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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AT LOS ANGELES
B H.
DLACKWELL DO
48 to 51
I
BkuAD 8TKK
SELECT LETTERS
TIPPOO SULTAN TO
VARIOUS
PUBLIC
FUNCTIONARIES.
SELECT LETTERS OF
TIPPOO SULTAN TO
VARIOUS PUBLIC FUNCTIONARIES: INCLUDING HIS
PRINCIPAL
MILITARY COMMANDERS; GOVERNORS OF FORTS AND PROVINCES; DIPLOMATIC AND COMMERCIAL AGENTS; 8^0. 8^0.
8^c.
TOGETHER WITH SOME ADDRESSED TO THE
TRIBUTARY CHIEFTAINS OF SHANOOR, KURNOOL, AND CANNANORE, AND
SUNDRY OTHER PERSONS.
ARRANGED
AND
TRANSLATED
BY
WILLIAM KIRKPATRICK, Colonel in the Service of the Honorable East-India
With
NOTES
and
OBSERVATIONS,
Compani/.
and an
APPENDIX, COKTAININe SEVERAI. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
JLonDon for Black, Parry, and Kingsbury, Booksellers to the Honorable East-Indi/^ Company, Leadenhall Street; and fur Sown Booth, Duke Street, Portland Place.
Printed
181L
London
:
P/iated by Cox, Son, and Baylis, Great Lincoln't-Itin-Fields.
Queeo
St teef,
T~uA3 > 0=
TO THE MOST NOBLE
RICHARD, MARaUIS WELLESLEY, KNIGHT OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER; ONE OF HIS MAJESTY'S PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES OF STATE; FORMERLY
,
GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF THE BRITISH POSSESSIONS,
a>
AND
»o o
CAPTAIN-GENERAL OF THE BRITISH FORCES, IN INDIA, Sfc. Sfc. Sfc. Sfc.
My
Lord; It
gracing the front of giving
it
the
is
my book
neither for the ostentatious
with an
apparent stamp of
illustrious
name, nor, by thus
your approbation, to
favourable reception with the public, that the present to your Lordship. offer
it
It
is
equally remote from
my
as a tribute of gratitude for former, or to
to future obligations.
The
first
of these objects
answered, and the latter could not, inadequate means.
It is
which has prompted me
in
it
promote
work
is
dedicated
intention, either to
employ
it
would
as a passport
be
but
feebly
justice,
and of
justice alone,
to your Lordship. I
6^
its
any degree, be advanced, by such
a principle of
to address
purpose of
am
DEDICATION.
ii
am
I
from the vanity or presumption of imagining, that the
far
name, on
this
occasion,
No, my Lord;
your Lordship.
to
flattering
your
of
introduction
I
can be in the
am
only anxious
avoid the manifest impropriety of which I should be guilty, to dedicate to any but your its
least
if
to
I were
Lordship, a Avork, which, in truth, owes,
existence to you.
This
who
is
no compliment,
my
know
it
does not
that
Lord, but a mere
historical fact
was your Lordship's
the
defeated,
Dominions which
in
hostile
India?
designs of
Who
is
Tippoo Sultan
ignorant, that
led to the rapid annihilation of the
whom we
its
measures which
against
the British
was those measures
most formidable power with
ever had to cope in that quarter
substituted in
it
of the globe, and which
place an order of things, redounding no less to the
glory, than conducing to the solid interests, of your country
To
for
sagacity
political
which penetrated, and your prompt and energetic
:
?
the complete success which, under Divine Providence, crowned
and vigorous conduct of your Lordship,
the wise
arduous
contest,
is
the
public
among
indebted,
in this
other
short but inestimable
advantages of the most important and durable nature, for the possession of
the archives
of Seringapatam.
To whom,
work, compiled from those archives, be so as to tain
him who procured us
therefore, can a
appropriately
addressed,
access to whatever information they con-
?
Having
thus, I presume,
satisfactorily
pubUc claim to the present humble
established
tribute,
it
your Lordship's
only remains for
me
to
shew.
DED shew, that you possess private nature,
following sheets
is
:
still
r C
AT
another
equally imperative for
if
I
title
anticipated
me
lU
to
that tribute would
as the compiler of
have been
who might have
documents composing
in the publication
which though of a
it,
upon me,
Lordship from any person whatsoever, tained possession of the
O N.
of them,
this
due
your
to
casually ob-
work, and have
how much more
your
is
Lordship entitled to receive such an acknowledgement from one, is,
the
in fact, indebted for his materials to the official situations in
who
which
he had the honor of being employed under your Lordship's administration in India
?
I have the
With
honor to be, the highest respect,
My lord. Your Lordship's most ohedient and most
faithful servant,
WILLIAM KIRKPATRICK.
Exeter, \st
February, 1811.
ADVERTISEMENT.
It
.
is
alreadi/ generally
known, that upon the reduction of Serhgapatam, in
the year 1/99, «^^ t^^ public records
of
the then existing
passed into the possession of the captors. that
many of
destroyed, assault
of
in
the fort
:
nor
It is also, however, but too certain,
were accidentally bumf, or otherwise
these precious documents
the confusion
Government of Mysore
and disorder which
improbable, that some portion
is it
ensued upon the
tinavoidably
of them has
disap-
peared, in consequence of falling, on the same occasion, into the liands of private persons, ignorant
Mut
tvhatever loss
tlieless,
owing
of the
may
value,
and
indifferent to the preservation
have arisen frorn the
to the active care,
and
several of the most important of the
rescuedfrom oblivion
from which
;
and,
among
mentioned cause,
intelligent research,
of an
if
is,
never-
individual, 'that
Mysore papers, now remaining, have been
the rest, the very Register
of public Letters,
the correspondence, contained in the present volume, has been extracted.
The gentleman here alluded Compafiy's
last
their prize.
of
to
is
Madras Establishment,*
Lieutenant-Colonel Ogg, of the East-India to wliose
Mndness the Translator
is
indebted
for the chief part of the interestijig ynaterials relative to Tippoo Sultan, of which
he
Of
is in possession.
h • Lieutenant-Colonel (then Captain) situation
under Viscount Wellington,
Ogg
at that
held, at
time
the period in question, an
Commandant
of Seringapatam.
official
ADVERTISEMENT.
vi
Of
the state papers discovered at Seringapat am,
immediately after the capture
of that place, many have been already communicated official
to
the Public,
through
Those, in particular, which served to develope the
and other channels.*
more recent intrigues of Tippoo Sultan with the enemies of Great-Britain, were jmblished, soon after his overthrow, by authority
India, and subsequently in this country.
documents was draivn
Marquis
lated,
at
report of the general nature
an early period, in pursuance of
of
directions
by the present writer, who had been employed
PVellesley,
them, and
tip,
A
of the Supreme Government of
to
these
from
examine
suggested, at the time, the expediency of having the whole trans^
who
preparatory
of the public-^
to
a proper selection being made from them, for the information
The great pressure of
business in
the
Persian Department,
prevented, however, the adoption of this recommendation, whenfirst submitted to
and the same cause has probably continued
the Governor General; the disappointment
on the occasion.
of
By
the expectation which
may
presumed
to
Imve been excited
none can this disappointment be more severely felt or regret-
than by the compiler of these sheets, who
ted,
be
to operate, to
is too ivell
acquainted with the
eminent talents of the gentleman% then at the head of the Persian Office in Bengal, not to appreciate duly the heavy loss sustained by the literary world at large, but
more
especially by such as are
fond of enquiries
into the
Modern History of India,
in consequence of his having been precluded, by his official avocations,
tahing the task alluded
But
it
may
to.
perhaps, be permitted us to hope,
still,
absolutely relinquished
;
from under-
ami that some portion, at
tliat this object
least,
has not been
of the extensive and valuable
* Vide Asiatic Register for 1799, and Lieutenant-Colonel Beatson's "
' and Conduct
of the
War
t Tiic substance of
witli
the report, here referred to,
Beatson's publication. X
N. B. Edmondstone, Esq.
View
of the Origin
Tippoo Sultan."
may
he seen at page 179 of Colonel
ADVERTISEMENT.
Vll
valuable docu)nents, enumerated in the report just referred period, be submitted to the public eye, which, in the
with indulgence, the present specimen of the
mean
materials, (or, rather, such
of other docuynents
The remaining
view
of that report.
Cf those
of Tippoo Sultan,
letters
in the writer's possession, would, after due
furnish abundant matter for another volume
selection,
may possibly
while,
of them as have reached the Translator's hands) the
fbllotving sheets constitute only a part. to say nothing
at no distant
hut equally curious and
less copious,
interesting materials, discoi^ered subsequently to the date
may
to,
but enough, probably,
:
here done, for the immediate gratification of the public curiosity. the reception given to the present work,
and on the
state
whether he shall hereafter attempt a continuation of
It 7nust rest on
of the Translator's
However
it.
is
this
health,
may
be,
as
the other materials, alluded to, have no necessary dependence, either upon those
employed in the ensuing pages, or upon one another, the reader or purchaser
The Translator a period
probably have reaso7i to
mate7'ials
7'esuli to
their separate publication.
to intci'venc, betwee/i the publicatio7i
of the
sition
icill
from
inconvenience ca7i
7io
7'egref,
of the prcse/if vohane
which principally compose
excited a stro77ger interest than
it
that he has allowed so lo7ig
If would,
it.
can now be hoped
to do,
if
it
a7id his acquis
7io
doubt, have
had appeared,
while the public curiosity, tvith regard to whatever related to Tippoo Sultan, was still
eager,
recent.
and
But
ivhile the
various coxunistances, with ivhich
Reader, coynbl/ied
from
niemory of the events connected with his name was yet
to preve7it the
Translator,
it
fill
is
unnecessary to trouble the
ivithin
the last twelve7no7ith,
tmdei-fahing to arrange the documents in his possession for the press.
only 7nention one
that during the ivhole
He
of the intermediate
time,
he ivas constantly in expectation that the work in his contemplation (for he
co)i'
loill
;
fesses to have always had
ivhich
it
in
is,
view) would be a7iticipatedfro7n sonie other quarter.
Not withstanding.
ADVERTISEMENT,
Vlll
Noticithstandhig, however, the unfavourable effect, hut too likely to be produced
by the delay which has occurred, the Translator
is
willing to flatter himself, that,
even at this late period, the attempt to illustrate a character, so conspicuous in
modern days as that of Tippoo Sultan, and closely connected, as those
in India, is in little
or utility.
In
this
of his reign
to
throw light on transactions, so
are, with the history
danger of being deemed entirely
of the British Empire
destitute, either
of
interest
humble confidence are the following sheets noiv presented
to the
Public, whose Judgmejit concerning them will be aivaited by the Translator with no inconsiderable anxiety.
PREFACE. The
Register from which the following letters have been taken, and
which has been cursorily noticed only, of
a record, which,
if it
had reached us
probably have exhibited copies of of
in the Advertisement,
all
in
the public or
is
the fragment,
a perfect official
Tippoo Sultan, from the commencement to the
would
state,
correspondence
close of his reign.
Unfortunately, however, the portion of these highiy interesting docu-
ments which has been preserved,
or, at least, hitherto discovered, is not
so extensive as could have been wished; the correspondence, in question,
not beginning
February 1785, and ending with November 1793.
till
even in this period, considerable chasms occur; 1799, of
is
little
In short, we are, at present,
an absolute blank.
more than a
while, from
third part of the correspondence,
But,
1794
to
in possession
which may
rea-^
sonably be supposed to have taken place within the time spoken of: in
which account, however,
I
do not include such detached
Sultan as have come to us through other channels, and
all
letters
of the
of which are
of a subsequent date to the latest of those recorded in the Register.
But whatever cause we may have present materials,
we ought
our
to regret the actual deficiency of
not, perhaps,
absolutely to despair of
being yet supplied by the successful diligence of future enquirers.
its
Ad-
verting to the extreme regularity observed by the Sultan in the registry
of his
official
tence of the
correspondence,
now
little
missing" part of
it,
doubt can be entertained of the exisat the time of his death.
Supposing.
PREFACE.
X
was stated
therefore, to have escaped the destruction, which, as
it,
the Advertisement, swept away but too
vernment,
possible, that
it is still
hands into which
has probably
it
the portion actually preserved,
by the
it
may be
fallen. is
many of
the archives of his go-
recovered, out of the private
In the mean while, the value of
not, perhaps,
essentially diminished,
Enough
appears to have been sustained.
loss that
in
remains,
if
not
to elucidate every transaction of the Sulia7is reign, at least to develope his singular character in the
of these
most satisfactory manner.
indeed, does not consist so
letters,
much
The importance which they
in the light
are calculated to shed on several material occurrences of the period they
found a useful
relate to (though, in this respect, they will certainly be
guide to the future historian of 3ft/sore) as in the vivid illustration which they afford of the genius, talents, and disposition of their extraordinary author, his
own
who
is
here successively and repeatedly delineated, in colors from
pencil, as the cruel
;
the sanguinary tyrant
and capricious Innovator trader
;
relentless
enemy
;
the intolerant bigot or
the oppressive and unjust ruler;
furious fanatic;
master
and
and even the
the
;
retail
;
Is
his
the perfidious negociator
shop-keeper. traits
The
the frivolous
;
mean and minute economist
of overcharging the unfavorable that that picture
the harsh and rigid
the peddling
;
painter will not be suspected
of the picture,
when
it Is
considered
own.
In making the present selection from about a thousand
have
letters,* I
confined myself, almost entirely, to such as either appeared to exhibit the
Sullan in some
new
light
;
to unfold
some of
his political,
connncrcial views; or to elucidate some historical fact.
merely related to the details of ordinary business, without
financial, or
Those which eliciting
thing peculiarly characteristic of the writer, have been passed over.
have also judged
it
any I
unnecessary to insert any part of the Sultans cor-
respondence * Tlic Rcgibtcr comprises altogether about two thousand letters
not yet arrainged above
halt'.
;
of wliieh
number
I
have
PREFACB.
Xi
respondence with the several British Governors of India, as most ot these
documents are aheady I will
now
proceed to give some account of the rules, by which I have,
been guided in the course of the present translation.
in general,
My
PubHc.
in the possession of the
principal object,
in this
work,
likeness of Tippoo, as the nature of
being to present as striking a
my
materials,
and the extent of
employ them advantageously, would admit,
ability to
tial to this
end, to render his sentiments, on
all
thought
I
my
essen-
it
occasions, as closely as
the different idioms of the two languages would allow, without involving
In short, what I wished, but cannot
the sense in difficulty or obscurity.
have attained,
liope to
is,
that the reader, losing sight entirely of the
translator, should fancy himself in presence of the Suliun, listening to the
w hile
latter,
dictating to one or other of the different secretaries by
whom
he was usually attended. Proceeding on
this principle, I have, for the
to the phraseology or diction of
strictly
deemed necessary, or expedient, and
I
am ready
to admit, that
my
in translations
my
most part, adhered more original,
than
is
usually
from a foreign language
unwillingness to relinquish the slightest
turn of expression, appearing particularly to denote the feeling which suggested
it,
translation
is
may have sometimes
led
me
not absolutely a verbal one
;
too far.
Still,
however,
my
since I have not scrupled to
exercise a certain license, as often as either our language could not be easily bent to the
from the attempt.
form of the Persian, or ambiguity was
There
are, indeed,
two
points, in
likely to result
which
I
acknow-
ledge to have uniformly deviated from the strict letter of the original, and
on which
it
may
not be improper, in this place, to submit a few obser-
vations to the notice of the Reader.
One letters
of the points alluded to consists almost constantly use the
himself
:
but though
it is
first
my making
the writer of these
person plural,
when speaking of
in
true, that the precise words, corresponding to
b
2
we.
PREFACE.
Jill
wcj our, and
us,
are not employed by the Sultan, yet are the
which nothing
entirely agreeable to the genius of the language, in
more common than the it
In these
however,
letters,
is
of the plural for the singular
substitution
be that of the third for both the
pronouns, unless
latter
the pronoun of the
first
whether
person,
first
singular or plural, scarcely ever occurs,f the words
and second.*
Hiizoor (Pre-
j^.^^-
sence), and jly. Sircar (state or government), being eveiy where used instead of them.
As, therefoie, the perpetual recurrence of such terms
would have had a very awkward appearance
in English, if
would
it
not,
have sometimes embarrassed the sense, I did not hesitate at con-
also,
verting them generally into pronouns. justification of the liberty I
may be
It
with the usage of the East,
in perfect conformity
is
also the best suited to the
is
it
nature of the chief part of the
letters,
and
to the actual
mandatory
rank of the
In a few instances, Avhere the persons addressed are of a
writer.
in
have taken, that while, on the one hand, the
of majesty, thus assigned to the Sullan,
style
further urged,
differ-
ent description from the generality of his correspondents, I have judged right to
it
make
more or
the Sultan descend (as, indeed, he
less
does
himself in the original) to the customary style of equality.
The second
point, in
which
I
have ventured to depart pretty constantly
from the manuscript, respects the Instead of the perfect,
person. letters
preceding one does the
tense, as the
or preterpluperfect tense, in which the
of his correspondents are always spoken of by the Sultan, I have adopted,
* Thus the third person verb accordingly) A3l
I..
(i.e.
1)
t_-0UrT'3 tliird
t
^^L IS
or
letters.
fj^,ji^
very commonly put for both the
phrases as the following
Ji
^j)>ijj\
'.-UjZJ
or
sciUed in expectation of their,
^J^\
:
i.e.
,
,\_ v ,
"
-^
Vi.-
•-
this
or that friend'' s
and second (governing
first
^
.1
v-
-
-
side,
(i. e.
-j
^
,
tlie
or j^,Asc* or k_.jUi^'/
or
your)
person, arrival."
or friend,
Where,
&c. standing for the pronoun of the third person, takes the verb accordingly
person v.^-. I
in sucli
is
in tlie
'"i
bave not met with more than two or three instances in the course of the follouing
Xm
PREFACE.
adopted, as more agreeable to the idiom of our language, the use of the present and
compound
preterite
thus, for
:
you), ov you wrote, I have put, you
rendered
passed
t::.^j^^j\
under
teas
ivritten
In the same manner
ivrite.
vieiv,
it
Jjj izJ:>y
has
by,
I
under
passed
(by
have
CowJ
view;* and so in other similar cases.
With other,
the exceptions which have been stated, and scarcely with any
my
general rule has been, to retain, as nearly as possible, every
word and thought, that seemed
mark, in any prominent degree, the
to
peculiar cast of the writer's mind.
Tippoo Sultan, indeed, rarely took up
some
recess or other of his various
and
his pen, without
irreg;ular
its
He
mind.
laying open
seldom issues
an order, that does not bespeak, either the general tone of his nature, or the particular
iui pulse
of the moment.
He
seems to have
tation in avowing, in the course of the letters flagitious sentiments
;
and
this
may
or on both, of these principles.
which
no
hesi-
follow, the
most
felt
be accounted for on one or other,
The
letters being, in
the
first
place,
addressed, with few exceptions, to persons in absolute dependence on
him, he consequently would be wholly free from that sort of reserve,
which world.
arises
from the fear of incurring the censure or reproach of the
He knew
his will to be a
law, the propriety of which, as
it
might concern others, would never be canvassed or doubted bv any of his slaves. ([uestion,
In the next place, he probably measured the sentiments in
by a different standard from that with which we estimate them.
Thus, the various murders and acts of treachery, which we see him directing to be carried into execution, were not criminal, but, on the
contrary,
most
just,
and even meritorious,
likely did, in
cruel
liavc
To
and sanguinary
avoid tiring
his
eyes.
They might, and
a great degree, proceed from a disposition naturally :
but,
perhaps, an intolerant religious zeal and
c *
in
tlic
eye or
sometimes substituted,
tlie
car,
by
in its place, tlic
bigotry
the perpetual recurrence of this mctapiior, I simple phrase, /las been rcecixed.
PREFACE.
xlv
bigotry were not less active motives to them. that
was not necessary
it
to keep faith with infidels, or the enemies of
the true religion, in which class
himself that co-operate
Avas right to
it
in, his
words, for his
include
his
own
warranted, religion,
who
all
Hence
aggrandisement. less
With regard
him
for
opposed,
faith,
it
to persuade
or refused to ;
or, in other
was, that our
Musulman
obnoxious to his hatred and ven-
to the secret
dreadful slaughter of the
forcible conversion of so
Mahonuuedan
difficult
views, for the extension of that religion
geance than ouiselves. prisoners,
was not
it
and subjects were scarcely
allies
The Kormi taught him,
murder of
his
English
Koorgs and Nairs, and
many thousands of
his
the two latter tribes to the
he most probably thought such enormities no
less
both by the example and precepts of the founder of his
than the infraction of oaths and engagements in transactions
with unbelievers. It
be thought, that admitting the propriety of a close adherence,
may
a work of the peculiar nature of the
in general,
to the original of
present,
there was no necessity for retaining, so scrupulously as I
still
may seem
to
have done,
matter and expression.
its
numerous pleonasms and
With
respect, however, to the
defects, (namely, the perpetual reiteration of the
tion) I confess I did not
tautologies, both in
deem
former of these
same opinion or
right to retrench superfluities,
it
did not appear as such to their author
;
direc-
which
who, though he undoubtedly
too often wearies us with a repetition of the same thing, might, nevertheless, in so doing,
have had
zeal of his servants
and where the
from
this cause,
it
:
at least
it
in
view to stimulate the diligence and
fault
may
marks an earnest
not seem to have proceeded solicitude of
mind, for the
accomplishment of the objects so incessantly impressed on the attention of the persons addressed.
more
These observations
will
especially apphcable to the letters written to
to Biirhanuddecn,
and
to the diplomatic agents at
be found, perhaps,
Kumriiddeen Khan,
Poonah.
With
PREFACE. With regard
to the
mere verbal
XV
tautologies, 1
am
ready to admit that
they might have been considerably abridged, without any injury to the
general sense of the original, and certainly with advantage to the
As, however, they appeared to me, in racteristic of the genius
occasions, thought
somewhat
at the
it
many
and temper of the
them
right to preserve
expence of good
taste
and
style.
instances, strongly cha-
writer,
on such
have,
I
though
in the translation,
On
brevity.
the other hand,
where the perpetual recurrence of an unmeaning form of
would
sj)eech
have become grating to the ear, or tiresome to the eye, I have not scrupled to vary
occasionally.
it
I shall be found to have exercised this
Hberty most frequently in the introductory part of these instead of " your humble address has passed under view,
letters,
and the circum-
stances set forth therein are manifest, or dull/ comprehended,
which, or similar words, they usually begin,
I
and then, only, for the sake of
cuitous phraseology of the original.
variety, I
On
more
spirit into
deviated intentionally from
my
with
letter referred to.
have retained the
the whole, however,
where, for the mere sake of improving the general tion, or of infusing
§"."
have generally contented
myself with a simple notification of the receipt of the
Now
where,
cir-
I have
no
style of the transla-
any particular passage or expression,
manuscript, of which
my
endeavour has
been to give as faithful a version as was compatible with a due regard to perspicuity.
If I have not always succeeded in this object,
that the failure should, for the most part, be attributed to
At the same
time, I
will believe, that
it
owe
it
to myself to observe,
and
I
am
willing
my incompetency. trust
my
readers
has sometimes proceeded entirely from the obscurity
of the original, occasioned either by the carelessness of
my
author, or by
the errors of transcribers.
Notwithstanding the few redundancies of as pervading the following letters, tainly brevity,
style
which have been noticed
their general characteristic
is
cer-
which, perhaps, might proceed, in some degree, from a c 2
notion
PREFACE.
XVI
notion of the writer, that the laconic
manner was the one
best suited to
the authoritative nature of his dispatches, as well as to the relative situation of the persons to
whom they were chiefly addressed.
It
was
certainly,
too, well adapted, if not absolutely necessary, to the purpose of
had
one who
pen for ever in his hand, and who himself (whether from inclina-
his
tion, or
from an universal distrust of
whom
all
he employed, or from a
passion to be thought, not only the jjrincipal, but the sole originator, of
every thing) directed, either by writing or orally, the most minute details
of his government.
Such a one could not have had
leisure to
letters,
had they been necessary; which, however, would
But be
this as
it
compose long
rarely be the case.
might, the Sultan does not appear to have possessed a
sufficient stretch of
thought upon any subject (even those that he most
deliohted in or affected) to enable
him
to discuss
it,
A consecutive train of argument
force or precision.
he no where seems to have had an idea
:
yet
either with logical
was a thing of which
some of the occasions, on
which he wrote or dictated, certainly afforded ample scope for the display His writings, however, furnish as
of the reasoning faculty.
little
Even
of his having possessed this faculty, as his actions in general did. in his
own Memoirs, which he
forty,
we meet with nothing
not even write with
dums no
facility.
did not begin to compose
abound
in
relating to the question,
accompany the hostage unintelligible, in
he was past
indicating capacity of any kind.
This
in his hand-writing, Avhich,
difficulty,
till
is
clearly
proof
He
did
shewn, by various memoran-
though very
short,
erasures and corrections.
and on subjects of
One,
in particular,
whether Major Doveton should be allowed to princes,
on
their return
from Madras
?
is
nearly
consequence of the interlineations which disfigure, and
the general confusion of ideas and dates which pervades
it.
As
this cu-
rious document, besides serving to establish the truth of the position just
advanced,
is,
in
some other
respects, extremely interesting, the Persian
reader
PREFACE. may
reader
not be displeased to see a fac simile of
engraved for
this
which has been
it,
work, and forms Appendix A.
Ahhougli the authenticity of these by the most
XVIl
sceptical, yet the reader
letters will hardly
may
be disputed, even
hesitate to believe, that, with
the exception, perhaps, of those addressed to the
Emperor of Hindostan
(the late
Shah Allum), and a few others of the more elaborate or
kind,
any of them may be so considered, they were either dictated by
if
the Sultan, or actually proceeded from his pen.
Nor, indeed, does
notion admit, at present, of any direct or positive proof. only can be contended for
;
and
finished
Its probability
and abrupt
style, their
Their
commanding' and peremptory tone, and
the asperity of language which distinguishes so dantly indicate their origin.
from
that, I think, sufficiently deducible
the internal evidence aftbrded by these documents themselves. laconic
this
No
many of them,
Mitnshy, or secretary,
be reasonably supposed to have drafted such letters; labour attending the composition or dictation of so
sometimes appear under the same date,
it
all
aijun-
in short,
can
while, as to the
many
dispatches, as
will scarcely be
thought to
constitute any objection to the present hypothesis, in the case of one so
addicted to writing, and so indefatigable in business, aS the Sultaji was.
To
return from this digression, to the account I proposed giving of the
The
plan of the following translation. are of two kinils
:
notes which I have annexed to
those merely explanatory of a single word,
or referring to other letters, or relating to dates,
the page.
When, on
suggested to
me any
the other hand,
reflections, to
attention, I have, instead of
a[)j)ear at
a particular
which
I
it
or phrase,
the bottom of
letter or
passage has
wished to draw the reader's
encumbering the page with
then), placed
them
of " Observations," at the end of the letter giving rise
under the
title
to them.
Upon
this
conmientary,
have taken occasion to engraft,
if I
may
so call those observations, I
besides other original matter, a con-
siderable portion of a highly interesting manuscript, purporting to be a
Memoir
PREFACE.
XVlll
Memoir of Tippoo
Sultan, written by himself.
This curious document
was among the numerous papers discovered by Colonel Ogg. with which that gentleman favored i. e.
me was
entitled
the Khodddddi/ Annals, or History of the
work was, from the beginning,
down
being brought
rattah war, or the
rendered
to
no
Tareekhe Kliodddddtf
Khoddddd
an imperfect
later a period
state
The
Sircar.
the
;
narrative
Mah-
than the termination of the
month of February 1787- JMy copy, however, has been
occasioned the destruction of several leaves of evidently formed, as far as
it
which
by an unfortunate accident,
more incomplete,
still
in
The copy
it.
The
original
Memoir
went, the ground- work of the more diffuse
and elaborate history of Zynul Aabideen Shoostry, mentioned by Colonel Wilks, and called by
its
" Sultan of History."
author, in allusion to his master's name, " the I
am
not enabled to say, whether the copy of
Ogg was
the fragment found by Colonel
maybe,
the Sultan: but, however this
doubt can be entertained of
its
in the actual hand-writing
I venture to think, that
of
no just
genuineness. It was discovered in the palace
of the Sultan, and along with other documents of unquestioned authen-
The
ticity.
style
It is written
claim to credit. it
states
some
and matter of
facts
it,
moreover, abundantly support
throughout in the
spirit,
who may wish to judge on so,
and while
;
with the original of the following
letters,
in question
will
;
distin-
scholar,
this point for himself, will
by inspecting the manuscript
every
it
which so strongly
The Persian
guishes almost every production of his pen.
power to do
person
which could be known only to the Sultan,
where breathes the same over-weening
ever,
fii-st
its
have
it
howin his
which, together
be deposited in the East-
India Company's Library.*
Such *
Thouo-h the
Sidtari's
own account
of his operations against General Matthews, in Bid-
nore, and of the subsequent siege of Mangidorc, belongs to a period antecedent to tlie commencement of the following correspondence, and could not conveniently be incorporated
manner that great part of too curious andinteresting a document lo be omitted
witli the it
Observations, in
fore given a translation of
tlic
it
in article B. of the
his in
Memoirs has been,
I
have tiiought
the present woii;, and iiave there-
Appendix.
PREFACE. Such technical terms (and ments) as fidelity
names of
my interpretation,
have retained
I
in the original,
by the way of notes, the best explanation of them I
may add
offices
and employ-
could not render into English, with perfect reliance on the
I
of
especially the
XIX
here, that
whenever
in
and subjoined,
my power
have been in any doubt, with respect to
I
the sense of a particular word or phrase, I have usually noticed ing, at the
same time, the
to give.
interpretation that seemed to
me
it,
offer-
to be nearest
the truth, and not unfrequently putting the original Persian at the bottom
Where
of the page.
the meaning, on the other hand, owing to some
error in the manuscript,
my
or to
inexplicable, I have thought
it
insufficiency,
has a])pcared utterly
best to pass over the unintelligible part
altogether, but never without announcing the omission.
This seems the proper place for apprizing the reader, that the words enclosed in hooks, or crotchets, are not strictly warranted by the original, but
have been supplied,
in order to
complete the sense, and prevent
the obscurity which their omission would have been liable to produce for,
may
however
diffuse or
exuberant the usual style of Persian composition
that language abounds in phrases and
be,
which, owing to their concise structure, leave
and which can be rendered
intelligible
in
modes of expression,
much
to be understood,
English, only by such means
as I have occasionally adopted. I could
have wished
it
had been
geography of the present work, been done.
In
fact, I
in
in
my power
a more satisfactory manner than has
have been enabled to afford the reader
additional information on this subject, in aid of
from the
latest
to have elucidated the
maps of Mysore, of which
what
is
my
difficulty,
on
this occasion,
I consider the one,
is,
that the
or no
to be obtained
Colonel Wilks's valuable History of that state, as the best. increased
little
given in
What
has
names of many
places, occurring in the Persian manuscript, are written so indistinctly,
that I could only guess at
them
;
which, however,
I
have never done, without
PREFACE.
XX
Besides
without noticing the circumstance.
and towns mentioned in vain in
there are several forts
this,
in the following pages,
which would he sought for
any map or gazetteer, hitherto published
for innovation,
because, in the rage
he was
led,
of a similar nature, to change their ancient and
still
which never ceased
among other reforms
;
generally prevalent names.
to actuate the Sultan,
Thus, to Chiltlcdoorg he gave the name of
Some
Furrukh-1/dh Hisdr ; to Gooty, that of Fyze-Hisdr^ &c. innovations are It
officially
announced,
of these
in the course of the present
work.
appears somewhat singular, that in his childish eagerness to give
new
denominations to every thing, he should have suffered Seringapatam and
Bangalore
to retain their old
names
;
on that account, be supposed
havino- been derived from an idol, might,
to have been particularly offensive to a bigotted therefore, improbable, that
him
in these instances,
some
former appellation,
especially as the
Musulman.
superstitious notion
and saved those ancient
may have
cities
not,
It is
restrained
from the transfor-
mation experienced by so many others.
On
the subject of the oriental orthography of the present work,
it is
the more necessary to submit a few remarks to the reader's consideration, as these letters
Hindivi Avords. respect, that
able to is
all.
it
abound so greatly
Such a
in
diversity of opinion
would not be possible
That which
proper names, and other Persian or
to adopt
I have, for the
and practice prevails
any scheme entirely accept-
most part, endeavoured to follow,
the one introduced at the College of Fort William, on the
bhshment of that admirable
in this
institution,
which appears
to
esta-
first
me
better
adapted than any other, to convey to the English reader an accurate notion of the pronunciation of the Persian language, as spoken in India. I have not, however, rigidly adhered to the scheme in question, having, for instance, rarely followed
it,
in opposition to
any very prevalent or
general practice, however incorrect the latter might be. always, in compliance with the
common
usage, written
Thus
I
have
Mahommed,
in-
stead
PREFACE. Muhummed ;
stead of
principle,
mode of
though I observe that the
j
however, as the short, or quick sound, of the
Still,
composing
syllables
it,
last
The
following
posing the proper names, &c. which occur in I
have usually expressed
jjresent
tiie
work.
I
letters,
in
com-
say usually, because, aS
have, in some cases, purposely deviated from the rule here exhibited,
in deference to long established usage
or oversight.
I
and Hindoostany sounds, or
characters, the different Persian, Arabic,
already acknowledged,
it
Before
a brief exposition of the plan on whicii
is
of the
which best expresses that sound.* d
Koman
latter
almost in universal use, I have thought
is
right to preserve the spelling
*
the
Major Stewart and
writing the word Sultan has been adopted by
others.
On
&c.
have preferred Tippoo Sultan to the more correct
I
of Tipoo Sdltaun or Siiltdn
.spelling
two
Mysore, instead of Mysoor ; Bangalore, instead
Seringapatam, instead of Sri-rung-putn,
of Bungloor ;
same
XXl
while, in others,
;
I
have done so throun-h inadvertency
hoped, however, that the instances of the latter kind
It is
will not be found numerous, no pains having been spared by the reviser to correct such as had escaped the
writer.
There being no such sound our a,
in hat,
&c.
cat,
fining the use of
it
to
I
in Persian or Arabic,
or
(I
believe) in Hindoostany, as that of
have, in consecjuence, rarely employed plain or unaccented a, con-
such words as
the most familiar to Englisli readers,
Ahmed and Mahommed I
which orthography,
;
as beino-
have preferred to the more correct one of Uhmiid and
Muhummud.
A with a circumflex sounded
like a, in the
which
in t_j\j tab,
Double
I
I
as in
words
differs
ball,
call,
&c.
JU ili
or alif viumdoodeh, and
|
represents the alif long
It also
nothing in sound from the alif mumdoodch
a, or aa, represents c medial, as
as inJjkiMjfc written
by
(a) invariably stands for
baad for
^
;
Jumaaddr, and ^,«^ written juma a.
always to be
by
position, as
in <_>1 db.
ending a syllable or word,
also c It
is
likewise expresses c followed
which written correctly should be, according
to
my
scheme, ShahAalum.
have, nevertheless, followed the more usual orthography of Shah Allum. I
in a
no where use c to express
j
general practice.
Nagry
letter
"With these exceptions, both
^ corresponding
Ch, which represents the doostany, 1
or li/or the corresponding Hindoostany letter; excepting
few instances, as Calicut, Sircar, &c. where
is to
e, in
have preserved the
j
and
c/as
r,
in
conformity with
well as the Hindoostany or
to the latter, are expressed l)y k.
of the Persian, and the corresponding sound in the Hin-
be constantly sounded as
think the sound of our
I
in
church.
pen, hen, &c.
as that of our a, in hat, cat, &c.:
is
equally
when, therefore,
I
unknown employ a
to the Persian
single e,
it
and Arabic, is
either in
compliance
A
P REr
xxn
C E.
Before I conclude these introductory remarks
my
that
in adjusting the
subject I have found
this
necessary to enter into a distinct discussion,
it
that though I
On
Kalendar introduced by the Sultan.
which, accordingly, immediately follows the Preface. to say,
to state,
chief trouble, in the present work, has arisen from the difficulty
have had
I
may be proper
it
It
may here
suffice
am, by no means, confident of having completely succeeded
compliance with established custom, or because I am uncertain whether the short vowel of The former I have generally the Persian and Arabic, which it represents, is a kusr or futha. expressed by
M
Double ino-
The
gun).
in
(having the sound of
2
c,
in hen,
e,
is
in 5/«^;
2
the latter
a sound between the
^
or ee, denotes the long
by u
be uniformly sounded as
(to
t'vo.
of the Persian and Arabic (as well as the correspond-
Hindoostany indtra, or vowel) whether so by position, or by having kusr or
^
The
at the end of a word, as in ^Juja-1,
%aii\
i^^Jy*- &c. having nearly the same short
sound as our j/, in needy, haity, &c. 1 have, for the most part, expressed it by that letter, which, at the end of a word, is accordingly to be always pronounced as the y in needy.
The
^
proper name
When y,
&.c. as, in
(as representing the
^Ls
Double
have, nevertheless, written Ali,
in
conformity with general usage.
on the other hand, occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable,
Wkc y'm yore, yes,
months
I
o,
and
^
such cases,
it
preceded by futha)
4j?jJu>-
^
represents initial is
to
In
be pronounced as
to be
sounded
other situations, j/
all
y
it is
dying
in
:
thus the
are written Bydzi/ and Ilydury.
or oo, constantly represents j preceded
by zum, or paiih, which has always
the sound of oo, in doom, room, &c.
l/with a circumllex to
be sounded
like
or ^ubr,
and
is
(a pearl)
dur
;
u
in
(Ci)
invariably stands for the short vowel
ruby.
U
zum
or paish,
and
is
always
without the circumflex, or plain u, constantly denotes futha
invariably to be sounded like
u
in
fun.
Thus j^o
(far)
is
written door;
jj
and jj (in) dur.
Ow, sounded
as in
gown, expresses ^ with futha or
ztibr before
it.
Thus u^jj
is
written
Dorclut.
AVi uniformly denotes the ^ of the Persian and Arabic; and Arabic lLj as as an
G
s.
The
is
Some
and the j; the
daily
;
1
write
Othman, though the
clj
is
2~/i
denotes the
usually pronounced in India
always hard.
remaining
English.
It is
Uit which
in
i
^^A the
letters require
no particular remark, as they are to be always sounded as in
writers distinguish between the
j
and the CS; the
only requisite lo add, that
I
nnd the ^ mighool by open
^
^^ and
the
^
;
the L and the
and the *j but I have not thought
express the o or 6,
it
cy ;
the
^o
the
j
necessary to do so.
^ mujhool by our diphthong ai, as sounded in
sounded as in opeiu
PREFACE. my
succeeded in
my
none of
XXni
endeavors on this occasion,
I nevertheless trust,
dates will be found materially wi'ong.
deem
I also
it
that requi-
that notwithstanding the pains which I have taken to
site to observe,
am
apprehensive
that some of them will be found out of their proper place.
The reason
arrange these
of
letters
this is, that
the work,
several transcribers
;
and
the different portions of the copy, instead of being carefully
Owing
ously together.
came
for
on the completion of
that,
disposed, according to their respective dates,
I
I
with a view to dispatch, the original was distributed,
among
copying,
in the regular order of time,
were bound up promiscu-
to this inadvertency,
I constantly found,
examine them in a collected form,
to
agreeal)ly to their dates,
with
some order
and
;
my
if I
my
:
consequently,
letters
which,
weie separated,
before I could
proceed
I was obliged to reduce this chaos to
translation,
have not been entirely successful
the indulgent reader will
irksomeness of
two
should have stood together,
perhaps, by a hundred pages satisfactorily
that
when
make due allowance
in the attempt,
for the difficulty
and
task.
Besides the extensive obligations which I have declared myself to be
under to the to
liberal kindness
of Colonel Ogg,
acknowledge, on the present occasion,
derived,
in
several instances,
it
is
incumbent upon
me
the great assistance I have
from another source.
I
here allude to
various valuable communications with which I have, at different times
been favoured,
M'Kenzie,
of
by the
my
very able
Lieutenant Colonel Colin
friend,
Madras Engineers
;
to
whose indefatioable and
laudable researches, respecting the History and Antiquities of the South
of India, such just and honorable testimony has been borne by Colonel
Wilks, in the valuable work which that accomplished writer has lately presented to the public.
The
list
of those, however, to
whom
J ^
I
owe the humble
tribute of
my
thanks
PREFACE.
XXIV
thanks on the present occasion the
it
name
my
indebted.
I
not yet closed.
I
am
proud to add t»
of Dr. Wilkins, the learned and ingenious Librarian of the
East India Company, outset of
is
friendly assistance and
whose
to
am
also eager to
myself
I consider
undertaking in particular,
my
acknowledge
at the
advice, to be
much,
to Charles
obligations
Stewart, Esq. the learned Professor of Arabic, Persian, and Hindostany, at the East-India
Warre Malet,
Company's College at Hertford
who
Bart.,
filled
and
;
to Sir Charles
with distinguished reputation,
during a
period of ten years, the important station of Resident at the Court of
The nature of
Poonah.
the communications with whicli I have been
favored by the two latter gentlemen, will appear more fully in the sequel.
But
to
none of
aid afforded
me
my in
Shakespear, Esq. Institution at
literary friends
do I
the conduct of
;
even been induced, relinquish this place,
my
it
by the
my
difficulties arising
design altogether.
I
on the advantages which
my
in its
upon
had not
progress through the
unavoidable absence from
publication to an indefinite period,
indefatigable care bestowed
indulging
than to John
for if that able OrientaUst
press, I must, of necessity, on account of its
its
for
East-India Company's Military
most kindly undertaken to superintend
town, have postponed
more deeply indebted,
the present work,
of the Honorable
Croydon, in Surry
feel
would
from
fain,
my book revision
inclination, in this respect,
;
if I
had not
this circumstance, to
therefore, enlarge, la
has derived, but I
am
from the
restrained from
by knowing that I
shall best
consult the satisfaction of the gentleman in question, by abstaining, on
the present
occasion,
from any more particular acknowledgement of
jny obligations to him.
To
the names of the persons already announced,
as
having contri-
buted, by their communications, to whatever value the present work l»e
thought to possess,
I
am bound
may
to add those of Lieutenant Colonel
Thomas
PREFACE. Thomas Munro and Lieutenant Colonel establishment.
should
not
I
have
XXV Mariott,
must, at the same time, admitted of
my
both of the Madras
lament,
profiting by
that circumstances
their extensive infor-
mation, in the degree which an earlier application to them might have enabled
me
to do.
REMARKS EXPLANATORY OF THE KALENDAR OF
TIPPOO SULTAN.
Before
I could proceed in the translation of the following letters,
was necessary that
it
some insight into the construction by Tippoo Sultan, and always employed by
I should acquire
of the Kalendar instituted him, excepting in his correspondence with persons not subjected to his authority,
when he condescended
reckoning.
Till I could attain this
me
for
use the
to
would neither be possible the arrangement of the manuscript,
knowledge,
to rectify the confusion in
common Mahommedan
it
occasioned by the accident noticed in the Preface, nor to convert the
Sultans dates into the corresponding English the
first
dates.
of these operations, or the classing of the
Of
the necessity of
letters in the
order of
no doubt, since this was absolutely necessary to the while the utility of others, in an rio-ht understanding of many of them historical view, depended, in some measure, on the degree of accuracy time, there could be
;
with which the dates of the original might be reduced to our chronology.
Wlien, however, I came to examine the means I possessed for purpose, I found that they were
them
to be
nor have
:
such enquiries as
it
I
much more
this
scanty than I had supposed
been so fortunate as to supply the deficiency, by
has been in
my power
to
make
in
No
this country.
doubt, the requisite information might have been obtained from India
but the fact of any.
is,
As
it
that is,
it
was not
until very lately that I discovered the
I trust that I have, at least,
imation to the truth (if I have not sufficiently
I
answer the main ends
;
want
made such an approx-
actually arrived at it),
as
will
in view.
have no means of ascertaining with precision, at what period of
reign Tippoo Sultan introduced his
first
his
innovation in the Kalendar
;
good reason to believe, that it was about a year after his but there The earliest document in my possession, accession to the Musnud. dated according to his new Kalendar, is an edict, or regulation, of the is
]5th
REMARKS ON THE KALENDAR.
XXVll
15th Jmifury of the year Vzl (or thirty-eighth of the cycle hereafter as I reckon,
corresponding,
exphiined),
to the
10th of June 1^84
:
hut another, issued about six months anterior to this, or in January
1784, shows that the reformed Kalendar was not in use at the latter period, since the edict in question bears
medan one of Zilhijjeh, A.H. that the new Kalendar was June 1781. There
is
common To years.
in
no doubt, that use in
Jifi/sore,
no other date than the
From these
1197.^'^
established
data
it
may
Mahom-
be inferred,
some time between January and
Kalendar was founded on the reckoning which was that of the Malabar cycle of sixty this
new names But though he took the Hindoo
the years composing this cycle, the Sultan gave
as he did to
the months of the year.
;
computation for his ground-work, he would not appear to have adhered
two reckonings sometimes occur. Thus the 14th TUlooey (or 9th month of Tippoo Sultan's year), which was the Sulian's birth-day, did not coincide with the 14th, but
strictly to
it,
since disagreements between the
with the 17th of Mdrgaiser or
The cause of
this
discrepancy
Ughun
may
division of the year, according to the
(9th
year).
probably be traced in the following
Sultans
Order of the
month of the Hindoo first
regulation of
it.
Corresponding with the
Month.
Hindoo Month,
and ....
.
.
Zodiacal Sign.
Choiter,
Aries.
Bysdk,
Taurus.
Juister (\TaitJ,
Gemini.
ylsdr,
Cancer.
Sdwun or Srdwun,
Leo.
Bhddon
A
sin,
Kdrtic,
or JBhdder,
.
.
Tlrgo.
Libra. Scorpio.
XXVIU
Though
the foregoing names are not absolutely unmeaning, yet they
have had any appropriate signification attached to with the exception of the first, called by one of the names of
would not appear
them
REMARKS ON
.
;
Mahommed, and
to
of the eighth, or Hydery, which might possibly have
been so denominated in honor of the Sultans father, as Tiilooey might its
Saltan himself arose, or was born. to the spring, in which season
whole of these months of each denotes
letter
known power
notation called
it
its Jcs*^
is,
being the month in
which the Whether Behdry had any reference
likewise have been, in allusion to
always occurred,
it
uncertain.
however, to be observed, that the
Of
the
initial
place in the Kalendar, according to the wellor Ulrjud, which assigns a certain numerical
to every letter in the alphabet.*-^
to express
is
either 11, or 12, the
two
first
There being no single letter letters of Eezkly and Bydzy,
added together, denote the place of each, 11. 2 10 1 of months, viz.
=
+
respectively,
+
10
=
in
the order
12.
whether or not these months invariably consisted of the same number of days ; but, as far as the documents in my possession enable me to judge, it would not appear that any I
cannot state positively,
fluctuation took
It is here,
place in this respect.
notice, that in the
Appendix
however, pioper to
memorandum
to Colonel Beatson's book, a
of the Sultan's appears (respecting the battle of Suddasir), according to which the month of Bdzy would seem to have consisted of thirty,
whereas
my
table assigns to
it
only twenty-nine days.
I
have not the
means, at present, of consulting the original document but it occurs Sulkh, to me as being possible, that the Sultan may have written or, " the last day," and that the translator may have supposed the If this should not be the case, it will not be easy thirtieth to be meant. ;
^
to reconcile the disagreement in question.
The names
given to the years of the cycle were formed also on the
principle of the
Ubj'ud notation,
with the exception of the two
yihd (one or unity),
which were denominated jc-\ Ahmed (Mahommed), in honor of God and the Prophet years,
;
first
and ^u^\
and implying that
(2)
The
nonsense verse (after the
numerical power assigned severally to dictionary, under the
word
j»^'
word of wliich this notation is called) as well as the the letters composing it, may be seen in Richardson's
first
THE KALENDAR.
Xxix
was the second, as the Ahnighty was the Jirst object of The rest of tlie names, though hke those of the months,
that the hitter
veneration.
not entirely destitute of njeaning-, had no specific import.
They merely
denoted the order of each year in the cycle, which was found by addinotogether the numerical powers of the several letters composing the name, the amount being the
number of the
Thus
Uzl (the name of the year with which the following correspondence commences) is equivalent to 38 (1 -j- 7 30), and denotes that the year, so called, is the year.
Jjl
+
tliirty-eighth of the cycle (corresponding to
But
this
arrangement was,
the Sultan having, as there
of the Kalendar,
The
latter
is
some time, superseded by another
after
made a second reform
reason to believe,
the forty-first year of the cycle (or
in
would not appear to
however,
alteration,
further than to the substitution of the place of those
in
A.D. 1784-5.)
first
new names
AD.
1787-8).
have extended
months and years, These new names pos-
to the
assigned to them.
same property as the old namely, that of severally indicatinothe number of the year, and the order of the month, by virtue of tlieir
sessed the
;
The
numerical power.
notation, however,
now
used was different from
the Uhjud, and Jias been called by some JJhtus (an unmeaning word,
formed by a combination of the
first
four letters of the alphabet
(^>);
but
by the Sultan himself, in one of the letters of the present collection,
is,
denominated
there be
no error
manuscript)
the
and derived by him, but I do not distinctly understand how, from the Koran. The difference between the two schemes consists in this in the Ufjjud, (if
in
j\
Zur,
:
tlie
numerical powers of the letters depend on the order of the latter in
the arbitrary verse already referred to
;
whereas, in the Uljtus,
they depend on the order of the letters of the alphabet — oooo oooo oovooo OOOVO OOOO OOOC oooo cow oooo ^jO\t^*».
/^ If,
as there
sliow, the
new
is
a^m^iwJ
r^'
:
OC^OlCfl Jl^OtO tXsr
LJ^JJ^
or Zur,
as —
*
reason to tliink, and as I shall presently endeavour to
era invented by the Sultan, and which he sometimes called e
(i)
Ubjud.
The
the
Persian letter <_> fpcj being excluded from
The
Persian letters,
omitted in both.
^^
(S"JJi
r
('^l'<^'J}
tiiis
*"''
J
scheme, (-l^^'Jt
as well
arc, in
as
from the
like
manner,
REMARKS ON
XXX
the era of Mahommed, and sometimes the Moivloody, or era of the birth (i. e. of Mahommed), was introduced at the same time with the change
names of the years and months, just described his motive for the entirely capricious, but may be latter innovation was not, perhaps, safely referred, in some measure, to his zeal for the glory of his religion. As the new epoch was, no doubt, designed to do honor to the Prophet,
in the
;
whom in
he seems to have thought degraded by the designation given to that
common
probably, were the
use,^^) so,
which,
practice,
were now constituted upon a
of
seem, by the word of the law.
good grounds
for believing,
lation respecting the
Be
It
as
principle, sanctified,
this,
however, as
new
that the
it
would
it
may, there are
and the second regu-
era,
names of the years and months, took place together,
and that the use of both commenced with the
Malabar
the years and
being formed upon a vulgar or profane
months,
instead
new names of
forty-first
year of the
cycle.
happens unfortunately,
that one of the chasms in the following
correspondence occurs at that very period; there not being a single letter of the
forty-first
that date, this
among
means,
year in the collection, nor an) document whatever, of the papers in
my
possession.
But though we
1st.
sufficient
In a
by
deprived of any direct or positive proof on the subject, yet
there are not wanting circumstances that afford,
deemed a
are,
letter
what
will
presumption in favor of the opinion I have to
his
diplomatic
agents at Dehli,
probably be offered.
dated in
Hy-
month) of the fortieth year (Dullo), the Sultan enumerated the names of the years and months, according to the second or new arrangement, which he had then probably determined on, but which he certainly did not carry into effect during the remainder of the fortieth year, as abundantly appears from existing documents. The otherwise we might have letter here referred to is manifestly imperfect learnt from it, why the arrangement in question was announced so long dery
(or eighth
;
before the period of
its
actual adoption.
Possibly the great distance of
Dehli may have suggested the expediency of an anticipated communication.
2d. It (4) Iligera s\^n\?\cs flight.
See the
5«//a7!'i letter, referred to in the
subsetpcnt page.
THE KAM;NDAR. 2d. It
is
XXXI
nomenclature and the new era uere in use
new
that both the
established by a variety of documents,
in the forty-second
year of
tlie
which was accordingly called Sdrd; whereas, under the preceding arrangement, it would have been named Kuhlc. 3d. It is improbable, that the Julian, after announcing the new nocycle,
menclature, so early as Hijdery of the fortieth year, should have delayed the introduction of
it till
the forty-second year, or pdrd
commenced with
:
it is,
the forty-first year, which, in this
most
likely,
case,
would be called Shd, while, according to the form,er
that
it
therefore,
rule,
it
would
be Md.
Eezidy (eleventh month) of Dullo, or year, the Sul/an directs an enquiry to be instituted among
4th. In a letter, dated the 29tli
the fortieth
men
the learned
of
different parts
in
dominions,
his
for
the
])ur-
pose of ascertaining, with exactness, the respective dates of the birth,
and
mission,
the Higeru, or
An
of the Prophet.
flight
fligbt,
is
explanation of the cause of
This investigation
also required by this letter.
seems to have been preparatory to the establishment of the epoch under consideration.
But the most unequivocal proof of the Mowloody era having been
5th.
established in the forty-first year,
of the year
lid.sikh,
is
furnished by a decree, or regulation,
or forty-eighth of the cycle (corresponding to the
1209th year of the Higera), to which a
Now
1215.("')
necessity,
as this date could not be
seal
meant
that the Moivloody era
the cycle (or Dullo),
engraved 1 will
Higera,
in the Jirst
it
was not
must, of
of the cycle
forty-first
The :
and
in use during the fortieth of
necessarily follows, that the seal in question
was
year of the institution of that epoch.
add here the few remaining observations that
the subject of the
it
Mahommed.
have been intended to denote the year of
we know
bearing the date
affixed,
for the
1215th year of Mahommed co-incided with the as
is
Mowloody
era,
have to make on
I
and then return to the consideration of
the KcJendar. e
(5) It
is
2
usual in India to insert in the seal the year in which
As it
is
engraved.
HEM ARKS ON
XXXll
As
this era
which the
letters in
was not absolutely necessary to
my imme-
was not adopted
the present volume reach,
it
till
diate purpose, to have offered
after the time to
any explanation of
subject of the Sultaiis Kalendar, I thought
respecting so prominent an article of
wherein
pretty constantly occurs,
it
it
is
of
date of any letter, regulation, or transaction invariably,
accompanied by the year of the
:
but being upon the
right to state
it
Even
it.
it
or no use in fixing the
since
cycle.
knew,
I
documents,
in the later
little
;
what
it is
The
generally, if not first
time that I
meet with it is in an edict of the year Sdrd, or forty-second of the cycle (and 1216 of Mahommed). It is continually employed, however, in the Sultans Memoir of his own reign, where it is applied even to events which took place many vears before its actual introduction. Thus, among other instances, Hydcr Ali Khan is said to have died on SaturBut of these day, the 3d of Zdkmj " of the year of Mahommed 120.9."
Memoirs
it is
to be observed, that they bear internal evidence of
having
been composed subsequently to the peace of Seringapatam, in 1792.
The term Mowloody,
strictly considered,
is
according to which there would appear to have been
the era in question
;
no more than an
interval of thirteen years
of
Mahommed.
It
certainly not applicable to
between the birth and
has been conjectured, that, instead of the birth, this
Mahommed, or messenger of God
era was, in fact, reckoned from the mission of
when he
first
flight
announced himself
as the
the period :
and
this
notion receives some countenance, from the tenor of the enquiry spoken
of above, which strongly implies a dislike of the term Higera, and an intention to sink the event dignified is diflicult
it
alludes to, in a reference to one of a
and memorable kind. to account for the
Nuhoowet ;
unless
it
new
But, even in
this
view of the matter,
it
era being called Moioloodij, rather than
be supposed, that the Z>/rM was put as a
for the regeneration of the Prophet,
metonymy
which might be reckoned from the
commencement of his mission. I now resume my account of the Kalendar, which was this digression concerning the Mowhodij era.
The names of
more
interrupted by
the months, according to the second and latest arrange-
ment, became as follows
:
1st
month
THE KALENDAR. 1st
month
XXXIU
REMARKS ON
XXXIV Name
Year of the
according
lo ihe First
Name according
J, Wdhj k^.
47 48 49 50
.
u-^l/
51
l»y
52
j^,«c^
53
j^
^L
.
Second
Sdhir
A.D.
1793-4.
.
1794-5.
oU Shdd wj^ Hirdset Sdz
1795-6.
J\^^
Shdddh.
1798-9.
^_^\j
Bdrish
.
Yum ....
.
1796-7.
p
Duivdm Huind Hdmid.
Corresponding with
^\j Rdsikh
.
Kuwdkib
^^
to the
Scheme.
Scheme.
Cycle.
.
1797-8.
1799.
worthy of remark, that the name of the last of these years, or Bdrish, signifying rain, was changed by the Sultan, only a short time before his death, to Bdshir ;(^> which meaning joyful, or auspicious, he It is
But it did not prove such to him for on the last day of Ahmedy (first month) of that very year, he lost his life, and the sovereignty of Mysore passed away from the Khoddddd Sircar,^^'^ to the hands of those, towards whom he ever thought a word of better omen than the other. ;
cherished the most deep and irreconcileable hatred
;
paralleled, perhaps,
only by that borne, in ancient times, by Hannibal against the Romans.
by the table of months inserted at page xxvii, that the Sidtan's year, though considered by him as solar, consisted of no more than three hundred and fifty-four days. In order, therefore, to It will be seen,
correct this reckoning,
and
to
occasionally added a thirteenth
because
any
I
approximate
month
it
to the true solar time,
to the year.
have not been able to discover
(if,
as
is
he
I say, occasionally
;
probable, there existed)
fixed rule for determining either the return of the leap year, or the
period of such year,
was
at
to be introduced.
Seringapatam,
tliat
which the intercalary or supplementary month It is stated in some of my notes, collected at
every third year was considered as embolismal, and
that the supplementary
month was always
inserted,
according to one
account, after the tenth, and, according to another, after the eleventh
month. (7.)
Bdshir consisting of the same
letters as Bdrish, has the
same numerical power, both
words standing for fifty-three. * the State or Government bestowed by God," which was one of the tcrmsby (8) i. e. which the Sultan designated his government. The Ahmcdi/ Sircar was another. In some places he calls
might
it
refer to his
Hydeiy Sircar, and in others father's name but it miglit, also, the
:
one of whose appellations was H^yder.
the Usud-Ilhye; the former of wliich like that of
Usud-Ilhye, allude lo Jli,
THE KALENDAR. But each of these statements
month.
is
XXXV
clearly proved to be
wrong by
a variety of authentic documents, showing that the thirty-ninth, fortyfourth, forty-seventh, forty-ninth
On what
years. is
and
fifty-second of the cycle were leap
year, between thirty-nine
and
forty-four, leap year fell
not known, owing to the want of documents for that period
whether we suppose will
to
it
have been the
be equally manifest,
:
but
or forty-second year,
it
that the embolismal year did not uniformly
The same
occur every third year.
forty-first
thing
is
shown by the
fact of the
forty-seventh and forty-ninth years having both been leap years.
known
a
It is
that to
rule,
make
the solar and lunar years accord,
seven returns of the intercalary, or supplementary month, are required in
the course of nineteen years,
Now
from the
thirty-fifth to the fifty-third
year of the cycle (both inclusive)
is a period of nineteen years, in the which seven leap years occui-, (viz. five which are clearly ascercourse of tained, and two which have been assumed). But, notwithstanding this
apparent conformity, the two reckonings do not co-incide, when, according to this rule, they might be expected to do
agreement, no doubt,
is,
that though the
The reason
so.
of this dis-
months established by Tippoo
were ordinarily called lunar, they were not strictly so six of the twelve months of the year having consisted of thirty, and the other six of the common year, therefore, comprizing three twenty-nine days each hundred and fifty-four days, was, in fact, neither limar nor solar. ;
:
The documents abundantly tary month, called
Belidnj,
&fc.
prove, that the intercalary, or supplemen-
Zdid (as zdid Ahnedy ; zdid the month before^^> which it was inserted) was
by the Sultan
according to
s:\j
not added at any fixed or regulated period of the year, but, apparently,
according to his fancy
:
at least I
principle (if principle there
certain
is,
have not met with any clue to the
was) on which
it
was arranged.
All that
is
that in the thirty-ninth year the Zdid, or adscititious month,
was Ahmedy ; year, Bekdnj ; year, Jaafm-y
in
the forty-fourth year, Suynry
in the forty-ninth year, :
Hydery
by which unquestionable
facts
;
in
the forty-seventh
and
in the fifty-second
;
it
appears, that in no
one (9) The extra, or supplementary moiitli, always preceded tlie regular nioiitli of the same name, for what reason does not appear. Its natural place one would suppose to iiavc been after, and not before, the month whose name it took.
REMARKS ON
XXXVl
one instance, in so many years, did
it
happen to
fall
either
on the tenth
or eleventh month.
But although
we
apprized, as
much
so
uncertainty prevails on this article, yet being
day of the
are, that the first
fifty-third year co-incided
and knowing, also, both the names of the leap-years, and of the supplementary months which occurred between that time and the forty-fourth year, inclusive, we are fortunately enabled
with the 6th April
I7i^9,
to convert the Sultan's dates, during that period, with sufficient accuracy, into our own.
It is after passing, in
a retrogade pi'ogression, the forty-
commences since there are, at present, no means of ascertaining in what year, between that and the thirty-ninth, the leap-year occurred, or at what period of such year the intercalary month was added. fourth year, that the principal difficulty
In
this
difficulty
;
I could only arrive at the fortieth
and thirty-ninth
my
immediate purpose, on account of the principal portion of the following letters belonging to those years) by assuming, at a venture, one of the intervening years, between forty-four and thirty-nine, years (so essential to
upon Sdrd, or the forty-second year, by which means something like system and regularity is made to appear in which, by this distribution, would seem the recurrence of the embolism to have returned (as far as our materials enable us to judge) alternately, as the leap-year.
I therefore fixed
;
every
tliird
and every second year
:
that
is
to say, in the thirty-ninth,
forty-ninth,
forty-second, forty-fourth, forty-seventh,
and
fifty-second.
"With regard to the supplementary month of the assxmied leap-year, I was obliged to resort to the same expedient ; and, accordingly, fixed on the third month, or
Tiiki/.
By
this
means, each of the
first
six inonths
of the year (though not in regular succession) will appear to have served as the intercalary months, three of them being months of thirty days, and the three others months of twenty-nine days. Hence the leap years, thirty-nine, forty-four,
and
fifty-two, are
made
to
contain each three
hundred and eighty-three days and the leap years, forty-two, fortyseven, and forty-nine, each three hundred and eighty-four days.C"^ Having ;
(10) According to this arrangement,
general eleven days shorter than the
it is
common
evident
year
in
tii;it,
tliougli tlic
use with us, yet,
Sultan's year
owing
was
in
to the frequent
recurrence of his intercalary month (making his leap-year three hundred and eighty-three, in a series of years, have gained or three hundred and tiglity-four days) liis reckoning must, considerably upon ours
;
apparently no
less
than at the rate of three days in
five years.
THE KALIJNDAR. Having constructed my
XXXvil
table of corresponding dates in the best
I could, with the imperfect materials in
my possession,
manner
I was, fortunately,
enabled to verify or correct the same, by means of a practice occasionally observed by the Sulfaii, of giving the day of the week along with the
day of the month.
which
An
instance of this kind occurs in Letter
led to the discovery of an error I
had committed,
the 18th of Jaafury of the year Dullo into our reckoning. it
agree with the 20th June, which
Jaafury being expressly stated
to
on a Tuesday
fell
;
CCCIV,
converting
in
I
had made
while the 18th of
have been a Wednesday, must, of course,
have co-incided with the 21st June 1/86.
The
detection of this mistake
an alteration of the whole series of my dates for the two years comprized in the present volume, every one of which it became requisite to advance one day. This correction leaves scarcely any doubt of necessarily led
to
now
the perfect accuracy of the dates as
which any mistake can have occurred, to extra
Ahmedy of
the yedcv Julio
is
The number of
adjusted.
in the
though
only point in
days assigned
known, that regular Ahmedy consisted of twenty-nine days, it is not certain, (however probable) that the extra, or supplementary month, always had the same number of days as the regular month of the like name. This is all that it has been in my power to do, with a view to the attainment of the accuracy so desirable on the present occasion. I trust I have not fallen into any material error.
of the reader.
:
for
For the
it is
rest, I rely
on the indulgence
CONTENTS. spelling adopted here,
^Vhere the
and
may be
of the work, the former
in the Index, differs
considered as the most
from that used in the body systematical and correct.
Page.
Letter. 1
To Mirza
Mahommed
Ali, Superintendant
of
the Elephant Stables at
7
— Meet Kdz\m, Commercial Consul, or 6 Muscat of — Mahommed Ghyas, Envoi/ Court of Poonah 7 — Turbiyut Khan at Rajah Ram Chundur, -11 Bangalore — Governor Pondicherry -13 — Mahommed Ushruf, Ddrogha of Dewdny Kuchurry at Gooty 14 — Shah Noorullah 15
8
—
2 3
4
to the
Ali
6
9
1 1
13
14 15
16 17
18
19
20 21 2'i
23 24
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
the
Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Court of Poonah
10
-
-
o/"
//i
-
public Officers
arid
-
5
the Factori/ at
Chief,
-
-
-
-
Klian, -
-
Envoys at the -
-l6 -21
-
-
-
-
-24
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
-
-
27
-
— same — Burhanilddeen — Meer Kumriidden Ah Khan — Turbiyut Ah Khan -— Mahommed Ghyas — Meer Kumruddeen Khan — Mahommed Ghyiis Noor Mahommed Khan the
-
-
-
----------22 .--------25 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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— Abdul Hukcem Khan, Nabob of Sdnoor, or Sdnore 29 — Biirhanuddecn -31 — Sipahddrs, Dilecr Khan, Syed Humeed, and Syed Ghuffar 32 — Rajah Ram Chundur 32 -34 — Meer Kumruddeen — — Governor Pondicherry — Meer Kumruddeen 36 38 — Rajah Rum Chundur — Meer Kumruddeen — Burhanuddeen ~." -
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CONTEN TS.
xl Letter
26 27 28
29
30 31
32 33
34 S5
36 37 38
39 40 41
42 43
44 45
46 47 48
49 50 51
52 53
54 55
56 57 58
59
60 61
62 63
To Meer Kumruddeen
-
--
-
Page.
»
.
— Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan — Burhanuddeen — Meer Kumruddeen — Burhanuddeen — same — Meer Kumruddeen — Burhanuddeen _. — Meer Kumruddeen — Rajah Ram Chundur — Meer Kumruddeen and Burhanuddeen — Mahommed Ghyas — same — Noor Mahommed Khan — Burhanuddeen — same — Ghulam Ahmed, Kdzy of Nugr — Meer Kumruddeen — Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan — Kumruddeen -— same — Mahommed Ushruf — Meer Kumruddeen — Burhanuddeen — Mahommed Kazim — Zynul Aabideen — Burhanuddeen — Mahommed Ghyas — Chishty Yar Khan — Meer Kumruddeen — Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan — Rajah Rflm Chundur — Mohyuddeen AH Khan — Meer Kumruddeen — Burhanuddeen — same — Rajah Ram Chundur — Chishty Yar Khin -
the
the
.
-40
»---_. ...41 -------..42 --„._-... ------.-.43 -.---.-..44 ----_-.. -----...47 -----___ ---__-. -..53 ---_-. --54 ---...... -------...56 ------ ..-60 ---..---..(Js --.-.._.. ._.-___.66 --------_ — --___-.. ---___-__ — --_.-___ -----___ ..----_ ---79— ----.-_. .---__--. --.---_-__ .-.--_.. — -
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.73 80 82
83
CONTENTS.
Page.
Letter.
64 65 66 Gj 68
6q
70 ~1
72 73
74 75
76 77 78
79 80 81
82 83
84 85
^6 87 88
89
90 91
92 93
94 95
^6 97 98
99
xli
------.-85 ---------86 ---------
To Mohyuddcen Ali Khan, Deicdn of Kurpak Mahommcd Ushruf
-
-
-
-
84
— — Mahommed Ghyas — Mahommed Ghous 8/ — Meer Kumruddeen 88 — same ..gg — same go — Badshah Emperor, Shah Allum) 91 — Munzoor Ah Khan, Eunuch and principal Minister of Shdh Allum 95 — yiodX and Su]kn Agents Dehli 100 — Meer Kumruddeen -102 — Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan joS — Shaikh Ahmed, a foreign Merchant — — Buihanuddeen io5 — Nabob of Sanore 106 — Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khdn 107 — Meer Moaala Khan, Kilaaddr of Mudgul 108 — Biirhanuddeen 109 — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed Khan 110 — Burhanuddeen -- -111 — same -112 — same -114 — Meer Kumruddeen -115 — Sipahddr, Mahommed AH -II7 — Meer Kumrudeen — — Sipahddr, Mahommed Ah -118 — Burhanuddeen -II9 — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed Khan 121 — Burhanuddeen -122 — Meer Kumruddeen -124 — Burhanuddeen -125 — Jusaretuddowlah -126 — Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan — — Meer Moaayenuddeen Khan 128 — Rfim Chundur -I29 — Meer Kumruddeen -131
--------_-.--_-_ -------------------
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CONTENTS.
Xlii
Page.
Letter.
100 101
102 103
104 10.5
106 107
108
109
110 111
112 113
114 115
116 117
118
119 120 121
122 123
124 125
126 127 128
129 130 131
132 133
134 135
136
____-_-,-— ___.-__---_-..---________ — ________ --______-._..-__--- — _-____-
To Meer KumrOddeen
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
— same — Nabob of Kurnool — Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan — same — Meer Kumruddeen — Rajah Ram Chundur — Mohyuddeen Ah Khan — Governor of Pondicherry — Meer Kumruddeen — same — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed Khan — same — Meer Kumruddeen -— Meer Mahommed — Syed Mahommed Khan, Kilaaddr of Seringapatam — Noor Mahommed Khan Mahommed Ghyas — Meer Zynul Aabideen, Sipahddr of a Kushoon — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed Khan — Mah MirzA Khan — Biirhanuddeen — Mohyuddeen Ah Khan — Meer Kumruddeen — Budeea uz ZumAn, Taahlkddr of Hdscofah — AW Beehy of Cannanore — Burhanuddeen — Mahommed GhySs Noor Mahommed Khan — Sipahddr, Sycd Ghuffar — Zynul Aabideen Shoostry — Meer Kumruddeen — Zynul Aabideen, Chittledoorg of Ehshdm — Zynul Aabideen Shoostry — same — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed KhAn — Ghuiam Hyder — Burhanuddeen tke
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142
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148
-
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150
Zynul Aabideen Shoostry
15/
158
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159
161
-
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160
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152
153
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162
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164
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167
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143
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138
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170
CONTENTS.
----_.» ---.... ---.-._ ------.._ ._177 ---_-_. ------_.
Letter.
137
138 139
140 141
142 143
144 145
146 147 148
149
150 151
152 ]
53
154 155
Page.
To Zynul Aabidcen Shoostry
— Meer Kumruddeen — Zynul Aabideen Shoostry — Mahommed Ghyis Noor Mahommed KhAn — Burhanuddeen — MSh Mirza Khan — Ehsanullah Khan — R^jah Ram Chundur — Governor of Fondicherry — Meer Zynul Aabideen, and Sipahddr, Ahmed Baig — Burhanuddeen — maum Muscat — Mahommed Ghy^s Noor Mahommed Kh^n — Me Nabob Sanore — same — Turbiyut Khan — Rajah Ram Chundur — Meer K^zim, Commercial Consul, or Agent, Muscat — same OKt?
the
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162 163
164 165
166 167 168
169
170 171
172
173
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183
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185
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— same — Meer KAzim — same — Budruz ZumAn KhAn — same — Khiljeh Seth, and other Armenian Merchants — RAjah RSm Chundur — Maiiommcd Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Klian — Budruz ZumAn Khan — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed KhAn — Budruz Zuman Kh^n — Burhanuddeen — Sipahddrs, Syed Humeed Syed Ghuffar — Urshud Baig KhAn, Foiydar of Calicut — Meer KAzim — Shah Mahommed Khyrulhlh the
179
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the
175
-
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-
.
All
—~ Burhanuddeen
161
-
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157
160
174
the
—
159
170
-
-
156
158
xliii
-
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-187
-
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— -194 — I96 — ... 208— 209 — -
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192
-
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CONTENTS.
xUv
Page
Letter.
174
To Rajah
Ram Chundur
21O
-212 73 — Shumsuddeen Khan — 176 — Budruz Zuman Kh^n — — Shah Noorullah 213 178 — Rajah Ram Chundur — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed Khan 214 179 Seven Super! ntendants of the Post Seven Capital 180 — Sultanut --215 of — Ah RSjah Beeby 2l6 181 Bukhshy of each of DewSn Seven Kuchurries of 182 — ringapatam -217 --218 183 — Eaatumady Khojeh Firasut — Beeby Ah 219 184 220 185 — Shumsuddeen Khan -221 186 — Burhanuddeen — 222 Budruz Zuman Khan 187 — — Burhanuddeen 188 Noor Mahommed Khan 223 189 — Mahommed Ghy 224 190 — Mohyuddeen Ah Khan flW Urshud-ullah Khan — — GhulAm Khdn 191 Gooty 226 192 — Meer Kazim Ah Khdn, Postmaster — ... 193 — Burhanuddeen — 194 — Budruz Zum^n Khan — Mohyuddeen Ah KhSn 227 195 228 — Kurnool) Nabob, Runmust Khan (of 196 230 197 — Mecr Ahmed Ah, Taahikddr of Nursipoor -- — 198 — Shumsuddeen -231 199 — Ghulam Ah KhAn — — Agent at Muscat Commercial Meer Kazim, 200 Nabob, Runmust Kh^n 236 201 — 236 202 — Meer Moaayeniiddeen Port of Cahcut actual and future Aumils of 203 — 237 — Aumils Ports general actual and future 238 204 of — Port of Mangalore Aumils, actual andfuture, of 205 — 239 Dulldl Muscat 206 — Mao -241 Imaum of Muscat 207 — — -242 Khan Budruz Zuman 208
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COKTENTS. 209 211
212 213
2J4 215
216 217 218
219 220 221
222 223 224 225
22C 227 228
229 230 23
232
_.-_---_ ---------_-------- — --..----_.---..--. —— — ---_ .-«----.— ^. .----. .---.--. ------_. — .-.----.. -«----.. ..---... -_----.. .-.--... Page.
Letter.
210
To Meer Moaala Khan
243
— Mahommed Ushruf
-.
-
— /^e Rajah o^ Pegu — Ehsanullah Khan — Shah Noorullah — GhulamAUKhan — the — the same — Burh-Snuddeen — Sycd Peer, Kilaaddr of Bangalore — Shah Noorullah — Burhanuddeen — Turbiyut Ah Khan — Rajah Ram Chundur — Rajah Ram Chundur fl«c?Turbiyut Ali Kh^n — Budruz Zuman KhAn saine
— —
— — — — — —
Burhanuddeen the
same
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Nuwazish
235
236 237
238 239
240 241
242 243
_
-
.
Budruz ZumAn
-
-
-
-252 -
253
254 255
-
-
-
-
259 260
*o» o/'Shujaa ud Dowlah
-
-
-
-
Kh-^n
—
-
-
.
Em.
263
.-------._ ------.-_. — ---------_ — ...--.._. ----.-._.. ----.-.. ——
Kh5n, Lutf Ali KhAn, &c. Embassadors -
to Constanti-
264
-
267
269
at Gnoti/
Ao.h\dc<:n,
the
(proceeding on an -
— Budruz Zuman Khan — same — Mahommed GhyAs — Budruz Zuman Khan — Zynn\ Buhhshi/ of Ehshdm — BurhAnuddcen — same — RAjah Ram Chundur — Mahommed Wasil, Kilaaddr of Tdrmurry — Meer Mohib Buhhshy of Ehshdm the
26
262
KhSn Kutf Ah Khan and ShAh Noorullah Kh^n Ali
256
257 258
Urshudullali
GhulAm
247
248
Khan
AU KhAn,
244 245
-
Nabob of Sanore
nople, S^c,
234
-
-
-
Chishty Y^r the
-
..
-
-
-
lassy to Constantinople and France)
233
Xlv
at G*)oty
Ali,
to
-
-
-
270
271
-
-
.
.
-
-
-
—
CONTENTS.
xlvi
---«-. _.--...__
Letter.
214 245
246 247 248
249 250 25
1
252 253
254 255 256
257 258
259
260 261
262 263 264 265
To GhulAm Ahmed, Kdzy of Nugr Burhanuddeen
— — same -^— Nabob of Sanore — Burhanuddeen — ISIahommed Ah, Aiimil of Ufzuldbddy Nugr — Mahommed AabduUah, Cidivdl of Army — Darogha of Post at Putii -^, — Shumsuddeen Kh^n — Meer Mohib — Nabob of Sanore the
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
the
the
the
Ali
the
Office
.
— Shumsuddeen Khan — Burhanuddeen — Mirza Mahommed KMn Behadur Sumsrim — Meer Kazim, Muscat — Ghulani Mahommed, Auynil of Mangalore -
-
267
268 259
270 271
272 273 274 275
276 277
278
--
-
-
-
.
-
-
— 274 — —
_
275
.
_
276
— Sipahddr, Syed GhufFar — Burhanuddeen — same — Dileer Khan Behadur Dileer Jung — Burhanuddeen — of the Government
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
277
Mulk
-
-
-
-
-.-
-
-
282
-
_
-
284
-
-
the
285
_-.---
the
.
-
.
the principal Oflficers
286 288
— 289
-
(a circular) accompanied
by a Manifesto or Proclamation addressed to
266
273
278 280
ul
-
general
-
272
_.-.-_.-. .----. — .--_-..«-. --.-_-.._«. -.-..«_^ ----..--. — .
the
Page.
Mahommedans
in
..--_. .--.----- —— .--..- — ..------ —
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
— Commandant, Aabdul Nubby — RAjah Beeby — Ghiilam Munsoor, Aumil of — Fuzl Ah Khan — Sipahddr, Mahommed — Burhanuddeen — Meer Kazim (Muscat) — Meer Moaayenuddeen — Burhanuddeen — M*tev Gh\\\dm'Mo\\yviMccn, Kilaaddr of Kuvjun-good — Mahommed Mehdy, BuhJishy of Ehshdm Putn — GhulAm Husain, Aurungdhdd, and — Burhanuddeen the
Ali
-
Silcotah
.
-
-
-
-
-291
297
-
-
-
298
-
Ali
the
-
.
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
at
at
others (Circular)
299
300
-
-
-
-SOI -302
-
-
303
-
-
304
-
3^^
CONTENTS.
-.---_-.
Letter.
279 2/80
To Meer Moaayenuddeen
—
the
Commanders of
xlvii
the Five BArgeer Kuchurries
282 283
284 285
286
— Commanders Jyshe Kuchurries — Bukhshies of Ehsham Kuchurry — Syed Mahommed Khan, Buhhshj of — Urshud Baig Khan, of — Chishty Yar Khdn and Zynul Aabideen — Mahommed Yoosuf, Cutwdl of Bdxdr, accompanying — Mahommed Hyder, Dewdnof Nugr — Syed Mahommed Khan, Dewdn Nugr — Burhanuddeen — Budruz Zuman KhAn — AH Rajah Becby — Budruz ZumAn Khan — Aabdul Kurecm, Sipahddr of a Jushe Kuchurry — Rajah Ram Chundur — Ghulam Husain Khan, Munshoor of Bangalore — Burhanuddeen — Mahommed Ghyas Noor Mahommed KhAn — Rujub Ah, Kilaaddr of Gujundur Gurrh ^Ae
q/'
the
the
288 289
290 291
292 293
294 295 296 297
298
-
Calicut
Foitjddr
-
-
-
-
-
-
third
-
.
-
_
-
-
-
-
— —
-
-
309
310
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
at
-
-
-
-311 312
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-314
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-316
-
-
second.
o«rf
-
-
-
-319
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
802
Fro7n the same to the same
-
-
303
From the same to the same From the same to the same To BurhAnuddeen
305
306 307
308 309
310 311
312 313
314
—
-
-
-
-
321
— 322 —
-333 -335
...-.--..--_-. — — — .._.>--
-
-
-
-
-
-
336 337
Ten SipahdArs (Circular)
— Budruz ZumAn KhAn — BurhAnuddeen — MeerTurabAH — Sipuhddr, Mahommed AH — BurhAnuddeen — Zynu\ Aahklccn, Bukhshy of Ehsfulm — BurhAnuddeen -
the
—
-
317
-
-
-
315
318
301
304
313
..._.--. —— ---.-._. —
-
300
—
the Pre-
— Turbiyut AH Khan and Rajah Ram Chundur — MahommedShufeea, Ddrogha of the Artillery — Usud AH Khan, yroTW AH RizA awi Bal Mukn Doss
299
308
-
the
-
-
the Usiid Ilhyes
sence
287
#Ae T/to
307
and Suwar Ku-
churry
281
Page.
RAjah
-
338
-
341
.
342
at Chittkdoorg
-
-
—
343
344
RAm Chundur g 2
CONTENTS,
xlviti
Page.
Letler.
315
To Runinust Khtin, Nabob of Kurnool
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
344
520
— Ram Chundur 346 — — Khajeh Kh^n, andjour (Circular) — Meer Mahommcd SSdik, Deivdn of Hdzocr, or Presence 347 — Burhanuddeen .. — — Shumsiiddeeu Khan and Ghulam Hyuer, Ddroghds of losheh-
521 <>
—
316 317
318 319
R.ijah
Ibiid
-
otliers
the
-
-
-
-
-
Khdnek Rumnust Khan, Nabob of Kurnool
-----..,. — -.--__... -
—
525
526 3'23
328
329
330 331
332
5S5 •SS6
337 338
339
340 341
342
S43
844 •345 34(5
547 348 349 350 351
-
348 -
334
324
-
the
333
323
.
.
-
— Burhanuddeen — Sipahddr, Mahommed — Ghulam Khan, Mtinshoor of Bangalore — Kutbul Miilk — Mahmood AH Khan — Burhanuddeen — Kutbul Mulk — Meer Moaayenuddeen — Runmust Khan, Nabob of Kurnool — Kutbiiddeen Khan — Budruz Zuman Khan — Moal Chund and Sujan Rae, Agents Dehli
322
-
Ali
the
Hiisain
-
-
-
Mahommed
Biiklishy
the
the Hdvo'gUI^^
the
the
the
the
Ali,
rtf
-
-
-
-
-350
-
-
-
S5L
352
-
356 357
-
-
-
-
-
of the Ehshdm at ChUtledoorg
— Rajah of French — Monsieur Cossigny, Governor of Pondicherry — i'msy of — Burhaniiddeen — Shah Aabdullah Saheb — Ehsanullah Khan — Budruz Zuman Khan — Nabob of Sinore ~ Bukhshy of Ehsham Chittlcdoorg — Meer Futah Taahihddr of Chik Balapoor — Meer Jaafur WuffA-KhAny — Burh'Anuddeen — SyedGhuffir — Burhanuddeen — Budruz Zum^n Khan — KilaadSr of Seringapatam the
-
-
-
Humdany
Baig
Zynul Aabideen,
.
---------.--. ------.-.--. at
319
-
-
-
— 358 — 359 351
362 357
-
-
368
.
-
375
3G9
-379
-
-
-
380
—
._.----- — — .._---_....---- — --------at
-
-
381
382
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
383
384 385
386
390 391
CONTENTS.
Xlix
Letter.
352 353
354
To Burhdnuddecn the same
-_-..-____ -------. -----.._
353 357
358 559
360 S61
362 363
364 ^65 Z(i6
367 368
369
370 371
372 373
574 o 75
376 377 378
379
330 381
382 383 584 o 385
the
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the
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at
61
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Shilh, arid others
3«G
393
— 39^ — Ghous Mahommed Khan mid Mahommed Aka, Ddroghus of -Jinsy Tosheli-khdneh 395 — Monsieur Cossigny — Miildim Jung& 396 ... — Biirhanuddeen 39^ — Budruz ZuniAn Khan 393 — RAjah Ram Chundur 399 Mahommed Ibraheem, Amn'd of Ndgniungul 40O — Burhanuddeen -401 — Budriiz Zuman Khan -.402 — Kazy of Bangalore -40J — Kilaadar of Seringapatam 405 — Nubby Shah, Bangalore 40s — Musheor Mulk -407 Syed Mohyuddeen, Aumil of Huscotah -4ll — Shumsuddeen KhAn a«£^Ghulam Hyder 412 — Syed Ahmed Saheb 453 — Runmust Khan Bahadur — — Meer Ghiilam HCisain -414 — Burhanuddeen Budr6z Zuman Kh^n 415 — Biirhanuddeen -416 — RAjah RAm Chundur -417 -.— Syed Mahommed 418 — BurhAnilddeen -419 — Meer AH — --.. 420 — Syed Mahommed -Mahommed Ushruf 421 ,— Monsieur Cossigny 422 — Mahommed Baig Khan Humdany, and (Circular) 423 — Meer Ah 432 — Budruz Zuman Kli^n 433 — Monsieur Cossigny 435 — Syed Ahmed Saheb, Boodhun Nubby Sh4h, Kuleemiillah (Peer Zadehs, or Devotees) 435 — Mohyuddeen Ah Khan (Dewdn of Kurpah), Chishty YAr Khftn, -
356
Page.
Rajali
Rdm
Chundur, Nursia, and others (Circular)
-
-
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-
4S6
CONTENTS.
1 Letler,
387
388 389
390 391
392 393
394 395
396 o 97
398 399
400 401
402 403
404 405
406
407 408 409
410 411
412
Page.
To AbdiM Hukeem Khan R^jah Rdm Chundur
437
— 438 — Biikhshy of Ehsh4m Gooty — — Rajah Ram Chundur 439 — MohyiVldeen Ah Khan — — Meer Moaayenuddeen Kh^n 440 — Mahommed Ushruf — — Aabideen 441 — Soqjan Rae and Moal Chund, Agents Dehli 442 — Mahommed Ushruf -. 443 — Rajah Ram Chundur 444 — Boodhun Shah -. — — Monsieur Moneron — Shumsuddeen, and ^ Ghiilam Ah KhH Lutf Ah KhSn, ShSh -447 — Urshud Baig Khan 449 — Mahommed Eesau, Jiimil of Ufzuldbdd Nugr 450 — Dewans of ZuferabSd -451 — Mahommed Durwaish, &c. 452 — Ghulam Ghuzunfur 453 — — Budriiz Zuman Klian — TurbiyutAh Khan 454 — Mahommed Durwaish, and — — Dewan and 455 — Monsieur Lai — Monsieur Cossigny, Governor of Madras Gh£iWra Ah Khan (Circular) 456 the Imam of Muscat, and -458 _ Ghulam Ah Khan — Chishty Yar Khan awi Zynul Aabideen — — MohyCiddccn Ah Khan, Kurpah 459 anrfGh61am Ghuzunfur, 460 — Shumsuddeen KhSn — Monsieur Cossigny 462 — Urshud Baig Khan 463 — Dowans Cahcut 464 — Monsieur Cossigny — Shumsuddeen Kh^n 465 — — Miisheer dlMulk 466 — Ghuiam Hyder the
at
_---...
Zynfil
at
414 415 416 417
418 419
420 421
422 423
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-._.-.._ ----------_ --.«...
otJia'S
4.4.Q
---_
««<^
Noorfillah
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the
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/Ae
0/'
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Chittlcdoorg,
ly
others
the
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;
others
413
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jDeit'fi^rt,
^/;e
o/"
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i
at
.-------.._->--__._.--.__ ..-.----
CONTENTS.
li
-_.. -----
Letter.
424 425 426
To Syed
Mahommed
— YAkoob, ami Armenian Merchants — Mcer Moaayeniiddcen, Mah Mirza Khan Husain — Shumsiiddeen KhAn, &c. — DewAns of ZuferAbad — Rajah Ram Chundur — BudrCiz Zuman Khan — Meerlbraheem — Urshud Baig Khan — Kureem Saheb — Mahommed Dunvaish — Miilk Mahommed Kiitb6ddeen KhAn Behadur other
427
428 429
430 431
432 433
434 435
-..._.. -----_-_ ---_-.._
the
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Postscript
-
— 459 — 470
-471
-
--..
KCitbul
457 468
Ali
-
466
KhSn, and
BCirhiinuddeen,
-
P.ige.
-
-
—
472 473
474 484
APPENDIX.
_--_---.-_ Memorandum, with Translation
A.
Tippoo
B.
Extract from the Sultan's Memoirs, relative to the Expedition against
Sultan's
Preface
General Matthews
;
referred to in the Preface
C.
Tippoo's Agreement with his Father
D.
Historical Sketch of the
E.
Edicts, or
F.
Regulations resjjecting Spies
-
Commercial Regulations
;
;
;
referred to under Letter
Agreement of Meer Sadik
I,
Extract
;
Futhul
the
Marine Regulations
L,
An
CCLXX.
-
xi xi
referred to under Letter
XIX.
xxxiii
-
-
xlviii
-
-
xlix
referred to at Letter
referred to at Letter
XL.
