UTILIZ UTILIZAT ATION ION OF DRIED DRIED COCON COCONUT UT (COCUS (COCUS NUCIF NUCIFERA ERA)) LEAV LEAVES IN MAKING CORKBOARD
Science Investigat!" #!$ect %&
Jhie Anne M. Austria
Resea!c' #!$ect Avise!&
Ms. Gregoria G. Reyes
ABSTRACT
Coconut Leaves is a part of coconut that is used for ceiling, but then as it dries, it also weakens and soon becoe waste. Midribs of coconut leaves are used to ake !broos" but the leaves itself has been thrown or burned. Cassava #Manihot $sculenta% starch has any rearkable characteristics, including high paste viscosity, high paste clarity and high free&e'thaw stability which are advantageous to to any industries. industries. (he ain purpose of this study was to utili&e )ried Coconut Leaves in aking cork board. *t also aied to answer the following +uestions Can )ried Coconut Leaves be used as a raw aterial in aking cork board- hat i/ture of )ried Coconut Leaves and Cassava 0tarch will give the best set'up- *s there a significant difference between the control group and the e/periental group in ters of a.% a ater ter absorption- b.% )ensity- c.% Cost- hat is the adverse effect of the developent of this pro1ect to the environent(he researcher ade used of the following procedures 2irst is to gather all the aterials needed, ne/t is the preparation of each, the first to prepare ust be the binder. 3ut the cassava e/tract on the container. 4e/t is the raw aterial, cut it using the scissor. (hird to do is easuring, easure the volue of the cassava e/tract using the beaker and the ass of dried coconut leaves using the weighing scale, after this prepare for cooking, when ready, wait until the pan was heated then put the cassava e/tract. After 5 to 67
inutes i/ed the dried coconut leaves, then wait until the aterials i/ed well. After doing this ake it flattened then the drying, and at last is conducting soe test and observation. 8ased on the data presented, discussed, analy&ed and interpreted by the researcher, it is found out that dried coconut #cocos nucifera% leaves can be used as a raw aterial in aking cork boar., (he i/ture of 677 g dried coconut leaves and 677 l of cassava e/tract #binder% produced the best product. (his 0*3 differs significantly fro the coercial one in ters of water absorption, density and cost. (his study affects the environent positively. *t lessens the waste caused by dried coconut leaves and air pollution caused by burning it. *t can also be used in business and provide an e/tra incoe.
CA#TER I
INTRODUCTION
Coconut #Cocus 4ucifera% is coonly known as tree of life, because all of its parts are useful.
Coconut Leaves is a part of coconut that is used for ceiling, but then as it dries, it also weakens and soon becoe waste. Midribs of coconut leaves are used to ake !broos" but the leaves itself has been thrown or burned.
Cassava #Manihot $sculenta% starch has any rearkable characteristics, including high paste viscosity, high paste clarity and high free&e'thaw stability which are advantageous to any industries.
*t is proven that a )ried Coconut Leaves is a waste product, but then the researcher found out that it has a potential in cork board aking which is usually ade by bark of trees specifically the cork oak tree that is liited to our country. Cork board is a fraed section of cork backed with wood or plastic. (ypically, it is used as a bulletin board, because the resilient nature of cork akes it ideal for sticking pins and tacks into. Coonly used in schools or offices. (hat inforation gives an idea to the researcher to conduct an e/perient in utili&ing the dried coconut leaves with cassava starch as binder in cork board aking.
A* BACKGROUND OF TE STUD+
Coconut leaves is the least useful aong the parts of coconut. (hatching, hats, ats, baskets and ropes are ade out of leaves. 8ut when the coconut leaves dries, it weakens and soon becoe useless. Cork board
is a construction
and
insulating sheet
aterial ade of
copressed and baked granules of cork. Cork is the product of cork oak tree, found widespread in the Mediterranean and it is liited in our country. Cork boards are very useful for schools, hospitals and other environents where inforation needs to be posted for everyone to see. (his pro1ect can also be used in business where both the consuer and supplier will benefit. (he product that9ll be produce in this pro1ect is cheaper than the coercial one. (his 0cience *nvestigatory 3ro1ect was conducted to lessen the waste fro )ried Coconut Leaves and utili&ed it in cork board aking.
B* OB,ECTIVES
(his study was guided by the following ob1ectives. Main :b1ective 6. (o lessen and give used the )ried Coconut Leaves which is considered as a waste product by utili&ing it in aking cork board.
0ub :b1ectives ;. (o deterine the i/ture that will produce the best set'up in this research pro1ect. <. (o deterine the significant difference between the control and the best e/periental set'up in ters of a.% water absorption , b.% density and c.% Cost. =. (o know how will it affect the environent for the future use.
