1ZSE 5492-127 en, Rev. 5
On-load tap-changers, type UBB Maintenance guide
This document must not be copied without our written permission, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party nor be used for any unauthorized purpose. Contravention will be prosecuted.
Recommended Practices ABB recommends careful consideration of the following factors for maintenance work on on-load tap-changers: Before you start any work, make sure that the personnel doing the job have read and fully understood the Maintenance documents provided with the unit. To avoid damaging the unit, never exceed the operating limits stated in delivery documents and on rating plates. Do not alter or modify a unit without first consulting ABB. Follow local and international wiring regulations at all times. Use only factory authorized replacement parts and procedures.
WARNING, CAUTION and NOTE WARNING A WARNING provides information which, if disregarded, could cause injury or death. CAUTION A CAUTION provides information which, if disregarded, could cause damage to the equipment. NOTE: A NOTE provides additional information to assist in carrying out the work described.
Safety Precautions WARNING The Maintenance Guide should be read and understood before any work is started, and the procedures in this document should be followed at all times. WARNING Before carrying out work on the on-load tap-changer, put the LOCAL/REMOTE switch in the motor-drive mechanism to position 0. It is also recommended to shut the door of the motor-drive mechanism and pad lock it when work is carried out on the on-load tap-changer. The key should be kept by the operator. This is done to avoid unexpected start of the motor-drive mechanism.
WARNING Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism, the auxiliary power must be switched off. N.B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from separate sources. CAUTION Approval should be given for inspection as well as for operating the on-load tapchanger. CAUTION ABB recommends that only maintenance engineers trained by ABB carry out contact replacement.
During Service WARNING Small amounts of explosive gases will always come out from the breathing devices (dehydrating breather or one-way breather). Make sure that no open fire, hot surfaces or sparks occurs in the immediate surroundings of the breathing devices. WARNING If a failure in power supply occurs during operation, the operation will be completed when the power returns. WARNING The hand crank must not be inserted during electrical operation. WARNING If the on-load tap-changer is not in its exact position and the hand crank is pulled out, the motor-drive mechanism will start and go to the exact position if the power supply is on. CAUTION After a pressure relay trip, follow the instructions in the chapter ”Pressure Relay” in the Repair Guide.
During Oil Handling WARNING Unused transformer oil is slightly harmful. Fumes from unused warm oil may irritate the respiratory organs and the eyes. After long and repeated contact with transformer oil skin becomes very dry. Used on-load tap-changer oil from diverter switch housings and selector switch housings contains harmful substances. Fumes are irritating to the respiratory organs and the eyes and are very easily set on fire. Used transformer oil may well be carcinogenic. Avoid contact with the oil as much as possible and use oiltight protective gloves when handling the oil. First aid: Skin contact: In the eyes: Swallowing:
Wash the hands. Use skin cream to counteract drying. Rinse the eyes in clean water. Drink water or milk. Avoid vomiting. Call a doctor.
Collect used oil in oil drums. Waste and cleaning up: Should be absorbed by an absorber. Treat it as hazardous to the environment. Upon fire: The fire should be extinguished by using powder, foam or carbon acid. WARNING When oil that has been used in an on-load tap-changer is pumped out, conducting tubes and hoses that are earthed should be used to avoid the risk of explosion due to the gases produced by the arcs during service. WARNING The oil in the on-load tap-changer may be hot. Be cautious! WARNING There is always a cushion of explosive gases in the top of the on-load tap-changer. No open fire, hot surfaces or sparks may be present during opening of the housing or draining from the valve. After the cover is removed let the gas vent away approximately 15 min before any work is started. WARNING Be aware of the risk for slipperiness caused by oil spillage for instance when working on the transformer cover.
CAUTION Do not fill oil into the on-load tap-changer if the transformer tank is under vacuum and the on-load tap-changer is not. CAUTION Do not fill oil into the transformer tank if the on-load tap-changer is under vacuum and the transformer tank is not. CAUTION Leave a gas cushion on top of the oil in the on-load tap-changer.
After Oil Filling CAUTION Do not energize the transformer earlier than three hours after oil filling in atmospheric pressure. This waiting period is needed to allow airbubbles to disappear.
Mounting of Gaskets CAUTION Sealing surfaces and gaskets must be clean and undamaged. Diametrically opposed bolts in sealing joints must be tightened alternately several times, beginning with a low tightening torque and finally with the recommended tightening torque as described in section 1.3 Tightening Torque, in this guide.
Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3
Introduction_____________________________________________ General_________________________________________________ Maintenance Schedule_____________________________________ Inspection_______________________________________________ Overhaul________________________________________________ Contact Replacement______________________________________ Tightening Torque________________________________________
9 9 10 10 12 12 12
2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6
Inspection_______________________________________________ Required Tools and Material________________________________ Procedure_______________________________________________ Checking of the Breather___________________________________ Checking of the Oil Level in the Conservator___________________ Checking of the Motor and the Counter_ ______________________ Checking of the Emergency Stop_ ___________________________ Checking of the Earth Fault Protector (Option)__________________ Checking of the Heater_ ___________________________________
13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12
Overhaul________________________________________________ Required Tools and Material________________________________ Procedure_______________________________________________ Preparations_____________________________________________ On-Load Tap-Changer Position______________________________ Disconnection and Earthing of the Transformer_________________ Oil Volumes and Lifting Heights_____________________________ Recommended Set of Standard Spare Parts_____________________ Oil Testing and Oil Draining________________________________ Lifting and Cleaning the Selector Switch Insert_ ________________ Dismantling the Top Cover of the On-Load Tap-Changer__________ Removal of the Mechanism and Fixed Contact Blades____________ Adjustment of the Holding Tool for Removal of Fixed Contacts____ Positioning of Selector Switch and Change-Over Selector before Lifting____________________________________________ Lifting_ ________________________________________________ Cleaning________________________________________________ Oil Filtration_ ___________________________________________ Checking of the Breather _ _________________________________ Checking Contacts________________________________________ Moving Contacts_________________________________________ Fixed Contacts with Tips of Copper-Tungsten_ _________________ Fixed Contacts made of Copper______________________________ Checking the Transition Resistors____________________________ Lowering the Selector Switch Insert__________________________ Mounting the Top Cover on the On-Load Tap-Changer___________ Lubrication of the On-Load Tap-Changer and the Drive Shaft System_ ______________________________________
18 18 19 20 20 20 20 21 22 23 23 24 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 33 33 34 35
3.13 3.13.1 3.13.2 3.14 3.14.1 3.14.2 3.14.3 3.14.4 3.14.5 3.14.6 3.14.7 3.14.8 3.14.9 3.14.10 3.14.11 3.14.12 3.14.13 3.14.14 3.15 3.16 3.16.1 3.16.2 3.16.3 3.16.4 3.16.5 3.16.6 3.17
Checking the Pressure Relay________________________________ Functional Check of the Pressure Relay_ ______________________ Replacing the Pressure Relay_ ______________________________ Checking of Motor-Drive Mechanisms types BUE and BUL_______ Motor Protection_ ________________________________________ Earth Fault Protector (option)_ ______________________________ Counter_________________________________________________ Heater__________________________________________________ Toothed Belt_____________________________________________ Cable Connections________________________________________ Disc Brake, BUE_________________________________________ Brake for the Maintaining Contact, BUE_ _____________________ Disc Brake, BUL_________________________________________ Position Transmitter and other Position Switches, BUE___________ Position Transmitter and other Position Switches, BUL___________ Starting Contact, BUE_____________________________________ Lubrication, BUE_________________________________________ Lubrication, BUL_________________________________________ Operation Test_ __________________________________________ Oil Filling_______________________________________________ Filling Methods and Restrictions_____________________________ Before Filling____________________________________________ Filling at Atmospheric Pressure______________________________ Oil Level_ ______________________________________________ Restoring the Gas Cushion_ ________________________________ Waiting Period___________________________________________ Putting into Operation_____________________________________
36 36 36 37 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 45 45 45 47 47 47 48 48 48 49 50 50
4 4.1 4.2
Contact Replacement______________________________________ 51 Moving Contacts_________________________________________ 51 Fixed Contacts___________________________________________ 51
5 5.1
Tap-changer in the transformer______________________________ 52 Resistance measurement_ __________________________________ 52
6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Specification of Materials_ _________________________________ General_________________________________________________ Selector Switch Housing___________________________________ Selector Switch Insert_ ____________________________________ Gearing Mechanism_______________________________________ Drive Shaft Systems_______________________________________ Motor-Drive Mechanism___________________________________
53 53 53 53 53 54 54
Appendix, Tools_________________________________________________ 55
1 Introduction
1 Introduction 1.1 General The UB range of on-load tap-changers manufactured by ABB has been developed to provide maximum reliability. The simple and rugged design gives a service life equal to the service life of the transformer. A minimum of maintenance is required for trouble-free operation. The only parts requiring maintenance are contacts that might need replacement during the service life, the insulating oil and the motor-drive mechanism. The design allows excellent access to all parts, making inspection and maintenance quick and simple. The on-load tap-changer, type UBB, is housed in the transformer tank. The motordrive mechanism is attached to the transformer tank and connected to the on-load tapchanger by means of drive shafts and a bevel gear, see Fig. 1.