LX VI I.
referred to under Letter
Miijahideen
;
;
referred to at Letter
CC.
;
referred to
CXIV.
-
at
Letter
referred
to
... ;
li
Ixiii
Ixvii -
-...-----
Outline of the Sultan's Military Establishment
Letter
][{
XVf.
CXXXVIL K.
.
....-..-
CIL
H.
from
I.
i
at Letter
Historical Sketch of the Patau Principality of Kurnool
under Letter
_
-
Shanoor Afghans; referred to
F.* Explanation of the Cypher
G.
;
referred to in the
;
Ixxvii
referred to at xcii
SELECT LETTERS,
LETTER
I.
Mahommed Alt, Sivperintendant of the Elephant Stables at Nugr;'^^^ dated Putn Cor SeringapatamJ, 2d of JBrJzr, Year Uzl.
To MiRZA
(17th February 1785.)
The
humble address [you] sent [us] has passed under [our] view,
and the circumstances submitted [therein]
You " of •*
are
write, " that the Mittmuddies^^^ attached to
ease and of lounging in
them
to see
is,
comprehended/^)
you have adopted habits that
and confer with the Taalukdai<*^
" quence of which " accounts of
Nugr, pretending
duly
of
it
is
necessary for
Nugr;
the conse-
that fifteen days are consumed in preparing the
one,(^)
and that nothing
is
done excepting at Nugrj
" though ( 1
(2)
i.e. Bidnore.
This may serve as a sample of the manner
in those that follow,
I
in
which most of these
letters
commence
shall cither abridge, or entirely omit, the introductory part.
(;j)
Clerks or Accountants.
(4)
The Manager
(5)
Or the meaning may
of a District. be,
"
neglect their ledger for fifteen days ata time. "
B
Z
SELECT JLETTEKS OP
" tliough a Kiinri/ " part of Nursia<")
Mi'dusuddi/^'''^
(agreeably to our orders) attends on the
to assist in the business."
This [representation] has caused [us] the utmost surprize.
When-
ever the MiltmialdieshfAongingio your department cease to yield you pro-
per obedience, you must.give them a severe flogging;'^) and making them prepare, with the greatest dispatch, the
and other papers required by
lists
our former orders, transmit the same duly to the Presence/^)
OBSERVATIONS. To
understand the foregoing
indeed,
is
it
is
necessary to suppose, what,
most probable, that the Elephant Mews, or Stables, were situated at
some distance from the town This
letter properly,
letter furnishes
not be conversant in the
a
of
Nugr.
proper occasion for cautioning the reader,
historj^,
who may
or acquainted with the genius, or frame, of the
native governments of India, against hastily drawing any general conclusions, with respect to the latter point,
The conduct
Sultan.
from the particular practice, or maxims, of Tippoo
of this prince was too
was too often the mere
commonly governed by
result of individual feelings
and character,
Thus, any one
should be led to infer, from the punishment here directed to be inflicted
on the in
and
to afford a just
criterion of the generality of Asiatic sovereigns, or Asiatic states.
who
caprice,
idle clerks of the elephant department, that
China and Russia) to
flog
is
customary
in
India (as
any but the menial servants of government
neglect of duty, would be greatly mistaken that castration was no
it
uncommon
:
as
he would,
also,
if
for
he supposed
penalty in that country, for corruption, or other
misdemeanors (6)
A Caiiaresc
(7)
The name
(8)
Original ^jjiijXip
(9)
There
" though stood
it
js
Clerk.
of the Manager. ldzianeh'ka)y.
considerable obscurity in
a A'uHry-jl/H^K«
rightly.
tliat
passage of the original, which
&c."
I
I
have rendered,
am, therefore, not certain of having under-
TIPPOOSULTAX. misdemeanors in the administration of public thought proper to threaten is,
that
because the ^'w/^aw sometimes
affairs,
The
fact
instructions to the governors of provinces,
and
delinquents with that punishment.
official
Hookm-ndmehs, or
his
all
3
others, conclude with a denunciation of the penalties to
which they
will
be
liable,
in case of disobedience or disregard of the orders contained in them.
Sometimes
these are generally stated, under the vague, but emphatic, term of
" the worst
of punishments or
two
was
instances,
is
" at others,
case,
actually
executed,
Whether I
am
Munro
Colonel
occasion he ordered
him
or not the latter
render the
to
an absolute
is
one
menace but
;
aftirmative
fact that
on one
the male population of a particular village, which
all
the practice of
stating
;
It
is
Hyder
but there
of the father was not
the son.
it
crucifixion, in
had
offence, to be castrated.
What means of
me, that
assures
as
;
not able to determine
nothing in the character of Tippoo Sultan
unlikely.
given
they are specifically named
and emasculation, in others.
any
in
ever,
there
:
is
much
certain,
Ali was on
sufficient
similar occasions, I have not the
reason
to suspect,
that
calculated to restrain the severity,
indeed,
as
learn from
I
the example
or cruelty,
of
Colonel Wilks, that Tippoo
himself was once publicly bambooed (or caned) by order of Hyder, in whose
good graces he would never appear strongly confirmed,
Sen'ngapatam,
in
by a most
to
have stood very high.
which
curious original document,
the year 1/99,
vvhile
employed
in
This opinion I
met
>vith
is
at
examining the mass of
papers discovered more immediately after the capture of the place.
I
found
it
amongst a variety of other papers of the time of Hyder, deposited in a basket or box, where It
is
it
had probably remained undisturbed and forgotten ever since
a narrow
slip,
or " an agreement
square seal,
;"
about twelve inches in length
beneath which words
resembling,
in
all
respects,
Sultan, and bearing, together with the (liigera)^'"
The
instrument
itself is
(10)
The (as
the usual
without date
signet, or ring-seal, of the
;
Sultan, " the date
but
it
" 1184
"
must, of course, have
been
existence of this seal satisfactorily proves
his birth.
top, .uU.IjI
2
cominonly supposed) upon succeeding
given him, probably, at
entitled, at
is
the imjjression, in ink, of a small
name " Tippoo
B Tippoo
is
:
his death.
tliat
Sultan was not a
his father, l)ut
made
title
assumed by
part of the
name
SELECT LETTERS OF
4
been executed some time between the year 1769 (the period when the engraved) and 1782, in which is
a short
say, 1
I
year
last
Hyder
endorsement of two or three words,
died. in
On
the back of this paper
Canarese, which,
I
am
sorry to
cannot explain.
am
equally unable to determine, whether this interesting
hand-writing of the Sultan.
certainly bears but
It
document
in the
is
resemblance to the
little
specimens exhibited in a great variety of notes and memorandums, written by in the latter part of his
change
in a period of
But
life.
which happen
to
be in
my
possession, were written
and of
obtained two or three at Serlngapatam that had belonged to him.
This
an
air of
silver
much
pen, which he was
occasioned his later writing (at least what
and crabbedness, of whirh there
stiffness
besides which, I suspect that most
in the practice of using,
with a gold or I
:
him
might well undergo a material
his hand-writing
twenty or thirty years
of the articles of his writing
which
was
seal
I
is
have seen of
to have
it)
not near so great an appearance in the
document under consideration.
But
not essential to the authenticity of this paper that
it is
written in the Sultans
and
to the seal establishes
its
own hand.
The
place in which
internal evidence furnished
genuineness
;
by
its
it
it
should have been
was discovered, joined
extraordinary tenor, sufficiently
but whether the engagement
it
contains was voluntarily
entered into by the Sultan, or exacted by Hyder, does not appear.
however,
is
latter,
not unlikely to have been the case, notwithstanding what the writer
himself declares in the eighth
After this general account of the document
article.
in question, I proceed to present the reader with a translation of
it
satisfaction of those conversant in the language of the original, a is
The
;
and, for the
fac-similc of
it
given in article C. of the Appendix. "
" 1.""
I will
AGREEMENT.
not do [any] one thing without the pleasure of your blessed
" jesty. Lord of Benefits [or
my
bountiful Lord]
" whatever manner may seem fittmg
to
:
if I
do, let
me
your auspicious mind.
be punished, in
One
article."-'
« (11)
The
articles are not
numbered
in the original, but divided
by
of them. (12) Original
JwiJ/j
which
is
repeated at the end of each
article.
lines
Ma-
2.
If
drawn under each
TIPPOO SULTAN. " 2.
in the affliirs of the
If,
" fraud, great or
"
Sircar,
small, let me, as
"
5
should commit theft, or be guilty of
I
the due punishment thereof, be strangled.""
One article.
"3. ''
be guilty of prevarication, or misrepresentation, or of deceit, the
If I
due punishment thereof " 4.
this
same strangulation.
Without the orders of the Presence,
" Nitzzers, &c. " cibly]
"
:
if I
One "
is
5.
If,
;
One
article.
will not receive
I
neither will I take things from any one [meaning perhaps for-
do, let
my
nose be cut
off,
and
let
me be
driven out from the city.
article.
excepting on the
of
affairs
Sircar,
tlie
I
should hold conversation
" [probably cabal or intrigue] with any person, or be guilty of
" me, "
punishment thereof, be stretched on a
in
Whenever
6.
from any one,
One
cross.
a country shall be committed to
" and an army be placed under
my command,
I will
my
deceit, &c., let
article.
charge by the Sircar,
carry on
all
business regard-
" ing the same, with the advice, and through the medium of such confidential " persons
" such "
as
may be
affairs
appointed [for the purpose] by the Sircar
through any other channel than
this, let
me
;
and
if I
transact
One
be strangled.
article.
"
7.
If there should be
any occasion
for correspondence
by writing, or to buy
" or give [away] any thing, or any letters should arrive from any place, I will do
" nothing [in such matters] without the concurrence and advice of the person
" appointed by the "8.
One
Sircar.
have written and delivered these few
I
" keeping the contents whereof
"
article accordingly.
"
let
me
article,
If
I
my
forget this,
be punished, agreeably
It will not,
in
of
my own
remembrance,
heart's
and act
articles
in
I
any other [or
will
free
will:
act in each
different]
manner,
to the foregoing writing."
perhaps, be wondered
at,
that one, to
whom
the idea of corporal
punishment, even in his own person, would seem, from the preceding instrument, as (13) certain.
death."
Original oljjubj^ of the meaning of It
may
possibly
signify,
'
wliich expression
to extinguisli,"
I
am
far
from being
and hence, figuratively, "
to put
to
SELECT LETTERS OF
6
from Colonel Wilks's report, to
as well as
to the
Musnud, should,
after that event,
liave
been familiar, before
his accession
have applied the practice, with similar
disregard to the rank or station of offenders,
to
those then
subjected to his
authority.
Before
I
dismiss this subject
it
may be
proper to notice, that the style of the
foregoing document (and especially of the seventh article)
and
indistinct
:
but, even at a
is
extremely perplexed
more advanced period of the Sultans
life,
most of
the productions of his pen (as was observed on a former occasion) were characterized
by the same involved structure of sentences, frequently creating considerable
obscurity in the sense.
LETTER
II.
To JMeer Kazim, Commercial Consul, or Chief of the Factort/ at Muscat; ivritte7i in the Night of the 5th of Byazy. (20th Fehruary.') Propose
to the merchants of Muscat, (and get the Imaum^^^ to issue
orders to the same effect,) to bring hither, on the empty Ditigies,^^^ such
horses as they
may have
for sale
;
which being sold to
us, the
owners can
carry back the produce in rice.
OBSERVATIONS. Several letters in this collection, as well as the present one, are dated at ni^ht
a circumstance that does not denote
them
to
be of any urgency or particular importance
(1)
The
A
Prince, or Sovereign, of Muscat.
employed
between the Malabar Coast and the Gulfs of given to a kind of canoe used on the Ganges. By empty Dingies, may be meant cither Dingics of Miucat, proceeding in ballast to the Coast of Malabar ; or A>i;g^J« belonging to the ports of Maiigalore or Calicut, and returning thither (2)
small vessel
Pcrsia&nA Arabia
from Muscat,
:
the same
in the traJe
name
is
alter discharging their cargoes at the latter place
the former are intended.
:
but
it
is
most probable that
TIPPOOSULTAN. importance
one might be led to suppose), but merely shows the diligent
(as
application of the Sultan to business after
midnight. (3)
carries with
it
an
Its insertion in
the word
;
such
a
7iigJit
Muscat;
air of affectation.
not, perhapSj without
that petty state.
here implying some time
dispatch as the preceding one, certainly
Tippoo Sultan was very desirous of establishing
If
7
some
ulterior
a
commercial intercourse with
view to a
The encouragement which he
political
connexion with
held out, for this purpose, to the
merchants of Muscat, as well as his own particular notions of trade, will appear in the sequel.
LETTER To
Mahommek Ghyas;
Your
letter
regulated
demand
money
its
ready.
is
bankers'
it,
dated 6fk of Byazy.
of the 19tli of Eezudy
and the whole of
ceived,
IIL
bills
[5th of February] has been re-
The Jixed or
are comprehended.
contents
Whenever
to the
(2\st February^
the chiefs of that place \Poonih~\
amount
shall be forwarded.
Representations of the contumacious conduct of the Zeminddr oi Ner-
guild were frequently transmitted [by us], in the course of
Noor Mahommed Khun, who, no the chiefs there [Poonah~\.
government, maintained Rasta.^'^
he
is
?
like this,
The
may
;
doubt, communicated the same to
all
If a petty Zeminddr, and a subject of our
not be punished,
justice of this
how
shall
our authority be
argument was admitted, even by Rao
Thus the chastisement of
brought to reason from thence
be well
last year, to
this [/. e.
Zeminddr became
necessary.
by the Mahiattah chiefs]
it
If
will
otherwise he will be exterminated.
Let (3)
For some further account of the manner of
(1)
For an account of
this
ilividing the night, see Letter
personage, see Letter VIH.
CCCLXII.
SELECT LETTERS OF
8 Let the Gumdshteh
(^^
of Apajee
Rao receive a monthly
stipend of four
j)agodas.
You must
not admit the Brahmens^^'^ to a participation in the conduct
You and Noor Mahommed Khun
of any secret negotiation.
[alone] are
jointly to transact [all such affairs].
If the chiefs of that place, forgetting our past favors, should dispatch
an army to the assistance of the Zeminddr of Nergiind, what sio-nify
We
?
will it
have, under the divine blessing, sent a strong force to
reduce Nergund, and are in no fear of
its
any misfortune from
suffering
their armv.
A
N.B. written to
letter,
to
the same effect as the above, and of the same date,
Noor Mahommed Khan
(the colleague of
immaterial addition, respecting some
bills
Mahommed
vi^as
Ghyas) with an
of exchange.
OBSERVATIONS. Mahommed Ghyas Khan
and Noor
diplomatic agents of Tippoo Sultan,
Mahommed Khan at
Poonah.
probably, at the head of the mission, since singly to him, and in
all
of
them
his
name
many
stands
were, at this time, the
former of them was,
The
of the letters are addressed
Noor Mahommed Khan,
first.
however, would seem to have resided longest at the Mahrattah court, to >vhich, there
is
The
reason to believe, he had been originally deputed by
present correspondence
commences
just at the period
1785 broke out between the Sultan and the Mahrattahs after
Hyder AH.
;
some time, joined by Nizam Ali Khan, who sent
when
the latter of a
the war of
whom were,
considerable
body of
troops to act with their army.
The (2)
An Agent.
Apajcc Rao was i>robably a Mulirattah Chief,
in
the interest of
Tippoo
Sultan. (3)
i.
e.
the
sec Letters
Brahmens attached
CLXV. andCLXVIL
to the Mission.
For further particulars respecting whom,
TIPPOOSULTAN. The
ostensible, or
on the one hand,
more immediate cause of the present
to the right
macious tributary
;
who
;
which
to the protection
affected to think,
at the
same time, on
and to another mihtary
But
it
different superiors
Malirattah
;
Empire,
to
tliis
Hke
in
in various shapes,
rendering to one Puishaish, or tribute
service.*'
was not merely, or perhaps
principally, for the purpose of supporting the
Zemituldr of Nergdnd, that the Mahrattah Government took up arms
They had
the Sultan.
traced,
which the Mahrattah
manner with many other Zeminddrs and Polygdrs, who depend, and
te
to
is
incumbent on them to extend
it
a feudatory of the
perhaps,
was,
Pupture,
Sultan assumed of chastising a contu-
tlie
and, on the other,
Government thought, or offender
9
claims on
him
for considerable
discharge of which he had hitherto refused or evaded
and
;
a^^ainst
arrears of tribute, the it
was, probably, less
with a view of befriending the obnoxious Zeminddr, than of enforcing these claims, that they appealed to the sword. It will
be seen in the sequel, that though the Sultan succeeded in
signal chastisement on
pay the Mahrattahs
his
rebellious tributary,
a considerable
sum
accounts, than forty lachs of rupees."^
of
of the arrears of tribute claimed by them, never met with the
he was, nevertheless,
money
Whether is
inflictino-
;
this
not
less,
a
oblio'ed to
according to some
was the whole, or only part
unknown
to the translator,
who
has
treaty concluded between the belligerent powers, about the
beginning of the year 1787.
The Nlzdm,
during this war,
\oit
Adoni ; which,
however, was restored to him by the peace.
By
the Jixed, or regulated sum, sjjokcn of by the Sultan in the present
he means the Palshcush, or
tribute,
to the Government of Poonah
or designate, certainly
is.
Those who negociated our
Company
in
inferiority, first
v\hich the
word Pahlieush
treaty with the court of
they agreed to pay an annual Palshcush to the
which concession they India
treaties to iiay
but which he does not think proper to recognize,
by any term denotive of
less nice, since
were
;
which he was bound by former
virtually, but,
Hyderabad
Nizam
;
(5)
The
by
the term Paishmsh,
C own Memoirs arc
:
no doubt, unconsciously, placed the East-
the situation of a vassal to that chieftain
(4) Tlie Sultan' s
letter,
entirely
in siioiit
on the subject of Nogund.
Sultan himself, in his Memoirs, states the
sum
at
twelve lads of nipres.
SELECT LETTERS OP
10
as used in India, signifying tribute
and
in its restrained sense,
being applied to presents, excepting to those of a subject to It
inferior to a superior.
might be
lost, in
The
the abuse being extended
this
:
is
consideration throughout India, and
The
and usages. respects,
among
There
shadow of power.
time
is
past,
when
liis
lord, or
from an
may
is,
usurpers of this, and
they have
in proportion as
and marks of preeminence,""
the revolutions of time, the substance,
possession of this
no case
now, and may be deemed needless, to
difficult
obtain the suppression of this degrading appellation. similar vain distinctions
in
and
;
be more safely indulged in the
happily,
equally precluded
no longer any danger of
by our increased
by our improved knowledge of
political
languages
its
the general ignorance that prevailed, in these
the Company's servants, placed the interests and the honor of their
employers and of the nation, but too
much
mercy of native agents and
at the
interpreters.
There
is
only one more remark suggested by the preceding for sincerity,
be allowed credit
due by him
to the Mahrattahs,
when he
declares himself ready to
immediately on demand,
it
Sultan
If the
letter.
pay the arrears
will necessarily follow,
that the question of tribute was not the principal one with that state, any
than with
its
ally the
Nizdm, whom, indeed,
possibly, thought to oppose
Both governments,
it
more
could only remotely concern.
some check
to the rising
power
of the Sultan, whose ambitious views had begun to develope themselves, in a
manner In
that might well
this case,
with
the
will
it
Sultans
awaken the jealousy, and
be easy to account professed
readiness
excite the fears of his neighbours.
for the
Mahrattahs not being
discharge
to
their
satisfied
pecuniary demands
(however sincere they might think him in that respect), but insisting on his designs against Nergiind.
relinquishing his
On
the whole,
it
seems highly
probable, that he would have avoided a war at this time, if he could have
done so
(6)
Amongst
these, the
India, in writing even to the
under the as
British
modes of address empIoyeJ by many of the Pseudo-princes of Enghsh governors, and otlier persons in high official situations
Government, deserve
would not now be tolerated,
if
to be particularly noticed
attempted to be introduced
advantage was taken of our inexperience to
many
entitle J.
of wiiich,
I
am
in other
inclined to think,
;
some of them being such The same
for the first time.
matters of a ceremonial kind
wc do not occupy
;
with regard
the station to which
we
are
TirPOOSUJLTAN. SO consistently with the
" maintenance of
11
his authority" (as
he himself expresses
or without submitting to the disgrace of being prescribed to
it),
power.
His
possible
moment,
favorite object, hostilities
and most ardent
desire,
against the English
was
by
a forei^-n
to resume, at the earliest
and though he might think
;
himself equal, without the help of the INIahrattahs and Nizdm, to the successful prosecution of that design, yet he would, at
powers during
its
With
progress.
least,
wish
for the neutrality of those
a view to the undertaking alluded to, he had
already resolved upon reverting to his former alliance with the French
cherished the hope of being soon enabled, by the renewal of
;
and he
connexion with
his
that nation, to give vent to his always ill-concealed hatred of their rivals. this ever-predominating bias of his
period,
him
when the
mind, and to his eager anticipation of the
successful termination of his negociations with
in a condition to execute his projects against the English,
great measure, be ascribed the advantageous peace
of
Poonah and Hyderabad,
at the
contest.
The
which he granted
his enemies very
wilHng
proved alike fallacious
his neighbours,
end, he was compelled, prematurely and single-handed, to
an unequal struggle with the combined forces of
LETTER To TuRBiYUT Ali
Khan
and Rajah
of Byazy.
*'
may, perhaps,
in a
to the courts
to retire
from the
reader already knows, that his expectations from France, and his
hopes of conciliating
Your
France would put
end of a war, in which he certainly gave such
made
proofs of military superiority, as
To
letter
all
;
and
commit
that, in the
his fortunes in
the })Owers of the Peninsula.
IV.
Ram Chundur
j<:')
dated \2th
(2'Jth Fehruary.^
has been received.
You
write,
*'
that
the European
[formerly] taken prisoner in the Pdi/en-ghaiU,^'^^ and whose original
C (1)
These were
Turbiyut
Ali
officers at
KhTin (wlio,
I
Bangalore. believe,
tioiied in Oiinc's History) ajjiiears to
(2)
The
country below the Chants.
Ram Chundur
was a
" allowance
2 was the Deudn of
grjuid^oii of tlie
tlic
Kuchuny
;
MCirtuza Ali of yinuf, nisn-
have been the Chief Collector of
tiie
District.
SELECT LETTERS OF
12
of two fanams^^^ a day had been,
consequence of his
in
'*
allovA-ance
*'
misbehaviour, reduced to one, being skilled in the mortar practicCj^*)
*'
you proposed converting him to the
**
on the subject."
known
It is
faith,
for our orders
and wished
(or understood).
Admittino- the aforesaid to the honor of Islamism, you will continue
iwofanams a
to pay him, as before,
the
firino- at
We
flag.^^^
day.
Let him
also be
employed in
have ourselves, however, brought the mortar
practice to that degree of perfection, that children, of ten
and eleven
years of age, are taught to hit the point of a spear. as you propose, engage a sweeper, at the
You may,
ten or twelve /owo?/?5, and employ
in
sweeping out the jRung-nmhl,^^l
Deivdny and EhshdmS'^
halls of the
and the public
him
monthly wages of
OBSERVATIONS. The European soldiers
who had
numbers of
the misfortune to
whom
of Mangalore.
It is
The
into the
fall
he forcibly detained,
was to be compelled to do so.
spoken of was, no doubt, one of those unhappy British
licre
hands of
this cruel
enemy
;
and
in spite of the stipulations of the treaty
not quite clear, whether the subject of the present letter to
latter,
embrace Mabommedanism, or had expressed a readiness
however,
is
not so likely as the former
;
though there
is
reason to believe, that some few of our wretched countrymen were induced to npostatize, with the view of alleviating the intolerable hardships of their situation.
The (3)
A favam
is
equal to about eighupence.
(4) Original JjJ^j\S)\iJ\LJ
^
i. e.
The
art of firing at a flag [with]
mortar shells (or
bombs). (5) It is not
but
this
distinctly said that
he was to be employed
in /eac/uV?^" the mortar-practice,
was probably meant.
(6)
A
(7)
DeuHiny
painted apartment. is
Most palaces,
the revenue department.
state retinue, as the term implies.
as well as that at Bangalore, contain one.
The Ehshdm were
a description of guards, or
TIPPOOSULTAN. The
amused by the
reader will be
13
ostentatious boast
made by the
the perfection to which he had brought the practice of gunnery
probably, some exaggeration in his statement,
is,
had accomplished much
The
particularly in matters of
letters
It
but a
still
may seem
thought
number
much
less
faith so,
Mahommedan, :
will appear in
Hindoo
in a
(as
commission
objects,
the course of tliess
Rajah
Ram Chundur
was)
for converting a Christian
but this proceeding, however strange,
will
probably be
than another of a somewhat similar nature, noticed under
CCCXXXI II.
LETTER To
what low and minute
to
are omitted.
rather extraordinary, that a
Mussulman
to the
cannot be denied, that he
it
economy, the mind of the Sultan was accustomed to
greater
should be joined with a
Letter
show
Other instances, of the same kind, ;
but though there
in this respect.
directions, relative to the sweeper,
stoop.
:
Sultan, of
the
We
Governor of Pokdicherry,
V.
dated I9th Byazy.
have had the pleasure to receive your agreeable
(6th 3Iarch.')
letter,
informing
us that peace has lately been concluded in Europe, between the King of
France and the English,
in
consequence of which the port of Pondichcny
has been restored to the French. satisfaction.
You must
let
us
This information has afforded us
know [what you
[expected] arrival of ships belonging to you as
how
far
Monsieur Suffrein
is
[_i.
learnj]
e.
much
respecting the
your nation], as well
advanced in his voyage.
OBSERVATIONS. 1
believe this letter contains
almost the only instance in which the
of
bestowed upon any European sovereign by Tippoo Sultan,
Bddshdh, or King,
is
who appears, on
other occasions, to have thought as
all
title
if this
designation would
be
SELECT LETTERS OF
14
be degradedj by being applied to any but a prince professing the faith
he, therefore, generally affected to call, not only the
:
own
but his
friend
and
the
ally,
King
of France,
Rdjah
Mahommedan
King of England, intending,
;
by
this
ingenious contrivance, to intimate (though, of course, not to those so addressed) that he considered
and,
fact,
in
as
them
as
nothing superior to the petty Hindoo Rdjahs of India,
What
Idolaters.
rendered this appellation the more insulting
was, that though originally, and strictly, signifying a King,
extremely common, the in the service
least,
it
had now become
being borne, as has been seen, by one Hindoo, at
title
of the Sultan himself, and being frequently bestowed on
by the
their subjects of that religion,
different upstart rulers of the
dismembered
empire of Hindostan.
For
a
more
distinct
view of the sentiments entertained by Tippoo Sultan, with
respect to Christians in general, the reader
is
referred to the Preface to Colonel
Wilks's History of Mysore, where they are exhibited in the most undisguised
manner,
in
The same
an extraordinary letter
in the Sultans
letter
from the Sultan to the
occurs, with very little variation
General Macleod,
from Zynul Aabideen's copy,
own Memoirs.
LETTER Mahommed Ushruf,
To
late
GooTY
;
VI.
DaroghJ^^^ of the Deivaxy Kuchujiry of
(Idled
16lh of Byazy.
(3d March.')
Your letter has been received, and its contents are duly understood. You write, " that the JBdzdr price of Kiirg pagodas was thirteen " faiunns and three-quarters, but that you had advanced the same one " fanam and four annas, and issued them, at this rate, to the Piddehs " of the Ehshdmr^
It
is
known.
You
will fix the value
of the
pagoda (
1
(2)
A
superintendant or overseer.
See Note 7 of Letter IV.
Pidcleh
means a
foot soldier
;
but the term
is
almost
exclusively applied to infantry, or foot soldiers formed on the irregular plan of the natives.
TIPPOO SULTAN. pagoda
at
one fanam above the market
raising
the exchange
exchange, and issue
price, or
There
at that rate, to the servants of the State.
it,
15
higher than this standard
is
and,
;
has been heretofore repeatedly signified to you.
this
no necessity for accordingly,
It surprises us
extremely, that you should nevertheless pursue the suggestions of your
own
fancy.
OBSERVATIOXS. No
prospect of advantage could tempt the Sultan to wink at any contravention
of his
positive
The
orders.
uncommon one
in India.
operation,
financial
The Sultans
To Shah Noorullah is
a
letter
JBu.ssorah,
The Governor of Su^sorah has
to our letter to him, saying that he [i. e.
Such being the expedition,
will learn
to
our
(1)1 suppose the Grand Signior ^^Ijjti-vwi^jl
former it
[further]
likewise written an
from
answer
Court of the King.
case, that eminent person^->
FukhurUhnUbdruk, and giving
(2) Originul
(9th March.')
had sent forward the aforesaid Khdn
his colleagues]] to the
agreeably
guilty.
and subsequent departure from
You
thence for the presence of the King.(')
and the others
by the
which has been received from Othnian Khan,
&c. reporting their arrival at
perusal.
not an
Vir.
dated 22d of JByJzv.
;
is
displeasure was not occasioned
LETTER
its
of,
by the disobedience, of which the Darogha had been
oppression, hut
Enclosed
here spoken
must use the utmost
orders,
such repairs as
to be Iiere
meant.
meaniijg Sliah Noordlliili.
in
docking the ship
may
be required.
SELECT LtTTERS OF
16
OBSERVATIONS. The
embassv, here alluded
stantinople,
At the head of
in the year 1784.
some time
Othman Khan, who had at
was that which the Sultan dispatched to Con-
to,
formerly
the station of
filled
Madras, and was afterwards associated with
the other ambassadors, sent in the year
1
object of his mission to Constantinople,
I
no documents regarding
On
it.
Khan, together with Shah
Ali
place; but, in
fact,
Hyder
Mahommed
it
was
Ali Khan's f^'aheel
Durwaish Khan, and
What
787, by sea, to France.
am
not able to
the return, or recall, of
Mahommed
state,
was the
having met with
Othman Khan, Ghulam
Nooriillah, was dispatched ostensibly to supply his
with instructions to proceed from Constantinople to France.
This design, however, was subsequently relinquished by the Sultan, who substituted, in
its
more
stead, the
direct mission
by
sea,
noticed above.'"
LETTER Vm. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and
Noor Mahommed Khan
Extra Ahmedy, Year Jvllo.
;
dated 1st of
(\%lh March?)
In consequence of the chiefs of that place [PoonaJi] forgetting their obligations to us, Ave have
come
to the positive determination of taking
possession of the territory situated on the banks of the KishnaS^^
therefore written,
that if your ncgociation
heart's desire,
well
leave of
Rao
it is
Riista,
:
if not,
proceeds according to our
you and Noor
must repair
It is
Mahommed Khan,
taking
to tiie Presence.
The on tiie authority of a French writer, that Othman Khan, and were put to death by the Sultan on their return from France. A great part, if not the whole of the correspondence of Othman Khan, during his rcsiden( e at Madras, was found at Seriiigapatam, amongst tlie records of ilyder Ali's time. These letters (3)
one of
Major Stuart
relates,
his coliia;:;ues,
would throw considerable (1)
That
is,
all
liglit
on many of the
the country as
far
political transactions of that period.
as the Kishna.
TIPPOOSULTAN. The 14th
of Ahmcdi/'-'>
of ungraciousness'')
on for our marchnig
fixed
is
[on their part], you
17
^
in case, therefore,
;
proceed with
will
haste to
all
our Presence.
You
write, that Peer
Mahomnied
the Mahrattah minister in the
JMiinshy (who,
when he accompanied
received sixty rupees)
field
being
now
reduced to forty rupees a month, and having the incumbrance of a large
known.
If the
to the Presence, let
him be
family, finds his salary inadequate to their support.
accompany you
aforesaid should intend to
paid sLxty rupees a month
;
It is
but, otherwise, forty rupees
is sufficient.<^^>
OBSERVATIONS. The Sultans
Poonah
instructions to his envoys at
will
be found to be marked
In speaking of the Mahrattah Govern-
throughout with considerable indecision.
ment, he assumes, in general, a very lofty and menacing tone standing, pretty evident, that he
is
not averse to reconciliation.
;
it
is,
He
notwith-
frequently
betrays the irritation of his mind, and, in these moods, issues the most peremptory
They,
orders to his agents to quit Poonah.
where they appear
to have continued
till
the
nevertheless, remain at their post,
month of May
(1786), or during the greatest part of the war.
The
the conduct of the Sultan, would, no doubt, be
more
of the following year
reason of this fluctuation in intelligible
than
it is,
if
we
were in possession of the dispatches of the envoys, as well as those of their master. It
is
true, that the substance,
former,
is
(agreeably to the
and perhaps the
common
India) recited in the answers to
them
entire contents of
up
i. e.
Of
of the
practice in the epistolary correspondence of ;
but
still it
D (2)
many
the second, or ensuing Ahmcdjj.
is
reasonable to suppose, that
many Yet he would not appear to have followed
this resolution.
(3)
Original i^JL^aSa also incivility, unkindncss, &c.
(4)
Tlu; Sultan was at
his court
;
all
times desirous of drawing Mussulmans, of every description, to
but not equally liberal of pecuniary aid to such adventurers, as will be seen, on
more occasions than one,
in the
course of these
letters.
SELECT LETTERS OF
8
J
many
particulars are unnoticed in these
or summaries,
brief capitulations,
knowledge of which would materially elucidate the transactions
The
the
in question.
Rastas are a family of considerable eminence and weight in the Mahrattah
(Unpire, being nearly allied to the
They
Paiskwa.
have, generally, been distin-
guished for their favourable disposition towards the Mysore ruler, in consequence of which, of
it
Poonah
The
was usual
for
most negociations between the
latter
to be conducted through them.
obligations of the Mahrattah state to
Hyder
Ali
Khan and They
are often alluded to in the course of the following letters. larly stated in his letter to the
on the
subject, in his
" Previously
King
of France
making war
to the resolution of
particu-
against the Nazarenes
Hyder
(i. e.
Ali
before
Khan) the
and defeated by the English, had
to great straits,
[actually] filled their houses with straw,
and prepared
to
burn the city of Poonah.
they dispatched four of their principal and confidential people
this situation
" to our
more
are
and he thus expresses himself,
the English by
hostilities against
" Mahrattahs being reduced
" In
^'
;
his successor,
Memoirs.
" the commencement of
"
and the government
late father,
with
letters,
accompanied by oaths and deceitfid engagements,
"
soliciting the grant of a fort within
*•
their chief (more worthless, in truth, than a horse keeper).^"*^
"
trusty persons (who, in fact, were not to be trusted) arriving in the presence of
" our deceased
father (whose place
is
our dominions, wherein they might lodge
Accordingly these
in Paradise) represented, that being
broken
" down [or discomfited] by the English, they were on the point of abandoning their
" country, within eight "
that, in these circumstances,
" ness;
which the Nazarenes were arrived
coss of [the capital of]
:
they could look for help to no one but his High-
that their master was a child,
the preservation of whose
" country, and wealth, by the Ussiid Ilhye
"'
state,
life,
honor,
would confer an obligation,
" which (5)
See Letter
CCCXXXVI.
(6) la the original
Syie (or horsc-keepcr) or
j») is
^_^,Ujl jJJj i^-juto- j^^ i^
^^ ^j^'j
introduced for the sake of a jingle
^jj}':^ji Iw witli tlie
where the word
word
Btjsc (a chief
leader). (7)
The
Sultan gave various denominations to
as in this place, the
ddddd Sircar.
Ussud Ilhyc Sircar
:
liis
at otliers,
government or the
state.
It
was sometimes,
Hydcry, the Ahmedy, and
tiie
Klio-
TIPPOO SULTAN. " which would continue " existed
be acknowledged, as long
any of the
as
Madho Raos
and, finally, imploring his Highness to consider their chief in the light
;
" of a son.
"
to
19
These representations were seconded,
whose country had
Khan,'*'
also
on the part of Nizam Ali
whom
been threatened by the English, and
" the Mahrattahs had prevailed on, by promises and engagements, to espouse
"
and
their cause,
to interest himself in their favour (with
our
late father)
;
in
" consequence of which he, accordingly (through the Mahrattah Vukeeh), made " certain proposals,
ratified
" our father (who reposes
on the Koran,
to his Highness, our father.
in Paradise) agreed
to their propositions,
Hereupon
and resolved
" on war with the English, notwithstanding the opposition made to the measure
" by the
" and
chiefs of the state,
tedious;
that there
who
represented that the war would prove arduous
was no necessity
for his
"
another's house
*'
and Nizam Ali) were both of spurious
origin,
"
entitled to the least credit or faith.
Our
"
'
"
'
"
'
upon himself; that these two impure ones (namely Madho Rao
a traditionary saying of the Prophet
" thoughts, have any
[shall
ye judge]."
"
It
We
:
and neither
them under
lay
Almighty
" desiring that "
still
and the Hydery
on
his
his progress
at every stage.
that
this obligation:
will requite
state, that
it
was
if
they
them with
evil:'
this occasion]
between
no peace should be entered into all
three.
way, we wrote to the chiefs
Accordingly,
while
who accompanied him,
might be retarded, by amusements and entertainments
In the interim,
" the chief of the Mahrattahs, " ago, and during the
'
for war.
" with the English, except with the knowledge of " Sadlier was
words nor actions
Verily only by deeds, and not by
was further stipulated by the treaty concluded [on
these two bastards
their
illustrious father replied,
—"
evil designs in their hearts, the
" and, so saying, he prepared
"
drawing the misfortunes of
we
wrote ten or twelve letters to Miidho Rao,
though he had, upwards of a year
that
stating,
life-time of our illustrious
father
(who reposes
in Paradise)
" secretly, and without our knowledge, concluded a separate peace with the Eng-
"
lish,
"
to us.
yet he had not, to that moment, '
It
is
well
[we proceeded]
:
D (S)
made any communication on our pleasure
yours.
The
confidential
«
2
Called, iatlic original, Hiijj^m Nully Kiiaii
CCCl.I.
is
the subject
:
for
an explanation of
'
Avliich see
agents Letter
20
SELECT LETTERS OF
'
agents of the English are on the
'
to sohcit peace
'
letter,
'
If,
we may
that
their
own country
to our Presence,
such be your pleasure, signify your demands to us
if
:
way from
you
treat for
at the
same time that we
treat for ourselves.
on the other hand, you should have actually concluded a separate peace
we may
'^>dthe«t our knowledge, let us be informed thereof, in order that *
about a peace for the Hydery
sent
" In
word
theirs
manner did we,
this
of the English ambassador VaTieel at our court to this
'
we have
'
master.
'
given.
'
to be
You,
Now done
also,
fifteen
letters,
different
in
;
at
is
To this
relatives [of the
Paishwa], replied by
whose words and actions no reliance was
'
had already passed, in expectation [of hearing from thence].
'
longer
[continued he]
'
English
;
*
fellows,'"' in order that I
and,
'by reproaches
'
some
jierson,
dismissing
may be
who
shall
your
who
letter
:
that his ministers, &c. were whoresons,""' on
to
wait
let
me
to
?
be placed
;
and that
six '
months
How much
Conclude your peace w ith the
proceed to those good-for-nothing
enabled to deal with them personally, either
or a sound bastinade;
shameful conduct.'
prevent,
'''
and, by this means, bring forward
for the
future,
the
recurrence of
snch
"
" After
this,
months
longer, during
we
me,
to
the Mahrattah P^aheel,
'
you
which period
hand, what would you advise
that his master
are
arrival
but to neither has any answer been
'
;
with us,
means, managed
on the subject of peace,
Let us know your opinion.'
was an infant
by
months on the road;
that the English ambassador
?
f'akeel, residing
contrive to put off the
have,
have repeatedly written
was among the nearest of [the]
'
We
*
:
to detain the English ambassador six
about
was any answer
of the PaisJnvas].'-^^
months,
'
written
own
letters
set
end of which we wrote to the Mahrattah
at the effect
no one of our
to their
[i. e.
for six
;
To
Sircar.'
neither did they write a
:
though he was a kinsman of
'
by
protracted the negociations for peace with the English for
two
which time we again wrote [to Poonali], but without any " better
(9)
(10)
This Vakeel was probably one of the Rasta family. Original
..V..".
>^,ag^^,jj
(11) Original
JJLJi
(12) Original
j>»Uii
^ ^^yU
and
^J^'
jJj
TIPPOO SULTAN. " better success than before
:
whereupon
21
proceeded to conclude the treaty with
\vc
" the English, &c." according to his
Such,
own
were the grounds of Tippoo Sultan's
account,
complaints against the Mahrattah Government, at the period of
Mangahre, and
it
would not appear that any attempts were subsequently made,
by the court of Poonah, or by
either
rate, it
would be
difficult to acquit these courts,
misrepresented
:
not, perhaps, so
much
to
be wondered
at,
be,
it
and
this
;
is
this
pretty clear, that
being the case,
manner he
should have so long repressed the resentment he appears to have
up the
did, as that
felt at
it
he
the conduct
allies.
I abstain
just given
At
hastily, give credit
not, too
that he should have taken
question concerning the Zeminddr of Nergiind in the
of his late
him.
especially the former, of the
may
the Sultan really thought himself the aggrieved party is
to appease
of these are manifestly exaggerated, and
but however this
:
and
we must
but
Some
to the Sultans statement of facts.
may be
Hyderabad,
that of
charge of bad faith towards their ally
others
the treaty of
from many other
from the Sultans own Memoirs
the present
may
by the curious
reflections, naturally suggested ;
both because a
hereafter ofler for them, and because
it
is
fitter
extract
opportunity than
time to proceed with
the correspondence.
LETTER To
the satne
;
IX.
dated 6(h of Extra
Ahmeby, Year Jvllo.
(2^d March.)
Two
letters
from you
liave passed
under our \\ew.
The
note containing
sundry propositions, which you addressed to Rao Rasta, and of which you transmitted a copy [for our information], was highly proper, and is
much approved by
and
us.
Both of you arc experienced
in the paths [of politics]
point,
however minute, that
;
in tlie business,
and we are persuaded that there
will he neglected
by you.
is
no
SELECT LETTERS OP
22
LETTER
X.
2b BiRHANUDDEEN, dulcd
FAfter some immaterial
<'^
Exfru Ahmedy.
directions, the letter proceeds as follows :]
If you should receive inteliig'ence of the approach of any considerable force of the enemy, you must raise the siege of the fort, and taking
your heavy ordnance with you, proceed and encamp near Dhdnvdr.
With
God
the will of
the helper,
Ahmedy, and soon anive Nobody away
:
is
going to
lift
where
it is.
it is
of
hill
[/. e.
also shall
march on the 14th of
when what may be proper
there,
the
we
it
Nergund
will
to
head and carry
[his]
remain where
shall be done. it
it is.]*^^)
OBSERVATIONS. Burhanuddeen was the brother-in-law of Tippoo SuUan, who had married a
He
sister of his.
Sultan,
who
appears to have possessed a great share of the confidence of the
frequently intrusted
without placing him
He
at this period) in a
(at least
lost his life in the battle of
him with important
military
commands, but not
certain
degree of tutelage.
Sattimimgalam, in the year
1
790.
Of
that battle
the Sultan has given a partial and exaggerated account in one or two letters; in
which
it
is
remarkable, that he speaks of the death of this gallant
commander
without a single expression of regard or regret.
The
fort,
the siege of which
is
here provisionally directed to be relinquished,
was no doubt Nergiiiid.
(1)
The day
of the
(2) Original c:
month
— u— fc
is
uncertain.
i -^^uS^
^j:^
^^ I'-^jJ
-^
TIPPOO SULTAN.
23
LETTER XL To Meer Kumruddeen Ali
Khan
Ahmedy,
dated 11th Extra
;
(28fh Murch.^
Your
letter, inforiuing- us
of your arrival at CheJcry,^^^ and
for a supply of gun-flints, powder,
Send
contents arc duly understood.
powder, and whatever Ali, has
else
The
its
gun-flints,
for
S'lpahddr^-^
and
Mahonnned
time with the troops under his
this
orders for this purpose having been repeatedly dispatched to
That part of your forces which was
him.
received,
Burhanuddeen
to
you may want.
no doubt joined you by
command,
has been
&c.,
applying
from thence, and
will
Knrpah
at
(^^
has also marched
What more ?
soon join your army.
OBSERVATIONS. Meer Kumruddeen
Ali
called
Meer Saheb, who
Hyder
Ali
is
Khan was fell
at the
Khan, who was married
battle of
his brother-in-law
at the
upon
his son,
same time, committed
favor of his cousin,
have had much confidence in him
at
direction of
British
some more experienced person.
Government,
in conjunction
manner
178I.
army
a
whom
he,
especial care
and
young man,
to
the
however, would not appear to
latter,
any period of
indeed, ostensibly placed at the head of an
year
the honors and appointments enjoyed
public
The
in the
commonly
mother of Tippoo Sultan),
Kumruddeen, then
in a very
Tippoo Sultan.
all
Ali Riza Saheb,
Porto Novo,
to his sister (the
reported to have immediately conferred
by
Meer
the son of
his reign.
;
He
was sometimes,
but he was always under the
Upon
the death of the Sultan, the
with the Nizdin, provided for Kumruddeen
Khan (1)
Name
(2)
The commander
(3)
A
the
uncertain.
town and
of a Kuslwon, or brigaiJe.
district bortlciing
Kizdm, and by
on the C'a/«a/u-, ceded
the latter to the East-India
Company,
in
1792, by
in ISOO.
Tippoo Sultan,
to
SELECT LETTERS OF
24 Khan
in the
most
liberal
He
manner.
and master, dying very soon
after
did not, however, long svirvive his cousin
he had taken possession of the Jagire bestowed
upon him.
LETTER Khan
To TuRBiYUT Ali
dnled
;
It has been represented to of the Kurhndth Pass,
Xir.
lUh Extra Ahmedy.
us, that
Tumana
receiving bribes
people to proceed to the Pdyen- Ghaut
you
station
will
worthy Pidde/is/^^
two respectable and in
one of the
forts
:
Naikwary,^')
the warden
[for his connivance],
we
suffers
therefore write, to desire
sensible
men, with some
[commanding the
the proper care and regulation of the same.
(28ih March?)
trust-
said pass] for
This guard must be relieved
every three months.
OBSERVATIONS. This dislike,
letter furnishes
with which the Sultan viewed any sort of communication between his
territories
He
one among numerous proofs, of the unceasing jealousy and
and those of the British Government, or of the Nabob of the Carnatic.
anxiously laboured to keep
all his
neighbours (but particularly the English) in
as complete ignorance as possible of every thing that passed in Mi/sore
:
and to
this
object he unreluctantly sacrificed whatever advantages, either his subjects or himself
might have derived, from a
(1)
Those
(2)
A sort of
at the
free
commercial intercourse between the countries.
head of the Kundachdr, or militia, were'called Ndikwdrics.
irregular foot soldiers,
armed usually with a matclilock and Tulwar, or
sabre.
TIPPOOSULTAN.
LETTER Mahommed Ghyas
To
You
XIII.
Ahmedy.
dated 18th Extra
;
" that Rao Rasta had
wrote stating,
25
said,
"
'
against Nergihid were relinquished, the Vakeel
*'
'
of
"
'
"
'
tliat
place
was empowered
to
mode of adjustment we should
that
'
be
only
fine
the
say, in
answer
to
Rao
R;Vta, that what
by which
;
but
gainer,
appearances would likewise be saved with the world.' "
You must
the design
if
of the Zemhiddr
^""^
pay us a certain not
(4th April.')
It
we demand
is
is,
known.
that not
only the Paishcush due by the said Zemhiddr be discharged, but that he shall also
make due compensation
within our dominions
;
and
that,
for the ravages
on
this condition,
he has committed
we
will
wave our
purpose of reducing the place. further write, " that Riio Rasta
You
had
told you,
'
that you
must
"
'
apply to have the amount of the arrears due for past years remitted
"
'
in specie,
is
understood.
as bills
would not be accepted by the bankers
may be
from him
is
well acquainted with
dispatched to the Presence.
will best enable us to
and the rectitude of of the
"
It
AVc wrote before, and We now write again, to desire that
Noor Mahommed Khan, who quarter,
there.'
all
matters in that
A Verbal
communication
judge of the truth of their professions,
their' proceedings, as well as to ascertain
Durhdr charges ;
after
which we can consider what
is
the extent to be done.
What more? •ifjjiiiiia
OBSERVATIONS. By
"
DurMr
ministers
charges "
is
here meant the douceur to be paid to the MaUrattuh
upon the conclusion of
a settlement.
E (1)
Ambassador or Envoy
:
diplomatic agent.
This
is a
matter of course in the nesociation ^£3^
SELECT LETTERS OP
26 iiegociation of all treaties,
powers of India.
and
in the
Sometimes the
are, to a certain degree, reciprocal
adjustment of differences between the native
presents, or largesses, ;
but
party of the two, that the chief burthen
it is
Khan
Your two
been received.
XIV.
dated I9th Extra
Sipahddr,
i\\e
generally on the weaker, or yielding
Ahmedy.
(5fh ApriL)
dated the 14th and 16th instant, informing us of
letters,
the junction of
;
these occasions,
falls.
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
made on
Mahommed AH,
with his
Kmhoon, have
Wliat you write, respecting the audacity and contuma-
cious conduct of the
Zeminddr of
Surhnlfi/,
and your receipt of
from Ghuliim Hiisain and Ghidam Mohyiiddeen, the KUladdr maiscr, on the subject of chastising the said Zeminddr,
Notwithstanding the said
fort
is
you were to attack
it,
encamp
striking it.
We his
write,
tlierefore,
army near the
you have
to be apprehended, that
you might be detained before
prevented from advancing. Son(') will merely
it is
Zukh-
comprehended.
situated in your road, yet as
no heavy [or battering] ordnance with you, if
is
o{'
letters
fort,
it,
and thereby
to desire our dear
and endeavour, by
an awe into the garrison, or by stratagem, to get possession of
If this should not
straight forward, without
(1) In the original,
appear to be practicable,
making any
j^UjJUl
" or containing signs of own children or younger
Ukbdl-nishdn,
you must proceed
delay.
'*
of liappy or fortunate mark," " giving
prosperity:" a term of endearment, exclusively applied to one's relatives.
TIPPOOSULTAN.
2/
LETTER XV. To INIahomjied Ghyas and Noor Maho3imed
Ahmedy.
E.itni
Your of
its
letter
of the
contents are understood.
which that
own
friend/-^ of his
The
dated 2\st
;
April?)
(jtli
was received
instant
9tli
Khan
and the whole
this day,
translation of our Persian letter/')
made and
suggestion,
Rao
sent to
Riista,
and a copy of which was enclosed for our information, was a highly judicious and
commendable proceeding.
What you
say in so
much
respecting the comnumicatioos of Riio Rasta on the subject of
and [particularly] of accept, in the
way of
proposal
his
we
that
should,
detail,
Nergund,
for the
present,
mulct, and as an adjustment [of the past], eighty
thousand rupees, with an assurance of being paid hereafter, year by year, the established Paishcush of former times,
is
understood
and,
;
together with your account of his importunate instances for our raising the siege of the place, has been duly considered.
The
friendship
we
Rao Rasta makes
bear
posed mulct on the aforesaid Zeminddr
;
us but
willing- to let
remit the pro-
the latter
make due
compensation for the ravages he has committed within our dominions,
and
let
him pay up the
arrears of Paishcush due to us
:
we
will
then
send the necessary order to our commanders for raising the siege of
Nergund, reduced.
which,
by the divine
favour,
is
on the point of
^-^^
You must not communicate in writing to Rao Riista every you may have to make to him, or transmit to him copies patches to you.
On
such occasions you are to send for
E (1)
(2)
i. c.
its
translation into the
Original
fJ^jit.^J^
t)"
tl'is
2
Mahraltah or Ilindivy
Yet
it
was uol reduced
till
July following.
proposition
of our dis-
Rao
Rasta's
Miitusuddi/, dialect.
passage sec the second para^-raph of
vations. (3)
being-
tlie
foliowin-j obser-
SELECT LETTERS OP
28
may
Mutusuddi/, and make blin commit to paper whatever
be written
own
by
:
will avoid
pledging yourself under your
hand/^)
You judged Rao
means you
this
be proper to
right, in keeping
back the
which we enclosed
letter
We now send
Rasta, and which you must return to us.
that letter] one framed agreeably to your suggestion,
for
[instead of
which you
will
deliver to him.
What you
have stated so much at length, by desire of Rao Rasta, on
the subject of our remitting specie [and not hills], in discharge of the
yearly money, ^^^ and for the Durhdr charges,
Mahommed Khan quarter,
is
well acquainted with all the circumstances of that
well as with whatever relates
as
charges, he must be dispatched to us
him
the true state of things,
necessary.
We
As Noor
understood.
is
to
the
subject of
Durhdr
in order that, ascertaining
;
we may pursue such measures
from
as shall be
^''^
hear that eight or ten thousand of their horse have crossed the
Kishna, with hostile intentions against our army. standin«y their forgetting
what they owe
Hitherto, notwith-
to our kindness,
we have
not in
a single article broken the treaty [subsisting between the two govern-
ments]
;
but
if,
in spite of the
upon them, and contrary
numberless favours
to their solemn engagements, they
aggressors, and proceed to improper lengths, repel such aggression.
we have bestowed
it
will then
become the
behove us to
After repulse and chastisement, there will no
longer remain any appearances of good-will or amity.("> (4)
Or,
"
to the
Original AiUJ (5)
This
(6)
Or, "
Original (7)
is
^JJit ^jl.'^Si
money spoken
that, after understanding all matters
^J'J^ ^\.j^ '-r^lr*
after repulse
" and amicable
may
remain
in their possession."
^^jr< u^Jj^ o,->j\j
the same as the JiJ^cd or regulated
jjl J,«jc
Or, "
end that nothing under ^-our hand
III.
from him, we may provide accordingly."
^^*^
and chastisement, there
intercourse."
of in Letter
Original oJU JUjLe?
will
be an end to
\^^
all
relations of courtesy
-js
TIPPOOSULTAN.
iJ9
OBSERVATIONS. not very clear what translation of the envoy's
It is
of the present dispatch (whether a
Rao
Rasta)
It
nor
;
is
it
letter to
worth while to
offer
is
alluded to in the beginning
themselves, or of one to the address of
any conjectures on
this subject.
friend, upon any of his servants, however high in his confidence applied It
it,
no
less
than three times, in the present
knew
probable, that the envoy
is
uncommon mark
of favour
suffered to enjoy the
The
Mehrbun,
rarely that the Sultan condescends to bestow the title of
is
;
but
if
much
his master too well to exult
he was weak enough to do
dream of honour
yet he has
;
Mahommed
letter, to
or
Ghyas. in this
so,
he was not
in
which they
long.-*'
directions here given to the envoys, respecting the
were to communicate with Rao Rasta,
mode
will prepare the reader for the
developement of the Sultans crooked and unjirinciplcd
still
politics in his
further
subsequent
correspondence, as well with his agents at Poonah, as with others of his servants,'^'
The Mahrattah government and Tippoo of Nergdnd,
subject
Of
them. of
them
place,
is
this
afford
to
Sultan differed too widely, on
any prospect of amicable agreement between
both parties were probably equally
satisfied
be supposed to have been very serious
to
relative to
intended, any
the ynode in which the money,
The
should be paid.
payment
;
and therefore neither
in the discussions
at all, as
which took
claimed by the Mahrattahs,
that neither the latter expected,
fact was,
the
long as the question regarding
nor the Sultan
Nergund remained
at Issue.
LETTER To Abdul
Hukeem Khan, Nabob Ahmedy.
Baboo Rao, Ram Rao, and deputed
hither
for
the
XVI. of Sanore
(lOlh
;
dated 24lh Extra
yjjjril.)
the other Mittusuddies,
whom
purpose of adjusting the accounts
you
of your
conditional
CLWII,
(8)
Sec Letter
[0)
Sec particularly Lcltcib LIII,
and
also Letter
CCXCVU.
LXVI, LXIX.
SELECT LETTERS OF
30
conditional Jagire,^^^ have accordingly it
appears that there
Of
amount we have excused [you] (or abated) two
this
rupees
to a settlement, by
enffaecments of the aforesaid Mittusuddies,
who
with our bankers, dispatched to you.
money
in train,
and
we have
rupees
the remaining 36,40,785
for
:
You must
of
lacks
the
received
we have
which
lod^jed
are now, together with the said Miitusuddies,
Be
expeditious
back the bankers to
in sending
payment of
putting the
in
this
It will not
us.
any delay, or procrastination, should take place
well, that
which
due to us the sum of 38,40,785 rupees.
justly
is
come
be
in this matter.
likewise discharge the separate obligation for ten lacks of
rupees, entered into by that friend's BliUusuddies
and
ratified
by you.
OBSERVATIONS. Abdul Hukeem Khan was a Patan Sdnore,
Shdnonr,
Mushrooteh
;
distinguish
it
called
or Savanore,^^^
by which
chief,
who
possessed the principality ot
by
here
Tippoo
from a free Jagire or Jagire in ordinary.
compelled to submit to the superior power of Hyder Ali
when Abdid Hukeem agreed of his annual revenue.
A
concluded between them
;
Hyder bestowing one of turn, gave
in his
advantage to the Patan
;
was
chieftain
(1)
Khan
in the year 1764,
by the
upon the
eldest
one of his to Kureem Saheb,
the
was not productive of any
however,
at length, revolted
whom
his daughters
from Tippoo, and sought the
the district of Shdnoor, including
partition treaty of
1/92; when
its
Ban-
dispossessed
became wholly dependent on the government of PoonahJ'^
Orit^inal iis.jL
(2) It
(3)
who,
Mahrattahs, to
finally ceded,
This principaUty was
double alliance by marriage was, at the same time,
This connexion,
lii/poor,
Jagire
pay to the BTysore chieftain a certain proportion
to
second son of Hyder.
])rotection of the
a
meant, a Jagire held under specific stipulations, to
is
son of the Patan, who,
Sultan
is
thus
For an
viiriousl}liistorical
written
:
sketch of
I
believe Shdnoor
iliis
is
the most
common
pronunciation.
Patan dynasty, cxtiactcd from documents furnished
y Lieutenant Colonel Colin M'Ken^ie, see Appendix D.
TIPPOOSULTAN.
LETTER To BuRHANUDDEEN
Your You
has been received, and
letter
^vrite,
XVII.
dated 2'2d Extra
;
its
Ahmedy.
" that having reduced your baggage
could,
*'
conmiand], to chastise the enemy, and that,
*'
appearance in force,
as
much
as
if
was your intention
it
made
their
to raise the siege,(')
your heavy ordnance to Dhdrivdr.'"
off
the latter
It
is
well
:
be
In the mean while, being careful to procure constant
to you],
whose opinions being committed to
We
legulatc your proceedings.
ing the enemy's forces, which :
less
have here the
we
letters
have been
they will discharge
and you
the
in concert,
and
after
must
regard-
are persuaded dare not look at our
Avritten to Dileer
Agreeablv to
Dil Khan, &c.
obligations of fidelity
will all, in conformity
writino-,
fullest intelligence
caution and vigilance are nevertheless necessary.
your desire,
may
taking counsel herein from the three commanders
render expedient, [attached
and done
it
information of the enemy's motions, you will act as ciicumstances
army
you
you were prepared, with the victorious army [under vour
you propose.
as
(8th April.')
contents are duly understood.
"
" send
31
Doubt-
and devote^ness
;
with our instructions, conduct matters
mutual consultation.
Hereafter, what
is
behind
the veil of invisibihty will be displayed.^-)
OBSERVATIONS. It appears
from
this,
and several other
Kuinruddeeii), had a council
of
letters,
that
Burhanuddeen
(as well as
war assigned him, without whose advice and
concurrence he was not at liberty to take any material step.
His council,
at this
time, (
i. 1
(2)
e.
the siege of
Original
Nergund.
^Xi^y^ Ji^y
CiJ^Xs
iJOjJ i^\ S)U^
32
SELECT LETTERS OF
time,
was composed of Dileer Dil Khan,
three
Sipahdiirs, or
Syed Ghilfar
commanders of Kushoom, whose military reputation stood
who
very high, and
fell
Syed Humeed, and Syed Ghufar,
possessed a considerable share of the Sultan's confidence.
with his master in defending Serhigapatam.
the other two commanders
I
am
Of
the fate of
uninformed.
LETTER
XVIII.
To Dileer Dil Khan, Syed Humeed, and Syed Ghufar
same
(8th ^pril.)
date.
Consulting
;
together on the contents of our written instructions to
you, committing the result of your deliberations to writing, and con-
you
fiding in the divine goodness,
You must
and devotion
to us.
each other.
Hereafter, what
invisibility will
will
prepare to approve your
do nothing without holding counsel of
is
at present concealed
In this matter there
be displayed.
fidelity
is
by the curtain of
no room
for hesita-
tion or remissness.C^
LETTER To Rajah
Two **
Ram Chundur
letters
;
dated 23d Extra
from you have been received.
lion is not procurable within
" Pondicherry, &c." buying
it
XIX.
Ahmedy.
You
write,
our dominions, and
is
(9th April.)
" that vermil-
only to be got at
This being the case, you must send money, and
at those ports, dispatch
it
to the Presence.
There
for sending [thither] goods [or merchandize] to barter for
is
no necessity
it.
You (1) Literally <*
" there
is
hesitation or remissness
no necessity or occasion." is
not to be admitted."
The
passage
may
also
be rendered,
TIPPOO SULTAN. You
further write,
" that
33
SerishtecMrs'') of
tlie
" thereto by others, have preferred various complaints
"
a.;ainst you,
the intention of bringing upon you our displeasure."
You have had
instructions given to you.
and attending
diligently to the business of the state,
confident and easy in your
mind
:
if,
Acting
incited
/2)
It
is
known.
in conformity therewith,
you may
rest perfectly
however, complaints and accusa-
tions should be preferred against you, they will not be regarded or
our approbation.
Esteeming you
we have
prosperity,
witli
to be intelligent
and
entrusted you with an Important
meet our
solicitous for
office,
in
have no doubt of your proving your attachment and zeal for our
which we
service.
OBSERVATIONS. The dislike
preceding letter affords a
proof of the unremitting jealousy and
with which the Sultan, at this time, viewed any intercourse between his
and those of the neighbouring countries, but particularly the English
subjects
He
possessions.
Poiidkherry ment,
fresli
;
here objects to the exportation of the produce of Mysore even to
not so much, probably, on account of
as because
necessarily lead to
its
no trade could be carried on with
some commercial
it,
we
see
him sending away the
that
settle-
would not almost
intercourse with the Carnatic, through part
of which the trade in question must unavoidably pass. risk,
being an European
Rather than incur
this
specie of his dominions for the purchase of the
commodities he required, and which he could, no doubt, have obtained on more
At
advantageous terms by barter.
a subsequent period he would appear to have
acquired rather juster notions of what was essential to the prosperity of his country; having, in the year 1794, issued some commercial regulations, tending to encourage a limited trade with his neighbours.
Still,
however, his natural distrust of
F ( 1
A
(2)
This word,
revenue ofBcer. in tlic original,
is
not perfectly legible.
those
SELECT LETTERS OP
34
those neighbours predominated
ultimately superseding, or rendering null, the
;
expectations which seemed to have been held out
My information made
mises
me
does not enable
how
to say,
in the present dispatch to
by the
the Sultan
far
Ram
Rajah
edicts referred to.'"
Chundur.
I
fulfilled
the pro-
think there
a
is
passage in a subsequent letter to another of the Sultan's officers, that points at
some
secret
impeachment of the Rdjalis
and encourages the informer to
integrity,
Colonel INIunro, indeed, acquaints me, that being a native of
pursue his inquiries.
Arcot, he finally became suspected of disaffection to the Sultan, death.
However
this
may
be,
it is
certain, that
he continued in
who put him office,
to
and appa-
rently in the full possession of his master's confidence, as late as the year 1791«
LETTER XX. To KuMRUDDEEN
Your with
its
letter,
;
some
date.
(9th April^
informing us of your arrival at Koodry-hdl,'-^^ together
and
enclosure, has been received,
You must
its
contents are understood.
proceed with the force under your command, and encamp near
Burhanuddeen. fully written is
Khan
:
Last night, whatever was necessary to be written, was
to that dispatch
inconsiderable.
It is
we
therefore refer you.^^) -jhe enemy's force
not to be supposed that they will presume to look
at our army.(^*>
LETTER To
the
XXI.
Governor of Pondicherry
[After compliments].
You
" of Pondicherry, who come
write
"
;
same
date.
(9th April.')
that the Bouparies'^*^ of the port
into our dominions to purchase articles of
" merchandize, (3)
See Appendix E.
(1)
Name
(2)
Literally, " the perusal of these will inform you."
uiicerlain.
(3*) Literally,
" what power have tbey
(I*) Travelling traders.
to look at the
army of
" the Sirear':
)
TIPPOOSULTAN. " merchandize,
on their return with
are,
" Tualiikddr of Selim, who
" merchandize
pass."
It
is
their goods, molested
will not suffer
" quence of which, you request of us
known
35
them
to direct
him
;
in conse-
to let the aforesaid
and, agreeably to your desire,
:
enclose an order to the Taalnkddr of Selim,
commanding him
Let the same be forwarded
the goods in question.
to proceed
by the
we
to release
to him.
In future, when you dispatch Boiiparies into our dominions to purchase goods,
you must give them a
written either in Ui-wy^^^ or Telingy
your desire,
;'^'>
when he
suffer the specified articles to pass.
which we have issued on
this subject
have come into our dominions
and others,
they have been
Always continue
tices.
from yourself to the Taahtkddr,
letter
to
;
is,
conformity with
will, in
The reason
of the orders
that of late certain strangers
where borrowing money of the of
guilty
delight
and
unwarrantable prac-
various rejoice
Ryots^*^
us with
accounts of
your welfare.
OBSERVATIONS. As
a personal
at this time,
compliment
to the
Governor of Pondicherry (whom he probably,
wished to conciliate) we here see the Sultan relaxing, in some degree,
the severity of the regulations spoken of under the nineteenth likely, liowever, that
the concession was only temporary,
letter.
It
is
most
and that the French
governor was frequently obliged to renew his present application.
The
allusion to strangers
of the Carnatic.
Sultan
It
is,
no doubt, pointed
at the English,
and the subjects
not equally certain, that the cause here assigned by the
is
for the prohibition in question
was the
real one, or that
the accusation,
thus made, had any foundation in truth.
F 2 (2)
The Malabar language.
(3) Propcily, the dialect
limits of the
kingdom so
spoken
in
Tel ing ana
;
but not strictly confined to the ancient
called.
(4) Subjects, in general
j
but, in a restrained sense, the peasantry.
^ELCCT LETTERS OF
36
LETTER Khan
To KuMRUDDEEN
Your letter,
filled
therein
particulars
Sipahddr
forth
set
are
conducted.
is
distinctly perceived.
many
[of
The
has passed under our view.
All,
imperfectly acquainted with the
government
(lOth April.')
with complaints and accusations against the Kushoon
ignorant
still
is
Ahmedy.
dated 24th Extra
Mahommed
the Sipahddr,
of
;
XXII.
Hence
aforesaid
and
hut
which the business of our
in
is,
it
of his duty],
parts
manner
The
although employed on
that
factual] service, he has neglected the proper equipment of his Kushoon,
Bearing in mind the
and, in this manner, shown his worthlessness/'>
expediency of the moment, you must issue the necessary orders for his
being supplied with such stores as fas you
may think
The Kurpah
You
may
be requisite, and then employ him
fit].
have reached Gooty,
troops
and
will
soon
join
you.
are not, however, to wait their arrival, but to proceed straight to
Nergilnd, and there unite yourself to the army of the SircarP^
You did tlie
right in purchasing the iron,
use of the aforesaid Sipahddr s Kushoon.
whatever stores gun-carriages ''
and other
You
may
may have
and sixteen thousand
revealed.
will
furthermore furnish
sustained.
foot,
with
number of
five pieces
at the distance of sixteen coss
By
You
you mention, for
be required, for repairing any damages which his
write that the enemy, to the
camped
articles
sixteen thousand
of light
from the
horse
artillery ,(^^ are en-
fort of Nergitnd.
It is
the favor of God, the force appointed for the reduction of that
(1)
Original C:u*jyt^
(2) i.e. t!ie
army
(3) Original
j^
may
j,.JLj}j
I
iii
advance under EdrlianCiddcen.
am
not quite clear with respect to
;ilrcacly
i^y
Jo-^^^li
signify a long field-piece.
1
he meaning of
Lumchhur
:
it
TIPPOOSULTAN. that fortress
is
so strong/'') that tliouo-h there should be
horse of the enemy,
being the cnsc,
3^
it
how
fifty
thousand
will sufiicc for their effectual chastisement.
will they dare
to look at
our aiiny?
This
Let that
beloved son, then, hasten with his corps to join [the rest of] our forces:
and
if
army of the enemy should show
the
counsel of each other, and with one accord
them.
What more
itself
inflict
needs proceed from our pen
in
your way, take
due punishment upon
?
OBSERVATIONS. The
lenity with
Mahommed
All,
which the Sultan here notices the remissness of the Sipahddr, is
the
more remarkable,
as
it
was his general practice to
animadvert, with the greatest severity, on every instance of neglect or disobedience
His moderation, on the
of his orders, and particularly of his military regulations.
present occasion,
might possibly have arisen from something
partiality towards the offending officer; but
From whatever
than caprice.
met with.
It
disapprobation
is
;
true, that the
but this
cause
may
also
have had no other foundation
proceeded, similar instances will be rarely
conduct of the Sipahddr
The
is
spoken of with strong
very short of the usual measure of the Sultan's
still falls
anger on such occasions.
it
it
like a personal
inexperience imputed to the officer in question,
rather countenances the idea of his having been prematurely raised, through jirivatc favor, to the
important
command he
or brigadier (and especially in an
enjoyed.
army
In the regular course, a Sipahddr,
so actively
generally was) could not be inexperienced.
Still,
employed
as
Tippoo Sultan's
however, no distinct traces are
observable in the written documents, nor did I ever hear a report of the Sultan's
being influenced by favorites of any kind.
(J)
Original ^^^X-- weighty
j
heavy.
'
rzy-irycjCi
38
SELECT LETTliBS OP
LETTER To Rajah
Two
Ram Chundur
XXIII.
dated 24lk Extra
;
^hmedy. and
have been received from you,
letters
(lOth April.') contents
their
are
understood. [After some directions on certain trivial points, like those remarked
on under Letter IV. page 13, the
You
" that wishing
write,
" none of her
to
letter
proceeds
marry your daughter,"^ and there being
cast in this country to contract her to, there
" of sending for a proper person for " and you therefore solicit passports
the purpose from
is
A passport
known.
Pdyen-Ghuut
Bangalore, on
to
therefore send for
this
some person of your
in marriage to him, detain
occasion,
who
for the persons
occasion,
sending him back io the Pdi/ en- Ghaut ?
their nuptials.
is
parties,
come from the
enclosed:
is
you
will,
the necessity for
If this, however, should not
own
cast in this country to
when [having found such a one] you
;
Pdyen-Ghaut
according to the
are to
Where
be practicable, you must seek for one of your betroth her to
a necessity
and giving your daughter
cast,
him near you.
tlie
is
and egress of
for the ingress
" whom it will be requisite to invite on the " list which you have enclosed." (^^ It
:]]
will
celebrate
What more?
OBSERVATIONS. The Sultan would of
strangers
into
not
Mysore,
appear to provided
have had any objections to the entrance they
came
thither
for the
purpose of settHng
(1)
I
am
kinsman of (2)
doubtful whether the daughter of his)
Ram
Chundur, or of some other person
This passage confirms the report (noticed before) of
native of Arcot.
(a
be meant.
Rum
Chundur's having been a
TI P PO O but
settling;
into
was extremely
it
Ram
of
To
a person of the rank
and be
That he should have
insisted
at,
on the
the latter
considering the
intercourse between that country
all
have allowed the son-in-law, and perhaps the daughter, of
and authority of
Ram
Chundur,
to reside in the
whom
the influence, of the power of
liable to
admission
in the event of
not to be wondered
is
which he habitually viewed
own.
his
who had found
Chundur's intended son-in-law,
being brought from the Carnatic, distrust with
39
any,
for
difficult
dominions, to quit them again.
his
detention
and
U L T A N.
S
he was most jealous and
apprehensive, would have been entirely at variance with those
which constantly governed
his
territories,
maxims
of policy,
conduct in regard to the English.
LETTER XXIV. To KuMRUDDEEN
Your
letter
respecting
Khan
dated 26th Extra
;
has passed under our view
your
having
withdrawn
Biirhanuddeen's having occupied,
banks of the PundhUeh,^^'' join the
What you say, of your troops,
is
Avith
to
(I2th April.')
and what you have written,
from
understood.
is
army; and, according
to the cliastisement of the
;
Ahmedy.
his It
before
Nergundy
army, a position is
fit
and of on the
that you also speedily
our former directions, apply yourself
enemy
regarding the reduction you have revealed,
made
in the
baggage
and meets with our approbation.
LETTER XXV. To BuRHANUDDEEN
Your
letter
;
sumc
has been received.
having withdrawn from the
date.
(\2th April.)
What you
trenches,^'*-'
your army on the banks of the Pundhileh,
state,
respecting your
and taken up a position with is
understood.
You (I)
Or, perhaps, Biuidhikli.
(1*)
i.
c.
having raised the siege of Nergund.
40
SELECT LETTERS OP
You must
give orders to the predatory cavalry to harass the front
rear of the enemy, and to seize on
all
the horses they can
;
tlie
and
present
being the proper time for collecting together and obtaining horses.
Nursia, the Taalilkddr o^ Nugr, has sent you, by our direction, forty
thousand Behddury pagodas,'-^ for the pay of your army, will,
What more
of course, have received.
which you
?
LETTER XXVI. 7b KuJiiiTJDDEEN
Your
letter
Khan
dated
;
of the 25th Extra
28M Extra Ahmedy. Ahmedy, (11th
(I4th April')
April), informing us
of your arrival, with the forces under your command, at Nergdnd, and of your interview with Burhanuddeen, has passed under our view, and the particulars contained in
it
to the division belonging to
Uniting yourself
are fully revealed to us.
Burhanuddeen, you must advance
in
open
day against the enemy, and attacking them with vigour, chastise them in a
manner
that shall deter
them from confronting you
again.
LETTER XXVir. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and Noor
Mahommed Khan
;
same date
(\4th April.)
We
have received your
letter,
conformity with the wishes of relincpiished,
and our
and
its
Rao Rasta,
victorious
two or three Coss from thence.
contents are understood.
In
the siege of Nergitnd has been
army has encamped
You must
state to
at the distance of
Rao
Rasta, that a
mulct (2)
Tlie Behiidury pagoda was a gold coin, exceeding the value of the Kunterdi pagoda
about thirty per cent.
TIPPOO SULTAN. mulct
we want from
not what
is
41
the Zeminddr, but due compensation for
the injury sustained by our dominions
[yi\
consequence of
his
depreda-
and payment of the arrears due by him for [several] years
tions],
past.
OBSERVATIONS. The movements and
near approach of the Mahrattah army,
which had now
advanced in considerable force to the support of the Zeminddr of Nen^iind,
have rendered
apjiear to
inexpedient to prosecute the siege of that place, which
it
was, therefore, relinquished for the present credit for having,
in this
instance,
;
yielded to the wishes of
however, was not to be so easily duped, as
No
Maliommed Ghyas. the time
it
Your encamping
Tauldks,
made
who,
XXXVII
to
in the siege at
;
dated 2d Regular
Aumedy.
(I'Jth ApriF).
at Misryc6tah, as well as your dispatching of the
Purwdnehs'^^^
arc
proper.
According to your
enclosed for the Aujnih^'^ of the several
and for the KUaaddrs, directing them to furnish you with
intelligence of the
enemy.
and other predatory
loose the plundering cavalry,
the enemy's
number S^^^
be seen by Letter
;
XXVIII.
of Toorkul to the Presence, was
request,
Rao Rasta
was relinquished.
To BuRHANUDDEEN
Let
may
material progress could have been
LETTER
Kdzy
the Sultan, at the same time, takino-
troops,
upon
army, with orders to seize and bring in horses ivithout
Take
care, also, of your
own army, and
be always prepared.
G (1)
Written orders, or mandates.
(2)
Governors or collectors of
(3)
Original ^U-i-j ^^U-l
districts.
A
SELECT LETTEBS OF
4i
LETTER XXIX. 7o KuMRUDDEEN
Your
Khan
Ahmedy.
dated 4th Regular
;
(I9th April).
proposing " to open^ trenches against Nergitnd, and
letter,
" applying for Purwdnelis to the Aiimils in the vicinity [of your camp] " to collect fascines and scaling ladders/^) for the attack and reduction of " Edmdoonr, and the other received,
and
deter
it it
You must
understood.
at present, lay siege to
not,
but pursuing the army of the enemy wherever
Nergund ; drive
is
on that road," has been
situated
forts
beyond the Kishna, and deal with
it
it
may
be,
such a manner, as shall
in
from facing our troops again. for the
Purwdnehs are enclosed Gujunder-ghur,
directing
scaling ladders, &c.
them
When
Aumils of Dhdrwdr, JBdddmy, and
to supply the necessary materials
for
these things are wanted, forward the orders,
and apply for what you require. Describe particularly,
Rdmdoorg
for
our information,
Avhat
sort of
a place
is.
LETTER XXX. To BuRHANUDDEEN
dated 8(h Regular
;
The army of the enemy Rdtndoqrg. victorious
is
encamped
Ahmedy.
(23d April).
at the distance of a
gun-shot from
In conjunction with Meer Kumriiddeen Ali Khan, lead our
army
against
it,
and chastise
it
in
such a manner, as shall break
(1) If the date assigned to this letter
of
be right, the meaning must be to resume the siege
Nergund. (2)
Some
of the terms here
employed are of doubtful meaning.
TIPPOOSUI.TAN. break
and render
loins,
its
You must
incapable of facing you again.
it
The
take fifteen days' grain with you.
you
will,
tliat
dear son/'' to administer to him.
tl)ciefore, dispatch
43
Khdn
aforesaid
is
indisposed
Kishna Pundit, the physician attached
to
What more?
LETTER XXXI. To
Do
same
the
;
dated
(24th April.')
Meer Kuniruddcen
you, our dear son, repair to our beloved son,
Khan, and, consulting
Ali
Regular Ahmedy.
dtli
judgment
;
pressing the
together,
enemy
act
may
such a manner, that they
in
you
will
not
Having accomplished
be able to take breath on this side the Kishna. the chastisement of the enemy,
your united
according to
resume your position before
Udmdoorg.
OBSERVATIONS. Although
authority
the
united with him,
Sultan
receiving
himself)
the
considered as
mencement of being
directed,
deen,
for
the
yet
principal
this
in
war,
to
his
some
is
commander
That
is,
the foregoing
letter,
BCiilianaddcetj.
^Iii
It
The rank next above Bukhshy
:
in othciN,
that this last
to
repair
was the
that of Sipahddr the Sipalidch's
title
of
is,
in
opposed,
to the
from
was
he the
com-
circumstance of his
camp
of
Kumrud-
on the operations of the
latter
campaign, it
is
^^ j^
Xoor-chiishm, "
manner
ligiit
of
my
as Ukbal-nisluhi: for
designation BQihanQddccn was distinguished.
some
places, stated to have
been that of
immediate supeiioris called Sipah-sdldr.
Burhanuddecn.
directly
at
occa
actually
that
believe,
The
'**
ajiplied in the >anic
ofiiciai
when
even
2
the original
no wlieie appears, by what
to
the forces
purpose of consulting with the
" eyes;" an expression of ciKicarmcnt, which sec Note 1, Letter XIV. (1*)
reason
of
present
the
various occasions,
the Mahrattah army.
G (I)
(Kumruddeen, on
orders,
there
on
Burhanuddcen,
in
appears to have been very limited
sion,
the
vested
It is
Mur
jirobabie,
SELECT LETTERS OF
44 campaign, does not
besides which,
:
opinion
;
since the order in question
be seen, by the following Letter, that
will
it
up an
express wish of the Sultan, that they should keep
however
But,
visits.
jealousy
is
accounted for by the indisposition of Kumruddeen, noticed in Letter
sufficiently
XXX
at all invalidate this
subsisted
may have
this
been,
was the
intercourse of mutual
certain, that a considerable
is
it
it
between these two commanders, of which some proofs will
appear in the sequel.
LETTER XXXII. To Kumruddeen
What
;
dated 9th Regular
you write, respecting the
Ahmedy.
(24t/i
April)
of the enemy's army, and of
flight
horses taken by our troops, as also your application for Purwdnehs to
Khan and Rajoo Pundit,
Ibraheeni All
yoUjO
to
them [from the captors,] are
With regard
understood.
is
will,
condition
in
chastise the
to take
enemy
breath
in
to dispatch supplies
you must take
;(-^
and, after placing such as
our
stables, distribute the rest
men
the Silahddrs,<^^ to be mounted by
in conjunction with
them
to the horses,
at a valuation
strong and in good
among
directing
You
out of employ.
Biirhanuddeen and the other [commanders],
such a manner, that they
before they reach
the
river
may
Kishna.
not be suffered
Having
tlius
You
soundly beaten them, you will again encamp before Rdmdoorg.
are also, from time to time, to repair to the quarters of Biirhanuddeen
and
him, and
to act in concert with
all
the rest of the commanders, in
whatsoever (1) In the original,
,\
Jwy rusd e zur, and X^jjj
supply of money in specie, in to Lieutenant Colonel Munro.
(3)
I
am
-ur e rusd,
bills.
I arn
bolli
of wliicli
:
Cavalry, whose horses belong to the riders.
mean
a
indebted for this explanation
urdul my interpretation of wliich (valuation) Jj,\ unac [uainted with the word.
(2) In the original
jectural, as
contradistinction to
is
entirely
con-
TIPPO O
ULTA
S
45
N.
whatsoever relates to occupying the necessary positions, and to the open-
On
ing of the trenches. occasion,
lind
it
The
to,
LETTER Zb Burhanuddeen
;
Ibraheem Ali
effect.^'')
Pundit have likewise been written
letter,
you should,
upon any
as well as the Sipuhddvs attached to him,
latter,
has been instructed to the same
Your
if
necessary to do so, you will send to Burhanuddeen
couie to you.
to
the other hand,
Khan and Rajoo
according to your desire.
XXXIII.
dated \Oth Regular
reporting the sickness of
Ahmedy.
(25th April.^
Meer Kumriiddeen
two Yoondny (or Greek)
and containing an application
for
and some
to attend him, has been received,
Telingi/
Pundit, M ho
he
Khan
Let the said
understood.
desire
doctors,
is
will
with you
;
and write
is
are
is
may
Abdul Hukeem Khan,(^>
to
These two, being appointed so strictly enjoined speedily be
on the
effected.^'**)
directing
him
to dispatch
them
to
you
:
you
accordingly, send for them, and, on their arrival, select such as stout
dcli\cr
and young, and most
them over
(4) If so, the letter
of a single spocilio
to the Sipahddr,
does not appear
visit to
;
fit
for the draught
of
artillery,
the preceding one to BCirlianCiJdceii speaking only
he paid by liim to KuinrCiddeen.
Physi'jians practising accoriiing to tbe rules of Hippocrates, Galon, &.c.
(2) Tlie
Chief of Shanoor, or Savanore.
/.
e.
and
Syed Ghiifar.
(1) i.e.
(3
and
an order to the Kiluaddr of Dhdrivdr, where there are a
number of gun-bullocks, will,
to
Khan, must be
occasion, that his restoration to health
Enclosed
physicians,^')
be attended by the physician Kishna
send a doctor from thence.^^)
to administer to the said
Khan,
Ali
Shanoor.
(t*) That " recovcrv."
is,
" they
are to be particularly desired to exert
ilieir ;k.ll lo eli'cct his
early
SELECT LETTERS OF
46
LETTER XXXIV. To KuMRUDDEEN
Your letter What you say,
;
dated \Ath Begular Aiimevy.
and
has been received,
respecting your having
its
left
Mahomnied
the
Kushoon of the Sipahddr
necessitv, there
is
and other
;
to
therefore the leaving the
Sipahddr for their protection
is
it
With
of indispensable
you or to the
divi-
Kushoon of the
said
Besides, advert-
absolutely superfluous.
ing to [the near approach of] the rainy season,
known.
is
articles
no baggage attached either
Burhanuddeen
sion of
and taken the Kushoon
Ali along with yourself,
the exception of tents and pawts^^^
arc understood.
contents
Syed Ghuflir for the guard of the baggage, of the Sipahddr
(29th April?)
is
of importance, on
the score of health, that you should have your tents and paivls along M'ith you.
Such being the
case,
you
also with you, as well as your tents
Ghufar
You and Burhanuddeen must live
take the Kushoon of Syed
will
and
together in harmony, and not thwart
or oppose one another in the conduct of our to the chastisement of the enemy.
paivls.
affairs,
It will also be suitable to the friend-
[which should subsist between you,] and
ship
Success of our affairs, if you sometimes
amiss
if
you occasionally
invite
him
but apply yourselves
visit his
will
contribute^ to the
quarters
:
nor
will
it
be
to yours.
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
abundantly evident from the foregoing
letter
(and will appear
still
more
from some others that follow) that no very good understanding subsisted between the cousin and brother-in-law of the Sultan
being mostly addressed to Kumruddeen,
;
it
the fault was chiefly on the side of the latter; nearer affinity to the Sultan, as
whose admonitions, on the occasion,
may, from thence, be
inferred, that
who might probably
think that his
well as the services of his father, gave
claim to superior consideration. (1)
Pawls are small
tents, used
by the
inferior officers
and privates.
him
a
TIPPOO SULTAN.
47
LETTER XXXV. Ram Chundur
To Rajah
Your two excuses
made by
What you
have been received.
the manufacturers
weave the
declining to
we
letters
(29fh Aprii^
sayne date.
;
write, respecting the
of the district [under you] for
stufts Ave require,
has excited our astonishment
;
therefore direct, that they be compelled, by menaces, to prepare the
number of
pieces
to the pattern [heretofore] sent.
and menaces, they
must be
notwithstanding your injunctions
persist in their false pretexts
and disobedience, they
write, regarding the affair of the Ilurkdrek^^
has been propagating Punganore,^""''
them be
If,
well flogged.
What you
confined
and agreeably
required, with the utmost expedition,
;
is
and
false
understood.
Rumu, who
reports to the prejudice of the people of
Let the
after taking security
said
Ilarkdreh be put
in irons
from the bankers of Punganore,
released, as their further detention
would be
and let
idle.
OBSERVATIONS. Revolting as the idea of Jlogging a body of weavers, for being averse to undertake a fabric, with
which they were probably unacquainted, or which they might
not be able to execute without detriment to their ordinary occupations, must appear to every English reader,
we
are obliged,
ledge, that similar acts of oppression
and violence
under the native governments of India.
from subordinate
officers, or
in fairness to Tipjjoo Sultan,
Still,
are,
to
acknow-
by no means, uncommon,
however, such acts usually proceed
persons exercising, and perhaps abusing, delegated
power (1)
A
servant
employed
various other services. (2)
The
in
carrying messages and
The term
literally signifies a
letters,
running bchve
palan/ccen,
and
factotum.
particular persons arc specified in the original, but the passage
were, probably, the bankers mentioned imuiediately
a.
;
altcrwaril.s.
is
illegible.
Tlicy
SELECT LETTERS OF
48 power
and
;
rarely,
if
from the sovereign himself.
us,
to the despotic nature of the it
may
and immediately,
ever, distinctly
Thus
the
government
evil,
as in thc'instance before
generally speaking,
is
to be traced
while, in the case under consideration,
;
justly be referred, in a great measure, to the personal character of the
ruler.
It
is
which
impossible not to be struck, in the foregoing it
by the sudden
letter,
exhibits, from flagrant oppression to rigorous justice.
transition
Imprisonment and
chains are not thought too severe a punishment for calumny by the man,
the same breath, as
may
be
said, consigns a
numerous
to the scourge, for refusing to relinquish their
administer to his caprice. selves in the
But such
abstract,
reh
To humanity
as
he did,
it is
much more
bigotry,
if
for the injury
still
no time, under
more, hatred of the
and, therefore, in punishing the
;
Hurkd-
probable that he was actuated by resentment,
at the imposition attempted to be practised
any feeling
and
at
them-
of disposition, or to a love of justice, in the
he certainly could lay no claim
Rama
accustomed pursuits, in order to
inconsistencies are constantly presenting
the influence of any fixed principle,
in
class of industrious artisans
conduct of Tippoo Sultan; whose irregular mind was,
English, be excepted.
who
upon him by
that informer, than
which his slander might have done
to the objects of
by
it.
LETTER XXXVI. To Meer Kumruddeen and Burhanuddeen
Ahmedy.
Two
letters
dated I6fh Begidar
May.^
from you have passed under our view, and
therein stated are duly perceived.
two are conducting say,
(\st
;
in
With
respect to the
tlie
war which you
conjunction with the three Sipuhddrs,
Syed Humced, Syed Ghufar, and Shaikh Unser),
dent and intelligent men,
our desire
is,
particulars
all
(that
is
to
of them pru-
that acting in concert together,
you should pursue the object of chastising the enemy with the utmost vigor and sagacity, aud in un effectual and glorious
manner
:
accordingly,
we
TIPPOOSULTAN. we have
who
49
transmitted strict orders to this effect to the aforesaid Stpakddrs ;
consequence, be obedient to you, and co-operate on
in
will,
all
occasions with you.
