BOOK PROPOSAL
The Toolbox Strategy Tools from Business, Science, and Politics 1 By Jacob Harold
I.
Synopsis
It is often said, “if all you have is a hammer, the whole world looks like a nail.” Countless books offer more hammers: tipping points, fractals, and black swans. And, so the world continues to look like like a nail. This project offers a toolbox, toolbox, so the world may look like an opportunity. The Toolbox organizes and describes the most powerful strategy tools from business, science, and politics—and shows the reader where, when, and how each tool is most useful.
II.
Project description
People use different different tools to think about problems and act to solve them. A business executive changes pricing to build their customer customer base. A scientist searches for fractal patterns patterns in a data set. A political activist activist builds an unexpected coalition to earn media attention. Business, science, and politics all offer insights which are applicable to other parts of the human experience. experience. But their tools of understanding and execution have never been presented in one, simple, comparable framework. The Toolbox will offer that synthesis.
influence individuals strengthen organizations
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BUSINESS
SCIENCE
USER-CENTERED
BEHAVIORAL
DESIGN
POLITICS
ECONOMICS STORYTELLING
STRATEGIC
MATHEMATICAL
COMMUNITY
PLANNING
MODELING
ORGANIZING
Or, If All You Have is a Hammer, Get a Toolbox: Tools for Leadership and Learning from Business, Science, and Politics, or The Impact Toolbox , or The Lensbox, or some other better title.
If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox .
control context
MARKETS
SYSTEMS THEORY
PUBLIC
POLICY
The first chapter will offer the reader context: cross-sector learning is by no means new, but technological, economic, and demographic shifts have made it all the more urgent. Any serious professional will need to understand the tools and frameworks of multiple sectors. Just like in a toolbox, toolbox, some tools are are for understanding (tape measure, magnifying glass, level) and others are for doing (screwdriver, wrench, chisel). The Toolbox is both guidebook and textbook, describing in detail nine tools —from storytelling to mathematical modeling to markets—outlined in the matrix above. Those descriptions take take up the middle nine of the book’s eleven eleven chapters. The final chapter will be a capstone, offering case studies on ventures that have tied multiple tools together: the civil rights movement, Google, and the 2008 Obama-Biden campaign. The simple hope is this: upon reading The Toolbox , no reader will find that the world still looks like a nail.
III. III. Mark arket ana analysi lysis s There are millions of professionals and citizens in search of tools to help them be effective— they are local government officials, entrepreneurs, nonprofit managers, school teachers, investors, and corporate executives. In the business world, this has inspired an entire industry—with classics by Jim Collins, Peter Drucker, Michael Porter, and others selling by the millions. millions. The business press has produced great insight and remains a thriving market, one that The Toolbox would fit in cleanly. cleanly. In recent years, there has been a related phenomenon: the explosion of the One One Idea Book. Exemplified by Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point, these books take one tool or framework and use it to describe the functioning of people, organizations, and the world. At their worst, they attempt to explain the entire world through one lens (always (always a fool’s fool’s errand). At their best
President Barack Obama’s campaign was an archetypal example of the ethos of The Toolbox . His campaign’s integration of techniques from grassroots organizing, behavioral economics, information technology, and storytelling was an exercise in finding the right tools for the right moments. The public was already searching for a way to understand this profusion of tools—and the time of the Obama administration will only heighten that need. The Toolbox offers a timely answer. Further, The Toolbox is consistent with the type of practical intellectualism which defines President Obama’s work—the embrace of ideas not for their own sake but because ideas allow us to do things.
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . (like Gladwell’s work) they provide the reader one new ne w tool to use to explain the 2 world—without claiming universality. universality.
A well-written One Idea Book offers the reader great depth and texture through examples and exposition. exposition. But the reader can usually usually grasp the One Idea after after the first chapter, if not the back cover. The Toolbox is an attempt to synthesize these many One Ideas, but is a One Idea Book, as well. The Toolbox is built upon the idea that different situations situations require different tools. Such tools (One Ideas) can be presented in a coherent, comparable format—and are far more usable when presented as an organized group. Many recent notable One Idea Books have dealt with economics, such as Freakonomics, Freakonomics, Nudge, and The Black Swan. But there is a long history of such books, and they also come from politics (Thomas Friedman’s Friedman’s The World is Flat , Saul Alinsky’s Rules for Radicals , Milton Friedman’s Capitalism) and science (James Gleick’s Chaos, Fritzof Capra’s The Tao of Physics, and E.O. Wilson’s Consilience .) I travel often, and find myself in airport bookstores. If well-executed and generously marketed, I believe this book offers the potential to be an airport bookstore bestseller. bestseller. It matches the need of the busy professional to quickly but coherently synthesize the endless torrent torrent of ideas and frameworks. In addition to that practical purpose, this book meets the desire for a new intellectual framework for engaging with complex problems, a language to describe how to do ambitious things in the 21st century. century. In general, I believe in micro-targeting an audience, audience, but by its very nature this book aims aims for a broad, broad, educated readership. In section V, below, I also discuss how my own personal biography may help readers connect with the substance of the book—and, if deemed appropriate, serve as a marketing tool.