Horizontal shaft with protection cover Bevel gear
Bevel gear
Vertical shaft with protection cover
Rating plate
TC_00255
On-load tap-changer
Motor-drive mechanism
Fig. 1. On-load tap-changer and motor-drive mechanism, type BUL
9
1 Introduction
Fig. 2 shows the general arrangement of a UB-type on-load tap-changer. The main components are the selector switch (combined tap selector and diverter switch), the change-over selector, the selector switch housing and the gearing mechanism. For maintenance the top cover and the gear base plate (Fig. 4a) are removed before lifting the selector switch insert. The contacts are then immediately accessible and can be inspected for wear. The selector switch housing has its own oil separated from the transformer oil. This is to prevent contamination of the transformer oil since the oil of the on-load tap-changer deteriorates due to the switching operations. The oil needs to be changed at regular intervals to maintain adequate dielectric strength as well as to prevent mechanical wear. The selector switch comprises three phases, each consisting of: ■■ Selector switch (with replaceable fixed and moving contacts) ■■ Transition resistors. It is necessary to inspect and clean the contacts and insulation parts of the selector switch, as well as to clean the housing inside at regular intervals. Besides the maintenance of the selector switch and changing of the oil, the motordrive mechanism should be checked and lubricated. The pressure-relay, the device that protects the transformer from excessive pressure in the selector switch housing, should also be checked.
1.2 Maintenance Schedule Maintenance of the on-load tap-changer consists of three major steps: ■■ Inspection ■■ Overhaul ■■ Contact replacement
1.2.1 Inspection On the rating plate, ”inspection once a year” is recommended. This principally concerns the motor-drive mechanism and refers to a visual inspection inside the motor-drive cabinet, the heater is functioning, etc. In the motor-drive mechanism a counter registers every tap-change operation. During inspection the counter is read. If possible, motor and counter are tested by operating one step and then back. If the on-load tap-changer has its own oil conservator, the breather and the oil level indicator are checked according to the instructions from the transformer manufacturer. The inspection is carried out while the transformer is in service.
10
1 Introduction
Top cover
Air release valve to on-load tap-changer
Connection to oil conservator Pressure relay
Bevel gear Oil valve Flange Air release valve to transformer tank
Cylinder
Change-over selector:
Indicator window
Moving contacts Fixed contacts Selector switch: Current collector terminal
Fixed contacts
Moving contacts Transition resistor
Selector switch shaft
Shielding rings
Bottom valve drain screw Bottom fm_00235
Fig. 2. General arrangement of on-load tap-changer, type UB
11
1 Introduction
1.2.2 Overhaul The contact life and the frequency of operations or the time in service determine the interval between overhauls. The number of operations run by the on-load tap-changer is recorded by a counter, housed in the motor-drive mechanism cabinet. The registered number of operations should be noted at every inspection and overhaul. The on-load tap-changer should normally be overhauled regularly at intervals of 1/5 of the estimated contact life. The relevant information is stated on the rating plate. Hereby, the contact wear can be followed and necessary preparations can be made for replacing the contacts. If the tap-change operations occur infrequently and a very long time elapses until the number of operations amounts to 1/5 of the contact life, the interval between overhauls should be limited to the time stated on the rating plate (normally 5 years). The overhaul will normally take at least 8 hours, including the 3 hours waiting period after oil filling, even if it is made by trained personnel. We recommend that the overhaul is carried out under supervision of a service engineer trained by ABB.
1.2.3 Contact Replacement On the rating plate of the on-load tap-changer the estimated contact life of the breaking contacts in the selector switch at rated load is stated. The contacts will withstand a very large number of switching operations. For normal power transformers the number of operations of the selector switch is approximately 20 per day, which means that replacement of the contacts is not normally necessary during the life of the transformer. (In case of on-load tap-changers on furnace transformers, the frequency of operations may be considerably higher). CAUTION The number of operations must in no case exceed 500 000, due to weakening spring tension of the contacts.
1.3 Tightening Torque The following tightening torques are recommended: M6,
10 Nm
±10 %
(7.4 lbf x ft)
M8,
24.5 Nm
±10 %
(18 lbf x ft)
M10,
49 Nm
±10 %
(36 lbf x ft)
M12,
84 Nm
±10 %
(62 lbf x ft)
unless otherwise stated in this guide.
12
2 Inspection
2 lnspection The inspection consists of a visual check of the motor-drive mechanism and the conservator once a year while the transformer is in service. In the motor-drive mechanism the following points are to be checked: ■■ Motor and counter ■■ Heater ■■ The counter’s value On the conservator the following are to be checked: ■■ Oil level ■■ Breather If the on-load tap-changer is equipped with an oil filter unit from ABB it should be inspected once a year according to the ”Oil Filter Unit for On-Load Tap-Changer manual”.
2.1 Required Tools The following equipment is required for the inspection: ■■ Set of screwdrivers ■■ Pen and note pad
2.2 Procedure CAUTION Approval should be given for inspection as well as for operating the on-load tapchanger. WARNING This work must be carried out from ground level since the transformer is energized.
13
2 Inspection
2.2.1 Checking of the Breather Check the breather according to the instructions for the transformer. WARNING The breathers and the tube from the conservator contains explosive gases. No open fire, hot surfaces or sparks may be present when removing the breather. If more than half of the drying agent has changed colour, it must be dried or replaced. The drying agent normally starts to change colour from the bottom of the breather. If it changes colour at the top of the breather, there is a leakage in the connections to the conservator. Locate the leakage and seal it.
2.2.2 Checking of the Oil Level in the Conservator The oil level in the conservator should be according to the instructions in the transformer documentation.
2.2.3 Checking of the Motor and the Counter Open the motor-drive cabinet door and turn the selector-switch to the LOCAL position. Then turn the control switch to the RAISE (LOWER) position. Check that the motor works properly, the position indicator increases (decreases) one step, and the counter advances one step for each operation. Record the counter’s value. The counter shows the number of operations run by the on-load tap-changer (the overhaul-schedule can be determined with the help of this information). Turn the control switch to the LOWER (RAISE) position. Check that the motor also works properly in that direction, the position indicator decreases (increases) one step and the counter advances one step more. Reset the draghands.