Wliat you say of the scarcity of grain [in your army,] notwithstanding your having a Cutwdl^^^ and [so many] Lumhdnehs^-^ with you, has astonished us
;
you must,
denounce the heaviest threats against
thei-efore,
and make him provide abundance of grain, agi'eeably
the said Cufwcil,
to our regulations on this head,
end that your people may
to the
suffer
no
distress for that article.
By
the Divine favor your
sequently,
now
health*^^') is
and
re-established,
it is,
con-
no longer proper that you should have a physician attending
you, or that you should take any
more medicines
let hiin,
;
therefore, be
sent back to Shafmoor.
After chastising the enemy in a signal manner, and driving him to the other side of the Kishnu, you will take up a position for the attack of N^ergitnd.
Your sending away your baggage you must keep
it
with you.
is
a proceeding in no respect proper
Indeed,
where
is
the great quantity of
baggage belonging to you, seeing that you have nothing besides pawls, and other such necessary articles
The
?
in
having suffered the enemy to
flee
without making
booty of any of their horses, and finally to escape by the pass of
H Cw/avi/
is
the cliicf police oflicer of a town.
whose principal duty (2)
LumlHttic/is,
Hindoos, visions.
it is
doorgf
Every army
is
also
otherwise called Bwijdrchs,
are
who occupy themselves in supplying armies in the field with They transport the articles they deal in on bullocks ; are, in and spears
;
and travelling, for the most part,
occasionally render themselves very formidable to the countries they
This passage
is,
Rdm-
provided
wiili
one,
to sec that the Bazars, or markets, are properly supplied.
or Lumbuclchs,
niatcii-locks, swords,
(3)
tents,
cavalry attached to you have been very remiss in skirmishing and
marauding, and
(1)
:
a particular tribe of grain and other progeneral, armed with
numerous bodies,
in
i)ass
of course, individually addressed to KumrCiddoeu.
through.
50
SELECT LETTERS OP
doorg, although they might have taken numberless horses.
You must now
It is well.
give the most peremptory orders to the JRisdladdrs of
cavalry to go forth on separate parties, and exert themselves properly to
make
prize of the enemy's horses; the present being a favorable oppor-
tunity for getting together a great
number of
the enemy's country, they must seize on
Scouring, likewise,
horses.
all
&c. they can
the grain,
discover.
OBSERVATIONS. The present
letter is
somewhat
of horses captured from the Mahrattahs as if
some
success
with the thirty-second, on the subject
at variance
from the
since,
;
had attended the Sultans army
latter,
in this respect,
it
would appear,
whereas he here
" complains of the enemy's having been suffered to escape, without " any horses
having been taken from them. ders,
on
this head, did
stated the specific
little
that
is
probable, tbat the
not descend to particulars
number
disappointed at the result
the
It
;
and
that,
report of the
when they
comman-
subsequently
of horses actually taken, the Sultan might have been
and, under this impression, have been led to under-rate
The
had been done.
horses, would, of course,
;
first
great solicitude which he betrays for procuring
enhance his disappointment on the occasion.
LETTER XXXVII. To
YouB
letter,
Mahommed Ghyas dated the
last
passed under our view, and
has been written, on
its
all points,
;
same
date.
(\sl Mat/.')
day [or 29th] of Extra Ahmedyy^ has purport in our
is
duly understood.
Hindmj
letter, to
An
answer
which you are
referred for particulars.
The (1)
Or 15lhof
April.
TIPP OO
The
villainy
and bad
faith
most solemn engagements,
thei/^-^
sum of money
§1
N.
have manifested, in
abundantly well known.
what confidence,] can we,
then, [or, with
large
is
which
ULTA
S
Upon what grounds
at once, send thither a
all
Noor Mahommed Khan has been
?
spite of the
sent for by us,
merely for the purpose of our ascertaining [through him] their treaties
and engagements, and with no other view. distinctly to
Rao
Rasta, and, removing
dency from his mind, dispatch Noor
and
if [at
You must
suspicions of a different ten-
all
Mahommed
**
Nergund having been
"
to his suggestion, such a proceeding
"
it
to the minister,<^) in the
" whereas, **
his
mea-
to his government, according best effect, as
hands in the management of
but as things had happened, they bore a very uno-ra-
;
" cious appearance, inasmuch
" army ventured
on occasion of the
wovdd have had the
would have tended to strengthen
" the ncgociation
to you,
hither.
raised, that if the orders for that
" sure had been previously communicated
*'
must repair
" that Rao Rasta observed
write,
siege of
Khiln to the Presence
the same time] they should [think proper to] be very urgent
for your departure also, assuredly you, too,
You
state this matter
as he
had been
led to declare repeatedly
most positive manner, that
if
the Mahrattah
meet ours they would inevitably be put
to
in fact, the very reverse
of
all this
to
shame
had taken place,
;
to his
great disturbance and confusion." It
is
tions of
We
known.
Rao Rusta
:
has there been any
army.
This
is
have not deviated a hair's breadth from the nor,
though we have raised the
deficiency,^'')
on our
siege [of Nergilnd,~\
part, in chastising the
enemy's
a fact of such abundant notoriety as not to require any
What more
other evidence.
?
H (2) TIic court of
sun-o-estoo
Poonah.
(3)
Nana Furnavcese.
(4)
Or
remissness.
2
52
SELECT LETTERS OF
OBSERVATIONS. It is not easy to conceive,
what motive the Sultan could have
for addressing his
agents on any occasion in the Hind'wy, rather than in the Persian language
which
last,
may be
it
safely
presumed that he usually conveyed
to such of his servants as understood
since a
Hlndivy
supposing
letter,
as generally intelligible as a in the present instance,
it
may
it
his written orders
improper hands, would
Possibly the Hindivi/
might have been dispatched, ;
it
at least
for the express
be
purpose of
though, in this case, some intimation of that
be thought, have been given in the Persian letter.
was not confined
;
referred to
letter,
whatever the reason of the proceeding under consideration might be, to observe, that
in
could not be with a view to secrecy
to fall into
Persian one.
being communicated to Rao Rasta design would,
It
it.
;
it
is
But
proper
to the present occasion, or to the persons of the
envoys at Poonah ; since other examples of the practise in question will be met
with in the course of It
this
work.
would seem, by the second paragraph of the foregoing
had been put by the court of Poonah, or
sinister interpretation
Rasta, upon the desire expressed by the Sultan for the return of
Khan.
What
letter,
that
at least
some
by Rao
Noor Mahommed
the particular nature of the suspicions entertained on this occasion
by the Mahrattahs was, does not appear have apprehended the
real object
secret intrigue of the Sultan's at
;
but
not improbable, that, they
it is
of the envoy's recal to be connected with
Poonah
:
nor
is it
may some
likely, that the latter's disavowal
of any improper view in the matter would have the effect of removing those doubts or fears; especially, as the two states were it is
certain that
Noor Mahommed Khan did
obey the summons of detained at Poonah, I
am
now
till
his
the
master; and that,
month of
May
at
open war.
Be
this as
it
may,
not, at this time, obtain leave to
both he and his colleague, were
in the following year.
not sufficiently acquainted with the details of this war, to be enabled to
decide between the opposite pretensions of
Rao Rasta and
specting the success of the earlier operations of
Sultan had, at
this period,
it.
of Tippoo Sultan, re-
It is clear,
however, that the
been compelled to relinquish the siege of Nergdnd, by the
TIPPOO SULTAN.
53
menacing position of the Mahrattah army, and that Rao Rasta was not to
tlie
be persuaded, that the measure had been adopted purely at his instance.
would appear
truth, indeed,
The
no material advantage had been
to be, that, hitherto,
obtained by either side.
LETTER XXXVIII. To
What
to be
some ; same
(\st
date.
May.^
you write, regarcling the variations of the
your quarter, the proper
the
is
mode of
done
is,
to
which means an
Our
revealed.
temperature*^'^ in
physicians have thoroughly ascertained
The
treating(-) the diseases in question.
draw
off,
by bleeding,
improvement
effectual
The body
constitution of the patient.
the corrupt
all
will
first
thing
humours
by
;
be produced in the general
of the diseased party being thus
completely brought under suhjcction,^^^ the next step must be to expel
from
it
every remaining seed of the distemper,
meanwhile, whatever medicines
may
administering,
be found necessary.
in the
What more
?
OBSERVATIONS. This curious enigmatical
letter is sufficiently intelligible.
The unwholesome
temperature oi Poonah, alludes to the hostile disposition towards the Sultan, which
had for
latterly superseded at that
Court the amicable sentiments, formerly entertained
himself and his father by the Mahrattah rulers.
By
his physicians, the Sul-
tan means his counsellors, or perhaps, the commanders of his army. to
be cured
is,
of course, the enmity of the Mahrattahs
;
The
disease
and the mode of cure, that
(1) Original
(2)
Literally
(3) Original
W\ ^^l^j<__»l '«
i_iLi-l
"
curing."
a^ -^U ^j^„j< ^JOJ
_^J
unhcaltliiness of the air, or climate, of that place."
SELECT LETTERS OP
54 that which he
had begun
pursue
to
;
The
namely, an active war against them.
remaining allusions are equally obvious
;
much
and, indeed, so
can
so, that it
hardly be imagined that the Sultan proposed to disguise his instructions under this metaphorical cypher, which could not person, fore,
knowing who the
fail to
be immediately understood by any
was
writer, or even the party addressed,
most probable, that nothing more was intended by
:
it
is,
there-
than a display of the
it,
writer's ingenuity.
LETTER XXXIX. To XooR Maho3I3ied
The
letter
understood.
length to
you sent us
Khan
;
(\sl
date.
passed under our view, and
lias
Whatever was necessary
Mahommcd Ghyus
same
;
to be said,
our letter to
whom
May.^ its
contents are
has been written at
will
inform you [of our
sentiments], agreeably to which you will act.
LETTER XL. To BuRHANUBDEEN
;
dated I9th Begular
Ahmedy.
(4th Mat/.')
It has been represented to us, that the garrison of Rdmdoorg proposed to capitulate, but that you intimidated them [by your answer],
and thereby threw away the favorable opportunity [or the advantage thus oftercd].
Where was
You must
still
the propriety of this [proceeding]
encamp before the
said fortress
;
?
It is
well.
and sending for battering
guns from Dhdrwdr, and collecting together the materials
for trenches,
may
induce them
by these means to submit
:
strike
upon
such a terror into the garrison as
their doing which,
of the fort with their arms.
you may permit them to march out
After putting a proper garrison in the place,
you
TIPPOO SULTAN.
55
you are to direct such of the enemy as are inchided to be conducted, with their arms,
beyond the Kishna.
TaaMkddr of Nugr,
Nursia, the
has, of course, sent you, in pur-
two hundred
suance of our orders,
in the capitulation,
Let
CooliesS^^
their
arrival be
reported to us.
You and Mecr Kumruddeen Khiin must keep
united, both in
and thought, and execute every business of the Sircar creditable
manner
we have
agreeably to what
,<^-)
word
an able and
in
formerly and repeatedly
written on this subject.
N. B.
A
same tenor and date was written
letter of the
to
Kumruddeen.
OBSERVATIONS. The
foregoing letter furnishes a clear proof, that whatever the degree of general
confidence reposed in Biirhinuddeen by the Sultan might be, the
kept spies upon his brother-in-law
less,
on
freely
was paid.
conduct
his
Indeed
it
;
and
to
who were
;
latter,
neverthe-
encouraged to animadvert
whose representations
considerable
attention
among
the state
appears, from several of the documents
papers found at Seringapatam, that the Sultan had organized a very extensive
system of espionage throughout his dominions, and in almost every department of his government.
His envoys and
districts,
at foreign courts, his military
were
all
diligently watched
;
commanders,
or, at least,
his governors of forts
ordered to be so
the spies, thus employed, were, in general, very well known,
it
may
:
but as
be safely
presumed, that their integrity was often corrupted, and their vigilance as often eluded.
The
practice of placing spies over public functionaries
common under
all
the governments of India
few of them have carried
it
so far as
:
but
I
am
is,
no doubt, very
inclined to think, that
was done by Tippoo Sultan
;
of whose regulations^
(1)
Coo/i« arc labourers, and carriers of burthens.
(2) In the original jjj.
or
" splendidly."
56
SELECT LETTERS OP
tions for this will be
department an outline (consisting of a short edict on the subject),
found in Appendix F.
LETTER To
Your
the
XLI.
same ; dated 20th Begular Ahmedy. has been received
letter
(5th
May^
and your account of the reduction of
;
Udmdoorg, and of your having placed a garrison
therein, is understood.
Sending for the battering guns from Dhdnvdr, and collecting together the necessary materials for the erection of batteries, &c. you will proceed
Nergund, and
against
lose
no time
in reducing
Nursia, the Taalukddr of Nvgr,
hundred
Coolies,
The
their arrival.
with you
:
who have most
by our order, sent you two
probably joined you.
You
Kopul and JBdddmy
Coolies belonging to
will report
are already
be expeditious, therefore, in collecting together every thing
necessary [for the early siege of sent, for placing
which you
to
has,
it.
two
Joivks,^^^
Nergund\
A
Hindivy order has been
&c., in garrison at Rdmdoorg, agreeably
will act.
You and Kumruddeen Khan,
agreeing in word and thought, must
execute the business of the Sirear in a splendid [or creditable] manner.
N. B.
A letter
of the same tenor and date was dispatched to
LETTER To
Kumruddeen.
XLII.
Ghulam Ahmed, KJzy of Nugr ;
dated 24th Regular
Aumedy.
(yth 3Iay.)
Your
letter
has
been received.
Frenchmen, together with
You have
their captain,
that
written,
had embraced the
faith,
nine
and that
(1)
A
Jozck was a subili vision of a liisdla or Kushoov, answering to our
ctj'.iently,
a Jowkddr was the captain
of"
a company.
company: con-
TIPPOOSULrTAN. the said captain
tliat
of a liisdta of
humbly hoped
Ahmedies.
<">
to be
It is
Sf
honored
known
witli the
command
and our pleasure
:
ten rupees be given to each of them, and that they
be
all
is,
aforesaid captain
honor he
receive the
shall
tliat
dispatched,
under an escort [a safen^uard], to the Presence, where, on their tlie
of
arrival,
Peremptory
solicits.
orders for the payment of the above stipends, and for furnishing the
necessary escort, have been sent to the Kilaaddr of Niigr.
OBSERVATIONS. The Ahmedies
here mentioned were a military corps, composed of the converts
(whether forced or voluntary) to the
Tippoo Sultan, with
whom
it
Mahommedan
religion.
already referred to
seems to have been a favorite establishment
;
of the
Memoirs
:
" The Portuguese Nazarenes'^' established themselves,
"
was instituted by
of which he himself gives the following curious account in the
origin
*'
Jt
about three hundred
years ago, in a factory situated near the sea shore, and on the banks of a large
This place they obtained of the Rdjali of Soondali, under the pretext of
river.
" trading [with his subjects]
" which
"'
and here, availing themselves of the opportunities
:
arose in the course of time,
they acquired possession of a territory,
" yielding a yearly revenue of three or four lachs of rupees, throughout which they and prayers among the Mussulman inhabitants, and the
•'
equally prohibited
*'
worship of idols among the Hindoos
"
to embrace their religion,
fasts
;
finally expelling
from thence
which the Hindoos were required
to
all
(1) liisdla usually denotes a
" under
body of cavalry of an
corresponding to the strength of a regiment
Ruula (2)
is
(3)
inilefinito
number, but,
the term, however, liorse
and
foot.
is
for tiie
most
sometimes applied
The commander
of a
called a liisdladdr.
The
English
:
mixed corps of
to infantry, and occasionally to a
refused
do within three days,
I
j)art,
who
5'M//flH
applies
tiiis
name
to Christians in genera)
in particular.
Cr
uo doubt, meant here.
;
but
it
sometimes denotes the
S8
SELECT LETTERS OP
" under pain,
" converted
they remained in the country after that time, of being forcibly
if
to
Some
it.
of the people, alarmed at this proceeding, abandoned
"
their property
"
part, considering the threatened
and homes, and took refuge in other countries
" means of removing
whereupon these
"
Nazarenes, at the end of the appointed time, obliged them
"
false religion.
after this,
by means of
gifts
" among the Rdjahs and Au7nils of that quarter,
" from eighty to a hundred
" Kdridl-Bundur ;'*' " in
" by artifice, and
partly
;
"'
they were suffered to erect
by tempting the
[Such was the
faith.
herej when, by the divine favor, and through the aid of the
*'
and with the help of the conquering Lion of
*'
into our hands
"
over,
"
list
we
of
The
to us,
Dewdn
of the
officer
state of things
of Prophecy,'''
God,-'' the port of
and causing our zeal
officers
of
the
fell
accursed
faith to boil
*'
for
accordingly,
to prepare a
this purpose,
to us a detailed report on the subject.
and some
soldiers
to
employing
After this,
the
soon prepared
we caused
an,
be stationed in every place inhabited by the
"
(4)
Kuridl
tliese
for the
Huzoor Kuchurry
Kuchurry,
Mdtusuddiea of Soonda, Nugr, Kilrkll, &c.
" and delivered
"
known
vast
houses occupied by the Christians, taking care not to omit a single
" habitation. '•'
fully
instantly directed the
all
Asylum
on which occasion the odious proceedings of
Pddries becoming
religion,
[of the poorer classes], on
avarice
*'
*'
Nugr, Soonda, and
and by whose means they prevailed, partly
'" numbers of the inhabitants to adopt their
;
embrace their
to
which they placed a Pddre or two, whose
was that of the Guebres
fact,
all
infidel
and presents distributed
in the countries of
idol temples,*'"
in each of
but the greater
danger as improbable, and not possessing the
their effects, preferred remaining;
Sometime
:
Christians,
Meaning, of course, churches.
(5)
Mangalore:
(6)
The
(7)
Mahommed.
i^Mwrfiir signifies
a sea
port..
ancient Parsees, or worsliippers of
(3) Original
t_JUll iiS\^
by Tippoo Sultan
fire.
Usudullah idghtUib, viz. of the Caliph AH, and was adopted
as a sort of motto, whicli
lie
sometimes inscribed on his weapons and
other articles. (1»)
A Dewdn
is
a minister or officer, superintending the revenues of a state
The Huzoor Kuchurry was
tlie
or
province.
revenue board at Seringapatam, or that attending the Presence.
TIPPOO SULTAN. signifying to them, that, at the
*'
Christians
"
receive further orders, wliich
" men and
;
being
officers
" were transmitted
to
end of a
them,
they were then to carry into
'
viz.
'
at the
"
'
may
**
'
dispatched to our Presence.'
On
hour of morning prayer,
let all
women and
together with their
And on
children, be
it
be opened and read.
"
at the
" were the whole "
" dispatched '
to
week and month on which
same hour (namely, that of morning prayer)
the
to
number of
''"'
made
from whence we caused them,
;
provisions,
to
be conveyed,
to the Taaluhddrs of
:
sixty thousand,
prisoners,
under proper guards,
which place we sent
men, and a person of reputable and upright character placed,
"
at the
*'
and children) were directed
*'
where they were duly fed and clothed, and ultimately admitted
Of
;
these to
Risdlas,
to Sc~
orders, directing that
*'
head of each.
and
after furnishing
" [the said Christians] should be divided into Risdlas, or corps, of
" Islamism
and
Accordingly our orders were every where opened
at the
our Presence
them duly with
" ringapatam
prisoners
of the Christians, male and female, without the exception of a
individual,
single
and
;
made
the sealed cover, or superscription, of each
"
same moment
number
the Christians, whatever their
dispatches, was specified the day of the
to
These
full effect.
such a day of the week and month, and
" of these was
certain time, they should
arrived at their respective posts, the following orders
all
"
be,
59
four (together
five
hundred
as Risdladdr,
women
with their
be stationed at each of the following places,'"' to the
and the appellation of Ahmedi/'"^ was bestowed upon the
honor of collective
« body."""
Thus
far the Sultan.
Of
these sixty thousand Christians, fifteen thousand
may
be supposed to have been capable of bearing arms, which number would form " thirty
I 2
(10)
The
Sultan, nt
(11) S'cringapalam
tlic
is
time
licre
Iicrc
spoken
named, but the
of,
was
rest of the
(12)
Ahmed \s one of
the names of Maiionimed.
(13)
The
institution
date of
tliis
is
in the
neighbourhood of Mangalore.
passage
indicated (the Sultan adds)
" God is the defender of the Ahmedy religion " The light of (he firmament is derived from the
I
do not
clcarl}-
understand.
by the following couplet
;
where the K Jligcra 1197.
jihmedi) religion," (or people.)
tiers couipnsiiiy the last line, or iiemisiich, in tlic origuial, give the
year of the
^
SELECT LETTERS OP
60 But
thirty Risdlas.
this
Soon
Christianity.
corps was not composed exclusively of converts from
estabhshment,
after its
Kurg
strength in the captives of the
being compelled to embrace the
Ahmedy
the
corps, to the
or
received a considerable accession of
it
Koorg nation
Mahommedan
all
;
among whom,
the males
were afterwards enrolled in
to the
Sultans own account in a
number (according
faith,
The
subsequent part of this Memoir) of from sixty to seventy thousand men."'*' united corps were distributed throughout the garrisons and districts of
and every where the those in
strictest orders
authority to
these
treat
(says the Sultan) were issued,
new Mahommedans with them "
derness, and, in short, to consider
as
Mysore
commanding
the greatest ten-
more precious even than
their
own
souls,"
LETTER
XLIII.
To Meer Kumruddeen Khan; dated 25th Begular Ahmedy. (lOfh 3Ia>/.)
Your
letter
You
understood. *'
has
under our view,
passed
write,
*'
is
You must
known.
its
contents
are
that the J3i/de horse,^^^ out of employ, have
committed great excesses and depredations
It
and
issue the
in the Sircar's dominions.'*
most peremptory orders [to these
people] to carry their ravages into the Mahrattah territories, bringing
away (14) Tliat
is,
as I suppose, that the total
number of
and children, were between sixty and seventy thousand
number of
soldiers, as the sixty
(1)
The
horse, here called
Kuzzdks.
selves
They
by plunder
;
.ffj/(/^,
are
the
men
indiuling -women
giving, probably, about
thousand Christians mentioned in
converts were formed into Risdlas of a thousand
7).\\(\
;
/v'oo;-^ prisoners,
each.
tlie
text.
tlic
same
The Koorg'
(Memoir.)
same as those denominated
/'//(^Wcf/w, Looties,
are predatory troops receiving no regular pay, but maintaining themin
pursuit of which they sometimes
make
equally free with
friends
and foes. By Bjjdcs out of employ," is to be understood such as had not been formally engaged by the Sultan, but followed the army spontaneous!}-, which it is very common for many of them to do. *•
TIPPOOSULTAN. away from thence
all
61
make booty
the horses they can
and desisting
of,
[for the future] from their depredations in our country.
You and Burhanuddeen must remain
united in your councils;
and
collecting together the necessary materials for opening trenches against
Kergiind, lose no time in reducing that place.
In short, you must,
in all
agree in word and thought.
affairs,
lurrokul belongs to the Zeminddr of Kolapoor, and the said Zeminddr
well disposed towards us
is
you must, therefore, never mention
:
name, but attend to what we heretofore particularly and on
What more
this head.
shall be written
his
enjoined
strictly
?
OBSERVATIONS. had not recentlv some disarrrcement o
If
ruddeen, letter,
it
may,
at least,
arisen between
Burhanuddeen and
be inferred from the second paragraph of the foregoing
that the Sultan was in apprehension of
it,
sary to repeat so soon his former exhortations to
and, therefore, judged
harmony.
may be
It
however, wliether these admonitions produced the desired eftect after the date of the present dispatch, fresh
commanders
"
Kum-
symptoms
;
it
neces-
doubted,
since, not
long
of discord between the rival
are manifested.
by enjoining Kumruddeen " never
not very clear, what the Sultan means,
It
is
to
mention the name" of the Zeminddr of Kolapoor.
situated near Soonda and Goa,
and
Kolapoor
in the possession of a chieftain,
is
a district
who acknow-
ledges the authority of the government of Poonah, and pays, I believe, a tribute to tlie
Palshwa.
between
It
this chieftain
would seem, that a good understanding and the Sultan
;
and that the
latter,
on
secretly subsisted this account,
had
determined to treat him as a neutral, notwithstanding his connexion with the Maiirattah
empire.
It
is
also not improbable, that
of the friendly disposition of the
Kumruddeen
(ignorant, perhaps,
Zeminddr towards the Sultan) may have proposed
to take possession of TilrJidl or Turrokul
;
in Avhich case, the purport of the
expression under consideration miglit have been, that the Zeminddr of Kolapoor
was
62
SELECT LETTERS OP
was not
to be considered or
as that of
spoken of in
a hostile
manner, or his
territory treated
an enemy.
LETTER XLIV. Mahommed Ghyas
To
Megular
Your two ceived,
Rasta
letters,
Mahommed Khan; Ahmedy. (\4tk May^
and Noor
dated 29ih
Ahmedy, have been
of the 11th and 15th of
re-
and the account of your conferences with the Paishkdi<^^ of Rao is
understood.
The Mahrattah army has come and amount of
laid
waste our dominions, to the
eight lacks of pagodas,^^^ and otherwise proceeded in an un-
warrantable manner:
the
commanders of our
forces have,
in
conse-
quence, been reduced to the necessity of attacking that army, which,
On
after sustaining a sevei'e defeat, has been driven across the Kishiia.
enemy] our commanders
their return [from the pursuit of the
jRdmdoorg, and have since opened trenches against Nergihid. however, are wilUng to relinquish the attack upon the
We
satisfaction be
made
to us for the injury done to our country.
on
still,
on
latter place,
that the arrears of the usual Paishcush be discharged,
condition
due
seized
and
We
shall otherwise soon reduce the place.
You must possession
return to us by the post in the possession
and
all
of Noor
the
bills
of exchange in your
Mahommed
Khan.(^>
chiefs of that place consent to the dismission of the said
If the
Khdn, and
to his
f
I)
(2)
A
Paishliur
Or twenty
is
a manager or conductor of business, -whether public or private.
lacks: for the manuscript
is
here so illegible, that cither reading
may be
adopted. ^3)
Tiie
bills,
here spoken
of,
had probably been sent
being paid over to the Mahrattah government, Sullan.
to the envoys, for the purpose of
in satisfaction
of
its
pecuniary claims on the
TIPPOOSULTAN. we
his being dispatched hither,
him every
shall then
(53
be enabled to ascertain from
particular respecting that quarter,
and
means
to consider the
of remitting the money [due or claimed].
Your account of tance
your
will,
and disbursements
receipts
hereafter,
be
made
is
duly arrived.
A
remit-
to you, for defraying the expences of
mission.^^^
LETTER XLV. Khan
To Ku3iRUDBEEN
;
dutcd \st
Behary.
(lolh Majf).
have represented, " that notwithstanding the peremptory com-
You *'
mands
issued by us for the purpose, the necessary articles for enabling
*'
you
open trenches [against Nergdud] have not yet been sent to you
*'
by any of the Aumils
to
" repeat our That
orders."
light of
;
to
It is
whom
you, in consequence, request
now
his
known.
our eyes^^ has always been a mere child
WTite to us so often to repeat our orders. [in all cases] sufficient.
is
will
:
(->
but
must absolutely have forsaken him, as otherwise he could not
senses
us
we
Where
is
One peremptory
order from
who
dares to be
the AurnU,
remiss in dispatching the articles [directed to be furnished by us]
who has
there be any
death
or^^)
:
disregarded our commands,
let
If
?
him be put
to
the Purwunehs,^**] so slighted, be returned to the Pre-
let
sence.
The (4) Literally (1)
See Note
(2) It (3)
A
is
thus
of
1, I
tlic
people attached to you."
Letter
XXX.
understand the words jo Jils JLa-jjJ
slight alteration in the reading
rendered " and (4*)
"
A
let
written
(namely
\,
ai"
jjLj^
bd forb j/rt) will admit of the passage bein^
the Pu)~wdnch so slighted, &c."
mandate or order.
J
SELECT LETTERS OP
64
The workmen'^) who
arrive
from the
different
of the trenches, as well as those already
Burhanuddeen, are to be
witii
Taking half of them, therefore, you must imme-
divided between you.
commence the
diately
Taaldks for the service
business of the trenches
season approaches, and that,
when
longer be prosecuted with vigour.
that sets
For
:
in,^'')
seeing that the rainy
the siege cannot any
this reason,
you are
to proceed
with the utmost dispatch in the attack and reduction of Nergund.
OBSERVATIONS. The
foregoing letter, at the same time that
slight estimation in
(what
is
it
which the Sultan held the
further evinced in
many
affords a pretty strong proof of the
talents of
Kumruddeen,
shews
also
other instances) that in the occasional expression
of his disapprobation, he was not apt to be restrained by any consideration for the
rank of the person incurring
it;
dealing out the same measure of asperity to the
highest as to the lowest officer or servant, and respect, in favour even of his
speaking of his orders,
is
own near
relation.
making no
The
lofty tone,
indicated
by the
have been,
;
could,
on any
is
:
for
such
But whatever the
liable. it,
it
to
which,
it is
and
difficult to
Daring, indeed, must the
is
fact
Aumil
pretext, not simply refuse or with-hold obedience
to a Ptirwdneh of this prince, but contumaciously return
ing or sending
which he assumes in
been actually insulted, in the manner that would seem to be
close of the second paragraph.
who
in this
likewise highly illustrative of his imperious temper,
of his quick sensibility of whatever affected his authority believe, should have
distinction,
it
to the person deliver-
the construction to which the passage in question
may
have been, no farther trace
of,
is
or allusion to
be met with in the correspondence.
(5) Tlicrc
is
a specification of these in the original, but the terms
employed are
cither
miswrittcn or unknown to me. (6) Tlic periodical rains in
the beginning of June.
Mysore, and the elevated countries adjoining
it,
usually set in
TIPPOOSULTAN.
65
LETTER XL VI. To the same; dated 3d Behauy.
Your
letter,
(l^th Maij.^
informing us of the molestation given by the cavalry and
Kuslioons attached to the division under Burhanuddeen to the labourers^')
coming from JJhdrwdr
camp,] has been received, and
[to your
its
con-
tents are understood.
You " well
write also [in the as of eighteen
" army, '*
same
that the quantity of powder, as
*'
letter,]
and twenty-four pounds
shot, with
Burhanuddeen's
inadequate [to the service going forward,] and request us to
is
send orders to the Kilaaddr of Dhdrwdr, to dispatch a further supply
" of those
articles."
It is
again write, to say, that
We
known.
all stores
have already written, and
now
arriving from the Taaldks of the Sircar
are to be divided equally between you and Burhanuddeen.
We enclose Dhdrwdr, half of
it
to to
an order
whom you
for the shot, &c. required, to will
forward
Burhanuddeen
supplies that arrive
hanuddeen attacks
;
it
In
like
Your
receiving this supply, deliver
manner, take the half of
and attacking Nergiind from one from the other,
LETTER To
On
it.
Mahommed Ushruf
;
let
side,
all
other
while Bur-
the fortress be speedily reduced.
XLVII. same
(\^th Mai/.^
date.
accompanied by a statement of the
letter,
the Kilaaddr of
receipts, disburse-
ments, and balances of the T'aaldks of Goofij, Bidhdry, Ouh, and Hindi-
K (I)
Tlic original
ing a day
lal)oiircr,
and, of course,
is
is
Ujinuntpoor,
The former
cither lii'gdnes or Pi/kuries.
Pykdr
or pressed Cooley.
not applicable here
:
I
is
is
a Ilindixy word, signify-
a Persian word, signifying war or fightinr,
am, therefore, inclined
to read Bigdrt/.
SELECT LETTERS OF
66
Unmintpoor, has been received, and the particulars
set forth [therein] are
understood.
You
write,
that there are large balances outstanding in the Taalitks
*'
" of the Sircar, and particularly *'
thousand pagodas have been collected, notwitstanding four horsemen
" have been employed *'
Gooty and Bulhdnj, where only a
in
peremptory orders
You must
SuzCuvuls
as
may be
issued [on the occasion]
desire, that
from the Presence."
scourge the defaulters severely, and [by this means] speedily
What more ?
realize the dues of the Sircar.
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
Your
and you therefore
;'^^^
letter,
XLVIII.
d^itcd 11 fh
;
Behary.
(2oth Mai/.')
mentioning that you had nearly completed your
approaches, and that Biirhanuddcen's batteries were
of a
Without approaching very
hill-fort.
making a very wide and
effectual breach,
proper to attempt an assault
on the
;
will
to,
directing
him
to
an
and
never be advisable or until
on your
to deliver to
guns and labourers [he has recently received]
you must continue
is
Burhanud-
keeping up, in the mean while, such a
place, as shall utterly destroy the wall
uddeen has been written
This
close to the place,
you must, therefore, wait
:
deen's batteries are completed fire
it
two
unfinished, has
still
passed under our view, and the contents are comprehended. affair
first
;
side.
Burhan-
you half of the
with the help of which
push on your approaches, and speedily reduce
this
fort.
(1) Siizdwuls
are a kind of
account of revenue. the crcd.tor.
bailifls,
or
duns,
Tlicy are maiutaincd,
employed
wjiile
tliey are
to enforce
paynietits
due on
em])loyed, at the c.xpcncc of
TIPPOO SULTAN.
®7,
LETTER XLIX. To BuRHANUDDEEN
Your
letter,
for the purposes
You
(25lh May?)
date.
requesting our authority for engaging in your service a
Milnshij, for the purpose of
been received.
same
;
making out passports and writing
Agreeably to your
desire,
letters, lias
you may hire a Kunry writer
you mention/')
are to deliver to
Kumruddeen Khun
half the guns and labourers
[that join you.]
Kalu Pundit,
Make
enquiries,
it
seems, together with his family, has
and
let
us
know who now commands
fled
from Nergund.
that place.
OBSERVATIONS. have been unable to ascertain whether Kala Pundit was the Zeminddr of Ner-
I
gAnd, or only an
officer intrusted
by him with the defence of the
place.
The
report here noticed of his flight proved to be unfounded.
LEITER Mahommed Kazim
To
lute
BuKTSHY of
the
L.
(Brother of the deceased
Jysue Kvchurry)
Zynul Aabideen,
dated I2th
;
BehJrv.
(26th May.}
It has, at
this time, pleased
event has caused us
we
desire
you
much
God
that your brother should die.
Having
concern.
will lepair speedily to
it
in
This
view to provide for you,
our Presence, and consider yourself
as secure of our favor.
K (1)
But not a Munshr/, or Persian writer,
writer would be less ciiiirgeabie tlian a Munslii/.
2 as BCirhaiiCiddccn
bad proposed.
A Kunry
68
SELECT LETTERS OF
LETTER To Zykul Aabideen
Your
letter,
LI.
dated 19th BeiiJry.
;
enclosing an account of the receipts and disbursements
of the Taalttk of LoU-ghurrij , has been received,
therein stated
is
(2d Jiine^
You
understood.
" Ghurry has absconded, and " be sent from the Presence."
say,
" that the ylumiloi the aforesaid
new jlumil and KUaaddr may
desire that a It
Aumil should have absconded
is
and what you have
known.
But how
is it,
ivithout cause or motive
that the said
?^^^
You must
enquire very particularly into this matter, and report the result to us.
LETTER To BuRHANUDDEEN
**
;
LII.
dated 21st
Behary.
(4th June.^
You have represented to us, " that you had proposed to Kumruddeen Khan to make over to him the Kushoon of Shaikh Unser, and to take,
i'
in its place, the Ktishoon of the
*'
that the aforesaid
*'
at this time, to
Khdn had
commandant Mahoumied
given for answer, that
make such an exchange."
Let the Kushoon of
Mahommed
Well
!
Ali remain there
it
Ali
;
but
was not proper,
what does (7. e.
with
it
signify
?
Kumrud-
deen.)"*^
You
write also, " that you purposed transferring to
" of the great guns, of the labourers. " other half yourself"
same
It is well
:
Coolies,
and you
Avill
Kumruddeen
half
&c. and keeping the continue to
make
the
division hereafter.
You (
I
)
The
(1*)
period.
Sultan seems to Iiave suspected some collusion
The exchange
here declined by
Kumruddeen
in this transaction.
nevertheless took place at a subsequent
TIPPOOSULTAN. You
say,
" that tbe VakeeP^ of Kittoor bad been with you, and
represented to you, that
*'
" would,
69
at tbe
master were allowed a week or two, he
if his
end of that time, wait upon you, and perform such
services for the Sircar as should be required of him."
**
At
It
is
known.
the expiration of tbe specified period, you will, accordingly, send for
him, and employ him in our
service.*^^^
LETTER To Five
Mahommed Ghyas
letters^')
;
LIII.
dated 22d JBeh.jry.
(oth Junc.^
from you, dated tbe 22d and 25th of Ahmedi/ [7th and
10th of May], and 1st and 4tb of JBehdri/ [15tb and 18th May], have
been received, and every particle of their contents
You
observe, " that
we have
said in
our
is
understood.
Rao Rasta
(of
(Rao Rasta) having
told
letter to
*'
which a copy was sent to you,
"
'
Mahommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan,
"
'
that be was willing to engage that his government should
*'
'
to us the
"
'
us compensation for the ravages committed in our country,
"
'
in consequence,
"
'
who would
'
that he,
for our information,
Paishcuih due to us by the Nergund man, as well as make
made known our
accordingly communicate the same to him.' "
to refer to
them again, when
we
sentiments to the aforesaid
add, " that this was not the purport of your letters to us
" us
make good
will
it
;
bad,
Khdn,
You then and request
appear that what you stated
" was, that Rao Rasta had proposed that eighty thousand rupees should " be (2)
A
Vakeel
is
acting lor or in the
a representative
name
:
and
tlic
term
is
apjiiicd to almost
every kind of agent,
of another, from an ambus auor to a petty attorney.
Sec Letter
XIII, (3) It
will hereafter
be seen, that the Sultan, at
tiiis
very time, probably meditated the
seizure of Kittoor. (1)
But only/oMr are mentioned.
Possibly two might have been of the same date.
SELECT LETTERS OF
70 be paid to us by
charges
and
;
way of
that,
for
and ten thousand rupees for Diirhdr
fine,
the future, the payment of the Paishcush
should be secured to us, in the same manner as
<(
Ram.
what answer you are
to give to
" of you "
Such being the
paid through ApAjee
at
Rao
when
if
used to be
you wish to know
case,
Rasta,
it
he should demand
what time he had ever made the communication ascribed
to him." It
is
Whenever
known.
are received from you, the proper
letters
answers to them are deliberated on, and written accordingly. the present case, our ivriting in the tvas the result
of expediency
proceeding
appear.
What You will letter
ivill
manner we have done
[to
and sometime hereafter the
;
Rao
which we have sent
If your longer stay at
Rao
attended with any circumstances derogatory to our
dismission,
incivility [or
dignity,]<^-> it
and lepair hither, declaring yourself plainly
at
be
can be
demand your
and, in this case, you will
;
known.
occasion.
Poonah should be marked with
productive of no advantage
is
of the
the dress of condolence, and the
him on the
for
Rasta,
utiliti/
you write of the death of Anund, Rao Rasta's son, deliver to the aforesaid
Thus, in
your departure
[to the following effect.]
" Notwithstanding the
you have received
favors
at the
hands of
my
" master, you have afforded assistance to a Polygdr,^^^ belonging [or " subject] to him and forgetting the boundless kindness of the Sircar, :
" you have *'
sent your army,
and
of [many] lacks of rupees
;
laid
waste his country, to the amount
while [on the other hand]
my
master, in
" conformity with the wishes of Rao Rasta, expressed, both verbally " and by writing, directed the siege of Neigiind to be raised, and his " (2) In the original
"
it is
juUi
v_ "^^
j^\
i.
or unkindly." (3)
A Poli/gdr is the same as a Zemiitddr.
e.
"
if it
should look,
forces
or appear, ungracious
TIPPOOSUI.TAN.
71
" forces to withdraw to a distance from thence.
The army
" Bhow, nevertheless, attacked that of the Sircm- ; the *'
" worsted, and compelled to all this,
" the *'
Rao Rasta
siege of
rupees,
issue of whicli
however, was, that the Bhoiv was completely
[act of aggression],
" of
of Pitrserum
flee
beyond the Xw/ma.
my master
continues to require of
Nergiind
In spite, however, to relinquish
and accepting a mulct of eighty thousand
;
and a farther sum of ten thousand rupees for Durhdr charges,
" to agree,
for the future, to receive the Paishcush in the
Now my
" heretofore paid by Apajee Ram. " you yourselves would
fairly consider this
" repeated declaration he has made " contributions
levied on his
to
subjects,
manner
was
it
master only wishes, that
matter, and bear in mind the
you [through us], regardino- the to
amount of ten
the
lacks of
" pagodas, by the Nergiind man, as well as the ravages committed by " him in the Sircar's territories [all whicli being duly weighed] he ;
" leaves you to judge
" arrangement, so
how
far
mention, " that
to us, through
him
latter's
to consent to
an
he has sustained,
Pohjgdr."
this
Rao Rasta had
" that having caused the *'
possible for
entirely inadequate to the losses
" through the aggressions of
You
is
it
represented to the ministerj^")
sentiments to be repeatedly conveved
our confidential servants (meaning yourselves), and
" having moreover himself communicated them
to us
by
letter,
lie
could
" not be justly blamed, because we had not sent a suitable answer to the " same."
To which you " declared *'
it
say, the minister
replied,
" that he had alwavs
to be his opinion, that as, notwithstanding his (Rasta's)
constant importunity, no
" become perfectly **
had
money had been
clear, that
relations of amity with
them
we no ;
sent from hence,
/".
e.
Nana Furnavecsc.
was
longer wished to maintain the
seeing that, otherwise, such procras-
" (0
it
tination
SELECT LETTERS OF
^2 <'
tination
and evasion
" taken place
and
;
money [due] could never have
in dispatching the
that, this being the case,
we might be
he
now thought
informed, through you,
proper that
if
*'
plainly to desire that
"
'
we had
*'
*
we would
"
'
years, together with [the necessary
"
'
charges
'*
'
consent to what was heretofore settled [on that point.']
*'
eluded, as you report, by saying,
"
'
preservation of their friendship, and were determined to persist in
*'
'
withholding the money [due], he could see no use in your remaining
"
'
there.'"
It is
:
view duly to strengthen the foundations of harmony,
in
it
[immediately] send the arrears due for the three [last]
and
that, with respect to the
No
known.
sum on account of] Durbdr
doubt,
that
'
our bad
Nergiind business, we must
if
faith,
cultivate their friendship, ai'e manifest,
we
and our
in the
What
light of the sun.
"
a
common
saying,
Mahommed Khun
con-
disinclination
same manner is
as
to
their
as clear as the
pleasure can there be in reiterating these things
" that
any body be
if
But, notwithstanding
sufficient."
He
did not wish for the
performance of their strong and solemn engagements
It is
'
all
this,
we
wrote,
to be sent to us, in order that
ascertain the views of the riders there,
home, one word
at
desiring
we might
?
is
Noor
the better
and obtain the necessary expla-
nations on the subject of their engagements, preparatory to our setting
about the transmission of the stipulated money.('>
KJidn had accordingly been sent hither, into effect.
It
is
still
this
If the
aforesaid
would have been carried
our desire, that he should be dispatched to us,
and that you [Mahommed Ghyas] should remain there
;
but
if
your
departure also shoidd appear to be desired by that government, or they should [openly]
insist
med, taking leave of them,
upon will
it,
then you, as well as Noor
if
Mahom-
immediately repair hither. Instead
(5)
Meaning
the usual tribute claimed by the Mahrattahs
TIPPOOSULTA.N. Instead of denoting the
name of
propose doing, by the number 20 the Sircar, by the initial letters
73
the friend of the Sircar, as you
and the name of the
;
number 60 (these being the numerical powers of the
of their respective names), you must,
former, whose
name
;
future, call the
in
Khan
begins with a Gaivf, Gulab
whose name begins with a Seen, Surdar Khan
and the
;
this last
neat and clean; and the names to be employed not at
knowledge of the
ivell-uisher of
What more
real ones.
latter,
cypher being
all
leading to a
?
OBSERVATIONS. This
and interesting document
a very curious
is
;
as,
besides exposing the
chicanery, and even downright falshood, to which the Sultan never scrupled to
when he thought he
resort in his diplomatic transactions, his purposes,
it
tlirows considerable light
could thereby advance
on the grounds of the quarrel subsisting
between him and the government of Poonah
;
and
discloses, in particular, the
opinion entertained of the conduct and views of Tippoo by
who, It
at this period, presided over the affairs of the
Nana Furnaveese,
Mahrattah empire.
not the least remarkable circumstance in the foregoing
is
that to the
letter,
natural question of the ambassadors, " what answer they were to give to
he should demand of them
" Rasta,
if
"
ascribed to
cation
liim,"
at
Riio
what time he had made the communi-
the Sultan makes no reply,
but
leaves
it
the
to
ingenuity of his agents to extricate themselves from the difficulty in which he had placed them, in
The very
tlie
best
manner they
could.
cj'pher which appears to have been proposed
common one
in Iltndostan, being founded
by Mahommed Ghyas
is
a
on the numerical powers assigned
to the letters of the alphabet by the llijtid scheme, as explained in the Intro-
duction ^J^
;
and, according to which, 20 stands for
(Seen).
declares
the
Now, while initial
to this
letters
cypher
of the
furnishes a clue to the latter,
it
it is
CJ (gawf or
haaf)
;
justly objectionable, that
names intended
to
and 6o it
for
expressly
be disguised, and so far
must be admitted, that the one substituted by
L
the
SELECT LETTERS OF
74
the Sultan was not quite so liable to detection
it
conveyed no clear or
absolute indication of the initials of the concealed names.
Thus Surdar Khdn
would not so
;
easily suggest the idea of Saindiah, as
" name begins with 6o, or S supposing that the
;"
would the saying " he whose
since no positive or necessary reason existed, for
letters of
initial
since
the feigned and concealed names were the
same. however, the Sultan's cypher did not possess any great advantage over
Still,
Mahommed Ghyas
that of
" and
clean
;"
;
and
did
still less
because, like the latter,
it
is
it
merit the praise of being
much
so
for
the Faheels,
who accompanied
At
construction.
its
subsequent period, the Sultan appears to have improved somewhat ;
neat
in use, that the generality
of readers would be very apt to suspect the principle of
cyphering
'•
a
in the art of
the hostage princes to Madras, in
1792, were in possession of a figure-cypher, in which a descriptive account of the
works of Fort the papers
It
is
Surdar
George, written throughout in cypher, was discovered
and,
in
consequence,
this,
was not
of detection. not possible, at this time, to say,
Khan
;
but
it
is
who were meant by Gulab Khan and
sufficiently evident,
from the epithets by which each
and the
distinguished, that the former was a person of consideration,
one of
among
Even
found at Seringapatam on the capture of that place.
was but an indifferent contrivance,
however, difficult
St.
latter
is
some
inferior rank.
LETTER To Chishty
Yar Khan
Mahommed Ushruf,
j
LIV.
Beh^ry.
dated 23d
(6th June.')
the Superintendant of the Dewdni/ Kuchurri/
of Gooty, wrote to you, by our direction, desiring you to send to him
Buswunt
Rtio, the
Aumil
of BeiginpiUi/
the accounts of the said yluniil, Instead, however,
;
in order to his
and ascertaining
of complying with this
his malvcxsations.
requisition,
our great astonishment, that you exhibited, on
examining
it
appears,
this occasion, the
to
most
senseless
TIPPOOSUI.,TAN. and extravagant behaviour
senseless
tendant in pieces, and returning
conduct
you must said
Aumil
of the
on
instantly, therefore,
to
like
Mahommcd Ushruf
tearing the letter of the superin-
;
to
it
very remote from what
is
him
in
of this
as
sense
:
dispatch the
letter,
and take care not
improper and rude behaviour,
Such
that condition.
we expected from your good receipt
;
75
to be guilty again
such proceedings arc
contrary to our pleasure.
OBSERVATIONS. The
reproof conveyed in this letter, considering the magnitude of the offence
which gave
rise to
and the usual
it,
severity of the Sultan in similar cases,
is
so
remarkably moderate, as almost to warrant a suspicion, that he occasionally suffered himself to be actuated, in his treatment of his servants,
and private nature,
personal partiality,
condition,
tlie
The
not to say favouritism.
Mahommed
;
of
direction less
of the
Sultan,
contempt of
and most
his authority,
XLV., whose crime was
however, that the Sultan might not
It is possible,
have viewed the transaction in this light
of the character
tearing in pieces, and returning in that
conduct of the Jumil mentioned in Letter
declared to merit death.
affront to
some degree,
was hardly a
to be so,
it
in
by the express
a letter written
probably announcing than
partaking,
by motives of a
but have considered
it
as a
mere personal
Ushruf, which would be sufficiently punished by the bare
manifestation of his displeasure.
LETTER 7o KuMRUDDEEN
You
write,
" that
" that the Sipahddr,
Khan
it is
;
LV.
dated 25th
BehAry.
(3th June.')
not advisable, until the reduction of Nergiind,
Mahommed
Ali, should be relieved, as
L
2
you propose that
BELECT LETTERS OF
76
Knshoon should continue
*'th at his
" trendies."
As
for,
an
is
of no experience, and as
and keep with you, Shaikh Unser and
and station Mahoiuiued All and
his
which means you would have the
more
others would be
officer
his
Kushoon,
Kushoon with Burhanuddeen
services of old
way of acquiring
in the
liis
and new raised troops, we directed that
consists of ignorant
you should send
present post in the
its
known
It is
the aforesaid Sipahddr
Kushoon
occupy
to
while the
soldiers,
The
instruction.
by
;
fact
is,
that the instruction of the aforesaid Sipahddr, and the improvement of
the
men composing
and not
his
his Hisd/a,
is
our object [in
exchange or supercession
you
:
will,
arrangement],
this
therefore, after speak-
ing in an encouraging manner to him, send him to join Burhanuddeen.
What you
Mahommed Nasir (part of Mahommed Ali's Kushoon, and made
say respecting the Risdla of
which you have incorporated
into
over the remainder to Burhanuddeen)
is
you
to the aforesaid Risdla are to be considered by
made
loan or deposit,(') and are neither to be
Mahommed
nor to be incorporated into
The men belonging
understood.
Ali's
in the light of
a
over to Burhanuddeen,
Kushoon
but are to be
;
dispatched to the Presence, whenever our orders, for that purpose, shall
be issued.
With regard
your sending away the stable horses,
to
of the scarcity of grain and forage,
you are just now carrying on
is
is
it
to be observed
against a fort
;
on account
&c.^^)
and that
;
that the
field
war
operations
being [for the present] out of the question, there can, of course, be no
You
call for cavalry.
to
Kuppood-ghur,
pasturage.
will,
therefore, dispatch all the stable horses, &c.
where there
This, indeed,
is
abundance
was formerly
signified
of to
forage
you
;
and good
and
it
is
a
matter (1) Original (2)
The
ti^U
stable horses
cavah'y belonged to
tlie
were
tlie
men and
property of the Sircar officers compojiiig
it.
;
whereas the horses of thn Silahdar
TIPPOC SULTAN.
77
matter of cxtreire astonishment to us, that you should perpetually write
and apply
for orders in
such plain and easy cases as
this.
OBSERVATIONS. The
foregoing letter clearly shows, that
confidence
in
the Sultan did not place unlimited
if
the military talents or experience of Burhanuddeen, he at least
considered the
camp
commander
of that
as
a better school for the
Kumruddeen.
inexperienced soldier than that of
There
is
young and
reason to believe,
however, that the professional merits of Burhanuddeen were duly appreciated by his master; since
we
shall hereafter see
of a wing of the united
him entrusted with the important charge
army of Mysore,
in a general action with the Mahrattahs,
near Shahnoor.
LETTER To
Mahommed Ghyas 26th
Your
LVI.
and Noor
Behary.
three letters (two of
Mahommed Khan
;
datea
(9th June.^
them dated the 9th of Behdrr/, and the
other the 13th of Behdry) accompanied by
five bills
namely, four from yourself, and one from Noor
Mahommed Khan,
The
been received.
detail
conduct of Suddashoo, [person]
is
only an
Hurkdreh
require of
[and no other]
the Hurkdreh, :
is
into,
;
him those
have
regarding the insolent
understood.
The
aforesaid
what question or debate [therefore] can
and why should he be made privy to any secret
arise with him,
You must
you have entered
of exchange,('>
services
which
it
is
his duty to
affairs ?
perform
and when you may have any thing of a particularly secret
(1)
LXIV.
These
were probably
Besides the
bills
tlio
bills
directed
to
be returned
mentioned, these dispatches enclosed what
two Ldkut-lukokh, the meaning of which
I
am
unable to discover.
to the is
Sultan in Letter
caJleU jn the orif'inal
SELECT LETTERS OF
78 secret nature to
which
is
communicate, you must do
in the couplet cypher
enclosed. (^>
and
If the [Mahrattah] minister,
Mahommed Khan, and still
:
you
the rest of them, will dismiss
allow him to return hither,
in the event of their being
better
it
will
Ram Chundur
Behary.
It has been represented to us, that a balance of is
will be
(lOth June.} fifteen
due from some of the Taaluks,
still
and,
LVII.
dated 2'Jth
;
it
;
out together for the Presence.
will, in that case, set
thousand pagodas
he well
urgent for the return of you both,
LETTER To Rajah
it
Noor
or sixteen
under the
charge of Meer Futah Ali, the TaaMkddr of Chuck-Bdldpoor (from
which amount, however,
certain
deductions
remain to be made), and
that you have taken very rigid measures for enforcing payment of the
Now,
same.
functions of
as the aforesaid
that
Tualukddr has never before exercised the
and as he
office,
inexperienced in business,
it is
moreover,
is,
a stranger,
and
our pleasure, that you desist from those
rigorous proceedings, and be content with gradually realizing the balance
You
due.
will therefore recall
the aforesaid
Aumil may be
N.B. The remainder of
your Suzdivuls
relieved
this letter
is
from
[bailiffs],
to the
end that
his present dismay.
on an uninteresting
subject.
OBSERVATIONS. The on
preceding
letter affords
similar occasions.
The
another exception to the usual severity of the Sultan
motives assigned for his lenity, in the present instance are,
(2)
The cypher
the key lo
it
here referred to does not appear.
was comprehended
in
a Bile^ or Distich,
It is called
a couplet cypher, because
TIPPOOSrLTAN. are,
79
no doubt, satisfactory and creditable to his justice
Mahoinmed AH, they
the Sipahddr,
of the Sultan
;
The
unequal.
w horn we
though, as in the case of
necessarily bring in
question the prudence
m trusts,
knew them
men
see placing
to which he
to be
following letter will be found to breathe a very different spirit.
LETTER Khan
To MoHYUDDEEN Ali
Your
;
letter,
;
LVIII.
dated 28th
Behary.
(\\th June.')
on the subject of the revenue accounts of the
Huwaili/^^^
and Taalitk of Ali-Niigr (depending on Giiramcoondah) , has passed under our view, and of the said Taaldks
is
You must examine
duly understood.
in the strictest
to the realization of the
the accounts
manner, and apply yourself diligently
On
revenue.
without favour or partiality to any,
all
you must
this occasion,
such persons
as,
By
practice of ingratitude, have defrauded the Sircar.
flog,
adopting the
this
means,
let
the payment of our dues be enforced.
N.B. The
rest
of this letter
is
omitted as immaterial.
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
Your
letter
placed the in the
;
dated 29th BehJIry.
has been received.
We
(\.2th
Ali,
with Biirhiinuddeen
room of which you must take Shaikh Unscr [and his
men
June^
highly approve of your having
Kushoon of the Sipahddr, Mahommed
commander and
You
Khan
LIX.
his corps]
;
:
that
being intelligent and well instructed.
should open a ncgociation with the garrison of Nergdnd, througli
the Kilaaddr of
Bdddmj/,
or the
Kdzy
of
Tdrkul, or through any other
(1)
which
The is
Iluwailj/
is
always included
the principal division of a Sircar, or dislrict; the chief in
it.
town
of
SELECT LETTERS OP
80 otlwr channel
and endeavour, by some means or other,
;
to obtain speedy
possession of the fort.
OBSERVATIONS. The
Kum-
reader will recollect, that the measure, for the execution of which
ruddeeu
is
commended, did not
here
by the Sultan, and
a
originate with him, but
compliance with
it
evaded, in the
had been directed
first
instance,
by the
Meer. I
am
from the instructions here given to Kumruddeen
inclined to infer,
for
opening a negociation with the garrison of Nergund, that the Sultan sometimes addressed his orders to one, and sometimes to another of the two commanders
employed against that orders to each other.
place, It
and that they were in the habit of communicating such
would be
difficult,
indeed, on any other supposition, to
account for such an order as the present one being apparently addressed to
deen exclusively
since there can be very
;
lead, at least, in all
command
with the general frontier.
It
not also in
of the
may have
doubt that Burhaniiddeen took the military movements, connected
all
army now advanced towards the Mahrattah
on the other hand,
is,
under consideration
no entry,
political, if
little
Kumrud-
possible, that
similar instructions
to
those
been addressed directly to Burhanuddeen, although
to that effect, appears in the correspondence.
LETTER LX. 2b Burhanuddeen; dated 2d Jaafvry
Your
letter,
make up some
containing an application for
clothes, has been received.
(\6thJune.^
money
You may
rupees from the Tosheh-khd7iek,^^^ and apply that
to
enable you to
take three hundred
sum
to the purposes of
furnishing yourself with apparel.
Muster (1)
For an explanation of
this
term, see the observations on this
letter.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
81
Muster returns of the wliole of the troops under your command, regular infantry,
wlictlier cavah-y,
or other description,
as well as a
statement of [your] receipts and disbursements, must be sent to us.
A month
has elapsed since Kumruddeen's
close to the fort
but you have
;
advanced so far from your
ijot
although you commenced your approaches so Tliis is
what we do not understand.
more expeditious
the
in
were established
batteries
It
is
much
side,
sooner than he did.
necessary, that you should be
prosecution of this business
;
and
by
that,
properly battering the walls of the place, you should effect such a plain
and practicable breach, as may enable you In this
affair
you must be brisk and
storm
to
it
with success.
active.
OBSERVATIONS. Parsimony, or perhaps, more expenditure,,
strictly speaking,
was always known
Tippoo SuUan
;
to
a rigid
economy
in his
be a prominent feature in the character of
and we have here a curious and striking proof of the
and
of his jirincipal generals,
his
general
brother-in-law,
is
fact.
obliged to apply to
the means of providing himself with wearing apparel
One
him
for
and the Sultan, although
;
t
he complies with the request, the discretion specific
of
ft
is
so far from
of Burhanuddeen, that he
leaving
restricts
any thing on the occasion
him
to the
to
disbursement of a
sum, in fixing of which he certainly has displayed none of the munificence
sovereign prince.
The
Tosheh-hhiineh
is
distinguished
by Tippoo himself
one of the
(in
the present collection) into two kinds, viz. the NukJi/ and Jam/.
The
letters
of
former
I
take to have been the Treasury, properly so called, or office in which the current specie,
and, perhaps, bullion were deposited.
comprehended
a great variety of articles besides the
the term Tosheh-hhihich
Hlndoatan. the
The
is,
I
Where this word
latter
would appear
wardrobe
;
to
have
to which, however,
believe, usually restrained in the nortliern parts of
occurs by itself (that
viorA^NuMy or JUmy, which
is
is,
in general the case)
M
without it is
its
being joined to
not easy to determine its
SELECT LETTERS OF
82 its
In some places, as in the present
precise sense.
treasury in
strictest
its
sense
;
;
but
I
am
in
it
wardrobe
others, the
The Jbm/,
general storehouse or magazine.
ordnance and ordnance stores
in
letter,
some
;
appears to signify the and, occasionally, a
parts of Hindostan, includes
unable to say, whether the term was,
on any occasion, applied in the same manner by Tippoo Sultan. It
would be a
difficult
how
matter to judge,
far the
censure here passed on the
conduct of Burhaniiddeen before Nevgdnd, was justly merited, fuller
It
of
without a
much
knowledge of the circumstances and operations of the siege than we possess.
may
be presumed, however, that
the Sultan
was formed
;
it
and
was upon such a knowledge that the judgment that, consequently,
by Burhanuddeen on
remissness manifested
LETTER To
The
the
there was actually some
this occasion.
LXI. (\^th June^
same ; dated2d Jaafury.
Piddelis from the [adjacent] Taahiks of the Sircar, [at present]
stationed with your army, are distressed for
of subsistence
;
their difficulties,
we
therefore write to desire,
you
will
want of [the usual] means that,
In order to
make them a montldy allowance of
ten
remove
fanams
per man.
LETTER To Rajah
Your
letter,
Ram Chundur
same
date,
(lath June^
together with the Hindku/ enclosure, addicsscd to the
Aumil of Vencatigeery has heen ,
stated are
;
LXII.
received,
and the particulars therein
become known.
Write to the aforesaid Aumil, that he must address Baboo Rao, the renter of Vellore, to this effect, viz. " that
it
is
not the custom of the
" Taaldksy
TIPPOOSULTAN.
83
"
Taaliths belonging to our Sircar to allow the residence of robbers
*'
therein
"
;
and
upon the discovery of any such, they are imiuc-
that,
What more
diately put to death."
?
OBSERVATIONS. The Hlndivy
here
enclosure,
Vellore (in the Carnatic), requiring in the this
Vencatigeery
demand
is
district,
was probably from the renter
referred to,
some robbers,
a sufficient proof of the
maintain an amicable, or even
civil,
little
sujiposed to have taken refuge
The answer
to be delivered up.
of
disposition
intercourse with
tlie
ordered to be sent to
which the Sultan had existing
to
government of the
Carnatic.
LETTER 2o Chishty
Yar Khan
Your letter has What you write, Ushruf, the
j'^'^
LXIII.
dated 5ih Jaafvry.
been received, and respecting the
Darogha
its
contents are duly understood.
rigorous
proceeding of
in sending five
of Gooti/,
(I8th June.')
Mahommed
horsemen
payment of the third instalment of the revenue of your
to enforce district,
is
revealed.
Esteeming you to be
intelligent in business,
a well-wisher of our government,
chaige tions to
and we confidently
;
we appointed you
trust, that
you
its
revenue
;
your utmost exer-
and [especially] that you
M This
is
the
same person
to
whom
Letter
lately
put upon the
iutter.
will,
according
2 LIV
to is
addressed
the mortiiiciuion of having a Siizd-xiil placed over liim by
he had
will use
to your present
promote the interest of the Sircar, the prosperity of your Taalilk,
and the Increase of
(1)
a person of integrity, and
See Letter LIV.
;
and who, perliaps, owed
Mahommed
Ushruf, to the
ali'ront
SELECT LETTERS OF
Si
to your written engagement, discharge
the period of a month, paying the persuasion,
this
we
will accordingly
whole of the third A7^^ within
amount thereof into our
treasury.
In
transmit you a Purivdneh, to the address of the
aforesaid*-^ \_Darogha'], directing
you
tlie
him
to
forward to him.
withdraw
You
which
his horsemen,
must,
the
at
same time,
labour most diligently in the improvement of your laaliik, and in the
and augmentation of
collection
its
revenues.
LETTER LXIV. To MoHYUDDEEN Ali Khan, Detp'Jn of dated 6th Jaafvry.
What you
have stated to
to [the garrison of]
KuRPAH
We desire
action
us, respecting the
pay of four men belonging
Guramcoondah, who have been some time dead,
you
have been
officers
of that place,
is
will enquire very particularly into this trans-
and having ascertained the
;
an Extract;
(\9th *TuneJ)
having been appropriated to their own use by the revealed.
:
time that the aforesaid
in possession [or receipt] of this
officers
money, make them refund
the same.
OBSERVATIOXS. I
am
not clear, whether
Jindreceive the
it
be here meant that the
pay of the deceased men
continued to draw
officers
after their death, or that
they had only possessed
(2)
This
P«?ttv/;if A accordingly appears, but I
hare not thought
it
necessary to translate
sufficient to mention, that alter bearing testimony to the (jualifications of Chishty
it.
It is
Yar
Kiian, as an officer of revenue, the Sultan observes, that
if
the Taalukddr in question
should not discharge the A'w/ due at the stipulated time (which, on this occasion, he states at a
month and a
half, tliough, in the letter to Chisht}'
there will be do impropiiety in
Yar Khan,
it
is
said to be a
monthj,
placing Suzdwuh over him, to enforce payment of the same.
9PIPPOO SULTAN;( possessed themselves of the pay due to notice taken of the offence
them
85 In either
at their decease.
by the Sultan appears extremely
case, the
slight.
LETTER LXV. To
Mahommed Ushruf, DeivAn of ^th Jaafury.
Directing
the
name of Fyze
the
Kuchurry of Gooty;
dated
(2Qth Jiine.^ Hisiir to be substituted for that of
Gooty. Similar orders were issued, under the same date, directing Bidhdn-y to be in future called
Sumrputn, and Chittledoorg to be named Furkhydb
Hmlr.
OBSERVATIONS. Some
of the letters in this collection, instead of being complete transcripts of
those dispatched, are only, as
memorandums distinguished
by beginning always with the words
present letter
"
is
the
in every future case of the
quoted, in the same
word "
were, notes of the originals.
These heads, or
of dispatches, are titled and dated like the entire entries, but are
" on the subject of
The
it
way
or
wUjj
that
is
to say,
followed by a brief abstract of the subject. first
of this description that has occurred.
I
propose,
kind in question, to render the introductory words just I
have done on the present occasion, namely, by the
directing," or other suitable participle
this portion of the
^-•lJJJ
;
which
will sufficiently distinguish
correspondence from the more complete part.
86
SELECT LETTERS OP
LETTER LXVI. 7b IMahommed Ghyasj dated Seringapatam, 5th Jaafury. (I8th Ju7ie.} If
tlieyC)
should allow
must dispatch him self
Noor Maliommed Khan
to depart, then
and practising procrastination, you
hither,
you
your-
will
remain behind for some time, writing us occasionally the news [of
that quarter].
Khdn
In the event, however, of their not giving the aforesaid
audience of leave, you must both of you continue there
his
contrive, by one
means or another,
amuse them
to
and to deceive them by speeches, calculated to [or to
work upon
;
and
for a certain time,
flatter their selfish views^-^
their avariciousncss].
OBSERVATIONS. The
real situation of these
So long,
envoys at Poonah, as well as their continuance there
enveloped in a good deal of obscurity.
is
At one time
it
that the Mahrattah government have objections to the departure of
med Khan
at another,
;
both envoys.
The Sultans
equally inexplicable
The
pondence. is.
that
if
Nana Furnaveese
;
and
is
is
intimated,
Noor Mabom-
seen to hint an intention of dismissing
wishes and intentions respecting them are, at
will
appear
still
more
we
so, as
least,
proceed in the corres-
only conclusion to be distinctly drawn from the present dispatch
the agents remained at Poonah,
it
was to be with no other objects than
those of transmitting intelligence, and of amusing and deceiving the Mahrattah
government.
This
is
clearly
and
explicitly expressed
;
and abundantly proves,
that he thought of nothing less, at this time, than of affording
any
satisfaction
whatsoever (I)
[1)
/.
e.
the government of Poonah.
Original
jj^^ J;^
T
I
views,"
selfish
it
U L T A N.
S
8/
Whether by " speeches
whatsoever to that government.
"
Pr OO
was meant, that
tiie
calculated to flatter their
envoys should hold out the temptation of
bribes to the Mahrattah ministers, or only that they should continue to profess his
readiness to discharge the arrears of Paishcush due
by no means
money
so,
that the Sultan
had no
by him,
doubtful
is
;
but
it is
serious intention of parting with his
for either purpose.
LETTER ^b
Some
Mahommed Ghous
;
LXVII. same
(I8th tTune.}
date.
Jaml form
time since, a Distich, according to the
or
rule,('>
was
conununlcated to you, and has, no doubt, been comprehended by you.
A scroll,
exhibiting the details of that rule, and which will
completely acquainted with the subject, yourself
to be admitted to a
is
is
now
knowledge of
Nobody
enclosed.
it
make you besides
and when you have any
;
thing of a particular or secret nature to communicate, you must write in this cypher.
N. B. At the end of the foregoing
letter a
the Distich referred to in the beginning of
been transmitted on a former occasion. I
of
omit the Distich, because
I
am,
Of
Distich it,
is
added, which
take to be
though that would seem to have
the scroll spoken
at present,
I
unable to
nothing appears.
of,
make out
the meaniu"-
it.
OBSERVATIONS. The that
title
Ghous
of this letter assigns is
an error of
my
it
to
Mahommed Ghous
transcriber, for
Ghyds.
:
but
If not,
I I
incline to think
am
unable to say
who Juml
the aritlimctical rule of addition, upon the principle of which the (1) cyjjher in question (wliich I do not at present comprehend) may possibly have been founded. is
SELECT LETTERS OF
88
who Mahommed Ghous
was, or what diplomatic situation he
filled
;
for such, it
is
reasonable to suppose, must have been his employment, from the injunction given
him
to write occasionally in cypher.
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
Your
letter,
Khan
dated 6th Jjafvry.
;
(\Oth June.")
advising us of your having detached a JRisula to Kuti'-
and we approve of what you have done.
nek-geeri/, has been received,
We
LXVIII.
desire [however] that
you have sent [on
you
will
particularly state,
this service], as well as
consists of.
Your
Mohyuddeen
Ali
what number of cavalry
the Deivdn of Knrpah.
of the
batteries close to the Avails
breached the same, you
will,
with the concurrence of the Sipahddrs and It will
be
however, to endeavour, to the utmost of your power, to gain
possession of rison.
and well
fort,
other commanders with you, assault and reduce the place. better,
it
are to send the pay ahstracts(') of this cavalry to
Khan,
Having erected
whose Risdla
It
it
by maimgement,^-^ and by striking an awe into the gar-
must be stormed only
in case of absolute necessity.
OBSERVATIONS. The kind
of management here
recommended
fully appear in subsequent letters.
to
Kumruddeen Khdn
It consisted in the
cipled art that might tend to circumvent the garrison,
will
more
practice of every un])rin-
and induce them
to
submit
to terms.
(1)
la the original
^jlX^
Tusdeek,
I
am
not certain
tliat I
have rendered the term
rightly. (2) In the original
circumvention,
&(c.
I4*
c>»«^
Ilikmui-iumlj/y which signifies, finesse, trick, stratagem,
TIPPOOSULTAN.
89
LETTER LXIX. To
the
Your
same
letter
dated Serixg^pai'^m, Sth Jaafvry.
;
has passed under our view, and
its
(2\st June.^
contents are duly
understood.
We the
notice
t/i/she,'-^^
what you in
state,
among
respecting the mortality prevailing
consequence of the unhealthiness^-) of your position, and
approve of your having dispatched the commanders of companies^^) into the adjacent districts, in search of recruits to
have occurred].
You
fill
up the vacancies [which
must, furthermore, order additional
own Kushoon,
purpose of completing your
for the
levies,
you to
as well as to enable
send a supply to the Presence.
There are physicians attached
to
your
Kmhoon
:
enjoined to attend diligently to the care of your sick.
let
them be
The
strictly
officers,
also,
of the said Kushoon, must be peremptorily directed to prevent desertion
among
their
The
men.
horses and cattle belonging to your baggage
should be dispatched to some place abounding in forage, and the R'lsdladdrs,
having charge of them, must be instructed accordingly.
Agreeably to our former directions, besieged, allowing
them
Kala Pundit, with must
a capitulation be granted to the
to depart with their
his family
also be induced,
let
arms and accoutrements.
and kindred, and the principal bankers,
by engagements,
'^^^
to descend from the fort,
upon
doing which they are to be placed under a guard, and ten lacks of pa-
godas
to be
demanded of them,
for the ravages
committed
in
our
N (1)
Or
that part of the
(2) Ori<;inal (3)
army composed
lybj c_>l i_jLi-l
"
Original ^^^Li.^ Sur-kheeldn
Original Jyi A'oa7.
tories,
of irregular infantry.
hadncss of the air and water."
gulars appears to have been called a (4)
terri-
;
literally
K/ud,
the
while a
heads of
company
tribes,
A company
of irre-
of regulars was called a Jowk.
SELECT LETTERS OP
90
If they pay this sum,
tories.
it
will
be well
In short, you are, by
kept in confinement.
otherwise they must be
;
finesse, to get the aforesaid
Pandit^ together with his kindred and the bankers, out of the
fort,
and
then to secure their persons.
[A few
lines,
containing other directions of no consequence, are here
omitted.]
When ditch
is
your batteries are erected close to the walls of the completely
you
filled,
will,
if
the Sipcihddrs, advance to the assault proper, inasmuch as this
N.B.
A
letter, of
is
a hill-fort
:
fort,
and the
the measure be approved of by
otherwise the attempt will not be qffxiirS^)
the same tenor and date, but
was dispatched
less in detail,
to Biirhanuddeen.
LETTER LXX. To
the same; dated 10th
We have received
your
letter,
Jaafury.
(23c? J'une.')
acknowledging the receipt of twenty-one
thousand pagodas ; and representing that, so far from that sum sufficing for the
payment of
all
your troops,
of the regular infantry.
cumstance,
It is
we some time
it is
inadequate even to the payment
understood.
since wrote to you,
Adverting to desiring
this very cir-
you
to transmit to
us a full and distinct statement of the monthly disbursements of the
troops under your
command,
necessary remittances.
We
complying with which we supply you with
troops,
which
telligible to
I
repeat those
might make you the directions
Jbj^ a^Jj
;
upon your
take your report into consideration, and as
may appear
requisite to us].
another short passage, respecting the pay of the
suspect to have been miscopied, but which
me.
(5) Original
now
money [according
follows here
N.B. There
will
in order that Ave
is,
at
any
rate,
unin-
TirPOOSULTAN,
91
LETTER LXXI. 2o the Badshah
Upon
dated \Qth Jaafvry,
;('>
the summit
The
honour.
of
which your Majesty,
virtue],
special
in
gifts
glorified
wealth of distinction and pre-eminence. [I]
favour,
Rao Bal Mukn Doss,
most auspicious conjuncture, and put [me]
magnificent donation,
head touched
of ennol)ling* quality [or
your boundless
bestowed [on nic], by the hands of in the
[my]
receipt of the Imperial Miindate,
(23d June.^
graciously also arrived
in possession
of the
In acknowledgment of this
respectfully offer
[my] most humble
obei-
sance.
This stedfast believer, with a view to the support of the firm religion
Mahommed, undertook [some
of
Nazarcne them,
tribe
solicited
time since] the chastisement of the
who, unable to maintain the war [I] waged against
;
peace [of me] in the most abject manner.
notorious a fact, as not to require to be enlarged on. aid
and blessing of God,
about the
it is
now
With
This
is
so
the divine
again [my] steady determination to set
total extirpation and;destruction
of the enemies of the
faith.
In token of [my] sincere attachment [or devotion] to your Majesty, [I] send, by
ivaij
of Nuzr, a hundred and twenty-one gold Mo/us to
your resplendent Presence
let
:
[your Majesty's] acceptance. continue to be honoured
ennobling commands.
them be [or may they be] honoured by [I]
am humbly
and distinguished by the
More would exceed
N (1)
That
ciitiilcd
is,
an "
hopeful, that [I] receipt
i, c.
your
the bounds of respect.
2
the reigning emperor, or sovereign, of Dehli, Shall Alluni. Urzdds/ii,"
of
may
a petition, memorial, or humble address.
Tliis letter
is
92
SELECT LETTERS OF
OBSERVATIONS. Notwithstanding the apparent the
first
humihty, which
air of
paragraph^ in particular, of the foregoing
may be
letter,
nevertheless remark-
it is
ably deficient in the forms of respect, invariably observed in
Emperor
acknowledging him as
is
any
The
as their sovereign.
from
fallen
The
Shah Allum.
respect) of
and unsuitable to the occasion
Nuzr
as will
itself,
addresses to the
high estate
")
from those
writer here does not once stjde himself,
;
but
and
a strong
is
still less
visible
acknowledgment of the imperial authority.
similar occasions
;
such
as,
"
This
this stedfast believer" in
There can be no doubt, paragraph, the English
Mangalore, concluded
are
in
that
it
meant
;
" destroying" long before
or about fifteen
Here, then, "
it
It
is
respect appropriate to
The it
is
nominative, in fact,
not " this devoted
the second
in to
is
that of
months previously
we have an
to the
indisputable
of the Sultan, as early, at least
to seize the first favourable occasion of us.
in the
which would have reduced him
and tha* the peace alluded
March 1^84,
shown
Mahommed,
was " the steady determination
June 1783,
especially
by the Nazarenes, mentioned
date of the letter under consideration. proof, that
more
is
and then
;
is
repugnance to any direct or express
slave," or the like.
this
is
and affronting than
In short, the address
some of the ordinary terms of
occurs but once in the course of the letter
" servant," but "
ofi'ensive
letter.
studied omission of the nominative case, the use of to the necessity of employing
Nuzr
very manner in which he offers his
be seen by the following
marked throughout with
as
his
all
customary, " the slave," " the devoted servant," or even " the dejiendent" (in
lofty,
the
"
of Hindostan (even though
thought to pervade
" utterly extirpating and
highly probable, however, that this resolution was taken
was announced
to
Shah Allum, and,
in short, that
it
was coeval
with the very treaty by which he bound himself to maintain the relations of amity with us. to
Europe
Unfortunately, his instructions to the (via
Const anthwple) and which
I
first
embassy which he dispatched
conceive to be that alluded to in
Letter VII, have not been preserved, or, at least discovered
abundant reason
to suppose, that this
;
document would have
otherwise, there
is
fully showTi, that a
vigorous
TIPPOOSULTAN.
93
vigorous prosecution of the war against us, was an object which never ceased to
occupy his chief attention, from the moment of his accession Subsequent events, indeed, compelled him to suspend, abandon,
his hostile
purposes
In his
sufficient
is
ground
subject, in his occasional
more
to
ever taken any
certainly did not
concluding, that he was not
for
reserved
:
and
on the
communications to other foreign or independent powers,
than tothe Emperor of Dehli.
It
not unlikely, indeed, that he wrote with
is
freedom than he spohe of his intentions, or than he authorized his diplomatic
less
Oral declarations could be easily disclaimed, and would
agents to speak of them.
be
own Durhdr he
Musnud.
some time, but not
nor would he seem to have
;
particular pains to conceal them.
there
for
to the
difficult to
prove
lead to premature distinctly
;
while written ones, unless very cautiously expressed, might
Accordingly he has not,
discovery.
and explicitly
stated, that the
doubt on the subject.
communicated
to the
however,
Still,
the present letter,
English were " the enemies of the faith,"
he was determined " to extirpate
whom
in
;"
if
British government,
although few persons will entertain any the letter had
been intercepted, or
and he had been questioned regarding
it,
he might have pretended that he meant the Koorgs, or Nairs, or Mahrattahs
all
of
••'
whom
being
enemies of the
infidels, as well as
faith."
It is
the English, might be equally considered as
not to be denied, that the Sultaji,
kept up a cold and formal intercourse, by India
but there can be
;
submitted with reluctance
this while,
with the British government in
question that this was a constraint, to which he
little ;
letter,
all
and only because he could not have waved such a
correspondence, without manifesting, thereb)', to that government
itself,
and in
a manner more direct and explicit than he was yet prepared to do, the hostile spirit
by which he was actuated towards
deem
it
necessary, or
fine,
though he either did not
was unable, from the violence of
his hatred, to conceal his
designs against us from his
and
states
with
whom
he was absolutely
own
he was
:
in correspondence, still
till
it is
indifferent to our being apprized of surprise, than have
he, therefore, continued to
towards us,
In
dependents, or from some of the foreign princes
would rather have taken us by
him
it.
weary of waiting
not to be supposed, that
them
;
since,
no doubt, he
found us prepared to
resist
maintain an outward show of distant civility for
the assistance he had been ltd to expect
from
94
SELECT LETTERS OP
from the French, and no longer animated him against
on our
ally,
us,
he
able, perhaps,
length gave
at
full
But with
intolerable
;
vent to
it
;
which
and by an open attack
the lidjah of Travancore, plunged into that war from which he had
hitherto abstained, only because he hoped,
advantage.
to restrain the rancour
his
impetuous
by
delay, to prosecute
feelings, delay,
beyond
to greater
it
a certain point,
was
and, therefore, yielding to those feelings, he willingly incurred the
hazards of a contest, to which, though standing alone, he doubtlessly thought himself
more equal than the event proved him
The
to be.
only remaining observation, suggested by the foregoing
the professed object of the
English
for
;
" view
name
the war alluded to in the second paragraph must, of course, have
" ment
or security of
infidels
besides
tlie
Thus,
English, that intelligent tion,
" holy
is
'•
it
religion."
may
serve as a clue
Nazarenes
in
we
but the time and occasion of
;
always
will venture to say,
sufficiently
indicate
it
would be
hesitate, for
an
its
who
the context so plainly
the present case,
Mussulman, who would
may
no doubt, of being applied
to other
use,
are
points
difficult to find a
to say
actually at
the
candid and
instant, to declare his convic-
were alluded to in the passage in question.
be farther remarked, in confirmation of this opinion, that the
extirpation " of the Mahrattahs would never
the contemplation of the Sultan
;
whose hatred
than that which he bore to the English the same fear or jealousy. fort or district, or the all
This
" with a
wars," of " wars entered into for the advance-
susceptible,
that they, and they alone,
Indeed,
said to have been undertaken
Mahommedan
nothing of other circumstances, intended.
thought proper to
Islam" and of " the extirpation of the enemies of the
This language
faith."
is
this occasion, has
however covert, meaning of Mahommedans, and particularly bigotted
ones, whenever they talk of
"
This war
of his father.
to the support of the
to the real,
to
war waged by Hyder Ali Khan against the
last
been that of 178O, though the Sultan, on sink the
letter, relates
;
seem
to
have been an object in
to that nation
was
far less virulent
nor was their jwwer viewed by him with
In his disputes with them, the acquisition of some
relinquishment of some pecuniary demand, was probably
that he at any time contended for.
TIPrOOSULTAN.
LETTER To MuNZOOR
Having and
virtues
Am Khan
heard, from
;(')
95
LXXir. (23d
same Date.
Rao Bal Mukn Doss,
of the
June.')
many
excellencies
which distinguish your character, the information has been
A
productive of the greatest satisfiiction to me.
containing an
bag,^^^
Urz-ddshf P^ nddressed to the resplendent Presence, and accompained by a Nuzi-^^^
of a
patched
;
same
and
hundred and twenty-one I trust to
gold Mo/irs,
herewith dis-
is
your friendship and kindness, for presenting the
to his Majesty's blessed notice.
Many Mussulmans
are in the habit of carrying about their persons (in
pockets and the like) for their convenience [or to answer occasional calls]
gold
Mohrs and Rupees.
But, inasmuch as the gold and
silver coins,
stamped with the names of the rulers of the age, contravene the prescriptions of our liturgy, I have, on this account, devised
and coined,
and caused to be circulated, a new and superior kind of gold
which the names of God, of the Holy Prophet,
is
my Nuzr
to his Majesty
composed
;
and
in
and of the august
Of
Prince of Sanctity and of Sages, (^^ are introduced.
Mohr ;
this
new coinage
have likewise sent, in
I
token of friendship, twenty-five of the same sort of gold
Mohrs
for
your
acceptance.
Considering (1)
Munzoor
Ali Kli^n was the chief of the eunuchs at the court of Dehli, and at this
period the princi[)al confidential servant of Shah Alium.
He
was,
in fact,
the minister of
tlic
day. (2) Letters to
The
persons of any distinction arc usually enclosed
materials with which these bags are
made
addressed. (3)
An
(4)
A
(5)
Meaning AIL
Urz, or humble address
;
in baj^s,
called Khureela,
arc regulated by the rank of the persoa
a petition.
present, or offering, from an inferior to a superior.
96
SELECT LETTERS OE Considering
occasionally will
me
to be always anxious to hear of
make me happy by your
be made known to you, by the
For the
Doss.
rest,
may
your welfare, you must
Other particulars
friendly letters.
letter addressed to
you by Bal
Mukn
content and gladness attend you.
OBSERVATIONS. Though
the various pseudo-sovereigns,
memberment
of the
Mogul Empire,
off the authority of the Court of
continued
to
dependence
;
observe
towards
in different parts of
Dehli
the dissolution or dis-
Hindostan, soon threw
in all material points, they, nevertheless,
some of the external forms of homage and
such as styling themselves, in their addresses to the reigning repre-
sentative of the house of
presenting
it
who sprung up on
him on
Timur, "
certain
festivals,
his
slave" or
faithful
" devoted subject;"
and on other occasions, with the Nuzrs
appropriate to royalty, and soliciting or accepting
titles
But
of honour from him.
the chief symbol, or vestige, of the nominal power, thus conceded to him, consisted in the general practice
which had obtained among these upstart
rulers, of
continuing to stamp the current coins of their respective territories with the usual
legend of the imperial coinage; by which means the Emperor, for the time being,
became every where name,
at
least,
Of
general.
ostensibly recognized as the legitimate sovereign
and
his
rescued from oblivion, and even rendered familiar to the people in
this
empty honour, Tippoo Sullan was,
indeed, the only one'^' of these self-created princes,
Not
;
content, however, with putting this affront
the temerity to aggravate
it
in the highest degree,
consisting of a coin, from the inscription on
I
believe, the
who thought
fit
first,
and,
to divest
him.
upon the aged monarch, he had by sending the
which the name and
latter a titles
Nuzr,
of Shah
Allum do not (with Captain Moor) consider the Abdalli, or King of Cdbid, as forming an exception, that country having been formally ceded by the Emperor, Mahommed Shah, to the Persians, from whom it was wrested by Ahmed Shall Abdalli, otherwise called (6)
For
Durdni/.
I
TIPPOO SULTAN. AUum
were entirely excluded.
was
this innovation,
it
was not submitted to
Never having seen on
this occasion,
I
court to
and it:
calculated to
little
accordingly, as will hereafter be seen,
a gold
Mohr, of the
specific coinage
am, of course, not enabled to say
professed to regulate
but was
frivolous,
The
it.
to
it,
to
employed by the Sultan
what degree he adhered,
the sanctimonious principle
by which he
gold Mohr, of which a representation
Captain Moor, in his Narrative of
Little's
is
no doubt, might have made some
the Sultan,
interval,
given by
Campaign,"^ happens to be of the year
Zubrjudy'^ or six years posterior to the date of the two preceding letters this
to justify
in silence.
impressed upon
in the legend
The argument, by which he attempted
sufficiently curious
Mahommedan
reconcile, even a
9/
and in
;
alteration in the
inscription.
There
however, in the publication just referred
is,
Rupee, struck
in the
Nuzr
;
to Delili
which the
and
same year (namely Julio) it
latter consisted, differed
it
far
pose
one side
it
which Tippoo dispatched
little,
or perhaps nothing, from that
Assuming
this for the fact,
let
which
us exa-
is
in the foregoing letter.
the following legend, written here in the order in which
I
sup-
intended to be read:
which may be
"
is
"
\i. e.
translated,
" the
religion, or faith, of
Ahmed
[i, e.
rendered luminous on earth by the victories of Hyder."" Seringapatam'] in the year
Jullo^^"''
of
Mahommed]
Struck at Putn
[or] H'lgera 11 99."
O (7)
Vide
(S)
Captain
fig. 4,
plate I,
Moor
responding
witli
A.
Or, " derives
not being iK-qiiaintcd witli the Sultan's Kalcnclar, was not aware that
I). its
xiz. the forty-fifth
year of
tiie
of the Mi/sore Cjdc, and cor-
1791. [present] lustre on eartli from the victories of
(10) Julio (whicii, like Zubrjud, was not understood tlic ;i9th
Here
page 465.
Zubrjud was the name of a particular year,
(y)
his
the inscription in question corresponds with the description given of
by the Sultan,
On
the figure of a double
probable that the inscription on the gold Mohrs, of
is
appears on the Rupee of the same year.
mine how
in
to,
Mjjsorc
Ci/clc,
Hyder."
by the author of the Narrative) was
and coincides with A. D. 1785.
SELECT LETTEKS
98
Here Hyder, though ostensibly standing or titles
it
own
of his
was, in
was)
father
all
for the Caliph
is,
by
AH
(one of whose names
by the Sultan
probability, intended
whose name
;
OJf
to suggest the idea
this contrivance, introduced into the legend,
without any direct or open deviation from the rule proposed to be followed.
In
like
manner, the word Futak, though apparently conveying no other meaning
than
its
usual and obvious one, viz. victory,
shadow out
to
either his
own
far,
his
name, or that of
original
different purpose, has he ingeniously
one of
be safely supposed as designed his paternal grandfather,
Here, then, in two words, seemingly employed for a
Futah Ali Khan.
viz.
may
own names, but
managed
to impress his coin, not only with
with those of his father and grandfather
also
;
and so
without any verbal breach of the law he had imposed upon himself.
We will now enquire, coin under consideration
The
leg-end
is
how he
has succeeded in the exergue, or reverse, of the
?
as follows
:
r (_^wjji»- i-!_ji=-
That
is,
"
He
[i. e.
jL)
God]
t^j^^
is
Aj^
j-^w^ -v*-^^
^,yj\ jA
the only Sultan [or Lord] and dispenser of justice-
" 3d [of the month] Behdry, year Julio, and third of the It is
very remarkable, that the
first
word
reign."
in this inscription
quently, that which immediately precedes the
word Sultan,
is
(or
.>)
and, conse-
so impressed, as to
be susceptible, without any extraordinary licence or exercise of the fancy, of being read Tippoo.