IV. Structure I acknowledge that I am proposing an ambitious project. The Toolbox is an attempt at immense intellectual synthesis—while also striving to be practical. For it it to be intelligible to the reader, it must be structured with great care.
BUSINESS SCIENCE
POLITICS
Usercentered design
Behavioral economics
Storytelling
Strategic planning
Mathematical modeling
Community organizing
Mark arkets
System stems s the theory ory Public lic polic olicy y
As noted above, the book will be 11 chapters. The first is an introduction introduction to the driving ideas of and context context for the book. book. The final chapter is is a set of case studies
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It is worth noting that One Idea Books are not a new phenomenon—consider Marx, Freud, Freud, and Darwin.
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . and a discussion of the implications of tool-driven tool-driven politics. The middle nine chapters are the tools themselves, one for each cell in a 3x3 matrix. The toolbox is built around a 3x3 matrix, with meaning embedded in both the columns and rows. The columns represent represent sectors of society—business, society—business, science, politics. The rows are are levels of analysis—individual, organization, society society.. Each of the nine chapters will follow a consistent structure: Description of the tool Illustrative example • • • •
Detailed explanation of key concepts and specific frameworks Uses and limitations of the tool
Further, each chapter will have a set of parallel sidebars and illustrations: An emblematic visual illustration of the concept Exemplary quote for chapter frontispiece • • • •
Founding books and thinkers (both academic and popular) A critical related concept
The reader’s journey through the book will be aided by including a consistent color scheme: the columns color-coded color-coded and the rows delineated delineated by shading. The framework is flexible and and can be cross-referenced in multiple ways. For example, the graphic below displays this basic framework as it relates to a set of “one idea books”.
Archetypal “One Idea Books” mapped on to the Toolbox Matrix THE TOOLBOX
BUSINESS
Influence Individuals
User-centered design Behavioral The Visual Display of economics Quantitative Nudge (Richard Thaler and Information (Edward Tufte) Cass Sunstein)
Strengthen Strategic planning Organization Managing for Results (Peter Drucker) s
Control Context
Markets The World is Flat (Thomas Friedman)
SCIENCE
POLITICS Storytelling Don’t Think of an Elephant (George Lakoff)
Mathematical modeling Freakonomics (Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner)
Community organizing Rules for Radicals (Saul Alinksy)
Systems theory The Tipping Point (Malcolm Gladwell)
Public policy The Radical Center (Halstead and Lind)
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . I would like to keep the book to around around 300 pages. The laws of arithmetic will thus keep discussion of each tool tool focused and relatively shallow shallow.. But that will force a discipline which is aligned aligned with the broad spirit of the book. If the reader wishes to explore a given tool more, sidebars will direct them to further reading.
V.
Format and style
In addition to a clear structure, success will require clear writing, careful editing, a profusion of examples, and enough humility to not throw in the kitchen sink. Moreover, the huge quantity of concepts and the interrelations among them will require creative visual support—with dozens of diagrams, charts, sidebars, quotes, and photos. For this reason, this book will require require world-class graphic design. It would be possible to do this book as pure linear text—but the potential of The are interrelated with its visuals. visuals. The inclusion of Toolbox will only be met if its words are such visuals also means that the book would probably be best served by a slightly larger form factor than a typical text-heavy nonfiction book. To To further aid the reader’s uptake, each chapter should have h ave a paired illustration and emblem. For example, a classic image for the concept of storytelling is people gathered around a fire listening listening to a storyteller. storyteller. Thus, the storytelling chapter could begin with an illustration of people circling a fire, enraptured by a storyteller, and each page could be marked by a small fire logo. The writing style of the book will be similar to this proposal: mostly direct and clear, with sprinkled use of metaphor, story, image, and humor to ease the path of the reader. reader. I like to think that I am an intellectual and write like one, but will not hesitate to include a pop culture reference reference if I think it effectively makes makes the point. I have also spent enough time in outcome-focused organizations to be forced to learn write clearly, but hope that I have read enough poetry to know how to add richness and emotion when appropriate. As is probably clear in this document, I have a clear clear sense of what I would like to do with this book. All that said, I would very much benefit from a good agent and editor to help me craft something that that will serve the needs of the market and my readers. I have already gotten feedback from three dozen of the smartest people I know (and who represent diverse backgrounds) and am in the process of systematically gathering feedback from an additional set through my website thetoolbox.squarespace.com thetoolbox.squarespace.com..