2.2.4 Checking of the Emergency Stop Give a RAISE or LOWER impulse and after about one second press the emergency stop. The operation should be interrupted. Reset the emergency stop by turning the knob clockwise and set the protective motorswitch to ON. The started operation should now be completed. Operate back to service position.
2.2.5 Checking of the Earth Fault Protector (Option) If the motor-drive mechanism is equipped with an outlet, the earth fault protector should be tested by pressing the test knob on the outlet on BUE or on the separate earth fault protector on BUL.
14
2 Inspection
2.2.6 Checking of the Heater Disconnect the incoming auxiliary power. WARNING Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism the auxiliary power must be switched off. N. B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from separate sources. Open the control panel. (BUE only). Check by feeling with a finger on the protection plate that the heater has been functioning. Close the control panel. (BUE only). Reconnect the incoming auxiliary power. Complete the inspection by turning the selector-switch to the REMOTE position and closing the cabinet door.
15
2 Inspection
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
21
20
19
18
17
Layout of motor-drive mechanism, type BUE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
16
Locking device prepared for padlock Emergency stop (Option) Switch for extra heater Air vent LOCAL/REMOTE switch RAISE/LOWER switch Outgoing shaft Lamp (40 W socket E27) Lifting eye Counter Tap-change in progress indicator Position indicator with draghands for max. and min. position
13. Shaft for handcrank 14. Heater 50 W + optional 100 W (behind the panel) 15. (Option) Outlet with earth fault protector 16. Terminal blocks (behind the panel) 17. Protective motor switch 18. (Option) Thermostat or hygrostat for extra heater 100 W 19. Door-operated switch for lamp 20. Handcrank 21. Descriptions and circuit diagram
2 Inspection
1
2
3 4
5
6
18
19 20
21
22
7 8 9 10
11
12
13
14 15 16
17
23
24
Layout of motor-drive mechanism, type BUL 1. Position indicator with draghands for max. and min. position 2. Tap-change in progress indicator (Red = in progress, White = in position) 3. Counter 4. Outgoing shaft with multihole coupling half 5. Shaft for handcrank 6. Lifting eye 7. Locking device prepared for padlock 8. (Option) Multi position switches 9. (Option) Measuring amplifier 10. (Option) Switch for extra heater 11. (Option) Outlet 12. (Option) Earth fault protector (when outlet is installed)
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Emergency stop RAISE/LOWER switch LOCAL/REMOTE switch Protective motor switch Air vent Door operated switch for lamp Terminal blocks Hand lamp Heater 50 W + optional 100 W (Option) Thermostat or hygrostat for extra heater 100 W 23. Descriptions and circuit diagram 24. Handcrank
17
3 Overhaul
3 Overhaul The overhaul mainly consists of lifting and cleaning of the selector switch insert, checking of the selector switch and change-over selector (if any), checking of the transition resistors, checking of contacts and the motor-drive mechanism. WARNING Before any work is carried out on the on-load tap-changer: Make sure that the transformer is disconnected and that earthing is properly carried out. Obtain a signed certificate from the engineer in charge.
3.1 Required Tools and Materials Necessary for the overhaul, besides common hand tools, is the following equipment: ■■ Normal set of open end wrenches (metric, up to 18 mm) ■■ Normal set of sockets (metric, up to 18 mm) ■■ Allen socket, 5 and 6 mm ■■ Ratchet wrench handle with extension ■■ Normal set of screwdrivers ■■ Oil test equipment (for dielectric strength testing according to IEC 156), ■■ New transformer oil, volume according to section 3.3.3. The oil quality should be IEC 60296-LCSET -30° (former Class II). The oil should have an electrical withstand of at least 40 kV, measured in a 2.5 mm gap, according to IEC 60156. ■■ Clean and empty drums (for approximately 200 l) ■■ Bucket (10 l) ■■ Rags (non-fuzzying) ■■ Brush with extensible shaft (for cleaning of cylinder and selector switch shaft), see Appendix, Fig. A1 ■■ Spring balance (10 N) for checking of belt tension ■■ Megger (500 V) ■■ Set of spare contacts ■■ Guide for rollers, see Appendix, Fig. A6 ■■ Holding tool (for remounting of fixed contact blade and guiding when lowering the insert), see Appendix, Fig. A2 ■■ Screwing tool (for remounting of fixed contact blade), see Appendix, Fig. A3 ■■ Lifting and operating tool, see Appendix, Fig. A4 ■■ Lifting rig, see Appendix, Fig. A5
18
3 Overhaul
■■ Lifting jack (about 40 kg, 1.6 m lifting height) ■■ Protective gloves, oil-proof ■■ Hand lamp ■■ Ohmmeter (0.5-50 Ohm) ■■ Slide calliper ■■ Air pump with pressure gauge (0-200 kPa), connection to thread R1/8” male ■■ Oil for bearings ■■ Grease: GULF-718EP Synthetic grease, Mobilgrease 28, SHELL-Aero Shell Grease 22 or similar ■■ Watch, with hand for seconds ■■ Pen and paper and revision protocol
3.2 Procedure The overhaul procedure includes the following points: ■■ Oil draining and filtering ■■ Lifting and cleaning the selector switch housing and insert ■■ Checking fixed and moving contacts of the selector switch and change-over selector (if any) ■■ Checking the transition resistors ■■ Lowering the selector switch insert ■■ Checking the pressure-relay ■■ Lubrication of the drive shaft system ■■ Checking the motor-drive mechanism ■■ Oil filling ■■ Putting into operation
19
3 Overhaul
3.3 Preparations NOTE: If the on-load tap-changer is oil filled under atmospheric pressure, a waiting period of three hours is needed before energizing. To save outage time of the transformer, carry out all work on the on-load tap-changer and the oil filling before the maintenance of the motor-drive mechanism is started.
3.3.1 On-Load Tap-Changer Position Note the position of the on-load tap-changer to enable restart of the transformer in the right tap position.
3.3.2 Disconnection and Earthing of the Transformer WARNING Before starting any work in the on-load tap-changer the protective motor switch and the LOCAL/REMOTE switch must be set at 0. WARNING Before any work is carried out on the on-load tap-changer: Make sure that the transformer is disconnected and that earthing is properly carried out. Obtain a signed certificate from the engineer in charge. Operate the on-load tap-changer by the hand crank until the Maintenance position is reached. NOTE: The Maintenance position is marked on the rating plate.
3.3.3 Oil Volumes and Lifting Heights The necessary number of empty drums for collecting and filtering of the oil in the diverter switch housing should be kept ready. The drums must be carefully cleaned and free from water. New oil needed should be IEC 60296-LCSET -30° (former Class II). The oil should have an electrical withstand of at least 40 kV, measured in a 2.5 mm gap, according to IEC 60156. The oil should have a water content below 15 ppm and have been handled and stored according to IEC 60422 point 10. Quantity of oil in the on-load tap-changer and lifting height for insert UBB.N 200/... UBB.N 350/...
Approx. 100 kg
(lifting height 1.3 m)
UBB.T 200/... UBB.T 350/...
Approx. 125 kg
(lifting height 1.6 m)
NOTE: The volume of the oil conservator is not included.
20
3 Overhaul
Alternatively, the oil may be replaced by new oil and the used oil filtered at some later occasion. A certain quantity of new oil, approximately 40 kg, should be kept ready to replace waste oil and for cleaning. CAUTION Do not energize the transformer until oil has been filled as per section 3.18 ”Oil Filling” in this guide.
3.3.4 Recommended Set of Standard Spare Parts It is recommended to have a set of contacts for the selector switch available at the overhaul. See Fig. 3.