For the
tail,
or lower part of the ^ does not appear in
its
usual
form, but assumes something like the figure of a crescent, and might, therefore,
be very
easily taken for
Omitting, then, the will be exactly the
an ornament, instead of a component part of a character.
were nothing bat a flourish) the
tail (as if it
same
as if
it
rest of the
word
were the proper name Tippoo, written without
the diacritical points, the omission of which, though certainly unusual in coins,
common enough on
other occasions.
Supposing
this,
is
therefore, to have been the
Sultan's design, the sense would be, " Tippoo, the only Sultan, the just."
On (of
the whole, then,
it
may be
observed, that with the help of a few equivoques
which he seems, on many occasions,
while
fullilling his
to
have been very fond) he has contrived,
promise of inserting in his coin none but the names of God, of the
TIPPOO SULTAN. the Prophet, and of AH, to impress
with the names of
The that
it
was struck on the anniversary of
10th of
months subsequent
May
to the
would not be easy
so,
rulers of the age."
we have been
date on the reverse of the rupee which
calculate, to the
It
without actually appearing to do
also,
his Jdloos, or
on the 3d of Behdry of the year Suhh
place
five
" two
at least
it
99
1783
enthronement, which took
corresponding, as nearly as
,•'"'
and being,
;
considering, shows
therefore,
I
can
somewhat more than
death of Hyder/'-'
to assign
any consistent or
of the Sultan, with respect to the court of Dehli.
If
he thought
promoting any of the objects of his ambition, and was, on of cultivating a good understanding with
it,
it
conduct
rational motive for the
is
it
capable of
this account, desirous
rather extraordinary, that he
should have adopted the measure of rendering such a Niizr to the Emperor, as a very
might have
little reflection
satisfied
him, was but
ill
calculated to conciliate
on the other hand, he neither expected
the favour of that court towards him.
If,
nor desired any thing from
equally strange, that he should have put
it
it,
is
himself to any trouble or expence, in maintaining an intercouse with
mere news of the place could prove very
little
(that, too, transmitted to
interesting,
and
still less,
him only
The
it.
at distant intervals)
useful to liim.
02 (11) Sec the Introduclion.
Tippoo's gold
^/t)/ir
This
is
given by Captain
the
was
inis|)lacing of the diacritical points,
word occurring
Moor;
(fig.
led to read
in
the reverse of the impression of
plate I.) but wiiich he,
4.
its
back to the 10th or
Tippoo,
in his
1
1783
;
1th of April.
Memoirs,
months: so
have not the means
iliai,
if
March
and, consequently, the 3d of Bchdri) would be thrown
What
leads
me
fixes the death of his father
to prefer the 10th of
on the 3d of Zdkirij.
Mohurrcm, A. H. 1147) liyder died in December 1782,
3d of Zdktrij (corresponding to the exactly five
I
coninK'nccinent would coincide \vith the 10th or 11th of
(instead of the 9th of April)
to the
Sunh.
(12) If Sukh, however, should have been a leap year (a doubt that
of clearing up) then
owing
1st
of his son must have taken place in Ma}-, and not in April.
to the it
May
Now
is,
that
from the
3d of Behdri/,
is
follows that the /«/o05
100
SELECT LETTERS OF
LETTER To
MoAL Chund
Your
letter,
LXXIII.
and Sujan Rae^'^; same Date.
(23d i/une.y
with the newspapers which accompanied
has passed
it,
under our view, and the contents tliereof are understood.
A bag-,
enclosing an address [[from us] to the resplendent Presence,(->
together with a hundred and twenty-one gold
way
[designed]
in the
address of
Munzoor
Mohrs of a new
coinage,
of Nuzr, as Ukewise a separate bag, to the
Khan, and
Ali
same kind of gold
twenty-five of the
Mohrs, as a token of [our] friendship [for the said Khdii], are sent herewith.
up
For the greater
security,
the gold 3Iohrs have been sewed
You
in the gannents^^^ of the messengers.
arrival,
Mohrs from
take the gold
medium of Munzoor
Ali
therefore,
will,
their garments, and,
on their
through
the
Khan, present a hundred and twenty-one of
them, with our Zh-z-ddsht [or humble address], to his Majesty, delivering the remaining twenty-five to the aforesaid Khdn.
A
bill
of exchange for one thousand rupees
amount [when
the
you are
realized]
to
is
Out of
sent herewith.
take for yourselves
sixteen
months' arrears of wages, at thirty rupees per month, making four hundred and eighty rupees
;
and a twelvemonth's wages,
advance, being three hundred and sixty rupees
in
hundred and
forty rupees.
Eighteen
Hurkdrehs [or messengers, on this
sum, there
will
rttpees,
;
same
at the
rate,
or, together, eight
which are
to be paid to the
their arrival at Dehir\ being
remain one hundred and forty-two
added to
7-npees, •which
vou (
1
(2)
These persons were the Tippoo,
(3) Original
in
Su!(an''s
agents and news-writeis at
Delili.
several of his letters, has applied this phrase (^yj^jj-a*-)
Isai.^^
possibly
meant
for
\btij-
If not, I
can
make nothing
to himself.
of the word.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
the payment of the [regular] wages of our Hurkdrehs.
you
will apply to
Of
the two pair
Mhadajee, are to
The second
now
receive, the first ten, the other nine rupees per
pair,
named Kishnajee and Both
the ahove rate, for three to the end of
Rujuh
named Toliiram and
dispatched, one of them,
nine rupees per month. at
101
Suntajee, are to receive each
have received from us their wages,
sets
months
;
namelv, from the befrinniner of
Rumuzdn 1199 (A.H.),
While they continue with
you, they arc to be paid at the specified rate,
When
month of Shuvwdl.
month.
commencing from
the
they are dispatched, two months' wages are
to be advanced to each pair.
You must [from
time to time] faithfully and accurately communicate
[to us] the intelligence of that quarter.
You
wrote, that you had dispatched to us, by a pair of hired
two baskets
kdrehs, letter
pomegranates, W
of Hai-ddueh
The
from yourselves.
said
Hurkdrehs,
Hur-
together with
with
the
a
and
letter
baskets, have not [hitherto] arrived.
According
to
your desire, seventy-two rupees have been paid here to
Hurkdrehs dispatched by you.
the last pair of hired will
be communicated to you by
Rao Bal Mukn
Further particulars,
Doss.
OBSERVATIONS. These two agents would seem
unknown
to the Sultan
mendation of the Bal
;
by
Mukn
to have
whom
been natives of Hindostan, and personally
they were probably employed, on the recom-
Doss, mentioned in this and the preceding
letter.'"
This (4) Tiiis
brou|;ht,
is
the pomegranate without stones.
together with grapes,
apples,
and
It is
otiicr
not the produce of Hindostan, but tVuir,
IVoni
Culml
aiici
tlio
is
adjaeent
countries, by the horse nK-rchants. (5)
Various dispatches from
papers found at Seringapatam.
tiiese
two agents
to the Sultan
were contained among
tiie
SELECT LETTERS OF
102 This
letter furnishes
another instance of the minuteness to which the Sulfan was
accustomed to descend in situation, officers
would have
all
left
Another sovereign,
matters of disbursement.
in his
such details to one of his secretaries, or to the proper
But
of the department to which they naturally belonged.
a degree of confidence, which
either this
was
was foreign to the character of Tippoo to repose
it
in any of his servants, or he was ambitious of appearing to be equally attentive to
the most
can
it
well as to the most important affairs of his government
trivial, as
be denied, that a general impression, to
this
degree, to secure the fidelity and diligence of those
effect,
whom
would tend,
:
nor
some
in
he employed.
LETTER LXXIV. Khan
To KuMRUDDEEN
Your
;
has been received,
letter
and your account of the
of Burhaniiddeen being completed written before now, walls of the fort [finally]
;
(25th Jnne^
dated \2th Jaafvry.
is
We
undei'stood.
batteries
have repeatedly
desiring you to advance your batteries close to the
to destroy
these
effectually
to
;
fill
the ditch
;
and
with the concurrence and advice of the Slpahddrs, to proceed
Such being the
to the assault of the place.
you should
still
storming.
[We
destroyed,
and
wait,
and continually apply
repeat, however, once
the
ditch
is
filled,
case,
astonishing that
to us for fresh orders for
more]
you
it is
:
In case the walls are
must, with the advice
and
concurrence of the commanders with you, proceed to the assault and reduction of the place.
OBSERVATIONS. The
justice of the reproof contained in the preceding letter
questioned
:
for
though
it
is
certain, that the Sultan
may be
very fairly
had expressed considerable
impatience to obtain possession of Nergdnd, yet his orders, relative to the means
by
TIPPOO SULTAN. by wliich that object was and
distinct, as to leave
LIX
to
be pursued, could not be said to have been so explicit
no doubt of
and intentions
his real wishes
he directs a negociation to be opened with the garrison
the place, and about a week after (Letter getting possession of
time, " that
The
103
letter
it
it,
by what he
calls
LXVIII) he
for in Letter
;
for the surrender of
suggests the expediency
management, plainly saying,
at
of
the same
was not to be stormed, excepting in case of absolute necessity."
immediately following the
Thus
or explicit than the others.
Kumruddeen was
last
(or Letter
appears, that
it
more
desirous of receiving
it
LXIX)
is
not more decisive
was not without reason that
precise
and positive instructions
for
his guidance.
LETTER LXXV. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and Noor
Jaafury. If
tlie
repairing-
hitlier,
it
will
he well
;
dated \Ath
(2'^th June?)
of that place consent to
chiefs
you must both,
Mahommed Khan
:
and
after formally declaring
if
Noor Mahommed Khan's
they should dismiss you both,
them
to
be responsible for the
consequences,^') set out for our Presence.
LETTER LXXVI. To Shaikh Ahbied, son of
Mahommed Mukrum,
\5thJAAFVRY, and endorsed
Having
^'^
the
KorrL-NAMEH."^^*^
Merchant ; dated (28fh June.}
received a full account of you from the verbal report of
Meer
Mahommed (1) In (I *)
tlic oiiy;inul,
"
A KowUmimi'h
is
after fixing
all
blame upon them."
a written engagement, whereby the person executing
it
promises to
grant protcetion, or some particular favors or immunities, to the party receiving
means
also a capitulation.
it.
Kowl
SELECT LETTERS OF
104
Mahommed Mukrum,
we,
consequence,
in
write to desire,
utmost confidence of mind for our Presence,
imme-
out with
set
the
accompanied by your
and such other persons as may be disposed to come with you.
family,
On
that you will,
bounteous mandate,
receipt of this our
diately on
Mahommed
Riza/^^ as well as from the representation of
your arrival here, you
shall in all things experience
our care and
protection, agreeably to your wishes, and be appointed to the charge of
the mercantile concerns, &c/'> for a factory
;
A
proper place shall be assigned you
and such advances of money be made you,
requisite for enabling
as
you to carry on your trade [advantageously],
the profits of which shall rest with you for the term of two years
which time,
we promise
also,
on your merchandize. fear
Repair,
you an exemption from to our
therefore,
Mahommed Mukrum, and
of
letter
to grant
Presence,
be all
during
:
all
duties
without
All remaining particulars will be explained to you
or distrust.
by the
may
the verbal communications
of Meer Ali Riza.W
OBSERVATIONS. The encouragement abundantly
liberal,
here held out to Shaikh
and shows how much the Sultan had
a trade with those countries, of which he had at
Ahmed, seems
what place Shaikh
Ahmed was
it
no jealousy.
to have
been
at heart to
open
It does not
appear
a resident, or whether he accepted the offers
of the Sultan.
(2) Literally, (3)
I
am
concerns (4)
is
" by
the tongue of."
doubtful whether the charge, or superintendance, of the
meant
to
own commercial
be included.
Most probably the same person as the Mcer
beginning of the
5'i/a?j's
letter.
Mahommed
Rizu, mentioned in the
TIPPOO SULTAN
105
LETTER LXXVII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
You *'
;
" the besieged have
write, tliat
Jaafvry.
dcitcd \Gth
solicited
(2dth June.')
a capitulation, through
the ^lumii of Jidddmy, stipulating only for their lives and honour,0)
" but requiring the guarantee of the Mdgrycotah man," must be
this proposal, they
In answer to
that if they are willing to treat with
told,
the commandei's of our army, you are ready to grant them a capitulation, but that the
Mdgrycotah man, not being a servant [a
subject] of
©urs, his agency in the affair cannot be admitted.
We
formerly issued orders for your dispatching your cavalry to graze
we now
[or forage], and strict
repeat those orders.
We
also direct, that
injunctions be given to the baggage department, for sending all
the lean
Tatoos,^'^\ bullocks,
&c. to grass, the rainy season being
now
at ha7tdS^>
OBSERVATIONS. The Sultan would
which he could not subsequently
Nergund knew to
any guarantee
not, for reasons sufficiently obvious, agree to violate
^vl^om they had to
with perfect impunity.
deal with
;
The
garrison of
and, therefore, naturally
sought
obtain a better pledge for their security, than they could receive from the
" commanders of
his
were, in the end,
army," or any other person depending upon him.
They
however, compelled to trust to the good faith of the com-
manders, and the event was
sucli as
they seem to have anticipated.
P (1)
III
sanctity of (2)
A
(33
Such
tlic
.jU^U-
^vhe^e
by ubroo
{viz.
I
is
usually meant,
more
particularly, the
Harem, or female part of a family.
kind of poney, or small degenerate
rendered year,
original
tlio
take to be the strict meaning of
set in
:
and
tiiis
last
the end of June.)
Iiorsc.
uu—Ij^Asij*^
though
I
think
it
might
also
be
sense •would, no doubt, better agree with the time of tha
SELECT LETTEHS OF
106
LETTER LXXVITI. To
the
Your
Sanore Man
j('>
dated \8th Jaafury.
(\st July.')
face of arrival, and imparted joy and pleasure to us. friendship has traced, in excuse for past offcnces, this
adorned the
containing an account of your welfare,
letter,
is
What
the pen of
comprehended.
matter not the slightest impression remains on the mind of this
friend
the only fault {ov failure) imputable to that friend being, that
:
he did not examine with care and accounts
amount
of his revenue
dilig-ence into the state
the consequence of which has been, a heavy deficiency in the
;
Our accomptants have made
realized.
themselves thoroughly
acquainted with the details of the territory held eonditionallr/ by you
and
Of
making every
after
fair
and proper deduction for military charges,
You
have ascertained the balance justly due to us from you/^^
therefore, agreeably to your former promises, speedily pay the into the hands of the bankers,
and dispatch the
accomptants and others in your employ, [in
proceedings, to
dered
question],
make
With
amount
respect to the
who have been
guilty of the
you should compel them,
restitution of the
must,
You must
latter to us.
not suffer any delay to take place in this matter.
malversations
;^^>
by
rigorous
sums of which they have plun-
yovi.
In regard to the servants and Taaldkddrs of that friend, we assure
him
that no interruption or disturbance shall be given to
them by any
one.
(1) It is AbdCil
designation
mark
of the
;
Hakeem
Klian, the Nabob of Shanoor, that
is
here meant by this slighting
whicli, thougli (no doubt) confined to the record, or entry, little
is
no unccjuivocal
account he was held in at Seringapatam.
XVI.
(2)
See Letter
(3)
This balance was stated, ia Letter
XVI,
at about thirty-eight lacks of rupees.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
lOJ
LETTER LXXIX. To
Mahommed Ghyas aml'Soon Mahommed Khan;
sa7}ie
Date.
(1st Jidt/.}
Your
of the 9th of Jnafimf, was received on the 18th of the
letter
same month [or
"
this
ference which you
and disgiace you
" inexpedient It
and
together with
you thought
that, in consequence,
a con-
it
utterly
any longer.
Such being the ungracious and unpalatable
what advantage can
things,
in the course of
to his tongue, of a nature that tended to lower
to remain there
known.
is
;
" that
write,
had had with Rao Rasta, Hurry Pundit O heing
" present gave a Hcence *'
You
day].
from
arise
it
That
?
Noor Mahonuned Khan, must,
at
friend,
any
rate,
state of
therefore,
and without
leaving a single individual of your mission behind you, set out for our
Presence, nor wait for any farther orders.
OBSERVATIONS. It
might be supposed, from the
recital
here
made by
the Sultan of the letter of
the envoys, that the latter had not communicated the offensive observations of
Hurry Pundit
in detail,
but
satisfied
of the most affronting nature.
Be
themselves with stating, that they had been this
may,
as it
warmest indignation was excited on the occasion since in
a
we
shall presently see
still
wounded
him
(1)
Hurry
might have been
Pmiclit
was
at tlic licad
couinimidud
with Lord Cornwulhs.
tlic
nor did
clear that the it
Sultmis
immediately subside,
in the foregoing dispatch.
at first,
P siibsf(jiiciit periotl,
is
repeating his order for the return of the envoys,
more peremptory tone than his pride
:
it
of the
army
by the
But however
injurious language
imputed
Hurry
2
army
sent by
to
tlic
of
tlio
Malirattah emiiirc
;
and, at a
yovcniiiiciit of Foonali to co-operate
SELECT LETTERS OF
108 Hurry Pundit, he seems his anger
his
;
inasmuch
as
mind with regard
ultimately to have subdued, or at least to have repressed,
he thought proper,
at
no great distance of time,
to
change
to the recall of his agents.
LETTER LXXX. Mudgvl
To Meer Moaalla Khan, Kilaadar of Jaafvry.
(3d July.^
We have
fArTER compliments]
just learned,
of the Deputy Governor of Giijunder-ghur, t^ollected
from the report
that that friend,
having
together a hody of troops, maintains himself with great firm-
ness in the fort of assistance
dated 20th
;
:
we
Mudgul ;
soliciting,
to desire that
therefore write,
reserve or ceremony, state to us
however, at the same time, our
you
what succours you
without any
will,
when, with
require,
the blessing of God, the same shall be effectually furnished.
OBSERVATIONS. I
am
not quite certain with regard to the real
since, in the original,
and general tenor of to
any person
in
it
is
written both
this letter
it
name
of the fort here mentioned,
Mudgul and Nudgul.
might be concluded, that
was not addressed
correspondence with the Sultan.
I
am
who had
of this work, I should meet with any in the Appendix.
new
entertained a
not, at present, sufficiently
informed on the subject to clear up this point satisfactorily
it
the style
the service of the Sultan, but rather to the governor of a fort
(belonging either to the Mahrattahs or to the Nizdm) traiterous
it
From
light respecting
;
it,
but I
if,
will
in the course
communicate
TIPPOO SUI>TAN.
109
LETTER LXXXL To BuRHANUDDEEN
**
dated 23d Jaafury.
;
You
write " that the Piddehs from Surhutty,
with
Kumruddeen Khan, have run away, and
" has placed a Dalwdr^^ and a Vakeel
Juli/.')
who were
stationed
that Hght of our eyesO
in custody of a guard."
It is
Furnish Kumruddeen Khiin with other Piddehs, in the room
kivown.
who have
of those
and
(6th
seize, for the
deserted
;
keep the two persons you mention
in irons
use of the Sircar, the horses and camels belonging to
them.
OBSERVATIONS. The
context would, in this place, seem to imply,
that the
Dalwdr and
Fakeel,
here mentioned, belonged to Surhutty, and were seized and confined by Biir-
hanuddecn, as a case,
The
it
is
sort of hostages for the fugitive Piddehs.
impossible to say,
at this time,
who
;
but
it
is
probable, that
it
was not the
the persons in question were.
rigorous proceeding against them, here directed,
measure of justice
If this
may seem
to exceed the
was not designed so much
punishment, as a means of accomplishing the recovery of the deserters, expedients are but too
common,
in
similar cases, throughout
as a
Such
Hindustani the
East-India Company's possessions excepted.
(1)
Meaning
(2) Tliis
Mysore.
BCiilifinCitldeeu,
term,
Vakeel
I
lias
Sec Note
1,
Letter
XXX.
believe, denotes a minister, or principal
been already explained,
at
Note
1,
manager;
Letter XIII.
as the
Dalwdr of
SELECT LETTERS OF
110
LETTER LXXXII. To
Mahommed Ghyas
Noor MAHoaiMED Khan
and
Jaafvry.
Your two
letters,
(10th
You
the rest of them propose
*'
and to take an engagement from you
*'
after his departure,
effect,
that
what Hurry Pundit and
Noor Mahommed Khan
to dispatch
pay down the money [cUiimed
to
It is
known.
and therefore dare not enter into any
servants,
" engagement whatsoever without our orders; but " hable, that after Noor
Mahommed Khan's
"
should have ascertained from hi in the
**
consider the means of transmitting the write,
*'
that
"
us, that the
*'
the payment of a lack
*'
amercement,
"
to be discontinued."
lected
[^ti-ue^
Rao Rasta
it ivas
arrival,
state
it is
and
wished that It is
and tvhen we
of things,
we would
let
to agree to
direct the siege of
The
aforesaid
him make
from our dominions, and then we
zve shatttd
has desired you to represent to
seventy-five thousand rupees,
known.
most pro
money
from our dominions ten lacks of pagodas
Nergdnd.
that
Zeminddr of Nergdnd, having been brought
consideration of an amercement, levied
If any message, to
should be actually sent to you, your answer must be,
that you are our
You moreover
to us,
there should be any delay in the trans-
mission of the same from hence."
the above *'
is,
"
write,
*'
if,
i/w/y.)
of the 12th and 14th of Jaafury [25th and 27th
June] have been received.
" of us],
dated ^Ith
;
:
by way of
Nergdnd
Zeminddr has
waving, therefore,
restitution of
colall
what he has
will certainly raise the siege of
TirrOOSUJLTAN.
Ill
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
obsen-ablc, that, in the present dispatch, the Sultan 1st July, for the
his orders of the
Poonah
:
on'
med
tacitly
probably cooled in the interval
but
;
from the same quarter.
in the foregoing letter to
at the
Mahom-
behaviour of Hurry Pundit had
was soon revived, as we
it
It
Noor Mahommed
approves of the continuance of
His indignation
Gliyas at his post.
fresh affront
immediate departure of both his agents from
the contrary, he seems satisfied with the idea of
Khan's return singly, and thereby
from repeating
far
is
must be allowed,
shall see,
by
a
that the answer directed
be returned to the expected message, or proposal, from
the Mahrattah ministers, was not in the deportment, either of
much
calculated to produce
Hurry Pundit
any favorable change
or of his colleagues.
LETTER LXXXIII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
You
write,
;
dated \st
Daraey.
(14//i July.^
" that you never buy caravan horses."
It is
known.
But though you never purchase any, you must dhect the Silahddrs do
to
so.
You
" that the labourers with you
further write,
"
subsistence from
*'
them."
receive their daily
the Ainnila of the districts which have supplied
But there
is
no
necessity for this.
Let them be paid by you,
from the day on which they joined you, and as long
as they
may remain
with you.
We
have learnt from our beloved
a camel- courier,
belonging to
Rao
son,('>
Meer Kumruddeen,
that
Rasta, has arrived with a letter addressed
(1)
Original
^W^j
'«
liappy, piospcroiis."
endearment by parents to children,
in
the
It is
most commonly applied as a term of
same manner
as
.
',
-^.y and
^.liJ
JUl
SELECT LETTERS OP
112 addressed to you and
vou
Having duly considered the contents
liirn.
dispatch such an answer by
will
thereof,
the courier, as you shall judge
proper.
OBSERVATIONS. I
was in some doubt, respecting the meaning of Caravan horses,
Wilks,
the
author of the admirable History of Mysore,
informed me, that the strings of horses brought for
guess to
why Burhanuddeen made
buy horses from these
it
It
published,
would not be easy to
a rule (as he would appear to have done) never
But whatever objection
dealers.
recently
by the northern mer-
sale
chants, and others to the south of India, were so called.
Colonel
till
that
have to such purchases, the Sultan appears to have had none
;
commander might
as otherwise
it is
not
probable that the merchants would have resorted to his dominions, or that he should have been desirous that the Silaliddrs should deal widi them.
What
is
said here of the letter from
Rao
the idea suggested on a former occasion,^''
measure,
exercised the chief authority in the
army employed
frontier.
His name probably stood foremost
dit's letter
;
viz.
that
at this period
some
Burhanuddeen
on the Mahrattah
in the superscription of
Hurry Pun-
which, on that account, or because he was generally considered as
commander-in-chief, was, in the
The
Rasta, seems to confirm, in
first
instance, carried and delivered to
him.
authority given to Burhanuddeen, by the last paragraph of the foregoing
seems to exceed the usual measure of the Sultans confidence in his servants,
letter,
of whatever rank they
might
be.
LETTER LXXXIV. To Burhanuddeen
;
dated 2d
DJrJey.
a letter from Ibnlheem Ali Kha,n
By
it
(loth July.
appears to us,
Risdladdrs, Syed Huniced, Bubi Ali Baig, and Ibruheem
that
the
Khun, have received
(2)
See observations on Letter
XXXI,
TIPPOO SULTAN.
A
received bribes, &c/') from various persons. original of
copy of
this letter, the
which has been deposited in the Kuclmrry of
We,
enclosed.
is
113
Jyshe^
tlie
consequence, direct, that the aforesaid Risdladdrs
in
be divested of their commands,^-) that they be confronted [with their
money [they have
accusers], obliged to refund to the Sircar the
ruptly obtained], and finally, that they be kept under restraint,
matter reported to us
;
when we
will
cor-
and the
send other Risdladdrs from hence
[to supply their places].
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter does not afford a very favorable
justice,
mode
or of his
He
misdemeanors.
specimen of the Sultans notions of
of proceeding against persons charged with crimes or
upon the bare information of Ibrahecm Ali Khan,
acts
as
if
the truth of the charge preferred by the latter were already undeniably established,
upon the accused before
inflicting every penalty
the event of their guilt being completely proved. of
trial
to be instituted
;
trial,
It
is
that could be inflicted, in true, that
he directs a kind
but the possibility of the innocence of the accused
The
neither contemplated nor provided for.
result is to
is
be communicated to the
Sultan; not in order that he may, in case of the acquittal of the accused, give directions for their restoration to their rank, liberty,
immediately send new
he
may
at
variance, not only with
ofllicers
common
and property, but only that
to supply their vacant places.
but even with the usual
justice,
proceeding against military offenders of the rank of Sultan's
own
regulations
" of the accused "
;
officer to
one of which appears
On
to
oflicers,
prescribed
the other hand,
it
and
till
Literally,
*'
A
by the
ordered to be restored to
»;-ijC-.y.j
^Vl^at the " Kc." refers to,
be turned out of
tiu-ii-
him
must be acknowledged that the enquiry '
(2)
of
have directed, that " the sword
Q, (1) In the original
mode
is
be taken from him, and deposited in the guard-room, there
to be kept during the trial of the accused,
" by the Sultan."
All this
Jiisdlas.'^
it is
commanded
not possible to guess.
SELECT LETTERS OF
114 commanded
made, and the postponement of the appointment of successors
to be
to the accused
the result was known, are circumstances, which seem to
till
show
that the Sultan, notwithstanding the precipitancy and irregularity of his proceeding,
on
deem
this occasion, did not
might be able
to clear themselves
absolutely impossible that the Risdladdrs in
;
which case
made them
suppose, that he would have
bad
it
it
is,
perhaps, only fair to
suitable reparation for the injury they
suffered.
LETTER LXXXV. To
We
the same
have learned, by a
" that he has carried
" the *'
dated 3d
;
and
walls
his
letter
(\6th July .'y
from the Sipahddr,
his side are levelled to the
Let the ditch be
all,
let
filled,
it
be well
will
Kala Pundit, the
rest
:
is
a
and [in
may be
this
If,
whether
or any thing
else,
of Kala Pundit.
man
case] with the exception of lives
and arms
In the event,
however,
;
but the of [your living-
or ivoman, old or young, child, dog, caty
must he put
What more
and
trifling
being obliged to proceed to] the assault of the place, eveiy if,
;
that
however, the garrison will
allowed their
Pundit's person must be secured.
creature in
;
All,
and, with the consent and concurrence of
the place be stormed and taken.
capitulate,
ground
That, then,
that the ditch only remains to be filled."
affair.
Mahommed
approaches to the edge of the ditch
on
batteries
DarJey.
to the sword,
with the single exceptioa
?
OBSERVATIONS. The
sanguinary and ferocious disposition of Tippoo Sultan
the most glaring and odious colours,
is
here displayed in
llie spirit of Nadir Shah appears to breathe
through
TIPPOO SULTAN.
115
through every line of the concluding sentence of this memorable
Kala
letter.
Pundit was, most probably, reserved for some signal punishment
;
he was exempted from the general carnage here directed, because
his
perhaps,
or,
immediate
death might have frustrated the Sultan's views to pecuniary indemnification. is
that this last consideration
rather extraordinary,
make an
did not also lead
him
It
to
exception, in his exterminating mandate, in favor of the wealthy mer-
chants and bankers of the place
;
to secure
whose persons he was subsequently
extremely anxious.
LETTER LXXXVI. To KuMi^uDDEEN
You
write,
"
Khan
;
doled 3d
Daraey.
(161 h Juli/.^
conformity with our orders, you have trans-
that, in
Mnhommed
Ali and his Kushoon to
*'
ferred the ISipakddr
*'
deen, and in his place have taken Shaikh Unser and his Kiishoon,
" which you have posted
You
will
out,
and
in the trenches."
It
is
Burhunud-
known apd approved.
cause the pay abstracts of Shaikh Unser's Kiishoon to be issue the
amount.
Burhiiuuddeen
will issue the
pay of
made
Mahom-
nied All's Kiis/ioon.
You
further state,
" has replied to your
*'
that Syed Meeran, the Kilaaddr of
letter to
him,
*
that
all
Dhdrwdt\
the powder and shot at that
"
'
place
"
'
be in his power to furnish another ball or grain of powder,
*'
'
fresh
had been dispatched
to
Burhanuddeen, and that
supply reached him from Nugr." "
It
is
it
would not
known.
till
a
Orders,
both to Syed Meeran and to the Taatdkddr of Nugr, are gone from us, to send
you powder and shot, which
Q
will
2
reach you in due time. .
You
SELECT LETTERS OF
116
You have "
"
also written,
that the works on your attack are
com-
but that those on the side of Burhanuddeen want two or
pleted,
" four daysC) of being
finished
end of which time, after due
at the
:
**
consultation with the Sipahddrs and other
commanders of the army,
*'
an assault would be made, and the
NergUnd be conquered."
It
known.
is
will
be well,
fort of
If the garrison will surrender the place upon terms, as, in this case,
the loss of
men
must, otherwise, advancing your works on every walls,
and
filling
up the
You
be avoided.
will
side,
ditch, proceed, with the advice
breaching the
and concurrence
of the Sipahddrs and commanders of the army, to storm the place
which should be done the
first
it
;
favorable opportunity, either at day-break
or at noon.
The
tank-diggers^^^ must,
on their
arrival
from Shdnoor, be placed
under a guard, and dispatched to the Presence.
You *'
write,
" that a camel-courier, belonging to Rao
Riista,
had
arrived with a letter, addressed to you and Burhannddeen, who, you
" conclude, had forwarded the same in question has not been received diately
have replied to
it.
:
to us."
had
it
It is
known.
reached us,
You and Burhanuddeen
fduly] considering the contents of the aforesaid
we
letter
should imme-
[therefore] after
letter,
such an answer to Ruo Rasta, by his courier, as you
The
must dispatch
shall
judge to be
proper.
(1)
This
is
a peculiarity of the Persian idiom, in which
two or Jour, ten or tuelve, us
it
is,
at least, as usual to say
two or three, ten or eleven, &c.
(2) Original ^J^yJjj "ly translation of
term bjing entirely unknown to me.
which
is
on the authority of Colonel Munro, the
TIPPOO SULTAN.
117
LETTER LXXXVII. To
You
the
SjpahdJr, Mahombied Ali
write,
;
same Date.
(\Qth
Juli/.}
" that you have carried on your approaches to the edge of
" the ditch, the fiUing of which is the only thing remaining to be " done." It is known. Wliere is the great difficulty of filling the ditch
That, therefore, being done,
?
let
the place (every one concur-
Hiig in the propriety of the measure^ be stormed and taken.
OBSERVATIONS. It
might almost be
inferred,
from the tenor of
though a raw and inexperienced
uddeen and Kumruddeen.
document
is,
Mahommed
All,
was co-ordinate in authority with Burhan-
But the only conclusion
to
be justly drawn from
this
that the Sultan was in the habit of corresponding, sej)arately, with
the superior officers of his army, chief commanders.
by the
officer,
this letter, that
who probably
acted as so
many
spies
upon the
Such a wretched system would be naturally enough suggested,
characteristic jealousy
and distrust of the Sultan.
LETTER LXXXVIII. To Kumruddeen
[After an immaterial letter
thus proceeds
;
dated 5th Daraey.
passage,
(I8th July.^
respecting a supply of money, the
:]
All the operations of the siege are completed, and the walls of the
place
SELECT LETTERS OF
118 place demolished
why, then,
:
the fort on terms, tunity,
it
will
If the garrison will evacuate
this delay?
be well
j
otherwise, watching a suitable oppor-
and acting with the concurrence of the Sipahddrs, and other
commanders of the army, you must take the place by
assault.
LETTER LXXXIX. To
You
the
SiPAUDAR,
Mahommed Ali
" that placing yourself
write,
;
same Date.
at the
head of
(I8th July.')
five
companies^'^
*'
from the Jyshe-Itisdlas, you advanced into the ditch
"
after putting to the
*'
of your Kushoon pushed on, and ascending the walls, planted their
"
colours on one of the towers [or bastions].
sword every
man
;
from whence,
of the enemy found there, some
Here, however, the
" enemy's people, assembling in great numbers, and assailing ours with " rausquetry, hand-granades,^-) &c. you [thought proper to] recall " your men from the tower, [and " lodgement in advance/^)" It is
known.
Your duty
is
to
to content yourself with]
making a
perform such services as you are ordered
to execute, and not to act according to the suggestions of your
mind.
You must
own
not again proceed in this idle manner, but regulate
your conduct by the general opinion.
( 1 )
In the original ^y>. jowk.
(2) Original
(3)
This
is
i
or halting place)
may
here
mean
J^ .dj^jj
the covert-way.
I
am
unacquainted.
Perhaps the
Murhukh
{i.
e.
stage
TIPPOO SULTAN.
119
OBSERVATIONS. If
Mahommed
Ali was a raw and inexperienced soldier/*'
have been a bold and enterprising one.
The
he seems,
at least, to
action here described would appear
to have been performed without the knowledge, or orders, of his superiors therefore, very properly
and
;
is,
condemned by the Sultan, whose reproof on the occasion
was, perhaps, sufficiently mild.
LETTER XC. To BuRHANUDDjLEN
You " and
write,
that
J
dated 6th
Daraey.
" that your approaches are carried
it is
determined to storm
" Dileer Dil Khan " numerous force
says, is
tlie
place in
(I9th July?)
to the foot
of the wall,
two or three days
he must go and forage with
his people
required for the approaching assault;
;
that
;
that
and
a
that,
**
with our permission, you will detain the said Khan, together with the
**
dismounted men of the cavalry Kuchurry, until the conclusion of the
"
business."
It is
detain the aforesaid
known Khan,
the period you propose;
:
and we,
in
as well as the
when you
consequence, direct that you
men you have
will allow
them
to
mentioned,
till
go and forage.
OBSERVATIONS. The two
preceding
officers of the
letters satisfactorily
army sometimes
acted,
prove,
how independently
the superior
and how feeble Burhanuddecn's authority over
(4)
Sec Letter XXII.
120
SELECT LETTERS OP
over them was.
armies native It
:
But
and, perhaps,
this it
an
is
was
less
inherent in the constitution of
evil
all
Indian
prevalent in that of Mysore, than in any other
army of Hindostan.
might
at first view,
and on general principles, be supposed, that
it
was much
easierto introduce strict military discipline into the armies of arbitrary states, like
those of the East, than into any other
and
:
so,
no doubt,
it
would be,
not for the distrust and jealousy natural to the rulers of such
commanders with the powers necessary
invest their
to the
states,
if it
who
fear to
due maintenance of
subordination, lest the latter should, on any occasion, be tempted to employ for traiterous purposes.
them
Instead, therefore, of strengthening the hands of their
by concentrating
generals,
were
them the powers which they
in
much
gate (but which they circumscribe as
as possible),
are compelled to dele-
they judge
it
expedient,
with a view to their own security, to divide and parcel them out among the different
commanders
checks, as leaves but
;
and, in
fine, to establish in their
little efficient
or useful authority
armies such a system of
any where.
To
this
more
general and remote cause of the great insubordination observable in the armies
may
of the East, as
it
were, necessarily out of the former)
or written
rules
government
for their
that disorder
is,
be added another, more particular and immediate (arising,
relating to which,
:
and that
;
is,
the total want of fixed
the consequence of which, of course,
and confusion per\adc the whole body, almost every thing is
made
to depend on the caprice and partial views of indi-
viduals.
Tippoo Sultan, in
common
it
in
as if sensible of this last defect in the constitution of his
army,
with those of his neighbours, would appear to have aimed at correcting
some measure
;
and
for this
purpose (though, probably, not with any very
deep or accurate views of the subject) caused to be compiled and disseminated a military code, or treatise,
" Triumph examining
of the holy Warriors."
this
inspection of tlw;
manual
which he
work, with attention
it,
some years
I ;
Futhiif Mdjdhideen,
or,
" the
have not, hitherto, had an opportunity of but the impression made on
ago, inclines
exercise, evolutions,
entitled
me
and similar
to think, that
details,
it
me by a cursory
treated chiefly of
and contained but few regulations,
TIPPOO SULTAN. lations, calculated
and uphold the authority of the superior, or to
ascertain
to
121
inculcate and enforce the obedience of the inferior ranks of the army."'
LETTER
XCI. arii ni vi:lA
'
Mahommed Ghyas
To
and Noor
DarAey.
Your
letter
Hurry Pundit
that
"
desiring you to send
Q2\st Jiihj^
You
a message to you, through
away the
Rao
musqueteei-s*'*' with you, as
it
write,
Rasta,
was not
that they should remain at Poo7mli."
We have
known.
It is
sent
dated 8tk
;
of the 23d of Jaafunj has been received.
**
" proper
Mahommed Khan
already repeatedly written, and
we now again
write to say, that the hostile intentions of the chiefs in that quarter are evident
;
that the longer residence of that friend and of
med Khan
there,
is
Noor Mahom-
consequently in the highest degree improper
;(-)
and
that you must, therefore, both set out for our Presence, with the whole
of your retinue.
This order
is
accordingly to he considered hy you of
equal force ivith a hundred orders.
You must
not wait for any other;
immediately on receipt of our present commands,
hut,
Noor Mahommed Khan, and sence.
TVe
shall ivrite no
all
proceed with
the people attached to you, to the Pre-
more on
this subject.
R (1) Since writin;:^ tlic aI)ovc, tliis
Lieutcnant-Colonci Marriot has obligingly lent
mc
a copy of
curious work, of wliicli some further account will be found in the Appendix.
extracts there given from
it,
will
show the exact extent
The
to wiiich the Sultan provided for
the maintenance of subordination. (1*) In the original
,b *j^
wiiich
llyder Ali distingnislied his regular
was the name,
as Colonel
Wilks informs me, by which
ii>f:uitr\-.
---j-' i. e. " leads to perfect unkindness" or " unl/^ls^ J'^ i_ " graciousncss " or " must carry with it the most unfavourable appearance."
(2)
In the original :
c::,.^!
SELECT LETTERS OF
122
OBSERVATIONS. The
made on
only remark necessary to be
this letter
is,
that notwithstanding
the apparently inflexible resolution of the Sultan, to withdraw his agents from to have continued there
Poonah immediately, they both appear
May
in the following year (1786), or nearly a
whole year
till
the
after these
month
of
peremptory
orders for their recall.
LETTER To BuRHANUDDEEN
;
XCII.
dated 9th
DabJey.
(22d July.^
It has been reported to us, that the besieged are desirous of capitulating,
and have opened a negociation for the purpose they will surrender on terras, there
written,
that
assault.
You and Kumruddeen must
if
the occasion, and, by the place.
evei'y practicable
it
:
is
therefore
is
no use
an
in
jointly treat with the besieged
on
means, induce them to deliver up
Failing in this, you will, Avith the concurrence of
the
all
Sipahddrs and commanders(') of the army, (after having ascertained firom
what point the attempt can be made with the
seize the proper
open
moment
least loss
of
men)
for proceeding to the capture of the place
by
assault.
We (1) Sipahddrs
that
any
officers,
and commanders.
I
take this to be a mere pleonasm
;
for I
below the rank of a Sipaltddr, were meant to be consulted
do not suppose ;
and
witli
the
exception of BClrhanCiddeen and KumrQddeen, there would not appear to have been any
with the army of superior designation. with great diffidence on this point tion, or formation, of the
.S'((//aH'4
;
since
I I
wish, however, to
be understood, as speaking
have only a superficial knowledge of the constitu-
army, at
this period.
TIPrOO SULTAN.
We are here and
move
likewise prepared to
123
at the
head of our
In the mean while, you must
shall shortly arrive in that quarter.
temporize, and employ every means, fair or foul,^^^ which
the besieged to surrender the fort
would be
lost
may
induce
many
because, in an assault,
:
forces/^)
lives
while a long detention before the place would also prove
;
extremely destructive to the army.
It
is,
moreover, in our blessed con-
templation, to engage, after the rainy season, in a certain tveighty enterprize
you must, therefore,
;
evacuation of the place
;
try every
acting at the
means of
same
effecting the [earlyj
time, in
all
our
affairs,
in
[perfect] concert with each other.
OBSERVATIONS. The
fluctuating orders of the Sultan, respecting
Nergdnd,
as well as his
impa-
tience to obtain speedy possession of the place, have appeared in several of the
foregoing
letters.
It has also
been seen, that his sohcitude, on
him, more than once, to authorize, and even to
direct,
this occasion, led
in sufficiently
explicit
terms, the adoption of the most unjustifiable measures for the attainment of his object.
But
it
was reserved
for the
present dispatch, to display,
glaring colours, his unprincipled and profligate policy.
He
is
in the
no longer
most
satisfied
with vague and distant intimations of his wishes; but here, throwing off all reserve
and
disguise, openly
tion, or perjury,
to
and boldly
declares, that there
is
no act of treachery, decep-
by means whereof the conquest of Nergdnd could be achieved,
which he was not ready to give an unqualified sanction.
The weighty guessed.
It
enterprize, alluded to in this letter, can, at this time, only be
could hardly be the surprize o{ Adoni
R
;
which, though
it
might possi-
2
bly
(2) Original (.::«w!yffU-j_^U^jf^lj-! 1^ Ui^.J^j literally
<*
here, too, the special cavalcade
is
ready or pre|)ared. (3) Original
temporizing."
jjyw <-S^ ^'^j
^jj'^j
^-^^^j r}' jrf
" ^Y e^cy way*
true and
false,
and by
SELECT LETTERS OF
124
Lly be in his contemplalion at this juuct\ue, he did not attempt
May
the
till
month of
Neither could he well mean a sudden attack
of the following year (1786)/^^
of the Mahrattah army, to be conducted in person by himself; as this was not carried into effect
till
a
still
considerably posterior to the fore,
"
later period close
no other known occurrence,
and, consequently, both events were
:
of the rainy
to
There remains, there-
season."
which the expression
in question
can be so
well referred, as to his short expedition against the Koorgs, in the following
of
November; when he marched suddenly and
rapidly to Zvferdhdd, in which
quarter the Koorgs had recently appeared in open revolt pacity of the officer
whom
he had
completely settled portion of his
left in
month
;
and owing to the inca-
charge of that ever turbulent and never
territories,'^^
had obtained some advantages over
the Sultaiis troops.
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
Agreeably answer to the
Khan
to your desire, Urz'^^*^
;
XCIII.
dated 10th
we have
Daraey.
(23d
transmitted to Burhanuddecn
which he forwarded
to us
from Kala Pmidit.
aforesaid Pundit, for his complete satisfaction [or security]
sanction of oaths, &c. [to our engagements].
oaths and the like, in an affair of
sity for
tiddeen must,
bt/
Jnlr/.y
tliis
But where kind
is
the neces-
You and Burhan-
?
eveiy possible artijice and deeeption, get the garrison to
have written a
(4)
See on
(5)
See Letter
The
demands the
quit the place.
We
aa
letter to
Shaikh Unser, which
this subject the observations
CXVIL
U*) An humble address
or petition.
on Letter CXXXVIII.
is
enclosed.
TIPPOO
SUI. TAN.
125
OBSERVATIONS. Tlie true meaning of what the Sultan here says his generals for circumventing the garrison,
perjuring himself for the purpose
:
answered by their doing
is
and
sees
he depends on
no necessity
he thinks the end in view
for personally
may
be
sufficiently
therefore averse to a waste of perfidy.
But
lie
did not think proper to pledge himself to the extent required by Kala
it is
highly probable that, in his letter to that person (referred to above),
although Pundit,
so,
he
that as
is,
he was not calculated
at all
backward
dispel
to
any
fears
him such
giving
in
assurances, as
he might entertain
for
would be best
his personal safety
honour."'
and 1
LETTER XCIV. To BuRHANUDDEEN
Your of the
letter,
fort,
J
Same Date.
(23d
Juli/.')
enclosing a paper, containing the demands of the people
has been received
;
and, in consequence thereof,
we now
transmit to you, in answer to these demands, an engagement from us to
Kala
Pundit.^')
and the other
The
We
also enclose three letters for
S'lpahddrs.
aforesaid Pundit has, for his greater satisfaction [or security],
demanded the sanction of oaths, &c. is
Mahommed AH
the use of oaths on this occasion
ruddeen, by every possible evacuate the
artijice
?
[to our engagements].
You
and
But what
must, conjointly with
deceit,
Kum-
persuade the besieged to
fort.
(2)
See the following
(1)
The
letter or
•'
letter.
engagement, here referred
guage, and therefore doe* not appear.
to,
'
"-
was most probacy
in the
Ca/wrwc
lan-
126
SELECT LETTERS OF
LETTER XCV. To JUSARETUDDOWLAH, MeER AbUL
JusARET Jung
;
dated L3th
DJraet.
You
PAfter compliments]
MaANA KhAN, BeHADUR ''
write,
(25ik July^ that in obedience to the
7, dictates of honor, you shall exert yourself, to the best of your power, **
in chastising the seditious."
It is
comprehended.
Verily,
the obligation of honor, and such the true character of courage.
should be desirous of obtaining any assistance, scruple or hesitate to consider our Sircar (jfreely] signify to fulfilling to
N.B.
A
we
[state]
us your wishes, which you
such
is
If you
request you will not as
your own, but
may depend upon our
your satisfaction. letter,
of the same
tenor and date, was written to
Mukhun
Zaal
(probably the agent of Jusaret Jung.)
OBSERVATIONS. am
I little
by
not enabled to say
who
tJiis
Jiisaretuddowlah was
;
but there can be
or no doubt of his having been a subject of the Nizdm, and (to judge
his titles)
a person of distinction.
He
was, most probably,
dependent of Busalet Jung, the brother of the Nizdm,
an immediate
and the Jagireddr of
Adoni.
LETTER XCVI. To
Mahommed Ghyas
afid
Noor Mahommed Khan;
DJraey.
Your two
letters,
do fed 14th
(27111 Juhj?)
of the 23d and 28th of Jaafury [6th and 11th
July] have been received.
You
write,
" that they are about
to require '«
of
TIPPOO SULTAN. " of you to send away your escort, and that " ment towards you is beyond measure." It
is
him,
*'
Rao
their ungracious deport-
You and Noor Mahommed Khan must
known.
house of
12/
repair to the
Rasta, and, placing yourselves opposite to him, say to
that you have nothing to do with the minister
(Nana Furnaveese)
" or any one else, and that all you have to desire is, that he " you the necessary passports, in order that you may return short, let
them be pleased or
passports,
and
out with
set
displeased,
all
order must be considered as if
it
you must,
will
rate, get
your retinue for our Presence.
Two
were a hundred orders.
In
to us."
any
at
procure
This
letters for
Kishen Rao Narain and Rao Rasta, on the subject of your dismission,
You must
are enclosed.
bring Syed Zynul Aabideen
Khan
along with
you.
You
write for a supply of money, and represent the dearness of every
Now
thing there.
that you are about to return hither,
making you a remittance
necessity of
for your expences
where
is
the
?
Let us know the name and rank of the Hdkim [ruler] of Camhay^ as
we purpose
We,
writing to him.
also, are
Fear not, but speedily commence
prepared for war.
your journey hither, and bring the Mitrishy, Peer as
,^')
Mahommed,
as well
with you.
OBSERVATIONS. The
former part of this
the same as Letter
XCI.
acknowledged in both
;
letter
In
and,
is
fact,
in substance,
and indeed nearly
in terms,
the envoy's dispatch of the 23d Jaafury
probably,
that
of the 28th of the same
is
month (which
(1
of
)
The
original here
some kind,
is
is
iateiidcd.
cither miswritten, or I
do not understand
it.
A
writer, however,
SELECT LETTERS OP
128
(which would seem to have led to the present
from
letter)
did not difter materially
it.
The
letter to the
announced)
will
Nabob of Cambay
is
here
be further noticed under Letter CXVIII.
LETTER To Meee Moyenuddeen
Your
which
(his intention of writipg
letter,
Khan
written in the
;
XCVII.
dated 19th
Hindvy
DJrJey.
(1st August.^
character, and informing us that
there was a prospect of Biidl Naig's coming in to you, has been received
and understood.
When
the said
Ndig
arrives,
you must confront him
with Tummycoor,(') and after establishing his guilt, and placing him
under a
"
gniard, tell him,
for his family."
*'
that you will release him, provided he sends
Having induced him, hj means of
this
artifice,
to
send for his family, you must put the whole of them in confinement,
and make a report of the circumstances to
us.
OBSERVATIONS. The
instances of the Sultans
treacherous and
negociations, multiply so fast, as to
make
it
unprincipled conduct, in his
difficult to avoid
the appearance of
sameness and repetition, in the remarks to which they naturally give in future, therefore, instead of obtruding
own
(l)
reflections
Name
on such
uncertain.
occasions.
my
rise
;
I
shall,
sentiments, leave the reader to his
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER To Rajah
You
RamChundurj "
write,
" and engaged
in
is
"
as
dated 20th
behalf, in every
;
districts,
the object of profit
while, in others, the gains are so very small
to be even inadequate to the ;
(2d August. ')
Taaluk [under your authority],
but that, in some
:
completely frustrated
" accountants
Daraey.
our service a Surrd/(^> and accountant, for conducting
" the concerns of each
"
XCVIII.
conformity with our orders, you have esta-
that, in
" blished shops, on our
129
monthly pay of the Surrdfs and
owing (as you say)
" where, heretofore, gold and
to
more considerable towns,
the
and
bullion
silver,
specie, to the
amount
of thousands of pagodas, used to be brought for the purposes of
*'
"
traffic,
being
now
forsaken by the traders,
who
taking alarm at the
**
establishment of our shops [or warehouses]] resort, in consequence,
"
to other places
;
none but the poorer
" with them, and then only *'
classes, in short, ever dealing
to the amount, perhaps, of six or seven
fanams." It
is
known.
Admitting that the
profits, for instance,
are only seve7i
pagodas, and that the expence, on account of the wages of the Surrdf
and accountants, amount to continue to carry their finally,
come and make
therefore,
[proceed to]
ten,
how
money and
last,
bullion to other places
their purchases at
or the dealers ?
our warehouses
:
They
will,
you
will,
Surrdfs and accountants in
establish
Taaluk, according to the amount of
You
long can this
its
every
[saleable] produce.
suggest the establishment of banking-houses on the part of the
Sircar,
and the appointment of a banker, with a
them.
You
also propose, with
salaiy, to superintend
our permission, to open warehouses for
S {
) 1
By Europeans
usually miscalled Shroffs.
the
A
Surrd/
is
a money-cbaiigcr or broljcr.
SELECT LETTERS OF
130
the sale of cloths at Bangalore,
There
comprehended. in the
framing of
is
no regulation issued hy
us,
places.
we
order
;
It
that does not cost
the deliberation of Jive hundred years.
it,
the case, do you perform exactly Avhat directions,
and other
Ouscottah,
is^
us,,
This being
neither exceeding our
nor suggesting any thing further from yourself.
OBSERVATIONS. The
fact of
Tippoo Sultan having established such shops, or warehouses,
mentioned in the foregoing
commencement
was, I believe, veiy well known, before the
letter,
of the last war, to those persons most intelligent in the afiairs of
The
Ml/sore.
by
present dispatch,
fortunately reciting at so
Ram Chundur
representation of Rajah
on the
saw
document, however,
this
I
;
but
it
is
evident, from
a
"
;
else
met with any account.
in this
Ram
his
Chundur's statement, that the retail
" None but the poorer
and then only
to
classes," says
the amount, perhaps, of six
or seven fanams."''^^ I
do not clearly know what the
result of this extraordinary' project was, or
whether the establishment, which has been described, continued the period of
its
founder's death.
prognostic regarding
"
Till
monopoly of the wholesale trade of
trade also was proposed to be engrossed.
the Rdjah, " deal at our shops
length the
had supposed, that the Sultan's views
scheme embraced nothing more than dominions
much
subject, furnishes a tolerably clear
where
idea of the institution, of which I have no I
as those
ration of five
it
was
I rather think,
verified,
hundred years,"
it
and
that,
however, that
in existence at
Rum
Chundur's
though framed " with the delibe-
was soon found impracticable, and
ultimately-
abandoned.
Ram Chundur submitting his
certainly could not have chosen a
own
more un propitious occasion
project of banking-houses, than the one
would he seem to have
he embraced
at all adverted to the character of his master,
:
for
nor
when he could
(1) i.e.
about
a.
sh}lli7ig.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
131
could have the temerity, in one and the same moment, to
a
favorite
The
devising. at
scheme of the Sultan, and result
was such
no time, have been any of
tions of
had ventured
as
;
The Sultan
he might have expected.
but
plainly
to offer to his acceptance another of his
likely to listen with
his servants
condemn pretty
own
would,
complacency to the uninvited sugges-
least of all,
when proceeding from
to question the policy of a measure,
one,
who
on which he would seem
to
have plumed himself in no small degree.
LETTER XCIX. 7o KuMRUDDEEN
You
" that
write,
" with the besieged *'
dated 25th
in concert
artifice,
order that our troops
may
You
which you expect
must, by any means, whether
get the garrison to evacuate the fort,
obtain a
little
respite
from fatigue, as
employ them, ere long, on a weighty
in contemplation to
it
Augmt.^
(Jtk
for the surrender of the place,
by engagements or by
we have
Daraey.
with Burhanuddeen, you arc treating
submit in two or three days."
will
in
;
so'viceS^^
" that yourself and Biirhanuddeen labour
You
state,
*'
ther,
and
*'
possibly,
**
may have made
How
shall
subsists
in perfect concert, in the
conduct of our
diligently toge-
affairs
;
but that,
some envious persons, incapable of viewing things a different representation to us."
any one [presume to] represent to
us, that
clearly,
It is understood.
any disagreement
between that light of our eyes and Biirhiiniiddeen, since both are
S 2 (1)
This passage docs not apply
(as
suggested under Letter XCII) to the subsequent
expedition against the Koorgs, as the Sidtan could hardly have had
employ
our
it
in contcm[)lation to
BCirlianCiddeen's forces on that occasion, to \vhich, according to his
to must, therefore,
own
account,
more than adequate. The weighty scnicc have been some enterprizc of a more arduous nature.
the troops immediately at his disposal were
alludcJ-
^^2
SELECT LETTERS OF
our beloved sons, and have been brought up aUke under our care
:
we
therefore entertain a confident persuasion, that you will both, with otk heart, exert yourselves earnestly in the service of the Sircar.
OBSERVATIONS.
A
letter
of the same dale, and nearly of the same tenor as the preceding one,
was addressed to Burhanuddeen,
"
that he conducted
Sultan thought
harmony
fit
all
to
fact
;
and
it
may,
affairs in
letters,
that
commanders it
he was
write,
belief that
a proper
appears, I think, sufficiently clear,
far
from being entirely
to impress
LETTER
You
his
satisfied of
be confidently assumed, that there were those
who endeavoured
To KuMRUDDEEN
But though the
concert with Kumriiddeen."
between them,
at least,
thought otherwise, and
likewise appears to have assured the Sultan,
intimate to these
really subsisted
from the tenor of his
who
;
dated 26th
him with
C.
Daraey.
" or the 22d of Ddrdey, the enemy were having put a garrison of ours into
"
us."
Having got the besieged
who
their opinions.
(8th August:)
" that on the day following [the date of your
**
the
it,
to evacuate the place,
letterj,
when,
you would report the same to
to evacuate the fort on tenns, and having
placed a garrison of our troops in
it,
let
the Piddehs, &c.
who composed
the enemy's garrison, be set at liberty, according to the capitulation
but all
Kiila.
the
:
Pundit, and three of the most opulent bankers, together with
Sruhmens and Mdtusuddies of any
consideration (to whatever class
TIPPOO SULTAN. class or description they
may
133
belong) must he placed in confinement, and
most carefully guarded, and the same be reported to us.
LETTER To
You "
the
same; dated
Daraey.
(9th
August^
under date of the 22d Ddrdey [4th August], " that on
write,
and a party
that day our colours were hoisted on the walls of the fort,
" of our troops admitted **
2'Jth
CI.
which was
into the place,
to be evacuated
by
the garrison on the following day."
Kala Pundit, with
It is kno\vn.
his family
and kindred,
four^^^ of the
most opulent bankers, and the most distinguished of the commanders of cavalry, as well as of every other class or department,
under guard set free,
the remaining persons, of inferior description, are to be
:
according to the
You must dispatch men who were sent
capitulation.^"'*
Doolies^^^ to
Dhdrwdr,
men must
The wounds of
these
perly treated.
The army some good
;
the
that,
division,
more
with horses,
being
under the
at their ease.
also be carefully attended to,
likewise, spot,
may be
back the wounded
in order
wounded now with your
care of their respective relations, they
in
to bring
thither [during the siege]
placed, together with the
encamped
must be placed
cattle, &c.,
and promust be
abounding with water and grass, and
where (1)
Three only were ordered to be detained
(2)
i. e.
in the letter
of the preceding day.
the capitulation was to be observed ow/y in regard to the inferior classes, possessing
no pro[)erty. (3)
Doolies are a sort of
Pakiikcen.
They
humble conveyance, constructed on the same principle
frcciuently consist of nothing but a
a Bumbco, with or without curtains. persons and oi women.
They
common
as a
bedstead or cot, suspended to
aie generally appropriated to the use of sick
SELECT LETTERS OF
134
where but
now enjoy some You write, " *'
rain
little
Having undergone such
lies.
fatigue, let
repose.
had dispatched one Risdla of
that you
and the horses of one
stable,^^^
towards Kunnekgeery
,
Sair^'^^
" Kio'pah, who, however, had returned
who
our pleasure to the aforesaid Khdn,
furnish
quence,
the
We
the same."
cavalry,
&c., and given
" an order for their pay upon Mohyuddeen Ali Khan, the
fore, signified
them
Dewdn
of
have, there-
will,
in conse-
pay of the cavalry, and the subsistence of the
horses, &c., agreeably to your requisition.
We, some army
it
:
dispatched
time since,
money
The
has, probably, reached you before now.
you sent of the troops have been received.
payment of your
for the
returns which
To-morrow we purpose
sending you an additional supply of money.
OBSERVATIONS. TTie orders here given, respecting the wounded, as well as the consideration
which the Sultan appears
still
(4)
am by (5) tlie
have had for the ease and comfort of the army at
are creditable to his character as a mihtary
laro-e,
been
to
more
The
am
had they comprehended the
Sair cavalry were,
no means I
so,
I
believe,
com'ident that this
not quite certain
military establishments, written
number appears
They would have
sick in general.
what were otherwise called the
was the
how many
commander.
;
but I
case.
horses composed a stable
by the
stable horse
i'jt/^an
to be stated at twenty-two.
himself,
;
but in a
some time
memorandum
in the
of
year 1793, the
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER To
the
welfare, pleasure.
Cir.
Nabob Runmust Khan Your
[After compliments]
;
dated
letter,
was delivered by Khajeh LutfuUah, I have also learned,
which you entrusted of rupees, to which
/')
me of your and afforded me much informing
from the said Khdjeh, the particulars
Of
communication.
to his verbal I
13o
had a just claim,
I
the eleven lacks
have been induced, by conside-
ration for the attachment which that fiiend has so long borne to me, as
well as for the sake of the true faith, and on account of the eminence of
your
family,(-> to
remit four lacks
:
you must, therefore, put the remain-
ing seven lacks of rupees in a speedy course of payment, by which means
our mutual regard and friendship will be augmented.
you by the above-named Khdjeh.
culars will be imparted to
always to afford
may you
rest,
me
Further parti-
Continue
the satisfaction of hearing of your welfare.
For the
be joyful
OBSERVATIONS. Runmust Khun was
a
Patau
Hyder A li compelled him
Alif
Khan, was
possessed the district of Kurnool.^'^
to agree to an annual tribute;
same time, a feudatory of the Nizdm, render military service.
who
chieftain,
By
to
whom, when
though he was,
required, he was
at the
bound
to
the partition treaty of 1792, his son and successor,
released from his dependence
on Tippoo Sultan, and the
tribute
payable (1)
This
letter is
without date:
I
have given
it
the place which
scri[)t.
(2)
Original
JjJU
(3) Frequently, but improperly, written
Canoul and Canoade,
it
occupies in
my
nianu-
136
SELECT LETTERS OF
payable to the
latter transferred to the
Nizam ; by whom
ceded to the East-India Company, by the treaty of 1800. account of the dynasty the reader
is
referred to
(If I
mistake not)
For a more
was
it
particular
Appendix, G.
LETTER cm. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and Noor
Hashimy.
Your
letter
has been received.
Mahommed Khan
(\4ith
dated 3d
August.^
You may
month
pass twenty days or a
longer there, in an evasive and procrastinating that time, you must, in whatever
;
way ,0
but, at the
manner may be [necessary],
for the Presence, since your remaining there
is
end of out
set
incompatible with our
dignity.
LETTER To
Your nity].^'*^
same ; dated Ath Hashimy.
longer continuance there
The dishonour
unhandsome any
the
footing,^^) is
iJul^^ Ju«!_j ci-Jj
(1») Original (2) Original
u-^lwiU^J
^jjUj_^^
is
(I5th August.^
destitute of graciousness [or dig-
arising from your residing there,
now become
rate, repair to the Presence.
(1) Original
CIV.
manifest
:
upon
this
you must, therefore,
at
TIPPOO SULTAN.
13/
OBSERVATIONS. As
the Sultan would not appear to have received any fresh dispatch from the
envoys, between the 3d and 4th of Hdshhni/,
it
may be
supposed, that the direc-
tions contained in the jjresent letter (revoking, in a certain degree, those of the
former day) arose from a reconsideration of the subject
moment, say,
in reference to the counter-orders
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
Directing
Khan
;
dated
To Rajah
Ram Chundur
have received your
;
Wunkut Rao,
" hundred hired
bullocks
and
Many
(2j
In
tricts.
tlie
of
llic
fortresses in
original
Jlsjc ijjl^j
his
\vith
August.^
command,
to the
Burhanuddeen.
Hashimy. Avrite,
(22d August. ~)
" that Taj Khan
K'duaddrs^^^ oi Kishugeery, have sent a
the five
Aumil
of the
Bdreh-mehdip
hundred lahoiuers."
T (1)
(20tft
CVI.
wherein you
" and Abdul Ghufoor Khan, the rccpiisition to
under
Kushoon
dated llth
letter,
which soon followed.
HJshimy.
liim to repair, with the troops
LETTER
I
CV.
dill
Presence, and to leave Shaildi Unser's
"
for a
revived his indignation at the behaviour of the Mahrattah ministers.
for a moment,
We
which probably,
;
We
for five
have considerecl
Mysore, as well as Kishngeeiy, had two Kilaaddrs, or
which
is
the Persian for Burch-mchdl, or the twelve dis-
SELECT LETTERS OF
138 dcred your in
No
it.
of
letter, as well as that
Wunkut Rao,
other bullocks, besides those belonging to the Sircar, are
wanted, exceptuig on urgent occasions, when additional ones.
and our
large,
such cases suffer
was enclosed
wliicli
it is
by delay.
In
may
it
be proper to hire
the public establishment of bullocks
fact,
service sometimes
demands more than
it
not
is
can provide
:
in
allowable to hire bullocks, as otherwise our service might
We
have accordingly written, and enclose a
letter to
This
the above-named IKilaaddrs'], which you will forward to them.
wiU prevent them from making any further demand for hired bullocks.
LETTER CVIL To MoHYUDDEEN Ali
Khan
;
dated 20th
Hashimy.
(^\st August.^
directions, respecting the fabric of
[After some minute
Buhry
cloths
for the use of the troops (patterns of the kinds required being enclosed)'^'^
the letter proceeds thus
:]
has been reported to us, that you
It
ever appearing at the
Kuchumj.
This
sit is
constantly at home, without
not well.
You must
pass [a
proper portion of] your time [daily] in the Kuchurrr/, and there diligently apply to the affairs of the Sircar, without suffering any one to come to
you
at
your
own house [on
public business].
It
would appear, that you
never look into the [written] instructions which you received from us. If you act in conformity with our orders,
it
be well
will
:
otherwise, you
will assuredly incur the penalty therein specified.(')
(1)
The Bubry
cloth
was a
sort of Chintz,
the Sultaifs invention, and consisted in the TThis stripe plate, (2)
manufactured
Tyger
stripe,
in
The
Mysore.
from which
it
pattern
received
its
was of name.
was adapted by Tippoo as a kind of crest, Mhich was stamped on his books,
and almost every thing belonging to him.
Sec observations on Letter
I.
Iiis
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER
139
CVIII.
To Monsieur Souliac/'> Governor of Pondicherry ; dated 2^d
Hashimy.
The
[After compliments] hands of the
Ram
f^akeel,
(3d September.') letter
which you sent
by the
Rao, containing accounts of your welfare, and
informing- us of your arrival at
PoiuHchemj, for the administration of the
of that place, was duly received by us
affairs
us,
;
and an answer thereto
(accompanied by a dress) was dispatched some time
and
since,
will,
of
course, have reached vou.
Our
earnest wish and object
which has, from former
that the strong and sincere friendship
is,
times, subsisted
between us and the Hdjah of
the French, should daily increase; and that, by the divine favour, the
of France should attain fresh splendour and prosperity.
affairs
manifest, that the
opportunity rience,
we
;^-^
Rdjah of the French
and as that eminent
is
most
It is
lying in wait for a favourable
person'^^
is
a leader of
political
expe-
assure ourselves that the means of attaining this object will
not have failed to engage your attention.
At a former
period,
when
the English
army had advanced within
eight
Coss of Poonah, and the Mahrattah chiefs, not finding themselves able to cope with the enemy, meditated on setting
taking to
flight
;
in this crisis they
which, relying on
their
(1
I
am
not certain that this tiie
of live pieces of
This
point.
Kdrchoby
(2)
Original
(3)
Meaning M.
,x-c..
>^_^
;
our aid and support,
name letter
is
2
waging
written correctly, and have not, just
now, the means
wasaccompanietl by a complimentary dress, consisting
a sort of brocade or gold and slvcr
J(ij
Souliuc.
solicited
and
engagements and promises, we afforded, by
T of ascertaining
humbly
to their houses,
fire
tissue.
SELECT LETTERS OF
140
waging war [against the which period
These
in safetv.
years, during
and property, their country and lionour, remained
more manifest, even than the
facts are
sun.
Never-
a certain Zeminddr (among the Zemindars suhject to our autho-
theless,
rity)
their Uves
some
Englisli] in the Carnatic for
having
lately
sition, to lay
been instigated, by a contumacious and insolent dispo-
waste our country, and we having, in consequence, sent
our army to chastise him and to leduce his place, the aforesaid Malirattahs, forgetting the numberless obligations conferred on
them by
dispatched their army to the assistance of the said Zeminddr.
us,
Hostilities
have accordingly taken place between the two armies, and the Mahrat-
With
tahs are meditating further mischief against us.
God, however, you these people.
Rum
Rao.
hear
shall [soon]
Further particulars
We have sent, as
in
will
the blessing of
what manner we have chastised
be detailed to you by the P'ukeel,
a token of friendship, a few pieces of cloth.
OBSERVATIONS. It
observable, that the Stdtan, in this letter, entirely sinks the
is
fatlier,
vvbose actions he applies to himself.
Whether such
a
mode
name
of his
of expression
was absolutely warranted by custom, or by the idiom of the language, may be doubted slight
:
but,
however
was intended by
this it
might
to the
be, there
memory
of
is
Hyder
occasions, spoken with suitable demonstrations of
Having already had occasion
upon the King of France, by thino-,
in this place,
to
stiling
degrading
of
;
filial
to
suppose that any
whom
he has, on
him
title
it
a Rujah,^*'
many
regard and respect.
remark on the studied but disguised
on the instance of
shall hereafter see this
no reason
it is
affront
put
unnecessary to say any
afforded by the foregoing letter.
We
applied to the French King, in an epistle
addressed directly to himself.
There (4)
See observations on Letter V.
TIPPOO SULTAN. There can be
little
141
or no doubt, that a renewal of the war with the English
No
alluded to, in the second paragraph of the present letter.
explanation can be given of the "opportunity"
presumed
to have bestowed
on " the means
"
other satisfactory
which the French monarch
represented to be " waiting for," or of " the attention" is
is
is
which Monsieur Souliac
of promoting his sovereign's views.
In short, except for the purpose of aiding his hostile designs against the English,
what motive could the Sultan possibly have French
for cultivating the friendship of the
?
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
We
Khan
;
dcitcd
CIX.
2Ath Hashimy.
(Aili
Septemher.^
approve of your having sent Shaikh Unser's Kushoon to join
Burhaniiddeen.
You At
write respecting a supply of
present
Haiigalore
we have taken up our :
we
are,
money
for the pay of your troops.
residence, with a small retinue,<^'> at
consequently,
unable to supply you from hence
•,^^'>
but have sent necessary orders for the purpose to our treasury at Seriii-
gnpatam
We enclose
<-^)
jitmasi;oo)idi/,
directing
and otherwise
to assist
him
you
to supply
in crossing
a Pimvdneh to the Zeminddr of
you with baskets^ and boat-men, your army at the Kdmpli/ GhautS^^
Another (1)
Original ijjy>. j'urecdeh,
intimation (2)
So
we have I
whicli literally signifies single;
alone.
and
visit to
of the Sultan''s departure from
understand the words
.^,«jtM
t_jl^
his capital
This
tlic
is
only
Bangalore.
their obvious
inipoit
is
quite the reverse; jt,*jt^ signifying /«//. (3) intj it
(4)
There
is
here a hiatus of a word or two
in tlie original,
which renders the
line follow-
rather uniiitclligible.
For a description of these baskets (used instead of boats, for the passage of rivers)
see Captain Moor's Narrative. (i)
lam
not (juite clear that
Tungbudra, correctly.
I
have given the name of
this
G/taut,
or passage, of the
SELECT LETTERS OF
142 Another Piinvdneh
is
also to send baskets
enclosed for the
and make no
LETTER
You
the
it
begun the passage of the Tunghudra, and
*'
your army."
" belonging
also mention,
the Kiinnek-geei'y
to
man,
Gomushteh,'-^^
*'
claims upon that Zeminddr
"
their desire] detached a liisdla of Jyshe,
*'
to chastise Eeri
*'
who had
on
cross the river,
We
:
)
some part of
accompanied by a banker's
which] you had [at
[in consequence of
and a Risdla of Sair cavalry,
Naik, a Polygar dependant on the said Zeminddr, but
We its
approve of your having made
return, the troops composing
An Agent,
it
this
detachment, and
be likewise
made
to
and proceed [hither] with you.
that light of our eyes.
for the
payment of the troops
This money
whither you must send an escort to bring
I
daily cross
had waited on you, and acknowledged the justice of our
some time ago dispatched money
commanded by
(
some baskets, you have
[recently]revolted against his authority."
known.
direct that,
(6th September.^
" that a Vakeel and Hurkdreh
"
It is
Join us
ex.
that having collected together
You
him
delay.
same ; dated 26th Hashimy.
"
write,
directing
and boatmen for you to the same Ghaut.
speedily with your army,
To
Aumil of Hurridl,
it
to you.
is
arrived at
Dhdrwdr,
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER
143
CXI.
To Maiiommed Ghyas and Noor Mahommed Khan Hashimy. (Sth September.')
Three
letters
*'
minister manifests an
*'
your dismission."
long as he
is
Whenever he
It does
" that the
with respect to
You must remain
not signify.
there as
disposed to detain you, and not precipitate your departure.
you
dismisses you,
the
Whatever
proceed to the Presence.
will
CXII.
same ; dated 29ih Hashimy. circumstances
we judged
it
(9th September.^
necessary to communicate to
have been written at great length and distinctly in Hindivij
you,
perusal of
it
[/".
e.
of the Hindiri/ dispatch] will
[with every thing] .^'^ secret
and
write,
incUnation to procrastinate,
LETTER To
You
have been received from you.
dated 28th
;
You must
and trust-worthy Md/ishi/
belief,
and who
ascertain :
one
its
:
the
make you acquainted
contents by
means of a
in all respects entitled to credit
shall be incapable of revealing the secrets [entrusted
to him.]
OBSERVATIONS. It has
been already seen, that Tippoo Sultan occasionally sent his orders
Hindivy language, even
to persons
whom
he usually addressed
in Persian.
in the
Here
we (1) <«
In the original
stund."
k^l^ jj»y. ^jy jl
literally
" from the face of
it
you
will
uiidcr-
SELECT LETTERS OP
J44 we have another example still
more
striking
of this extraordinary and unaccountable practice,
and embarrassing than the former one
liberty to suppose, that the envoys could read
and only
left to
in the Hindivy.
But
letter,
character it
;
and
wonder why the Sultan should, it
now
for
them
at
as well as a
any time,
at
Persian
prefer writing
appears, that his ambassadors were ignorant of that
that, in order to possess
was necessary
Hlndivy
a
which we were
in
;
but
themselves of their master's instructions,
to have recourse to an interpreter.
It
might have been
expected, that under these circumstances, the envoys would, at least, have been
spared the trouble and responsibility of procuring such a person,
But
of that description regularly attached to their mission.
not the case this occasion
either
nor
:
was
assume
is it
this
by having one was evidently
ev enabsolutely certain, that the person to be employed on
to be found
this as the
among
the servants of the embassy
;
though we must
or adopt the monstrous supposition of the envoys
fact,
being obliged to seek, in the capital of their master's enemy, for an interpreter
To
of his most secret and important orders. there
is
nothing in the whole correspondence,
inexplicable as this matter
we have been
that the difficulty did not occur to
might possibly have been able
me
Your received.
letter,
which appears
considering
before
my
Khan
;
(lilted
:
nor can
I
so completely
help regretting,
it.
CXIII.
2d WlsAAEY.
(\\th Septemher.y
stating the distress of your troops for
Previously to your writing,
distress, dispatched
me
to
departure from India, where I
to obtain a solution of
LETTER To KuMRUDDEEN
conclude, I must acknowledge that
we
money,
lias
had, in contemplation of this
a supply to you, wliich
is,
accordingly,
now
lying at
Dhdrivdr, to which place you must send a party of horse to escort you.
Besides this money, avc have
now
been
it
to
sent you from hence a further
supply
TIPPOO SULTAN. When
supply of twenty tliousand pni^odas.
have reached you, distribute
it
among your
145 the whole amount shall
people,
and report the same
to us
LETTER CXIV. 2o Meer
Mahommed Sadik
It has been represented to to the Tosheh-khdnehy
law
at Oussoor
is
:
we
is
;
same Date.
(\.\th September.^
a Mutusuddy belonging
us, that Owbultia,^'^
on the point of death, and that his brother-in-
therefore write to direct, that you cause guards to
be placed over his brother-in-law and GomdshteJis
made
;
and
that,
having
enquiries respecting his substance*^^) and property, you proceed, by
means of scourging [the
parties], to obtain possession of the same.
Let
the utmost diligence and exertions be employed in this business.
Lutchmun, another MiUiisuddij of the Tosheh-khdneh, full
knowledge of the particulars of Owbultia's substance
therefore,
make
enquiry of
him
also
;
after
amount of a lack of pagodas.
What more
man]
possessed
Let the same be sought
and discovered, and the whole be brought
Sircar.
you must,
be.
others formerly represented to us, that [this
property to the
:
and send and secure the goods
and property [in question] wherever they may
You and
possesses a
to the
account of the
?
U (1)
Name
(2)
The word which
enough ill
uncertain. I
liavc tr;insl:ited substance
cicnotes subsistence or hvcliliooil
ihe senbc in which
it is
here used.
;
but
I
is
in the original
do not
recollect to
^JJj which commonly i)iivc
met with
it
before,
SELECT LETTERS OF
146
OBSERVATIONS. It
does not appear, from any thing contained in this document, that Owbultia
was a public
defaulter, or stood charged with
dering the rigour of the proceedings directed, is
any malversations
it is
;
and
yet, consi-
difficult to believe otherwise.
a pretty plain hint in the concluding paragraph, that
Meer Sadik would be held
amount
responsible for the realization of the supposed
There
of Owbultia's
property.
Perhaps, however, this was only meant as a stimulus to the DexvdrCs exertions in the business.
Meer Mahommed
Siidik
racter, presided over the
considered
no such
him
enter into,
Meer Sadik
but Tippoo's government recognized
;
the reader
to the reportj of
to have
is
this person
referred
the assault of Seringapatam.
lost his life in
fairness of his
Europeans commonly
engagement whidi the Sultan made
a curious
by many persons
uncommon
the
For
prime minister
toward the end of the year 179&,
Appendix, H. believed
revenue department of Mysore.
as Tippoo's
officer.
was the Sultans principal Dewun, and, in that cha-
been a son of the celebrated Bussy
;
to
the
He
was
nor was
complexion the only circumstance that gave weight
which more particular mention
made
is
in the
Appendix.
LETTER CXV. To Syed Mahommed, Kilaadjr of Seuingapatam ; dated 3d TVasaaey.
(\2th September.^
It has been reported to us, that the MiUusitddi/ of the Jijshe, Kishn
Rao, has been
you
bitten
will give the
physician,
by a
mad dog
aforesaid
Mahommed
Baig,
:
wc
[^l\Iiltnsuddij']
who must
therefore write to desire that in
particular charge to the
administer to
him the proper medicines
TIrPO O
S
t'
LT
A.
147
N.
He
medicines in such cases, and restore him to health.
from
told not to let the discharge
must
the ivound stop, but to keep
it
also be
open for
six months.
A
N.B.
letter,
Mahommed
above
the
to
cflfect,
was likewise written to the physician,
Baig.
OBSERVATIONS. This
is
not the only letter iu whicli the Sultan has exhibited himself in the
A
charaeter of a physician.
appear hereafter.
It
more curious
still
would be
same kind
instance of the
well, if Ave could attribute his interference in
matters to any particular solicitude for the welfare of the patients.
would, at
least,
be creditable to his humanity
the sufferings of others, was not,
His conduct,
virtues.
referred to the vanity,
it
may
:
such
This motive
but humanity, or sympathy in
be safely affirmed,
on the occasions
therefore,
will
among
can only be
question,
in
which made him desirous of appearing
to
the Sultans
know,
as well
as to direct, every thing.
The Syed Mahommed Khan, K'daaddr of Seringapatam, English
;
to
whom
and was among the few persons of distinction who survived
in
Musnud,
says
:
speaking, in his
" [our] most ancient adherents." person, must necessarily have
offices
" the Kilaaddri/ of Putn
" Mahommed, a man long distinguished
he
who
which he disposed of some of the principal
accession to the
cruelties
continued to be
the period of the capture of that place by the
to
stood high in the confidence of the Sultan,
manner
this letter is addressed,
The
made him
for his fidelity
I
Memoirs of the of state on his
consio-ned to
situation held for so long a period a particijjator in
by the Suttaiis
instructions.
U
2
by
this
many, or most of the
obtained credit, for having often granted
prisoners confined there, at different times, indulgencies
Syed
and courage, and one of
committed within the walls of Seringapatam, by order of
has, nevertheless,
He
its fall.
to
his
the
master
:
English
by no means authorized
SELECT LETTERS Or
148
LETTER CXVI. Mahommed Khan
To NooR
Mahommed Ghyas
and
(14M
Baxgalore, 5th TVasaaey.
We have,
of late, repeatedly beard, that
dated from
;
September.^
Rao Rasta having
sent for
you, you declined waiting upon him, on account of a dispute that
answer to
for *'
woman
respecting a
arisen
question
" that
his message,
go,^'^
they would
if
you would attend him."
us the utmost surprise and astonishment.
among the inhabitants your interfering
of their
It
own
?
let
;
the
returning
woman
in
This account has occasioned This
country.
in this matter, or of
Rasta when he sent for you sion.
Musulman
belonging to some
had
is
a domestic disturbance
Where was
the necessity of
your refusing to wait upon
Rao
thereby throwing our affairs into confu-
seems to us, that old age^^
mmt
have produced this deviationf^^
for change] in your conduct [character or disposition], and rendered you thus unmindful of your lives and honor.
It
would have been most
consonant to the state of the times, and to the regard you owed to our
interests,
you had
if,
considering their dissensions as beneficial to Isldm,
[secretly]
proceedings],
encouraged [or excited] the Musulmans [in their
you
while
[apparently]
looked on
as
[unconcerned]
spectators, instead of interposing with such an extraordinary dation^''^
as
you did
;
recommen-
and which was, indeed, altogether, unworthy of your
(1)
Or, " would release, or deliver her up."
(2)
Original
strictly,
(3)
"
,_5_)
^
.^j^
old headed ness,
Original
(4) Original
»j\sil _.^j^
(^U-
j J c^jU;
literallj
Original ^i^ljo'j^ly.
" great years and
old heads;
or,
still
more
TI PPOO
S
L'
LT
A N.
J49
When
the Nazarenes seized upon hundreds of
Musuhnan women, where was
the zeal for the support [or honour] of
your understandings/'^
Islamism, which you are
For the
future,
it
will
now
so desirous of manifesting there ?
be proper that you should never take any share
in their domestic concerns,
but attend [exclusively] to whatever
promote the success of our
affairs.
Let the
fire
be again kindled amongst them, to the end
may
of discord, therefore,
tliat
they may, in this
manner, waste [their strength upon] each other.
OBSERVATIONS. If I understand the foregoing letter rightly (of which, however, I
must confess
myself to have some doubts) the SuUaiis meaning was, that both his own personal interests,
and those of Islamism, would have been better promoted, by a conti-
nuance of the feuds and animosities which seem to have arisen between the
Musulman and Hindoo some female
inhabitants of Puonah,
intrigue, than
by the
in consequence, apparently, of
interposition
of the envoys
which,
;
succeeded, would have the effect of terminating the disputes in question.
Instead
of this, he would have had his agents secretly foment and encourage them, therefore concludes his
" of
dispatch, by broadly desiring them "
discord," in order that his enemies
may be consumed
to measure back the false steps they had taken, and
sprung up take
its
natural course.
At
let
if it
and
to rekindle the fire
therein
that
:
is
to say,
the quarrel which had
the same time, he seems to have thoughtj
that the interference of the envoys, besides being impolitic, was indecorous and
presumptuous, as encroaching on the rights of an independent
state.
"
It is a
" domestic difference, (says he) concerning only the inhabitants of their own " country." It
is
uncertain to what particular transaction the Sultan alludes, in the passage
mentioning the Nazarenes, or Englisli. to them,
(5) I
am
is
The
violence,
mentioned on other occasions, as well
far
from being
satisfied that I
have rendered
however,
here imputed
as the present.
this
passage correctly.
SELECT LETTERS Of
150
LETTER To
Meer Zynul Aabideen, Sjpahdar 8th
Wasaaey.
(I'Jtfi
Suktshy of the
Ji/she, to dispatch
He
to that place.
We have,
Zuferdhdd.
excesses('> at
Kushoon ;
dated
September.^
Koorgs have committed
in consequence, written to the
you with two guns and your Ku^hoon
also ordered to
is
of a
us, that the
It has lately been represented to
some
CXVII.
advance you two thousand Behddury
pagodas, on account of the pay of your Kushoon
;
as well as a thousand
rupees, to be applied in compensations to the wounded/-)
After leaving
a guard over such of Othman Khan's Kushoon as are not to be trusted/^)
you
will proceed, as
which is
above directed, to Zuferdhdd ; to the Foujddr of
place, Zyniil Aabideen,
You
enclosed.
on the Koorgs
;^*^
addressed another
are, in conjunction with
when, having put
letter,
him, to make a general attack
to the sword, or
made
In short, you must so manage matters, as
Musulmans.*^^)
which
prisoners of,
made
both the slain and the priso7iers are to be
the whole of them,
to prevent
we have
them from exciting any further
[effectually]]
sedition or disturbance.
Obtaining from the treasury a copy of our regulations respecting the
wounded,
let
your wounded be paid in conformity thereto.
Rewards
to
those
(1)
Original
(2)
I.
(3)
Probably
e.
CJ,}^
to such as
men
(4) In the original
supposed to be made,
may be wounded
in the course of the service ordered.
impressed into the army, and suspected of an intention to desert. it is
I
*lcjii or a general slaughter
;
but as pn'soiers are afterwards
have, to avoid the apparent contradiction, given a
difl'ercnt
turn to
the translation. (5)
i.
e.
" circumcised."
If this
conjecture
ZynCil Aabideen Shoostry was a Sipahcldr, or a I
were well founded,
commander
have no authority for supposing him to have been.
of
dk
it
would follow that
Kushoon, which, however,
TIPPOO those men,
who may
money
your hands
in
SUI.
TAN.
151
be entitled to them, must also be given from the
from which you must, likewise, make such
;
advances [of pay] to your KmJioon, as shall seem proper to you.
OBSERVATIONS. I
am
letter,
whether by the Zynul Aabideen, mentioned in the
doubtful,
meant Zynul Aabideen Shoostry
is
(to
whom
Letter
CXXVIII
tionably addressed) or a distinct jjerson, bearing the same name.
former
is
title
usually distinguished by the addition of Shoostry (denoting
is
of this
unq^ues-
Though him
to
the
be a
native of Shuster or Suza, in Persia) yet the appellation might have been acci-
dentally omitted in the present letter, as
the
of Letter
title
The
^ju
*i-;
most clearly appears to have been in
it
CXLV.
Zuhhm-puttt/y
or compensation
As,
however,
mical,
if
all
I
am
soldiers,
is
a custom
Having never seen Tippoo
pretty general in the native armies of India. regulations on this head,
wounded
to
Sultan's
unable to give any information respecting them.
the Sultan's estabhshments
not the most parsimonious scale,
it is
the wounded were regulated by a different
were formed on the most econonot probable, that his donations to
spirit.
The
rewards occasionally be-
stowed on men, distinguishing themselves in battle or otherwise, usually consisted of gold or silver chains, or of rings for the wrists^ according to the rank of the person receiving them.
The
reader will probably be starded at the order contained in the foregoing
letter, for
making Musulmans, not only of the
who might ceeding
may
fall
into the
living,
but of the dead Koorgs,
hands of the Sipahddr ; and the extravagance of the pro-
even lead him to suspect, either the correctness of the manuscript, or
the fidelity of the translation. say that there
is
With
respect to the former,
it
will be sufficient to
not the slightest ground for supposing any error of the
script in this passage
;
and
as to the latter,
I
will only observe, that
be expressed with more piaiimcss, or freedom from ambiguity, than
manu-
nothing can tlic original,
which.
152
SELECT LETTERS OF
which, for the satisfaction of the oriental reader, at
bottom of the
Mahommed Ghyas Khan
at the
"
write,
CXVIII.
and Noor
"
betAveen Syed Zyniil Aabideen
*'
the latter of
is
come
same
;
intimacy and friendship subsisted
that a very great
whom
Mahommed Khan
(I'Jth September.^
Date.
You
be inserted
page.'"'
LETTER To
least, shall
Khan and Nooruddeen Husain Khan^
there
[i.
e.
to Poonah~\
" Mr. Boddam, the Governor of JBomhar/
on a mission from
and that the aforesaid Syed,
;
*'
actuated by his attachment to our Sircar, furnishes you, privately,
*'
with the secret intelligence of that quarter, and
*'
if it
is
furthermore ready,
meets our approbation, to take steps towards establishing a friend-
" ship between us and the
said
Governor."
objection to your agitating this affair, as
You must
It is
same occasion
you propose, with the
You
to represent ,(') that our territories
are contiguous to each other
;(^)
and
cluded between us and the English,
will, likewise,
Si/ed.
and
take the
and those of the English
that, at the time of the treaty conit
was
stipulated, that
should be afforded, either openly or secretly, to our enemies
we
have no
also obtain the most accurate intelligence from thence,
regularly communicate the same to us.
ingly,
We
well.
:
no assistance and, accord-
are in possession of copies of the said treaty, containing the
aforesaid stipulations,
under the respective
seals
of the Govwnors of JBengaf,
(1)
2. e.
to
Syed Zyntll Abideen,
(2) Literally,
"
for the ultimate information
are under the same shade."
ol"
Mr. Boddam.