VI. VI. Personal note
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . Personal biography can be a distraction in in nonfiction. My life, though, so closely closely parallels the intellectual arc of this book that I believe it is worth briefly noting here. My life has ended up being a search for tools. I grew up in a farm house in North Carolina with my hippie parents—outside surrounded by corn fields and woods, inside surrounded by books on theology, physics, and history. history. I spent college looking for truth in philosophy, mathematics, and religion— writing on the role of geometry in Borges and living in the mountains of India translating the 18 th century poetry of the 6 th Dalai Lama. Frustrated by abstraction without action, I trained as a grassroots organizer with Green Corps and entered the world of radical political action to fight fight global warming. I dodged tear gas, chained myself to a fence for Greenpeace, spoke at Ford Motor Company’s 100th anniversary shareholders’ meeting, and hounded Gore, Bush, and McCain. 3 After After four years, I realized my toolkit was insufficient; I did not yet know how to influence the truly powerful. So I went to Stanford Business School to study with with hedge fund managers, investment banking wizards, and McKinsey consultants who run our economy and our institutions. 4 I led a major effort to integrate discussion of climate change into the business school curriculum. 5 Then, after getting my MBA, I spent a summer in Beijing studying complex systems science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences under some of the world’s great physicists, biologists, and computer scientists.6 I then joined The Bridgespan Group, the leading organization for translating techniques from business to nonprofit management. Three years ago, I was privileged to be invited to join the $6 billion William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, where, at 28, I was the Foundation’s Foundation’s youngest program officer. officer. I found myself managing the Foundation’s efforts to fix the many systemic flaws in the philanthropy sector. sector. Over the last three years I have overseen $20 $20 million in grants working to restructure the marketplace for nonprofit donations so that the strongest organizations raise the most money, not just the ones that have the slickest marketing materials or the biggest brand.7 I am now 31 and this lucky string of experiences has exposed me to a broad set of tools for creating creating change. This book draws directly on those experiences—and in particular on a set of mentors, teachers, colleagues, and friends who have shared deep insight on their chosen chosen tools. I would hope to integrate some personal 3
For a case study on my work with Rainforest Action Network see: http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvar http://harvardbusines sonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b02/en/common/i d.edu/b02/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id tem_detail.jhtml?id=P44&_r =P44&_r equestid=55737 4 Update: “run our economy and institutions into the ground”. 5 For more detail on this project see: http://www.gsb.stanford.e http://www .gsb.stanford.edu/pmp/academics/pmi du/pmp/academics/pmi/pmi04-05.html /pmi04-05.html 6 The “Complex Systems Summer School” program associated with the Santa Fe Institute. 7 For a case study on this work see: https://gsbapps.stanford.edu/cases/de https://gsbapps.stanfor d.edu/cases/detail1.asp?Document_ID=3 tail1.asp?Document_ID=3061 061.. Also see www.givingmarketplaces.org .
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . anecdotes to ease the path of the reader, though I absolutely intend this to be a book about ideas.