C* STATEMENT OF TE #ROBLEMS
(he ain purpose of this study was to utili&e )ried Coconut Leaves in aking cork board. *t also aied to answer the following +uestions
Main 3roble 6.
Can )ried Coconut Leaves be used as a raw aterial in aking cork board-
0ub 3robles ;. hat i/ture of )ried Coconut Leaves and Cassava 0tarch will give the best set'up<.
*s there a significant difference between the control group and the
e/periental group in ters of
a.% ater absorption b.% )ensityc.% Cost=.
hat is the adverse effect of the developent of this pro1ect to the
environent-
D* STATEMENT OF TE +#OTESES
(his study was guided by the following hypotheses. 6. )ried Coconut Leaves is a suitable aterial in aking cork board. ;. 0et'up ; with a i/ture of 677g of )ried Coconut Leaves and 677 l of Cassava starch produce the best . <. (here is no significant difference between the control and the best e/periental set'up in ters of water absorption , density and cost. =. (his
0cience
*nvestigatory
3ro1ect
will
have
a
positive
effect
on
the
environent.
E* SIGNIFICANCE OF TE STUD+
(his study was conducted to produce a cheaper cork board for Coconut #Cocus 4ucifera% )ried Leaves. *t will help every person who uses cork board especially the school persons to lessen their e/penses for production. (his will also help to eradicate soe of the environental probles which are the wastes. (hen fro those waste products the researcher tried and coe up on an idea on how those can be useful , not only in the environent , but also for every person who uses cork board. 2or the future use, this study will benefit both the consuer and producer. *t can be put up in a business where in the cheaper cork board will be produce. (his study converts waste to oney which helps our environent and at the sae tie, the persons involved in it.
F* SCO#E AND LIMITATION
(his study ade used of )ried Coconut Leaves and Cassava starch in cork board aking. *n this pro1ect , the i/ture of 677g )ried Coconut Leaves and 677l Cassava starch gives the best. (he best set'up of the e/periental group differs in the control group in ters of water absorption , density and cost . 0et'up ; , the best set'up is cheaper than the coercial one. (he researcher ade < set'ups . (he water absorption was tested by soaking it in water for 5 inutes while the density9s concern is the ass and volue. (he researcher conducted an interview to various people to deterine the adverse effect of this pro1ect to the environent. (his study started on :ctober ;5 , ;76< and will end this )eceber at 0an Mariano 4ational >igh 0chool.
CA#TER II
REVIE- OF RELATED LITERATURE
Cork board is a construction and insulating sheet aterial ade of copressed and baked granules of cork.
According to wisegeek, corkboard is a fraed section of cork backed with wood or plastic. (ypically used as bulletin board, because the resilient nature of cork akes it ideal for sticking pins and tacks into. (hese boards can coe in a wide variety of si&es, and they are very useful for schools, hospitals and other environents where inforation needs to be posted for everyone to see. Cork is the product of cork oak tree, found widespread in the Mediterranean. Cork tends to be pale in color, and its light color and strength ake it a good choice for bulletin boards. ?nlike woods, cork will spring back after being penetrated with a pin. (he structure of the cork will breakdown eventually, aking it ipossible to stick ore pins in. but a corkboard can be used any ore ties than a bulletin board ade fro wood. Another used for a cork board is as a obile docuent stand which allows users to rearrange the docuent on the board as they talk about the. 8ased on the ikipedia the other uses of cork are as follows 8ottle stoppers 8adinton shuttle cocks Acoustic and theral insulation in house walls, floors, ceilings and fa@ade. 8ulletin boards 2loor and wall tiles 2ishing floats and buoys (he granules of it can be i/ed into a concrete.
Coconut, has a tall graceful trunks tapped by a crown light feathery leaves that are 65'6 feet long. (he leaves are a yellow greenish color. Mats, baskets and hats are all ade out of the leaves, idrib and the coir. According to Bcoconut board9 coconut #Cocos4ucifera% leave are plaited and used for thatching houses and shed in rural areas. 3laited coconut leaves are also used for aking headgears and for erection of teporary fences. 3laiting of coconut leaves is a cottage industry in traditional coconut growing states. Midribs of leaves are used to ake broos of different types which are used for cleaning rough grounds and floors.
Cassava #Manihot$sculenta% based on ikipedia is also called as anioc, yuca, balinghoy, ogo, andioca, kaotengkahoy and tapioca root. Cassava is a a1or source of carbohydrates. *t differs fro the siilarly spelled yucca, an unrelated fruit'bearing shrub in the Asparagaceae faily. Cassava when dried to a powdery e/tract is called tapioca its ferented flaky version is naed garri. 0tarch according to cassavabi& is produce fro grain or root crops. *t is ainlyused as foods but is also readily converted cheically, physically and biologically into any useful products to date, starch is used to produce such diverse products as food, paper, te/tiles, adhesives, beverages, confectionary, pharaceuticals, and building aterials. Advantages of cassava starch >igh level of purity. $/cellent thickening characteristics. A neutral #bland% taste. )esirable te/tural characteristics. A relatively cheap source of raw aterial containing
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ater absorption DE the additional ass to the cork board after soaking it to water.