TIPPOO SULTAN. J3e}igal,
Madras, and Bomhnij.
the rules of friendship,
and
is
153
This being the case,
even a violation of good
faith, that not-
withstanding his delivery [to us] of a treaty under his
Governor of Bomhaij should duct
is
afford assistance to
unsuitable to
it is
own
the
seal,
Such con-
our enemies.
abundantly remote from the usages and conduct of great chiefs.
Agreeably to yovu' suggestion, we enclose a
Nujmud' Dowlah Behadur,^^^ which you
letter to the address
of
forward [to hun].
will
OBSERVATIONS. believe that the
I
Zynul Aabideen, mentioned
in the foregoing letter,
The
agent employed at the court of Poonah by the Nabob of Camhay. letter to
the
latter,
further intercourse,
The
treaties
was an
Sultaris
being merely complimentary, and only designed to lead to a is
omitted.
with the English, spoken of in this
letter,
must, of course, refer to
the separate treaties concluded at different times between Ilyder Ali and the
The
respective British presidencies. stipulation to the
same
treaty
effect as that so
much
of Mangalore, likewise, contains a insisted
on here by the Sultan.
Governor of Bombay was not, however, a subscribing party to that I
am
The
treaty.
ignorant to what circumstance the Sultan alludes, where he charges the
Governor of Bombay with affording
assistance, at this period, to the
Mahrattahs,
LETTER CXIX. To
Mah Mirza Khan
We have,
;
dated lih IVasaaey.
at this time, thought proper to
(\Qth September.^
employ you, and the troops
under your command, in the reduction of the fort of
Oa/jjil/yS^^
X (3)
The Nabob
(I)
This
Piiiiganoor.
fort is,
The
Sipahddry
of Cambay. I
believe, situated in a district of the
same name, which
is
adjoining to
SELECT LETTERS OF
154
Sipahddr, Shaikh Omar/^^ with the troops belonging to liim,
is
already
before that place, where you will be joined by him, as well as by four
Kuchuny Piddehs from
thousand
already arrived at
its
Bangalore.
Part of this force
and the remainder
destination,
is
on
way.
its
is
On
your arrival at Oalpilly, you must, in conjunction with the said Sipahddr, proceed to dislodg-e
and
chastise the Piddehs of the
Puvgaiwor; who have posted themselves
in
the neighbouring woods,
Having cleared
from whence they [issue forth and] commit depredations.
move forward, and taking up a
these woods, you must
Zeminddr of
position near
Oalpilly, open trenches against that place.
Shaikh
Omar
open a
Mounting
requisition.
upon the
fire
fort
j
these guns in the batteries,
which being taken, you
In the fort
garrison of our troops.
the Zeminddr,
is
You must
ther with several Ndigwdries^^^ of note.
these persons are
made
respecting them.
If,
and report
prisoners,
you must
will put into it
Chukra Mull,
a
toge-
take especial care that
to us all the particulars
however, the above named persons should escape
through the woods, and take refuge
in the districts of
Chittoor, or other Polygars depending on the Fringy,^''^ to the
and two
Biiktshy oi Ehshdm,^^^ has been instructed to dispatch them
t\\&
upon your
"^^^
more heavy guns should be wanted, Turbiyut Alt
If any
howitzers.^^^
Khan,
has with him four large guns, two field-pieces,
Taalukddr of such
district,
Chundrageery,
you must write
informing him that the fugitives are robbers
(2)
dence
A letter but as
;
to it
tliis
have not thought (3) Original
officer,
it
24tl)
necessary to translate
\s^ <-^'
Ildshimy
Ai Bangalore.
(6) Officers of the i.
e.
September)
is
given
iti
the correspon-
it.
I
am
not ([uite cert;iin that
I
have rendered
tliese
terms rightly.
J In a note to Letter IV',
of the district.
(7)
(4tli
")
> (4) Original i^Lji (5)
dated
contains noiiiing materi.il that does not appear in the present dispatch, I
Kumlachdr, or
the Frank,
militia.
meaning the English.
I
have erroneously called him the collector
TIPPOO SULTAN. rohl)ers
them
155
of our Sircar, ^^^ and requiring of him not to protect but to deliver
You
u\).
in order that
are, at the
same time, to report these circumstances
we may make a
to us,
representation of the matter to the Governor
of Madras, and endeavour to obtain possession of the person of the aforesaid Poll/gar.
If any of the Piddehs of the Pohjgnr of
Punganoor should be
still
concealed in the adjacent woods, you must contrive to discover their
haunts, and to
You have
make
prisoners of them.
with you
fifty
a hundred and twenty
bullock-loads of gunpowder, each load being
making together
seers,
thousand
six
You
seersS^'>
been also furnished with twelve thousand seers of Carnatic lead,
liave
and four thousand gun-flints expending them [only]
these articles you will preserve carefully,
:
in battle.
If you should be in
powder, or shot, apply to the aforesaid Buktsluj, supply you
him a
;
want of more
who
lead,
has our orders to
and when such supplies reach you, you must transmit
to
receipt for the same.
Mohyuddecn
Ali
Chundur, have been directed
you with gram^'") for the con-
to supply
sumption of the horses of your Kuchurrij.
They
will,
each send a Miltusiiddy in charge of the gram, who you, and serve out the
under your
seal
gram
as
it
may
be wanted.
at the will
same time,
remain with
Receipts for the same,
and signature, must be regularly given by you to the
MiUmuddies, who
aforesaid
Ram
Khan, the Dewdii of Kurpah, and Rajah
will
deliver
them
to their respective prin-
cipals.
The country
of Punganoor appertains to our Sircar,
X (8)
(9)
may mean men who had defrauded
This expression
dcfaulteri!,
n
e.
about 12,000
(10) This
The term
is
is
lb.
citlur iiis
tve
have
appointed
robbers from
tlic
Sultan's territories,
w
public
government.
weight.
a species of pulse, with
unknown
2
and
to the natives,
language the English have adopted
wiiicii
they feed cattle, and especially horses,
by whom it.
it is
called cinauiah.
I
in
India.
do not know from what
SELECT LETTERS OP
156
appointed Dasia to collect the revenues of strict
orders to your people not to
there
;
strict
and
:
to you, to desire you not to it
therefore, issue
man ; and
this
head
the Aumils of the Fringy should write
will
You
On
any disturbance.
incursions in their country, or to
may
send such an answer as
be proper,
to us.
the troops under you and Shaikh
each of you respectively.
will distribute the
Omar,
will be sent to
pay of your own people,
he will distribute the pay of the Jyshe under his com-
Such Piddehs, or
mand.
it
same time report the circumstances
The pay of hy
if
make any
any molestation, you
at the
man
will,
nor are you to make any iiwursions into the country of the Fringy,
you must be very
and
you
;
commit any ravages or depredations
which adjoins to Punganoor, or to give
give
it
may
others, as
be Avounded, you will remu-
nerate according to the separate regulations on this head, with which
You must
you have been furnished.
also apply yourself to the procuring
of secret intelligence from the Ryots and others, in that quarter, giving to those
who communicate
it
from five
to ten rupees, as
you may judge
proper.
Dasia
the
is
fore, afford
make
Umlddr of
\i. e.
Panganoor']
:
you
there-
will,
him every [necessary] encouragement and countenance, and
yourself acquainted, by his means, with the [different] roads lead-
ing through the Oalpilly ddrs,
that place
;
hills
of Oalpilly.
The country of
the Fringy adjoins to
so that, in order to satisfy or tranquilize the
you must, immediately on your
Fringy Tnahtk'
arrival there, write to
them saying,
" that the Po/ygar of Punganoor having contumaciously raised his head,
" you have been sent by us to chastise *'
"
if
he should take refuge
Ijim
in their country,
;
and therefore request he
may
that,
not receive protec-
tion."
Let a reward of
five
rupees be given to every
man of our
people bring-
ing in the head of a Piddeh belonging to the rebel Polygar ; and
same reward be granted
for every prisoner
brought
in alive.
let
the
TIPPOO SULTAN.
lo^
OBSERVATIONS. The
foregoing document
" mandate
;"
functionaries
denominated in the original a Hukm-ndmeh,
is
by which name
all
or
the formal or set orders, with which public
were furnished, either at the time of their appointment to
office,
or
subsequent thereto, were usually called, to distinguish them from the current and
They were sometimes
occasional instructions transmitted to them. articles
which were regularly numbered
;
divided into
and, as observed on a former occasion,
generally concluded with a denunciation of the punishment appointed for a neglect
or disobedience of the directions contained in them.
The term Fringy,
applied in this dispatch to the English,
(by the superior classes among the natives of India, at
Nusdra, or Nazarene,
also
is
for a Christian.
least)
is
in contempt
;
as
Strictly speaking, however, there
nothing reproachful or degrading in the former appellation,
is
generally used
as
it
properly
means nothing more than a Frank, or European.
LETTER CXX To BuRHANUDDEEN
What you l«ave
A
letter to
with.
Let
he should
hini, it
still
J
(Idtc'd
Qlk IVasaaey.
written, relating to Kiilu Pundit,
framed
in tlic
is
duly understood.
manner suggested by you,
be delivered to him
:
and
if,
is
sent here-
notwithstanding this
letter,
prove disinclined to repair to our Presence, and persist in
contumacy, an hundred men of the
his
(VJ th September^
Uskur,^^'>
armed with
swprcjs
and
daggers, hut witliout firelocks, must be sent, with orders to approach
him gradually,
wliile
he
is
instructed for the purpose].
held
in
conversation
[iiy
persons
to
be
Tliey must then suddenly rush forward, ten
(
1
)
The
regular troops wore distinguished by this name.
SELECT LETTERS OF
158 ten
men upon
his party, bind
every one of
his'^^
them hand and
manner] dispatch them
:
and, disarming the Pundit and
put the whole in irons, and [in this
foot,
to the
Presence.
above tenor to Syed Ghuflar,^^^ to
all
whom
We
you
enclose a letter of the
will deliver
it.
LETTER CXXI. To MoHYUDDEEN Ali Khan, DEtrAN of KuRPAH TVasaaey. It has been represented peremptory manner, to evacuate houses erection
you have,
to us, that
required of
several
of our
which they have occupied
a most rigorous and
in
sei-vants
for years past,
at
Kurpah
and in the
of which they have expended considerable sums of money.
our pleasure
evil
tendency, and directly contrary
you must, therefore,
:
desist
from them, nor again
require of any of our servants to quit their habitations. to the instructions
which have been delivered
own
the suggestions of your
To KuMRUDDEEN
Agreeably
J
to you,
Act according
and do not pursue
fancy.
LETTER
to
dated 9th
(18th September.^
Such improper proceedings are of to
;
CXXII.
dated 9th TVasaaey.
to your request,
we have
(\Qth September.')
Avritten,
and enclose an order
Mohyuddeen Ali Khan, the Dewdn of Kurpah,
directing
him
to
desist
(2)
Kala Pundit and
persons. (3)
(See Letter
his part)', or attendants, consisted, according to this passage, of ten
CXXV.)
Syed Ghuffar was selected by the Sullan
to execute this notable piece of treachery.
TirrOO SULTAN. from disturbing our servants
desist
You must forward the same to him. What you write, respecting your
in the possession
of their houses.
desire to proceed unattended [or
pay your respects to us,
yourself]'"' to
lo9
is
understood.
we
yourself and army, to SeringapatamJ^"^ whither
by
Repair straight, ourselves are pro-
ceeding.
LETTER STo
BuDEEA uz ZuMAN, Taalv KDAR of TVasaaey.
You
*'
Avrite,
Hu scoTAH
the pay abstracts of
*'
[conceiving the
ofiice to
" and improper person
Kiaidachdr,
tlie
be in
in the
Ciitwdl being inchided in
rests
the
disposal]
his
Kilaaddr
of Hdscotah
had placed a very low
Cutwdtij, to the great detriment of the
business of your department."
removal of the Cutwdl
dated 6th
;
(\5th September.^
that in consequence of the
*'
"
CXXIII.
It
known.
is
with you
:
you
will,
The appointment and therefore, replace [as
you propose] the former Cutwdl, and taking the payment of stipend
upon
yourself, see that
We
business of the Sircar.
the subject of the
Ciitivdl,
his
monthly
he applies himself with diligence to the
have written to the aforesaid Kilaaddr on
whose appointment, we have
told hini,
is
to
depend upon you.
(1) Original
(2)
Though
pondence, yet
Tippoo was
iijJj»-
has been already explained.
the
name of
it is
sometimes, as
at this
not appear) in
^vliicli
ilic
time
at
this citv is in
most commonly written Piitn llironghout the corres-
the |>resent instance, written
Banga/ore, to uliich place
beginning of beptember.
lie
tD.^Cy
had repaired
(Fur
.^
Sirirung-puttu
what purpose does,
SELECT LETTERS OF
16(T
LETTER CXXIV. To Ali Rajah Beeby
What
;
you have written,
Meer
rupees to
relative to
your having paid twenty thousand
Zyniil Aabideen, the Foujddr of Zuferdhdd,
You must, in like manner, Upon your arrival at the
Stood, and meets our approbation.
the remaining balance due by you.
we
(ISth September.^
dated 9th TVAs^aey.
will personally state all matters to you.
Tillicherry
the Taaluk of that refuge of chastity .O you
under-
discharge Presence,
situated near
is
will, therefore, regularly
may [from
transmit to us whatever intelligence you
is
time to time] be able
to procure from thence.
OBSERVATIONS. Ali Rajali
Bceby was the same
whom
person,
Queen of Cannanore, of which petty
India, sometimes dignified with the title of state she
was the hereditary
became tributary
Malabar
to the
to the English,
ruler.
I
am
ignorant, at
Mysore chief: but by the
the English, in the west of
it
continued so
partition treaty of 1792;
when
all
the rights and
Company.
Ali Rajah Beeby was a treated
the cession of
till
were transferred to the
authority claimed by Tippoo Sultan in that province,
East-India
what period Cannanore
Mabommedan
;
by the Sultan with somewhat more
and on
account, perhaps, was
this
distinction
and
accustomed to show to his other tributaries in Malabar.
lenity,
He
than he was
would not seem,
however, to have succeeded in his endeavours to conciliate her good-will, or to inspire her with confidence in him.
This
fact
is
deducible from the constant
repugnance, which she evinced to complying with his desire of seeing her at
Seringapatam
;
and which
will appear,
on more than one occasion,
in the course
of the subsequent correspondence. (1) Original
women.
»\y yz
-i°.''-
which as well as
»\y
_::
-f-r"
is
a
common form
of address to
TirPOO SULTAN.
161
LETTER CXXV. To BuRHA^fLDDEI;^'
[After
;
dated \Oth
(19th September.^
authorizing him to entertain in his service a Hind'wij MUnshj,
the letter proceeds as follows] It appears, that
followers
Wasaaey.
:
swords and
let
Kala Pundit
[therefore]
shields,
:
attended by ten or twelve [armed]
is
a hundred
men
of the Usknr, armed with
be sent [to his habitation or quarters], with instruc-
tions to close in with the party, and, overpowering, seize
The
aforesaid Pundit, together with his adherents,
on the whole.
must then be
dis-
patched to the Presence, as before directed.
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter
is
little
more than
a repetition of Letter
same person, and written only two days
before.
Such an
CXX,
addressed to the
early rc-iteration of his
orders on the subject, strongly marks the impatience of the Sultan to get possession of his victim.
LETTER CXXVIj To
Mahommed Ghyas
und Noor
I
TVAsAAEY.
You
will
shall give
Mahommed Khan
;
dated 14th
(23d September.^
proceed from thence to the Presence, whenever the minister
you your dismission.
Y
On
SELECT LETTERS OF
162
On
anniversary of the Dushorrah,^^^ you will distribute
the
the Hindoos, composing your escort, a goat to every ten the aimiversary of the festival of Zilhijjehp the like
among
the
Musulmans of your
men
;
among and on
number of goats
party.
LETTER CXXVII. To Syed Ghuefar
;
dated
from Seringapatam,
^'Jth
JVasaaby.
(6th October.)
Your
a
letter, inclosing
been received.
What you
We
shall
and confinement
write, respecting the seizure
in irons of the said Pundit
proved.
of the arms of Kala Pundit, &c. has
list
and
shortly direct
his adherents,
is
understood and ap-
you to repair to our Presence
what business you have
quick, therefore, in dispatching
:
be
there.
OBSEllVATIONS. This fate I
(1)
the last occasion on whicli Kala Pundit
is
know nothing
A
Hindoo
:
festival,
but
it
may be
the
is
This
a
(2)
is
called Bukr-eed
it
occurring at the close of the rainy season.
a manner peculiar to themselves
campaign
mentioned.
safely conjectured, that
the native armies of India usually take the festival in
is
;
field.
which
The Mahrattahs is,
Of
his ultimate
was not a mild one.
It is at this
period that
are said to celebrate this
by destroying a
village, to denote that
opened.
Mahommedan
festival, celebrated
and Eeduz-zohd.
It is
on the tenth of Zilhijjeh, and commonly
commemorative of the
sacrifice of Isaac.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER
CXXVIII.
To Zynul Aabideen Shoostry
Your
letter
163
same Date.
;
How
has been received.
came
(6th October.') that notwithstanding
it,
your knowledge of the rainy season, you did not take KiindUehs^^^ with
you
This circumstance occasions us great surprize.
?
Let the grain,
furnished by such of the Byots as have submitted to your authority, be
paid
On
for.
the other hand,
let
that belonging to those Ryots
who
have adopted a rebellious course, be plundered, and applied to the use of your army.
Let
assistance be afforded to
Lucheram, the Huzdry.
OBSERVATIONS. The
person to
known
Alluni, so well 1
do not know
whom
at
the foregoing letter
addressed was a brother of
as minister for English affairs at the court of
what period he engaged
in the service of
Aabideen, though occasionally
would appear
to
He
employed by the Sultan
have been principally esteemed it
111
original
tlie
however, to think, tents.
Tlic
construction (2)
in situations
supposed
He
was
some description of
word frequently occurs, and I
tlic
I
also the author
of trust,
qua-
of the
his valuable
History can obtain no explanation.
meant
I
ain inclined,
perhaps bell-tents, or storecontext every where seems to warrant the
tunts
is
:
hiivc hinted at.
See observations on Letter
Zynul
under the
2
UjJjc^ a term of wliicli
tli,it
but I
;
literary
'*'
Tuwdreekh, mentioned by Colonel Wilks^ in the Preface to
Y (1)
Tippoo Sultan
was who composed the Futhdf Miijdhideen,
immediate direction of the Sultan himself. Sitltdne
for his
Meer
Hyderabad,
no intercourse, of any kind, subsisted between the brothers.
believe, that
lifications.
is
XC, where some account
of this work
is
given.
164
SELECT LETTERS OF
History of Mysore
:
but this work appears to have been
rhetorical amplification of the Sultatis
The
own Memoirs,
we
a
as far as the latter went.
reproof given to Zynul Aabidecn, in the present dispatch,
extreme, compared with the invectives which
more than
little
is
shall hereafter see
mild in the
bestowed upon
him.
LETTER CXXIX. To KuMRUDDEEN
;
from Seringapatam.
dated 29 fh TVasaaey, (8th October.}
Your
letter,
informing us of your arrival with your army on the
banks of the Tunghudrah,^^^ and of your intention to repair speedily to the Presence, has been received.
and order things
may
such a manner [on
all
therefore,
the
as
four quarters,
hasten your arrival here
know]
is
Kiirpah,
employ some of the Ji/ske troops to look
desertions
may happen,
head the utmost care and
;
march], that no desertion
youi*
take place from your army, which [you
from
no
in
You must
composed of men
You
&c.
must,
them, so that
after
but the whole join us in safety.
On
this
strictness are necessary.
OBSERVATIONS. It
would appear, from
this
and other
letters
in the present collection, that
desertions were frequent in the armies of the Sultan It is probable,
native armies of India.
:
but so they are in
however, that the
evil
all
the
might be experienced
(1) 1
am
at a loss
that Kumi-adcleen had
how
to reconcile
begun
tliis
letter with Letter
to cross the Tungbiidra,
as the beginning of September.
on
his
CX, by which way
it
would appear
to Seringapatam, so early
TIPPOO SULTAN. rienccd, in a peculiar degree,
by Tippoo
Sultan, since he
by
in the habit of occasionally recruiting his ranks
which
I
am
165
not aware that any other example
is
would seem
forced levies
to be found
;
among
to have been
a practice, of
the princes or
states of India.
LETTER CXXX. To Zynul Aabideen, jBvktshy^^^ of Ehsham,
HiSAR -p^ same
Your ydr^''^
letter,
Date.
stating the insolvency of
&c., has been received.
at
Fvrrv ku-yJb
(8th October.^
tlie
What was
late postmaster(^)
of
Mdnd
necessary to be said, regarding
the above-mentioned postmaster, as well as the postmasters o{ Mankully ^^^
was heretofore written
at the greatest length.
It
should not have acted conformably [to those
wonderful that you
is
directions
:]
but that,
instead of doing so, you should repeatedly address us on the subject,
pursue [in
this
manner] your own
For the
fancies.
and
you must not
future,
write to us on such matters, but conduct yourself agreeably to our former orders.
(1) Tlieic
appear to have been diniient descriptions of Buktshies.
Kushoons were a if
sort of commissariss
not to the Bisdladur, or
The
of the Sipahddr.
commandor
Buktshies of
Tlie Buktshies of
and paymasters, and were subordinate of a battalion. tlic
Tlic
Ehshdin and
Mcer
JjjsJic
Btiktslnj,
were,
I
to the Sipahddr,
however, took rank
believe,
tlic
superior
officers of those corps, respectively.
(2) ChittUdoorg. (3)
Original a]lj<^^l which
(4) I
may (5)
1
conjecture to
mean a
postmaster.
do not understand this term, or proper name, whichever " late postmaster of Malabar."
be, the
This
may
be intended for Ilurpunhully.
it
may
be
:
but the meaning
SELECT LETTERS OF
166
LETTER CXXXI. To ZiNUL Aabideen Shoostrv; dated Serixgapatam,
QOth
ZuBURJUDY.
Ahmed Baig
has been dispatched [to you], and other troops will
sue, exterminate, or
take refuge.
October^)
In the mean while, you must not remain
shortly follow.
\st
make
You must
idle,
but pur-
prisoners of the rebels, wheresoever they
may
also quickly inform us of the state of the rains
in that quarter.
LETTER CXXXII. To the same; dated 3d Zubvrjudy.
(\2tk October.^
Your letter has been received, and its contents are duly understood. What you write, concerning your operations [against the enemy] your ;
want of gunpowder and grain
;
the violence of the rains
;
and,
lastly,
your opinion, that though ten more Kushoons were to be sent thither nothing could be effected, unless vVe ourselves should proceed in person to that quarter, in
which
All this
speedily accomplished.
You
case,
have with you
fifteen
you think, that every thing would be is
known.
hundred bundles of gunpowder,
thirty
rounds of ammunition, and two thousand men of the t^*/ie. That you should not, with such a force, have
made any
effort to chastise
the enemy, but
should be waiting for our arrival, occasions us the utmost amazement, is
utterly irreconcileable with [every idea of] courage,
strong suspicion of absolute cowardice [in you]. case,
two hundred Jyshe would be
fully
and warrants a
If this were not the
adequate to the suppression of
this revolt .('>
We (
) 1
TIic original has
it,
'<
the chasti'serneut of the
to avoid the perpetual recurrence of the
enemy
same phrase.
:
" but
I
have rendered
it
as above,
TIPPOO SULTAN.
We
167
uniting your force with that of
Meer
Zynul Aabideen, the FouJddrP you do together exert yourselves
in tlie
therefore
order,
that,
You
signal chastisement of the Koorgs.
must, in particular, be careful,
that your people do not disperse, and, by this means, expose themselves to be cut
That country
off.
is
Collect together such of the
populous.
inhabitants as are well disposed to our government,
and giving them
encouraging assurances, buy their grain, and distribute troops.
As
to the rebels
among your
it
among them, you must pursue them whereso-
ever they can be found, and chastise
them
effectually.
OBSERVATIONS. Strong as the censure, conveyed in the preceding presently be seen, that the
nate
full
commander was not yet
undoubtedly
letter,
measure of the Sultaiis anger against
Vide Letters
dealt out.
CXXXVI
and
is,
it
will
this unfortu-
CXXXV II.
LETTER CXXXIII. To
Mahommed Ghyas omZNooR Mahombied Khan
j
sa7ne
Date.
(\2th Odober.}
Your
letter
has been received.
What you
write,
having made up and delivered to your followers new is
understood, and meets our approbation.
respecting your
flags,
You must
banners, &c.,
take care, that
the ^regular] infantry, attached to your escort, perform their exercise regularly.
You must
not, hoivever,
expend any powder on these occa-
sions
Noor (2) Tlie
appointment of
by the Sultan
liimscif in
liis
this Zyniil Aiibidccii to tiic
Memoiis,
of that district, in the year 1184.
It
Foujddnj of Zuferdbdd
look pluco on the
(iist
is
mentioned
subjugation and settlement
SELECT LETTERS OF
168
Noor IMaliomnied Kh4n being
indisposed,
would be highly improper
it
Under
that you should, at such a time, be separated. stances,
you must take up your residence
and exert yourself for charge
his recovery.
In
same place with him,
in the
fine,
you must, conjointly,
the duties of attachment and fidelity that you
all
these circum-
owe
dis-
to us.
LETTER CXXXIV. To
You
Ghulam Hyder
;
same Date.
(12 th Oetoher.')
write for instructions, with regard to the prices at which you
should buy certain articles for our
your purchases accordingly.
use,(') in
order that you
may
regulate
Old age has certainly made havock on your
understanding, otherwise you would have
known
that the Mida^uddies
here are not the proper persons to determine the market prices there. is
the Miitusuddies there, and the instructions given to
Dewdny Kuchurry, and
this
Seek the necessary
head, which should be referred to on this occasion. information from the
them on
It
act accordingly.
LETTER CXXXV. 2o Burhanuddeen; dated 4th Zvburjudy.
Your is
letter
needless
army
:
;
we
has been leceived.
while
it is
(I3th October.^
Your longer continuance
also productive of the ruin
at
NergUnd,
and destruction of your
therefore write, to desire^'*) you will remove with your forces
into the country of Kittoor,
abundance.
where forage and gram
will
be found in
Let orders be given to the Kilaaddr of NergUnd,
the necessary repairs to the
to
make
fort.
The (1)
The
articles are specified
(1*) Literal)}',
"
it is
iti
the original, but
I
cannot make them ont.
therefore written that you," &c.
TirroosuLTAN.
169
troops of the Uskur,^^'> and others which have been sent [ostensi-
The
bly] to forage at T>hdnv(lr,
disorder and disputes
these
:
in fact,
are,
men must,
stationed there only to create
be recalled.
therefore,
The
place in question aj)pertains to the cavalry foragers, and not to you [or to
your people,]
What you
Do
of the assembling of the enemy's forces,
say,
you keep your mind
Thousands of
this
known.
is
and entertain no apprehensions.
collected,
kind of 2>cople are [constuni/i/^ coming; and going^.
OBSERVATIONS. It will
be seen, hereafter, that the real object of the Sultan, in directing Bur-
hanuddeen supjjlies,
The
to
remove
his
camp
to Kiftoor, was not to facilitate the procuring of
but to obtain possession of that place.
indifference, if not contempt, with
movements of the Mahrattah army, which he always that nation.
opinion. sion
either actually held,
Of
With
is
the
Nizdms
which the Sultan here speaks of the
strongly expressive of the low estimation in
or affected to bold, the military character of
troops he certainly did not entertain a
respect to the English,
it is
hardly credible that, with the impres-
which the successes obtained over him by Lord Cornwallis must necessarily
have produced, he should really have thought so meanly of them, the sentiments he has
left
on record, he would appear
period posterior to the war of 179I-2.
from
more favorable
baffled ambition, or even
him
conduct, might have led
as, to
to have done,
judge by even at a
Spleen, arising from disappointed hopes,
from a narrow policy, such
and perhaps
to write,
as usually regulated his
also to speak, in a
more
paraging strain of his European neighbour and antagonist, than accorded
with his inward conviction or feeling.
among the most prominent passions, seconded
by the
jC-c
is tlic
Sultan ajiplicd
tiic
Arabic o(
features of the
flattery of the
J^
Sidtans mind
:
former term, exclusively, to his regular troops. tlic
but however those
people surrounding him, might encourage
and both words signify an army
the regular cavalry, and the Piddch'Uskur
strictly
Arrogance and vanity were, undoubtedly,
Z (2)
dis-
regular infantry.
him in
general: bnt Tippoo
The Swwdr-uskur were
SELECT LETTERS OF
170 him
to believe himself superior in
military. skill
and prowess
to the English,
seems impossible that his infatuation should have been so great, in reality,
them
it
him,
as to inspire
with that contempt, which he occasionally professed to entertain for
as rivals in arms.
LETTER CXXXVl. 7b Zynul Aabideen Shoostry; dated 5th Zubvrjudy. (\Ath October.')
Your
letter
has been received, and the particulars therein stated are
fully revealed. It appears,
from the tenor of
all
the letters which have successively
reached us from you, that you have conceived a mortal dread of the accursed tribe [to which you are opposed].
This being the case, neither
the chastisement of the worthless crew, nor the proper settlement of our affairs [in
we
therefore direct,
command
to Periapatatiiy
that quarter], can be expected from you
that you proceed, with the force under your
and there remain
[till
:
further orders].
LETTER CXXXVIL To
the
same ; dated from Seringapatam, 6th Zuburjvby, (I5th October.)
Ilour two ceived,
letters,
of the 2d and 5th of Zuhurjudy ,^^^ have bee;i re-
and their contents are duly understood.
wdnehs, one for the
Aumil
We
enclose two
of Htjbutpoor, the other for the
Pur-
Aumil of
Koondnoor^ (1)
If
there
is
no mistake
in these dates,
the communication between Seringapatam
and
thesceiicot" ZynQl Aabidgeii's operations must have been quick and uninterrupted, and the distance not considerable.
TIP POO
TAN.
S 11.
171
Koondnoor, directing them each to dispatch a thousand goonies of
You
to that person of n)ighty degree/^) to their address dispatcli the
same
hutpoor, the
Aumil of which
Of
forward these Purwdnchs
on receiving the two thousand goonies of grain,
and,
;
uill
Your wounded you
to Zuferdhdd.
are to send to Hij-
place has been written to respecting them.
the two surgeons with you, one must accompany the
Hyhutpoor
A
grain'-)
wounded
to
the other will remain with you.
:
hundred
have been sent to you from the Presence
Clashie^*^
musket-cartridges,
forty-eight thousand
in their cartridge-boxes,
it,
besides
fifteen
thousand spare cartridges,
You
together sixty-three thousand cartridges.
a
Your
tliousand bundles of cartridges have likewise been dispatched.
detachment took with
:
write,
making-
" that you have
*'
not remaining more than from fifteen to twenty cartridges in each
**
cartouch-box
" at this rate, the expenditure of cartridges has been
IVe are curious
very great.
many of
:
the
number of
enemy have been
cartridges.
great numbers of the is
We
desire
you
will inform us,
of your
men
enemy must have been
in the FuthilV 3Idjdhideen, the
should, at the
killed
and wounded.
whose pen was employed
mode of making war
moment of your being
in
in describing,
a close and
yourself engaged in
had carried on your operations according to those
never have sustained the
loss
you have
Z (2)
I
do not know the amount of
tli'is
amount of
being wounded, no doubt
conducting a similar warfare, have forgotten the rules there If you
how
sent to hell, by the expenditure of such a
truly wonderful, that you,
woody country,
and
also desire to be informed of the
One hundred
the rebel force.
It
to kno^v,
rules,
laid
down.
you would
done.^^>
With
2
weight or measure
:
the Goonies, or Gunnifs, are
bags made of a sort of hempen cloth.
would appear
(3)
This
(4)
Men employed
(5)
reader
title
about
to
tents,'
have been appHcd,
in
tliis
place, rather snceringly.
&c.
For an extract from the FiithuV Miijahideen, containing the rules here spoken is
referred to
Appendix,
I.
of,
tlii?
SELECT LETTERS Or
IJ2
With
respect to your reiterated representations of the expediency of
repairing-, in person, to that quarter,
our
we
shall shortly arrive there
trust
wc
you are about
down
in the
FuthiW
(God wilHng)
and destroy the enemy.
and other
supplies, to
march according
to the rules
to proceed with grain,
Ziiferdbdd, be mindful to regulate your laid
that
with an inco7isideroble force, with which we
shall be enabled utterly to kill
Now that
we answer,
^Jiij'dhideen for operations in
and to conduct the convoy, with circumspection,
to
its
a close country j
destination.
OBSERVATIONS. It
may be
inferred,
from the foregoing dispatch, that Zynul Aabideen had
received rather a serious check from the Koorgs.
more
support, from the circumstance of the Sultans judging
ceed in person against the insurgents. ing what force he actually took with to
This conjecture derives the
make
so li^ht of the business,
to hazard
I
is
this occasion
;
but though he affected
not probable that he would put any thing
by proceeding against such a determined enemy with
able force.
I
am
necessary to pro-
have, at this time, no means of ascertain-
him on
it
it
a very inconsider-
ignorant of the sequel of Zynul Aabideen's history.
It
is,
however, probable, that the Sultan did not again entrust him with the management exercise of his pen. of the sword, but confined him, for the future, to the It
seems impossible, that any thing,
like that nice sense of
distinguishes persons of a liberal education,
army
profession, should have existed in an
government) the superior
officers of
their sovereign in such coarse
honour which usually
and particularly those of the military (or indeed
in
any other branch of a to be
which were accustomed
and degrading language,
as that
if
any,
men
of superior birth or elevated sentiments
have appeared amongst the higher classes of his subjects.
by
adopted by Tippoo
of their conduct Sultan in expressing his occasional disapprobation few,
addressed
;
accordingly,
were ever known
These
classes,
to
in fact,
origin, and mere advenwere almost exclusively composed of persons of humble having been trained in implicit submission to the will of a cruel and
turers
;
who
unprincipled
TIPPOO SULTAN.
173
unprincipled tyrant, could not be expected to exhibit any portion of that loftiness
which
of spirit or generosity of disposition,
Moghul empire
descendants of the ancient nobility of the
them spurn
any
at
Tippoo
It
was not so with the nobles
They
Sultan's court.
the irmaster
;
were, on
tainly without remonstrance, and,
But however
been wanting in
With
which they thought
or with the obligations of
nobles they might be called) of
to murder,
betray, and pillage, cer-
men may have been
the species of
iu
and honor which we have been considering, they would not appear
spirit
fidelity to his
this last sentiment, it
make
still
most probably, equally without repugnance.
order of
deficient this
genuine
occasions, the passive instruments of
all
whose nod they were used
at
(if
of the
and would
;
by whomsoever commanded,
action,
incompatible with their habitual notions of honour, family pride.
many
adorn
still
to
have
government, not to say attachment to his person.
was not, perhaps, in the nature of things, that a
of his harsh and unconciliating disposition should he capable of inspiring
man
them
:
°^
but their general character of loyalty must be allowed to have been unimpeachable.
To what
degree this adherence to
gratitude,
is
a question
him might proceed from
No
not easy of decision.
doubt,
a real sense of duty and
some of
his principal
might have been, and probably were, influenced by such motives
servants
am of opinion,
confess, I
that
the precautions adopted defection
occurred
engaged.
It
it
was owing
by the Sultan
among them,
permanently
in
trust,
became impossible.
eflect of
been prompted,
all
diflferent
fix
by
confirming the
wars in which he was
discontent,
and others
the residence of their families
This expedient
fidelity of
I
that so few instances of
the chief oflicers of state, to
yet,
of this kind,than to
Seringapatam ; from whence their removal, without
and concurrence, have had the
for its prevention,
during the
was his practice to oblige
holding employments of material
less to considerations
:
may
his knowlcd'fe
be easily conceived to
many, who might
otlierwise
or other reasons, to quit Mysore.
miserable policy answered the Sultan's immediate purpose,
it
also
But
have
if this
promoted one, which
(C) '*
It
very
himself
"
has been affirmed by some, tliat Tippoo Sultan was in conversation " rcmarliably and entertaining " but I liave strong doubts of the correctness of this statement.
It
lively
;
ill
in
acconis with
one of
iiis
'«
liis
general ciiaracter,
Dreams," wiierc he
entir into pia) ful discourse widi any one."
and
is,
ni
distinctly says,
sunjc measure,
"
that
it \v
contradicted by not his custom to
174
SKI
Avhich he
little
ECT LETTERS OF
contemplated at the period of
settlement of Tippoo Sultan's dominions so
much,
its
adoption.
The
by the English, was
as the circumstance of the families of
final
conquest and
facilitated
by nothing
most of the principal men of the
country having fallen into their hands, along with the fortress of Seringapatam.
LETTER CXXXVIII. 2o KuMRUDDEEN Khan; dated 9th Zuburjudy. Desiring him to the Presence
to repair with his
army,
(18th Ocfobei:^
expeditiously as possible,
as
and signifying, that the design of reducing Adoni
:
loas
dropped.
OBSERVATIONS. This dispatch was not vations
in
my
on Letter XCII, or
enterprize, there spoken of
more confidence than this enterprize
the foregoing
I
I
recollection, at the
time of
my writing my obser-
should have been inclined to refer the iveighty
by the Sultan,
then thought
it
to a meditated attack
right to do.
It
now
upon Adoni, with
clearly appears, that
had certainly been in his contemplation, previously to the date of
letter,
and very probably
as far
back as the end of July.
attempt was dropped at this time, cannot now be
satisfactorily
shown
:
Why
but
it
is
the
not
improbable, that the necessity which arose, for his directing his attention to the
Koorg
quarter,
might have obliged the Sultan to suspend the execution of his
purpose for some time longer.
LETTER CXXXIX. To Zynul Aabideen Shoostry;
dated lOth Zuburjudy.
(19 th October.^
Announcing
to
him the intended
arrival of the Sultan, in person, [at
Zuferdbdd'], after the festival of Zilhijjeh; but desiring that the circum-
stance should not be
made
public.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
17^
LETTER CXL. To
Mahommed Ghyas
Noor Mahommed Khan
and
ZuBURJUDY.
What flags
dated
'Jth
(\Qth Octohe)'.^
you write, on the subject of having made up and delivered new
and banners to your people,
Noor Mahommed Khan must
is
understood and approved.
see, that
your
men
same
reside together in the
You and place,
What more
display your zeal in our service on all occasions.
must
;
?
and
You
regularly perform their exeicise, but without
using gunpowder.
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter is nearly a transcript of
Other instances of the
before.
letter
CXXXIII,
written only four days
like repetition occur in the course of this corres-
pondence.
The
injunction against expending
powder on the
field
days of the escort,
may have
proceeded either from an economical motive, or from an apprehension that the use of it,
in the city of Pooiiah,
can be
little
at
Poonah,
humour
to the contrary, it
There
doubt, that this would have been the consequence of such a military
display, in the present his orders
to the Mahrattahs.
might have given umbrage
it
of that government is
:
and
notwithstanding
as,
all
very certain that he wished his agents to remain
behoved him the more
to
beware of furnishing the ruling power
there with any fresh ground of complaint or irritation.
LETTER CXLL 2y Burhanuddeen; dated I3th Zuhuiijudy.
Directing him again
('^
to
remove with
his
(22d October.^
army
into
the
Kittoor
country, and to report to the Sultan the state of affairs in that quarter.
TeUing (1)
Sec Letter
CXXXV.
SELECT LETTERS
1J6
thai after receiving an order
Telling him, also,
must he careful
OF'
conformity with
to act in
from the Presence,
lie
it.
OBSERVATIONS. The concluding
sentence of the foregoing abridged dispatch
biguously expressed in the original. for the general's not
for that purpose
;
It
may
it
somewhat am-
might either have beeu meant
having marched to Kittoor,
or
is
in
as a rebuke,
pursuance of the former orders
have signified, that he was to be prepared to execute
such future directions as the Sultan might send him immediately upon the receipt of the same, Kitloor.)
''
(contemplating, I incline to
probably, the subsequent orders of
prefer the latter interpretation.
LETTER To
Mah Mirza Khan
The Governor
of
"
desire,
"
aflbrd protection
*'
of the latter district."
written to us,
the
You
Khan, who has been
that, agreeably to
Zeminddr of Piinganoor, or
We
our
to
any people
therefore direct, that you give no disturb-
ance to the country of the English, been sent upon.
''
(23d October.^
orders to the Taalukddrs of Sdtghur not to
strict
to
CXLII.
dated lAth Zubvrjudy.
;
Madras has
he has sent
the subject of
but pursue the business you have
will be speedily joined
sent with his
Kushoon
by the Sijjahddr,
Imam
to reinforce you.
OBSERVATIONS. The
Sultan would appear to have been put into better humour than usual with
the English, by the ready compliance of the government of Fort St. George with the application he had
made
to
it,
respecting the
Zeminddr of Punganoor.
He
drops, (1) See Letter
CXLVII.
1 w*.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
^//
disrespectful appellation of Fringy, and (grounding drops, in the present letter, the
his order, as
it
on the British governor's amicable conduct)
were,">
Mirza Khan not
to give
any disturbance to the English
(See Letter
appointment to proceed against Oaljnlly.
LETTER To Ehsanullah I^han
You
to
same order was issued
collected, however, that the
this
It
officer,
Mah
will
be re-
on
his first
CXIX.)
CXLIII.
dated I8th
;
territory.
directs
Zubvrjvdt
(27th October.')
of] Usud-Illu/es, as many
will put into [or enroll in the corps
Hindoos, mate and female, as are willing, of their own accord, to enter into the
same
:
and you
then transmit a return of them to us,
will
it
being our intention to augment their pay.
OBSERVATIONS. Whether
the
here mentioned,
Usud-Ilhyes,
Ahmedies, spoken of
in Letter
XLII,
were a distinct body from the
or whether this was only another appellation
for the latter corps, I
am
separate institutions
but that both were military, and both composed of prose-
lytes to the
there
is
text, to
;
unable to say.
Mahommedan
faith,
I rather think,
though of
however, that they were
different descriptions.
Isldmism
:
but
I
think the context, as w ell as the
Mahommedan
dition of their incorporation with the Usud-Illiyes.
Lion, or the Lion of God,
name
religion,
true, that
name
;
calling
it,
given them,
suffici-
was a necessary con-
This term
signifies the
Divine
and was one of the appellations bestowed on Ali.
has been already seen, thatTippoo sometimes designated his this
is
nothing distinctly said of the conversion of the Hindoos, mentioned in the
ently shows, that their embracing the
by
It
own
state, or
occasionally, the Sircar Unsud-llhye; as well as
It
country,
Ahmedy,
Hydery, and Khoddddd. 2
(1)
"
We therefore direct,"
&c.
A
It
SELECT TETTERS OF
1/8 It has struck
me
as possible, that the
Ahmedies might have consisted exclusively
of Christian converts (including the native Christians of Alalabar or Canard), and
the
Hindoo
Usud-Il/ii/es of
proselytes only.
It vrill
be easy for any of
my
Indian
readers to ascertain what grounds there are for this conjecture.
With respect to that
it
the order for enrolling
referred to the wives of such
into the corps
the corps,
:
it is
why
but
women among the
men
a
clothed in the
might qualify themselves
they should have been enrolled, as
No
not easy to comprehend.
regiment in the service of Tippoo Sultan
Nlzdm had
as
Usud-Ilhyes,
;
one ever heard,
though
it is
I
conclude
for admission
if
constituting part of
I
believe, of a female
a certain fact, that the late
body guard composed of women^, armed with muskets, and partly
manner of Sepoys.
LETTER CXLIV. To Rajah
Ram Chundur
That which is
;
dated 19fh Zvbvrjuvy.
contained in our instructions, respecting the transactions
of the Sun'dfs [or money-brokers,] irrevocable] decree,(')
great or
(28th October.^
is
to be considered as
an absolute [or
according to which you must act in
all
matters,
small.^^^
LETTER CXLV. To
the
Governor of Pondicherry
dated ^Ist Zvburjvdy.
;
(30th October.)
Desiring him
to send
back to Madras
[i. e.
to dismiss] the
news-writer residing at Pondicherrt/ [on the part either of the
Brahmen Nabob
of
Arcot, (1)
Original
(2) Original
j:^*.
J^jjf-
" particular and geueraL"
TIPPOO
U
S
Arcot, or the English government]
;
LTAN.
1/9
and signifying the Sultans wish,
to purchase [at Pondicherrif] seven or eight thousand firelocks.
OBSERVATIONS. by the Sultan
Tlie objection taken
Madras
at
the residence of a news-writer from
to
Pondlcherry, could proceed only from an anxiety
English Government from obtaining information, from the
prevent the
to
correspondence he was at this time carrying on with the French. application, as the one here recorded,
government
at the
probably have led
period
it
had come
was made,
it
to the
If such
an
knowledge of the British
would certainly have
and
justified,
Yet
the gravest suspicions of the Sultans designs.
to,
the
latter place, of
would
it
not appear, that any doubts were entertained, at the period in question, of his disposition to maintain the peace, I
which he had not long before concluded with
us.
have no means of ascertaining, whether the Sultans request to the Frencli
governor, respecting the news-writer, was complied with or not. ever, likely
that
it
was
;
since the governor could have
reason for a proceeding, so unusual
among
It
assigned
not,
is
how-
no plausible
friendly powers in India.
LETTER CXLVI. To Meer Zynul Aabideen, and Ahjied Baig, Sipahdar 22d ZvisvRJVDY.
Directing them dhdd
;
to dispatch four
dated
(31*/ October.^
hundred Goonies of grain to Zufer-
and to leave a gun and guard^') from each of their divisions at
Hyhutpoor, from whence the Sultan would bring them on arrived there, which
would be soon, as he had that day
2 (1) Original flic.
;
j\j>^,
cJj>^
A
2
\-viz.
was the term employed by Tippoo
lie-
the L^2d
Ziahurjadij\
(yuzuk) which likewise si^nines a division, consisting of
fijiizukdiirj
when
to
denote a sentry.
six
rank and
SELECT LETTERS OF
180
Zuhurjn(hj^ entered his tents, for the purpose of proceeding against the rebels.
OBSERVATIONS. Meer Zynul Aabideen
Ahmed
Sfioostry,
was informed,
Baig had been sent to join him
by the Zynul Aabideen, named
;
so that
it is
may
also have
been omitted in the
title
of Letter
CXXXI,
probable, that he
in the title of the present letter,
addition to his name, or Shonstry, has been omitted. it
Letter
in
is
that
meant
though the usual
If omitted in this instance,
CXVII, which
see.
LETTER CXLVn. 2b BuRHANUDDEEN
Your
letter,
;
and
Novembei:')
informing us of the arrival of yourself and army near
the fort of Kittoor, has been received. s€7id
Qth
dated 29th Zvbvrjudy.
the Daisye^'>
invite
You
must, in the
of that place
to
encouraging assurances to his managing servants.
some rocket-men
first
instance,
an interview, and give
You
for the protections^) of the country.
vi'iW.
next dispatch
After the afore-
said Daisye shall have arrived at your quarters^ let the fort he occupied
by a party of the Sircar's troops.
OBSERVATIONS. If the reader should be at any loss to
preceding
letter,
his difficulty
comprehend the
will be entirely
drift of the
Sultan in the
removed, on a perusal of Letter
CLvn. I
(1) I
conceive
am it
not acquainted with the etymology, or proper meaning, of to ha» e the
same import
as
Zemindar or
Poli/gar.
Peiliaps
word; but
tiiis
tlic
am
term
I
may be
derived from Daise, the JJindivj/ for a country. (2) In the original
^IjkU- Jdniduiy,
lages, cultivated lields, &.c,
wiiicli is a
guard posted
for tlie
protection of vil-
from the depredations of the followers of an army.
TIPPOO SULTAN. am
I
ignorant of the situation of Kittoor,
however,
extremely doubtful
is
susceptible
of at
least
Captain Moor's map, miles.
The Polygar,
181
if I rightly
the characters, in which
;
a dozen different readings.
which
or Zcminddr, of Kittoor,
is
written, being
is
it
may
It
placed north-west of
is
road the name, which,
be the Kittoor of
Dhurwdr, about twenty
mentioned in the tenth
article
of the treaty of Poonah (concluded between the British government and the
Mahrattahs, in June 179^) as one of those feudatories, dependent, at the same
Poonah and Hyderabad.
time, both on the courts of
he might
the
very possible, that
Imaum of Muscat
Nabob of
as the
the treaty, just referred
in
to, to
be
CXLVIII.
dated 4th
;
A
[After compliments] Jeevviui Doss,
;
" the Nizam and the Paiahwa.
to service with both
LETTER To
is
have been among the tributaries of Tippoo Sultan
also
Shdhnoor certainly was, though declared
" subject
It
Hydehy.
(\\th Novemher.^
Dorr, the property of Rutn Jee and
merchants of Muscat, having
in these
days
[/'.
e.
lately]
been dismasted in a storm, came into Byle-Koal,^^^ a sea-port, belonging
Although,
to the Sircar.
or ruler of the place, possession of
it,
in
such cases,
it
and whatever
it
contains
;
along with this friendly
)
Name
yet, as there is
to be
uncertain
;
and
epistle.
is,
no
distinction
accordingly,
For the
rest,
above
your subjects, the vessel
togethei- with all the stores contained in
to the aforesaid merchants,
1
to be wrecked, to take
and Muscat, and as the
mentioned merchants declared themselves
(
customary for the prince,
where a ship happens
between the country of the Sircar
in question,
is
it,
now
has been restored disjiatched to you,
peace be with you.
perhaps Batcolc, on the coast of Canara.
182
SELECT LETTERS OF
OBSERVATIONS. The
word, which
and such,
I
have rendered ivrecked,
I
believe,
is its
in
some
:
But
this
since the vessel
text,
(properly so called),
it is
no where, I
or otherwise damaged, as
consequently, the Sultan has here pretended to confer a favor, where
nothing more than a right was rendered
made
(.shihust)
Then, whatever the custom may be
consider vessels, merely dismasted,
believe, usual to
wrecks
applied to a ship.
argument of the
was only damaged, not ivrecked.
countries, with respect to wrecks
in the original ui-^—Li
when
usual acceptation,
interpretation does not well agree with the in question
is
and
at his expence),
(for
we
are not told that the repairs were
having released a ship, which
laid claim to a credit for
he was not authorized, by the practice of any
civilized country, to confiscate, or
detain.
LETTER CXLIX. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and Noor
Hydery.
Agreeably
the
in
passing over to our the aforesaid
we have
forces
;
dated 1th
November.^ written to Burhaniiddeen,
event of the hat-wearer,^')
army from the
Monsieur
Tuvias,^^)
under Kislin Pundit, to advance
[hat- wearer] something to defray his expences [on the
road], and dispatch
N. B.
Q.'ith
to your suggestion,
desiring him,
Mahommed Khan
A letter,
him
of the
to the Presence.
same tenor and
date,
was written
to
Burhanuddeen.
OBSERVATIONS. The
jx;rson here
rattah service,
spoken of was probably some French adventurer in the
who may have made
overtures to the
Mysore envoys
at
Mah-
Poonak
for
deserting (1)
Original
J:^ i%
whence, perhaps, (2)
Name
tiie
for
which term the people of //tHrfw/an substitute ro/yz-wa/eA, from
word Topaz and Topazes.
uncert.iin.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
183
may have been tampered
with by them for that pur-
or
deserting to their master, pose.
Kishu Rao,
I
beheve,
commanded
the division of the Mahrattah army, which
passing the river Kishna, had advanced, towards the end of February of this year
(1785), with the ostensible view of supporting the Zeminddr of Nergiind; but
which would appear
to have very soon retired again, leaving
Burhanuddeen
Uberty to resume the siege of that place, and subsequently to reduce both
Ramdoorg, I
am
as well as to seize
upon Kittoor, without
offering
him any
and
interruption^
unable to account for the apparent inactivity of the Mahrattahs during so
many months. the Nizdm.
They
In the
were, probably, waiting to concert a plan of operations with
mean
acting on the defensive.
while, the Sultan seems to have contented himself with
It
was not, accordingly,
following year (1786), that the said to have
come
main armies
til!
the
month
of October in the
of the contending powers could be
into contact with each other, or to have entered
operations, on a large or general scale.
What had
upon
offensive
preceded, was considered mere
skirmishing; and, indeed, Tippoo himself appears, in his Memoirs after
it
at
(as will
here-
be seen), to have dated the actual commencement of the present war, from
the period
when
the Mahrattahs, in conjunction with the Nizdm, proceeded to the
Bdddmy,
attack of
LETTER
CL.
To HuKEEM, Kh.Lvo/ Shahnoor; dated 9th IIvDEnr, (16th November.^
Your
agreeable letter has been received.
" discharged
to the
amount of eighteen
" upon you] by bankers' accepted " excuse you the remaining *'
of
it
bills,
You
write,
"
that you have
lacks of rupees [of our claim
and request that we
will cither
eight lacks [due to us] or allow the
payment
to be postponed to next year." It
SELECT LETTERS OT
184 It
is
A
known.
statement of the sums, of which that friend was,
through his own negligence, defrauded by his servants, specifying the amoiuit of
each
individual's
Where, then, was the
desire
you
to us [in discharge of
bills,
the
our claims]
?
by the hands of our bankers,
wish you to send back to us immediately.^')
LETTER To
him.
remaining eight lacks of rupees, and
will also raise the
transmit the amount, in bankers'
whom we
submitted to
of making the several plunderers refund
and of paying the same
their plunder,
We
difficulty
was
malversations,
Shahnoor Waleh (7. e. \Qth Hydery.
Dispatch
to Nursia, the
the
CLI.
Nabob of Shahnoor) ;
dated
(\7th November.')
Dewdn
of Nugr, one lack of pagodas, on
account of annual Paishcush for the year Julio, ('*)and take his receipt for the same.
OBSERVATIONS. Tiie year Julio had
from granting Abdul
still
more than
Hukeem any
four
months
to run
;
consequently, so far
indulgence of the kind he had solicited, the
Sultan appears determined to make him pay his Paishcush in advance, before
it
was
or, at least,
fairly due.
The (
) 1
iMy construction of this passage
is,
Seringapatam, for the purpose of settling
had been sent from Abdul Hukeem Khftn, and of
that the bankers in question tliis
account
witii
procuring the payment of the amount due to the Sultan (1*) original
The name
of
but as
am
;
sequence,
I
I
omit
it.
tlic
IMalabar year, corresponding with Julio,
doubtful of
its
is
being written accurately, and as
.likewise given in the it
is
not of iiny con-
TIPPOO SULTAN. The
style of Letter
only the day
after)
is
CL
was tolerably
civil
:
185
that of the present letter (written
abrupt, and rudely jjeremptory.
I
cannot account for so
sudden and striking a change in the Sultans mode of address in any other manner, than by supposing that he might, received
ment
in the interval
some information, tending
to the
Mahrattah
interests
;
(though only a single day), have
to excite a suspicion of
Abdul Hakeem's
which that chieftain certainly not long
attach-
after
cm
braced openly, though, probably, driven to do so by the rigorous proceedings of his brother-in-law.
LETTER To Tltrbiyut Ali
Khan
;
Jbad.
Ordering tion,
dated lOth Hydeiiy, (^17^/t
all
To
to be put in circula-
Ram Chukdur;
CLIII.
sayne Date.
the same effect as the preceding letter
"
that no other but the
"
to pass current
(\'Jih
;
Novemher^
with this addition,
Knidardey and Hydery fanams
LETTER Hydery,
at
Muscat.
vi%.
shall be allowed
CLIV.
To MiiER Kazi3I, Darogiia, or Commercial Consul
Directing
near Zufkii-
the districts depending on Sangalore.
LETTER To Rajah
from
Novemher.^
Hydery and Kuntardey fanams
the
throughout
CLII.
(\'Jth
;
dated lOth
November.^
hiui not to dispose, hastily or immediately, of the black
pepper and sandal wood [in his charge], but to wait
2
B
till
they had attained
SELECT LETTERS OF
186
attained a desirable price.
" equalled
liis
[Literally,
"
the selling price of tliem
fill
hearths desire."^
N.B. The Sultan, not thinking, perhaps, the preceding explicit, repeated
them two days
after, in
Letter
orders sufficiently
CLVI.
LETTER CLV. the same; dated llth
To
JuzEERAH Djraz and
their
[oy
them
direct, that
two days
We
Silk-worms
in that quarter.")
wish you to procure some of
to us, together with five or six
men, ac-
such of our vessels as import at Muscat he unloaded
and that
;
is
(\Qth Nuvemher.^
mode of rearing them.
quainted with the proper
in
Island]
eggs are produced there.
both, and to dispatch
We
Long
IIydery.
their export lading of sulphur, lead, copper, &c.,
be also completed in two days, and the vessels dispatched to Mungalore. If
more than four days be consumed
you
shall be responsible
consequence].
and unlading the
vessels,
for the extra expence [that may be incurred in
You must
arrives at Muscat,
in lading
and
regularly report to us the day each vessel
also
the day on which
it
is
dispatched from
thence.
N.B.
A
separate letter to the
same person, and of the same
date, directs
him
to
engage as servants, and dispatch to Mangalore, ten persons experienced in the pearl fishery.
OBSERVATIONS. The
Sultan's distrust of the integrity or diligence of his agent
manifested
;
as is also his
own want
is
here strongly-
of reflection, in attempting to regulate, with
such (1) Jiizeerah
of Ptrsia.
Dirdz
(or
Long
Island)
is
the Kismish of our maps, and situated in the Gulf
TIPrOO SULTAN.
187
such strictness and precision, the business of loading and unloading vessels, which
must
necessarily have depended, in a great degree,
other circumstances, which
The
might not be
it
in the
weather and
state of the
power of the consul
to controul.
Sultanas anxiety to establish a pearl fishery on the Coast of Malabar, as well
as to introduce the culture of the
been very considerable; but
silk-worm into his dominions, appears to have
believe that he failed entirely in both attempts.
I
LETTER To
You black
on the
the
CLVI.
same ; dated 12 fh IIydery.
must not be pepper,
Khooshhdipoor.
in haste to dispose
and
imported
rice,
Keep them
yield a [good]] profit,
and then
sell
We sometime
;
dated
since wrote,
of the fort of Kittoor. pretext) get possession of
till
they become dear, and will
CLVIl.
\5lli
Hydery.
Q2'2d
Novemher.)
to desire that possession might be obtained
You must (no it
Muscat from Mangalore and
them.
LETTER To BuRHANUDUEEN
of the cinnamon, sandal wood,
at
carefully,
(19 th November.^
matter by what contrivance or
for the Sircar.
even should be requisite for the purpose,
let
If some degree of it
be employed
:
violence
and
let
the
present be considered as a most urgent injunction.
N.B.
Two
letters, to
the same effect as the foregoing one, were written to Syed
Iluinccd and Syed Ghuffar, both of them belonging to Biirhanuddeen's army.
2
B
2
SELECT LETTERS OP
188
LETTER 2o
the scone ; dated 16th
CLVIII. (2Zd November.^
Hybeiiy.
Your letter has been received. Keeping a strict watch^'^ upon Liichmun Rao, the brother of Sumajee Piindit/^> you must encamp with your army within gunshot of the
fort of Kittoor,
If they should
Sumajee Pundit.
come
and send
[to you]
it
will
for the
be well
Daisye and ;
you must, with the advice of Syed Humeed and Syed Ghuffar, by some means or other/^^ to obtain possession of the said
otherwise contrive,
fortress for the
Sircar.
LETTER To Meer Kazim, and
the other Commercial
1 8^/i
Having vated,('*)
CLIX.
Hyder y.
ascertained in
Agents at Muscat, dated
(25 th November.^
what part of
engage two persons in our
that country saffron
service,
is
culti-
and send them thither to
purchase one or two maimds^'^*^ of the seed, which [when procured]
is
You must also procure silk-worms, and send with some men acquainted with the mode of ma-
to be dispatched to us.
them
hither, together
whom
naging them, to
you
will
make an advance of money
for their
support.
N.B. at
A
letter, to
the same effect, was written to the Duldl (or public broker)
Muscat. (1) Original
di2i\j
(2)
Name
(3)
Original^^
uncertain.
(1*) Literally,
(2*) sists
A
xj jaj ji
niaitnd
It
" where is
to \iecp insight; to place in arrest; to put under restraint.
may
be Tiimdjee.
the seed of saffron
is
a weight or measure varying
procurable." in different countries.
ot forty seers, or about eighty pounds averdupoisc.
In Hindostan
it
con-
TIPPOO SULTAN.
189
LETTER CLX. To Meer Kazim
You
and send
are to buy yearly,
hundred
(2oth November.')
Aumil of Mangalore, a
the
to
of ahnonds, and thirty Utls of pistachio-nuts.
C7/*(')
You have
same Date.
;
still
and black pepper
[on hand], of former importations, both Sandal wood :
you
will
now
must not [immediately] expose
more of each.
receive to sale;
This stock you
but give out,
that vou have
received our orders to discontinue the sale thereof [at 3Iuscat], and to
dispatch
it
to
Juddah (where
in consequence, about to
do
keep the goods by you,
till
thirty j^^'godas [the candij,']
also
so.
we have a
Having
factory),
and that you
circulated this report, you
are,
must
the price of them advances twenty-five or
when you
them [without further
will sell
delay].
LETTER To BuDRuz
You
ZumanKhan;
have done well
in
making
CLXI.
same Date.
prisoners of the turbulent
including Kurry-tunnnah,^'*^ with their
must be detained.
With
(2Bth Novejnher.')
women and
and
children.
seditious,
These
last
respect to Kurry-tunmiah, if he be one of the
insurgents he must be suspended on a tree.
[A "
" The head of an enemy
verse.]
point of a juvelin
:
as a
path-way
is
is
best,
best
when hurled from
the
from whence the bramble
" has been rooted out." After (1)
ever,
Original Jt! that
it
is
to the present one
Name
lam
at
present unable to explain.
a term of the Sultan's invention, and that
express a Muund.
(1*)
wliich
Sec, in support of this conjecture, Letter is
given, and where the
extremely uncertain.
I
am
inclined to think,
how-
it may have been intended to CLXXII, where a similar order
word Mawid seems
substituted for Vtl.
190
SELECT LETTERS OF
After properly securing the passes, collected force, in quest of the rebels,
them
as possible.
Wc
you must proceed,
making
some time ago wrote
with your
prisoners of as
to you, desiring
many of
you would
contrive
some means of getting possession of the person of Moona
Kool
and we now again write, to say that he must be secured, by
;(")
stratagem or
women
Let a
deceit.
already
made
moreover, of the number of
roll,
men and
captives, be transmitted to us.
OBSERVATIONS The able to
commences with three
foregoing letter
make any
They appear
The
sense.
thus in
my
manuscript
so read as to be intcrijreted, "
:
going passage be understood telligible order,
employed on sense,
it
I believe,
to be addressed to
active service.
will be
literally,
On
no easy matter
an
sA)
^\s^
.^^Ji\
been Bidnore, and the
have done well, &c."
will
But
if
the fore-
appear to be a strange and very unin-
officer at the
the other hand,
if it
to assign a plausible
at this period, stationed,
districts situated
head of a body of troops be taken in a metaphorical
meaning
to
it.
Cavdaminns,
and which
I
which
suppose to have
between that and the sea coast: possibly,
by the word cardamums, the Sultan (who sometimes
affected to express
himself enigmatically) might intend to designate some particular individuals, class,
aiiKjng the refractory inhabitants of that quarter,
disposed of under ground.
It
whom
must be owned, however, that
too-^Ughtly supported to be entitled to
not
which may, no doubt, be
are a principal article of the natural produce of the country in
Budruz Zuman Khan was,
am
put [or keep] the cardamums in a pit."
You it
I
may, probably, have miswritten them.
i.::^^! j
You must
writer then proceeds to say, "
The
then,
transcriber
or four words, of which
much
consideration
;
and
or
he wished to be this conjecture I
is
shall, therefore,
being unable to suggest a better, leave the difficulty to exercise the ingenuity of
some of
my
oriental readers.
With (2)
Name
uncertain.
TIPPOO SULTAN. With letter,
I
respect to the Kurrj^-tumniah (as
am
not clear whether
However
designation.
this
it is
may
I
the proper
be,
it
191
have written
name
mentioned
it)
in this
of an individual, or an
official
seems extraordinary that the Sultan should
be under any uncertainty with regard to his being one of the seditious, or insurgents; a doubt of which would seem to be implied,
him
to believe
Zuman Khan had any
however, might be, that (f Budruz
The meaning,
by the qualifying word,
rf.
reason
been particularly Jorward or active in the insurrection, he
to have
was, in that case, to be hanged.
Budruz Zuman Khan was one of the and seems
to
principal
men
at the court of
have possessed the confidence and esteem of his master in a consider-
He commanded
able degree.'^'
at
Dhdrwdr, when
united English and Mahrattah forces, in \'JQ\
;
that place
was besieged by the
and though
it
correspondence of that period, that the Sultan was not perfectly defence of that place, yet
permanent impression
Zuman Khan,
it
may
satisfied
by the
with his
was produced on the occasion.
Budruz
and his son, Mirza Bakir, were among the chiefs of Mysore
who
and who, submitting to the British
were
liberally pensioned
;
the Sultan was, at
authoritj^,
by the Company's government.
have, in the present letter, another
Provided
appears,
from subsequent events, that no
be inferred,
to his disadvantage
survived their sovereign
We
Tippoo Sultan,
all
example of the
flagitious policy
which
times, ready to pursue, for the accomplishment of his views.
Moona Kool was
seized, he did not care
by what
atrocity that object
was
effected.
LETTER To
Write
a
the
letter to
CLXII.
same ; same Date.
Moona Kool,
(2olh November^
inviting
him
to
come
to you,
and then
seize tipon his jfci'son.
(3)
He entered into
the service of
Hydcr
Ali (according to Colonel
Wilks) in A.D. 1762.
SELECT LETTERS OF
192
LETTER
Khajeh Heratoon/') and
To Khajeh Seth, iHegible)
CLXIII.
dated 19th
;
Hydery.
" temptation "
to
(hmnes
(267 A November.^
—
We have lately learned from Khajeh
two others,
" that you have
,
it
in con-
come, with ships laden with merchandize, to our ports,
for the purpose of trading
" or Portuguese
;
and that you wish
to sail
and to obtain our special
colours,
under English
license(-) for
these
" purposes."
We
repair, in the
utmost confidence, with your merchandize, either to the
port of
you
highly approve of your intention, and desire you will
Mangalore or
shall,
articles as
to the port of Calicut
in the first instance,
we may want,
after
where landing your goods,
;
supply us, at a fair price, with such
which you
shall be at liberty to sell the
remainder at your pleasure, and to take your departure when you
We to the
like.
have accordingly written, and herewith enclose, two Punvdnehs above
effect
:
one of them to Urshud Baig Khan, the Foujddr of
and the other
Calicut, either of
to
Ghulam Hyder,
which ports you may
resort, as
N.B. Then follow the two Purwdnehs, these, the Sultan directs
an invoice, or
mitted to him on the arrival of the ships respecting the articles which he
may
the
you
Aumil
shall think proper.
referred to in the foregoing letter.
list,
In
of the goods imported, to be trans-
in order that
;
of Mangalore ; to
he
may
signify his pleasure
wish to purchase, previously to a free and It does
general sale of the cargoes taking place.
correspondence, whether or not the merchants,
not appear by the subsequent
in question,
thought proper to
open a trade with Mysore, on the discouraging condition stipulated by the Sultan.
(1)
These were Armenian merchants; but
settled.
The word
«ia-lj.
which
I
it
does not appear in what country they were
have written Khajeh,
Cojah; but improperiy, Khojah, or Cqjah, signifying to Sir, Master, &c. (2)
Original
J^
Kowl.
is
usually written and
pronounced
an Eunuch, whereas AA^/eA answers
ffi
TIPPOO SULTAN.
193
LETTER CLXIV. To B.AJ All
IIa3I
CnuNBUR
;
dated 20th
Hydzry.
Respecting a manufactory of musquets of Klidn-Khdn-hullij pull
down as
i'ignij)/,
:
which purpose,
for
(^th November.^
to be established in the Fort
if it
should be necessary to
forty or fifty houses belonging to poor people,
it
will not
they will erect other habitations in their room, within the
Paith [or outer town J.
OBSERVATIONS. No
mention being made of any compensation
demolition of their houses, is
it
may
to the
poor inhabitants for the
be concluded that none was authorized.
probable, indeed, that the houses in question were of very
little
value
:
but that
may be
consideration does not lessen the injustice of the present order, whatever
the case as to the actual hardships which
it
It
inflicted.
LETTER CLXV. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and Noor
Hydery.
You
write,
" intrigue
"
Mahommed Khan;
(28th November.^
" that the Bnthmeiis attached
[privately] with
the
dated 2\st
to your mission
managers [ministers]
there,
cabal or
indepen-
dently of you, and, by this means, occasion prejudice to our affairs."
It excites
our astonishment, that such unwarrantable proceedings should
take place, notwithstanding your being on the spot. that you do not flog
What
is
the reason
and [otherwise] severely punish the oflcnders
}
Let
us be informed what person has been guilty of this offence.
2
C
You
SELECT LETTERS OF
194
You
write for a supply of money.
money
Bills or
shall be
hereafter
transmitted to you.
We have
Rao
already replied to the letter from
Rasta,
as well as to
that from yourselves, which you sent to us by Inkut Rao.
LETTER CLXVI. To
BuDRuz ZuMAN Khan
Your
letter,
money,
cattle,
;
dated 22d
Hydery.
containing an inventory, or
and goods, ^'^ has been
money and goods upon
five
Your party having joined
You must
together.
possession of,
You must
received.
to
Ghulani
from whence a thousand Piddehs are about sence.
memorandum, of plundered
hundred of the aforesaid
a strong guard over them, send them
make
more [of the property of the
cattle
load the
and placing
;
All, at Pdlindg-tdr,^^^
to be dis])atched to the Pre-
whole
these, the
[continue to]
(29th November.')
diligent
will
proceed hither
search for,
and get
rebels].
LETTER CLXVII. To IVLvHOMMED Ghyas and Noor TIydery.
Your made
letter
at the
has been received.
We
*'
approve of the offerings you have
two Dargdhs [or shiincs].
write,
confidential
"
that
it
is
dated 25th
(2d December.)
a Bihhdnijoory dress and a Fuzee to
You
Mahommed Khan;
You
also did well, in presenting
Rao Rasta
the intention of
the day he visited you.
Ruo Rasta
person hither with letters for us."
to dispatch a
It is
known, and it
(
1
(2)
That
is,
of booty
Nuuic uncertain.
made from
the insurgents.
TI
of
secret
his
to motives of
[former]
S
Let Rao Rasta send
well.
is
it
P P O O
An
1
must attribute
this
95
in charge
proceeding'
answer to the before mentioned Rao's
A
was forwarded some time ago.
letter
servant
his confidential
We
coiiununications. friendship.
U L T A N.
bill
for
money
to
defray the expences of the people attached to you shall be sent hereafter.
You moreover "
" that the
write,
Miltumiddiesf^^^
with you have [of
assumed a most presumptuous [or impudent] mode of be-
late]
" haviour;^-^ holding separate conferences [or carrying on intrigues] " with the minister and Hurry Pundit, without your knowledge, and
"
to the prejudice of
"
this,
our
You
aftUirs."
" that you have heard
add,
both from Riio Rasta and from other quarters."
and that you, instead of punishing them
act in this improper manner, for so doing,
should complain of them to us,
is
names of the
several persons
who have
your
to be attributed to
great age, and to the climate of that place \_Poonoh'\. us the
compre-
That your people should
All this arises from your neglect.
hended.
It is
Communicate
to
been guilty of this shameful
conduct.
OBSERVATIONS. The (which
ofierings, it
licre
spoken
in question,
It
were directed to be made in a former
letter,
has not been thought necessary to give), and consisted of a coverlid, or
counterpane, of Kemkhdb, and
soniewhcrc
of,
fifty
rupees in money.
The Durguhs
where those of Hdadinudueen and Sukllnlddeen, in the vicinity of
Poonah, or
at least in the
(or shrines)
situated, I conclude,
Mahrattah
territory.
would appear, from the circumstances of Rao Rasta's determining
to
com-
municate with Tij)poo, through the medium of an agent or messenger of his own, 2
(1) In Letter
CXLV
tlicy
C
2
were designated the Drahnuns.
arc usually oi that cius^. (2) Original sj:Jj\^\ ^$jfO-
that
Tlie Mutusuddics in
ilic
Dccan
SELECT LETTERS OF
196
he was not disjjosed to open himself freely to the
that
Siiltatis
envoys
;
and
indeed, the weakness which the latter had recently manifested, in regard to the
MAtusuddies attached to their mission, was but
little
calculated to inspire
him with
confidence, either in their ability or discretion.
LETTER ZuMAN Khan
To BuDRuz
Directing him for further orders
Pdy en-Ghaut. upon
and
as follows
it.
Hydery. at
upon
to seize
as
(3d December.^
Tul-Kauvery, and to wait
from the Presence, previously
to his proceeding to the
many of
and, cutting the rice [around
The
cattle is
;
dated 26lh
to stop for four days
Also,
cattle as possible
;
CLXVIII.
the rebels and their
him], to feed his
closing paragraph of this dispatch
is
own
given entire,
:
A Purivdneh for Moona Kool to him, and consider on
is
enclosed.
Let the same be conveyed
some way of getting him
to
come
to
you
[i. e.
of getting him into your possession].
LETTER CLXIX. 2o Burhanuddeen
The
letter
;
same Date.
(3d Dccemhei'?)
you sent us has passed under our view, and
its
contents are
duly perceived.
You
write,
" that seizing on the Vakeel of the Kittoor man,
" detaining him
in custody,
under you own eye,
and
you had dispatched
" Syed Ghuflar and Syed Humeed with some troops
into the
Paith
" [or outer town], where the Daisx/e and Goornath Pundit, the ma" nager, immediately came and presented them with the keys of both **
castles,
of which,
as well as of the Paith,
instant possession
was
" taken
,
TIPPOO SULTAN. " taken by our troops."
[You proceed
197
" That the Da'mje,
to state,]
" and Tumsajee Pundit, and some others of superior " afterwards brought
" guards."
You
" ropeans], one of
" man, and one
into the victorious
furtlier
report,
whom
rides in a
called
camp, and there placed under
" that
ryots,
:
that,
and inhabitants of the
general,
*'
guards, in different places
*'
on the store-houses, such as the Tosheh-khdneh belonging-
you had stationed rocket-men, horse, and
tliat
" sioned Yunkut Runjia, the Aumil of Dhdrwdr, " measures " others
:
and
that, as soon
" communicated *'
all
together and
collecting
for
to you,
it
seals
the
to
you had commis-
to take the necessary
encouraging
as our pleasure
in
some infantry
you had put
that, for the present,
:
also
for the
districts
"
:
Eu-
e.
[/.
Palankeen, as well as the Ramdoorg
" Daisye, and placed Jyshe guards over them •
hat-wearers
five
Pedro, have been made prisoners
" protection of the town,
were
distinction,
tlie
Ryots and
on the subject should be
was your intention
to take an inventory
the effects, horses, &c. belonging to the Daisye,
under the
of in-
" spection of the managers of the Daisye, and to transmit the same to
" us It
are
for our information."
known and
is
many wealthy
persons,
last city
and
fort
possessing lacks [of rupees^
pi'oper inhabitants of the place,
which
In the town
approved.
;
[of Kitloor~\
some of them
and others belonging to Poonah, from
there are several MrUusnddies established at Kittoor, in
whose hands considerable property has been
deposited.
You
must,
therefore, by offering pecuniary rewards to the inhal)itants of the place,
endeavour, through their means, to discover the individuals alluded to
and having done the custom of
habit
tliat
so,
you must put them, likewise
in confinement.
It is
country, for the most opulent bankers to assume the
of Fakcers, and
to
make
their escape in
that disguise.^'^
Pay
particular (1) Tiiat
is,
wlienevcrdrivcnto the extremity by the violence of the times, or the injustice
of their rulers; which, according to the context, mustl)ave been customary or usual events.
SELECT LETTERS OF
198
particular attention to this point
and having duly
:
identified the prin-
cipal inhabitants of the class in question, secure their persons,
and take
care that their effects are not embezzled, as a strict account of this matter
be required of you.
will hereafter
Whosoever among the former managers of the Daisye has removed from
office,
beeii
and incurred the displeasure of the Duisije,
let
him be encouraged, and some mark of favor be bestowed upon him and, with the exception of the town and fort, superintend the collections his means,
keep the
of the country
(-)
You
obtain an account of the property
where
men and
it
station a
him be appointed
to
then ascertaining, through
the circumstances of the great ones and bankers, you will
latter in custody.
principal
:
let
;
must, also, through the same channel, of the Daisi/e, as well as that of the
^^^
other inhabitants of the place, and having discovered
You
send for and secure the same.
is,
town and
fort,
moreover,
to
and another from Syed
guard from Shaikh Unser's corps,
Ghuffur's, in the
are,
and over the Tosheh-khdneh and other
store-houses of the Daisye, to the end that no part of the effects of the latter, or
made away
Rocket-men must
with.
for the protection of the
Sending then,
you must
tell
also be stationed in proper places,
Puith [or outer town.]
in the first instance, for the
managers of the Daisi/e^
them, that you propose making an humble application to
us, to reinstate the Daisi/e in the possession of his country
enable you to do this, [previously] paid fifty
moment, be
in the disorder of the
of the inhabitants, may,
it
will be neces'sary that
down; and that
lacks of rupees,
if
:
but that, to
a contribution should be
they will, accordingly, agree to raise
and give you [due] security for the same, you
represent the case to us
;
will
and obtaining a Punudneh of confirmation
in
their
(2) Ofigiiial (.iiJrflvc
(3)
Original
Moitavndut.
^Sij Zindugy.
*
SULTAN.
T1P1>00 their
name
may,
at
the
name]
the Daisy es
e.
[/.
199
restore the place to them.
same time, observe, that such care has been taken of
country, that no injury whatever has been sustained by
them, at
and
avarice,
some
words calculated
in
Jirsf,
to inspire
as well as the
settle
goods, or bankers'
like these to excite [or
them with confidence, you
altercation, to agree to
will
their
Addressing
humour]
their
bring them, after
pay a Paishcusk; the amount of which being
manner of discharging
bills],
it.
You
you
will next,
it
[/. e.
whether in money,
by their means, send for the
concealed bankers,*^' and ascertain from these the assets in their hands;
a statement of which, specifying the several bankers' names, must be transmitted to us, to the end that the requisite orders for the restoration
of the place [to the Daisye]
may
In the mean while, you must
your own on the Tosheh-khdneh as well as
on
be subsequently dispatched to you.
affix ,
both the seal of the Daisi/e and
and other storehouses of the Daisye,
such places as contain money or goods
all
addition to which,
in deposit
:
in
some of the most trusty men of Syed Unser's and
Syed (ihuffar's Kushoons must be placed as guards over the whole.
In
regard to the horses, camels, and elephants, belonging to the Daisye^
you arc
to cause an exact account of
with the Paif/i,
latter's
;
in
in front of, but at
where they are
to be
some distance from, the Daisye
s
accompanied by their usual attendants,
with the exception of horsemen, or other military persons. are,
conjunction
managei-s, and then to have them removed from the
and placed
quarters
them to be taken,
Here they
moreover, to be provided with grain and fodder, and otherwise
taken proper care all his
managing
of,
at
our charge.
The
family of the Daisye, as also
servants, arc to be permitted to remain in their houses;
over \\hich, however, guards are to be placed, to prevent the egress of the persons in question from thence.
Let (I)
dered
Tlie it
orif^iiial
rightly.
is
licic so
obscurely expressed,
that' I
am
very doubtful of Iiaving ren-
200
SELECT LETTERS OF
Let the two
and the ditch be examined by yourself
forts
conjointly with the Sipohddrs,
be made to
and to
us.
artillery,
its
let
a report of their present condition
Transmit, likewise, a detailed account of the magazines
and
state
importance or
You
and
in person,
its
your opinion with respect to the place [that
is,
as
strength}.
will repeat to the Daisi/e
and to
his
managers, that
if
they quickly
agree to a heavy composition or contribution,^^^ and put the same in an
[immediate] train of j)ayment, their place shall be restored to them.
Enquire of the
JJuisi/e's servants,
toor,
and what number of
ment
to the actual Aumils,
present
you
;
own,
KUaaddrs
forts
it
let
contains.
us know, the extent of Kit-
Write
and continue them
in their
of encourage-
letters
Send to the
in office.
them
[or governors of forts], desiring
and [then] superseding them let
and
commands by
upon
to wait
servants of our
the forts be garrisoned by Piddehs from your army.
Obtain from the Daisyes managers
lists
of
all
the Daisyes servants,
menials and others, and then have them mustered.
The Bukfshi/ of
your cavalry must be directed to take a muster of the Daisye's cavalry, in the presence of the in question are to
Dcdsyes manager.
This being done, the cavalry
be placed in chai'ge of a particular Hisd/addr [of your
army], along with whose own corps they must be encamped. delis
The Pid-
[or foot soldiers] must, after being mustered, be consigned to the
charge of Syed Humecd, and be encamped on his not have guards openly placed over them, but a secretly kept
Next send
line.'^^
strict
They must
Avatch
is
to be
on them. for the
commanders of [the Daisye's] horse and
foot,
and
hold an encouraging language to them, by intimating your expectation of shortly receiving our orders for restoring the place [to the Duisye.']
You (5)
Oiigiial
(6) Original
^_^^x4 ^^
misl.
TIPPOO SULTAN. You
will
then proceed to
tell
them, that, in the mean while, they must
infuse confidence into their people, ters in
your camp.
and get them to take up
their quar-
This point being gained, and the troops in question
encamped with your own, commanders, independent
let
of,
guards be placed over
their brethren [or
all
the aforesaid
and separate from those [previously] posted
They must not
over the Daisyc and the others.
comrades]
be suffered to go
among
and you must supply them with such
;(')
provisions and other necessaries as they
You
20l
will take particular care, that
may
require.
no horses are allowed
to be kept
near that part of the camp occupied by the Daisye and his managers
',^^^
nor must any of his people be suffered to pass backward and forward, without your authority. of
Several persons
and opulent bankers,
consideration,
Shdhpoor, Pulkawmn,^^^ and Gokauk,
all
reside
at
three dependencies of Kittoor.
Shaikh Unser with his Kn^hoon, two Midusuddies, and two
intelligent
JIurkdrehs from the cavalry Kuchurry, together witfi two Risdlas of
some Piddehs
horse, and
The
of these places.
[foot],
principal
must be dispatched
men and bankers
to take possession
being ascertained, must
then be sent for, and the Amnils of the aforesaid places be continued in tlieir offices
letters
:
for
which purpose, you
will
transmit to them the necessary
of confirmation from yourself and the Daisye.
Shaikh Unser must be instructed to obtain from the Aumils of the before-mentioned three
TauMks
written engagements, purporting that
they will be responsible for the flight of any of the inhabitants of their respective districts.
2D (1)
Original t^jj]/
(8)
The
object of
tliis
We
order was probably to guard against the danger of the Daisyc^s
effecting his escape on liorscback. (9) Name CLXXXVI.
uncertain
;
but
probably
meant
for
tiie
Bulgong,
mentioned
in
Letter
SELECT LETTERS OF
202
We shall
oursclf shortly arrive in that quarter
by the bles&iug of God, completely
inasmuch as we have,
;
settled all the ajftairs of Ziiferdhdd.
OBSERVATIONS. The foregoing dispatch
forms one of the few exceptions, afforded by the present
collection, to the usually concise style of the
Sultans mandates.
It is diffuse
and
minute in the extreme: from which circumstance may be inferred the importance
which he attached
to the acquisition of Kittoor,
and his solicitude to turn
Lt
to
the best account.
We hear little
more of Kittoor, or of
the present Letter. chieftain, or
The
interval
Polygar, the
its
Daisye,^"' for a
was probably employed
result of
month
after the date of
in negociations
with that
which may be collected from the tenor of Letter
CCXVII. Sultan would appear to have returned, soon after the date of the preceding
The letter,
to his capital.
only notice
I
have any where met with of his proceed-
stay at Zuferdbdd, or of the
ings, during his
"
The
affairs " of that quarter, is
manner
in
which he "
contained in the brief account he has himself given of
the business, in a subsequent letter to the Patau chief of Kurnool.^"' extract,
however from
his
settled the
Memoirs,
as
it
The following
relates to a previous settlement
country in question, soon after his accession to the Musnud,
may
of the
not be unaccept-
able to the reader.
Afler a brief, but curious, account of the reduction of the
he caused a new
fortress to
be erected, to which he gave the name of 3Iu?iz}rdbdd,"'^
the Sulian proceeds thus in his narrative
(10)
With the exception
(11) See Letter
Bui country,"" where
:
of the short Letter
CLXX,
"
From
tiie scite
of one
immediatel}' following.
CXC VI.
(12) Called also 5u//(X)». (13) This fortress was erected (according to the Siiliati's which had been raised about twenty-five years before (or
A.D. 1764), by Hybut Jnng (a Khan, better known by the name of Fuz" I Khan) but which had been subsequently demolished by the liajah of Bid.
distinguisjied officer in the service of Joollah
own account) on
Hyder
Ali
"
directed,"
TIPPOO SULTAN. " From hence
" the
principal
men
from MunzirdbcUt]
e.
[/.
203
proceeded towards Koorg, some of
I
which country seeing that they were without any chief or
of
"
leader, had, at the
time that we were moving against the NazareneSy*^ chosen
**
and placed
head one of their own body
at their
" absolute power, they became obedient.
" turbances " and
and
in that quarter,
" reduced
to great straits,
who through enmity
rebels,
\_i.
to
e.
" veyed away every stone belonging " from
which
" continued
" came
to
had been
it
fort
mark
to
The
resided.
garrison being
but were
;
their hatred the
taken.
Elated with assumed.''"'
When
Koorg country.
:
rebels collecting together
this occurrence
named Hyder AH
The
aforesaid
In this conjuncture,
I
fort of
advanced to meet him.
but the aforesaid commander was not able to
" of that quarter.
they
this success,
" mander proceeding to the borders of Koorg, had arrived near the
" battles ensued
massacred,
all
more strongly] con-
dispatched a commander,
suitable force, to reduce the
" pafam, when the
Sircar,'''^
was completely demolished by the
occupy the position they had
we
him with
and threw the whole into the quarry
it,
originally
to our blessed hearing,"''
" Baig, with a
district]
The
place.
investing
newly erected by the
surrendered on capitulation
" on marching out of the
"
whom,
to
After this, they set about raising dis-
laid siege to a fort
which the governor [of the
in
;
One
settle
com-
Periaor two
the affairs
was proceeding in person from the
" country of Arcot towards the country of Nitgr, and had got about half way; 2
"
dirocted," says ths Sultan,
•'
there
is
powers of the several
rical
"that
no better figure" for a
D
Hereupon
2
should be constructed with nine sides, than which
it
lie cdWvd'w. Munzirdbdd, because the numecomposing that word, when added together (according to
fortification,
letters
the Ubjee diagram). Indicate the year of the Higera in which the place was conquered, 1/2. 1198. (14) In the original
meant
^\^
it is
his father's retinue
,
^y
'^3'
which the Sultan appears, from the context,
so that the period, here referred to,
to
have
must have been that of the
invasion of the Carnatic'in 1780. (15) that
it
(IC)
"
The name
of this fort
is
not given in this place, but
I
conclude, from the context,
was the Merkerrah, afterwards mentioned.
The
original has
it
self-headed, continued (I") Original
,v..".,...f.i
in their
C^Lv w«^
Uj^-
^\s>.
places."
i^j^ Jji U
" they
all,
becoming
204
SELECT LETTERS OF
" Hereupon
detached another army, under the direction of the Rdjak of Kimnik-
I
" geery, to the aid of the aforesaid commander, and pursued "
after the recapture of
" of Mangalore.
" manders, having advanced,
"
"
for the
conflict
camp
[to their
maintained
purpose of subduing Koorg, two or three
by the Koorgs, who closed
quarters
all
or position].
For three successive days was the
my
end of which time,
at the
;
two before mentioned com-
this period, that the
coss into the woods, were attacked from
" up every avenue
base commanders, consult-
" ing only the
safety of their worthless lives,'"' took to flight, leaving
"
and guns.
their troops
The Rdjah
their
"
obligations
of
"
offering of their lives for the service of the Usi(d Ilhye Sircar^^^^
ground
[for
some time]
"
" marches, infidels
two
in
by
divisions,
had taken
Here
post.
I
no-chief'^'' of the
" and children,
different roads,
From Periapatam and
in
made
a great
number of
" and
two days,
made an
the
army
by rapid
Koorgs, effecting his escape, with his family
through the woods and adjacent
to wild beasts after
and
Kutty Naik,
prisoners.
concealed himself and
hills,
followers in a glen, or valley, '^°' of the Eldichi/ mountains,
" both
hell,
reached the residence'^' of the governor [of the district], where the
" however, the
*'
amply discharging the
after
I proceeded, after the reduction [or subjuga-
of Bui, as above related, towards Koorg.
tion]
" advanced
"
and
;
and sending numbers of the enemy to
" In consequence of these events,
behind them
of Kunnikgeeiy, however, with a few men,
" maintained
valor,
Niigr
which, the victorious army was engaged in the reduction
was during
It
my march to
which was
inaccessible
Hither the Hijdery army pursued the
birds.
fugitives,
some search discovering the entrance of the before mentioned
glen,
" encamped
(18) Original (Jj'b (19)
I
am
whole party, (20)
i. e.
li
^U-
literally,
" impure
so\i\s
ox lives."
not quite dear, whether the singlt death of the Riijah, or the sacrifice of his is
here meant to be recorded by the Sultan.