VII. VII. Inspi Inspira ratio tion n This idea stands upon the shoulders of many giants, including: A set of recent “One Idea Books”— The Tipping Point, Nudge, Freakonomics, The Black Swan —have brilliantly made complex ideas accessible. They are emblematic of the practical intellectualism which drives The Toolbox. They are successful because they are crisp, direct, creative, and use stories to explain complex ideas. The Whole Earth Catalog , in its many manifestations, is an intellectual grandfather of The Toolbox . The Toolbox Toolbox aspires to be a 21st century ideas version of the Catalog. Bill Bryson’s best-seller A Brief History of Nearly Everything lives up to its title as a well-organized and energetically-written history of science. Edward Tufte’s work—such as The Visual Representation of Quantitative Information and Beautiful Evidence —brilliantly integrates a theory of visualization with guidance on the practice of representing data. It is incredibly pleasant to hold his books in your hands. Every page is rich with beauty and information. The form of Tufte’s Tufte’s books reflects reflects their content, a parallelism The Toolbox would aspire to emulate. Robert Greene’s The 48 Laws of Power provides an avalanche of examples of techniques (mostly Machivellian) Machivellian) to gain power. power. Each of the 48 48 chapters offers at least three examples from history to illustrate the “law of power” explained in the chapter. chapter. For Common Things : Irony, Trust, and Commitment in America Today by Jededdiah Purdy offered offered me a different different kind of inspiration. inspiration. While I do not fully agree with Purdy’s critique of modern American irony, his was the first highprofile book of ideas written by someone of my generation, and I took great comfort in the way he attempted to weave in his own story with his ideas. The Toolbox Toolbox itself is a simple matrix representation and takes inspiration from other useful matrices. The most famous such matrix matrix is from science, the Periodic Table of the Elements. Such matrices can be found throughout society. society. For example, the BCG Growth-Share Growth-Share Matrix is often used to help businesses make internal internal investment decisions. The Wilson-Lowi Matrix Matrix helps understand the costs and benefits facing various constituencies of a political issue. •
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VIII. 8
Outline8
There is, of course, no doubt that this outline will evolve significantly.
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox .
INTRODUCTION Chapter One: Introduction 1. The The fund fundam amen enta tall conf confus usio ion n betw betwee een n mean means s and and ends ends 2. The The flux flux of of the the soci social al con contr trac act: t: the the inte intert rtwi winin ning g role roles s of busi busines ness, s, sci scien ence ce,, politics in the 21 st century 3. How How Gen Gener erat atio ions ns X and and Y cons conseq equen uentl tly y vie view w mea means ns and and ends ends diff differ eren entl tly y from Baby Boomers 4. On the the str struc uctu ture re of idea ideas s and and the the str struc uctu ture re of this this book book 5. Ackn Acknow owle ledge dgeme ment nt of of and and res respe pect ct for for tool tools s not not disc discuss ussed ed in in deta detail il (art, (art, religion, history, law, the military) TOOLS FROM BUSINESS Chapter Two: User-centered design 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: Perfect Perfectly-ba ly-balanced lanced water pitcher pitcher 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Clarit Clarity y (purpose (purpose and user-ori user-orient entati ation) on) b. Simplicity Simplicity (focus, (focus, reductio reduction, n, organiza organization) tion) c. Rapid Rapid prototyp prototyping ing (metho (methods ds for for collecti collective ve design) design) d. Human interface interface (Use, (Use, emotio emotion, n, and experience) experience) e. Systems Systems design design (from (from products products to proce processes) sses) 3. Ca Case se stu study dy:: iP iPod 4. Related elated concept concept:: Visuali Visualizat zation ion 5. Quote: Quote: “Good “Good design is obvious. obvious. Great Great design design is transparent.” transparent.” — Joe Sparano Sparano 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: Edward Edward Tufte Tufte,, John Maeda, David David Kelley Kelley 7. Key popular authors: Bill McDonough, Tom Tom Peters, Peters, Frank Frank Lloyd Wright Wright 8. Flip Flip side: side: Soci Social al engin engineer eering ing
Chapter Three: Strategic planning 9. Illustrati Illustration: on: Columbus Columbus sailing sailing to the New New World World9 10.Key concepts: a. Goal designation designation (focus, (focus, venue venue analysis) analysis) b. Strateg Strategy y (theory (theory of chang change, e, logic logic model model)) c. Resource Resource alignment alignment (operation (operations, s, business business planni planning) ng) d. Scenario Scenario planning planning (mapping (mapping possible possible futures, futures, risk risk profile profiles) s) e. Stakeholde Stakeholderr analysis analysis (Wilson-Lo (Wilson-Lowi wi Matrix Matrix)) 11.Case study: Climate Works Foundation 12.Related concept: Evaluation (formative and summative) 13.Quote: "If you don't know where you're going, you'll end up somewhere else." — Yogi Berra 9
Citing Paul Brest’s lecture on strategy.