Moving contacts Fixed contact Socket screw
Locking washer
fm_00227
Fig. 3.
21
3 Overhaul
3.4 Oil Testing and Oil Draining The selector switch housing is equipped with an oil valve placed on the top section. For connection dimensions, see the dimension drawing for the on-load tap-changer. WARNING The oil in the on-load tap-changer may be hot. Be cautious! Take an oil-sample from the oil valve and carry out the dielectric strength test according to IEC 60156 (between spherical calottes, distance 2.5 mm). This test is carried out for deciding whether the oil can be filtered or must be exchanged. The dielectric strength of the oil should not be allowed to be less than 30 kV in the test above for an on-load tap-changer in service. For new oil or after filtering of the old oil, the dielectric strength must be at least 40 kV to be allowed for filling the tap-changer. NOTE: When taking the oil-sample, first drain some oil into a bucket to clean the valve. NOTE: If the on-load tap-changer is equipped with an oil filter unit for continuous oil filtration from ABB and it is maintained and operated according to our instructions, oil draining and filtering is not needed, provided that the dielectric strength is at least 40 kV measured in a gap according to IEC 60156. Use the filtering equipment or the pump to drain oil from the on-load tap-changer into carefully cleaned oil drum. Connect the pump to the oil valve and drain the oil from the selector switch housing and the conservator. (If the oil conservator of the on-load tap-changer is common with the oil conservator of the transformer tank, close the valve in the pipe connection to the oil conservator and open the oil valve. After a while, open the air release valve to the on-load tap-changer, see Fig. 2.) Pump until the oil flow stops. The oil level will then be about 300 mm below the cover. Draining can be effected quickly if filtering equipment is used and at the same time the whole oil quantity will be filtered once. WARNING There is always a cushion of explosive gases in the top of the on-load tap-changer. No open fire, hot surfaces or sparks may be present during opening of the housing or draining from the valve. After the cover is removed let the gas vent away approximately 15 min before any work is started. WARNING When oil that has been used in a on-load tap-changer is pumped out, conducting tubes and hoses that are earthed should be used to avoid the risk of explosion due to the gases produced by the arcs during service. Remove the top cover of the selector switch housing. See section 3.5.1. Put the hose from the pump down to the bottom of the selector switch housing and pump out the remaining oil.
22
3 Overhaul
3.5 Lifting and Cleaning the Selector Switch Insert 3.5.1 Dismantling the Top Cover of the On-Load Tap- Changer See Fig. 4. 1. Remove the connection to the oil conservator and pressure relay and other connections made. 2. Loosen the hose clips for the protective tubes on the bevel gears and push the tube from the bevel gear so that the coupling halves for the square shaft can be seen. 3. Loosen the bolts for the top cover. 4. Lift the cover carefully min 100 mm straight upwards before moving it in horizontal direction. Hold the shaft so it not will fall when the cover is lifted. Take away the shaft and store it temporary. Check that the driving disc on the lower side of the cover and the tightening surface not become damaged when storing the cover temporary. Protective tube Hose clip
Cover Bevel gear Top cover
Screw M6 A Coupling half Driving pin
Guiding pin Driving disc
Indicator window
A
A
Earthing symbol fm_00012
Key in the bevel gear
Fig. 4. 23
3 Overhaul
3.5.2 Removal of the Mechanism and Fixed Contact Blades Loosen the four M8-screws in the corners of the base plate and remove the mechanism, see Fig. 5. If the base plate is hard fitted it can be loosened by means of two M10x50 (or longer) screws. Mount the screws through the two clearance holes in the upper part of the selector switch, see Fig. 5. Tighten the screws and the base plate will be pressed upwards. Remove the screws immediately when the base plate with selector mechanism is removed.
Base plate for selector mechanism Four M8 Allen screws
The oblong hole of the position selector
Position selector for the change-over selector
Holes for M10x50 (or longer) screws
Fig. 5
24
fm_00228
3 Overhaul
Removed fixed contact blade
Current collector knob
Moving contact arm in maintenance position
fm_00242
Change-over contact in position
Fig. 6. UBB in position before removal of the switch insert. At 10-pitch, (the number of fixed contacts in one phase of the selector switch), remove the contact blade next to the current collector in each phase, see Fig. 6, if 12- or 14pitch removing of two contact blades in each phase is recommended. Proceed as follows: 1. Adjust the contact holder of the holding tool, for the actual contact (different contacts for 10-, 12-, 14-pitches). See 3.5.3 and Fig. A2. 2. Attach the holding tool on the contact blade in the upper phase. 3. Loosen the two M6-screws completely in the contact blade by using the screwing tool, see Fig. A3. 4. Lift both tools and the contact blade and the M6-screws. Store the blade and screws temporarily. 5. For the blades in the lower phases, repeat the steps 2-4 above.
25
3 Overhaul
3.5.3 Adjustment of the Holding Tool for Removal of Fixed Contacts See Fig 7. The plate spring must be adjusted to dimension B for the fixed contacts respectively (see the table below). Turn the adjusting screw clockwise to reduce and anticlockwise to increase the dimension B. If the adjusting according to above not is enough, bend carefully the plate spring to the right dimension. Use a spare contact blade to check the adjustment. Fixed contact for
Dimension B
10-pitches
41 +1/-0
12-pitches
36 +1/-0
14-pitches
31 +1/-0
B
Adjusting screw
Screw Contact
Washer Plate spring
Fig. 7.
26
(B)
fm_00021
3 Overhaul
3.5.4 Positioning of Selector Switch and Change-Over Selector before Lifting See Fig. 6. 1. Attach the lifting and operating tool, see Fig. A4, to the two M8-holes on the upper end of the selector switch. 2. Twist the tool clockwise until the moving contacts of the selector switch shaft have reached the position for the removed fixed contact blades and close to the current collectors. See Fig. 6. 3. Place the slot in the outer arm of the tool over the roller on the change over selector. 4. Twist the moving contacts of the change-over selector by means of the arm until they are between two fixed long contacts.
3.5.5 Lifting The selector switch insert (mass approximately 30 kg) can be lifted out of the cylinder by means of a lifting jack. As a holder for the lifting jack it is recommended to use a ”rig” similar to the one shown in Appendix, Fig. A5. 1. Couple the hook of the lifting jack to the lifting and operating tool and lift the insert carefully until the current collectors just leaved their knobs. 2. Twist the shaft so both the moving contacts and the current collectors are in the position for the removed fixed contact blades, see Fig. 8. 3. Lift carefully until the selector switch insert is completely removed from the selector switch cylinder. 4. The insert can be put down on two non-metallic (wood) supports. CAUTION Make sure that there always is clearance between the insert and the fixed contact blades, so no parts will be deformed or damaged.
27
3 Overhaul
Moving contact arm during lifting
Removed fixed contact blade Current collector during lifting
Current collector knob
Change over contact during lifting fm_00243
Fig. 8. UBB in position for lifting of the switch insert.
3.5.6 Cleaning Clean the selector switch insert as follows: 1. Remove all carbon deposits on the outside by brushing. Flush with clean oil. 2. Clean the inside of the selector switch shaft by putting in the brush from the bottom and moving it up and down during turning. Flush the inside with clean oil. Clean the selector switch cylinder: 1. Remove all carbon deposits with the brush moved up and down during turning. Flush with clean oil. 2. Remove the remaining oil on the cylinder bottom by using a non-fuzzying rag. Pick up rags from the bottom. NOTE: If the on-load tap-changer is equipped with an oil filter unit for continuous oil filtration from ABB and it is maintained and operated according to our instructions, the cleaning of the selector switch housing is very easy.