The
place which the Koorgs arc said, in
tlie
beginning of
this extract, to
have
seized and demolished. (21) Original J\^jJi or Sirdar, with the privative
usual with the Sultan. (22) In the original
the interpretation
I
The name .U
which
have adopted.
of the
strictly
Koorg
chief
li
prefixed: a term of contempt very
is
doubtful.
means a cavern or cavity
;
but the context requires
TIPPOO SULTAN. The
" encamped there [for the night].
" Jyshe, about " two guns
mouth
of the glen,
" company] and two hundred " directed
two Risdlas of
formed an advanced guard of a Jowh [or
I
Piddelis,
proceed [into the glen],
to
following day, taking
hundred Piddelis, and two guns with me, and leaving the
five
at the
205
which
after firing
two or three guns,
command
under the
I
of a Jowkddr.
I
" followed myself with the two Risdlas, and three or four hundred Piddehs, and " accompanied by a few
" owing
to the prodigious lofty trees
" that
was with
it
difficulty a
" a step [in advance]
" small "
When we "'
was now mid-day, the glen,
which overhung
it,
could see the ground
while no one could
which obstructed
make
it.
way through
such, that there was no distinguishing
In this distress, great were the efforts which were
" of the
the glen,
on which side the sun
made
to obtain a sight
sun, as being essential to the discovery of a passage through the glen
" but, notwithstanding several
" looked out
for the sun,
" glimpse of
it.
" from the " quarter,
At length
ascended the
a
" through the glen
Beyond
" Kutty Naik
this
to
end of the glen was a small
" approach in the night, and
"
strictly
"
sit still,
a
me
to
the western
howl or
we
opposite extremity [or side] of which
" of Kutty Naik's dwelling.
up
some distance
reached the spot
it
plain,
Here,
telling
my
so I took
followers
muskets
the manner of dogs,
in
;
people that the
after discharging their
noise,
where three houses of
was sun-set
my
at length
satisfy
my
up
on each
side
enemy would
at a great distance,
swine,
and jackals,
forbad their standing to their arms on that account, directing
and
By
advance two or three coss further
" quarters in those houses, drawing up and encamping
set
tree at
came and pointed out
we were enabled
When we
stood.
and [from their tops]
same time, that there remained three hours of day.
at the
;
trees,
man, who had mounted a
troops, having seen the sun, stating, at the
" arrived.
men
they were not [for a long while] able to obtain the least
" knowing the quarter,
" would
;
was so excessively dark,
had, in this manner, proceeded about half
" the darkness was " was.
man
it
he had cleared his way, by removing with his sword the
till
trees [bushes]
Though
select persons.
them
I
to
themselves with frightening the dogs away.'-^' Accordingly,
towards (23)
That
is,
(24) Original
tlicy
coulJ not ascertain
jb Jub
^^IC>
t--^
or
in it
what dircclion they were movin".
may be w:.^ "
ijroaning at."
SELECT LETTERS OF
206
" towards the morning, the aforesaid dogs and jackals, approaching on every
"
fired
" agreeably " the noise ''
and
their musket;^,
a great cry
my
of which, however,
;
people,
took no other notice than by frightening the dogs away
to orders,
for
up
set
side,
which purpose was no sooner made, than
:
the dogs of the desert
all
fled.
"
"
When
morning came,
I
the pioneers and
set
road, fifty yards'"' wide, through the glen,
" the
The
evening.
" ccedcd
marches to the
in three
" over the country, " Nd'ih,
following day
the purpose of
for
" Avhcrcupon orders were sent to bring his family
and
" had accompanied him,
"
The
"""
special retinue
[by which
*'
Presence
it
aforesaid
by another road over
Here dying a
his entry into
and accordingly the
;
thieves,
repaired with his family,
leaving Tillicherry,
three elephants, and his other effects,
pro-
hell
from the Presence, directing them
to his followers
effects to the
I
advanced,
I
The
seizing on the thieves.
end of two or three days, he made
at the
which
spreading detachments, as
Tlllicherri/ a sea-port belonging to the English.
" natural death,
"
sent for the whole army, with
passes,'^'
a
which was accordingly completed by
fleeing into the woods, escaped Avith his family,
" the passes, to
"
I
work upon making
otliers to
who
two or
to the Presence.
returning fiom hence through the glen and other placet
had advanced],
" Merherrah/""^ which the
reached,
after
some marches,
had demolished.
infidels
Here
I
the
fort
of
halted for two or
" three (25) Original
cJ
Ziraa or guz, measuring from two and a half to three
according
feet,
to the standard used.
(26) Ori<^inaI ^J^^ a height over whicli a road (27) Original
^A^
ljS/V'
This mode of expression (2S) In the original
is
it is
^^ "
conducted.
special retinue,"
^^^^
uniformly written Mcprkcrrah
call it Zvfcerdbdd'mslf^&di
the
p
to
I
mimber
recjuircd
:
but as
I
his
own.
take the Merkerrah of our
the fantastical
mode adopted
b}'
its
In
the Sultan, he was
of Zufcrdbdd (the more proper appellation), as otherwise
jW^
yielding only
was 1198, and therefore Zufcerdbdd became necessary.
fancv, did not long retain
n86, was
means
have been an accidental interpolation.
the chronogram would have been defective, Zu/irdbdd, or the
the writer here
common.
maps to be the place meant, I conclude new naming this place, according to obli"ed to
is
new name
transferred to Gurramcomidah.
oi Zufcrdbdd,
See Letter
which,
CXC.
in
the
monlh
J
188, whereas
Merkerrah, of
December
SULTAN.
TIPl'OO " three days, during which " orders ''
I
examined the spot very
for rebuilding the fort
Meer Zyuul Aabideen
[at
"
hastened,
near,
I
" [new]
I
by
x\2imQ oi
the district.
which
I
put a garrison, and directed the
to
which being now very
;
Periapatam,
and
I
gave to the
Zufeerdbdd ; from which name may be
From
the date of the conquest of the place.
detached a respectable force to the assistance of the Foujddr of
I
" Ziifeerdbdd; and then our " seat of the Sultan
The
be Foujddr of
to
coss to the residence of the aforesaid
successive marches,
" deduced, without any ambiguity, " Periapatam
in
and then issued
nominated a Kilaaddr, &c. appointing
marched ten fort,
carefully,
the conclusion of the rainy season
Merkerrah \he
oi
{oit
till
I
the same time]
" Ndik, where there was a small to abide
which
to
;
" I'rocecding from Merkerrah,
" Foujddr
20/
at
elevated standards proceeded in the direction of the
Putn."
Sultan has added to the preceding narrative the following curious and
important notice: *'
When
arrived at Zufeerdbdd,
I
sent for
I
all
the leaders of the rebels, and
" delivered into their hands written mandates to the following
"
It
is
common
" or remotest doubt of your being " seventh time " our armies
:
that I
to all five
all
:
hence there cannot be the slightest
bastards and whoresons.
have
single individual
now
[therefore]
among you,
" whole of you, transplant you « means, from being legitimate,
(29)
It is
converts to
vowed
to the true
(:J0)
original
all
from
this
Muhommcttan
Tiic term wliich ^^LsrtjiK^
e.
is
tiiat
'""
[i. e.
Musulmans] of the
country to some other
the term
may no
you ever
if
not revile or molest a
your progeny or descendants
and the epithet of whoresons
'.
about the
is
God, that
I will
but making Ahmedies^''*^
illegitimate,
clear from this passage,
tlie
This
you have acted treasonably towards the Sircar, and plundered
" again conduct yourselves traiterously or wickedly,
"
:
the custom with you, for the eldest of five brothers to marry, and for the
" wife of such brother to be
"
eflfect
;
by which
may become
longer belong to your tribe."
AhmeJy was
not confined
to
Christian
faith.
here,
and
in
one or two other places, rendered 'whoreson,
a binful moilier," or
" one with
is
or having a sinful motlier."
in
the
SELECT LETTERS OP
208
LETTER CLXX. To Syed Humeed and Syed Ghuffar; dated from ZuferabJId,
Hydery.
28th
The humble
(oth December.^
address sent by you has been received, and the particulars
of the occupation of the fort of Kittoor, by a garrison of our troops, are comprehended.
You must points,
composed of trust-worthy men,
place guards,
which must be most carefully watched,
blade of grass
may
be plundered,
as,
case at NergHnd.
On
Let not the property
orders, as otherwise
you
precautions,*')
was the
head you must issue and enforce the
strictest
to the
this
want of
a single
in order that
neither be dispersed nor pillaged.
owing
at different
suitable
will be held responsible for the consequence.
LETTER CLXXI. To Urshud Baig Khan, Foujdar of Calicut; dated
Tvlooet.
\st
(8th Dece7)iher.y
You
must, on some pretence or other, send to Worm-raj,
Kurtindd,
of
manager ,('*)
to
to
his
brother Sabbabut,
come and
visit
you
;
upon
and
the Edj'ak
Unnund Kurp,
to
their doing
secure their persons, and to report the same to us.
his
which you are
You must
keep
to
this
matter secret, and make no delay [in the execution thereof] (I)
"
^dJ
Original
ragcmcnt,"
But though
?".
this
e.
^,j\
pcrliaps
which rendered
literally
would be " from
" from due encouragement
(or
should be the sense of the passage (which however
is
may have
inadvertent!}- written
" couragement," which would render (1*) All these
.;
instead of
'
it
would
Possibly, however, oi
«
" want
of en-
the passage perfectly intelligible.
names are somewhat doubtful.
perfectly illigible.
t"
'fj
to) discou-
very doubtiul)
not follow that the Sidtan meant any other than delusive encouragement. the transcriber
owing
not being given to the inhabitants.'"
A
fourth person
is
mentioned, but his name
is
TirPOO SULTAN.
209
LETTER CLXXir. To Meer Kazim
The
sort
first
dated 2d Tvlooey.
;
(dlh December.)
wood you must
of sandal
sell
hundred and twenty pagodas the candy ; the second 2)agodas
;
the third sort at ninety pagodas;
2)agodas
;
and black pepper
sell
them
at
any other
at eighty
that you buy your sulphur
it
Buy and
Monukkas ^'^ without [/. e.
Go
seeds [or stones].
perfectly round] pearls
:
not
If you should
Take care
Purchases of
gold
send yearly thirty maunds of
two hundred maunds of almonds, and
pistachio-nuts,
You must
will not signify.
and copper cheaply.
and lead are not required.
large rolling
the fourth sort at eighty
not at less] prices than these.
\i. e.
one hundred
sort at
pagodas the candy.
have to keep them even for a year or two,
[bullion]
the rate of one
at
to
maunds of
fifteen
Hurmuz, and buy
there
small pearls arc not wanted.
OBSERVATIONS. It is uncertain
to
whether the pistachio-nuts, almonds, and
be procured, were designed
for the
trade, to be retailed in the shops, of
Sultans own consumption, or
Mahommed
Directing them
and
;
same Date.
to supply themselves with the in
2 (1) Called also
Kishmish.
It is
the
manner
(9th Decemher.')
wood necessary
for
their
in-
prescribed
E
a small sweet raisin, with few or no stones,
fl*) i.e. a painted hall, or apartment.
as articles of
CLXXIII.
Khyrullah
completing the Rung-mahl,^^*^
here ordered
which some account has already appeared.
LETTER To Shah
raisins,
in
structions
SELECT LETTERS
210 structlons
OJf
and reproaching them with assurance/')
;
for repeatedly-
applying to the Presence on this subject, and waiting for answers to their letters.
Commands them, and
agreeably to their former orders,
other materials they require, in whatever
all
to procure
manner they
wood,
shall think
proper and practicable, and apply the same to the work in hand.
OBSERVATIONS. This tlie
would seem
letter
in question,
articles
to
convey to the persons addressed, a power of procuring
by
violence, or
any other means they might think
fit
to
employ.
LETTER CLXXIV. Ram Chundur;
To Rajah
You
write,
" that
at
dated 3d Tulooey.
(lOth Decemher.y
Huscottah, and other places, the Joivkddrs of
" the Hiizoor are proceeding to relieve [or change] the troops stationed " in the [several] forts, whose pay you are, in consequence, agreeably
"
to our orders,
*'
Miitusuddies of the Ehslidm Kuchurry say, that certain stoppages are
"
to be
*'
Jumaaddrs, &c. for which stoppages, you observe, you see no authority
*'
in our instructions [to you]."
We
made,
are
played]^
preparing to issue;
mean
while, the
on account of the appointments [or commissions] of
amazed
on
but that, in the
at the understanding
this occasion
\
O
and good sense [you have
Those things which arc permanently
dis-
fixed
[or
(2)
Original
sense p;iven in (1)
This
is
(.:;,.ss~^
properly the plural of ^-r* Shaikh, but generally conveying the
tlic text.
a sneer
;
tlie
Sultan meaning, here,
tlic
contrary of what he says.
TIPPOO SULTAN. [|or
311
standing orders alone] are inserted in our Ilitkm-ndmchs [or general
instructions]
;
but such fresh matters as
this,
nliich arc from
How,
time ordained, aie notified in distinct [or separate] orders. should this [Ijefore
it
new
then,
regulation be referred to in instructions delivered to you
was made]
?
" that Syed Peer, the Kilaaddr, demands pay
You
further write,
*'
men
belonging to the Ji/she, Ehshdm, and others,
*'
regularly returned to the Mutusmldies of the Knchurri/
" you
time to
who have
for
not been
and that
;
likewise see no authority for this in your instructions."
If you
contravene or exceed the same in any histance, you will have to refund
what you have over- disbursed.
OBSERVATIONS. The
stoppages here spoken
of,
jjrobahly referred to
the Sultan might have ordered to be levied on
some
tax,
new appointments,
which
or foes,
for the benefit of
the government.
Ram Chundur appears, ed it
;
for,
in the present instance, to
have been very unjustly reprov-
notwithstanding the decisive tone assumed on this occasion by
may be safely contended,
that the
Rdjah was
tlie
Sultan,
both by the general
strictly justified,
scope of his master's instructions, and the particular nature of the case in question, in
what he
"
to refund
did. all
Is
he not
told, in the very
same
letter,
" that he
disbursements unauthorized by his instructions?"
appear, that he was in ])ossession of any regular,
innovation which he was required
to
carry
into
2
E
2
be made
And
or oflicial notification, effect
?
does of
The Dcwdn
unquestionably, entitled to be duly apprized of a regulation,
expected to conform.
will
to
it
tlie
was,
which he was
SELECT LETTERS OF
LETTER CLXXV. Khan
To Shumsuddeen
dated 5th Tulooey.
(I2th December.')
to air in the sun eighteen bales of
Directing him niotli-eaten] shawls
to tie
;(')
;
and
them up again, and
cummin-seed, &c. into the bales,
after putting
lay
them
worm-eaten [or
carefully by.
LETTER CLXXVI. To BuDRUz
ZuMAN Khan
Whatever we of the rebel
;
dated 7th Tulooey.
propose ordering
we
(I4fh Decemhei-.')
shall shortly order,
on the subject
Moon a Kool.
LETTER CLXXVII. To Shah Noorullah
Agreeably
;
dated 8th Tulooey.
to our former orders,
(I5th December.')
you are to proceed
to
Mangalore;
and there obtaining from the Aumil of that place whatever supplies [or be required for the use of the ships,
may
stores]
the latter to
You
you are
to dispatch
2zrfyy.('*)
write,
proposing to take
fifteen
hundred wax-candles, besides
wax.
TVhere can he the necessity for so many ivax-candles ?
Aumil
to deliver
been already
what number may be
Avritten to, directing
for the use of the vessels.
him
[really] requisite.
The
to supply whatsoever
What more
Get the latter
has
was required
?
You (I)
(1*) it,
This person was supeiintendant of the Tosheh-khdiieh
Name
uncertain.
I
had,
at first, read
on the authority of Colonel Munro.
ihe SuUaiiSi\i\\)=. lay
when unemployed.
it is
and written
dX Seritigapatam. it
AW/j/
or iN^^nrfn/, but altered
a small liarbour on the coast of Canara, where
TIPPOO SULTAN. You moreover
" that the jlumil of Mangolore
write,
only old and black rice,"
*^
take
it,
wTite
?
213
and not engage
It is
in
That
known.
rice is good.
improper altercation.
you
delivers to
You must
What more
we
shall
OBSERVATIONS. The Sultan nople,
having
now determined on sending
and from thence
to
France (the one previously dispatched by the same
route, having, as before stated, been recalled).
make
abortive with
that
member
of this mission
which had preceded
another (as will be seen hereafter) in l/S" It has
been
said, that the embassies
land, failed through the
it,
the expences of the
tentiaries as
;
who
many
which, however, proved equally
and was,
in
its
turn, succeeded
by
parsimony of the Sultan, who could not be induced to
outfit, at least, of
Old and black
economy.
;
person was subse-
proposed to be sent to the court of France,
this opinion, the foregoing letter certainly
bum
The same
to
.
supply the funds necessary on the occasion.
strict
Shah Noorullah was emplo^'ed
the necessary preparations for the purpose.
quently appointed a
by
another embassy to Constanti-
Whatever ground
there might be for
announces a determination to regulate
the meditated embassy, on principles of
rice is declared to
be good enough for his plenipo-
are likewise given to understand, that they will not be allowed ta
candles as they please.
LETTER CLXXVIII. To Rajah
Ram Chundur
Directing him
to
(\)
A
same Date.
(15M
pay monthly four pagodas and a
pean C/mi/aAC) sent by Syed to assign
;
Mahommed Khan,
December.') lialf to
the Euro-
the Kilaaddr o?Putn,
and
him some employment.
Chailah
is
an adopted slave.
He
ness as the sons of the family, of which he tioned, had of course
become a Musulmun.
many
respects with the same tender-
is
treated in
is
considered a member.
The
Chailah, here
men-
SELECT LETTERS or
21-4
LETTER CLXXIX. 2b
Mahommed Ghyas
and Noor
Mahommed Khan
;
same Date.
(\5fh December.^)
Your two
letters,
November] have been
received,
conduct of the Urahmens,
men, subject
to
Hydery [23d and 24th
of the 16th and 19th of
and what you knoAvn.
is
state,
Tliat
respecting the mis-
you should have suffered
your authority, to act so presumptuously, and not have
put a stop to the business by scourging and punishing them well, must
Let them
be owing to your great age.
a guard near you least egress
You "
and give
;
still
strict orders, that
write,
" that you have separately examined each of them, and
separately flogged
write
they be not allowed the
without permission.
that one lays the blame on another."
man
be immediately placed under
down
:
[Instead of this]
them be
let
and then, after [duly] interrogating them,
his statement [of the matter]
with his
let
own hand.
each
Let
their names, moreover, be reported to us.
Urgent, or very particular dispatches, must be always forwarded by a
which
pair of Hitrkdrehs, and not by the post,
will
soon be discon-
tinued.C^
The message which you communicated
to us
from Unund Rao Rasta
has been received, and you will give such answer to him as
we
shall
hereafter direct.
You (1)
Meaning
the post to
governments, was
still
Poomh,
permitted by
wlilcli, tlic
notwithstanding the rupture between the two
Mahrattulis.
It will
be seen hereafter, that Tippoo
from the hint here did not yet consider himself as absolutely at war with that nation ; though, have thought dropped, respecting the speedy discontinuance of the post, he would seem to from the toleration of the Sultan's intercourse with some, at post, the continuance of his envoys at Poonah, and their amicable more than Tippoo, regard the -least, of the Mahrattah chieftains, that the latter did not, any tliat crisis
hostilities
cided
wai'.
approaching
fast.
It
may
also be inferred,
which had hitherto taken place between the
parties, as aniounting to
open or de-
TIPPOO SULTAN, You
did right, in taking to
customary take,
gifts,
Rao Rasta
215
the [pieces of]
clotli,
But wherefore did you
on occasion of the marriage.
and why do you continue to take, the Miltusuddies
mens so often mentioned] along owing
to
such
folly as this,
You
sumptuous.
witli
you
to
and other
Rao
[i. e.
the Urali-
Rasta's house
It is
?
on your part, that they liave hecome so pre-
should take with you [on such occasions] none but a
few Hurkdrehs.
The
gifts
from the two
shrines, together with your
of
CLXVII.]
[See Letter
the counterpanes, are arrived.
memorandum
LETTER CLXXX. To
the Seven
Superintendants of the Post,
of the SuLTANVT
(^or
at the Seven capital Cities
(\Gih De-
Kingdom^ ; dated dth Tulooey.
cember.^
(Circular.)
We have fixed the Coss at six thousand Gvz, must be
travelled by the
postmen
minutes and forty-five seconds].
in
which distance [or space]
a ghurry and a half [or thirty-three
If the letters appertaining to your pro-
vince [or department] are not delivered according to this rate, and any delay arises, you must flog the Hurkdrehs belonging to you delay should proceed from the
must report the same
men of another
to us, in writing.
:
and
if
division of the post,
You
the
you
are, moreover, to denote
the hour, the day of the month, and day of the week, on the superscription of all your dispatches.
This order
is
to be strictly attended to.
OBSERVATIONS. A volume of
the Sultan's regulations, in
notice respecting the Gm«, as established
my
jxissession, contains the followfng
by him
:
«
The
SELECT LETTERS OP
216
*
" The number of
"
twenty-four,
" make half '•'
it
is
a legal
of which the
letters,
therefore ordained,
Guz
Kuhnah
[or creed]
consists
being
that twenty-four thumb-breadths shall
a thumb-breadth being equal to the aggregate breadth
;
The Kembdlub''
of ten grains of one kind of rice, and of seven of another kind."
[or rope] used in measuring [roads] consists of thirty-two of these ^m2.
According to
this rule, the
Guz
consisted of about forty-eight thumb-breadths
:
but the directions for ascertaining the thumb-breadth seem too vague to admit of
any
Taking, however, the Guz, here described, at
certain or precise calculation.
two
thirty inches, or
thumb-breadth) the coss miles and three-quarters
more than
rather
when
and a half (which gives
feet
five
amount
will
making the
;
an inch
five-eighths of
for each
to fifteen thousand feet, or better than rate of proceeding appointed for the
miles an hour.
two
postmen
This, though certainly very practicable,
the relays of Hurhdrehs, or postmen, are placed at short distances, consi-
derably exceeds, happil}',
I believe,
the ordinary rate of the mail in British India
however, the coercive means of accelerating
its
;
where,
progress, so familiar to
the Sultan, are unknown. I
the
am title
not able to specify,
w ith any
of the present letter
:
certainty, the seven capital cities intended
but there can be
tam, Nugr, and Bangalore, were
among
the
that the other four were Chittledoorg, Goaty,
little
no doubt, that Seringapa-
or
number
by
;
while
not improbable,
it is
Gurramcoondah, and Sera,
LETTER CLXXXI. To Ali Rajah Beeby
;
same Date.
(\6th December.^
We have received your letter by Fukliruddeen, to us
upon your
The custom of
situation.
and dependants hold themselves [at
all
who has
the world
also expatiated
Servants
this.
is
times] prepared for the perform-
ance (I) Original
c-JU*^ which may possibly be derived from
of the cocoa-nut
:
tlie^
and
J
or r
and
I
Jl^
a rope
being often interchangeable
Arabic and Persian words, frequently taking the sound of * or
tn.
;
made
and
^
of the fibres
or
ii,
both in
TIPPOO SULTAN. ance of services times have
we
;
the execution of orders
;
in reply to
forward evasions and excuses, and
what
is
obedience and
;
fidelity.
to be
done
Be
?
which you have continually brought
still
continue to do the same.
before us, was honored with
a grant of the farm of the Taaluk of Cherkul, and with other [in like
In this
yourself the judge.
Rooe Wurm-raj, who presented himself you
manner] had come
gifts.
[to us], agreeably to our orders,
You
would assuredly have experienced our bounteous favour.
[also]
Many
written to that lady of chaste degree^^ on the subject of
repairing to our Presence
case,
217
learn the remaining [or further] particulars from the letter of
'
It
you will
Fukhrud-
deen.
LETTER CLXXXII. To
the
Dewan
Seat of the
and Buktshy of each of the Seven Kvchvrries of the
Sultanut
Cor Seringapatam^)
;
dated \Oth Tvlooey.
Q7th Dccemher.^ (Circular.)
Directing
the birth- day of the Saltan, or the approaching 14th day
of Tiilooey [20th December] to be celebrated, in the manner appointed in the
Hdkm-ndmeh
[on that head].
OBSERVATIONS. In a loose paper in military salutes
my
on various
ing, that the Sultan
possession, containing dfrections for the regulation of occasions,'"^ there
a note, or
memorandum,
purport-
was born on the 14th of Tiilooey of the year of the lllgera 2
(I)
is
F
1165;
Original ci-w^c:-
(l*) I have since Diet with the
same regulations
in
the FuthuV Mujahidccn.
218 1165
SELECT LETTERS OP ;
" guns ''
on the anniversary of which day
it is
shall be fired at ten o'clock in the
"
ordered,
that a salute'-' of thirty-one
morning, and
the people of the city
all
observe the same as a festival."
Whether
or not this rejoicing was intended to be general throughout the king-
dom, or was confined
to the capital
was customary
(Seringapatam),
believe that
it
to transmit
Nuzrs of congratulation
for the principal officers,
to the Sultan
I
am
unable to say
but
;
however distant from
I
court,
on the annual return of
his
birth-day.
LETTER CLXXXIII. To Eaatimady Khojeh Firasut;^') dated Wth Tulooet. (\Sth December.')
The memorandum
of medicines [perhaps some prescription] which
you sent has passed under our view
;
but the essences,^-*) therein specified,
belong to the European practice, whereas Mahomnicd Baig
The
of the Greek school.
is
a physician
conclusion to be drawn from this
that in
is,
omitting to insert the Greek medicines, and substituting in their place those in use
the Europeans, you could have had no other view,
among
than that of making a profit by the sale of the
You must
get a
memorandum
by the above-named
we may
rise,"
[Mahommed
it is
"
of Greek medicines
Baig], and send
it
made out
to us, in order that
ten gkurries,'" or three hours and forty-five minutes
which, at the winter
(1) If the title of this letter
"
list]
supply you [with the articles required].
(2) In the original
"
[or
latter.
the trusty (or
solstice,
answers nearly to ten o'clock
be correctly given
in
my
manuscript
in the it
may
"
I
am
after
sun
morning. be rendered
"
to
trust-worthy) Eunuch, Firasut."
(2*) Original c:A>Le. plural of Joe. ilr
essence, or essential
oil.
(commonly pronounced uir
or ottar) a perfume,
TIPPOO SULTAN.
219
OBSERVATIONS. am
I
obliged to acknowledge,
which appears
to be addressed to
pharmacopolist
;
Suifan, or on
his
that
do not
I
clearly
understand this
letter,
some eunuch, who exercised the business of
a
but whether under the authority, and for the benefit, of the
own
account,
individual
I
cannot determine.
The former
supposition would certainly not be at variance with the practice of this extraor-
dinary character in other cases tenor of the
On
letter.
and, in
;
some measure, supported by the general
the other hand,
if
the
when compounded,
medicines,
were to be sold exclusively on account of the Suifan, there
comprehending whence the which he
is
profit
was to
accused by his sovereign.
proceed from nothing but
my
arise to the
After
all,
is
some
difficulty in
Khojeh, with the pursuit of
however, the difficulty
want of due information on the
may
subject.
LETTER CLXXXIV. To Ali Rajah Beeby
The tlie
"
dated \2th Tulooey.
write,
"
tliat
it
are
" but that
now
and been [actually]
in
your possession
;
the revenues of the said villages have been sequestered,
" on account of our Sircar" enclose a letter to
we have
hecome diUy apparent.
the villages of Mdtmail,^^^ &c. have, from days of
yore/-^ appertained to you,
It is revealed
;
and, in consequence,
Urshud Balg Khan, the Foujddr of
Calicut, in
we
which
given him strict orders to relinquish the villages in question, and
the revenues thereof.
We
(19M December^
huuiblc address you sent to us has passed under our view, and
particulars set forth in
You
;
Forward the same
to him.
have repeatedly written to you, desiring you to repair to the
Presence
but,
;
instead
of coming to us,
2 (1)
Name
(2)
Original
uncertain. AsiS
^si
F
2
you have excused yourself
upon
SELECT i,ETTERS OF
220
upou
For
diiferent pretences.
and
reason,
this
conformity with the
in
moment, the settlement of the TaaMk of
policy of the
and
Ckerkiil,
^he appointment of a separate Aum'iJ, on our hehalf, to the charge of the same, has appeared expedient to
Our as
it
is
consideration for the situation of that refuge of chastity, such [/. e.
such as
You
no diminution. if
us.
we have ahvays will
manifested
it
to be], has suffered
remain [therefore] with collected mind
and
;
any of our TaaMkddrs should be guilty of oppression, or proceed
TaaMk,
vexatiously toward your
him
strict
N.B.
A
us
let
know his name, and we
will
send
orders to desist therefrom. in
letter,
written, under the
conformity with the tenor of the foregoing dispatch, was
same
date, to
Urshud Baig Khan, the Foujddr of
Calicut.
LETTER CLXXXV. 2o Shumsuddeen
Khan
aud others
dated
;('>
13M Tulooey.
(20th December.^
Directing them the
Tosheh-khdfneh
to deposit the
and
;
produce of the revenues of
^ugr
in
to carry to account [or give credit in their
account for] the value of all old rate] as the
•».
cloths, in like
Ddroghds of the Jinsy formerly
manner [or
at the
same
fixed the same.
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter is
The word
-jIj
somewhat which
I
perple^cing
have rendered
or clothes (wearing apparel). that
tVie
Tlien
it
nor
am
cloths, is
I clear that I
may mean
also possible,
it
understand
it
rightly.
either cloth in the piece,
may have been
intended
old cloth, or clothes, in question, should be sold, and the produce carried
to account
(1)
;
That
:
is,
an interpretation which,
I think,
the
other officers of tbc ToiAtA-ManeA.
ongmal would very
well bear out.
TI
rP O O
S
tl
LTA
221
N.
LETTER CLXXXVI. To Bl'RHanvddeen
Directing him
;
dated
Tulooey, at Night. (2\st December.^
\4itlt
to send for
Wenkia Naig,
the banker
;
and
also to
transmit a Koicl [engagement] and letter of encouragement to Koornath
To
Pundit.
him
write to Syed Mceriin, the Kilnaddr of Dhdriudr, directing
to keep
nephew, and
a
watch over the family of Umbajee
strict
to take care that they are not suft'ered to
Ram
and
his
go any where.
Desiring him, moreover, not to think of putting garrisons of the Sircar into Shdhpoor,
Bulgong,
Sec. as
they belong to
,
OBSERVATIONS. In Letter Btilgo)7g, It
CLXIX,
Burhaniiddeen
is
directed to place garrisons in Shdhpoor,
and Gokauk, which are there declared
to be
dependencies of Kittoor.
would now appear, however, that the Sultan had discovered, that those places
did not belong to Kittoor, but to some other chieftain or
wish to oftend by seizing on them. script
;
tlie original,
it
or syllable, of the deficient
places in
many Hindoo
is
he did not
nearly blank in the manu-'
is left
not, in fact, entirely so
word being preserved.
words, and
question belonged to the
should not have
whom
probably, not having been legible to the transcriber.
said nearly blank, because
the end of
The name
state,
known
this
among
This
«ent the
it
first
have
the terminating letters, is
Ai'
which occurs
others that of Mahrattah.
Malirattahs,
when he
;
I
may seem
at
If the
strange, that
orders for their seizure.
he
Of
the desire he might yet have to abstain from any directly aggressive proceedings against that people, and to confine himself, for the present, to
measures, some explanation has already been furnished by the Sultan himself.
offereil
i
and more
mere defensive
will hereafter
be
SELECT LETTERS OF
222
LETTER CLXXXVIL ZuMAN Khan
To BuDRUz
Announcing
dated I5th Tulooey.
;
to hiiuthe Sultan's arrival at
(22d December.')
Tul-Cauvery
and
;
directing-
him, after deputing some person [to take the temporary charge of governments'^] during his absence, to repair, together with his suddies [or accountants] to the Presence
;
when such
his
MiUu-
orders as should be
necessary would be verbally given him.
LETTER CLXXXVIII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
;
dated
from Tul-Cav^ery, 18fh
T'ulooey.
(25 th December.)
The Mahrattah
forces are assembling.
army
to] the safety of your
that you will
are necessary.
encamp your tioops
must
&c. on
also post piquets,
that the enemy's
army
therefore write to desire,
a secure situation
;
not far asunder,
all sides
of your army.
Let
it
You
not happen
surprize you.(^>
You must, agreeably to our memorandum of the effects receiving such
in
We
form [or manner] of a rose-budS^*^
[close together] in the
but
Vigilance and [due attention
former directions, transmit to us a detailed of the Daisye,
memorandum, we
according to which you will
act.
will give
Let
&c. of Kittoor.
After
our orders on the subject,
also a minute report be
made
to us
of the followers of the Daisye, specifying [in particular] the number of his
managers and principal men, and distinguishing them by name.
(\)
1
am
ignorant what situation BudrQz
(I*) Original (2) Original
sudden attack.
d^
which means a
Uj which
Zuman Khan
^Kt? in
filled at this
time.
general, but more particularly a
usually signifies treacheiy, but
is
roje-iz/(/.
often applied to an alert, or
TIPPOO SULTAN.
223
OBSERVATIONS. The
the more regular armies of Europe
our
tactics, this is
judgment
military
in line, as
is
this case,
in
it
by which he has expressed
it,
the practice of
and though Tippoo adopted many things
;
one of the points, in which he did not think
the established usage of the East.
figure,
encamp
Asiatic armies are not accustomed to
fit
to depart
in
from
Whatever may be thought of the Sulfan'i will is
probably be readily admitted, that the
sufficiently significant.
LETTER CLXXXIX To
TuLOOEY.
Directing them import or not,
same
to
with their
own
Announcing
to
them,
:
and not
hands,
to
make known
the
Persian or Hindivy [attached to the the appointment of Mirza Uhsun,
also,
letters
and concluding with an intimation,
subject of their dispatches
dated 23d
dispatches, whether of weighty
a Persian Milnshy of the Su/tav, to read [their] answers to them
;
(30th December^)
to write all their
any of the Mihishies,
mission].
Mahommed Khan
and Noor
Mahommed Ghyas
related
and write
tliat
tlie
when the
merely to the pay of the people
belonging to them, they might be written in Uindivi/.
OBSERVATIONS. In translating the passage of the foregoing
appointment,
I
letter,
which notices Mirza Uhsun's
have supplied the pronoun possessive, their, on the supposition
that the dispatches of the envoys were particularly meant. be, that
Mirza Uhsun was appointed
and not those of the envoys alone. the answers,
is
his transcribing
to read
What
But the sense may
and answer Persian
is
said of his being
letters generally,
employed
to write
not to be understood as necessarily meaning any thing more than
them
fairly,
or writing
them from the
'Sultan's dictation.
SELECT LETTERS OF
224
LETTER CXC. Khan ««// Urshudullah Khan, Dejvan and KvRPAH sonw Date. (30ih December.^
To MoHYUDDEEN Ali
BuKTSHY of Notifying the
;
Sultan's pleasure, that
Gurramcoondah should,
for
the future, be called Zuferdbdd, and directing the same to be published
throughout the country.
OBSERVATIONS. cannot positively
I
state,
whether or not Merkerrah of Koorg continued
called Zuferdbdd, after the latter I
am
inclined to think
name was
in tbe negative
;
botb because
same new name should have been applied to two whenever Ziferdbdd
is
Gurramcoondah
transferred to it is
to :
be
but
not probable tbat the
different places,
and
because,,
subsequently mentioned, Gurramcoondah would constantly
seem to be intended.
LETTER Ghulam Ali Khan
2b
We
;
herewith transmit a
Mahommed
Shufeea, the
CXCI.
dated 24th Tvlooey. letter,
which we have
Aumil of
is
thereof,
and the English ambassador. and hasten
lately received
from
given of the conferences
negociations] going on between the Sultan of
Seignor']
December^
Manjaiser^^^^ enclosing one to his
address from his brother, in which an account [|or
(^Ist
Room
[/. e.
the
Grand
Consider well the contents
to accomplish the business
upon which you have
been deputed.
Sometime ago Othman Khan dispatched a respectable person, with a letter
from himself and Shah Noorullah to the Sultan of Boom, containing
(I)
Name
uncertain.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
225
ing a representation of the state of things In these parts that
was subsequently
it
;
and
appears,
it
to the arrival of that person [at Constani'uiople],
that the Sultan of lioom began the conferences [or negociations] in
question with the English ambassador.
OBSERVATIONS. It
proper
is
I
should acknowledge, that
plexing, and that
The
accurate.
occurs
Khan)
I
am
doubtful passage
for the original
;
from being
far
sent a letter to the
may
is
have found
I
Ghulam
Ali
remove.
The
slight
by Letter
interpretation of
Grand
by the hands of "
Seignor,
Khan and Shah
I,
is
and had been deputed on
There
Noorullah.
am
sufficiently
I
a respectable person,"
much
light
this
are difficulties attending
informed to be enabled to
mention incidentally made of Othman Khan,
CCXXXI
it
which the name of Othman Khan
that in
of the correspondence, does not throw appears,
extremely per-
be understood to mean, either that he (Othman
none of which
either construction,
my
satisfied that
or that he himself was that respectable person,
errand by
this letter
on the subject
thatOthmin Khan had himself
in other parts :
yet
it
clearly
actually proceeded
to Constantinople.
With
respect to the allusion
made
English ambassador at the Parte, passage relating to representation,
Othman Khan.
it
to the conferences or negociations of the is
no
The
in
:
but
to the
Ghulam
Ali
furnish a satisfactory explanation of the matter. 2
(2)
He was
living at Seringopatani, in 1809.
than the
obscurity,
Grand
Seignor,
had given an unfavorable turn
India,
the ncgociation in question
in
context would seem to imply, that the
by whomsoever addressed
situation of affairs
less involved
G
Khan,
regarding the
for the
English to
if still living,**'
can alone
SELECT LETTERS OF
22(5
LETTER CXCIL To
Meer Kasim Ali Khan, Post-master at Fyze HisJr (Gooty) ; dated 24th Tu looey. (^\st December?)
You
write,
" that a thousand PiCidehs,
**
and three hundred horse, belonging
"
arrived at Nundidl,
**
sequestered [or confiscated] by us."
ground
five
hundred regular infantry,
to the
Ndzim
with the intention of recovering the country
for alarm [in this case]
It is
dated
is
the
If they should dare to take such a step,
?
LETTER ;
Where
known.
they shall see the fruits [or feel the consequences] of
To BuRHANUDDEEN
of Kurnool,'^^^ are
it.
CXCIII.
from Tul Cavvery, 28tk Tulooey.
(4th Ja)iuary I786.)
Directing him
to recall the Risdla of the Sipahddr, Syed Ghufl^ar,
from Nergdnd, and Sipahddr,
to send thither, in
Syed Humeed's corps
its
stead,
also, desiring
:
two companies of the
him
to send for five
hundred Piddehs to Syed Meeran, the Kilaaddr of Dhdrwdr, and to employ the same in the service of the Sircar,
LETTER CXCIV. Zuman Khan
To Budruz
You must
first
;
same Date.
(4th Januanj.^
proceed to Nelaiser [Ncelahser^ and encamping there
with Leshtia,^'*^ make some delay, on pretext of looking after Sooma, the (I)
(1*)
Runmust Khan,
tlie
Kamc uncertain.
Patan chief of KuitiooL
See Letter
CXCVI.
TIPPOO SULTAN, You
the Tul-Cauvery man.
Nag, once more
to
Moona
will tlien invite
with his nephew, went some time ago to
come and
see you
227
visit
Leshtia and Rooe
when you must make
;
of himself, his nephew, and whatever followers report the
same [immediately]
the business
is settled,
let
officers.
You
them return on
remain where they
be with him, and
We
to their respective stations.
this
occasion,
to both the above-
must, by every possible trick and contrivance,
secure the person of the aforesaid will
prisoners
Urshud Baig and Bunkia,^-) and when
have sent the requisite orders, mentioned
may
Wurm
If a further force should become
to us.
write and send for
necessary,
Kool, who, together
now
are
able to do without them,^^)
rebel.^^^
them know
it,
officers
If you should be
you send for them.
till
let
The above-mentioned
in order that they
may
repair to their proper stations.
N.B, Tlie
letter to
Urshud Baig Khan,
follows next in the manuscript
;
but
is
referred to ia the preceding dispatch,
omitted here, as superfluous.
LETTER CXCV. To MoHYUDDEEN Ali
You
Khan
;
<")
dated 29th Tulooey.
(5th January.')
" that you have recently discovered a vein of
write,
lead, the ore
" of which resembles that formerly found that you have sent us seven " pieces of it by the post and that you wish to be instructed, whether ;
;
V to dispatch the lead you may obtain by hired bullocks, or "
arrival of
some persons from the Presence." 2
(2)
Name
(3)
Original
(4)
Literally,
{
Dcxi'dn of Kitrpah.
1
G
2
uncertain. >x^.c
"
" an
exciter of sciiition."
to seize the rebel witliout tlictn."
It is
known.
to
wait the
You must collect
SELECT LETTERS OP
228
collect the said lead in the fort of Sidhoot.
for a silver mine, that
a lead-mine collect
to say, silver earth,(^> to
is
l)e
an ancient custom ('> [always] found under
therefore, send for the said earth [or ore],
you must,
:
It is
together in the hefore-mentioned place.
it
and
Persons skilled in
[such] earth [or ores] will be shortly sent from the Presence [to exa-
mine
it].
LETTER CXCVI. To RuNMUST
Khan
[After acknowledging, with letter
(5th January^
satne Date.
;
the usual compliments, the receipt of a
from Runmust Khan, the writer proceeds thus]
Some time
ago, while
we happened
to be
making a
for the purpose of inspecting the
attended,
Koorg
the exciters of sedition in the
forts
country,
:
progress,
slightly
of Bangalore, not looking
to
&c. the
[probable] consequences [of such conduct], but agreeably to the nature of the children of selfishness
(')
and of opportunity-watching
rebels,^^*^
conceiving vain hopes from the great distance of our victorious army, raised their heads, one
and
of this circumstance,
we proceeded with
once,
made
all,
in tumult.
Immediately on our hearing the utmost speed,
and,
at
prisoners of forty thousand occasion-seeking(^*> and sedition-
exciting ('') Koorgs, who, alarmed at the approach of our victorious army,
had slunk
into
woods,
and concealed themselves
in lofty
mountains, inaccessible
(2)
That
(3)
Or,
(I)
Original
is
to say,
"
it is
ore.
j>^1 ^1
>Original
(4) Original
t_J]5
j^\
Kzi
yU
agreeable to experience."
TIPPOO SULTAN. Then carrying them away from
inaccessible even to birds.
country (the native place of sedition)
we
tidings are calculated, at once, to convey a
more
to afford delight to friends, [but
them
raised
Isldm, and incorporated them with our Ahmcdij
true believeis,
229 their native
to the
As
corps.(^)
honor of
these happy
warning to hypocrites/^) and
especially toj the chiefs of the
the pen of amity has here recited
them
[for your infor-
mationj.
We now firmly purpose and
repairing to that quarter [towards K.urnool\
our victorious forces
shall accordingly soon arrive there with
we have
the meeting, which
and Khajeh Lutfullah,
hereafter be dismissed and dispatched to that friend.
continue,
your
whea
so long wished to have with that friend,
Dhurm Doss,
Rajah
will be accomplished.
j
We trust you
shall will
the period of our interview, to delight and rejoice us by
till
letters.
OBSERVATIONS. It will be recollected
prized,
"'
of
some part of
by the
that the Sultan had been recently
reader,
Khan
its
being the intention of Runmust
liis
country, which had been taken possession of
the present dispatch,
Futah ndmeh,^^ or
which
therefore,
letter of victory,
is
may be
fairly considered as
whom
" a warning
of what he might expect,
to
him
"
he should compel the
latter to
addressed
pay him a
;
to attempt the recovery of
by the Sultan
in the true boastful style of a Persian
timidate the person to
it is
ap-
or in Tippoo's
visit.
if,
by
It was,
own
intended to in-
words, " to convey
resisting the Sultan's will,
moreover, well calculated to
(5)
Original
^_f Jw»».l
(fi)
Original
^^Ujl;,*
(7)
Sec Letter CXCII.
(8) It
is
i^J
d^
'*
Ba.nd o( ^hmedies." littcrally,
"
as
an example
to hypocrites," or atheists.
customary with the princes of the East to announce to one another
they obtain over their enemies.
This
is
done
are called Futah-yidmehs, or letters of victorj'.
in letters, \vliich, (Voai
tlie
victories
the subject of them
SELECT LETTERS OF
230 to prepare the
upon
this
The
way
Patan
for the
pecuniary demand which we shall presently see
chief.
expedition against the Koorgs that
on
to his account of
will
country."
and
if
we may
he would appear to have but too well
" that
make Musulmans of your whole
" some other
:
give
fulfilled,
year 1784.
have vowed to God," said he,
I
have hitherto met with
with which we have seen him dismiss the assembled
chiefs of thatnation, in the
*'
I
issue,
its
this occasion, the threat
"
the Sultans recent
foregoing letter contains the only authentic record of
credit
made
if
race,
you ever again
rise in rebellion, I
and transplant you
See Observations on Letter
all
from hence to
CLXIX.
LETTER CXCVII. To Meer
Ahmed Ali 29th
Your
letter
;
Taalukdar of NvnsiPOOR,
Tv LOOEY.
has been received.
dated
(5th January^
You
write,
" that the superseded
" Aumil has, notwithstanding the guard [placed over him], escaped " from the fort." It is known. We have a just claim for thirty thousand pagodas on the same Aumil discover
him
;
To Shumsv ddeen letter,
you must [therefore] speedily
otherwise you will be responsible for the
LETTER
Your
:
;
of the Bdrgeers
^'^
in question.
CXCVIII.
dated 30th Tvlooey.
(6th Juiiuary.^
with the accompanying memorandum,
an engagement entered
sum
and statement of
into by the Miitusuddies, to adjust the account
in a satisfactory
manner, has been received, and
its
contents
( 1 )
Horsemen mounted on ordinary horses belonging
a superior description.
to the Sircar.
The
stable liorses are of
TIP POO SULTAN. The memorandum
contents are understood.
You
herewith].
returned
referred to
means,
coercive
enclosed [or
is
and
threats,
compel the Mtitusuddies of the Bdrgeer Kuchurry to get
punishments, ready, with
must, by
231
all
speed, the aforesaid accounts,
by placing a Suzdwul over
them.^-^
You
enforcing their obedience
are to consider this as a most
peremptory injunction.
LETTER CXCIX. To
Ghulam Ali Khan
The camphor
tree has
We
Sircar's country. ('>
from
it,
in
use of
have sent two
rub your feet with
Meer Kazim
;
it,
and
shall be written
Darogha
at
of the
may
made
also take
putting about a tolah weight of
LETTER To
this part
bottles of the essential oil
Inform us what benefit you
What more
it.
been [recently] discovered in
meat-broth,
bason of broth].
Qth January^
dated \st Yoostfrr.
You must
for your use.
[inwardly]
;
it
it
[into a
receive from the
?
CC.
Muscat;
dated 6th Yoost/FY.
(\2th Januarr/,^
Your
letter,
morandum of The
pearls
heavy
accompanied by a sealed packet of
pearls,
with a me-
the prices at which they were bought, has been received.
you have sent have, on the whole, been purchased
price.
If they can be procured cheaper in the
Bahrain
('*)
at a very
you nuist send
(2)
Or "
b}'
proceeding against tlicm, in the manner of a ^yMSi/rcK/;" that
is,
by rigorous
dunning. (1) Tiic 5'«//(/« was, at this
Khan was
afflicted
time, in tiic neighbourhood of Tul.Cauven/. Ghfiiam Ali with some scrophuious or rheumatic complaint, whicii h.id rendered iiim
a cripple.
(1*) Situated in the
Gulf of Persia
;
and formerly fanwus
for
its
pearl-fishery.
232
SELECT LETTERS OP
send thither for them.
There
at
is,
the
same time, no objection
to
your buying them at Muscat, when they can be had cheap there. [of money] to ten divers, dispatch them to the
Making some advance as they
Presence,
arc wanted for the purpose of diving or fishing
^'^>
for
on the shore of Mangaloi'e.
pearls
You
" that sandal wood and pepper are become cheap [at
write,
" Muscat].'"
When
It
is
Keep them
known.
they become dear [again] you must
for selling
[therefore] sell
There
them.
of at the current [or market] price [of the day],
dryness, ished,
one.('^
it is
What you If
understood.
is
is
no necessity
The cardaniums, however, you may
them cheap.
be a losing
some time by you.
it
write,
if
that
dispose
should not
respecting their diminution from
be only in weight that they are dimin-
You
of no consequence.
will state [the deficiency]
your
in
accounts.
The
factory of
Muscat has been placed under the Aiunil [or been made
a dependency] of Mangalore accounts of
all sales
:
you must, therefore, transmit
and purchases,
to
him the
as well as of all other receipts
and
disbursements [of the factory].
W^e do not want any copper or lead the price of
You
;
but you should buy sulphur,
moderate.^*)
it is
an increase to the stipend of Oba Cooler, in
write, respecting
consequence of his being appointed to the ChurokdryS^^
be augmented,
when
to the
Let
his stipend
amount of the monthly pay formerly allowed
to the Churokdr.
The
morahs'^^ of black pepper
must be weighed
in bulk,
and
sold in
that
(2) Literally (3) Original
(4)
Or,
(5) I (6)
am
A
'*
"
bringing up,"
i;Ji,\^Jiu
e.
i.
ok c;^,U^
when you can buy
it
from the bottom of the
literally,
" keeping economy
at a saving price."
unable to give any explanation of this word.
measure and weight equal to 80
lbs.
sea.
avoirdupois.
in vicAY."
TIPPOO Wliere
that state.
any
loss
You
is
ULTA
by that means,
to the allowance of
Let him have an increase of
It is apparent.
The humble
if,
?
recommending an increase
write,
233
N.
the necessity of opening them,
should be incurred
IMuUah.
S
addresses of the
Permanund
five rupees.
Imaum, the KhulfW'^ and Bheem
Jee,
the broker, which you forwarded to us, have passed under our view.
You have been
stationed there for the sole purpose of buying and selling
whenever [therefore] any occasion advantage, you should do
arises, in
though we may not have directed
so,
without waiting for our orders on the
We
are in great
want of
which you can act
for our
and
it,
subject.^^^
Purchase to the amount of tea
pearls.
thousand rupees worth, as cheaply as you can, and dispatch them to
You
" that the Dulldl [or broker] has demanded payment of
write,
Mahommed
*'
two hundred and
*'
Ibraheem, and of a hundred and two rupees advanced to
advanced by him
sixty rupees,
" Khan [both of them servants of our Sircar']" the
amount
In your *'
us.
to the aforesaid broker,
letter
and take
to
It is
Othman Pay
known.
his receipt for the
same
of the l/th oi Zilhijjeh, A.H. 1199, you wrote, " that
the second sort of sandal wood,
charge of Ghous JNIahommed
in
" Khan, continued on hand, being,
in
" and fourth
Let the aforesaid sandal wood
sorts, in little
demand." 2
C?)
1
believe that the chief minister of the
affects to call the letters of the
Imaum
to be credited, that these persons, in the (8)
comparison
with the third
H
be
Imaum
and Khulfdr
is
so called.
urzies, or
Tiiough the Sultan
" liumble
addresses,"
herer
it is
not
and particularly the former, actually lowered themselves
manner pretended.
The
posal, which ma}' be supposed to
acceded to
any advantage was promised by tlia prohave been made by the Imaum, Mecr Kaziin should have
J'«//a«V meaning, perhaps,
it
is,
that
if
immediately, without any reference to the Sultan.
But Mcer Kazini was too
well acquainted with his master's cliaractcr, to assume such a responsibility. ivho could think in the present
it
The
prince
necessary to instruct a commercial agent, so minutely as Tippoo has done
and other
letters,
was not
likely to
the undefined kind of power, with which he
is
have approved of that agent's cxercisin"'
pretended to have been invested.
SELECT LETTERS OP
234
and then
be kept until purchasers are met with,
sell
It
the best
to
advantage you can.
We want ten
ship-wrigh(s, acquainted with the construction of Doivs.
Get them together, and dispatch them
You must
What you goods,
in the
write, respecting your
upon the
:
to us, specifying the day,
same manner that our orders
understood
is
Presence
date your letters
[constanly]
month, and year,
hither.
^^^
to
you are dated.
having hired a warehouse for our will shortly
be dispatched from the
you must prepare a factory-house for
arrival thereof
the use of the Sircar.
Entertain a hundred of seven rupees
;
Clashies^^'^^ in
and appointing a Snrddr [or commander]
men, dispatch them
twenty-five
our service, at the monthly wages
to the Presence,
every
where, on their arrival,
What more
they shall be raised to superior rank.^' '^
to
?
OBSERVATIONS. I possess
no information, with regard to the Sultanas project
a pearl-fishery
in the vicinity
of Mmigalore
silence of the subsequent correspondence
:
but
on the
it
may be
to
inferred,
from the
subject, either that the requisite
divers were not procurable, or that the attempt, if actually
His endeavours
for establishing
made, did not succeed.
form a marine were somewhat more successful
;
but the nature
of the sea coast in his possession hardly admitted of his attaining to any great
importance as a maritime power.
If,
however, such an obstacle really existed to
the accomplishment of this design, he, at sensible of
it,
since
it
will
least,
would not appear to have been
be seen, by Appendix K, containing " Regulations
" for the Marine Department," that only two or three years previously to the extinction
(9)
There
is
a blank
of a factory-house,
liere in tfie
may
maDuscript.
Possibly some materials, towards
have been specified.
(10) Probablj-, ship lascars. (11)
Literally,
<'
shall
be appointed to
oa/jrfe^^,
or commiinds."
tlie
erection
TI
proo
s
uLTA
235
X.
extinction of his power, he had conceived the idea of creating a very formidable
naval force.
It
may, indeed, be reasonably doubted, whether either the resources
of his country, or of his genius, were equal to the realization of so bold a plan but
as well, perhaps, that
it is
To RuNMUST
CCI.
daled ^th Yoosvfy.
;
abated four lacks of rupees, of the eleven lacks justly due to us, as
Paishcush, from that friend.
Having thus
us at seven lacks of rupees,
we some
Riijah
you.
made an
fixed the balance payable to
time ago announced the same to
Dhurram Doss, and Khajeh
Lutfiillah,
to a further remission of fifty
hereby reducing our demand to six lacks and a thousand rupees, on account of the
amount was thus
;
finally settled at
by one of which
paid by the 5 th
<'^
Jmndd
it
ill
was
thousand rupees,
of the same year. trust] reach
6,75,000 rupees, for the discharge of into
two
distinct
engage-
stipulated, that 3,75,000 rupees should be
Ouwul, A. H. 1200
;
and by the other, that
With
These two persons having taken leave of
you
Jluj'ub
us, will
in safety.
respect to our relinquishing the districts belonging to that friend,
and sequestered by
us, orders to that effect
2 (1)
The
of a former year.
a further sum of 3,75,000 rupees should be paid by the 20lh of
[we
we
exclusive of twenty-
half,
which the two before-mentioned persons entered ments
having hereupon
earnest representation to us of your [pecuniary] difficulties,
were induced to agree
five
Q.2ih January.^
consideration of the friendship and regard [subsisting between us],
In
we
Khan
for the experiment.
he was not allowed time
LETTER
;
A blank
H
occurs lieic in the manuscript.
have been
addressed<^-) to the
Dewdn
2 Tiic worJ wanting
is,
probably, balance.
(2) Tlicse orders were most probably provisional, and to be complied with only
event of Runmiist Khin's discharging the
demand
against liim.
in
the
236
SELECT LETTERS OF
Dewdn and
BiiJdshy of Fj/ze-IIisdr
persons
said
requires
p.
e.
Dhurrum Doss and
engagements referred to above,
to the
may
attachment
sent, in
friendship
paid, agreeably
order that the foundations of
in
An
acquire strength and firmness.
Mchtdhy^^ dress are
to the afore-
What
Liitfiillali].
money should be
that the before-mentioned
is,
and delivered
[_Gooti/']
Always make us glad
token of our regard.
and happy by the receipt of your friendly
elephant and a
letters.
LETTER ecu. To Meer Moaainuddeen
dated
;
'Jth
and 10th of Yoosufy.
(13M and 16th January.^
By
the favor of the Almighty and the assistance of the Prophet,
have arranged and adjusted the
affairs
of the Taaluk of Zufeerdhdd in
the most suitable [and satisfactory!] manner the
number of
captives,
thousand
fifty
men and
this
victoriously to the seat of empire(^>
of the year Julio.
we
object,
at
;
the tribe of Koorgs, to
women,('^
and incorporated with the Ahmedy
Having accomplished
we
having been made
class.
returned
prosperously
and
Putn, on the 11th of Yoosiify
This being an event calculated to give strength to
the people of Isldm,^^*^
we wish
that brother
all
joy on the auspicious
occasion.
The advance^
of our victorious standards
12th of Yoosiify [18th January]
:
we
is
positively fixed for the
therefore write,
to desire that
you (3)
A
sort of silver tissue.
(1) In Letter
CXCVI they
(2) Original
i::..cliLJl;b
(3*)
i.
e.
"
(4) Original
arc stated zXfortr/ thousand.
the professors of the same faith."
cJ^\ C^;-ai
C^V.};
iwi-«aj'>
TIPPOO SULTAN. march and join
will
-you
23^
with the forces under your
us,
command
[without delay].
Memorandum. is
Three other
letters, to the
above effect (but to
whom
addressed
not said), were dispatched by the post.
OBSERVATIONS. There going
is
manifestly some error in one or other of the dates given in the fore-
letter, to
are assigned
which two
for
:
dates
different
what reason
I
know
{viz.
not, unless
dispatched in duplicate, one copy on the 7th, other on the lOth,
by the
post.
the 7th
But
if
10th Yoosiify)
be to denote that
it
by an
and
it
was
especial messenger, and the
these dates are correct, that one which
purports, that the return of the Sultan to Ser'mgapafam actually took place
the 11th Yoosilfy, must, of necessity, be wrong.
It
is
on
equally certain, that at
whatever time he arrived there from Zitfeerdhad, he did not march again from thence on the 12th of Yoosiify (as here stated to be his intention), since we know,
from Letter CCXII, that he was I regret that I
still
at his capital
on the 23d of that month.
do not possess the means of rectifying these mistakes, which,
however, are fortunately of no material consequence. cannot, at this
I
moment,
cumstance of his being
was a kinsman of the
ascertain
stiled brother
who Moaainuddeen was: but by the Sultan, makes
the actual
it
CCIII.
and future Aumils of the port of Calicut-, dated YoosdtY.
Be
probable that he
latter.
LETTER To
it
the cir-
known, that
10///
(IQth January.')
in consideration of the devotion
our government of the iefuge of cou)merce,('>
Muo
and attachmcjit Saith, son of
to
Rao
Saith,
(1)
Original
jb i^jW
SELECT LETTERS OF
S38
DuUdl
Saitli,
[or broker], an inhabitant of Muscat,
we
have, at this
time, [agreed to] remit the customary anchorage duty, heretofore paid
to us, in favour of five Dingies of bis [about to import at Calicuf] will, therefore,
on the production of a
letter [or certificate]
above-mentioned Dulldl, [purporting that the said Dingles are frain
you
:
from the his], re-
from demanding the aforesaid established duty [of forty rupees per Consider this as a peremp-
Dingij] on the [live] Dutgies in question. tory order.
LETTER To
the actual
CCIV.
and future Avmils of our Ports
[in generaf]
same Date.
;
(\Gth Januanj^
Be
known, that we have remitted four-tenths of the
it
in our ports
from time immemorial, on
by the refuge of commerce,
[there],
Dulldl of 3fuiicat
:
you
will,
all
goods to be bought or sold
Muo
therefore,
Saith,
son of
demand from
said Dulldl, six-tenths of the ancient duties, this as
duties, levied
Rao
Saith,
the agents of the
and no
inore.
Consider
a peremptory order.
LETTER CCV. To
the
AuMJLS
actual and future of the
loueJ ; same Date.
Be
it
merce,
known, that
Mao
aforesaid
if,
Port of K^'riJl (MaxgA'
(I6th January^
after selling to the agents of the refuge of
Saith, &c., such rice as
we may have
com-
to dispose of, the
agents should be desirous of purchasing a further quantity of
that article from the inhabitants of the districts appertaining to
Mangalore,
TI
Yoxi must not forbid, or
be well.
lore, it will
SULTAN.
P PO O
23D
make any
opposition to
the same.
LETTER Mao
To
Your
letter,
Dvllal
at 3Iuscat;<-^'>
by Ghous Mahonimctl
and apprized
received,
"
Saith,
CCVI. same Dale.
Khun and Tuikcm
us, anion*,^ other things,
to establish a factory [or
warehouse^ at
represented to us verbally, by the aforesaid
" the port of Calicut charge you
for
(I6lh January^ Doss, has been
" of your determination
Calicnf."^'^^
Khan, "
You have
that our officers at
anchorage duty, at the rate of forty
rupees per Dingy, and this duty you request of us to remit."
*'
have furthermore
" that the Iniaum of Muscat,
stated,
also
*'
duty of ten per cent, on [the goods of]
*'
our merchants no more than six per cent.
**
a similar indulgence from us."
You
all ;
mIiIIc
he
You
levies
a
other merchants, charges
and you, therefore,
solicit
" that
likewise express a desire,
" your Gitmftslitehs may be allowed, as formerly, (after first buying from " the numagers of our ports whatever number of morah^ of rice the "
latter
have to dispose of) to purchase, without
" the people of the country, such further
"
as they
may
require."
[Then follows a ing letters, which
With
Mundry
It is
recital it is
or hindrance, from
let
quantities of the
same
article
known.
of the concessions specified
in the three
preced-
unnecessary to repeat here].
respect to our establishing factories [as you propose] at in
Kutch, and
at the port of
Jdmmigr, our
intention
is,
Port
to dis-
patch, some time hence, trusty persons, with letters and the customary
tokens (1)
that
Tlic niimc
it is
(2)
is
omitted
in the
Mao
Saith.
addressed to
Ca/jc«/
is
manuscript
not nciniod in the original
;
;
but the tenor of the letter sufhcieiitly proves,
but ihc context siiews
it
to
be meant.
SELECT LETTERS OF
'240
tokens of friendship to the Rajahs of both those places.
On
this occa-
sion
we
and
to procure the necessary permission for the establishment of [the
you to introduce our agents to the two Edj'ahs,
shall require of
proposed] factories.
Agreeably to your request,
wc have
Meer Kazira
directed
to settle
with you for the advances made by you of two hundred and sixty rupees to
Mahommed
Ibrahcem, and one hundred and two rupees to Othman
Khan, making together the sum of
three hundred and sixty-two rupees.
OBSERVATIONS.
We
collect,
from
tlie
foregoing letter, that Tippoo Sultan bad already so far
accomplished bis commercial views at Muscat, as to be considered the most favoured of the numerous traders with that port.
obtained that distinction (for distinctly stated
;
but
standing between the that the
Iinaums
it is
probable, that
were
concessions
by which he
was hardly any thing more) are not any where
it
Imaum and
vessels
The
to
it
bad been granted on a previous under-
the Sultan's agent,
Ghous Mahommed Khan,
be admitted into the ports of Mysore, on the
footing specified in the ensuing letter.
Of
Mao
the particular immunities here granted to
Saith, the remission of four-
tenths of the customary duties (whether on imports alone, or on exports also, does
not appear) would, no doubt, have been a very considerable indulgence, trade had been suffered to be quite free, and
pated very largely in bis
own
vessels,
in
it.
The
if
Tippoo himself had not
if
the
partici-
Sultan, however, not only exported rice to Muscat
and imported the commodities of that country into Mysore,
but he also obliged the Muscat merchant to purchase
all
the government rice on
hand, at a price fixed probably by himself, before be allowed him to buy else-
where.
In addition to these restraints, there
profitable branches of the
beetel-nut, pepper
Under
commerce of
his
is
reason to believe, that the most
dominions, namely sandal wood,
and cardamums, were entirely monopolized by the Sultan,
these circumstances,
it
may be
questioned,
whether the encouragement ostensibly
TIPPOO SULTAN. Muscat
ostensibly given to the
traders, was,
241
on the whole, much calculated
jiromote the commercial intercourse of the two countries.
Of
that intercourse, at any given period of the Sultan's reign,
no accurate means of judging
;
though
it is
ports of
Canara and Malabar,
at
the actual extent of possess, at present,
probable, that ample materials for this
who
purpose were obtained, by the gentlemen
I
to
received charge of the different sea-
the period of their falling under the authority of
the English.
LETTER To
Your
He
the
Imaum
of
Muscat
pleasing- letter,
;('>
CCVII.
same Date.
(IGlh January.^
by Ghous Malionimed Khan, has been received.
has also represented to us, verbally, the sentiments of regard and
union which you entertain for us, and the knowledge whereof has proved highly gratifying to us.
In consideration of the friendship this time, remitted
sul)sisting
between
us,
we
have, at
half the amount of the duties heretofore levied in
our ports on your ships and Daws, and have, accordingly, issued the necessary orders to this
to the governors of all
effect,
our sea-ports
:
do
you, therefore, continue constantly to send your ships and Doivs, laden
with merchandize, to our ports.
Meer
Particulars will be stated to you by
Kazin>,
Whereas
there
is
a
strict
order in force at [all] our sea-ports, forbid-
ding the sale of rice to any merchants coming from Portuguese, English,
&c. ports, the their
own
on account of the great
latter have,
countries],
adopted the contrivance of sending other mer-
chants, in the character of
of making purchases of
Muscat
rice,
traders,
&c. at our
with money, for the purpose ports.
2 I (1)
Thoiitrh the
name
is
scarcity of grain [in
here also, as
doubt, that the person addressed
is tiie
in
We
have, in conse-
quence,
the preceding letter, omitted, there can be no
Imauin of Muscat.
SELECT LETTERS OP
242
quence, sent positive directions to the persons in authority at
Muscat merchants such only
to consider as
ports,
all
our
as shall produce
a
passport, or certificate, under the seal and signature of the superinten-
To
dants of our factory there. be
ficate, rice Avill
sold,^^)
merchants, furnished with such
without any excuse [or
evasion]].
certi-
Let, then,
that person of eminent rank likewise give orders to the merchants of
Muscat proceeding
to our ports,
scribed passports, for which
dantsof our factory not
to
to provide themselves with the pre-
we have
strictly
demand any
commanded
the superinten-
fees.
OBSERVATIONS. The
remission of duties granted in favour of
remission of one-half, mentioned in the present sively to the ships like
and enlightened one,
I
letter,
Tlie
applies, I conclude, exclu-
To BuDRUZ ZuMAN
Directing him
state
;
but a
much more
Khan
;
CCVIII.
dated I3th of Yoosufy.
to crucify the miscreant (')
and keep them confined
Moona
him
(I9th Januari/.y
Kool, and to send
in irons.
nephew of Moona Kool should be more than
of age, to crucify
intelligent
apprehend, than the Sultan,
LETTER
If the
Saith was four-tenths.
and merchandize belonging immediately to the Imaum, who,
Tippoo, was the chief merchant of his
for his family,
Mao
twenty-five years
also.
Two (2) That is, " will be " from his granaries." ( 1 )
Original
^
V
sold
by the
officers-
of government ^ on the Sultanas iccount, and
TIPPOO SULTAN.
243
hundred of the followers of Moona Kool
Two and put
into the
(-)
made Ahmedies,
to be
now
Bisdla lately dispatched [from hence] and
arrived [at Niigr.'\
You(^> yourself must also proceed to Nugr, together with the troops
under your command
who
is
;
and, repairing to the second
[at this time] at Seo-Kidlah,^'^^ there
make a
Dewdn
of Nugr,
settlement of your
accounts [with him].
OBSERVATIONS. There
is
no
trace, in
any of the documents
in
my
possession, of the
which the person of the unfortunate Moona Kool was instructions given at different times, regarding him,
that the object was attained by
some
make
foul or treacherous
LETTER
finally it
manner
secured
;
but the
sufficiently probable,
means.
CCIX.
Moaala Khan, the superseded or late Kilaadar MvDGVL ; dated \^th Yoosufy. (2\st January.^
To Meer
^^^
Directing him itipees
and
been, (3)
Kunchioig-ilddh,^^*'^
to repair with his family to the Presence. writes, of the
handsome behaviour of the
2
know
of
to send one of his brothers to receive six thousand
from Ghulam Mohyuddeen, the Fouj'ddr of
That what he
(2)
in
The name
whicli
1
have
left
blank
is
12 in
chiefs of that
place,
the manuscript written
Ahmednugr
:
but
I
of no such place in Tippoo's dominion, and therefore suspect the right reading to have *'
and put them into
tlic
Aluncdj/ [corps at]
Nugr."
Tlie second person bciii^ here employed, what follows
transcript of the original dispatch, (4)
Name
(1)
111
and not,
as in the
uncertain.
the original J_.j)k
(2*) See Letter
CCLXXV
for
some account of
is
to
be considered as an exact
preceding part,
this place.
tlie
mere heads of
it.
SELECT LETTERS OF
244 place,
notwithstanding their oaths and engagements,
[What
follows
is in
the
first
is
understood.
person.]
In contemplation of the very events which have taken place,
You, however, chose
before-hand, desired you to repair to us. cise
your foresight on the occasion
" remains
in the pot."^^)
Such
their regard for their promises
;
and, after
all,
to exer-
" the same broth
the way, in which great chiefs
is
we,
show
and solemn engagements.^*^
OBSERVATIONS. Not
distinctly
knowing who Meer Moaala Khan was, and being but imperfectly
acquainted with the transactions referred letter in a satisfactory
would
that
be,
LXXX)
manner.
to,
I find
myself unable to interpret this
might hazard a conjecture on the occasion,
If I
Meer Moaala Khan (who was the same person addressed
had been governor of the
on the south-west
frontier of the
correspondence with Tippoo, to but that his fidelity
fort of
Mudgiil, a place of considerable note secret
he had been deprived of his
government, before his plan of defection was ripe
am
aware,
letter before us,
which
for execution.
however, that there are some passages and allusions in the
this of
a
he probably meant to deliver up the fort;
being reasonably suspected,
are not sufficiently explained
in Letter
Nizdm;'^^ that he had engaged in
whom
it
by the preceding hypothesis.
I
We hear no more after
Meer Moaala Khan.
LElTEll CCX. To
Your you
Mahommed Ushruf
letter,
with the enclosed
to the treasury at
same Date.
;
memorandum
Putuy has been received.
Q2\st January.')
of money, &c. sent by
You
write for leave to entertain
(3)
"
This
is
a proverbial expression, inipoiting
"
that, tiic vciy thing intended to
be pre-
vented, or avoided, had happened." (•!)
SiJoken ironically.
(5) Mudgul coTist'ituted Nizam Ali Klian.
(and perhaps
still
constitute?) the Ja$iye of the sister of
tlic
lal-r
TIPPOO SULTAN. entertain ten
new
(or additional) UlgiesS^^ It
of those stationed in the
delis,
fort/-^
the collections and other aflUirs of the
is
245
known.
A hundred Pid-
are assigned you, for the service of
Kuchuny
:
your view, therefore, in
proposing to entertain these Ulgies, most probably was, to
You
[with them].(3>
must, at
all
times,
To the Rajah of Pegu
What more
?
CCXI.
dated^'*^ 17 fh
;
a parade
employ the Piddehs [and no
others^ in the service of the collections, &c.
LETTER
7nafte
Bubiyul Oujiul, A. II.
1200.
Q22d January.^ It
will
be sufficient to give the substance of this
otherwise of any consequence, than as
we
possess, of the
it
which
letter,
is
no
adds to the other proofs which
Sultans desire to establish an intercourse,
political
or
commercial, with the most distant nations. writer sets out with observing, " that a long period
The "
since he
had had the pleasure of hearing from the Pdjah
expressing a hope, " that the latter will, in future,
" him with the agreeable
hud elapsed,
;"<-*)
and with
fiequently favor
tidings of his welfare."
then announces " that he has sent, in token of friendship, by the
He
" hands of two of
his servants,
Mahommed Kasim
and
Mahommed Ibraheem,
(1) In the original (2)
e.
i.
Tlie
^1
of wliicli
fort of Gootij
of
Ushruf appears, hy Letter LXIV, (3) Origin;ii
(1*)
^
I
do not know tlic
to
Dewany
tlic
meaning.
Kuihurri/, of
wliicli
district
Mahommed
have bean the Ddrogha.
^\j
The Mysore date is omitted, hut, from the place wliich the letter occupies in the it may be concluded to have been the IStii or IGtli Yoosiify (i, e. about the 21st
maDuscrijit,
January nS6.) (2*^
denote
H omy
possibly never had heard from him. h.:>
anxiety to hear from him.
Tlic expression
may be merely
formal, ai>d
SELECT LETTERS OF
246
" Ibmliecm, a present **
MehtdJji/ dress:'(^^
He *'
two horses and a
for the Rdj'ah, consisting of
*'
states,
view in sending those persons, to be the opening of a
his
commercial intercourse between the two
and Pegu],
states [of 3Tysore
" whereby an exchange of the commodities of each may be estabUshed, " to the mutual convenience and advantage of both he therefore :
" **
invites the
Hdjah
communicate
to
from time to time, by
what
letter, to himself,
" be supplied with, from " same mav be forwarded
He
to the agents in question, as also
his to
[the Sultan s\ country,
in consequence, directed his
in order that the
stones,
s/ze], are to
be had in Pegu,
agents to purchase, through the
[or by means] of the Pdjah's ministers,^ a certain Jiumber of
medium Then
**
to
next observes, " that having hcaid, that rubies of high value, fine
" he had,
"
may wish
he
him."
" colour, and of a superior kind [perhaps
**
articles
weighing each from ten to thirty fanams weight."
follows a request, " that the
Pdjuh
will accordingly order
hi.s
ministers to assist [his agents], in purchasing the rubies required, at
" as cheap a price
as possible.
OBSERVATIONS. "Whether a second mission was dispatched to Pegu, or the persons to be sent were superseded
by
otiiers, I
am
unable to determine
:
under date 23th of Bydzy (31st March 1786) addressed, Kasini and
Mahommed
which they arc
told,
"
but a
that their departure for
Pegu
ginning of the following June.
(4)
Original
dress
made
cf a particular kind of silver tissue.
JJ^ ^\
Mahommed
Ibraheem, but to Shumsuddeen and Kutbuddeen
;
in
only waits for the equipment
appears, that the ships in question were not ready for sailing,
A
intended
letter appears,
not to
" of the ships, which they are accordingly desired to expedite."
(3)
first
It nevertheless
so late as the be-
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER
247
CCXII.
To Ehsanullah Khan; dated from Pvtn,
23d Yoosvfy.
the
Q2dth Jamuiry.')
Whatever
&c. the
gold, silver, horses, bullocks,
late
Kudlr Agha
may have died possessed of, the whole is to be delivered over to the KUaaddr and Umlddr, from whom you will take receipts for the same. You
did right, in placing the slave of the deceased in the corps of [or
among]
the Usud-Ilhyes.
OBSERVATIONS. The
character of this order cannot be determined, on account of our ignorance
of tbe particular situation of Kadir Agha, defaulter, or
To Shah Noorullah copies of the
[our] seal
possibly have been a public
have died childless.
LETTER
Two
who might
;<*>
CCXIII.
dated 25lh Yoosvfy.
FuthHV Miljdhideen
(^^
(3\st
January^
have been sent to you under
one by Mahommed Iniaum, the Joivkddr [captain] of the Jyshe;
:
the other by our Clia'dahp
Kumal.
You must have
the receipts of these
books regularly entered by your Mdtusuddies [or accountants].
them you
will give to
be kept by the aforesaid Joivkddr,
directed to exercise his
men
regularly, in the
the other you are to keep yourself:
manner
and you
One of
who must
be
therein prescribed
will likewise
;
take good care,
(1)
Proceeding on an embassy to Constantinople.
(2)
For some account of
(3)
This term has been explained
this
book see Letter XC, and at Letter
CLXXVIII.
also
Appendix,
I.
SELECT LETTERS OF
248 that the
caie,
men [composing your
escort]
perform
their exercise
reffularlv.
LETTER CCXIV. To Ghulam Ali Khan
dated 26th Voost/rr.
;(')
(1st
Fehruanj^
"'I
»
The
people
enumerated
who
are to attend you [on your embassy],
in the following
and who are
have been dispatched to you, under
list,
chai'ge of a guard, consisting of five
hundred and seven Piddehs, and
commanded
Ghulam Mohyuddeen Khan,
Huktshij of Nugr, and
Piddehs are embarkation
them back
by
[or superintended]
to ;
Upon
Rung Rao.
the arrival of the party,
continue to be employed in taking care of
after which, giving
them a
receipt,*^^^
it,
the the
until its
you must dispatch
to the Presence.
List of Persons, making altogether Jive hundred and one, with muskets,
coats,
^r.
Men.
Escort.
The
The
Joii'kddr,
IMubaruk Khan, belonging
Joivkddr,
Mahonmied Imaum,
to the Ussud-Ilhyes
belonging to the
Suzdwul 100
JysheS'^
The Risdla
of Fukeer
Mahommed,
belonging to the Jyshe
[Carried forivard
(1)
The
(2) Tliat
colleague of is,
71
Sliuli NoorCillali,
an acknowledgement, or
250
421
and proceeding likewise to Constantinople.
certificate, that
such a number of persons had been
deUvered over to them by the guard. (3)
As a Suzdwul
is
a baliff or dun,
particularly in that kind of service.
this,
I
conclude,
was a body of men, employed
T1PPO O
S
ULTA
249
V.
Men. [Brought forward
Servants, &c.
421
viz.
Kuniul Chailali
1
Sweepers
2 10
Hurkdre/is
Mushaakhies [or torch-bearers]
6
Bullahs, or
4
Yullahs,(^*'>
Munshy
• •
-^
1
24 Dohdshies
2
Mulusuddy
1
3
Under the command of Behram Golunddzes
21
(s)
31
Mahommed Ah, French and EngUsh
interpreter (^
1
Total
501
OBSERVATIONS. Tlie only remark which I have to offer on this letter
from
it,
that the people, sent
it
with great reluctance, since
to
keep them,
till
upon it
this distant
was necessary,
is,
that
it
would appear
embassy, must have proceeded on in order to prevent their desertion,
their embarkation, in custody
of
a military guard,
of
equal
strength with themselves.
3
(4)
lam
doubtful as to the
riglit
K
reading of
lliis
word,
the meaning of whicli
I
cannot
guess. (5)
Tiicse arc properly artillcry-mcn
;
but we hear of no gi»n being attached to the
embassy. (6)
Very probably some European, converted
to the
Mahommcdan
faitii.
250
SELECT LETTERS OF
LETTER CCXV. To
After your serve out
to
the
same
;
Qst February.^
same Date.
anlval at Constantinople, the Suzdivuls and
men
you
are,
every third day,
of the Usud-Il/ii/es
to
attached [to
your mission], four [blank] cartridges each man, and to see that they regularly perform their exercise.
LETTER CCXVI. To
Your
letter
remaining
the
same
;
dated 28th Yoosvfy.
(3d Fehruari/^
has been received, together with a
articles
of supply, which Nursia, the
memorandum
Dewdn
<^'^
of the
of Nugr, has
taken upon himself to dispatch after you.
You were
appointed, and have been sent from hence,
for the purpose
of repairing to Constantinople, and not for that of ivriting to us accounts
of squabbles.
Now, forasmuch
these disputes,
Nursia
while you are employed in narrating
the season for sailing
to provide the articles
^^^
as,
is
passing away, you must compel
you require
;
and,
having done
so,
you
must embark them on ship-board, and then proceed [on your voyage].
Even
if
make
that a pretence, or excuse,
there should be a small deficiency in your surplies, i/ou must not for your delay,
and for suffering the
proper season for your proceeding to escape.
The whole of
the men,
who
are to accompany you,
have been
dis-
patched, and will soon join you.
Agreeably (1)
He
in other places, called the Taalukddr of
is,
(2) In the
explained.
It
original
i^yj
^^< ^j>
J!
docs not appear what means
Nursia's authority.
which
is
GhOl&m
Nugr.
much
the same as Susdwidli/,
Ali possessed of
already
coercing a person of
TIPrOO SULTAN.
251
Agreeably to the desire of that person of magnificent have sent the most peremptory
mainder of your
to Nursia,
ortlcrs
we
tlcgree/^^
expedite the re-
to
supplies.
OBSERVATIONS. When it is men
at the court of
which
he was,
much
;
that
the most distinguished
he was now proceeding on
importance
;
that his appointment to such a high
beheve, at the head of the commission) would, at least, seem
when
the frivolous nature of the offence imputed to
difficult to say,
him
and asperity of manner,
his excessive irascibility
appeared, and more will hereafter occur did he, perhaps, so
little
:
but,
of his minister, he diminished his
own
and even shaking
his loyalty.
Ghulam
Khan was
Ali
him, or so apt to resent
it,
must,
It
(3) Originally
ti-Wr* i^-^Le-
compensate
the address, or c_>Ull as atiiie
his true
feelings of
his letter.
it is
at the
same time, be owned,
It
is
knew
;
and
it
this sufficiently well.
K2
not often that officers.
for the severity of other
SulUm uses
tlie
tliis
complimentary
Perhaps, on the present occasion,
parts
of
this dispatch.
it
Most probahiy
called in Persian, suitable to the rank of every person written
head of the
very rare, however, that
body of
by thus outraging the
view here taken of the subject supposes
as the
phraseology, in wiiiinjr even to his principal
was put
to,
not likely to be so sensible of the indignity offered to
2
to,
have already
on none of the occasions alluded
however,
only reasonable to conclude, ihat the Sultan
to
other proofs
proportion as he sunk the consequence
while,
;
Of
to that person.
he incurred the risk of damping his ardor, paralyzing his energies,
that minister,
was meant
and,
adverted to,
consult, either his true dignity, or, apparently,
interests, as in the present instance, since in
is
is
;
whether the Sultan has manifested most want of temper or of
wisdom, in the harsh and degrading language here addressed
that
a service, to
that entire confidence was placed in his zeal, talents, and fidelity
to imply, iiually,
I
Ghulam AH Khan was among
Tippoo Sultan
his master attached
trust (for
it is
considered, that
letter,
though omitted
this address, or
any part of
in the register, or it,
is
letter-book.
It is
repeated by the Sultan in the
SELECT LETTERS OF?
252
LETTER
CCXVII.
To BuRHANLDDEEN; dated 2Sfh Yoost/FY. (3d
Directing him
Februart/.^
to dispatch carefully, under a trusty
elephants,
gold, silver, jewels, horses,
guard,
all
the
&c. belonging to the Daisye of
Kittoor, together with the Daisye himself, and his family. DLi-ecting, further, that such of
Daisye,
the managers [or servants] of the
were not to be trusted, should be put in
as
irons, as formerly
ordered, and dispatched to the Presence.
LETTER
CCXVIII.
To Syed Peer; Kilaaoar of Bangalore ; same
You "
write
" that about three hundred
recruits
dale.
(3d February.^
have been entertained
for the Jyske
and Ehshdm [corps], and the abstracts of them regularly
" made out and
delivered to the Mutusuddies of the Dewdny,^^^ notwith-
^<
standing which Rajah
is
known.
You have
Ram
would seem] laid your
[it
niche of forgetfulness,^^^ or
right.
you could not en§^age
What
senseless altercation.
Chundur brings forward
the aforesaid
instructions by
in such
(1)
Two
(2)
2. e.
on the
there
subject.
or three words occur here, which are unintelligible to me.
" evades paying
(3) Original
Ji^
jUj
the
i. e.
amount of the
abstracts."
" have consigned them
to oblivion."
iti
It
the
an improper and
Hdjah represents
If you would look into your instructions,
necessity for your writing to us
excuses."^^)
is
perfectly
would be no
TIPPOO SULTAN,
253
LETTER CCXIX To Shah Noouullah; dated 29th Yoosufy. It
is
owing
to
the whoreson trieks and roguery of
that the elephants have been
keepers,
therefore, flog
(4th February.)
them [the keepers]
well.
made
get hot
to
after all,
If,
phants proceeding with you should continue hot,
him from the other [or
others],,
the elephant
you must,
:
one of the
ele-
you must separate
by putting him on board a
different
vessel.
Then
follow directions for expediting the departure of the embassy.
N. B. In
a letter of the following
his orders for separating the
day
(or
30th Voosiify), the Sultan repeats
must (hot) and tame elephants, with an addition,
" that the proper medicines should be given to the hot elephant for
purporting,
expelling his heat."
LETTER CCXX. To BuKHANUDDEEN
We have heard,
;
dated 29th Yoosufy.
that the enemy^') has
(4th Fehruanj.')
detached a large force,
purpose of falling suddenly upon [or surprising] your army fore write, letter,
to desire
that you will,
(^) :
for the
we
there-
immediately on the receipt of this
take up a position at Dhdrwdr, and dispatching the whole of your
baggage into the country of
Nugr
[the province of
Bklnore\ remain yourself
•
is
(1)
the term f2)
.^
"
wliicli
an
Original
by
Original ^>iytj
the accursed."
enemy
Uj
is
The MahrattaUs
arc, of course,
usually designated.
which has been before explained,
here meant.
This
SELECT LETTERS OP
254 yourself with your
employ the
strictest
enemy should
You
army unencumbered/^^ Let
precautions.
it
not be
/*
on
must,
(God
this
forbid
!
point,
) that the
surprise you.
LETTER CCXXI.
An Khan
To TuRBiYUT
;
dated Seringapatam, 30th Yoosvfy.
(5th February^
Your
letter
has been received
You
<">
"
write,
that keeping
'*
in view [or looking to nothing else than] the proper execution of the
"
public business,(^> you
*'
to approve your zeal for our service,
'
fidehty
make no
and to discharge the obligations of
but that [nevertheless], owing to your
;
and labour only
distinction of persons,
destiny,^^*)
evil
these
" circumstances have not been made known to us by the superintendants " and Hurkdrehs of the post [or intelligence] department there [i. e. *'
Sa7igalore~\." It
is
Your
comprehended.
Impressed on our mind,
The
present situation.
employed
and,
and integrity are [duly]
respectability
therefore,
did
we
appoint
you to your
superintendant and Hurkdrehs are
aforesaid
to write the intelligence of that place
;
how
is it
possible, then,
that they should do otherwise than represent the actual truth to us
? (^>
You (3)
Original
i.iJ,jf
the
baggage of an army being sent away,
the
army
is
said to be
jureedah, (1)
A
long,
intelligible to
(2)
but immaterial passage,
me,
is
relating to pecuniary details,
and not entirely
here omitted.
OvigmaX J^j^ji ^j^ji^ Jpi
(3*) Original ci^ jjlt Jl^JijS
my fortune
literally
" from
the insufficiency,
or incompetency,
or fate."
(4) Literally,
*'
what power have they not
to represent the real truth to
us"
?
of
TIPPOO SULTAN. You moreover
state,
" accounts of the " the same *'
justly,
" that the cheumstance of your inspecting the and
receipts
and according to
*'
<
regulations,
extremely disagreeable to them
any saving [or deduction] can be
Your account of a
you must
certain person,
who
of that country, and
the balance of
misrepresented you
Whenever, by means of a reference to the
It is revealed.
issues of the Athounij,
affairs
^^
arises to tlie Sircur~\,
to the jli}ioumj~\, they had, in consequence,
to us/') "
and
prescribed in the rcgula-
tlie rules
[whereby a certain saving or advantage
tions
\j. e.
Athouny ,(^^ and examining
issues of the
" having rendered your interference
"
255
is
fairly
made
fearlessly carry the
who
is
in the receipts
same
extremely well versed in the
ready to undertake the realization of
eight lacks of jyagodas [due from
it],
as well as an
augmentation of two or three lacks on the present revenue,
By
dei-stood.
shortly be
God
the favor of
removed
into this matter.
tliither [i.
e.
What more
the Helper,
we
write
is
when we
un-
fully
our lofty standards
to Ba?}galore]y
shall
into effect.
will
will enquire
?
LETTER CCXXir. To Rajah
Your *'
letter
Ram Chundur
;
has been received.
issue to the eighty
men of
the
dated 3d Eezidy.
You
(8th Fehrua)y.')
" that you were about
write,
Ndimdr tribe,('> who had been
" rated into the Usiid llhyes, the regulated
ratious,^^^
to
incorpo-
and other advances,
(j) I
am
unacquainted with
indeed, several otlier ways. (0) Literally (1) Original
"
"
tliis
word,
wliicli
may be
read AOxoimy or Athoulif, and
Perhaps the intelligence department
may
be
meanu
participation."
^^L^ j^ j^is^.
j^J
las)
literally,
" they
opposition." (1)
Ntiimdr, usually
(2)
Original i_^1^
(.ailed
by the English Nairs.
set forth,
or state,
the words of
SELECT LETTERS OF
256 " vances,
" the
for their separate expences, J'royn the date
subject
but that Syed Peer £the Kilaadd.r~\ furthermore demanded
;
" certain arrears of pay and *'
period."