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . 14.Key academic authors: Peter Drucker, Michael Porter 15.Key popular authors: Sun Tzu, Jim Collins 16.Flip side: Opportunism to respond to the unexpected Chapter Four: Markets 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: People People tasting tasting fruit fruit at a farme farmers’ rs’ market market 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Resource Resource alloc allocation ation (supply (supply,, demand, demand, architectur architecture) e) b. Pricin Pricing g (auction (auctions, s, informa informatio tion) n) c. Creation Creation and and destruction destruction (entry, (entry, exit, exit, merger mergers, s, acquisitio acquisitions) ns) d. Market Market failure failure (external (externalitie ities, s, tragedy of the commons, commons, public public goods) 3. Ca Case se stud study y: eBa eBay y 4. Related elated conc concept ept:: Blended Blended valu value e 5. Quote: Quote: “The marketpla marketplace ce obliges obliges men, whether whether they will will or not, in pursuing pursuing their own selfish interests, to connect the general good with their own individual success.” — Edmund Burke 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: Adam Smith, Smith, Milton Milton Friedman, Friedman, John Kenneth Kenneth Galbrait Galbraith, h, Karl Marx 7. Ke Key y popular popular authors: Thomas Thomas Friedma Friedman, n, Ronald Ronald Reagan Reagan 8. Flip side: side: Markets Markets have no heart, heart, nor are they goal-orien goal-oriented ted
TOOLS FROM SCIENCE Chapter Five: Behavioral economics 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: Stanford Stanford Prison Prison Experim Experiment ent 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Incentives Incentives (rational (rational choic choice e theory and and the realities realities of human human behavior) behavior) b. Behavior Behavior and bias (social (social proof, proof, recipr reciprocit ocity, y, anchoring) anchoring) c. Nudging (opt-in (opt-in vs. opt-out, opt-out, informatio information n availabi availability) lity) d. Judgment Judgment (from (from instinct instinct to to decisio decision n trees) trees) e. Game theory theory (Prisoner’ (Prisoner’s s Dilemma, Dilemma, repeated repeated games) games) 3. Case Case study study: Posit Positive ive Energ Energy y LLC 4. Re Related lated concept: concept: Evoluti Evolutionary onary psychology psychology 5. Quote: Quote: “Behavior “Behavior is what a man man does, not what what he thinks, thinks, feels, or believe believes” s” — Emily Dickinson 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: Daniel Daniel Kahneman, Kahneman, Amos Amos Tversky, Tversky, Stanley Stanley Milgram 7. Ke Key y popular popular authors: Robert Robert Cialdini Cialdini,, Richard Richard Thaler, Cass Cass Sunstein Sunstein 8. Flip Flip side: side: Manipul Manipulati ation on Chapter Six: Mathematical modeling 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: Gathering Gathering pennies pennies to become become a millio millionair naire e
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Arithmetic Arithmetic of Scale Scale (are (are we in the right right ballpark?) ballpark?) b. Algebra of planning planning (how do we model model our our success?) success?) c. Calculus Calculus of change change (what happens over time?) time?) d. Ratios Ratios and proporti proportions ons (relatin (relating g data points points to each each other) other) e. Statistics Statistics (signif (significanc icance, e, correla correlation tion vs. vs. causation) causation) 3. Case Case study study:: Coll College ege Summ Summit it 4. Re Related lated concept: concept: Mapping Mapping and and visualiz visualization ation 5. Quote: Quote: “It is easy to lie lie with statistics statistics,, but it is easier easier to lie without without them.” them.” — Frederick Mosteller 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: Isaac Isaac Newton, Newton, Rene Descarte Descartes, s, Emile Durkheim Durkheim 7. Ke Key y popular popular authors: Robert Robert Norton, Norton, David David Kaplan, Kaplan, Stephen Stephen Dubner and Steven Levitt 8. Flip side: side: Difficulty Difficulty of defining defining variables, variables, collecti collecting ng data, and tracking tracking risk Chapter Seven: Systems theory 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: Butterfly Butterfly flappin flapping g its wings wings and changing changing the weather weather 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Complexit Complexity y (emergen (emergentt propert properties, ies, fractals) fractals) b. Feedback eedback loops loops (vicious (vicious and and virtuous virtuous circle circles) s) c. Evolut Evolution ion (natura (naturall selecti selection, on, geneti genetics) cs) d. Critic Critical al mass mass (tipp (tipping ing point points) s) 9. Case study: study: US nonprofit nonprofit marketplac marketplace e 10.Related concept: Network theory 11.Quote: “I would not give a fig for the simplicity this side of complexity, but I would give my life for the simplicity of the other side of complexity." complexity." — Oliver