28
3 Overhaul
3.6 Oil Filtration The drained oil should be filtered until it is cleaned and has regained the high dielectric strength required. The break-down value for purified oil should be at least 40 kV measured in a 2.5 mm gap according to IEC 60156. To check the result of the filtering, take test sample during the oil filtration and after the oil has been filled into the on-load tap-changer. NOTE: If the on-load tap-changer is equipped with an oil filter unit for continuous oil filtration from ABB and it is maintained and operated according to our instructions, no further oil filtration should be necessary. Only take a sample and measure the dielectric strength of the oil, see section ”Oil Testing and Oil Draining” in this guide.
3.7 Checking of the Breather Check the breather according to the instructions for the transformer. WARNING The breathers and the tube from the conservator contain explosive gases. No open fire, hot surfaces or sparks may be present when removing the breather. If more than half of the drying agent has changed colour, it must be dried or replaced. The drying agent normally starts to change colour from the bottom of the breather. If it changes colour at the top of the breather, there is a leakage in the connections to the conservator. Locate the leakage and seal it.
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3.8 Checking Contacts 3.8.1 Moving Contacts NOTE: If the moving contacts are replaced, also replace any fixed contacts that are considerably worn, in order to minimize the wear of the new moving contacts. If the on-load tap-changer has only used a few positions during the period of operating, you may replace any worn contacts in these positions with unworn contacts from positions not used. Replace a moving contact when the diameter of its contact rollers is less than the diameters given in the table 1. Measure the diameter of each roller halfway between the roller ends. Compare the measurements of the most worn roller with the diameters given in table 1. See Fig. 9.
Measure the roller diameter (d) here
fm_00230
Fig. 9. Moving contact arm NOTE: If a contact is replaced, the comparision at the next revision shall start again with the value for Revision 1. Table 1. Contact minimum dimensions. Revision (According to recommendations on the rating plate)
Measure d (mm)
1
≤ 18.5
2
≤ 18
3
≤ 17.5
4
≤ 17
5
≤ 17
The base for the dimensions are, at the same service conditions in the future, the contacts are not likely to be worn out before next overhaul. CAUTION If the on-load tap-changer has exceeded 500 000 operations, the contacts must be replaced, due to weakening spring tension of the contacts.
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3.8.2 Fixed Contacts with Tips of Copper-Tungsten Check the degree of contact burning and establish which side is most worn. Then check, on the most worn side of the contact, which surface (upper or lower part) is least worn. Measure the wear on this surface 6 mm up on the tip, according to Fig. 10. The contact has to be loosened to make the measurement possible. a Measure the ”a” value at this point
Most worn side
Least worn surface
a 6 mm A
View A-A
b
A
Tip of Copper-Tungsten fm_00022
Fig. 10. Measure the wear of the contacts Replace the contact if worn beyond the limits stated in table 2. NOTE: If a contact is replaced, the comparison at next revision shall start again with the value for Revision 1. Table 2. Contact minimum dimensions. Revision (According to recommendations on the rating plate)
b=30 Measure a (mm)
b=24.5 Measure a (mm)
b=21.5 Measure a (mm)
1
≤ 3.5
(3.0)
≤ 3.5
(3.0)
≤ 4.0
(3.5)
2
≤ 3.5
(3.0)
≤ 3.5
(3.0)
≤ 4.0
(3.5)
3
≤ 2.5
(2.5)
≤ 2.5
(2.5)
≤ 3.0
(3.0)
4
≤ 2.0
(1.5)
≤ 2.0
(1.5)
≤ 2.5
(2.0)
5
≤ 1.5
(1.5)
≤ 1.5
(1.5)
≤ 2.0
(2.0)
The base for the dimensions are, at the same service conditions in the future, the contacts are not likely to be worn out before next overhaul. The values within brackets apply to situations of equal wear of the contact’s upper and lower surfaces (within ± 0.5 mm). As applicable, reinstall the old contacts or install new ones, according to instructions in section 4.2 Fixed Contacts.
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3 Overhaul
3.8.3 Fixed Contacts made of Copper Check the degree of contact burning and establish which side is most worn. Then check, on the most worn side of the contact, which surface (upper or lower part) is least worn. Measure the wear on this surface 18 mm up on the tip, according to Fig. 11. The contact has to be loosened to make the measurement possible. Replace the contact if worn beyond the limits stated in table 3. NOTE: If a contact is replaced, the comparison at next revision shall start again with the value for Revision 1. Table 3. Contact minimum dimensions. Revision (According to recommendations on the rating plate)
b=30.5 Measure a (mm)
b=25 Measure a (mm)
b=22 Measure a (mm)
1
≥ 5.5
(6.0)
≥ 5.5
(6.0)
≥ 4.0
(4.5)
2
≥ 6.0
(6.5)
≥ 6.0
(6.5)
≥ 4.5
(5.0)
3
≥ 6.5
(7.0)
≥ 6.5
(7.0)
≥ 5.0
(5.5)
4
≥ 7.0
(7.5)
≥ 7.0
(7.5)
≥ 5.5
(6.0)
5
≥ 7.5
(8.0)
≥ 7.5
(8.0)
≥ 6.0
(6.5)
The base for the dimensions are, at the same service conditions in the future, the contacts are not likely to be worn out before next overhaul. The values within brackets apply to situations of equal wear of the contact’s upper and lower surfaces (within ± 0.5 mm). As applicable, reinstall the old contacts or install new ones, according to instructions in section 4.2 Fixed Contacts. Least worn surface
a
View A–A Most worn side
A
A
18 fm_00023
a b
Fig. 11. Measure the wear of the contacts 32
3 Overhaul
3.9 Checking the Transition Resistors Connect one of the cables from the ohmmeter to one transition contact and the other cable to the moving main contact, in all phases as described above, then measure the resistance. Measure the resistance of each resistor and compare with values given on the rating plate. Check that the resistors are undamaged. The values may not differ by more than 10 percent. Check that the screw joints for contacts, resistors etc. have not worked loose.
3.10 Lowering the Selector Switch Insert See Fig. 8. 1. Check that no foreign objects, tools, rags etc. are left in the selector switch housing. 2. Put the guiding round-bar, see Fig. A2, carefully in the centre hole in the bottom of the selector switch housing. NOTE: The total length should be 1200 mm for UBB.N and 1500 mm for UBB.T. See also Fig. A2. 3. Attach the lifting and operating tool, (if removed), to the two M8 holes on the upper end of the selector switch. 4. Attach the lifting rig, see Fig. A5, on the flange of the selector switch housing. 5. Couple the lifting jack hook to the lifting and operating tool. 6. Before lowering, the moving contacts and the current collectors shall be positioned over the gap where the contact blades are removed and the moving contacts of change-over selector between two long fixed contacts. 7. Lower the insert carefully until the current collectors are a little bit above the current collector knobs. 8. Twist the insert carefully to the position with the current collectors exactly above the current collector knobs respectively. 9. Lower the insert carefully and check that all the current collectors have entered the knobs. If necessary push the current collectors with the screwing tool or similar. Check that the bottom part of the insert enters the bearing, if not adjust by lifting it. 10. Remove the lifting jack and lifting rig. 11. By means of the lifting and operating tool position the moving contacts of the change-over selector to the contact blades respectively. See Fig. 6. NOTE: The position of the roller. 12. Position, by means of the same tool, the moving contacts of the selector switch to the contact blades representing the Maintenance position, see Fig. 6. 33
3 Overhaul
13. Remove the lifting and operating tool. 14. Remove the guiding round bar. 15. Remount the contact blades in each phase using the two tools according to sections 3.5.2 and 3.5.3. Tightening torque 15 Nm. 16. Make sure that the sealing underneath and on top of the mechanism are in place, see Fig. 12. Remount the mechanism and tighten the four M8-screws in the corners of the base plate, see Fig. 5. NOTE: The driving pins in the top of the selector switch shall enter in the corresponding holes in the driving mechanism. NOTE: If it is an on-load tap-changer with change-over device, make sure that the roller on top of the change-over ring is engaged in the slot of the position selector under the gear base plate.