)ensity DE used to test the copactness and strength of the product. Cost DE the eararked oney used by the researcher. Raw Material DE ain aterial #)ried Coconut Leaves%. Cassava DE used as binder. Cutting DE used to turn dried coconut leaves into pieces.
CA#TER III
METODOLOG+
A. MA($R*AL0
*n conducting this research pro1ect the researcher ade used of the following laboratory apparatuses, weighing scale and beaker kitchen tools, knife, pan, container, screen and scissor and for the ain aterial, dried coconut leaves, and cassava starch as a binder.
8.3R:C$)?R$ (he researcher ade used of the ff. procedure 6. Gathering and 3reparing the Materials (he researcher gathered all the aterials including laboratory and kitchen tools especially the binder and the raw aterial. *n preparing the binder the researcher ade used of knife to peel the cassava and grinder and container to e/tract it. 4e/t is cutting the dried coconut leaves. (he researcher have used scissor to turn the dried coconut leaves into sall pieces. ;. Measuring the Materials 8y the used of laboratory apparatus, weighing scale and beaker. (he researcher easured 57g, 677g and 657g of dried coconut leaves and 677L of cassava starch to conduct each set ups. <. Cooking and Mi/ing (he researcher cooked the cassava e/tract in a pan. hen it reached the paste te/ture, the researcher put the dried coconut leaves and i/ed it well. =. Molding and )rying the 3roducts 0creen, bottle or rolling pin were used to old the product. (he researcher siply puts the product on a screen, flattened it and gave it a shape.
After olding is drying. (his product is sun'dried. (he product is placed under the sun. $very tie the product gets curved, flip the product to turn its back. 5. (esting and :bserving the 3roduct (he +uality, te/ture, color, water absorption and density were tested and observed. (he researcher drops the product at the height of 6 eter to test and observe the +uality of a product. ater absorption was tested by soaking the product in water for 5 inutes, while the density was tested by easuring the ass and getting the volue of the product. (he researcher follows the forula density is e+ual to ass over volue.
FLO- CART
GATHERING
PREPARING
MEASURING
COOKING
MOLDING
DRYING
TESTING
OBSERVING
CA#TER IV
#RESENTATION. ANAL+SIS. INTER#RETATION AND RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ta/0e 1*1 Desc!i2tin % t'e 2!3cts
SET4U#S
5UALIT+
TE6TURE
1
Copacted Most Copacted Less Copacted
Rough 0oothest aong all set'ups 0oother than set'up 6
7 8
COLOR
Light 8rown 8rown 8rown
Cork tends to be pale in color, and its light color and strength ake it a good choice for bulletin board. (able 6.6 shows that set'up 6 is the best in ters of color while set'up got the best +uality and te/ture, and it is also the best set'up in ters of strength.
Ta/0e 1*7 Va!ia/0es an Meas3!e9ents
SET4U#S 1
D!ie Ccn3t Leaves(g) 57
Cassava Sta!c' (9L) 677
7
677
677
657
8
677
(his table shows that all set'ups are ade by a constant volue of cassava starch while dried coconut leaves are easured as less than 57, e+ual to 677 and greater than 57.
Ta/0e 1*8 Va03es an Meas3!e9ent in Fining t'e Densit"
SET4
MASS (g)
U#S 1 7 8
F7 677 65
VOLUME
DENSIT+
(c98)
(g:c98)
;77 6;5 ;57
7.=5 7. 7.=
OBSERVATION
Corkboard floats in water. Corkboard floats in water. Corkboard floats in water.
Cork board floats in water because of its low density but having a high density defines a better product because it is ore copacted. *n this pro1ect, density were used to test the copactness of the product. All set ups floats in water and the table above also shows that set up ; got the highest density, eaning it is the ost copacted aong the set ups followed by set up < then set up 6.
GRA# 1*1
DENSITY 250
200
150
100
50
0 MASS
VOLUME SET UP 1
SET UP 2
SET UP 3
Ta/0e 1*; Meas3!e9ents in Fining t'e -ate! A/s!2tin
SET U#S 1 7 8
MASS
8$2:R$ 0:AH*4G F7 677 65
A2($R 0:AH*4G 677 6=7 ;=7
TIME (9in3tes)
5 5 5
(able 6.= shows that all set ups were soaked in water at constant tie of 5 inutes. set up 6 absorbs less water followed by set up ; then set up <. (he set up that absorbs less water is the best product.