The
has
lost his wits].
the
men
rations,
aforesaid Kilaaddr
The
in question,
rations,
previoiisft/ to
Ram Chundur
such times as new
that
deprived of his understanding [or
is
fiom the date of our orders [on the
to be paid to
subject].
CCXXIII.
and Turbiyut Ali
Eezidy.
At
due to them
and other allowances, are
LETTER To Rajah
of our orders on
Khan
;
dated 4th
(9th Fehruari/.^
levies, or recruits, for the Jijshe
and Piddehs
are to be entertained [or taken into the service], you two, and Syed Peer [|the Kilaaddr~\,
ful] to entertain
in the Kuchurrj/, are [to be
assembUng together
none but proper and
eligible
You
men.
a muster of the men some time since admitted into the aforesaid Kilaaddr,
and dismissing such of them
to] be unfit [for the service], allow ("to
him pay
mind-
are also to take tTi/she,
by the
as shall [appear to
for those only
who
you
are
fit
be retained].
LETTER CCXXIV. To Budruz ,
'
Your two
Zuman Khan
letters,
;
dated 8th Eezidy.
with the enclosed memorandums of the Ndimdr [or
Nair'] captives, have been received
and
thirty-five^')
(I3lh Fehruari/.')
You
did right in causing a
hundred
of them to be circumcised, and in putting eleven of the
youngest
(I) If the following
hundred and
numbers are
thirty-five.
right, this
ought to be a hundred and
five,
instead of a
TIPPOO SUJLTAN.
257
youngest of these into the Usud Ilhije band [or class], and the remain-
Ahmedy
ing ninety-four into the
troop,(^>
consigning the whole, at the
You must
Nugr.
same
time, to the charge of the Kilaaddr of
strict
orders to the said Kilaaddr, to take the utmost care of these peo-
they shall not perish/^)
ple, so that
N.B. There follow here some unimjiortant (and not very respecting
give
certain
and
defaulters
others, subject
intelligible)
orders,
of
Budruz
to the jurisdiction
Zuman Khan.
OBSERVATIONS. from
It appears
this,
and some other passages, that the Sultan,
as if
pluming
himself particularly on the institution of the two troops, or corps, of Ahmedies
and Usud care
Ilhyes,
was extremely attentive to every thing relating
and management,
I
at the period of his death
am ;
to their proper
uncertain whether these corps continued in existence
but
it is
probable they did, as they are mentioned in
documents of a recent date.
LETTER CCXXV. To BuRiiANVDDEEN
Your
letter
;
Same Date.
has been received, and
We approve of your having,
its
(I3lh Febriiary.') contents are comprehended.
and con-
for the present, with the advice
currence of the Sipahddrs, encamped with your army in the vicinity of Killoor, which
[it
seems]
is
a safe and strong
(2) It
might be inferred from
tlie
tliis
Ahmedy and Usud
passage,
it
Original
^yLJ t-ili\i
"
that tliey
if
there
\v;is
any difTerence
in the consti-
consisted partly (if not eiitiifly) in
in the latter,
may
con-
will
tinue
tii.it
llhye corps,
younger converts to Islam were cniollcd
(3)
You
L
2
tution of the
position.
and the older
tliis:
in tlie forniur.
not be spoiled, or go to ruin."
that
SELECT LETTERS OP
258 tinue there,
and observe the utmost
vigilance,
and
cattle,
Hyder Ali Baig, one hundred
horse,
Dispatch the Daisi/e and his managers, with to the Presence, under charge of
and precaution.
care,
all
their effects
and two or three hundred Piddehs.
You have done
right, in taking possession of the
and Jdmooty, belonging
to Kittoor
and
;
trusty Sipahddr, Avith a garrison of three
two
villages of
in placing in the
Sipra
former fort a
hundred Piddehs.
OBSERVATIONS. The
orders contained in this letter, respecting the position to be occupied
Biirhanuddeen's army, are,
it
will
be perceived, at variance with those trans-
mitted to that officer about ten days before (Letter a retrogade
movement
to
by
CCXX).
Dhdncdr, which Burhanuddeen and
would appear to have thought inexpedient
:
and
The
latter directed
bis council of
in this opinion
we here
war
perceive
the Sidtan acquiescing.
LETTER CCXXVI. To
the
It
same ; dated Seringapatam, 9th Eezidy.
is
not proper or advisable, that your guns should be planted in
batteries,^'^
at a distance
your army,
in the
close
(I4th Pebruart/.')
[from your
lines].
You must
keep them near
same manner^^^ that you keep your army
and compact order, as directed
in Letter
itself [i. e. in
CLXXXVIII].
You must,
(1)
This
is
the word employed in the original,
it
having been
vcr)' generally
adopted by
the natives of India. (2) ••'
risjlit
»J^li' J^V* ^^^'^-'i ™^y ^il^o mean, " agreeable to the custom, or army :" but it strikes me, that the interpretation I have adopted is the
Original jy.^XjJ
practice, of your
one.
TIPPOO SULTAN. must, moreover, continual
and remain
vigilant
I
send out for intelligence of the enemy,
y(^>
and prepared
Keep
at your post/"*^
informed of these matters [or of
larly]
259
all
also,
us,
[regu-
occurrences].
OBSERVATIONS. The Sultan
appears, at this period,
attack from the confederate forces
undertook about
month
It
of
this time,
May
the commanders of which, however, did not,
and of which place they
finally obtained possession, in
following.
seems rather extraordinary, that the Sultan should have had occasion to teach
Burhanuddeen is
have been in expectation of an early
propose more at present than to cover the siege of Bdddmy, which they
I believe,
the
;
to
introduced
:
so obvious a lesson in tactics, as that with
but
it
must
be owned, that the information before us
also
scanty, to enable us to form
any
placed, as well as on the nature of the ground
All that
injudicious and dangerous
;
is
while
Much,
clear notion of the subject.
would depend on the actual distance from the camp
either of these points.
which the present
certain
it is
is,
;
at
and the
that
which the
letter
too
is
of course,
artillery
was
throws no light on
letter
Tippoo thought the disposition
likewise probable, that
when he formed
judgment, he possessed a distinct knowledge of the different
this
local circumstances
connected with the question.
LETTER CCXXVir. To Chishty
Your " ble
[/.
letter c.
Yar Khan
;
dated
Wth Eezidy.
has passed under our view.
duly qualified]
Original
^
(4)
Original
^J^ ^J^.
(I)
A
"
jictty officer,
represent,
Tarufddrs'^^^ are not to
2 (3)
You
L
(I6th
" that
sensi-
he procured at the
2
success! vcl}-, incessantly."
employed
FcLriiari/.')
in the collection of the land revenue.
*'
monthly
SELECT LETTEHS OP'
260
"
raontlily
*'
cution of the pubUc service cannot be expected from
*'
only a pagoda a month
*'
to authorize the different
wages of one ^w^Wff, and that the proper and
faithful exe-
men
receiving'
you, therefore, propose, with our permission,
:
Aumils
" monthly pay of the persons
in
to
make some
question,"
little
increase in the
Let the monthly wages of
the Turufddrs of the laaliiks [or districts] under you be fixed at
what
you may judge proper and necessary to their subsistence, to the end that the business of the Sircar
may
be performed in the best manner.
LETTER CCXXVIII. To
the
Your
Shanoor Waleh letter
What
does
it
you write on the subject of the Paishcush
signify
?
Let the Paishcush
histalments, to Nursia, the Deivdn of
is
understood.
in question be paid,
Nugr.
herewith enclosed for the said Dewdn, to
With regard
(20th Fehruari/.')
by Gopal Kishn has been received, and has given us great
What
pleasure.
Eezidw
dated \5th
;<'>
A letter,
whom
by four
to this effect,
you must foi-ward
is it.
to the malversations [or embezzlements], to the extent of
twenty-sLx lacks of rupees, ministers, &c. of that friend,
which have been established against the
you must examine into the account of the
same, and enforcing payment thereof, by flogging and other rigorous
means, transmit to us bankers' acceptances for the amount.
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter
dating in
its
is
rather
spirit,
more
than the
civil,
last
in point of style, as well as
more accommo-
one to the same person (Letter CLI).
Any
change, (1)
I.
e.
Abd&l Hukecm Khan, the Patan
cliicf
of Slulnoor.
I
have adopted a different reading, the name
before, that tliougli
I
nianuseript Sdnoor.
See Appendix, D.
ought to have observed is
always written
in tlie
TIPPOO SULTAN. change, in these respects, poh'tical motives,
to
any
though
it
may be would be
pretty safely referred, in the present case, to difficult,
particular source of that kind.
began now
to
261
But
at this time, to trace such a
change
as the operations of the belligerent*
take a direction, which must soon compel the
Patan
to declare
openly in favour of one or other of the contending parties, Tippoo's object, this
moment, might
at
be, either to conciliate that chieftain, or to conceal, under
an appearance of relaxation from his former demands, the design he had possibly already formed, of over-running his country, and of driving
him from
his capital j
both of which the Sultan did, very soon after the date of the foregoing
letter.
LETTER CCXXIX. To NuwAzisH Ali Khan,
aSo?? o/"
Eezivy.
Shujaaud Dowlahj
(2\st Februart/.')
[After compliments.]
Agreeably to your request we have
advanced a hundred rupees for your expences. pursuance of our orders, arrive [there.]
money, repair to the Presence. also a
Purwdneh
dated 16th
We
Undan SubhyO
will,
in
After I'eceiving the aforesaid
enclose a passport [for you],
for the above mentioned Subhy,
which you
and
will deliver
to him.
OBSERVATIONS. I
am
of this
uncertain whether the Shujaaud Dovvlah, mentioned in the suj)erscription letter,
be meant for the father of the present Nabob of Oude, or
nobleman of the Decan, bearing the same the Nahub of that successor, father,
name
left several sons,
title.
besides
It is well
fled
;
his
immediate
who, on the death of
from their brother's court, aud sought an asylum
some
known, however, that
Asophud Dowlah,
and Saadut Ali Khan, the present Nabob
for
among
their
the neighbourin
(1)
Name
uncertain.
SELECT LETTERS OF
262 Whether
ing powers.
determine
but,
:
or not Nuvvazish
AH
was one of
these, I
am
unable to
whoever he might be, the reception here given him was certainly
sufficiently discouraging.
He
is
no where again mentioned.
LETTER CCXXX. Khan
To BuDRUz ZuMAN
some Date.
;
Conformably with your humble and
ten,
and send
You must
herein enclosed.
is
request,(')
for your family [to join you].
(2\st Fehiniari/.')
a passport has been WTit-
dispatch the necessary equipage,
What more ?
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter is
inserted, for the purpose of showing,
whatever rank or consideration,
could,
when employed
both that no person, of at a distance
from the
have his family with him, unless by the express authority of the Sultan;
capital,
and that the tending
granted his servants this indulgence.
in the present conjuncture (the
it,
issue), to
latter, occasionally,
commencement of
Budruz Zuman Khan, strongly marks
His ex-
a war of doubtful
his confidence in the fidelity of
tliat officer.
LETTER CCXXXI. To Urshudullah Khak, Buktsut of
the
Ehsiiam ; same Date.
Q2\st February.^
Directing him,
afiter
recovering from the Kilaaddr of Kunnikgeery
amount of the embezzlements
the
established against the latter, to dis-
patch the said Kilaaddr to
('*>
Mentioning, (1)
(1*J ter,
Original ^U;Jc>-)l It is
" imploring, supplication."
not said in the original to what place the Kilaaddr was to be sent.
on the same subject, says
Seringapatam
is
meant.
'
to the fort "
Another
but without specifying what fort.
let-
Perhaps
TIPPOO SULTAN. Mentioning, moreover, that, in future, he to
263
is
not to take upon himself
remove or exchange any of the Kilaaddrs [within
his jurisdiction],
and desiring
without the express authority of the Sultan;
this to
be
considered as a most positive order.
LETTER CCXXXII. To LuTF Ali
Khan
Shah Noorullah Khan
and
Eezidy. Three
and three Puduks^^ of the value
of thirty-six thousand two hundred and thirty rupees,
You must open
affixed.
which our private
have been dis-
seal [or signet] has
and having examined
this casket,
its
and three Puduks,
three Kulgies, three Surpaishes,
mentioned [or referred to]
been
contents,
changed
for the
enclosed.
more valuable
Of
this
originally
our instructions [to you], bei7ig afterivards
in
considered hy us of insufficient value,
is
'^^^
whole up again, and keep the same [carefully] by you.
seal the
The
in a casket, to
dated 22d
(2'Jth Fchruary.^
Kulgies,^'^^ three Surpaishes,^-^
patched to you
;
set
now
on that account,
have,
sent,
been
and of which a memorandum
memorandum a copy must
be entered in our book
of instructions. (1)
The Kulgy,
ov
Kidghy,
the
is
plume of jewels which surmounts the
(2) Surpaich, ox Surpaish, \.hd.i\^\.\\c Aigrette. (3) I
am
not clear what
is
meant by a
a jewel, suspended from the neck. tion, 111
by
oflSccrs
this last sense
of a certain rank, it
It also
who
duty.
Equal to about
.^"4,500.
fPuduk.J
It
wear
:
it,
seems, however, to have been
appears to have been worn as a badge of distinc-
are, in consequence,
answered to our gorgtt
hideen, that the ofliccrs entitled to
(4)
'_^<^vi
and
it
sometimes called Piuluk-wdkhs,
FuthurMujdappear with it when on
tnay be collected, from the
were always obliged
to
264
SELECT LETTERS OP
OBSERVATIONS. The book Seringapatam
of instructions, ;
was
as
here mentioned,
also the journal of this very
not take copies of these curious documents,
many It
points, on
is
which we must be content,
a well established
Grand Seignor
the
Louis
XVI, but
was among the papers found
fact,'''
embassy.
I regret that I
at
did
which would, no doubt, explain
for the present, to
remain ignorant.
that this embassy, though ostensibly dispatched to
alone, was ultimately to have proceeded, not only to the court of
likewise to that of
London
;
the mission to the latter being ex-
pressly designed to veil the secret negociations proposed to be opened with France. therefore, the jewels
If,
of what was destined for
enumerated all
in the foregoing letter
the three courts mentioned,
it
comprized the whole
must be allowed, that
the meditated presents were not formed on such a scale of magnificence, as might
have been expected from an eastern prince, desirous of impressing three of the principal sovereigns of Europe with a is
possible, however,
high idea of his power and resources.
that the casket, specified
stituted only a part of the jewels intended to
The embassy was
finally
in this dispatch,
may
It
have con-
have been presented.
composed of four persons,
as appears
by the next
letter.
LETTER CCXXXIII. To
Ghulam Ali Khan, Lute Ali Khan, Shah Noorullah Khan, and Mahommed Huneee dated 24fh Eezidy. (\st March.^ ;
Your You
letters
write,
have been received, and their contents are understood.
" that
" on board the
all
ships,
the stores, supplies, merchandize, &c. are laden
and that you only wait
" Usud Ilhye men and the jewels, when you
for the arrival of the will
proceed [on your voyage]]."
{6)
See Colonel Beatsoii's N.irrativc, page 179.
TIPPOOSULTAN. voyage]."
It is
The men,
known.
26 it were dispatehed [from
in question,
hence] some time ago, and most probably have reached you before
The
jewels are
now
forwarded, and will arrive.
As soon
received them, hasten your departure, and do not let the
this.
you have
as
scason*^'^
escape
you.(-)
You
"
write,
" the season *'
that the season for sailing to
for JBtissorah
whatsoever
we may
" accordingly."
and
3Iiiscat
please
not yet over
Some time
since
;"
adding, " that
you
will
act
Othman Khan, a
ser-
and
reached Hussorah,
being dispatched by us,
vant of the Sircar,
passed, but that
is
order on this subject,
to
known.
It is
is
Juddah
thence proceeded to Baghdad, from whence he was sent on by the JBdiha [of the latter place] to Constaidinople is
with a
sixty days journey,
appears
[to us]
to
same route
that
;
we
is,
is,
first
understand,
Now
from Baghdad.
be most proper and advisable
proceed by the
should
caravan,
which, as
;
what
that you likewise
from
to Bussorah,
thence to Baghdad, and from thence to Coyest ant inojde.
our wish to obtain possession of the port of Bussorah in farm.
It is
Consequently,
we
to that place.(^)
reasons, well pleased at your going
are, for several
Proceeding thither, accordingly, you
the state of things there, and
make
examine
will
into
every [necessary] enquiry respecting
the port, where you will, at the same time, dispose of your mei'chundi'ze.
From thence you must
repair straight to Nujnf, the most noble
M
2 Oiigiiial
(2) Original
" do
not
(3)
i.
let it
c.
"
spectful
f^yt (mosevi) from whence, probabi}-, Monsoon. ,s:.> V'
\z
-...\'^
slip throiigli
j^^j-"
""J "
''^'"^'
'^°
(4) Culled usually
S'^'^
'''*^
season
fi'(
m
your
liantis ;"
or,
by the state of
liie
Monsoon,
tiiat
you should
to JudJah.'^
Niijuf Ushruf.
situated on the plain of
Yezecd and the sons of
"°'
your hands."
at its being reiulerctl necessary,
" 20 there, instead of
It is
where
our very humble duty, you will represent in the most re-
presenting
(1)
j^^)
Ali.
This
is
a place of great sanctity with
Kerbda, celebrated
for the
Mahommedans.
bloody battle fouglit there between
SELECT LETTERS OP
266 spectful
and submissive manner, that
be agreeable [to the priests in
if it
charge of the holy shrine] to have an aqueduct brought to Nujuf the
most noble ffroni the Euphrates], and they to that effect,
and money
for
we
will, in
its
the following year, send the necessary people
You must
construction.
answer which you may receive to
we may
particulars, in order that
You must
not
signify their pleasure
will
make any
report to us, at length, the
this proposal, together
with
all
other
act accordingly.
further delay, after the arrival of the party
[immediately on your
but proceed
of Usud Hhjes and the jewels,
Consider this order as positive.
voyage].
OBSERVATIONS. The
Sultan's project of acquiring possession of Bussorah was, probably,
By what means
any he ever entertained.
extravaofant as
such an object,
it
would be
instructions to the embassy,
would throw some were empowered
light
difficult to
and
on the
to offer
its
conceive
journal,
subject.
Mangalore
in
:
but
he could hope to attain it
is
probable, that the
which, no doubt, are
It has
been
exchange
for
said, that the it
:
but
I
tenances the notion
an exchange,
There the
is
it
;
since, besides its
letter
still
extant,
ambassadors
think
that a prince of the Sultans characteristic jealousy and distrust,
consented to such an arrangement: and the
as
it
unlikely
should have
before us certainly discoun-
not containing the most distant allusion to
distinctly speaks of his
wish " to farm
" the port in question.
reason to believe, that the Sultan's project of constructing a canal from
Euphrates to Nujuf,
relinquished; since Mirza
if
ever seriously entertained
Abu
Talib,
who
by him, was ultimately
visited this sanctuary in 1803, does
not mention such a work, though he has recorded a similar one, executed at the
cxpence of the
late
Nabob, Asophud Dowlah.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
26/
LETTER CCXXXIV. To BuDRuz ZiTMAN
After among
fixing*
Kha n
dated 25th Eezidy.
;
(2d March.^
a proper price on the coats which you have distributed
tlie Ji/ahe,
you
will
deduct the amount from their pay.
Issue to the Serishteddrs of the £/iih(hn, and to the Gomdshtehs, the
monthly allowances
There
our instructions to you.
specified in
is
no
necessity for transmitting to us fresh pay abstracts [for this purpose].
You
will also
make a
one
daily allowance of
pice^'^ to
such of the
children of the Koorgs, between five and ten years old, as you
may
think proper.
LETTER CCXXXV. To
Eezidy.
the same; dated 21th
Whatever number
of
Koorg women and
(4th March.^
children may, at this time,
be at Nngr, Koonly-doorg,^^*^ or elsewhere, must be collected together,
and the allowance formerly assigned
for their support be paid to them.
LETTER CCXXXVI. To
Mahommed Ghyas
Five months ago, we a
:
we
(!•}
A
pice
is
Name
letter,
together with
which we have hitherto had no
to
have, therefore, again dispatched two more Hurkdrelis,
2 (I)
(4th March.}
two Hurkdrehs a
Moodhojec Bhonsillah,
dress, to
answer
sent by
same Date.
;
M
2
a copper coin, ncaily of the value of u halfpenny.
uncertain.
whom
SELECT LETTERS OF
268
whom you must
secretly
yourself, with the letter
This matter
is
forward,
but not directly or avowedly from
which they have
to be kept profoundly secret.
in
charge for the aforesaid.
After being satisfied of the
[favorable] disposition of the aforesaid, you must, from time to time,
send a person to him, and privately sound his views
employing always
;
[on the occasion] such language as may be most conducive to the
improvement of [our mutual] friendship and regard.
OBSERVATIONS. The
reader will scarcely require to be informed, that Moodhojee Bhonslllah was
Rajah
the
The mode
of Berar, and one of the principal
of the
Mahrattah
state.
adopted by the Sultan, of drawing this person over to his interests,
would not appear
may
members
to have
much
consulted the dignity of the latter
;
however
it
have been demanded, by the caution necessary to be observed in such a
correspondence. this intrigue
;
I possess
but
I
no means of ascertaining what success Tippoo had in
believe that
part in the ensuing
Moodhojee Bhonsillah took
hostilities.'"'
It was,
indeed,
little
or no very active
the uniform policy of that
chieftain, in all the contests of his neighbours, to maintain, as long as possible (virtually, at least, if not formally),
such a line of neutrality, as generally
very doubtful to which side he most leaned: nor was he used to distinction,
on these occasions, between the
other circumjacent powers.
His son and
chiefs
of his
own
left it
make much
nation,
and the
successor, Raghojee Bhonsillah, has not,
however, adhered to his father's system, in this respect.
(1)
Letter
He
is
saiJ, in the
CCXCVII.)
to
Persian newspapers of
tliis
period (referred to
have quitted the Maiirattalj army some time
returned to Nagpoor, leaving his son at the head of a body of iiim.
by
Whether
this
five
in aiiotlier
instance at
July 1186, and to have thousand horse behind
apparent, though qualified, defection of the Bhonsillah was occasioned
the intrigue alluded to in the present letter,
of ascertaining.
in
is
a point which
I
do not possess the means
TIPPOO SULTAN.
269
LETTER CCXXXVII. ZuMAN Khan
To BuDRUZ
What
dated 28th Eezidt.
j
write, concerning the death of five
you
the smull-pox,
understood.
is
They
covered with underwood. ^'^
[?'.
e.
Two
collecting
may
is
best agree with them.
or three letters appear about this time, containing directions for
gram
(for the
consumption of twelve thousand stable-horse) in the direc-
tion of ^an^afore, Chinroydoorg, Ruttungeeri/, orders,
[thereahouts]
the Koorgs~\ must be kept where
the chmate [hterally, the water and air]
N.B.
3IorcIt.')
hundred Koorgs from
country
whole
Tlie
(5fh
which
also
and Sttmrpufn {Bulhdry). These
announce the early approach of the Sultan, were, no doubt,
preparatory to the rapid
movement which he was now probably meditating
against
Adoni.
LETTER CCXXXVIII. To ZvNUL Aabideen,
(GootyJ
Agreeably enclosed,
forward
With
to
;
Bukhshy
of the
EHsUAMatFrzE-YAB Hisar (6th March.)
dated 29th Eezidy.
your request, an order has been written, and
for the post
Hurkdrehs of Hnrry-hur,
to
whom
is
herehi
you
will
it.
what
respect to lead and powder, do you act according to
is
That you should pursue your own opinion,
written in your instructions.
in opposition thereto, occasions us the utmost surprise.^'*)
(1)
Original c:.„«j,U. (Jj3^
of this passage.
"
the country."
It
(I*)
The word
manuscript, after
may
But
signify,
in this
surprise
JU^ "
is
"
I
it
liavc considerable {i.e.
doubt
the small-pox)
case the word
,j
is
is
witli
regard to the meaning
spread, or prevails,
over
wanting.
here supplied on conjecture, a blank having been
complete, utmost," &c.
ail
left in
the
SELECT LETTERS OF
270
LETTER CCXXXIX. To BuRHANUDDEEN
;
Intelligence has reached
dutcd \st Byazy.
(J th March?)
us, ^tating, that Holkar, the
and other forces of the enemy, to the number of have
set out,
with an intention of falUng upon('>
It also appears, that the Vakeels of the
Guyckwdr,
thirty thousand horse,
tliat light
of our eyes.
Sorapoor man, as well as those
of the Zeminddrs of Gunjunghur, and other dependencies of the Sircar,
who
waited on the worthless^^) commander of the enemy, and opened
negociations with him, have
met with an encouraging
reception,
and
been directed to join the enemy's army with their respective troops. This is
written to that light of our eyes, by
way of
precaution [or, to put you
on your guard].
LETTER CCXL. To
the
same
;
dated 3d Byazy.
(9th March?)
Tukojee Hulkar and the Guyckivdr have moved towards you with foul intentions
:('*)
you
will,
therefore, take
up a position with your army
near the fort of Dhdrwdr, and omit not a single measure of precaution in that situation.
You
must, moreover,
enjoin
all
the inhabitants of
that quarter to be cautious and watchful.
OBSERVATIONS. The
Sultan seems here to revert to his former orders (see Letter
respecting the position to be occupied
CCXX)
by Burhanuddeen, but which he revoked by Letter
(1) Original >Xilw
j^li " pouring down,"
(2) Original ^Ij^li literally
Sultan,
"
no-lcader."
when speaking of any chief
(1*) Original aU^I
wi,U
or
as rain.
This
is
a favorite term of opprobium with the
commander among
his
enemies.
TIPPOO SUI.TAN. Letter
CCXXV,
and the superior (Letter
271
in compliance, apparently, with the suggestion of that general
officers of his
We
army.
shall
soon see him wave the point again.
CCXLVIII.)
LETTER CCXLL To Rajah
Notifying
Ram Chundur
to him, that
of Uang^a/ore, to
whom
sum of two
lacJcs
he must
recall
he had, of
[Ram
ahsence, or otherwise he
the
same Date.
;
his
(9th March.^
Sohhah Rao, the Serishteddr
own
authority, given leave of
Chundiir] would he held responsible for
of rupees due to the Sircar [that
Is
to say, remain-
ing to be accounted for] hy the aforesaid Serishteddr.
LETTER To
Mahommed Wasil, Kilaadar
of
Tarmurry ;
dated 4th ByAzy.
March.^
(10//t
Do
CCXLII.
you apply yourself to the care and defence of your fort; and
if
the vagabond cavalry of Hyderahad<^^ should again appear in your quarter, chastise
them.
Agreeably to your request, we enclose an order to the BuLhshy of the
Ehshdm
[at Gooty~\, to let
powder, for the use of your
you have a supply of fort.
Forward the same
LETTER
Dispatch
;
to the fort of
and
to him.
CCXLIII.
To Meek Moiiib Alt, Bukiishy of
CGootyJ
jjrovisions, lead,
same Date.
the
Ehsham at Fyze Hisar
(lOth March.^
Tdrmurry a supply of
provisions, lead,
and
powder, according to the [established] custom and regulations of the Sircar. (1)
"
Original jlj^ju*.
ijd.J\J\y^
wliich
Ht/clerabad" (i.e. the NizdmJ.
may
also be read,
"
tlie
cavalry of the vagabond of
SELECT LETTERS Or
272 [That
Sircar. fixed
is
to say, in the quantities or proportions of each article
by the regulations, either for the
fort
of Tdnmirry specifically, or
for a fort of that class.]
LETTER CCXLIV To
Ghulam Ahmed, Kazy of Nugr ;
dated 6th BrJzr.
(I2th March.)
We understand what you have represented, man
inhabitant of Lukoti/,^^^
" who was
in the
*'
images, in the manner of the ^/»c/oo5, and
*'
upon hearing of the matter,
*'
dren
" under a guard,
let
will deal
him
whom
you, inconsequence,
seized, together with his wife
and
chil-
Kuchurry of the Ehshdm, and keeping them
possessed, to the
You
habit of worshipping
dispatching what money, as well as gold and silver trinkets,
;
" they
regarding a certain Musul-
go.
till
you should receive our orders respectmg them."
with the aforesaid [offender] according to law, and then
In matters relating to our holy law, you are authorized to
act as you think proper [or, are independent].^-^
OBSERVATIONS. The
fact here recorded,
supposing the Kdzi/s statement to be correct,
curious one, because of rare occurrence
of
it.
I
offence
am ;
:
ignorant what punishment the
but
it is
is
a very
indeed, I never heard of another instance
Mahommedan
law has appointed for this
most probable, that the property of the present
culprit,
if
not
entirely confiscated, was, at least, heavily amerced.
(1) (2)
Name
uncertain.
Original
S)\k^
jji
J^\
i^,jii
?/-j^^jJ
Vi
^1
TIPPOO SULTAN
i?/*'
LETTER CCXLV. 2o BuRHANUDDEEN
You *'
You must
(Idied lOth
ByJzy.
(\iith
" that having dispatched your baggage
write,
victorious
;
army
is
now
light('>
not be precipitate
a [proper] opportunity of
;
March
to Misrycotah, our
and piepared for action."
It is
known.
but acting prudently and warily, watch for
punishment [on the enemy].
inflicting
If,
moreover, they should encamp near you, you must seek for a favorable
make
occasion, and
a night attack upon them.
LETIER CCXLVI. To
the
same
;
dated 24th ByJzy.
(30th March.)
In case the enemy should encamp near you, watching for a favorable
you must make a night assault upon them,
opportunity,
them
Your foragers and
signally.
country of the
on
interior,*^)
('*)
this side
must be sent
of you [that
is,
in
and chastise into the close
your rear].
OBSERVATIONS. It is curious to observe the
night assault to be that
mode
tises it as a
Sultan directing,
in this
made on the Mahrattah army,
of attack has been adopted
N
(1) Original >Jln>-
(2)
while, on other occasions,
base proceeding, worthy only of robbers.
There
is
Origiiiul
a
word
^Js ^A
iicre in llic
^yjjSi\
letter,
a
when
by the English against himself, he stigmi-
2
(1*)
and the preceding
manuscript
^j^ CJ^ji
illegible.
SELECT LETTERS OP
274
To
the
LETTER CCLXVir. Shanoor Waleh dated 26th BrJzr. ;
Agreeably
to your request,
we have
Qst
yJprili)
written and enclose an order to
Nursia, the Deivdn of Niigr, directing him to accept payment of that
end of three months.
friend's tribute^') at the
LETTER To Burhanuddeen
Your encamping Kdzy of Tdrkul
;
dated 2d
at
Forward the same
to him.
CCXLVIII.
Ahmedy, Year DulloS^*^ Qth April.')
Misrycotah, as well as your dispatching of the
was proper.
to the Presence,
Purwdnehs are enclosed
for the
According to your request,
Aumils of the
several Taalilks, as like-
wise for the [different] Kilaaddrs, directing them to furnish you [constantly] with intelligence of the enemy's [motions].
Let loose the marauding horse, and other predatory troops [with you],
upon the enemy's army, with orders
camp] horses without
numberS'^^
to capture and bring in [to your
Take
own army, and be always prepared
care [at the same time] of your
[or on your guard].
i
LETTER CCXLIX. To
Mahommed
In
like
Ali,
manner
as
Avmil
UfzulabJdy Nugr ;('**> same Date. Qth April.') of
you have caused two thousand
tants of Zuferdhdd, to flee [the country], even so
them back [or cause them Original
(1*)
Dullo, or the fortieth year of the cycle, corresponding to
(2)
Original
(2*)
am
must you send for
to return thither.]
(1)
(I**) I
Samories,^'^*^ inhabi-
^>^jj A.D. 1736-7.
J^ ^ J.^\
not acquainted with the situation of this place.
Tiie chief of this tribe
is
the person called by the Europeans the
Zamoruu
TIPPOO SULTAN.
275
LETTER CCL. Mahommed Abdullah,
To
Cutival of the
Ahmedy.
One
Army ;
dated 4th
(9th April!)
thousand two hundred and-forty two bullocks,
belonging to the
Usitd-Ilhye Kdtht/,^^^ and six hundred bullocks, belonging to the powder-
magazine, are appointed to be sent to for their being fed with thick milk,^^>
The
seer^*^ to every bullock.
pasture,^-)
where you must provide
at the daily
allowance of a
[necessary] cowherds must be
made
full
to
remain along with them at the pasturage, for the purpose of serving the curds; for which you are to take a regular receipt from
them
[i.
e.
from
the cowherds].
OBSERVATIONS. It is probable,
that the bullocks, here enumerated, were intended to be
on the expedition now meditated by the
ment
;S'M//a« against ^rfort/;
thither was intended to be very sudden
and
and
as
employed his
move-
rapid, the cattle selected for the
occasion would, of course, be previously brought into the best condition possible.
Thick, or curdled milk,
is,
I believe,
considered in India as particularly heartening
to oxen,
2 (1) A'JMj^ probably (2)
I
ratlicr tbitik,
means
that the
licrc,
name
N
3
" depot, or magazine." of
tlic
pasturage
is
given in the original
;
but, if so,
it is
illegible.
(3) Original
isJyua^
(4) Original
cJj liuk
is
the term
equal to about ten pounds avoirdupois).
which the Sultan substituted
for Seer
(a weight
^:
SELECT LETTERS OF
276
LETTER To
Darogha
the
CCLI.
Pvtn ;
of the Post- Office at
dated 6th
Ahmedy-
(11 /A April.
Such taken
to,
will be
fruits as
would
and deUvcred
forwarded as
spoil before
the Jinsy Toshth-khdneh, from whence they
at,
may
they reached our Presence, must be
be ordered.^
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter is given principally for the
at the date of
it,
moved from thence patam.
is
left ;
Serlngapatam.
but the
last letter,
purpose of shewing that the Sultan had, It
does not appear on what day he actually
purporting to be written from Sermga-
The
one dated l6th of Bydzy.
intermediate
the present one, do not happen to contain the
On
they were dispatched.
the 11th
Ahmedy
LETTER To Shumsuddeen
Directing
Khan
j
name
letters, to
the date of
of the place from
the Sultan writes from Bangalore.
CCLII.
dated 9th
Ahmedy.
the following books, written in a good
(I4th April.}
hand (not crabbed,
but plain and legible) to be taken from the Sultaris library,
patched to the Presence
IN
volume
Giiliifdn,
1
Bostdn,
1 ditto.
Voosi1/iividZuleekha,2 ditto.
(1) Original
Jwl^ juftUi- cu^l
y;>>-jL(
are to be stnt to." (2)
and
dis-
:
IN PERSIAN.
•'
whence
Perhaps the Amud-ndmeh
is
meant.
^.U-
DEKNY.
Khdlik-Bdry
Knreemdn
Amdun
literally,
"
^^^
I'ney will
send
tlK-na
where ihey
TIPPOO SULTAN.
277
OBSERVATIONS. appear in
Several orders, of a similar nature with the above, lection of letters.
As
the books in the foregoing
list
are
what may be
called school-
may
be concluded,
books, or such as are usually put into the hands of learners, that the Sultan was accompanied,
at this time,
the present col-
by one
or
its
more of
his
younger
sons.
LETTER To
Meer Mohib (Gooty)
On
Mukhshy of Ehsham, at Fyze Hisak dated Wth Aiimedy. (\Qth April.
Ali, ;
the subject of his securing the person of
of the Kundachdr, family
made
CCLIII.
;
who had
and intimating
Ram
Rilo, the Serishteddr
absconded, together with the persons of
to him, tliat
he [Moliih Ali] would otherwise be
amount of the claims against the
responsible [for the
all his
fugitive].
LETTER CCLIV. 2b
the
Sanoor Waleh
[After compliments].
dated
;
.
.
.
BAXGALonE, same Date.
What you
(IHt/i Aprit.)
write, respecting the severity with
which Rukhunder Naik, &c. press the payment of the eight lacks of rupees [due to us by you], as well as your request, that
we would send
orders to
the aforesaid Ndik, to desist from his rigorous proceedings in regard to this
money,
is
understood.
Agreeably to your
mitted [the necessary] directions to us,
acconipunicd
tlie
Nd/k,
by the same persons,
whom
luive trans-
you
will
send back to
on your part,
attended upon us; in order that, a valuation being
them] of the gold, the
we
desire,
trinkets, the jewels,
made
who
formerly
in [concert
with
&c. which have arrived in cliarge
SELECT LETTERS Or
278
charge of Weethul Doss, the banker, the same into the Sircar
You *•
having
*'
that quarter,
*'
the danger occasioned by the enemy's
that
lately increased, the
" and that
have,
this
husbandmen,
It is
will soon
be
comprehended.
repelled,^')
in ;
God,
the Aider,
and receive the proper
After the confidence and tran-
reward of their unjust proceedings.(^) quillity
and others
inhabitants,
the reason of your not having been enabled, hitherto,
is
enemy
the
approach
taken the most serious alarm
consequence,
in
to satisfy our fair claims."
pleasing,
be [duly] dehvered
paid into our treasury].
[i. e.
"
write
may
of the husbandmen, &c. shall have been restored, you must apply
yourself to the discharge of our demands.
With a view
to
aforesaid banker,
your ease and satisfaction, to our Presence
&c.(^)
and importunity, respecting pecuniary the re-establishment of
N. B. There
of Abdul
Dileer Jung,
Hukeem Khan,
the
whom
I
the
in order that all controversy
affairs,
What more
quiet.^*)
follows a letter, of the
Khan Behadur
;
we have remanded
may
shall
same date and
be suspended,
we pen
tenor,
till
?
addressed to Dileer
conclude to have been the principal minister
Nabob of Sdnoor.
LETTER CCLV. Khan
To Shumsuddeen
;
dated
Bangalore, 16th Ahmehy.
(2\st April?)
After some
directions, concerning certain gold ornaments,
workmen belonging (1) Original
t^L.* jj^
(2) Original
,iy^j\y*i>\j
(3)
to the
"
which the
Tosheh-khdneh (of which Shumsuddeen was
setded, repelled."
Jj^
literally,
"
their uneven actions."
This would appear to refer to Rakhunder Naik.
(4) Original
A^s^
*-iJi literally,
'« till
the settlement of the pending dispute, or troubles."
TIPPOO SULTAN. were employed
supcrintendant)
tbe
proceeds
You
2/9
uuiklng
in
up,
the
thus
letter
:
write.
" that the druggists (') require payment for the
articles
" [furnished by them], and that you wait our orders on the subject."
It
that you have entirely laid aside your instructions, and
appears by this,
never peruse them.
If
it
be written therein, that the articles purchased
for our use are to be paid for, they
must accordingly be paid for:
be written, that they are not to be paid for, paid
(^)
if it
[then] they must not be
for.
OBSERVATIONS. If the foregoing letter,
in
its
which
most plain and obvious
a close translation of the original, be understood
is
sense,
oppressive system of requisitions,
French is
made
for articles
in his instructions
;
we
shall
be obliged to conclude, that the
adopted some years
was already known
revolutionists,
possible, however, that his
to be
.
after the date of
MJtJJ J>jj
is
purchased on his account, in such cases only as were specified
and
that,
admissible,
>iy^ '^J'J^j^
the tradesman was expected
in all other instances,
I will
^^T!-^ ij-i^
^
A-Ij ^_5^
^b^L-J wlio arc also dealers
(2) Original
JUic
how
better enabled to judge
in various
U^J^J^ XJ\jJ^j
in spices
This word usually moans
employed
and convenience of the far this
here transcribe the original passage.
(1) Original
(particularly chemical)
It
meaning might have been, that prompt payment was
That the Persian reader may be the
interpretation
by the
and practised by, Tippoo Sultan.
to,
to submit the period of satisfying his claims to the pleasure
Sircar.
it
by
uJ)} lJj_
\ji^\>
and groceries.
sjiiccs
;
but
it
chemical operations.
refers to soiuc articles u( tlic latter kind, used
Jul
goldsmitlis.
also si<;nifics the materials
la this place,
it
probably
SELECT LETTERS OF
280
LETTER CCLVI. To BuRHANl'DDEEN
;
HaXGALORE,
dfltcd
(22d
You
state,
AhmEDY.
I'Jth
April.')
" that the Kilaaddr of Dhdrwdr having dispatched to our
" victorious army
thirty-five
thousand pagodas, over and above the
fifty
" thousand which we had ordered, you had detained the additional sum, " and waited our directions respecting it." It is known Apply the
money
said ishall
to the use of your
army
;
and when, hereafter, a fresh order
he issued to the above-mentioned Kilaaddr to transmit you a fur-
ther supply,
let
the present thirty thousand pagodas be deducted from
the amount.
You
write, " that
you had detached
u^Jlisdla of horse
and a Kushoon
/' of Jyshe through the woods, with orders to chastise the enemy, if a *'
favourable opportmiity for the purpose offered, but otherwise to return
*'
to the
army by the same route."
It is
known.
In future, you must
not detach the Jyshe [on such service], but only separate [or straggling] parties of horse, to
whom
you must give orders
to seize
and bring
in all
the camels, horses, and other booty they can.
LETTER To MiRZA
CCLVII.
Mahommed Khan Behadir Sumsamul Mulk \Wi Ahmedy.
[After compliments]
;
dated
(24th April.)
Your
friendly letter,
announcing your
firm intention of repairing hither with the troops belonging to you, has
been received, and afforded us the greatest satisfaction. ofj
coming hither
is
highly approved [by us].
Your
[intention
Proceed in the execution of
TIPPOO SULTAN.
281
of your purpose with the utmost confidence and security, and make us hapj)y by an interview,
which we are extremely impatient.
for
The
distance [between us] being considerable, you should bring- along with
By
you as great a force as possible.^
you such appointments,
the grace of God,
we
shall
make
Jageers and money, as shallbe entirely
in
satisfactory to that friend.
The
rosary, kneeling-carpet,*'-) &c., whicli
friendship,
arrived,
you sent us
and afforded us the utmost pleasure.
the bounty of the Almighty,
we
worldly
being religious
curiosities,(^> yet these,
possess an
as
Although, by
inconceivable rarities,^^^
tokens of
number of
are esteemed by
us equally with the richest treasures.<^> It
was our wish and intention
ther with some jewels, &c.
to have sent that friend a dress, toge-
but
;
by the Hurkdrehs having declined
we have been to take
prevented from doing so,
charge of them, on account of
the dangers of the road.
OBSERVATIONS. I
who Sumsamul Mulk
have no certain knowledge
presents, disaffected
spoken of in the
Omra
letter,
of the court o^
was.
The
interchange of
rather discountenances the idea of his being a
Hyderabad
could hardly have escaped detection, and
;
is
since a correspondence of that sort
not likely, therefore, to have been
hazarded, during the existence of actual hostilities between the two states.
same objection
applies to the supposition of bis belonging to the train of Dariijah
(the son of the late Busalut Jung,
and nephew of the Soitbah) who, 2
(1)
Witli a view to rendering
(2) Original
ijjs"
tlic
liis
at this period,
O
junction the more secure.
carpet on wiiicli Musuliiians kneel during prayers.
(3)
Original
^yji^[^
(4)
Original
^li
(5) Original
The
iAsL
.xi
held
SELECT LETTERS OF
282 held Adoni in appenage.
The former
deration, that none of the
memoirs of Nizam A\i Khan,
conjecture
is
further opposed, in
my
by the
consi-
possession, notice
the defection of this, or any other person of distinction, from his service, during
But whoever
the present war.
this
SumsamiU Mulk
negociation with the Sultan proved abortive, since
was,
it is
probable that his
we hear no more
of
him
after
this time.
LETTER To Meer KAzim, Darogua
Three receipts
letters
at
CCLVIII.
Muscat, same Date.
(24th April.')
from you, accompanied by two statements of your
and disbursements, have passed under our view.
You have done
well, in
buying and lading on our ships,
rock-salt,^')
instead of sapphires.^^)
For the
you
future,
will, in
like
manner, send rock-salt instead of
sapphires.
The
carpenters [or ship-wrights] at Muscat construct very excellent
Dows and ters
whatever money they
them
Muscat
factory of
Mahommed, all affairs
the
may
to four or five of these carpen-
require for their expences,
and dispatch
Mangalore.
to the port of
The
any
You must advance
D'mgies.
is
placed under the authority of
Aumil of Mangalore
:
you
are, therefore, to
Ghulam conduct
according to his directions, and not to require our orders in
case.
Send (IJ
Original
(2)
Original
that assigned to cultv.
Jjjk clCw " >ock, or mineral
Jj it,
(JJu«j I
am
"
sapphire stone."
unacquainted with
it ;
salt."
If this
term have any other meaning than
and yet
this
esplanution
is
not free of
diffi-
TIPPOO SULTAN. Send some young
date-trees/^) with persons skilled in the
Buy
of them, to the Presence.
on our
all
management
the sulphur you can, and lading
same from time
vessels, dispatch the
Ghulam
283
it
to time.'^^
All KhA,n, Shilh Nooriillah, &c. have, by our orders, pro-
way of
ceeded to Constantinople, by the
3Xuscat.
Advise us, in due
time, of their arrival.
You must
take care and
cardamums, belonging
sell
the sandal wood, black pepper, rice, and
to us, to the best advantage, sending
of your sales and purchases regularly to
The accounts
an account
Ghulam Mahommed.
of receipts and disbursements,
which you
sent,
are
[This had been already mentioned, in the beginning of the
arrived.
present letter]. Saffron
seed of
is
it.
Get the Dulldl [broker] collect silk-worms,
them
:
Procure and send us some of the
the produce of Persia,
to write to his agents in different places, to
and persons acquainted with the manner of rearing
and [having procured them]
let
them be dispatched
to
us.<^>
Procuring, moreover, some [pearl] divers from Bahrein and Hoormilz
;
and making them whatever advances they may require
for their
expences, dispatch them hither, together with their families.
Sending,
likewise,
asses, dispatch
We
them
to Btlstakh,
and getting from thence
five
large
to us.
have received your account of the occurrences of that quarter
and of Persia.
We have given
Continue to make similar communications. directions to
Ghidam Mahommed
galore'] to sell rice, &c. to every
[the
merchant producing a
Aumil of Man-
certificate \chitty']
from you. 2 (3) Original (4)
Oiigiiial
(5)
The
O
2
^^^,^ y\
ijL^^
instructions oi
x.\\c
Sultan io the Meer-Asofs or revenue department (issued in
i793) contain particular regulations respecting the culture of the silk-worm.
SELECT LETTERS OF
284
OBSERVATIONS. It will
probably have been observed by the reader, that several of the Sultan's letter, for
former orders are repeated in the foregoing
them
for the third time.
may be
It
He will,
the second, and some of
from the seventh paragraph of the present
inferred,
to Const ayitinople had, at this time, actually departed
embassy
them
hereafter, be seen to reiterate
again.
letter,
that the
from Mangalore.
LETTER CCLIX. To
Ghulam Mahommed, Aumil
of
Mangalore
;
same Date.
(24th Apriir)
We
send herewith three
letters,
and
Meer Kazim
disbursements, received from
statements of receipts and
tvj^o :
read and keep them care-
by you.
fully
You who
are to
rice,
sell
brings you a
chitti/
The above-mentioned
&c. [freely] to every merchant from Mtiscat, [or certificate] from [i. e.
Meer Kazim.
Meer Kazim]
instead of sapphires, has
bought and sent on our vessels a quantity of rock-salt. thing
is
the said rock-salt
countiy or not
Meer Kazim
?
and
:
Communicate
is
What
there any consumption of
sort of it
in this
[to us] every particular regarding
writes, that he has sent a sample of
it
:
let
a
it..
the said sample
be forwarded to us.
OBSERVATIONS. It
would appear, from the beginning of Letter CCLVIII, that Meer Kazim
had actually dispatched some cargoes of sentence of Letter
of
it.
However
CCLIX
this
might
it
might be
be,
it is
rock-salt
;
while, fi-om the concluding
inferred, that
he had sent only a sample
curious enough to observe the Sultan, in one
and
TIPPOO SULTAN.
285
and the same moment, enquiring the nature of the commodity in question acknowledging himself ignorant, whether or not there was any demand for
among
his
subjects
and yet directing
;
it
to be
;
it
shipped for Mysore, by every
opportunity.
LETTER CCLX. To Me SiPAHDAR, SyED GlIUFFAR
;
dated
BaNGALORE, 24thAHMEDY.
(29th April.)
We have received your application for letters from us to the Jumaaddrs of the enemy's army. We shall arrive soon in person in that quarter, when, considering
this
matter duly, we
will give
our directions £or
determine] accordingly.
You
know our
request to
who has
pleasure regarding the pay of your brother,
heen lately raised to the rank of a Risdladdr.
The monthly pay
of that rank, according to the former regulations of the Jyshe Kuckurry, is
ten pagodas, exclusive of an allowance of twelve annas fulmy^^^ for
every
man
Let him be paid accordingly.
mustered.^-^
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter affords
another proof of the strange division of
upon
which apparently belonged,
a point of considerable delicacy
in a peculiar
mander-in-chief (Burhunuddecn). suggestion of the Sipahddr larity in
military authority
We here perceive a subordinate officer corresponding
in the armies of the Sidtun.
directly with his sovereign,
tlie
;
and importance,
manner, to the jirovince of the com-
It is true, that the
Sultan does not adopt the
but neither does he hint, that there was any irregu-
it.
I
(1) Original (2)
^jiij
ij] is.ij\^Jij
^
Perhaps recruited may be meant.
am
286 I
SELECT LETTERS OP
am bv no means
satisfied,
relating to the
pay of Syed
perj)lcxe(l, or I
may
that
I
have correctly translated the paragraph Either the original
brother.
Gliuffiir's
not rightly have understood
its
is
extremely
technical phraseology.
LETTER CCLXI. To BuRHANDL DDEEN
We
have received your
;
dolcd 2Gth
letter,
"
(\st Moy.')
informing us, " that having dctaclicd
" Shaikh Unser and Syed Ghuftar *'
Ahmedy.
to the relief of
Kit too)-, the former,
taking a different road [from that pursued by Syed Ghuffar], had
upon the enemy's entrenchments, and
fallen^')
after
putting to the
*'
sword, or taking prisoners, a thousand of their Piddehs, had entered
*'
Kittoor
:
that Syed Ghuftar, having proceeded by another route,
" attacked a small
fort [or redoubt], in
had
which the enemy had placed a
*'
garrison of five hundred men, the whole of which were either killed
*'
or
((
picquet of the enemy, consisting of a thousand horse, of great part of
made
" which he '*
prisoners
that
:
after
made booty ,(-^ and
this
he surprised,
in the
then got [in safety] to Kittoor
night,
:
a
finally,
that having infused due confidence into the garrison, and supplied the
" place with provisions and stores, both Sipahddrs, uniting their forces,
" directed their march back by a road leading through the woods
" that you expected them
" twenty-four hours.
to rejoin the victorious
You
proceed to
state,
army
" that
;
and
in the course
as soon
of
as they
"
arrive,
*'
us ;"
*'
belonging to the Sircar, are constantly bringing in horses taken from
*'
the enemy, which, agreeably to our orders, you purpose relinquishing
"
to them.
you
will
muster the horses [taken], and report the same to
and you add,
" that the Kuzzdk [or predatory] cavalry,
It Original
j\sil
(_aIUr«
(2) Original
i.\j^
ei
(1)
^*^-^J\-tr.>
'
J^-
•\
" brought away
in
booty /!HWi«/c« horses."
TirPOO SULTAN. It
Upon
known.
is
and report
tain,
287
the two Siphaddrs rejoining you, you must ascerthe particulars of the gallant behaviour
to us in detail,
of our troops [in the recent engagements]
in order that
;
we may give
directions for their being rewarded [according to their deserts].
what number of horses
likewise,
You *'
been taken from the enemy.
liave
" that seven hundred Piadehs from N^ugr, with a Serish-
write,
and the Kikuiddr Husainy Baig, had arrived
teddr,
" the purpose of garrisoning Killoor, " dispatched the men and the " too
"
" back
Serisliteddr ; but that
You moreover
recovered."(^>
Dhdrivdr Ghous
to
" that
say,
in
your camp,
foi-
and that you had accordingly
is
it
Mahommed Khan,
Husainy Baig being
be sent as soon as he
to proceed thither at present, should
ill
State,
your intention to send
the second Mimshoor^^^ of
" that place."
You
uuist
Mahommed Khan, who Dhdncdr,
to
[command
has
at] K'Utoor. all
who have
we may bestow rewards on them
You must
by his activity at
distinguished himself
Report to us the particulars of order that
and send Ghous
keep Husainy Baig with your army,
exerted themselves, in
alsoS^^
inform the aforesaid Mun^hoor, Ghous
Sheer Khrm, the jlumil [of
KHtoor\
that
if
Mahommed, and
they should find the place
untenable, or in want of provisions and other supplies, they must not sacrifice
woods
our troops
to the
army
:
in its defence,
for
non-existence of which
is
it
the
is
but evacuating
hut a
mound of
same thing
\_i.
e.
is
it,
repair through
tlie
the existence
and
cluy,
of no importance either
way.] (3)
The
original
is
very obscure
in
this place,
or three worcN, by supplying which the passage to have
is
owing, apparently to the omission of two rendered
intelligible.
IlCisainy
Baig seems
been proceeding to Kittoor, as Kilaaddr of that place.
(4)
A
(5)
This appears
graph of
Munslioor would appear to have been a kind of town- major, or
this letter.
to
foi t
adjutant.
be no more than a repetition of the order given in the second para-
SELECT LETTERS OF
288
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
uncertain whether
tlie
enemy, here spoken
of,
was the Mahrattah army,
or only an assemblage of the adherents of the captive Daisi/e, which had attempt-
The
ed to regain possession of Kittoor.
circumstance, however, of apicquet of a
thousand horse, renders the former supposition the most probable.
The
Sultan appears to have been well satisfied with the conduct of his troops on
this occasion
and
:
if their
success was really so extensive as represented
hanuddeen, he had reason to be
But
so.
by Bur-
his report (as recited in the letter before
expressed in too vague and general terms, to be considered as decisive evidence
us)
is
on
this point.
To the some
After some
;
LETTER
CCLXII.
dated 2'Jth
Ahmedy.
May^
orders for completing- the different Risdias of the
speedily as possible, and for filling
ddr, the letter thus concludes
A Eisdiaddr
(2d
up the vacancies
in the
army
as
rank of Risdla-
:
[formerly] belonging to the Bisdla of General Matthews
has been sent to join you from the Presence.
What you
write, with
regard to our issuing orders for your being supplied with the musquets
you are in want
when
of, is
understood.
We shall shortly arrive in that quarter,
the necessary orders will be given.
LETTER To DiLEER
CCLXIir.
Khan Behadur Dileer
Jung^^') dated 28tk
Ahmehy.
(3d Mai/.)
[After compliments] " sowing
You
write,
" that
it
is
now
the
season, and that, on this occasion, as well as for the purpose
of (1)
The minister of Abdul Hiikcem Khan, the Nabob of Shdnoor.
TIPrOO SULTAN.
289
" of realizing the claims of the Sircar, the presence of Mulhary Pundit
" and of
his son
a matter of the utmost consequence
is
"
therefore, request
"
us,
"
Riio, along with
we
Avill
and allow you to send
Inasmuch
as
revoke our orders for their attending upon
Ram
Rakhundcr
it is,
Tummana
whom we
repair to our Presence,
we must
It
is
known.
at this time, that
have certain points to discuss, should
repeat our former desire, that the zvhole
may
The negociation
and Winkut
Pundit,
room."
Niiik, in their
the ahove named, with
hunder Naik.
Rao,
on several accounts, necessary,
of your managing servants^-^
and that you,
;
be dispatched to us, along with Rak-
[or discussions alluded to] being termi-
nated, they shall receive their dismission
[?'.
e.
be permitted to return to
you].
OBSERVATIONS. It
may be concluded,
both from the reluctance of the Patau chief to send Mul-
hary Pundit and his son requiring
tlieir
to
Serlngapatam, and the pertinacity of
Sultan in
tlie
attendance, that these persons were particularly well acquainted with
the resources of the country, and perhaps with the personal property of their master,
both of which, there confiscation.
I
am
is
reason to think, Tippoo had, at
tliis
time, devoted to
unable to say, whether or not the individuals in question
matelyrepaired to the Sultans court
but as Abdul
;
Hukeem had most
already determined not to wait the arrival of the Sultan at
SMnoor,
it
ulti-
probably
may
be
presumed that they were not dispatched.
LETTER CCLXIV. To BuRHANUDDEEN
You must
samt' Date.
;
relinquish [or give up] whatever horses
taken from the enemy to the captors, of
2 (2) Original
(3d
JJ^\
'«
Men
of business."
P
whom
you
71/f/y.)
and camels may be will
buy as many of theui
SELECT LETTERS OP
290
them
as they themselves
which to
to be paid(') to
is
them
sell
The
may
not want, at a cheap and reasonable price,
They must not be allowed
them [immediately].
elsewhere/^)
Jiimaaddrs,
who happen
to
have brcthren^^) with them that are out
of employ, should be directed to mount the
latter
and bring them to be mustered and enrolled
in
We lately sent orders to of Kiitoor,^^^ and direct
it
you
to
on the captured horses,
our
service.
withdraw the garrison of the small
to rejoin your
army by
the road through the
woods.
We now
you
send such supplies of provisions, &c. to the said
will
fort
write to countermand those orders, and to desue, that
may
fort, as it
be in need of; for we shall shortly come in person to that quarter, and the enemy, moreover, have retired from thence.
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
uncertain whether by the small fort oi Kittoor, the Sultan means the principal
name,
fortress of that
detached post
lately wrested
such as that mentioned in Letter
;
by Syed Ghuffar, on his coming in the report of I rather think, it is,
CCLXJ,
to the relief of Kittoor
Burhanuddeen, contained however, that Kittoor
in Letter
itself is
on other occasions, sometimes called a
the provisional order for
ajjj
;
as
having been taken
or the small fort noticed
the place intended
and sometimes a
The
order for
;>tjj/m«!/
may appear
to
be superfluous
;
x^
CCLXI (and
bably the order alluded to in the present dispatch) appears free from
(1)
or
CCLXL
evacuation, contained in Letter
its
or only an outwork
from the Daisye,
all
both because
and because which
is
pro-
ambiguity. (i)
after that oi purchasing
;
but
it
must be recollected, that yayjn^ did not, \n Tippoo's practice, necessarily follow buying. See Letter
CCLV.
(2) Original (3)
^j-j
or,
" without"
Original cfplji °^i
"
/.
e.
to strangers.
'"®" ^^ *^''" °^^" tribe," following them in hopes of employ-
ment. (4)
Original
(5)
By
j^^
Letter
the diminutive of iul>
CLXIX
Paith, or outer town.
it
appears, that Kittoor consisted of two forts (or castles),
and a
TIP-^OO SULTAN.
291
LETTER CCLXV. Circular
to the following
BuDRUz ZuMAN Khan The
Kazy of NuGR ;
Tile
Dewan
of
BvlhJryJ The
Bukhshy
and
ditto, at
SAR, (GootyJ Tlie ditto
Fyze Hi-
ditto, at
(^Gooty)
;
The BuKHSHiES of the two Jyshe
Ban-
Son-in-law
The BuKHSHiES of the five Bar-
to
GEER KUCHURRIES;
;
BuDHUN Shah, son of Awkil Shah The Kazy of Serjngapatam ; The Dejfan and Bukhshy ofJLnSHAM at ZuFERAJiAD, (GuR-
Bu rhanuddeen MiRZA Hyder Husain DiLEER DiL Khan; The FoujDAR and Bukhshy ;
;
;
ramcooxdaJ ;
NvGR ;
In the time of the seal [or
Ehsham at Calicut; Syed Ahmed Saheb The Kazy of Bangalore ; of Manga lore.
last]
of the Prophets (with Avhom be the
and peace of God) the divine commands were promulgcd.
2 P 2 am
not clear that
of
;
The Umldar^^^
blessing
andDowLVT Khan,
KVCHURRIES ;
Aata-ullah-Shah
The KiLAADAROf
of Serixgapatam ;
The KiLAADAR of Fyze Hisar
galore ;
Shah,
;
KilaadAr, of FurrukH" YAB HlSAR (ChITTLEHOORg) ;
and ditto, at the Presence.
NuBBY
SVMRPUTN
of
the
;
The BuKiisiiY of
ditto
The DE/rAN,
of
EhSHAM at SERiyOAPATAMj TJie ditto
KiLAADAR
TJie
;
ditto.
I>EirAN and
The
Persons ; dated from Muloong,^^^
Since
then
name rightly. No such place occurs in our maps ; but cannot be far distant from Bangalore, and must be situated between that place and Great Da!apoor. ( 1
I
(2)
In the original
I
read
this.
it
transcriber for
stanJard-bearer," which I take Jj Ac or ^bj.^ A " collector or manager of a district." <•
to be an
error
of
the
SELECT LETTERS OF
292 owing
then,
to the decline of the true faith
they have ceased to be promulged
now
Almighty God,
and signature, to serve
You
therefore,
commands
;
and, accordingly,
as a guide to the true faith.
manner
to explain the
to the Kdzy,^'^'^ and to the other
Isldm,
the help of
witli
are enclosed, herewith, under our seal
are, in the best [possible]
people of
wc,
issue the aforesaid
commands
the above mentioned
:
under the succeeding princes,
same
to
all the
superiors of
your
Kuchurry [or department], considering the communication thereof to the most incumbent and obligatory duties of
the ignorant as one of religion
:
for such
You must
is
the recompence of holy war.W
commands herewith
sent to be
same among the people of the
faith, the
cause numerous copies of the
made, and must
distribute the
Kdzies and others belonging to your department,
may
to the
end that they
obtain the utmost publicity.
OBSERVATIONS. Nothing can be worse written than the
Though
short, it
original
of
this miserable
perhaps, as perplexed a production as any that ever })rocccded
is,
from the pen of the Sultan, who, most probably, dictated every word of proclamation to which
it
script, is in a better style,
medan
A
circular.
refers,
and which immediately
follows
it
it.
The
my manu-
in
and was, no doubt, drawn up by some of the
Mahom-
theologians of his court.
translation of the proclamation here mentioned, appeared, in the year 1793>
in the
Appendix
Cornwallis's last
to
Major Dirom's judicious and
Campaign
against
Tippoo Sultan
interesting Narrative of ;
and
if
Lord
that publication were
not
(3)
Here, instead of the
as minht
being directed to explain the divine word to true believers,
have been expected, the governors of
Kdzy and
forts,
&.c.
are to explain
it,
buth to the
to the people at large.
(4) Original
between
Kdzy
this
ci^y^^
j\p.j^\ ^«isH^
and the preceding sentence.
I
confess
I
do not
clearly perceive the
connexion
TIPPOOSULTAN. not
now become very
toil, for the
scarce,
document
would be
it
in question:
it
293 perhaps, to refer the reader
sufficient,
proper, however,
is
the
to observe, that
Persian original, from which Colonel Read's translation was taken, appears to have differed,
some
in
latter the following
indebted to the
from the copy recorded
respects,
a
is
version,
faithful
for
which
Mr. Stewart,
kindness of
Of
in the official register.
am,
I
in
measure,
a great
Hindostany
Arabic, and
Persian,
the
Professor at the Honorable the East-India Company's Oriental College at Hertford.
The
abounds so much
original
the Arabic
is
in quotations
my knowledge
from the Koran, and
of
so limited, that, without such assistance, I should have hesitated at
submitting a translation of
it
to the reader.
Proclamation, or Manifesto, of Tlppoo SultanJ^''
" Whereas, " [which say]
.
*'
.
. .
"
it is
conformity with the
in
"
'
Fight with those
"
'
last
"
'
lawful,
"
'
and profess not the true religion
"
'
unto
"
'
tribute
day
who do
God and
and who do not consider those
;
which God and
whom by
believers,
and openly
have prohibited,
Propliet
his
;
and
things as un-
[fight] with
the scriptures have been given, until
right of subjection,
who have turned
and be reduced
those,
they pay
low.'
w
that those worthless and
aside their heads from obedience to the
raised the standards of infidelity, should be chastised
faithful,
and made either
" or to pay tribute: particularly
to
acknowledge the true
when, owing
at this time,
religion,
to the imbecility of
princes of Hind, that insolent race having conceived the futile opinion,
" the true believers are become weak, mean, and contemptible
" even with "
the Prophet
not believe in God, and in the
our constant object and sincere intention,
" by the hands of the
" the
of
,
stiff-necked infidels,
" true
commands
territories
this,
but,
preparing for war,
;
and not
have over-run and
laid
tliat
satisfied
waste the
of the Moslems, and extended the hand of violence and injustice on
" the property and honour of the
faithful.
[Wherefore]
(5) (6)
There
is
no
title
or inscription to this
Chapter IX of the Koran.
document
in tlic manuscript.
294
SELECT LETTERS OP
" [Wherefore] we,
trusting to the
" our holy rehgion [according
divine
.
*'
'
Oh
"
*
will
*'
'
Believe in
**
*
religion with
•*
*
*'
*
you your
"
*
which
.
it
deliver
you from a
God and
shall obtain]
'
assistance
" gence from the
.
.
" of the
and agreeable habitations
from God and a speedy
you
,,
do that which
is
lawfiil
"
'
prohibit their doing that which
is
unlawful
"
*
the ordinances of God.'
Mahommcdan
and near, and thereby
ears of their understanding
'
Do
"
*
God
tribes.
It
is
[namely]
[against them],-
Command them
the pure
and [ye
victory.'"'
prosecuting a holy war
to
in places of
desire,
'
"
:
law,
to all
and
[proper], ;
and observe
and every
class
to extract the cotton of negli-
and more especially those persons
sacred text,
not obey the unbelievers and hypocrites, for certainly is
omniscient and
all-wise.'
to the infidels,
and engaged
therefore written to
all
those
who
in
the service of those
reside in the
dominions
infidels,
"
'
"
'
they deceive themselves only, and are not sensible thereof.
"
*
There
They
seek to deceive
is
God and
an infirmity in
tlieir
those
hearts.
who do
believe
May God
Chapter
LXI
of the Koran.
but
;
increase
"
(7)
This
will forgive
felicity;
"
" have yielded obedience
" miserable
He
it.
This [will be] great
" who, unmindful of the meaning of the
.
you knew
expedient [agreeably to the text]
far
?
and defend God's true
his Apostle,
other things which
to the resolution of
is
[hereafter]
and introduce you into gardens, through
rivers flow,
*'
torment
painful
your substance and in your persons.
sins,
'
" of Musulmans, both
.
show you a merchandize, which
[will be] better for you, if
" to make known what
. .
.-wi^_
true beUevers, shall I
" " having come
.
deem
*'
.
.
and supported by
aid,
to the passage]
" 'perpetual abode.
.
power and
'
theiv
TJPPOO SULTAN.
.
.
" and
.
" sidering
" they should
" where, by " are
'
their infirmity
"
'
because they have been guilty of falsehood.''"
!
They
shall suffer a grievous
justly applied, that con-
to quit the territories of the unbelievers,
the Divine blessing, they shall be
and
punishmentj
with confident hearts and assured minds, to these parts,
repair,
at present,
may be
situation the [above] verse
be their indispensable duty
to
it
"
whose
to
295
their lives, honor,
still
better provided for than they
and property, remain under the protec-
" tion of God ; while such as are without the means of subsistence there,
" have
We
"
made
a suitable allowance
to
them
here.
have accordingly issued premptory
" this effect
"
*
territories]
and report
"
*
order that,
if it
" Whosoever
please
throughout our dominions to
ordei"s
Receive into your protection
'
:
shall
persons seeking refuge [in our
all
to the Presence the particulars of their situation, in
God
the Aider, due provision
may be made
for them.'
words, or shall contravene their
shall refuse to give ear to these
" promulgation, shall be considered as destitute of [every particle of] honor [or
"
zeal], as a stranger to [or
" and
no participator
in] the bliss derived
from [a steady]
faith,
be banished from the presence of God, to be excluded from
as deserving to
" the circle of the faithful, and to be accounted as one of the accursed infidels.
Verse from HqfizJ^^
"
'
If
"
'
In reward
foot in the path of the law
you place your for
your
" "
" Although
it is
zeal, the
and of
Chief of Nujuf [Ali]
religion,
will
HaBz,
become your Protector.
'
Let them not say of any thing [or on any occasion]
*
do so; but,
*
to
him who
if it
please
God
[it shall
be done].
I will
Grace be
follows this direction.*'"^
probable, that the immediate object of the Sultan, in the foregoing
proclamation, or manifesto, was to seduce from their allegiance, and draw over to his
(8)
Chapter
(9)
This
is
II
of the Koran.
not an exact quotation from Hafiz, the original having, instead of
'•
the path of the law and of religion,"
'*
alms-givers." (10) This sentence
wyings attributed
•s
to
is
jJ^ai ^IJuU-
tj
"
^Oj
tjA
Sj
the path of the family or race of
supposed by Mr. Stewart to be a Hndccs, or one of the tradiiionary
Mahommcd.
SELECT LETTERS OP
296
Musuhnan
the
his standard,
subjects of the
open war, yet there can be but
this time, at
It
that the latter
true,
is
RIahrattahs nor the Nizdm.
httle
in
his
not expressly
is
contemplation on the
named
neither are the
:
with regard to the Nizdm,
Indeed,
have been distinctly referred to without an apparent absurdity,
Mahommedan light of
an
as well as
infidel,
;
since he
was a
who, nevertheless, certainly regarded him
in the
is
to say, in opposition to
was addressed generally to
to the enemies,
ail
him (Tippoo).
Musulmans,
in
direct or indirect, of the true faith.
not being properly applied and understood by those for
Musulman time,
if
is
ever at a loss to
it is
plausibility, that
is
its
whom
no
it
was intended
At
such appeals.
Major Dirom's
Musulmans
him
same
to maintoin, as
with sufficient
were living under the
at war.
It is that
translation, of ravages
my
in general
copy of
wherein he complains, not,
committed
in
this paper) of the injuries
had sustained
at the
hands of the
on other occasions he has done more openly)
the Carnatic, and other
Mahommedan
fiis
peculiar territories,
and
infidels
;
losses
the Sultan, are abundantly developed
to our establishment in
states of India.
by
which the
alluding distantly
On
the whole,
be allowed, that the extensive views of aggrandizement, entertained
hy
the
:
by the English, the vague and general
he was actually
any other to the English.
but (according to
-(as
whatever manner subject
There was no danger of
he had only in view such Musulmans
whom
The argument,
one passage in the foregoing production, which appears to point more
particularly than as in
to it
drift of
expressed would have enabled
authority of those with
There
comprehend the
any exception had been taken
terms in which
he could not
because he had, more than oncCj associated with infidels against
the cause of Islam, that therefore,
Tippoo
at
doubt that the Enghsh, together
were also
with their dependants and tributaries, occasion.
two powers, with whoin he was,
this curious
document.
Bengal, it
at this
must time
TIPPOO SULTAN.
29^
LETTER CCLXVI. To
the
Commandant, Abdul Nubby
;^'>
dated 29th
Ahmedy.
(4th Ma?/.')
On
the subject of
Sepoys belonging
liis
to
repairing to the Presence, together with the
(or such
liini
may
Sepoys as he
bring with him), in perfect confidence and secm'ity
be enabled to
and assuring him,
:
that he should be provided for after his arrival, agreeably to the regulations
and appointments of the
Sircar.
LETTER CCLXVII. To Ali Rajah Beeby Desiring her
;
same Date.
(Ath May.')
to transmit incessantly intelligence of
what passes
at
JBombay and Tdlicherry.
LETTER CCLXVIII. Ghulam Munsoor, Aumil
To
of SiLcoTAH
;('*)
dated \st
BeuJhy.
(5th May.)
Your
letter,
reporting,
" beat the Bukhnhy,
" death of the
" that the Jumaaddr, Syed Ameen, had
Nuwaz
latter
;
Baig, in such a manner, as to occasion the
and that you had 2
(
1
)
[in consequence] secured the
"
Q
aforesaid
Probably the commandant of a corps of regular Sepoys, either in the service of the
Mahrattalis or of the Aizdi?i. (1*) Tins letter serves, in
Adoni.
He
some degree,
to
had advanced, on the 6th May,
mark the
prorjrcss of tlie,yM//a7t'i
as far as Great Balapoor.
march against
SELECT LETTERS OF
298
"
aforesaid
Jumaaddr, by putting irons oa
his
legs
and arms," has
passed under our view.
Our
special retinue
Balopoor.
will
Securing his
[i.
arrive the
day after to-morrow at Great
the murderer's] legs and arms well in
e.
fetters/')
you must place him
yourself,
under a strong guard, to the Presence.
a Dooly, and bring him along with
in
LETTER CCLXIX. Khan
To FuzL Ali
The troops,
;
(5th Moy.^
same Date.
report which you have sent us, of the gallant conduct of our
and of the men wounded
been considered]. our regulations
;
[in the late actions],
known
is
Let the wounded receive the compensation and
[or has fixed
by
the horses, and other property taken [from the
let
€nemy], be relinquished, according captors [literally, to those
who
to the orders
of the Sircar, to the
bring them in.~p^
LETTER CCLXX. To
the
SiPAHDAR,
When we
Mahommed Ali
;
same Dale,
(^th
May^
ourself arrive in that quarter, the Risdla, tvantmg to com-
plete your Kushoon, shall be given you.
OBSERVATIONS. This short
letter is given,
merely
the constitution of a Kushoon.
for the
It appears,
purpose of showing, in some degree,
by
this
document, that a Risdla was a
( 1
This had been ah-eady done.
(2)
I
of the
have no means of ascertaining wlio Fuzl Ali Khan was, or whether commanders serving under BOrhanQddeen.
com-
or not he was one
TIPPOO SULTAN. a
component
Ku.shoon,
part of a Kusltoo/i
do not clearly know.
I
how many
but
:
I
am
299
of the former were contained in a
inclined to think, however, that a /TM^/iOtfn
was a regiment, consisting of two or more Risdlas, or
battalions.'"
LETTER CCLXXL To BuRHiVNuDDEKN
Your Nizam
letter
Ali
has been received
Khan and
the
enemy
of some pecuniary discussions
Khdns marching away,
said
of
[^or
We
Behary.
dated 2d
;
;
[?'.
and
(Qth May.')
A
rupture has taken place between
e.
the Mahrattahs], in consequence
this
has been followed by the afore-
to the distance of six coss
on the other
side
beyond] Bdddmy.
Do
manner
you [in the mean while] keep your mind
at ease.
[i. e.
effectually].
You
did right in giving
[to the captors].
Bdddmy and Bamdoorg
fit
shall shortly relieve both
in
a
up [or resigning] the captured horses and
You must do
the
same thing
cattle
in future.
OBSERVATIONS. It is certain, that the
army, and returned to
Nizdm
left,
The
Hyderabad.
such memoirs of this period as Ris
separated about this time from the Mahrattah
I
the
same time, a considerable body
operating with his
The Sultan
however,
weather. of troops,
ascribed,
in
He
is
stated to
have
for the purpose of co-
allies.
did not
his promise, respecting the refief of
fulfil
Mahrattahs obtained possession of that place some time 2 (1) Since
is
have seen, simply to the inconvenience which
Highness suffered from the heat of at the
measure,
wiiting the above,
ments of Tippoo Sultan, which ill the Appendix.
I
liavc
liavc
met
Q willi
in the
Bdddmy,
as the
month of May.
2
some statements of the military
onubied me. to givo
llie
general
ick-a
establish-
of tlicm, inserted
SELECT LETTERS Or
300
LETTER CCLXXII. To
Meer Kazim, JDarogha
The
rock-salt, of
Muscat
at
:
same Date.
May.^
(Qth
which you sent a sample (see Letter CCLVIII,)
you must, therefore, buy a large quantity of
and lading
is
very fine
it
on the return Dhigies belonging to the Sircar, which have carried
:
thither rice for sale, consign the same,
of Mangalore, to
We
whom
and pearl
to the
you are also to transmit an account of
are anxious to procure^'^
worms, young date
from time to time,
it,
trees,
some seed of the
Aum'd
its cost.
saffron plant,
silk-
almonds and pistachio plants, shipwrights,^-^
Get these [men] together, and entertaining them
divers.
in
our service, dispatch them to us, together with proper persons for takingcare of the young plants, &c.
We have already be large and
you to purchase
written, desiring
brilliant,^')
[at as] cheap [a price as
and
They must
pearls.
Buy them
[in short] of the finest kind.(^>
you can] and dispatch them
to us.
LETTER CCLXXin. To Meer Moaayenuddeen In addition viz.
;
same Date.
(Gth Mat/.')
Kmhoom, and Ahmed
to the force already attached to you, four other
Mahommed
Huleem's, Rujub
Baig's, are ordered to join you for the future]
All's,
At
Shaikh Omar's,
the end of to-morrow's
march [and,
you must encamp these four Kushootis in the form of a square,
(1)
Original
^\jjj^jy^j^ "
(2) Original jL.j*j^^l^U^
(3) Original J^sA (4) Original
^
"
"
arc required, or necessary, at the Presence."
carpenters,
who
liaving a [fine] water."
" very good,
best."
construct
TirPOO
SUI. TAN.
301
which you are yourself regularly
squarc/"^^ within [or in the centre of]
to take post.
We
Mahommed
have moreover appointed
and Yenket Rao,
Kiizini
the Serishteddr of the Ji/she, to these four Kushoons
you
will
be further re-inforced by the Risdla of
troops, both horse
and
.('')
and,
finally,
Behrdm, and some other
under the command of Mohyixddeen Khiin.
foot,
OBSERVATIONS. I
am
not certain
who Moaayenuddcen was Be
that he was related to the Sidttin.
foregoing
letter,
;
but
this as it
to have been an officer of high
I
have an indistinct notion
may, he would appear, by the
command and
of encampment, here prescribed to him, was to be observed,
time of the army's arriving
Great Balapoor.
at
was made with any particular view unable to determine.
It
is
enemy on
however,
that
his present line of
it
The
order
seems, from the
or not this disposition
to guarding against a
not probable,
expectation of encountering an
Whether
trust.
sudden attack,
I
am
the Sultan had any
march.
LETTER CCLXXIV. To Bl RHANLDDEEN
Your
letter,
;
dcitcd 5th
Behary.
(9th Mai/.')
enclosing one addressed to that light of our eyes by the
Kilaaddr of Bdddmy,^^'> has been received, and the particulars represented therein have become manifest.
You must
country people*-^ to he vigilant and careful. yourself with caution.
We
which your army
encamp
let
is
to
You,
give orders to the too,
must conduct
enclose a plan, on paper, of the :
let this
manner
he copied on parchment, and
your army he always encamped agreeably thereto.
(b) Original
\^^4^J^.
(6) Ic docs not
appear,
(1)
Bddd my was
(2)
Original
" on
tlic
in wliat
four sides " [of your ground].
capacity these two were to serve.
at this time besieged
^\^CSl< a phrase whieli
by the Mahrattahs. I
in
do not recollect to have met with elsewhere.
302
SELECT LETTERS OF
OBSERVATIONS. It
to
is
be regretted, that the plan, here spoken
along with the letter referring to
it,
on the particular branch of
tactics
that has hitherto appeared.
It
would throw considerable It
is
light
as
it
would have
on the
ness),
and
lastly,
any other document
^''
subject.
letter,
proofs of kindness, applies
my
of
(light
illustrated the Sultan's ideas
no doubt, probable that the Futkiil Miijdhideen
is,
expressions of endearment to Bilrhanviddeen
Noor-chushm
has not been preserved,
in question, better than
remarkable, that in the foregoing short
general, sparing of such
of,
;
no
whom,
the Sultan, though, in
than three different
less
in the
first
(marked
eyes), in another Sanditt-nishdn
Burhhoar-ddr (equivalent to
place,
he
for
styles
happi-
These endearing epithets
darling).
can hardly be supposed, in the instance of Tippoo Sultan, to have proceeded from
genuine affection or attachment referred, either to
some
to
political
and may,
;
therefore,
some temporary caprice or consideration,
of
fit
perhaps, be more safely
good humour
which might have suggested
moment, the expediency of assuming
a
more
;
or,
otherwise,
him,
to
the
at
manner towards
conciliatory
his
brother-in-law, than was probably usual with him.
LETTER CCLXXV. To
Meer Ghulam Mohyuddeen, Kilaadar of Kvxjungood, KvNcuvNGVREH ; dated "Jth JBeiiJry. (llthMoT/.")
Do
you remain,
any account, the
in all respects, firm
stating the strength
and
in
;^')
nor entertain, on
Let us know, what force the enemy has
least fear.
that neighbourhood,
and tranquil
what
situations
it is
and position [of every
the several places which they occupy.
posted.
division],
Take,
or
Be
in
particular in
and the names of
also, special
care,
that
neither (3)
Since writing the above passage,
Mujuhidecn ;
in
which, however,
I
I
have had an opportunity of consulting the Futlml
have hitherto met
witii iiotliing
inetation. (1)
Original
^-.tJirt
"
tranquil, assured, confident."
on the subject of castra-
TirPOO SULTAN. neither your receipt of this dispatch, nor
303
contents,
its
become
kno^A'll to
any one.
OBSERVATIONS. This
is
almost the only
letter in
the present collection, of those written to the
Sultavs own servants, which has what from hence, that he was not
is
called
an Ulkdb, or address.
conclude,
in the habit of using this formulary, excepting
particular occasions, like the present,
when
''
this sort of
intended to operate as a stimulus to extraordinary exertion
on
compliment might be ;
nor
is it
the endearing expressions applied to Burhanuddeen, in Letter
that
I
improbable,
CCLXXIV,
were employed with a similar view.
The
Ulkdb, or address, used on the present occasion,
be rendered " brave and intrepid
may
Sir."
This,
is
ilJcuOj^j ti-iji which
when
contrasted \vith the
exhortation to courage immediately following, has rather a ludicrous effect.
might be
It
that
it
was
in the
in the vicinity of I
am
from the tcn6r of the orders contained in
inferred,
this dispatch,
contemplation of the Sultan to beat up the Mahrattah quarters
Kunchungood. Whether or not such an enterprise was attempted,
unable to determine.
LETTER CCLXXVI. To Mahommed Mehdy, Bukhshy of the Ehsham at dated lOth
You must business you
Behary.
not suffer any one to
may have
to do, let
it
Seria^gapatjm ;
(I4th Mat/.)
come
your house
to
;
and whatever
be transacted in our Kuchurri/.
nevertheless, people should persist in
coming
be deprived of their ears and nosesJ^^
Pay
If,
to your liouse, they shall
strict attention to this order.
It (2)
Kunjwigood was,
enemy.
It is situated
at
tliis
time, seriously menaced,
if
not al)solutcly invested by
tiie
on the east bank of the Tungbudhra, and about twenty miles west of
Adoui. (1)
Original j.i Juiil^jj Jwk ^^xj ^. (_^^jl
meaning, that
ti>c
This
ears and noses of the oilenders
is «'
a curious idiom, the words
literally
should be dispensed with, or excused."
SELECT LETTERS OF
304 It
surprising to us, that you should act in opposition to your instruc-
Is
tions.
Perhaps you have
and to
this
may
them by
in the niche of forgetfulness
^^> ;
be owing your present contravention of our will and
Consider what
pleasure.
laid
is
here said as a
strict injunction.
OBSERVATIONS. This order,
if
understood
would amount
literally,
who might
person from the habitation of the Buhhshy, business with
him
:
it
and no where
can hardly be supposed, that
it
else,
the exclusion of every
occasionally have private
but thougli the regulation, directing
transacted in open Kuchurry,
Sultan,
to
all
public affairs to be
was rigidly enforced by the
was meant to extend
to the
intercourse necessary in the conduct of personal or domestic concerns."' difficult to
comprehend the Sultan's motives
consideration
may be that
it
:
but, with respect to the
mutual
It is
for a prohibition of the kind
punishment appointed
presumed, in the absence of any proof of
its
not
under
for its infraction,
it
ever being actually inflicted,
was held out only in terrorem.
LETTER CCLXXVII. Circular, dated IQUiBehary.
Ghvlam Husain,
at
Avrvnga-
(I4th Mai/') to
The Sons o/'Shaikhun Saheb, and MusEEM^'> Saheb Cthe Nepheto
SAD ; SuJJAD Saheb and Ibn Saheb,
at
Hyderabad ;
poor.
[After compliments] ment of the
of the ahove-namedj at Beeja-
benefit of
Our mind
most anxious for the attain-
is
an interview with you
:
but as
ail
events have their
appointed (2)
See the same
(3)
The
that
expression, Letter
instructions to the Intelligence
no private
visiting
Name
uncertain.
Department, given
in
Appendix F, prove,
or conversation was suffered between men of any note or
proliihition did noi probably (1)
CCXVIII.
extend to the lower order.
at least,
station.
The
TIrroo appointed times, wc, in
s
u L T
A.
305
N.
meanwhile, trouble your reverence with the
tlio
present address, in the confidence that, turning your mind, in an especial
manner,
to the
means of promoting the prosperity and advantage of the
people of Is/dm, and of overthrowing the unrighteous Infidels, you wall
do whatever may be
your power, to encrease the lustre of the firm
in
Mahommed.
religion of
Actuated by similar motives, the persons most distinguished here for virtue
and excellence, have extracted from the
tracts,
and commentaries, certain religious doctrines, a copy of which
we
enclose for your benevolent notice.
also, to assist the cause,
whom we
We
traditions,
theological
request of your reverence,
by your admonitions to the faithful
;
to all of
an earnest desire of extending that protection and support,
feel
which we possess the means, no
less
than the wish, of bestowing upon
them.
OBSERVATIONS. No
doubt, the proclamation, or manifesto, at page 293,
referred to, tories
is
the enclosure here
and which, hitherto, had probably been circulated only in the
But
dependent on Mi/sore.
address, was to
draw
as the
to his standard the
chief design of the Sultan,
Musulman
in that
subjects of other states^
particularly such as lived under the authority of bis immediate enemies,
should be promulgated far and near.
terri-
What means
and was
it
necessary that
it
this purpose,
with respect to more distant countries, or whether he made any
he adopted
for
attempt to introduce the document in question into the British dominions, does not appear
:
but here
and promoting
its
we
sec liim selecting as his instruments for publishino-
proposed
effect,
the Nizdm, persons actually
giance to, those very powers
within the dominions of the Mabrattahs and of
residing under the protection of, and ;
it,
owing
and who, consequently, could neither pray
success of his arms, nor contribute their endeavours to supply
him wilb
alle-
for the
recruits
(which was his chief object on the present occasion), without a violation of Iheir 2
R
civil
SELECT LETTERS OF
306
or without exposing themselves to the most imminent clanger.
civil duties,
Tip-
poo, however, did not allow himself to be restrained by considerations of this
He
nature.
was, at
times, in
all
different shrines, or places
communication with the
of peculiar sanctity
priests
belonging to the
among Musulmans,
that are scat-
tered over the Peninsula, but not one of which, I believe, was included within his
own
dominions.
The
only thing to be wondered
temerity of the reverend personages
dence
for
;
though
individuals to
how
does not appear
it
whom
who engaged
it
For
this distinction
He
principally to their bigotry.
and
;
the
is
in such a hazardous correspon-
by the
reign, stood high in the favour of
he might,
which he occasionally bestowed on them
their religion
this occasion,
the present letter was received
abundant proof, that the Sultan, throughout his
to the gifts
on
was addressed, the records found at Seringapatam afford
it
this particular class.
at,
that,
with
;
in
some
degree, be indebted
but he, most probably, owed
fought avowedly for the glory and extension of
zealots,
would be a
sufficient
apology for treason, as
well as a sufficient motive for risking their personal safety in the advancement of his cause.
LETTER CCLXXVIII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
You '*
.
.
.
.
belonging to the
" advancing any bounty. "(^> appointed to the
Syed GhufHir. to
command
dated
Wth Behary.
(15ik May?)
" that Syed Ahmed, a Jowkddr<^^ of the Kushoon
write, (^>
;
command
We
of.
.
.
Uskur, has recruited some men, without It is
known.
of one of the
Let the above-mentioned be
new
Risdlas lately raised by
have appointed and sent from hence another person
the JRisdla
of.
<^>.
He
will
soon join you.
When (2)
A Jowk is a company, and Name not perfectly legible
(3)
Original
(1)
4)
Name
!(Ju:L-<
illegible.
^^
a Jowkddr a captain.' :
but something like Shaikh Unser.
TirPOO SULTAN. When we you
shall
have summoned you to our Presence, and heard [from
verl)ally] the particulars
to the
307
of the gallant services of the
KusUoons of Sved Ghuffar and Shaikh Unser, we
men helonging will distineuish
them^^^ [in a suitable manner].
LETTER CCLXXIX. To Meer Moaayenuddeen
Seven
;
same Date,
(loth May.)
sealed orders/'^ specifying [or appointing] the daily marches [of
Keep them by
your division], are sent herewith. formerly [delivered to you].
you, and return those
Issue directions to the people of your armv,
to provide themselves with six days' provisions
and be prepared
;
to exe-
cute whatever orders you shall hereafter receive.
OBSERVATIONS. The
orders, here alluded to, appear to have
They were
in our navy.
tlie
nature of sailing orders
each, probably, to be opened on a stated day;
place to which the troops were to
Secrecy,
been of
march on that
particular day
service
since the Sultan
Moaayenuddeen was had arrived
to be
employed.