Fig. 12. Sealings 34
3 Overhaul
3.11 Mounting the Top Cover on the On-Load Tap-Changer See Fig. 4. 1. Check the O-ring in the groove in the flange. Grease the shaft ends of the bevel gears. See section 3.12. 2. Before mounting the top cover check that the position of the driving disc on the lower side of the cover is according to Fig. 4. Remove the cover of the bevel gear on the onload tap-changer top cover. 3. Lower the top cover straight down towards the flange. The guiding pin in the flange shall clear the hole in the cover. The horizontal shaft with the protective tube shall be remounted during the lowering. Open the cover of the gear box on the top cover of the on-load tap-changer. Check that the key on the vertical shaft in the bevel gear is facing the earthing symbol on the flange of the on-load tap-changer. See Fig. 4.
CAUTION The position of the driving disc must be according to Fig. 4 and the guiding pin must fit in the hole. 4. Check that the number, readable through the indicator window in the top cover, is the same as maintenance position and that the motor-drive mechanism has the same indicated position. 5. Mount the bolts for the top cover and tighten. 6. If drive shaft coupling has been dismantled: Mount the coupling halves to the square shaft and the shaft of the bevel gear. Tighten the screws light and check that the shaft not can be moved more than 2 mm in axial direction (axial play). Tighten the two screws A, (see Fig. 4) first and then the others. 7. Reconnect the pipe-hooks on the top cover to the flanges of the pipe to the oil conservator and the pressure relay. 8. Lubricate the bevel gear, see section 3.12 and reassemble the cover. 9. Reassemble the protective tubes with the hose clips.
CAUTION The motor-drive mechanism and on-load tap-changer shall have the same indicated tapposition. Check in the indicator window and the motor-drive mechanism.
3.12 Lubrication of the On-Load TapChanger and the Drive Shaft System The bevel gears are greased at delivery and the same type of grease is used for the couplings of the outer shaft system. For access to the couplings, loosen the hose-clips and push the protective tubes together. For access to the bevel gears, dismount the covers. WARNING The bevel gear contains moving gears. Be cautious! Rotating shafts. Be cautious!
WARNING
Check and lubricate with grease if necessary. Recommended types of grease are GULF-718 EP Synthetic Grease, Mobilgrease 28, Shell-Aero Shell Grease 22 or similar. Remount covers (make sure the gaskets are properly in place). 35
3 Overhaul
3.13 Checking the Pressure Relay 3.13.1 Functional Check of the Pressure Relay
Information plate Valve handle (in service position)
Quick coupling
Test tap (R 1/8”)
TC_00264
Fig. 13. Pressure relay
1. Set the valve handle to the test position as shown on the information plate. 2. Connect the air pump and the pressure gauge to the test tap on the pressure relay. (Thread R 1/8”). 3. Raise the pressure until the pressure relay trips the circuit breakers of the transformer. 4. Read the pressure on the manometer and check against the pressure stated on the information plate. Max. permitted deviation is ±10 %. If the deviation is greater, the pressure relay should be replaced. 5. Check that the signal disappears when the pressure is released. 6. After finishing the check, turn back the valve handle to service position.
3.13.2 Replacing the Pressure Relay If replacement of the pressure relay is necessary, it is carried out according to the instruction in 1ZSE 5492-130, Repair Guide for On-Load Tap-Changer, type UB.
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3 Overhaul
3.14 Checking of Motor-Drive Mechanisms types BUE and BUL The motor-drive mechanism should be checked and lubricated at the same time as the on-load tap-changer. The overhaul includes the following points: Before disconnecting the power supply: ■■ Motor protection function ■■ Earth fault protector (option) ■■ Counter function After disconnecting the power supply: ■■ Heater function ■■ Toothed belt ■■ Cable connections ■■ Disc brake function ■■ Position transmitter and other position switches ■■ Lubrication Reconnect the power supply and make operation tests according to section 3.15.
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3 Overhaul
Brake Brake disc Maintaining contact
Roll pin Supporting shaft Brake block Arm system Driving roller
Brake for maintaining contact Cam disc
One turn shaft
Toothed belt
Geneva wheel Position transmitter Contact plate
fm_00137
Motor
Fig. 14. Motor-drive mechanism, type BUE 38
3 Overhaul
Operation counter Roller
(Grease) Notch Cam disc
(Grease) Brake arm
Geneva wheel
Adjusting screw
Maintaining contact
Bracket Brake disc
Limit switch
Toothed belt
Multi-position switches
(Grease)
fm_00231
Fig. 15. Motor-drive mechanism, type BUL 39
3 Overhaul
3.14.1 Motor Protection Open the motor-drive cabinet door and turn the selector-switch to the LOCAL position. The function of the protective motor switch is checked. For three-phase AC motors, one of the phase fuses is removed and the function time of the protective motor switch is checked by a RAISE or LOWER operation. The protective motor switch shall release within 60 seconds at a current setting equal to the rated current of the motor at actual voltage. WARNING The motor power voltage is dangerous. If the protective motor switch do not trip within 60 seconds, switch off the power and adjust the current setting. Repeat the test when the motor is cold. Protective motor switches for DC motors and for single-phase AC motors are not tested.
3.14.2 Earth Fault Protector (option) If the motor-drive mechanism is equipped with an outlet, the earth fault protector should be tested by pressing the test knob on the outlet. (On BUL, the earth fault protector is separated from the outlet and the knob is on the protector).
3.14.3 Counter Check that the counter is functioning at RAISE and LOWER operations. Check that the position indicator increases (decreases) one step and the counter advances one step for each operation. Record the counter’s value. The counter shows the number of operations run by the on-load tap-changer.
3.14.4 Heater WARNING Before starting any work inside the motor-drive mechanism, the auxiliary power must be switched off. N.B. The motor, contactors and heating element may be energized from separate sources. Check by feeling with a finger that the heating element has been functioning.
3.14.5 Toothed Belt Check that the toothed belt is sufficiently tight. If tightening is required, adjust the motor support. The tightness of the belt can be checked by a spring balance attached to the belt halfway between the pulleys. At a 10 N load the belt should yield about 5 mm on BUE and at a 6 N load the belt should yield about 2 mm on BUL.
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3 Overhaul
3.14.6 Cable Connections Check that all cable connections within reach are secure.
3.14.7 Disc Brake, BUE Wipe the brake disc free from grease. The kinetic energy in the motor and the toothed wheels should be absorbed by the brake, and the motor-drive mechanism should stop, as shown in Fig. 16, with a tolerance of ± 25 degrees measured on the brake disc (± 125 degrees measured on the hand crank), see Fig. 16. This can be adjusted by tightening both of the spring bolts on the brake. Using the hand crank, operate the motor-drive mechanism until the brake is fully open. At this point the length of the springs must not be less than 35 mm. If the brake still does not function with that spring length, oil or grease has entered the brake linings, which will then need cleaning. Clean as follows: Using a pair of tongs, remove the roll pins that hold the supporting shafts on the brake blocks, see Fig. 14. Then remove the shaft and the brake blocks. Clean the brake linings on the two brake blocks with degreasing agent. When refitting the brake, check that the brake disc is completely free from grease. Adjust the spring force of the brake until the motor-drive mechanism stops within the tolerances given above. CAUTION If the motor-drive still not stops when the brake is adjusted to a spring length of 35 mm when the brake is fully open, please contact ABB for advisory.
