UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS FACULTY OF MEDICINE & SURGERY
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Anatomy: the science of the structure and function of the body Clinical Anatomy: the study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health science
Basic Anatomy: the study of the minimal amount of anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the body
I.
DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMIC TERMS A. TERMS RELATED TO POSITION
Anatomic Position: standing erect, upper limbs by the sides, face and palms directed forward 1. Median Sagittal Plane: Vertical plane passing through the center of the body 2. 3.
Division: right and left halves Paramedian: parallel planes situated to one side of the median plane Medial (adj.): structure situated nearer to the median plane of the body Lateral (adj.): structure situated farther from the median plane of the body
Coronal Planes: imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane Horizontal/ Traverse Planes: planes at right angles to both the median and coronal plane
Anterior (adj.): front of the body vs. Posterior (adj.): back of the body o Hand: Palmar vs. Dorsal o Foot: Plantar vs. Dorsal Proximal vs. Distal: describe relative distances Superficial vs. Deep: describe relative distances of structures from the surface of the body Superior (adj.): upper end of the body vs. Inferior (adj.): lower end of the body Internal vs. External: describe relative distances of structures from the organ/cavity’s center Ipsilateral (adj.): Same side of the body vs. Contralateral (adj.): opposite sides of the body Supine (adj.): body lying backwards vs. Prone (adj.): body lying face down
CLINICAL ANATOMY BY REGIONS, 9TH ED. (SNELL, 2012)
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS FACULTY OF MEDICINE & SURGERY
B. TERMS RELATED TO MOVEMENT
Joint: site where two or more bones come together 1.
2.
3.
Movement in the Sagittal Plane a. Flexion: usually an anterior movement (except for the knee) Lateral Flexion: movement of the trunk in the coronal plane b. Extension: usually a posterior movement of straightening the joint Movement in the Coronal Plane a. Abduction: movement of limb away from the midline b. Adduction: movement of limb toward the body Other movements: a. Rotation: movement of the body around its long axis Medial Rotation: movement in the anterior surface of the part facing medially Pronation of the Forearm: medial rotation in which the palm faces posteriorly Lateral Rotation: movement in the anterior surface of the part facing laterally Supination of the Forearm: lateral rotation in which the palm faces anteriorly b. Circumduction: combination of flexion + extension + abduction + adduction c. Movement of the Jaw (temporomandibular joints): Protraction: to move forward Retraction: to move backward d. Movement of the Foot: Inversion: sole faces the medial direction Eversion: sole faces the lateral direction
CLINICAL ANATOMY BY REGIONS, 9TH ED. (SNELL, 2012)
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS FACULTY OF MEDICINE & SURGERY II. BASIC STRUCTURES A. SKIN B. FASCIAE
C. MUSCLE D. JOINTS
E. LIGAMENTS F. BURSAE
G. SYNOVIAL SHEATH H. BLOOD VESSELS
I.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
J.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
K. MUCOUS MEMBRANES L. SEROUS MEMBRANES
M. BONE N. CARTILAGE
O. EFFECTS OF SEX, RACE AND AGE ON STRUCTURE
CLINICAL ANATOMY BY REGIONS, 9TH ED. (SNELL, 2012)