GRA# 1*7
WATER ABSORPTION 300 250 SET UP 1
200
SET UP 2 SET UP 3
150 100 50 0 BEFORE SOAKING
AFTER SOAKING
RESULT
Ta/0e 1*< Ave!se E%%ect % t'e #!3ct t t'e Envi!n9ent
(S3!ve")
NAME Ange03 M* L!an
#OSITIVEL+
NEGATIVEL+
REASON:-A+ *t lessens the dirt around
us.
C'e!!" D* Fe!ei!a
Agricultural waste or discarded aterial will be
Ma!ice0 R* ,a0/a"
useful. *nstead of burning the coconut leaves, it becae useful and it prootes
Ra A* Fa9aic
being eco'friendly. (he coconut leaves
Ma!" Kat'!een D*
becae useful. *t ight be cheaper than
Anastaci Ranie0 G* Canat3an
the coercial one. e can use the waste aterial for producing a
Kevin R"an T*
good product. *t is affordable than the
De/ie ,ane C*
coercial one. *t lessens the waste in our
La!=a
environent and it is very
Ma!avi00a
useful and at the sae tie
Ma!ia S"0via M*
affordable. *t is affordable and can
Ga0ine=
lessen waste in our
Me0 Rse O* De
environent. *t can help us reducing the
G3=9an
waste in our environent.
(he table above shows the answer in the +uestion how will the developent of cork board aking ade fro dried coconut leaves affect the environent- < teachers and students were asked, and 67 out of 67 said that the developent of this product will affect
the environent positively in a way that this product could help to eradicate soe of environental probles such as waste and pollution. (his 0cience *nvestigatory 3ro1ect #0*3% akes agricultural waste or discarded aterial useful and the product to be produce in this 0.*.3 is cheaper and affordable than the coercial one.
(able 6.I Coparisons of the Control and the $/periental Group
-ate! A/s!2tin
Densit"
Cst
Cnt!0 g!32 E>2e!i9enta0
=7g
7.= gc
<
3I77.77 365.77 #sae si&e%
g!32
CA#TER V
SUMMAR+. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A* S399a!" % Finings
8ased on the data presented, discussed, analy&ed and interpreted by the researcher, it is found out that dried coconut #cocos nucifera% leaves can be used as a raw aterial in aking cork board. (he i/ture of 677 g dried coconut leaves and 677 l of cassava e/tract #binder% produced the best product.
(his 0*3 differs significantly fro the coercial one in ters of water absorption, density and cost. (his study affects the environent positively. *t lessens the waste caused by dried coconut leaves and air pollution caused by burning it. *t can also be used in business and provide an e/tra incoe.
B* Cnc03sin (he following are derived as conclusions in this 0cience *nvestigatory 3ro1ect 6. )ried coconut leaves can be used as a raw aterial in aking cork
board. ;. (he best product was produced by 677 g of dried coconut leaves and 677 l of cassava e/tract #binder%. <. $/periental group differs significantly fro the control group in ters of water absorption, density and cost. =. (he developent of this pro1ect will have a positive effect to the environent and could be a provider of an e/tra incoe. C* RECOMMENDATIONS
*t is widely recoended by the researcher to test the odulus of elasticity to know if the product is ductile. Also, cut the )ried Coconut Leaves into saller pieces. (he researcher also recoends of conducting ore set ups to find the best of the best i/ture that9ll produce the best product. And it9ll be better to create an e/periental cork board with the sae si&e as the coercial one to differentiate the significance difference between the better. *t is also recoended to show how will this product affect and helps the environent then conduct a survey and ask the others opinion regarding it.
CA#TER VI
A##ENDI6ES
DENSIT+
)ensityDassvolue )ensityD677g6;5c< )ensityD7.gc<
-ATER ABSOR#TION
ater absorptionDass after soaking' ass before soaking ater absorptionD6=7g'677g ater absorptionD=7g
GETTING TE BEST SET U#
8est D < points 8etterD ; points GoodD 6point
TABLE 1*? 5UALIT+ TE6TURE
SET U# 1 ;
SET U# 7 <
SET U# 8 6
6 < 6 < 67
< ; < ; 6<
; ; ; 6
COLOR DENSIT+ -ATER ABSOR#TION RESULT
(he best set up is set up ; having 6< points followed by set up 6 then set up <.
BIBLIOGRA#+
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'tt2&::en*@ii2eia*!g:@ii:c!(9ate!ia0)
'tt2&::@@@*/03e20anet/i9es*!g:ccn3t*'t9
'tt2&::en*@ii2eia*!g:@ii:cassava
'tt2&::@@@*cassava/i=*!g:2st'a!vest:sta!c'8*'t9
'tt2&::ccn3t/a!*nic*in:@*'t9
B
T'e Ne@ B % K nowledge ( C )