Adjusting nuts
Brake disc
Red mark ±25° from mark on brake pad Red mark Brake pads
fm_00232
Fig. 16. Brake adjustment, type BUE
41
3 Overhaul
3.14.8 Brake for the Maintaining Contact, BUE Check that the brake for the maintaining contact prevents the arm system on the maintaining contact shaft from swinging beyond its normal position when the roller on the driving arm moves free from the cam disc, see Fig. 14. At the end of the operation, contacts for operation in the opposite direction shall not move when the arm system swings back towards its normal position. Unpermitted swinging should be prevented by raising the braking force, i. e. tightening the spring bolt. An adjusted increasing spring force on the disc brake makes the maintaining contact arm swing back with a different speed, and the brake for the maintaining contact must be adjusted.
3.14.9 Disc Brake, BUL Run the motor-drive mechanism and check that the centre of the notch in the cam disc stops within ±2 mm from the centre of the roller on the brake arm, see Fig. 17. If it does not stop within the tolerances, adjust the breaking force with the adjusting screw in the lower end of the brake arm. Loosen the contra nut. Tightening the screw (clockwise) makes the stop earlier and loosening the screw (anticlockwise) makes the stop later. Tighten the contra nut after the adjustment.
Roller on the brake arm in centre of the notch in the cam disc
Brake arm
Cam disc
Contra nut Adjusting screw fm_00225
Brake disc Min 15
Fig. 17. Brake adjustment, type BUL
CAUTION If the motor-drive still not stops when the brake is adjusted to min. 15 mm according to Fig. 17 please contact ABB for advisory.
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3 Overhaul
3.14.10 Position Transmitter and other Position Switches, BUE Clean the contact plates and arms (Fig. 18) from dust and dirt with a dry cloth. Check and adjust the resilience of the moving contacts in the multi-position switches. The moving contact shall, in all positions, have a clearance between the nut and the contact arm of 0.6–1.0 mm. Adjustment is made with the nuts on the contact. Contact arm
Moving contact Contact arm 0.8 ±0.2 mm
Geneva wheel
Contact plate A
A
Fixed contact
View A – A fm_00096
Fig. 18. Contact arm play
3.14.11 Position Transmitter and other Position Switches, BUL Check the contact function in all positions at both RAISE and LOWER operations. No adjustment of the contacts should be made. For replacement of a Position Switch see 1ZSE 5492-130, Repair Guide, On-Load Tap-Changer, type UB. If there is a lot of dust, it can be removed from the circuit cards and the transparent covers with a vacuum cleaner, without disassembling the multi-position switch. Transparent cover
Contact arm Circuit card
fm_00233
Fig. 19. Position transmitter, checking 43
3 Overhaul
Indicator window
999987 fm_00235
LOWER
POSITION
9 5
6
7
8
9 10 11
RAISE
12
4
–
13 14
+
Position indicator Adjustment nuts
Brake disc Red mark
fm_00240
Brake pads
Fig. 20. Starting contact, BUE
44
3 Overhaul
3.14.12 Starting contact, BUE Check that the contact timing is correct. There must be a 100° (±20°) difference between the maintaining contact and the starting contact. Place the motor-drive in its exact position according to Fig. 20. Operate manually 24 turns. In the very first beginning of turn 25, the maintaining contact is released and after 100° (±20°) more on the hand-crank the starting contact shall switch on again. If this sequence is not correct, the drive disc of the starting contact needs adjustment.
3.14.13 Lubrication, BUE See Fig. 21. The bearing points of the brake blocks and the links should be sparingly lubricated with oil. (Use oil for bearings.) The spur gears, the geneva wheel with the limit stop, the cam discs and the cam bar are sparingly lubricated with the same type of grease as for the shaft system when necessary. Other bearing points do not need lubrication. NOTE: Protect the brake disc and the brake linings against lubricants. Wipe off excess lubricant. Reconnect the power supplies.
3.14.14 Lubrication, BUL Lubrication is not needed at normal working conditions. All ball bearings have rubber seals and are permanently greased. All cam discs and some gears are made of selflubricating material. If needed, the bevel gears for the hand crank, the geneva wheels and the bevel gears for the position indicator might be sparingly lubricated with the same grease as the shaft system. See Fig. 15. Reconnect the power supplies.
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3 Overhaul
Grease Grease
Oil
Oil
Grease
Grease
NOTE: The small bevel gear for the position indicator shaft shall be greased.
Grease
Fig. 21. Lubrication points, BUE. 46
3 Overhaul
3.15 Operation Test To check that the shafts have been correctly assembled, the motor-drive mechanism should be placed in the exact position acc. to Fig. 16 or 17. Operate the tap-changer with the hand crank, counting the number of turns from the exact position until the tap-changer operates. The test is performed in both RAISE and LOWER directions. With BUL, the tap-changer should operate after 11.5 ±1 turns of the hand crank. With BUE, the tap-changer should operate after 19 ±1.5 turns of the hand crank. If not, one of the shaft couplings is mounted incorrectly. Operate the motor-drive mechanism, first one step manually using the hand crank, and then electrically to the position next to the end-position. Then operate manually to the end-position. Check the mechanical end-stop by trying to hand crank beyond the end-position. After a couple of turns you should reach the mechanical end-stop. Hand crank back to the end-position . When trying to operate electrically beyond the endposition, the motor should not start. Operate the motor-drive mechanism electrically to the position next to the other end-position and carry out the same procedure as above. Check the emergency stop by giving a RAISE or LOWER impulse and after about one second press the emergency stop. The operation should be interrupted. Reset the emergency stop by turning the knob clockwise and switch on the protective motor switch. The started operation should now be completed. Check the running-through protection with the step-by-step function disabled. This is done by first removing the connection between terminals X4:1 and X4:2 and then keep the RAISE/LOWER switch engaged. The motor-drive mechanism should stop before the fourth operation is completed. This checking must be done at least five steps from the end position. After the test reset the time relay by putting the LOCAL/REMOTE switch to 0 and then back. Reset the protective motor switch to ON. Remount the connection between X4:1 and X4:2. Check the step-by-step relay by keeping the RAISE/LOWER switch engaged in RAISE. The on-load tap-changer shall make only one step. Repeat the check in LOWER. Check the function of the position transmitter and other multi position switches in all positions.
3.16 Oil Filling 3.16.1 Filling Methods and Restrictions Oil filling can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. The wall between the diverter switch housing and the transformer tank is designed to withstand vacuum on one side and atmospheric pressure on the other side. It is not allowed to have vacuum on one side and the pressure of an oil column on the other side. The oil quality should be IEC 60296-LCSET -30° (former Class II). The oil must have an electrical withstand of at least 40 kV, measured in a 2.5 mm gap, according to IEC 60156. New oil should have a water content below 15 ppm and have been handled and stored according to IEC 60422 point 10. After maintenance oil is normally filled at atmospheric pressure. This procedure is described in section 3.16.3. If filling is to be carried out under vacuum, see 1ZSE 5492-118, Installation and Commissioning Guide for UB. 47
3 Overhaul
After oil filling, a gas cushion should remain on the top of the oil in the selector switch housing. The connection to the oil conservator is designed to automatically give a gas cushion when filling at atmospheric pressure. NOTE: If new oil, especially degassed oil, is filled into the selector switch housing and the number of operations is low, the gas cushion may be dissolved in the oil. The gas cushion should be restored according to section 3.16.5 ”Restoring the Gas Cushion” in this guide.