Wendell Holmes 12.Key academic authors: Charles Darwin, Norbert Weiner, Murray Gell-Mann, John Holland 13.Key popular authors Malcolm Gladwell, James Gleick, Fritzof Fritzof Kapra, Eric Beinhocker 14.Flip side: Unpredictability TOOLS FROM POLITICS Chapter Eight: Storytelling 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: People People gathered gathered around around a fire fire to hear stories stories 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Narrative Narrative arc (exposi (exposition, tion, complic complication ation,, climax, resolutio resolution) n) b. Characters Characters (antagonist (antagonists s and and protagonist protagonists) s) c. Language Language (jargon, (jargon, connotation connotation,, denotation denotation)) d. Strategic Strategic communic communication ations s (framing, (framing, message message control) control) 3. Case Case study: study: Reaga Reagan n revolu revolutio tion n 4. Relat elated ed conce concept pt:: Myth Myth
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . 5. Quote: Quote: “’Thou shat shat not’ is soon forgotte forgotten, n, but ‘Once ‘Once upon a time’ time’ lasts forever.”— Phil Pullman 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: authors: George George Lakoff, Lakoff, Carl Carl Jung, Roland Roland Barthes Barthes 7. Ke Key y popular popular authors: Joan Joan Didion, Didion, Joseph Campbell Campbell,, Pete Pete Seeger 8. Flip Flip side: side: Stor Stories ies aren’t aren’t data data Chapter Nine: Grassroots organizing 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: Lone Lone organiz organizer er knocking knocking on doors doors 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Organizing Organizing (relati (relationshiponship-buildi building ng from elites elites to the the powerless) powerless) b. Community Community (networks, (networks, common common stories, stories, communit community y mobilizatio mobilization) n) c. Leveraging Leveraging relati relationship onships s (rule of halves, halves, volunteers, volunteers, coalit coalitions) ions) d. Empowerment Empowerment (identi (identity ty politics, politics, symbol symbolic ic protest) protest) 3. Case study: study: Caesar Chavez Chavez and United Farmwo Farmworke rkers’ rs’ Movement Movement 4. Related elated conc concept ept:: Advoc Advocacy acy 5. Quote: Quote: “What? You You seek something? something? You You wish to multiply yourself yourself tenfold, tenfold, a hundredfold? You You seek followers? Seek zeros!” — Friedrich Nietzsche 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: Karl Karl Marx, Lawrenc Lawrence e Goodwyn, Charles Charles Payne Payne 7. Ke Key y popular popular authors: authors: Saul Alinsky, Alinsky, Naomi Naomi Klein Klein 8. Flip Flip side: side: Resour Resourcece-int intens ensity ity
Chapter Ten: Public policy 1. Illustrati Illustration: on: Buildings Buildings lining lining the the US National National Mall 2. Key conc concep epts ts:: a. Social Social contract contract (flux in instituti institutional onal roles, roles, countervai countervailing ling forces, forces, the law) b. Governance Governance (principle(principle-agent agent problem, problem, transparen transparency, cy, institution institutional al capture, longevity, bureaucracy) c. Regulati Regulation on (market (market failures, failures, subsidies, subsidies, taxatio taxation, n, lobbying, lobbying, partial partial outsourcing to civil society) d. Culture Culture (substructure (substructure for for collective collective behavior, behavior, media, media, decentraliz decentralized ed content creation) 3. Case study study: Interdisci Interdisciplinar plinarity ity at Stanford Stanford Universit University y 4. Re Related lated concept: concept: public institution institutions s (universit (universities, ies, nonprofits, nonprofits, foundations) foundations) 5. Quote: Quote: “Democracy “Democracy is the worst worst form of government government except except all all those other other forms.” — Winston Churchill 6. Ke Key y academic academic authors: authors: Plato, Plato, John Stuart Stuart Mill, John John Locke, Locke, Jean-Jacques Jean-Jacques Rousseau 7. Ke Key y popular authors: authors: Ted Ted Halstead, Halstead, Michael Michael Lind, Al Gore Gore 8. Flip Flip side: Calci Calcifie fied d bureaucra bureaucracie cies s INTEGRATION
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If all you have is a hammer, get a toolbox . Chapter Eleven: Integration 1. Discus Discussio sion n of emergin emerging g cross cross themes themes 2. How to pick the the right tool(s) tool(s) for for a given given situation situation 3. Brief case studies studies on on the integrat integration ion of multiple multiple tools: tools: a. US civi civill right rights s movem movemen entt b. Google c. 2008 2008 ObamaObama-Bid Biden en campai campaign gn 4. Call to action: action: the new new politics politics of of tools tools
BUSINESS SCIENCE
POLITICS
Usercentered design
Behavioral economics
Storytelling
Strategic planning
Mathematical modeling
Community organizing
Markets
Systems theory
Public policy
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