3.16.2 Before Filling NOTE: Oil filling may be carried out in different ways depending on what is convenient as long as the rules above are fulfilled and the on-load tap-changer is filled with oil to the correct level with a gas cushion on the top. The method below is recommended and if it is followed in detail no pressure limits are exceeded and oil levels and gas cushion will be correct.
3.16.3 Filling at Atmospheric Pressure See Fig. 2. 1. Close the air release valve 2. Open the conservator valve, if any. 3. Dismantle the breathing device on the conservator for the on-load tap-changer. 4. Pump oil into the selector switch housing via the oil valve (connection dimensions, see the dimension drawing for the on-load tap-changer). Continue until the conservator is filled to the correct level at the actual temperature. 5. Shut the oil valve and disconnect the pump. 6. Remount the breathing device. Make sure the connection to the breathing device is properly sealed.
3.16.4 Oil Level For correct oil level in the oil conservator, see the transformer documentation.
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3 Overhaul
3.16.5 Restoring the Gas Cushion WARNING Before any work is carried out on the on-load tap-changer: Make sure that the transformer is disconnected and that earthing is properly carried out. Obtain a signed certificate from the engineer in charge. If the on-load tap-changer has been filled with degassed oil and has a very low frequency of operation, the gas cushion may have been absorbed by the oil. To avoid fault trip by the pressure relay, the gas cushion should be restored. Proceed as follows: 1. Shut the conservator valve. 2. Connect a pump to the oil valve and start to suck out oil. Open the air vent to the on-load tap-changer and let air in. Stop the pumping after about 2 litres of oil has been sucked out from the on-load tap-changer. WARNING The oil in the selector switch housing may be hot. Be cautious! 3. Shut the air vent and the oil valve and disconnect the pump. 4. Open the conservator valve and an appropriate gas cushion will be formed. CAUTION To operate the on-load tap-changer with a too small or no gas cushion means a risk for a trip of the pressure relay. The procedure above is used for on-load tap-changers without oil filter unit for continuous oil filtration. In case the on-load tap-changer is equipped with an oil filter unit for continuous oil filtration from ABB, and it is installed according to our recommendations, follow the instructions in ”Oil filter unit for On-Load Tap-Changers, manual” for restoring the gas cushion. CAUTION Avoid to do the restoring in damp weather since moisture will get into the selector switch housing. If the restoring has to be done in such weather, the incoming air has to be dehydrated.
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3 Overhaul
3.16.6 Waiting Period CAUTION Do not energize the transformer earlier than three hours after oil filling in atmospheric pressure. This waiting period is needed to allow airbubbles to disappear.
3.17 Putting into Operation Operate the on-load tap-changer to the position noted in section 3.3.1. Put the LOCAL/REMOTE switch to REMOTE. Reset the drag hands. Make sure that no tools or foreign objects are left in the motor-drive mechanism cabinet. Close the door. Make sure that nothing is left on the transformer cover. Sign the revision protocol and give it to the engineer in charge and inform that the onload tap-changer is ready for energizing.
50
4 Contact Replacement
4 Contact Replacement CAUTION ABB recommends that only maintenance engineers with appropriate knowledge about the UBB selector switch carry out contact replacement. Check the wearing of the contacts as described in section 3.8. Replace worn out contacts. Replacing of contacts is described in the following sections.
B D (10 Nm) B (24.5 Nm)
Transition contact, unit 1
Main contact, unit 2 fm_00227
Transition contact, unit 3
C (10 Nm)
Fig. 22. Moving contact system design
4.1 Moving Contacts The two transition contact units and the main contact unit are delivered as assembled sets. When changing the moving contacts the whole units shall be replaced. At first the transition resistors shall be loosened, but not removed, by loosening two bolts (B), see Fig. 22.
51
5 Tap-changer in the transformer
Remove the complete transition contact unit 1 and 3 by unbolting the four bolts (C). The moving main contact unit 2 is removed by unbolting the two bolts (D). The new main contact unit and transition contact units are then remounted. Begin with the main contact. The transition contact units will be correctly positioned when the guide for the rollers according to Figs. 22 and A6 is used. All bolts should be tightened according to Fig. 22. It is not necessary to use a torque wrench. The torques (in brackets) are only guide values.
fm_00024
Fig. 23. Guide for the rollers
4.2 Fixed Contacts To remove the fixed contact blades you have to loosen the two socket screws. Use the holding tool to hold the blade and screws and the screwing tool to loosen screws. When mounting the new contact blades, the socket screws should be tightened with a torque of 15 Nm.
5 Tap-changer in the transformer 5.1 Resistance measurement If there are any problems with too high resistance during measurement of the transformer, the tap-changer should be operated 10 cycles over all positions to clean the contacts. Another cause for problems at resistance measurement may be too low measuring current. We recommend a measuring current of at least 50 A.
52
6 Specification of Materials
6 Specification of Materials 6.1 General This chapter specifies the materials used in the on-load tap-changer. On disposal of this product, it is recommended that local environmental regulations in each country are met. For environmental reasons, materials used are specified.
6.2 Selector Switch Housing Material
Amount
Steel
5 kg
Aluminium
45 kg
Copper and alloys
5 kg
Epoxy resin
30 kg
Epoxy resin
100-125 kg
6.3 Selector Switch Insert Material
Amount
Steel
5 kg
Aluminium
5 kg
Copper and alloys
10 kg
Silver
25-50 g
Tungsten
0-1.5 kg
Epoxy resin
12 kg
Polyphenylene sulfide resin
2 kg
Resistor wire (mainly copper and 2 kg nickel alloys with lesser amounts of aluminium and manganese)
6.4 Gearing Mechanism Material
Amount
Steel
8 kg
Aluminium
2.5 kg
Copper and alloys
2 kg
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6 Specification of Materials
6.5 Drive Shaft Systems Material
Amount
Steel
8 kg
Aluminium
2 kg
Brass
2 kg
Polyethylene
2 kg
6.6 Motor-Drive Mechanism Material
BUE Approx. amount
BUL Approx. amount
Steel
100–120 kg
55 kg
Aluminium and alloys
–
10 kg
Copper and alloys
5–10 kg
5 kg
Silver
10 g
10 g
x
x
Plastics: Chlorsulphonated polyethylene
x
polyamide with MoS2 phenol resin laminate
x
polyester
x
x
PVC
x
x
carbonate plastic
x
x
nitrile rubber
x
x
fluorine rubber
x
x
Rubbers:
CAUTION Materials listed in the table above without any specification of amount are included because they may cause pollution problems during de-commissioning, even in the small quantities used.
54
Appendix
Appendix. Tools
1350
Brush of bottle-cleaner type Material: plastic
fm_00025
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-L
Fig. A1. Brush
55
Appendix
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
1175 for UBB.N 1500 for UBB.T
Handle
1200 for UBB.N 1500 for UBB.T
Holding tool
fm_00026
For UBB delivered 2001 and earlier
Guiding round-bars
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-D
Fig. A2. Holding tool and guiding round-bar
56
For UBB delivered 2002 and later
Appendix
1400
fm_00027
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-E
Fig. A3. Screwing tool
57
Appendix
220
264 fm_00020
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-B
Fig. A4. Lifting and operating tool
58
Appendix
460
2050
fm_00028
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-C
Fig. A5. Lifting rig
59
Appendix
14 10-pitches 20
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-F
8 12-pitches 20
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-G
4.5
14-pitches 20
Catalogue no.: LL 117 016-H
fm_00029
Fig. A6. Guide for the rollers
60
ABB AB Components SE-771 80 Ludvika, Sweden Phone: +46 240 78 20 00 Fax: +46 240 121 57 E-Mail:
[email protected] www.abb.com/electricalcomponents
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