It
it
does not appear
was now eight days
the vicinity of Great Balapoor ;
in
the
would be ascertained.
of course, was the object of this arrangement: but
upon what
when
and he was,
probably, advanced, at the date of the present orders, as far as Rdidoors, from
whence Adoni might be
we
are unfortunately
easily reached in six marches.
left
entirely to conjecture,
in
On
this point,
consequence of none of the
dispatches of the present period happening to specify the place from
were written.
It
is
not unlikely,
however,
that
however,
whence
tiiey
Moaayenuddeen was pushed
forward for the purpose of investing Adoni, previously to the arrival of the main:
army
before
it.
2 (5)
Original
JbJ»
JJblji
W^y j|^l^ "
raised." (1)
Original
^^^ Jj:^^^-^y
siiuU
R
2
be csullcti," or
literally,
'•'
shall
have
tlicir
heads
SELECT LETTERS OF
308
LETTER CCLXXX. To
Commanders of
the
KucHURRY ;
Bargeer Kuchvrries and SvwAb.
the Jive
dated \^th
Behary.
(I'^th Mai/.')
Issue orders to the people under your command to provide themselves with six days' provisions, and to leave their tents, paivls, &c. with the
baggage of the army, taking nothing with them but two
horse-halters^'^-
each man.
LETTER CCLXXXI. To
Commanders of
the
the two (or hoth)
Date.
Jyshe Kuchvrries ; same
(I7M May.)
Issue orders to your people to provide themselves with six days' provisions
;
and leaving the
baggage of the army, Sb:ca}\
You must
tents, pawls,
to keep with
&c. belonging
to
them with the
them [only] the Kdndilehs^^*^ of the
[thus] remain unincumbered
[^j'ureedeh'].
LETTER CCLXXXII. To
the
BvKHSHJES of
the
Eusham Kvchurry ;
same Date..
(17th May.)
Direct your
people to furnish themselves with six days' provisions^
to be carried by themselves
;('**)
and leaving
their tents,
^^07^/^,
heavy
baggage, &c. with the baggage of the army, to remain light and unin-
cumbered. Original
(I)
from
tlie
(1*)
I
jjJiflj
perhaps two spare
halters, for securing
nii"-ht
be taken
enemy. have not been able to ascertain what a Kundileh
cloth, or canvass, covering: perhaps for defending the
(1**) In the original position of the *'
any horses that
first
it is
but
I
think
stores
it is some sort of from the weather.
" 7iot to becarried on bullocks." A slight transJ^J^j point would make the sense, *' let them, not keep or take,
j.ij\jj
diacritical
any bullocks with them."
is;
arms and
TIPPOO SULTAN.
309
OBSERVATIONS. No
doubt the troops, here ordered to prepare
for a rapid
tended to compose part of the division proceeding under the liddecn
;
whose force
CCLXXIII) must
(if
we
include in
it
movement, were in-
command
of
Moaayen-
the various corps enumerated in Letter
have amounted to at least ten thousand men.
LETTER CCLXXXIII. 7o Syed
Mahommed Khan, Bukhsht 17th
Beuary.
of the Usvd Ilhti:
;
dated
(2\st 3Iai/.)
(Extract.).
We him
enclose an order to the
to forward your
N.B. Then
Aumil of Sumrputn
[Bulhdrr/], directing
Palenkeen to you. Aumil
follows the order to the
of Bulhdry.
OBSERVATIONS, It It
is difficult
may
to say, in
what sense the foregoing
extract should be understood.
imply, cither that the Buhhshy was not at liberty to send for his Palen/cecn
without the Sultans authority
conveyed to him (that
is,
or that, not possessing the
;
means of getting
it
the necessary carriage), he had been obliged to solicit
the Sultan to give directions for
its
being forwarded to him.
The former
sense
would, no doubt, consist perfectly well with the despotic nature of the Sultatis
government, and with the general system of control and restriction which pervaded every branch of original, I
am
it
:
but as the
latter
inclined to prefer
it,
interpretation
is
equally warranted by the
on the principle of putting,
absolute doubt, the most favorable construction on his conduct.
in all cases of
SELECT LETTEKS OF
310
LETTER CCLXXXIV. To Urshud Baig Khan, Fovjdar of Calicut.
Getting
possession of the
you must
children,
and of
Goorkul,
villaii),
bis
wife and
make Miisulmans of them, and
forcibly^'^
then dis-
patch the whole under a guard to Putn.
LETTER CCLXXXV. To Chishty Yar
Khan
Zynue Aabideen
and
dated
;
20thBEHARY
(24th Mai/.)
Your
letter
May] was
of the I4th Behdry [17th
and has informed us of Dowlat Khan's being bladder
:
taken the
first
The way of
day], together with [other proper] medicines for the seven
These are
all
taking an emetic
four tolah weight of hot water, feels inclined
water.
When he
to vomit,
made up
separately this
is
:
him swallow
let
powder
After
it.
and
this,
sealed.
in
about
whenever
he must drink eight tolah weight of warm
has vomited
eats his dinner,^'*)
in cloth
dissolving the
five
or six times,
of six hours, have some broth mixed with
he
of the stone in the
have, in consequence, sent by the post an emetic [to be
we
subsequent days.
he
ill
received this day,
make him
take, in a
rice.
little
him, after an interval
let
In the evening, before cold water, half a tolah
weight of seed of ^cA-wori,^-^ softened with some the favor of God, in one or two vomitings, the
oil
of almonds.
By
stranguaiy, or obstruc-
tion of urine, will be removed.
The (1)
There
meaning be,
(1*)
is
as
some obscurity here I
suppose
it is,
The MahommeJans,
(2) Original
J^wl
in the original,
that they
in India,
which runs
y^UL.^
were to be forcibly converted,
make
the principal meal at night.
it
Jc^j^^^
If the
should have been
XlfPOO SULTAN. The is
311
following morning [after the vomit] a dose of the other medicine
and radish leaves.^
to be taken in eight tolahs of syrup of db-shd/c/r^^
This course
is
to be pursued for seven days, during
need not abstain from
acids, but
and other heating and
must avoid eating black and red pepper,
The
flatulent things.'^)
diet should be curry of
radishes with boiled rice, and his drink an infusion of
cucumber means,
and dry
seeds,
which the patient
musk-melon
of each half a tohth weight.
thorn,(<'>
seeds,
By
this
there should even [or actually] be a stone [in the bladder]
if
it
will be passed/'^
LETTER CCLXXXVI. 2b Mahommed Yoosuf, Cvtival of the BazAr^^ accompamjivg Presence ; dated 3d JaafvryS"^ (6th Jime^
You
the
have represented, " that two thousand four hundred and eighty-
"
five
*'
to the Presence
gram, &c. were some
bullock loads of rice,
" nine very
[/. e.
lately
army] and eleven hundred and
to the Sultan's
[or now]."
ordinary to us, that out of
It
is
ago dispatched
tizne
known, and appears very extra-
or sixty thousand bullock loads,
fifty
the
duties
(3)
Original
-Li,
(4)
Original
c_^
f^j,
(5) Original
*^^
j_yjb
(6) Original
lLXI^-jU-
(7)
literally,
4_>1
CXV,
with perhaps
still
(1)
Called in
(2)
No
letters
Iiorii-watcr," of
"
will fall or
drop."
and the observations suggested
greater force and justice,
tiie
original
do not know the meaning.
I
Tiiis
liy tlic
is tlic
jjttcr
lutttr
will
which was ailudcd
be found to apply,
to the present curious production.
,U\j <_->l^
appear between the
of the 30th Bc'hdiy, wliieii
I
20tli
Bchdnj and
this time,
except an unimportant one
suspect to be owing to some accidental chasm
as this was too busy a conjuncture for the Sullait's I
which
t^L-t
Original obj\ JJblji literally
to at Letter
"
pen to have indulged
in
in
the manuscript,
a fortnght's
think that, at the date of this letter, he must have been lying before /tdoni.
rest.
312
SELECT LETTERS OF on which have been remitted to the LumhdnehsP^ only one or two
duties
You must
thousand should have been dispatched [to us].
give
strict
orders for ten or fifteen thousand loads to be forwarded [hither] at a time-
LETTER CCLXXXVII. Mahommed Hyder,
To
second Di.ivan of
Nvan
\
dated Qth Jaafury.
(9th tTune.^
You
" that Nursia requires our express authority
write,
" [or inserting] your name [with
" the Anmils."
It
is
When
known.
Open and peruse
in the [official] letters to
you were dispatched from the
addressed io Nursia,
Presence, a [certain] mandate, you.
own]
his
the same, and conform to
directed therein, that you are to participate with tration
of the revenue
business,*^')
earnestly and constantly,
the Sircar
you
will,
conjunction
in
for joining
its
M'as
delivered to
contents.
him
in
If
it
be
the adminis-
agreeably thereto, apply
with him,
to the affairs
of
If [on the other hand] your participation [therein] should
:
be forbidden,^-) you must act accordingly.
OBSERVATIONS. If it is
of
I
rightly understand this letter,
a very strange one.
Mahommed
lay
no
stress
I
This
have translated
letter
he must have already delivered difficulty
is
easily
as closely as I could,
upon the apparently singular circumstance
Hyder's being referred to a
possession, since
addressed.
I
which
which he could not have
it
to Nursia, to
removed, by supposing what
is
whom
in his
it
was
most likely to have
(3)
So
it is
written in the manuscript, but whether propeily or not, thsy arc usually called
Linnbddchs. (1)
Original
(2) Original
(.::,«Ujk
which,
in
a restrained sense, signifies
^Jy^^ " discontinued,
set aside,
suspended."
" revenue
aftairs."
^
TIPPOO SULTAN. have been the case,
viz. that the letter referred to
called in the manuscript) with
was only a copy (though not so
which the under Dewdn had been furnished,
But what appears extraordinary
information and guidance.
his
Sultan should have placed the question submitted
to
footing he has done, instead of giving a direct answer to
him
to have really forgotten the orders if
them
may
hence
of banter.
it
is,
that
for
the
him on the hypothetical it.
We
cannot imagine
he had transmitted to Nursia on the subject
he had, that the secretary could not have produced a copy of
in dispute, or, :
313
be inferred, that the present
It is pretty evident,
Mahommcd Hyder
from the
to the privilege
letter
was designed
fact of Nursia's
in
the
way
having refused to admit
he demanded, without the express authority of
the Sultan, that no such autliority had been conveyed in the mandate referred to
and
this the
Sultan, no
Khan,^" at page
'J^S,
doubt, very well
knew.
The
letter
to
Shumsuddeea
seems to have been written in the same vein.
LETTER CCLXXXVIII, Mahommed Khan;
To Syed
Third
DejfJn of Nugr; same
Date.
(9th June:)
You
" requesting of us
write,
your name, along with that of
'*
insert
*'
Dewdn,
known.
to give directions to our secretaries to
the
in
Who
Mahommed
Purwdnehs [addressed
has told you
Hydcr, the second
to your department]."
(whom we had
ordered to
rcj)air
Presence) to remain there? and wherefore liave you continued to reside theie
?
^'^
2 (3)
Sec Letter
(1)
The
S
CCLV.
following
is
the original of
tliis
curious passage:
[till
It Is
to the
now]
SELECT LETTERS OF
314
LETTER CCLXXXIX. To BuRHANUDDEEN
Now that
(\Qth June.')
you have encamped near Misry-kotah, you must take up a
strong position there,
From
dated ^th Jaafury.
;
hence, seizing a
under the protection of the [adjacent] woods. fit
opportunity, you must
[suddenly] upon the
fall
enemy.
LETTER CCXC. To BuDRUz
What
ZuMAN Khan
Same Date.
;
the use of your fixing yourself
is
at
(lOM
June.)
Sehngak O
You must
?
your quarters from one place to another, such as Urkunny, and
shift
other dependencies of Nugr, opportunity for the purpose
and chastise the enemy [as often
may
as
an
oifer].
LETTER CCXCI. 2o Ali Rajah Beeby
Directing her inflict
[?'.
e.
assist
to join
him
;
dated Qth Jaafury.
Urshud Baig Khan with her
in inflicting]
You
write,
" provisions
Zuman Khan; *'
and to
forces,
punishment on the Nairs.
LETTER To Budruz
(\\th June.)
CCXCII.
dated \Oth Jaafvry.
that the Piddehs,
(\3th June.)
who had been employed
to the fort of Kittoor, wished,
on
their return
to
escort
from thence,
" (1)
Name
the original
uncertain.
^z.Jii
in a figurative sense.
The
expression,
wliicli strictly signifies
wliich
"
to
I
sit,
have rendered " to sit
down:"
fixing yourself,"
to is
in
but here obviously used
TIPPOO SULTAN. " to be dispatched to the Presence: but that, " hearing of
tlie
315 in
enemy's troops being spread over
consequence of your
^'^
the country about
" Shdnoor, Sec. you had [judged it best to] distribute them among the " forts of Hurridl, Ullooty, SccS''> for the defence of those places, and "
that you
had seated yourself
own
established your
[/. e.
quarters] at
" Sehngah."('^ It is
known.
In the written instructions delivered to you
that you shall keep together,
your forces
;
directed,
under your immediate command,
Conform
ten to fifteen thousand men.
it is
and do not divide
to these orders,
but establish yourself with
of NugVy as at Hurridl, Urkunny, &c.
them somewhere It
is
now
from
in the province
the rainy season
:
send for a Misdla of Jijshe from Kdrktl \_Mungalore'\ and, agreeably to
your instructions, assembling other Ji/she and Piddehs, ten or twelve
this,
[/'.
e.
Urkunny, or some other place, situated
the further,^^) or east] side of the Tungluddra.
report the
manner
amount of
thousand men, take up a position with this force, either
at Hiirpunhidhj ,
that
to the
same to us
\
[like then)]
on
Having done
and afterwards proceed, according to the
that shall be directed ia the orders [you will receive] from the
Presence.
LETTER
CCXCTII.
To Abdul Kureem, SipaudJr of the Jyhse Kuchurry, stationed Urshud Baio Khan dated \Oih Jaafury. (I3th June.}
ivith
;
You "
write,
himself,
" that the
villain
Goorkul, being wounded, had thrown
together with his wife and children, into a
2 S 2 (
1
Oiiginal jj^x<
^o
^j\j\
(2) )
> Naiue> uncertain. (3)
J
(4)
lleckoiiing,
I
buppose,
froiii
Bidnore.
fire
[kindled for
" the
SELECT LETTERS OP
316
" the purpose] which had consumed them " Mdpilahs have
exercising
them
You
add, " that the
taken to flight."
You nmst
known.
It is
all
[all]."
assemble and keep your
them always
regularly, hold
men
togetlier, and,
in readiness [for service].
OBSERVATIONS. It
would appear by
this letter that the unfortunate
vours of Tippoo's commanders to secure his person
and knowing the
success,
fate that
be, with
among
but that, despairing of ultimate
awaited himself and family,
he had resorted to the
the hands of their tyrant, dishonour, so usual
;
Goorkul had eluded the endea-
the Hindoos.
which the Sultan mentioned
The
final
they
if
into
remedy and refuge from
studied indifference, as
this dreadful
fell
it
appears to
will not
catastrophe,
have
escaped the reader's notice.
LETTER CCXCIV. To Rajah
You
" factory **
"
write,
for this
at
Ram Chundur
;
same Date.
(\3th June.)
that eighty smiths are required in the
Khdn-KhdnhuUi/
number
;
and
that,
musquet manu-
having made an application
to the ylmnils of the surrounding districts, they
had
" answered, that the Ryots excused themselves from furnishing them *'
just
now, on account of
It is
known.
As
its
being tillage time."
the tillage of the land does not depend on black-
write to desire, that the most peremptory orders
smiths,
we
to the
Aumils within your
jurisdiction,
may be
and enforced by
providing [immediately] the requisite number of these
issued
bailiff's,
for
artificers.
OBSERVATIONS. Whatever might be the provinces of
case in Mysore,
Bengal and Behar, the
material degree,
on the manufacturing
it
is,
certain,
at least,
that in the
cultivation of the lands depends, in a very classes
and artizans
;
who,
at the tillage
season,
TIPPOO SULTAN. season,
are accustomed
317
to quit their ordinary avocations^
necessary time, the labours of husbandry.
Even the
and
soldiers, at this period, are
in the habit of returnins; on furlough to their native villages,
working
in the fields belonging to their respective families.
that the
same practice
reference
made to
it
by the Ryots,
its
existence
;
inclined to think,
At
so that, in saying,
this
rate,
" the culture
sacrificed the truth, and,
persisted in his oppression, chiefly for the sake of a conceit. Eighty'
taken from the plough at such a time, would hardly
embarrasment
am
sufficiently establishes the fact.
" of land did not depend upon blacksmiths," he probably
men
I
for the purpose of
be found to have obtained in Mysore; and, indeed, the
will
the Sultan could not be ignorant of
what was worse,
to resume, for the
fail to
in the agricultural operations of the district
produce a material
which was obliged
to
furnish them.
LETTER CCXCV. To
Ghulam Husain Khan, 1 1 th
Second Munshoor of Bangalore
Jaafur y.
;
dated
(1 4th June.')
(Extract.)
What
you report, of the escape of the European cannon-founder,
You
Understood.
is
must, in sucli manner [or by such means] as you
think best, and most practicable, contrive to get him back, otherwise
bad consequences will follow, for which you shall be made to answer. You write, " that instead of five or six rupees, which you have pro-
" posed paying " nine."
It
known.
is
pay you have
to the striplings^') belonging to the Jijshe, they
fixed
:
demand
Let such as are very young receive the monthly
Avhen they arrive at
full
age, they will, according
to custom, receive nine rupees. If the
gunpowder
is
not prepared, and the gun-barrels are not con-
structed agreeably to our instructions, and
if
every thing
else,
appertain-
ing to your department, be not properly executed, you will be culled to
a
strict
(1)
account [for your neglect].
Original
j^l
"beardless."
SELECT LETTERS OF
318
LETTER CCXCVI. To BuRHANUDDEEN
sume Date.
;
(\Ath June.')
Your letter lias been received, and its contents are comprehended. What vou write, respecting the scarcity of grain, is known. The counSend from thence for continual and abuntry of Nugr is near [you]. dant supplies of grain. What is the meaning of your loitering in one You should take ten days place with such an army [as you have] ?
provisions, coss [at
and moving
rapidly, in different directions, ten
opportunity of striking some signal blow
a time], seize an
We have
against the enemy.
and twenty
sent [similai] orders on this subject to the
Sipahddrs, &c.
Phurnaveese
Poonah.
It
[/.
e.
Nana, the Mahrattah minister]
most probable that their army,
is
gone [back] to
too, will,
by the time the
and return discomfited and beaten.
river swells, break up,
Remove
is
Hukeem Khan from
the son of
the
command
of his Risdhy
and place him in confinement.^'^
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
true, that
May
of
;
and
I
Nana Phurnaveese
returned to
believe that, either previously to his leaving the
or immediately after his departure, event, however, If
no
trace
Hukeem Khan
(which
I
Poonah some time about the end
is
the fort of
Bdddmy
Mahrattah army,
surrendered.
Of
this
discoverable in the correspondence.
be meant
for Abdiil
Hukeem Khan,
the
Nabob of Shdnoor,
conceive to be the case) this passage shows, that the breach between
him
and the Sultan had now become irreparable, and that the Patan had, probably, declared (I) Original
jj.l
JuL »j^lJ.S^-
occasion, mentioned by the his
name
being a younger son of AbdCil
common
prefix to the
names of
was called Abd&l Khyr Khan
^jO^J
<«3L)i
This son of
jl
of AbdCil Samuel Khan.
Hukeem
this
is,
family.
(or Klieere
that the
Thus
Mcer).
Hukeem Khan
Wliat adds
to the
word Abdul appears
the son
is,
on another
probability of to
have been a
and successor of Abddl Hukeein
TIPPOO SULTAi;. declared openly in favor of the Mahrattahs,
We
also learn
this chieftain actually held, at this time, a military
army under Burhanuddeen
of the
319 from
command
in
it,
that a son of
one of the corps
(possibly a battalion of an infantry Kushoott)
;
form of the expression in the original will hardly admit of our supposing
for the
that the Risdla, in question, was a
body of troops furnished by the Patari
for the
service of the Sultan.
LETTER CCXCVII. To
Mahommed Ghyas
and ^oon
Mahommed Khan;
same Date.
(\4th June.^
It
is
fifteen
By
doorg~\.
days since you arrived at Furrilkh-ydb Ilisdr \Chittle-
your stopping in this manner
fifteen
days in every place,
you burthen us with your own pay and that of your
Then
retinue.
i<
would further appear, by the circumstance of your bringing on with you the Hurkdrehs of the enemy, that you had no fear [or regard] for your lives
and honor.
It
is
and hasten your arrival
not well.
Send back the enemy's Hurkdrehs,
at the Presence.
OBSERVATIONS. Here ends the Sultan's correspondence with
his late ministers at the court of
Poonah, who had probably received their dismission from thence some time
Whatever may be thought of the diplomatic
April 1786.
qualifications of those
agents, from the faint sketches of their proceedings occasionally afforded letters,
in
by these
there would not appear to be any reason for imputing the failure of their
negociations
to
any deficiency of
talents
or address
on
their
part
:
for
the
Mahrattahs being bent on a rupture, and the Sultan being equally determined not to
compromise
his dignity, or
what he deemed
to
be his
rights,
it is
probable,
that neither party had, from the beginning, any expectation, or indeed any desire,
of accommodating their mutual differences do,
was
to
;
so that, in fact,
all
the envoys had to
endeavour to amuse the Mahrattah government, by vague and illusory professions
SELECT LETTERS OF
320 professions
;
to obtain intelligence of
the fidelity of some of
its
always an hopeless one considered,
;
designs
its
The
servants.
first
and, perhaps, to tamjicr with
;
of these objects must have been
and when the notorious parsimony of their master in the other
any material extent,
their success, to
two,
may
is
be
reasonably doubted^ without derogating, in the least, from their general zeal and capacity. feature in the Sultans correspondence with these envoys,
The most prominent
next to the memorable manoeuvre recorded in Letter LIII,
There seems
racter of his instructions to them.
on
occasion,
this
between his pride and
his interest
steady, only, in his ungracious treatment of his last
moment, he addresses
in
the fluctuating cha-
to have been a perpetual conflict, ;
in the course of which,
He
sometimes one, and sometimes the other, prevailed.
very
is
unhappy
appears to have been agents,
whom,
to the
a style of unmitigated asperity.
Of Noor Mahommed Khan no more
is
heard.
Mahommed
Ghyas^" seems to
have been subsequently confined to the humble sphere of superintendant of a provincial
Tosheh-khdneh.
the Khoddddd Sircar, reflects
(1)
on
their
My only The
know
not
;
but
it is
ground
for this conjecture filling tlie office
following article
is
is
witness the annihilation of
probable they did not, as the Sultati
a letter, addressed, at a subsequent period, to a
mentioned.
extracted from an Hindostan news-paper, dated 25th Septem-
ber 1786, and kindly communicated to me by formerly Resident at the Court of Hyderabad.
" By
lived to
" great age," fourteen years prior to that event."^
person of this name, and (2)
I
Whether they
intelligence
my
valued friend. Sir John Kennaway, Bart.,
from the Dccun, dated about the
" report prevailed there, that Noor
29tli of
August,
it
appears, that a
Mahommed Khan,
" Sultan, (who, some time before, had been " because that minister did not approve of
sent
and the other J'akceh of Tippoo away by Nana Phurnaveese from Bdddmj/,
their remaining
any longer
in
the Mahrattah
" camp), were accused by the Sultan, on their arrival in his presence, with having betrayed " his interests, by secretly encouraging the Mahrattahs, who otherwise would never have
" hazarded the measure, to pass the Kishna, and advance into his country and that, not «' being enabled to give a satisfactory answer to this charge, the Sultan had caused them to ;
*'
be put to death, as a public example to others."
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER
321
CCXCVIII.
To RujUB Alt, Kilaadar of Gujunder
Gvrhh ;^^^
dated IBth
Jaafvry.
By
the Divine favor, the fort of Adoni'
God
duced.
augment the must
on the point of being
re-
wilHng, after setthng matters here, the special retinue will lustre of that quarter
the interim] keep your
[in
is
we
[/. e.
mind
shall proceed thither].
You
and attend duly
to the
at ease,
caie and safety of the fort, [by] placing [the necessary] guards,
remaining always on the
alert.
You may,
moreover,
and
consider us as
arrived.
N.B.
A
of the same tenor and date,
letter,
Kllaaddr of Kopul
;
and both were sent
at Chittledoorg, with orders to forward
to
was written
to
Jymum Khan,
Zynul Aabideen, Bukhshy of Ehshdm,
them
and, at the same time, to exhort
;
them, from himself, to be of good cheer, and to remain firm
at their posts.
LETTER CCXCIX. To TuRBiYUT
1^1.1
Khan
and Rajah (18^ A
Directing them locks, five
to dispatch to
;
same Date.
June^ Fyze Hisdr [Gootij], on hired bul-
thousand twenty-four-pounds shot, and the same number of
cightecn-pounds
shot.*'*^
2
T
a town and fortress of consiclcrablo note, situated between Kopul and Badthuy. once belonged to Rtigonalli Rio. Ii was ceded to llie Mahrattahs, by the partition treaty
(
It
Ram Chundur
)
Tliis
is
I
of n92. (1*) 0.iginal
J^ji^jJ^jJrTJ''^-^
SELECT LETTERS OF
322
LETTER To
Mauommed
Shui'IvEa,
CCC.
Darogha
of the Artilkvy
;
scone Date.
(I8th June.)
Agreeably guns [of the
to the orders of the Presence,
calibres] of twelve
and nine
you must bring with you
Jlutls
\i. e.
nine and twelve-
poundcjsj.
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
probable, though
my
manuscript
is
silent
on the
number
subject, that the
of guns of each kind was specified in the original, as otherwise this order would
appear to leave
A
pleased.
it
to the
judgment of the Ddrogha,
what number he
supposition utterly inadmissible.
LETTER
CCCI.
To UsuD Ali KhaNjC^ from Ali Riza and loth JaafvryS-)
We
to bring
;
artlcles,^^)
Avill
agree
to,
dated
which were submitted
and we now wish you to come and
those four articles you
;
(I8th June.)
mentioned verbally to you four
for your acceptance
Bal Mukn Doss
in order that
say,
which of
we may make a
suit-
able representation [to our master], and get the business finally settled.
The honour of a world
[alluding to the female part of Mohiibut Jung's
family] (1)
"
He
^yrfyHi
(2)
of
tlic
(3)
is
called in the title, or heading, of
tlie
following letter, the
«'
Jdoni Wiileh" or
man."
Tliis
is
the only occasion on which any letters, except tliose written
Sidlan hiuiiolf, have been entered in
Originu!
^^l^
tiie
present collection,
hy or
in the
name
TirPOO SULTAN. family]
is
323
be instrumental, with your eyes open/^^ to the ruin of is
contrary to discretion
is
pregnant
;<^'^
while any further procrastination of the matter
As
tion of the inhabitants of the place.
you are cut
state of the rivers, the case
hopes of
all
to [the arrival of] succours, is
abundantly manifest.
Under
relief].
[/'.
these circumstances,
and most advisable, that you should
clearly proper
diate]
from
oft*
honour,
peo{)le*s
the most serious mischief, and must lead to the destruc-
Avith
and the swoln
To
and numberless people are collected therein.
in the fort,
set
e.
it is
about an [imme-
adjustment, whereby you will secure the ease and prosperity of
God's creatures.
OBSERVATIONS. It does not appear
before Adoni place,
the
;
but as
from the correspondence, on what day the Sultan arrived probable, that he would lose no time in
it is
commencement of
the siege
reckoned fi-om the loth June.
Moaayenuddeeu If the
Usud
made some
:
but this
Ali
is
It
by Tippoo,
had, perhaps,
in person,
summoning the
may
be safely
been previously invested by
uncertain.
Khan, here addressed, be not the same person who has under that name,
figure (as well
the court of Jlyderabud,
am
I
unable to say
as
by the
who he
title
was.
of MuzufTerulmulk) at
However
this
may
the present negociator would appear to have acquitted himself in a very able
ner
;
Mohabut Jung, and by
this
means,
to send a considerable force, under
who were
shut up in
man-
while be induced the
Sultan to abstain from vigorous operations against Adoni, gave time to the
relief; or rather, for the
be,
amusing Tippoo with expectations of the early submis-
since he succeeded in
sion of his master,
since
Musheer
lil
Mulk and
Nizdm
Syfe ul Miilk, to
its
purpose of removing the ladies of Mohabut Jung's family,
it,
to
Hyderabad, 2
(4) Original
(j) Oiigin.ll
j^;jJ!
T
This object, which Tippoo either did 2
" seeing and knowing."
JU s^
"
tlic
contrary to considering of the future."
not
SELECT LETTERS OP
324
not suspect, or could not effectually oppose, being accomplished, left
to
the
fortc')
its fate,
to
which was, ere long, decided
:
maintain a siege, the Sultan soon became master of
The conduct
tiiose
commanders
for not being in a condition it.
of Tippoo, upon this occasion, has been said to have excited con-
among
siderable surprise
commanders, and has since given
his
lation, as to the causes of
among
it,
his biographers.
It has
some specu-
rise to
been affirmed, that
the fort might have been easily carried at the same time with the Paith, or town
upon the storm and capture of which the disorder to the fort, the gates of
unguarded.
tended,
garrison and inhabitants retired in great
which were found wide open, and even,
Intelligence,
;
conveyed to the
thereof, being
accompanied by a request from Lally, and others,
as pre-
Sitlfan,
and
to be permitted to profit
by
the opportunity, thus unexpectedly offered, he forbad the attempt, observing, in effect,
" that he was sure those within the
" taneously place themselves account, and
who
is
in his
fort
power."
would, in very good time, spon-
The
writer,
from
whom
I
take this
a very intelligent Musulman,"' in the employ of Colonel Colin
M'Kenzie, appears to infer, from
this circumstance, that the
Adonl ; and that
serious intention of reducing
his
movement
Sultan never had any
against
it
had no other
object than that of alarming the Xizdtn for the safety of the females of his family
and of detaching him, by that means, from his connexion with the
residing there,
But the
Mahrattahs.
think (admitting
its
solitary fact,
upon which
and
less
rested
:
fact is
it
rest,
not, I
against the evi-
perhaps susceptible of a more
^he Sultan might
have doubted the
he might have thought the undertaking too hazardous
That he hoped, by
is
upon which the expediency of attempting the
even have been averse to exposing the assault.
That
improbable explanation,
correctness of the information,
had been
seems to
authenticity) sufficiently strong, to support
dence leading to a different conclusion. satisfactory,
this opinion
women
;
fort
or he might
within the place to the dangers of an
his present enterprize, to oblige the
Nizdm
to forsake the
Mahrattahs,
(6) yldoni
is
called, in the
Jsujial register, and
by the Mahomniedans of the Dccan,
Jintidz Ghur. {!)
Of Mcer
in Appendi.s
D.
llCisain Ali, the
person here alludeJ to, some further mention will Le found
TIPPOO SULTAN. Malirattalis,
very likely
is
:
but this purpose would not have been effected by any-
proceeding, which might, in his Highness's family
consequences, have cast a stain upon the honor of
by getting them
into his power,
he would have been sure of attaining that object.
capitulation,
would not appear to be any
therefore, there
which ho
the end
its
wliereas,
;
325
really
had
in view,
by
virtue of a
On
the whole,
sufficient reason for doubting, that
from the beginning, was not the mere
reduction of Adorn, which would have been an inadequate compensation for the exertion he
had made, but the capture,
contained within It
to
is
its
present subject it,
safety,
articles, referred to in the
They would, no :
honor and
of the
Haram
walls.
be wished, that the four
been preserved.
in
we
yet
preceding
letter,
had
doubt, have thrown considerable light on the
are not entirely destitute of other information respecting
since the following extract from the Sultan's
Memoirs
will
be found to contain,
not only some notice of his expedition against Adoni, but also his statement of the origin of the war, subsisting at this time between
him and the confederated
powers.
" Occurrences of the year Busd, or "
?/ear
of Mahommed 1214.
had just completed the arrangements whicli have been mentioned,'^^ when
I
"
The
(8)
portion of
reader will probably not be displciised at being presented, tlie
MiMDoiis iinmediatolv ])icrciiing the one given
whose
therein by the Sullan, on siderable scurity
a very
"
"
:
liglit.
I
extraorilinai}' character
have translated
but the original
is
it
as closely as
I
it
will
intelligence
in lliis place,
in tlic text,
and
with
tiiat
referreil to
be Coiuid to throw no incon-
could, without involving the sense in ob-
written in such a perplexed and barbarous style, as has
made
tiiis
diiHciiit task.
After sending o(T
tlie
Ahmedics
[in
the
way
that has
been related],* the
[or cavalcade] pioceeded to the seat of the Sultanut, Piiln.
special retinue
Here, with a view to the
" [proper] arrangement of affairs, great and small, I framed various llukm-mhiiehs [or ordi" nances] and numerous other things ; all in the very best manner, and comprehending in" stitutes, civil and fiscal, general as well as particular rules for war and peace [literally, " for the battle and the banqxtef], and regulations for the government of the people at large. " They moreover treated of the [proper] mode of dealing with the noble and the ignoble " [or the high and low], of taking [or levying] tribute Irom the subjcet, and of alTording " protection to the people; of making progress through the country, and inspecting the " fortresses; and of duly guarding the kingdom on all sides. In fine, they comprised nu'*
• Sec Observations on Letter XLII.
merous
SELECT LETTERS OP
326
" intelligence arrived that the Malirattahs" and Nizam Ali Khan, forgetting their
" ancient
obligations [to us], whereof an account has been already written,"""
and
" becoming ungrateful, had assembled together a large army, with the intention " of making a joint attack on the
Ahmedy
" At that time, [or hereupon]
« Usud
Ilhi/e
dominions.
that
government humbly represented,
" defence of the
fortresses,
" would be proper to
set
under the
several of those holding offices"" after
and putting the armies in a
providing for the
state of preparation, it
about confronting [or opposing] them
[/. e.
the Mahrat-
"
talis
"
'
Valieeh of both the chieftains were about to receive their dismission [from
"
'
me],
<«
<
forgetting ancient obligations
"
'
upon making such a return
*'
'
despicable of men.
«
'
know], that good should not be requited with
"
'
kind will
To
and the Nizdni].
I
said to
this I
answered:
them [the Fakeeli}, that
This
[assuredly]
[or
my I]
is
when
Six months ago,
had heard that
ancient claims]
to them, as
[said
I
'
their masters,
upon them, meditated
was the practice only of the most
not a right thing.
A
evil.
Fear God [and
proceeding of this
draw on your masters the vengeance of the divine "
<'
the
merous new inventions, and fresh contrivances
•witlimit
measure
:
and
I
'
tribunal.
ordained that the
" same should be preserved in our elevated famil}-, and [be transmitted througii] our emi" ncnt raec to the end that our sons of exalted ilcp^ree, and our grandsons of iihistrious *'
descent, "-cneration after generation, deriving from the perusal of the abundant benefus
" and ample advantages with which they are replete, may be thereby enabled to administer " the various affairs of state, and tiie important concerns of sovereignty, with due order <'
Tiicrcfore, whatever ruler,
and regularity.
" adopt these our ordinances and " one of our offspring."
The
not being of our line, shall surre|)titionsly
institutes, will, in
consequence thereof, be reckoned as
substance of the latter part of the foregoing extract
lias
been given by Colonel VVilks
(in the Preface to his History of Mysoor) from the Si'dtdnc Tu'i'drctkh of ZynCd Aabideen Shoostry, the ground work of which production, as has been already observed elsewhere,
was the Tdreekh
e Khodd-dudi/, or
Tippoo
Sultan's
Memoirs, as written,
originally,
by
himself. (9) In the original
name
the reader
is
<)jij^
(MurrdtchJ;
which perversion of the true
referred to the preface of Colonel Wilks's History of Mj/soor.
Letter VIII. (10) See observations on
(U)
for an explanation of
Original \a^^
T I r r o o sv LT A N.
327
"
'
tribunal/'''
"
'
been rendered to you by the Usud
"
'
whole world. ''^' Moved by the humble supplications,
"
'
age of your master/'^'
"
'
ourselves [or willingly incurred] the evils [or dangers] which [menaced] your
"
'
house and your
"
'
it
"
'
notwithstanding this]
"
'
have done me] should become
"
'
[therefore]
"
'
the chieftains in question shall have entered
"
'
countries to the value of ten or twenty lacks of rupees, and have laid siege to
"
'
one or two
"
'
conformity with their engagements.'''"'
my
[For
life
Ilhije
who had avowed
and [hence]
:
my
these are
part]
it is
The good which
intentions.
Sircar
and evident
clear
is
himself to be our son, we"^- took upon
more
manifest, even than the sun, that
" But what does " they
shall
signify
it
their
" Bdddmi/,
desirous that your misdoings [or the wrongs
you
still
more apparent
They should
With
?
all
my
have ravaged
dominions,
therefore^ act in
move from hence.
God
I)
fifteen or
the fort of
siege to
laid
and committed depredations, between the two
i'^b
twenty lacks of rupees.
jii
Original
(1
Here the SnUdti
!•)
(15)
Hereupon I
marched
"court, place of ;\udiencc, royul tribune."
(13)
and
rivers K'lshna
"
(12) Original
both
two confederated armies (on whom,
the curse of
" TooiJgbhudra,'^''" to the amount of
mankind, and
hostile designs, mitil
[or let them],
will
after this, the
parents also, be
to
the blessing of the [divine] Helper, after
have entered our dominions, we
" Accordingly, two months
" and on
[or
places.
fortified
With
all this
move from hence, with
never
will
I
am
to the
by the tender
as well as
was we who secured the duration of your master's house. I
has
^Uj
"
the wliole of God's creatures."
sj!cal;sas if addressing tlie Malirattah
Meaning, of course,
iiis
father, in
whose
Vaketl
!i]o\\c.
life-time the transaction alluded to took
place. (IG)
I
am
inclined to think, that
tiic Stdtait's
speech to
short paragra|>h, which follows, was addressed
deemed a premature movement against (17) So
is
the
name
of
tliis
tract of
tiie
country here spoken of
cpun/rj/ situated betxceen two rivers'],
cluded at Seringapataiii,
m
1792.
is
ends
lu re
;
and that
llie
who had advised what ho
enemy.
river written in the original
written in oilier manuscripts, though
The
the
tiic T'likixls
to the persons
;
and
more usual orlhograpiiy
1
have often met with
is,
sometimes called the Dodb
I
it
so
believe, Tooiubiiddru.
(or
t-.vo
rivers,
i.
c.
it is so designated, for instance, in the treaty
the
con-
SELECT LETTEES OP
328 " r*" marched
" hence] dispatched "
a respectable person, together with an intelligent officer of
" letter to the following *
remained ten or twelve days, and [from
I
Madhojee Bhonsillah, the chief of
spies, to
"
where
to Bangalore,
What
is
Ndgpoor,'-'*^ to
whom
I
addressed a
effect
that you^'"' have forgotten [your] ancient obligations
the reason
"
'
"
'
otherwise your shameful actions will [assuredly] draw upon you their due
"
'
punishment.""''
and taken [or learned] the lesson of the whoreson?'"" Fear God,
[to us]
"
I also
wrote and dispatched [letters], to the same purport, to Hurry Pundit
' Phurkia and to Rao Rasta, commanders of the army of the
infidels.
"
(18) In the original is,
*'
U
u:J!jA^
the nearest translation of which that
we happy," or " we prosperous."
and has been adopted by all son (bearing, however, the in some power) arrogate
(19)
pect to
LLJ^
it
It is
a
common form
the pseudo-princes of India. title
I
am
I
more-
I
capable of giving
of expression
vvitli
sovereigns,
have even known a private per-
of Nabob, and descended from a decayed family formerly
to himself.
There is here a considerable degree of obscurity in the manuscript, which I susThe passage in the original runs arise from the omission of some proper name. ^JiJ.<
the meaiiino-
channel of
L:i-«i,«-«
is,
^-
through the medium, or by means, of Madhojee.
that the letter in question
all
(3'e)
,^lU-ii
the cliicftains
a second plural formed from UJi
named
in
Probably
was to be delivered to Madhojee, through the
some person, whose name has been inadvertently omitted by the
(20) Orii^inal
addressino-
i-
\\
one and the same
(you); as if the Sultan were
letter.
one of the anomalies so usual with the author, or an error
ol'
transcriber.
This
is,
of course, either
the transcriber.
The
Sultan
here implicates the Ndgpoor chief in the supposed ingratitude of the Paishwa, although Madhojee Bhonaillah had taken but little share in the transactions alluded to. (21) Original
^Iks^
pU
as
once or twice btforc.
uncertain, wheiher the
It is
Nizam,
or the Paishwa, be here alluded to; this gross appcU.ition being sometimes given by the Sultan to one, and sometimes to the other. It is scarcc'Iy credible, liowever, that he should
speak of the
Mahrattah
Pa;.?/(M'a in this offensive
state.
If,
therefore,
it
tliou"-h so Slated in the narrative)
manner,
in
letters
addressed to the chieftains of the
was actually used (which,
it is
most prol>ablc that
it
after all,
indeed, the implied character of a teadier, or giver of lessons, to the Paishzea,
(22) Original •'
misdoing."
who was
at this time very
might not be the case,
Nizam; to whom, more applicable than
reFcrrcd to the
was
far
young.
s^. ,^y^ ^^ cs}^J^. >J^y
^.
'•'"'ill
arrive at the
due
requital
of their
T1PPOO "
I
ULTA
officers] of the
" be made abilities
[in the
first
instance]
when they
;
my
to
At
mind.
according to their [respective]
all,
[or powers], delivered their opinions
" agreeable
:
none of which, however, were
from the boundary of the Sircar,
'
proceed against Adoni, which
"
'
and
"
'
Attacking this place, we must obtain possession of
"
'
preservation] of their honor, the two
"
'
we
a strong place,
at a distance
where the honor" of Nizam Ali Khan
.S/rrfar**^''
shall see [the extent of] their strength
" plan] was apparently/ assented to by
" God [only] knows what they inwardly
" After
" against which
my
" making
opened trenches
I
;
;
but
to Adoni,'^"^
and renegade'"' armies might
infidel
what
in
the situation of Busalut
at the
end of a month, mounted
U
2
"
by long marches
hearing of
Having,
[to their assistance].
/•^(^j^L^^y^ "and
This opinion [or
but was [purposely] careless and dilatory in
" Jung's son, and of their women, the two
(23) Original
relief],
its
thought [on the occasion].
[or really]
approaches, in order that,
" advance together
for the sake [or
should come [to
and power.'
quitting Bangalore, I proceeded
this,
If,
it.
lodged.
is
those in attendance [upon mej
all
the
Please the Almighty God, I will
'
said,
I
''
is
God
time [or hereupon] calling upon
this
" Bountiful, and imploring his aid,
is
army, respect-
of conducting the war, and the attack*"' [most proper] to
mode
[best]
329
N.
moreover interrogated the Sirdars [or chief
" ing the
"
S
batteries
to
niaiitier
form a design,"
or,
" wlut
sort of expedition to undertake."
(2t) Original
^^j.i\j
(ndvioos) by wliicli
connected with, or depending on
tliat
is
usually understood the
of the females of his tauiily.
person, as
lioiioiir
of
Hence
the
word very
in
Adoni, the
ii
conmionly denotes the Haram.
women
(25) Tliere being no reason to suppose th^t the Mahrattahs had any
Sultan might possibly
mean
was committed with that of
that their honour
equally possible, that the expression, in ipiestion, plexity of style, which so
(26) This (27) to the
name
is
The
epithet
army
of the
much
distinguishes
uniformly written
^.JbJ
Aizdm,
Nizam
faith
;
in the
IJut
it is
from that perhis pen.
manuscript.
hero evidently designed lo apply
is
is
to the
Mahrattah army.
in the light of an apostate,
infidels, to the
or, in other words, of his
their ally. solely
more laboured productions of
as that of cJji^ "infidel"
connections he had formed with
hommcdan
the
jj^ " renegade," or " apostate,"
Sultan always affected to consider the political
all
may have proceeded
prejudice, as
own ambitious
views.
lie
The
on account of the put
it,
of the
Ma-
330
SELECT LETTERS OF
" batteries near the ditch,
I
"
in
breaching the place, when intel-
by Moghul Ali Khan,'"'*
ligence came, that the two aforesaid armies, headed
" brother of Nizam
Ali
"
naish Pundit,
**
side of the river
*'
for intercepting the
I
Rhan,Sohrab Jung, '"'Taigh
Apa Bulwunt, and
moved from
others,''^'
At
Tuughhudra.
two armies
" Sircar was dispersed "
was employed
;
were arrived
that time
"'
Jung,''"'
I
TehburJung,
at the other [or opposite]
army
in [prosecution of j the siege of the fort.
my
camp]
of the
On
Usud
" movement the
latter
"
in
proceeding along the skirts of the
"
aforesaid fort,
state''^''
lUiije
account
this
to the distance of half a coss
" on the flank [or on one side] of the road of the aforesaid armies.
this
Gun-
saw no good [or convenient] place
and, moreover, the
that place'^*^ [or shifted
"'
By
were thrown into the utmost dismay and confusion hills,
[at length]
;
" distraction and alarm
[at
all
the people of the fort
the time], that they
wearing apj}arel of the females, and every
article
and
reached the
near to which they remained encamped during three days.
" the fourth day they took out
this
On
but were in suclr
;
left
behind the whole of the
of
household furniture [belonging
(2S) I
do not
(29)
tliink this
I
called A^eemCil
find this
personage mentioned on the present occasion by any other authority.
was one of the
Omra, and
titles
of the Nizdm''s niiuistcr, Musliceriil MQlk, afterwards
finally Aristoo .lah.
j'«//a« affetis to write Shooriib (salt-water)
history) on the principle explained
It
proper to observe, however, that the
is
instead of Sohrdb (an eminent
by Colonel Wilks,
name
in
Persian
in the Preface to his valuable
History
of Mysore, page xxii.
ShumsOl Omra.
(30) Called also SyfCd MCilk and (31) I do not
know who
is
here meant.
The name
is
properly Tuhavwfn- Jung, but pur-
posely miswritten by the Sultan. (32)
Two
words follow here
iS^
prehend.
(tildijeh)
persons spoken of
is
in the original
^J^^ iJ^
a patrole, a picqiiet, &c.
i^\^\i
^
which
I
do not clearly com-
(ban) a rocket.
were commanders of bodies of rocket-men, and of
Perhaps the
particular corps
cm-
ployed as picquets, or patroles. c.
"
I
perceived no practicable means of intercepting them."
(33)
i.
(34)
Meaning "the
(33) In the original
position or
it is
ground" which he had previously occupied.
Jje-^.^\:yl
expressive in the Persian language,
is
"
falling
and
rising :" a phrase which,
though strongly
dilHcult to be preserved in a translation.
Tirroo SULTAN. longing to them].
In this naked
them, they took
midnight the road of
at
^"=
condition,
331
flight],
" pletely,'"' and, with the design of intercepting the fugitives,
" with the the utmost "
" tardy] " the
in
making
their report [of the
owing likewise
artillery,
to the
" the aforesaid armies were enabled " Tunghuddra
but
;
not without
enemy's retreat]
time [or on
this
" manifested
" army was
to
all
pursued them
to
effect
their
very negligent
[or
and, as, o« the whole, '^^^'^
;
followed very slowly, across
esc"&pe
leaving behind them,
in
their
the
river,
disorder
and
^*°^
this occasion]
the power
[of
God]
\vas
the world, in the following manner.
[wonderfully]
While the
the water was not higher than the waist
crossing the river,
" the space of
'^''
same circumstance,
" alarm, an elephant and some
" At
armed com-
I
As, however, owing to the rain, and to the miry
celerity.
the roads, the patroles had been on the ivhole
state of
along with
and made a shameful retreat/"*
flight,
Immediately on receiving the intelligence [of their
'•'
women
carrying the
;
fugitive
but in
end of which the army of the Usud Ilhye Sircar
six hours, at the
"
arrived in close pursuit [of the
*'
and thus was that prey, which the net had [so nearly] overspread, enabled,
enemy],
had risen to a
it
" by the divine pleasure [or power] to escape in 2 (36) Original
derstood in
seem
its
iJu *-
The term
is
The
with the banks'^":
safety.'"'
«
2
here employed somewhat equivocally.
" unencumbered
usual ligunitive sense of " light" or
to imply, that tiic writer intended
(37)
U
level
it
to
be taken
;"
in the sense of
It
After
mav be un-
but the context would
" naked
or bare."
would appear, by an Hindostan neuspjiper of June nS(>.
action, here alluded to,
this
period, to have taken place on the 27th
x^ J-^Ccj f—*
(38) Original
^Yords to his
the
at" "ot clear whether the Sultan
meant
apply these
to
(yj*) Original .i*J.lj_y
(39) (40)
army
I
at large, or to himself only.
There
name
is
of
a word here in the manuscript which
some wheeled
carriage.
jierplexed and obscure, and
1
freedom
The
in the translation.
was somelliing
have,
in the translation
The
I
do not undcrst.ind, but which
original
in consequence,
is,
in
this place,
probably
more than usually
been compelled to take some
Sultan would appear to have been conscious,
he was relating,
is
not altogether creditable to
character, and, in his attempt to gloss over the business, he has accordingly Diost bewildered style that can be imagined.
(41) Original
._,J^ (_J_.j_^
(42) Original
jJj^jJ^ ^^'^ " carried off their lives."
little
that there liis
military
fallen into the-
332
**
SE1.ECT LETTERS
" After putting the enemy
to flight, the
to the vicinity of the fort
[/',
" the course of which *'
e.
high [or eminent] army marched [back]
Adoni], where
of
Adoni
in
encamped
I lay
Adoni
[I caused] the fort of
then bestowed the country
1
OF
be entirely demolished
to
" authority]
o/" rM/^te* in
gave the
Nobut,^*''^ five
directing that, after fixing
might be necessary
as
return himself to his attendance *'
;'^^^
I
[i. e.
defence,^"'
its
and then
'''^^
upon our person,
marching from thence
After this,
for
[his
make
firmly in the Jageer, he should leave two thousand horse, and
" such other arrangements *'
money
*"'.
Jageer upon Kiitbuddeen Khan,
" Bukhshy of the Bd7--huchurri/,^"' to whom, moreover, " elephants, and a /acA
for five days, in
Adoni],
proceeded to the banks of
I
" the Tungbiiddra, &c."
The
sequel of the Sultans brief account of this
war
be given hereafter, in
will
proper place.
•its
The
foregoing narrative
great advantage,
own
is
not, perhaps, calculated to exhibit the Sultan to
either as a politician or a general.
account and the correspondence of
Usud
If (as
Khan
Ali
any
would seem from his
to have been the fact)
his (43) The fort of ^doni appears, by the Hindostan newspapers already referred have been taken possession of by the Sultan on the 11th of July 1786.
The Bdr-kuchurri/ was
(44)
Kushoon was an
the
department of
degree with a general
The Nobut
(45)
is
our
officer of
The Bukhshy
regular infantry.
subordinate to the Sipahddr and to the Risdladdr
office
Jiucfiurry, or one of the general divisions of the
army, appears
to
to, to
of a
but the Bukhshy of a
:
have corresponded
in
some
staff.
the privilege of retaining a
band of military musicians, who are usually
stationed over the gateway of the person's house, enjoying the honor
and occasionally join
;
his retinue in his visits of form.
(46) to
Tbb lack of
iTipees
have been a present.
would appear, from the manner and place
It is
more probable, however,
that this
in
which
it is
mentioned,
money was an advance, on
account of the pay and other espences of the force to be employed under KQtbuddecn. (4T* „
")
^Original
.\ *.li
.aI^
l<.
I
confess myself to be quite un-
^Jyj.'' "i^,' r^-*'' J.""It m.ay import, that he was to remain with certain as to the right meaning of this passage. y
two thousand horse on
when ordered
;
his
Jageer, but to hold himself always in readiness to join the Sultan
or the sense
that KutbCiJdeen,
i.."'
.
may
be, that which
unable to maintain
1
have given
in the text.
his footing in the district,
after the Sultan's departure from Adoni, to retire to Gooty.
HQsain Ali
states,
was compelled, some time
TIPPOO SUI>TAN. was
in the present expedition,
his chief aim,
333
Jung's family into his power, by means of a capitulation
end was more
females of
to get the
il is
;
Mohabut
obvious, that this
have been attained by a vigorous and menacing attack of
likely to
the place, than by the slow and feeble
mode of proceeding which he
In
adopted.
the former case, the garrison might possibly have been intimidated into an early surrender,
before the allied forces could
encouragement to hold out betrayed into this
through negociation
and
:
their arrival.
till
this
its relief
:
as
The Sultan
it
was,
it
had every
appears to have been his object
grand mistake was followed by another,
which completely frustrated
military kind,
to
by the expectation of accomplishing
error,
first
come
He
his views.
suffered the
of
enemy,
not only to reach Adoni without any material attempt to intercept them,
remain in
to
vicinity during three or four days
its
garrison and
women
in
safety,
without the
he endeavours to disguise these blunders
:
;
and
finally
least interruption.
It
a
but
to
remove the
is
in vain that
his endeavours, for this purpose, only
prove his secret consciousness of them.
LETTER From
Your write,
same
the
to the same,
and of the same Date.
note has been received, and
" that
CCCII.
its
You
contents are understood.
hitherto, in pursuance of the intimation of the Presence,^')
V you have not been
" negociation
[to
" [or lost]."W
deficient in [your endeavours to bring] the [pending]
a conclusion], and that, even now, nothing
You
proceed to state, that you wish
" the matter, agreeably to your former proposals, getting a settlement
*'
(18^/t June.')
made
we would
gone
is
represent
to the Presence
;
and
accordingly, which would redound to our
honour,
(
1
This
may
refer either to
think that the former (2) Original c:-J/
is
Tippoo or
here intended.
to his
own
master,
Mohabut Jung
;
but
I
indiue to
SELECT LETTERS OF
334
" honour/^> apprize you tbereof ;" and you exhort *'
most strenuous endeavours,
**
ansxA'cr."
It
is
the house [of your master].
prepared
is
Pity
I
to exert our
and send you a favourable
to obtain
Tbe firmament
known.
''
us,
W
and
a thousand
ripe with the ruin of pities
I
that you,
Sir,
should not have opened your eyes, or contemplated the certain conse-
quences of these proceedings *'
even now, nothing
is
but, instead of this, should write,
;
^one [or
lost]."
on the part of the
]3egiims,^^^
that,
This circumstance has excited
in us the utmost siu-prise and amazement. lately,
"
That
frieud [or you] did
supplicate, in the
most humble and
earnest manner, for an accommodation and adjustment of this business.
In consideration hereof, and solicitous to avert the dreadful
menaced the honor of a in any sinister
event,'^'^)
evils
which
collected together within the fort (for,
ivorld,
ruin to the house and Joss of honour^'^ to numberless
we
creatures must ensue),
represented the case in such various lights
[and so efficaciously] to the resplendent Presence, as brought our boun-
That
friend, notwithstanding this,
tiful
master to agree to a settlement.
now
introduces [or brings forward] excuses, respecting an adjustment of
the matter
hence
:
it
would seem, that you,
Sir,
are desirous of bringing
about the ruin of your master's house, and the misery of the people.
This
is
an
evil
fain impress
which no one can remedy.
[Still,
however, we would
upon your mind] the propriety of weighing
wisdom the good and bad of
business
tliis
;
in the scales of
and, having obtained from
your
{?,)
Or,
"good name:"
iMiigenieiit as the
(4) Original
^5)
The
(6)
I.
(1)
Original
e.
ttiat
one alluded
i.\».-,,„
-
CS^
'
(•
tiie
" An assault of the
iippUed more
being the instruments of so
just
and liumane an ar-
to.
superior ladies of
LSy.ju-y^
as
is,
"
"
fate
^/a/i/
is
;
impending" or " ready
[to strike]."
princesses.
fort."
* spilling,
shedding, or flowing of honour,"
particularly to female houour.
(as of
blood);
TIPPOO SULTAN. vour master
somehow
order that,
much
powers for
full
adjustnient, of your repairing hither, in
its
or other, the negociatlon
Any
be terminated
;
inas-
further delay must, on the other hand, be pro-
ductive of the most serious evils, which
or in ours, to ward
may
and prosperity of a whole world are herein concerned
as the interest
[or are at stake].
335
By
off.
in all worldly affairs,
will be
no longer
your power,
in
the Divine favour, that friend
conversant
is
and duly acrpiaintcd with the ups and
fortune [or
life].
You
the fate of
many
ancient rulers
With such examples
it
downs^'^^
own
have, moreover, witnessed with your ;
of
eyes,
such as those of Kurpah and Gooti/.
[before you], to permit [this thing]
is
far
removed
from [or irreconcilable with] foresight [or prudence], as well as incompatible with [your] attachment to the interest [of rate,
it
is
means of
your master].
At any
the imperious duty of the subdued [or powerless] to omit no conciliating the powerful
;
but, by every possible submission
and demonstration of humility, to avert the ruin impending over them [therefore] fitting,
it is
that that friend, accompanied by
:
two [other]
persons of weight and consideration, should repair hither to-morrow, in jointly represent matters in such a
way
to the Pre-
sence, as shall lead to the accomplishment of whatever
may
[best] con-
order that
we may
duce to the benefit of God's creatures.
LETTER Fro7n the same to the same
The
letter
CCCIII.
dated I6th Jaafury.
;
you sent has sliown the face of
arrival,
quainted with the circumstances therein written.
"
after obviating all
difliculties*^')
to day,
you
will
(19 th Jnnc.^
and made us ac-
You
state,
" that
come, accompanied by the
(8)
This
is literal
(1) Original
;
the original being
jj^wi^.v-i^J'
Jjoj
j;^.**
"
ajUj
;lj . (..-^-iJ
huviiig ailjusicJ
all
points in ilisputc."
SELECT LETTERS OP
33G 'f.
before mentioned] for the
the persons of respeetability [or credit,
" purpose of putting [every thing] It is
known, and highly approved.
in
a [proper] train [of adjustment]."
The
habits of friendship and mutual
from former times], firmly and truly subsisted
interest have, of old [or
between our lord and master (long may his prosperity endure
A regard
master.*-^
has disposed the blessed mind [of the
which
former] to an accommodation
;
especially confirmed by your
humble
in
sentations of us, your friends, It is,
and your
circumstance, joined to compassion for the
to this
situation of [God's] creatures,
ncgociation.
V)
[disposition]
supplications,
he has been more
aided by the repre-
and others participating
in the present
that that friend, obtaining full
therefore, proper,
powers to conclude a settlement, and accompanied by the persons of credit [before alluded to], should
repair hither, and finally arrange the
business, according to your agreement
;
inasmuch
master, has these two objects greatly at heart of [God's] creatures
•,^^'>
;
as his Highness,
namely,
first,
our
the relief
and, secondly, the corroboration of the founda-
AVhat more
tions of ancient friendship.
?
LETTER CCCIV. From
same
the
to the
same
;
dated TVednesdaij Night, IStk JaafuryS^> (2\st June?)
We will
Do
morning. [friends]
[punctually] attend, Sir, to your appointment for to-morrow
you come
when we
;
(2) Alluding,
will
Original
most probably,
(1)
This
here, for
^l^ J!^^
letter
tlic
Sir,
accompanied by your confidential
proceed together to the Presence.
hit Jui'.g (the father of Moliabiit
(3)
also,
(=V'
to the political
connexion formerly subsisting between Busa-
Jung) and Hyder
"
Ali.
'^o'"P'**'''°" ^""^ *''^
condition of Cod's creatures."
should properly follow the one which
it
now precedes;
purpose of preserving the coniinuit}' of the subject.
but
it is
inserted
TIPPOO SULTAN.
33^
OBSERVATIONS. Nothing further
is
recorded in the correspondence respecting this negociation,
which was probably bro^cen
With
army.
off about this time,
by the appearance of the reHeving
the exception of a shght notice in Letter
even mentioned in any of the succeeding dispatches,
when,
in consequence of the peace concluded with the
the Sultan announces to Kiitbuddeen
made
Khan
till
CCCVIII, Adoni we
is
not
arrive at the period
Mahrattahs and the N'lzdm,
the revocation of the grant he had
to the latter of that district in Jdgecr.
LETTER CCCV. 2b BuRHANUDDEEN
On
;
dated \'Jth Jaafury.
(20ih June^
the subject of his chastising the enemy, and desiring
moving round them also, to
among
at the distance of ten or twelve coss.
procure supplies of grain from
Nugr and
him
to keep
Directing him,
to distribute the
same
his troops.
LETTER
CCCVI.
Circular, dated 18th Jaafury (2\si June),
to the
following
SlPAHDARS.
Shaikh Imam,
Zynul Aabideen, Mahommed Huleem,
Imam Khan,
HusAiN Khanpoonv,
Ahmed Baig, Ghulam Mohyuddeen,
RujUB Ali Baig,
Shaikh Omau.
Meeran Husain,
You
are to retain with your Kushoons such
only, of those belonging to
it,
as
may be 2
X
young and
active
women,
capable of keeping pace with the
SELECT LETTERS OF
338
army
the victorious
in its
The
[approaching] marches.
who may
rest,
be aged and infirm, are, with the other heavy baggage, to be sent off to
Fyze Hindi-
In addition to your constant [or usual] stock of
\_Gootij\.
you must supply yourself with a
provisions,
sufficient quantity
kept in reserve] for the consumption of ten days.
What more
[to be
?
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
probable, that the Sultan was
against the allied force,
presumed
now preparing
make some movement
of the approach of which to the relief of
have received intelligence about this time.
to
to
followed in the manuscript
by a
short note to
The
Adoni he may be
foregoing circular
is
Moaayenuddeen, desiring him to
hasten to the Presence, as soon as he had finished his repast.
LETTER ZumanKhanj
To BuDRuz
According
Hukm-ndmeh
Ja AFC iiY.
[or written
(24th June.')
your
instructions],
men, including
Ji/she, horse,
and
Call the detached troops, or out posts, together; and do you,
Piddehs. tlie
your
dated 2\st
consist of ten thousand
army should
for
to
CCCVII.
present, proceed
and join Biirhaniiddcen with your army, and
co-operate with him in the chastisement of the enemy.
Your appointment of Mudara Baig approved.
You
LETTER To Burhanuddeen letters
set forth in
Kiluaddry of Jlmmdpoor
must, by means of the aforesaid,
raise for the service of the Sircar'\ as
Two
to the
;
^^i.
many horsemen
together
[/.
is e.
as possihle.
CCCVIII.
same Date.
Q2Ath Jime^
from you have passed under our view, and the particulars
them are
distinctly manifested.
What
T
What
I
SULTAN.
rPO O
339
you write, of having chastised and defeated the enemy,
Budruz Zuman Khan has
understood.
been ordered to join you
also
with the forces under his command, and to co-operate with you
The
chastisement of the enemy.
you with
As he
his troops.
aforesaid
Khdn
course,*^')
in the
accordingly, join
will,
possesses great practical knowledge
rience in war, you will, as a matter of
is
consult with
and expe-
him on
You
measures relating to the operations [you are conducting].
all
must,
also,
keep moving round the enemy, at the distance of from two to three
coss,
in
order that you may, by this means, straiten their foragers.^-^
What you
write,
with regard to your having relinquished to the
captors the horses and camels taken from the enemy,
we approve of
We
lately
^\'ith
your army.
That, however, are,
in
Dhdrwdr, and Shdnoor, and apply yourself
we
Please God,
shall soon
which occupies us here, when, part of the enemy's forces as
Adoni, we
;
and
wrote to you, desiring you to turn, or pass, the rear of the
You must remain where you
enemy.
known
the same.
enemy, and join us sary.
is
shall proceed,
not
now
neces-*
the districts of Kiltoor,
to the chastisement of the
be disengaged from the business
after inflicting signal
may
is
punishment on such
[venture to] advance
oji
this side of
by the route of Hurpunhulhj, and crossing the
Tungbhuddra, pursue [from thence] our march
to that quarter
[/.
e.
to
join you].
What you have stated, of the commendable services hommed Khan, and of Sheer Khan, the Umlddr, and
of Ghous others,
prehended, and we have, in consequence, issued orders to
is
Macom-
Mahonuued
Ilyder and to Nursia, the Taaldkddrs of Niigr, to send you two pair of
2X2 (1)
Ongm.il jtji^J:^ "
(.)
So
I
nnderstaiul
ilic
ot a single (liuciitical point,
by
this
A
gold,
necessary point, artiuk', consciiuenoc." oriniiKil
oF this passago
would imply, means, be augmented.
;
whicli, liowovi-r,
by
the
altor.itioii
tlwt Bftriiririuddcon's facilities of foiaging
would,
SELECT LETTERS OF
340
gold, and thirty pair of silver
The former
seerS*^
each pair of the weight of one
/ui//calis,^^'>
of these you are to present to the
[Ghous Mahomnied Khan], and
first
Munshoor
Sheer Khan, the Umlddr aforesaid.
to
Thie silver ones are to be given to the inferior officers, as
marks of our
approbation.
Of
and
{^absolutely] require,
of the Doolies [or
and wounded must be dispatched
You
write,
" that you have
upon the enemy."
among
distribute the rest
[^with you], for the service
*'
keep as many [onlyj as you
the Coolies attached to you,
litters],
which the sick
in
make a night attack
contemplation to
It is revealed.
Where
an opportunity of making a night attack
moving round the enemy,
the four Kushoons
to the circumjacent forts. in
it
may
You
?
when]
[or
should, however, keep
at the distance of three or four
that, if a favourable occasion should present
you have
will
coss,'^^'>
you may
itself,
in order
[fall
upon
and] chastise them.
OBSERVATIONS. The
foregoing letter appears twice in the collection, but in different places, and
with some variations. perfect of the two.
I
have followed the entry which seemed to
What you
" must give
write
(3)
is
pound and (5)
I.i
In Letter
a
:
moment
to
*U-CiJ or a
is
understood.
You
to exert himself, for the purpose of infusing
they
may
not, hereafter, act in a cowardly
of service."
a kind of bracelet or ring, won) round
(4) In the original
A full seer is equal
Buhhshy
spirit, so that
at the [critical]
A Hulkah
paragraph occurs
of the bacTiivardness of the cavalry
orders to their
" into them a proper
" manner,
the most
In the copy, however, which I suppose to have been can-
celled, the following material ''
me
light seer,
tlie
wrist.
opposed to a seer of
about two pounds avordupoise.
The
lig/it
full or perfect weight.
seer does not exceed
a
li;Uf.
a preceding part of this letter, the distance prescribed
CCCV
it is
stated at ten or twelve coss.
is
from two
to three coss.
TIPPOOSULTAN.
341
LETTER CCCIX. To Meer Turab Ali This
and
his rank
qualifications.
overture in writing from
a favourable reception,
would not appear
It
Turab
to the Sultan
by
I take this
Meer Turab
Ali to be the
making some
It
does
same person who on by Tippoo,
1
796-7, at
whether or not he
the Sultan that he could serve ;
in the year
not appear from the correspondence,
furnish reason to think he did not.
him
be found
will hereafter
dependant of Moha-
was probably,
accepted the Sultan's proposals on the present occasion
joining
commu-
at this period, a
the court of Ilijderabad.
but Jung.
be an answer to any direct
Hindoo agent, named Laleh Wullub Doss.
a
figure in the intrigues carried
He
to
and a provision suitable to
have resulted from some verbal
Ali, but to
made
nication
(28th June.')
a letter from the Sultan, inviting the person addressed to repair to his
is
where he promises him
court,
dated 22d ShaabaxS'^
;
It is
him
;
but other documents
not unlikely, that he might have satisfied
better
where he then was, than by actually
which, however, he ultimately did, after the
lajjse
of
some
years.
LETTER CCCX. To
Mahommed Ali
the SiPAHDAit,
You
write,
dated 21 th Jaafvry.
;
" that the Ddrogha of the
J'aisy attachcil to
(30th Jane.)
your Kushoon
" having, without your knowledge, sent the bullocks [belonging to your
" guns]
to graze,
came
the enemy's people
after flogging the aforesaid Ddroi^ha, discharge
With
respect to the Risdladdr,
be very troublesome'^) to the
Bubr
men
Ali Baig,
"('*)
You
him [from our
whom
must,
service].
you represent to
of the Risdla, and to the Jowkddrs, voii
(1)
Correspontiin;^,
I
bflicvo, with
tlic 20tli
of June n3(i: consequently, this letler should
properly h.ivc (ollowcd Letter CCCIII. (1*) Either the Sipal)ddr left the rest to
what
b(!
most probable, as
will
(2) Original LiJii-i
bave been obliged
by liis master, or the transcriber omitted " and carried them otl." The latter is the
^Ui-ssed
should have followed, nanielv, the wordN
appear from Ixttcr CCCXXIII, where the same subjrct recurs.
which
to render
is
it.
not less vague in
its
signilicution than the
word by
whicli I
SELECT LETTERS OF
342 you must give shall prevent
[or admonisli
lilm such strict orders
him from repcatiug
him
so severely]] as
improper practices.
his
LETTER CCCXI. To BuRHANUDDEEN
You
" that some
write,
" cent] Taaldks *'
of^')
;
sawe Date.
(SOfh Jnne.^
the Kilaaddrs and Byots of the [adja-
[or districts], having
thrown
off their allegiance(-> to us,
convey intelligence to the enemy, and, moreover, supply the latter
" with
provisions."
punish
them,*^^)
You must
known.
It is
and hang them upon
LETTER To Z\"svL, Aabideen
HisAit, CCltittledoorgJ
Your
trees, as
;
of Kopul, has heen received.
examples to others.
Ehsham at Fvrrvkh-yah
same Date.
enclosing one [to your
letter,
upon the [offenders],
CCCXII.
Bukhsiiy of
;
seize
('*)
(30th June.')
address] from the Kilaaddr
Y^ou state, " that you
had [some time hefore]
(1) Tlioiigl) this restriction of
tlie
more probable that the words which
I
not aiithorized
by
manuscript, yet
seems
sense
is
liavc
ventured to supijly should have been omiued by
tiie
it
the transcriber, than that the disaffection, or disloyalty, referred to, should have been so imply. The inhabitants of a fron•universal, as the original, without this correction, would tier
province mi'^ht waver
of the
proved unfaithful to him. (2*) Original iSJ:»J-\> (3)
in their
Sultans own appointment,
The
sense
may
attachment; but as it
would be
.^
.\
" having
it
they should
all
have
revolteJ, or rebelled."
be, and punish
them by hanging them, &c.," or "
jj«1j la:^
where the word
ki
The
original
is
that
some were
J'i^j'^j
to
'^L ^^
(khuttj sufficiently denotes that the
enclosure referrca to was addressed to ZynCd Aabideen
the Sultan,
the Kilaaddrs must have been
.
be punished (perhaps flogged) and others to bo hung."
(I*) Orighia! Jj
all
difficult to believe that
;
since,
if
it
would have been called an urzee, inilcad of a Ahull.
bad been adJresscd to
TIPPOO SULTAN.
343
*'
before] written to us, on the subject of providing for the security of the
"
fort of
"
trusty
"
sent by us to your letter."
we gave
Kopul, and of dispatching [thither] a thousand or
men
Some time has
known.
is
men
orders for the dispatch of the trusty
We
replied to your letters.^'*^
will
hundred
no answer had [yet] been
[to reinforce the garrison], but that It
five
clasped since
[in question],
and also
now, however, send people [or a
re-
inforcement] to the aforesaid fort [directly] from the Presence.
LETTER CCCXIIL To BuRHANUDDEEN
We
have learned of the
and that that
light of
clufeil
;
our eyes has encamped
cattle]
You of
may
The
at Kulhungi/,^-^
rains,
however,
a very
are violent
you must [therefore] encamp on [or move to] some spot,
:
where the rain
(pth July.')
of the enemy's army from Iloohly^^^
flight
strong and [well] protected situation. at that place
2d DJrJey.
more moderate,
is
in
order that your horses, &c. [or your
not perish, or your people suffer inconvenience.
write,
on the subject of confining AbdCd Sumud Khun,^^> the son
Hukcem Khan, "
that Dilcer Dil
Khan having
represented him to
" be attached to the Sircar, and as entertaining no dangerous views of " any kind, you propose waiting a repetition of our orders for his "
arrest."
It
[a prisoner] to
is
known.
You must
secure his person,
and send him
Nugr.
Agreeably to your the Tualdkddr of
desire,
Nugr, and
we have to
written [and enclosed] orders to
the [several] ylumils of that district, to
(2*)
The answers
0)
Oiig'mul
(2)
Name
rcfcricJ to Iiad probably miscariicil.
Vij
uncertain
C?) Sec Letter
j»
;
wliitij
circumstances
but perhaps
CCXCVI.
liic
make probable
is
designed for 7/oyi/y.
Kailkunda of Captain Moor.
SELECT LETTERS OF
344
to dispatch supplies of grain to you. to them,
You must
forward the said orders
and apply for the grain [you require].
LETTER CCCXIV. To Rajah
You
Ram Chundur
;
dated 4th
gth
DJraey.
have represented to us, " that Syed Peer, the Kilaaddr of that
" place [_Bangalore\, requires a separate order from us *'
July.)
to himself [as a
for his dispatching to the Presence the cannon-shot
warrant],
" which we
lately
now wanted
wrote to you]."
It is
known.
[for
Cannon-shot are not
they must, therefore, not be sent.
:
OBSERVATIONS. for declining to
As Syed Peer was not reproved himself,
may
it
gulations of
be concluded, that
his
department
;
lie
was
obey an order not addressed to
justified
in
what he did by the
re-
and, consequently, that the Sultan had issued his
orders in an informal manner. It
moreover
may
be inferred from the foregoing
operations against Adoni had
now
letter,
that the Sultan's
terminated.
LETTER CCCXV. To RuKMUST Kuan, FoujdAr^^^ of Kurnool; same Date. (JthJidy.)
A
[After compliments]
long period has clasped, during
Avhich you have not delighted or gladdened
me
with the joyful tidings of
your (I) Tills Icrni lilerally signifies,
accept ition,
of a
it
means an
district, to wliicli is
iliougii this
is
officer of
•'
cnc liaving charge of an army;" but,
government, cNcrcising
tlic civil
in
itsordinaiy
and military
juiisdiction
sometimes added the administration or collection of the revenues,
usually a distinct
employment, and held by an Aumil.
TIPPOO SULTAN. your health and happiness. blished rules of
is
very distant from the esta-
since friendship renders
friendship,
me
you] to afford
This neglect
345
incumbent [on
it
regularly the satisfaction of receiving letters [from
you], containing accounts of your welfare.
The
army being arrived
victorious
that friend should afford
me
discharged in a personal
it
fitting
is
that
mutual regard and amity may be
of
and that various
strengthened,
parts,^-)
the pleasure of an interview [with him],
order that the foundations
in
in these
points,
intercourse,^'^)
which can only be properly
may
be finally adjusted [be-
tween us].
OBSERVATIONS. I
am
unable to say, whether the interview, here proposed by the Sultan, It is probable, that
place or not. for
Runmust Khan would endeavour
no other reason than because he could not consent
to evade
took it,
if
to such a meeting, without
rendering himself obnoxious to the suspicions and displeasure of the Nizdm, whose feudatory be was. It
must not be concluded, from the circumstance of the Patan chieftain being
designated Fotijddr addressed
by
in
the
title
of
the foregoing
Such an
this disparaging appellation.
with the general style of the
which
letter,
is
letter,
that he was actually
affront could not
be reconciled
not deficient in courtesy.
It
is
however, that the Sultan might have been in the habit of speaking
very possible,
of him, to bis secretaries and others, as the Foiijddr of Kurnool, and that term, like that of
Sdnoor
IFdle/i,
might, in this manner, have come to be adopted by
the transcribers, or registers, of the correspondence.
2
(2) is
This
letter
Y
was probably written while the Sullan was
in
the vicinity of Adoni, whicli
only about seventy miles from Kurnool. (3) Original
might be been
^y ^
coiistruc-il
as
An
expression whicii,
meaning
in his contemplation.
**
if
used by any
otiier
person but Tippoo,
a convivial meeting ;" which, of course, could not have
SELECT LETTERS OF
346
LETTER CCCXVI. 2b Rajah
Ram Chundur
Directing him
dated 6fh
;
to issue the pay of the
DarAey.
men
(9th July.')
raised by
Syed Peer, the
Kilaaddr \oi Hangalore], according to the return transmitted; with an intimation, that useless, or old
to them.
named
if
the aforesaid Kilaaddr should entertain any infirm,
men, he would be compelled
Ordei'ing, moreover, a receipt to be
Kilfiaddr, for
short, that
to refund the advances
Rum
Chundur was not
to supply
demanded of the abovehim
articles delivered to
all
made
;
and signifying,
him with any
in
thing, without
taking his receipt for the same/'>
^
LETTER CCCXVIL
Circular,
scane
Date,
(9th July), to
Mahommed Kuli Khan, IsHMAEL Baig Humdany
Khajeh Ibud Khan, Khajeh Uzeemullah Khan,
and
Ishmael Baig Isfahany/'*) Inviting them
to repair, with collected
to the Presence, and to bring with
them
as
promising that the whole shall be provided
and to the regulations of
(1)
Literally,
(I*)
It is
Jung.
" there
probable that
tlie
[i. e.
with confidence]^
many horsemen for,
as possible
according to their merits
Sircar.
is ?io necessi'tj/
alh these
minds
were
for delivering
any
articles to
officers ia the service of the
him without a
receipt."
Nizam, or of Mohabui
TIPPOO SUJLTAN.
LEn^ER Meer Maiiojmmed
To
sence)
Directing him
;
cccxviir.
Deu-ax of
Sadik,
34/"
same Date.
the livzooii^^ (or Pre-
(9ih July?)
and trace the goods and
to ascertain
furniture'^"-^ in
the possession of the inliabitants of that place [meaning Serwgopatam~\
and
make a
to
report of the same.
OBSERVATIONS. The
phrase ^^sJL>j *^
to the recovery
i'^-:
some
I
have rendered "
to
trace"
usually applied
is
of things concealed: the order, therefore, implies, that a
was
search, or examination, sition,
which
was, does not appear contribution,
;
but
the Sultans object, in this inqui-
was most probably directed with a view to
it
which he might have had There
subjects, in aid of his finances. for supposing that
What
made.
to be
strict
is
in contemplation to
no authority, however, that
any such contribution was
levy I
on
know
his of,
actually levied at this period.
LETTER CCCXIX. To BuRttANUDDEEN
Directing him Boodhun (brother
station
to
to
dated 9th
J
Daraey.
(\2th Juhj.')
Risdla of the Jj/she,
a
Shaikh Unser),
at
under Shaikh
Dhdrwdr ; and
to
dispatch,
with great care, to Chittledoorg , the Daisye and other hostages.
2 (1)
"
Wiietiicr or not
to state positively.
He
head; but, probably,
of
2
Minister of the Presence:" such
dik at this period.
(2)
Y
Original
money
:
was afterwards,
still
(^UL j
it seems was the official designation of Meer Siany ciiangc subsequently took place in it, I am unable
at the institution of the
Meer
Asofs, placed at their
continued to be styled "/>ewflrt of the Zfwzoor."
(^li»-l
This expression does not usually,
and yet the context would here seem
to imply as
I
much.
believe, include the idea
SELECT LETTERS OF
348
OBSERVATIONS. The of
Daisije, here mentioned,
whom
same
the
last
subject,
removed
is,
no doubt, the unfortunate chief of Kittoor,
notice was taken in Letter
makes
Another dispatch, on the
CLXX.
rather uncertain, whether the
it
Dalsye himself was to be
Chlttledoorg, or only such of his servants or dependants as were
to
deprived of their liberty at the same time with him, and t1ie
original
who
are distinguished
m
by the term Ool, or hostages.
LETTER CCCXX. and Ghulabi Hyder, Daroghas of the
Khan
2b Shumsuddeen
Tosheu-Khaneh,
(at
PuryJ
A Book, entitled Fukhnfs
;
dated 14ih
and
Q'Jth
Jul?/.')
Shilyookh [or " the glory of the Shaikhs"'],
Of
has been dispatched to you by the post. copies correctly
Daraey.
plainly Avritten
this
book you are
to get forty
by the transcribers there
[i. e.
at
Seringapatani], leaving fifteen blank leaves at the beginning and end of
Let
each copy.
this
be expeditiously
done,<'>
and
let
the several copies
be forwarded to us as they are finished, and an entry be made of the
same
in the register of
You must compare
your department.
the books, which were sent to you pately] by the
post, with the catalogue
them
in
forwarded [at the same timej, and depositing
our library, make an entry thereof in the register of the [proper^
Of
the books in question
we have
retained seven volumes.
OBSERVATIONS. The book at page 15/
here directed to be copied ;
where
it is
is
mentioned in Major Stewart's catalogue,
stated to be a treatise
on the duties of pious Musulmans.
So (1) Tn the original
jjJIj^jIj ois- wliicltmay possibly mean,
"htthzm
ha bound"
TIPPOO SULTAN. So many copies were doubtlessly ordered, with a view
349 to the general dissemination
of the doctrines inculcated in the work, which, of course, corresponded with the
Sultan's It
is
own
intolerant and bigottcd principles.
not improbable, that the books, mentioned in the
preceding
letter,
were part of the booty acquired
at
last
paragraph of the
Adoni.
LETTER CCCXXI. To RuNMUST Khan, Chief of Kurnool
A. H. 1200.
Mentioning
families or states],
Bumuzan,
Dhuruni Doss, who would
communicate matters circumstautially
;
and recommending
union subsisting
the
dated \2th
(or dth July I786.)
the dismissal of
continue to cultivate
;
to
verbally
him
to
of old [hetween the two
as this [line of conduct]
would be productive of
salutary cuds.
N.B. This
letter
should properly have followed Letter
CCCXVIII.
LETTER CCCXXII To BuRHANUDDEEN
J
duted
from Kurgoor, I4lh DJr.iey.
(\7th Jufi/.)
On
the subjects of stationing the Bisdla of Shaikh Boodhun, accord-
ing to former orders [see Letter for the
Aumil
with himself the to
;
CCCXIX]
at
Dlidrwdr
of that place, Yenkut Rungia, and keeping
of appointing Sheer Khan, the
Umlddnj of Dhdrwdr
;
and of dispatching
;
him
of sending careftdfi/^^>
Umlddr of KUtoor,
to
Mahommcd Ghous Khan
Dhdrwdr.
Announcing (1)
It woiilil
seem by
tlio
context, that Yciikut Uungiii was in di-giacc.
'350
SKLECT LETTERS OF
Announcing
Gung-KurkniU,^^^ and would soon arrive
rivcr'-^
at
liini]
and enjoining him
;
was about
to liim, moreover, that the Sulfcm
mean
the
[in
[?'.
e.
to cross the
would soon join
while] not to give battle preci-
pitately.W
Informing him,
goor
finally,
was arrived
that the special retinue
Kur-
at
and directing him to send orders for the demolition of the
;
fort
of Kittoor, and for the return of the garrison to his army.
LETTER CCCXXIII. To
the
Two
Mahommed Ali
SiPAHDAR,
same Date,
;
(l^th July.^
humble addresses] have been received from you,
Urzies [or
wherein you mention " that the Ddrogha of the Jinsy of your Kicshoon
" had, without your knowledge, " the
eneniy's horse
came and
sent [your]
carried
" sequence] placed him [the
We
oft";
for
to graze
;
that
that you had, [in con-
Ddrogha] under
" Mahommed Kazim, interceding " procured
them
bullocks
a guard
;
and that
him with Burhiinuddecn,
had
his release."
formerly wrote, and
we now again
write to say, that the above-
mentioned Ddrogha must be dismissed from our service, and another appointed in his place.
Our conclude the Toovihuddra to be here meant.
(2)
I
(3)
Gung-kurkndt
is
the right
name
I
am
not certain, however, that
of the passage spoken of, tiiough
it
is
so written in
Kurgoor to be the Ktrsouth-west of Adoui ; though goadc of Colonel Wilks' map, placed about twenty-five miles Kurgoor would appear, by the next letter, to be situated on, or near, the i)ai)k of the Toombiiddra, i\om \\\\\ch Kcrgoade I'i, at li-asf, fointecn miles according to the maj). two or three
(4) letter is
As
ill
places.
It
does not appear
any of our maps.
a few other instances, this part of the abstract
»«^ 4jj^ ^jj
remarkable,
tliat
.wrf
*ji>
U "We,
I
take
is in
One more
I
the words of the original
too, crossing the river, will soon arrive;"
the iw//aH employs both the pronoun personal
the fubt person, of which
spondence.
in
U
where
it
(we), and the verb in
doubt whether there are two otlier e.\aniplcs in the whole corre-
occurs in Letter
CCCLVI,
to
MCilaim Jung.
TIPPOO SULTAN. Oar most
holy camiy'>
is
pitched on
tlie
351
banks of the Tiingbuddra
,
and
you may reckon on the special retinue speedily reflecting splendor on that quarter.
OBSERVATIONS. If
med
any orders were sent All's Jinsi/, tlicy
Buihanudden, respecting the Ddrogha of Mahoin-
to
do not appear.
It is
not improbable, however, that under
the loose system, by which the military authorities were regulated in the Sultans the present directions to the Sipahddr were
armies,
deemed
sufficient for the
occasion.
LETTER CCCXXIV3b
GnuLAM Hl SAIN Khan, Mvxshoor Dauaey.
Directing him
to
of
Bangalore ;
employ the Kumdties, or labourers, belonging
time, to the provisioning of the place conjointly with the Kilaaddr
necessary in
all
;
and
as business
things, great
Ordering him,
18M
(2\st Jidy.^
the fort, in erecting habitations for the Ahmedies
relating to the fort,
dated
finally,
to
and
make
;
to
was
;
to
to attend, in due
to wx'iie his Urzies [to the Sidtan7\
examine carefully into in progress, that
all
made
affairs
attention
small.<'*>
his written instructions the rule of his
conduct.
(1) Original
uses in writing to his Ui-JjJj
U
" our
Tiiis
j^^jj) *«ir«
own
tlie
iannuage of royalty, which the
subjects and dependants.
,J'
of them.
It
in is
tlie
present correspondence.
^j^jj>-
»yw//rt72
occasionally
" resplendent presence," and These forms do
not,,
how-
Tiic Memoirs furnish ratiicr
probable, that in his oral intercourfc with his people, he
constantly employed the style of majesty. (\*) Original
j ....i^
prosperous person," arc of the same nature.
ever, occur very freciuentiy
more examples
is
"particular and general."
SELECT LETTERS OP
352
LETTER CCCXXV. To KuTBUL
Directing him
MuLK
to circulate
Same Date.
;
among
the
(2lst
Musulman
Juli/.')
inhabitants of that
place [meaning jldoiif] the mandates containing the arguments, explanations,
and statements ;^^^ and
of] the same to
also to transmit [copies
Hyderabad and ^urungahad.
OBSERVATIONS. There can be no doubt, that the documents
memorandum, under
referred to in this brief entry, or
the designation of arguments, &c. are the circular letter and
proclamation inserted at page 291, and which the Sultan appears to have been anxious to disseminate, wherever there was any chance of their procuring partizans, or of inducing
Musulman
shall, accordingly, presently see
tremities of Hindostan, in
keep pace with
adventurers to repair to his standard.
him
immediate neighbours); inasmuch
We
transmitting the same persuasions to the ex-
which quarter, however,
his wishes, (whatever
him
might be the case
as the contest for
was not
his success
likely to
dominions of his
in the
power between Madhajee Sain-
deah and the Moghul chieftains of Hindostan had not yet terminated; and because, while that contest continued, the inducements to the Musulmans to emigrate from
thence were not so strong as they subsequently became, upon the complete esta-
blishment of the Mahrattah authority throughout the provinces lying between the
Chiimhid and the Ganges.
any longer
exist, to
But even
in this last conjuncture,
the northward of the Toombuddra , a single
when
there did not
Mahommedan
leader,
capable of affording employment to the scattered bands of Moghuls and Patans,
who were now
left
without a master, the Sultan would not appear to have obtained
any material accession of strength from the side of Hindostan
:
the chief reason of
[i)
"
Original
JWl j e:^ jW j J.;^*^^^
" mandates containing aiguments and cxpiana-
lions with accounts or expositions [of the actual circumstances or state oi Islam in India].'
TIPPOO SULTAN.
353
of which, most probably, was, that there was no access to Rlifsorc, excepting by
who were
men
not likely to have permitted any bodies of armed the purpose of
for
their territories,
armies.
reinforcing his
any
received, at the period alluded to,
recruits
power,
states jealous of his
the possession of his enemies, or of
countries in
from
at all
pass through
to
therefore, he
If,
quarter,
this
it
could
only be such straggling individuals as might, from their insignificance, be enabled to proceed unnoticed.
The Kutbulmulk,
''
to
whom
the fbregoing letter
son elsewhere called Kutbiiddeen Khan, which
mon among Musulmans.
is
last is
addressed, a
name by no
Kutbulmiilk, on the other hand,
indeed, of considerable eminence, the affix of nlmiilk to a
that title
in general,
is,
bestowed.
plural
;
and
this
general, because
it
The
Jung
;^^^
Uddowlah
3,
a title
fancy to resemble,
Khan was
1,
and
Baronet;
also considered as
was rarely that any
Sometimes we
of which
the following ascending scale.
Ulmdlk
4,
Baron;
2,
;'^^
3,
1,
which the reader may,
I
believe that
tliis
KQtbQlinCilk was
(3) Etymoiogists pretend
" a
"
pearl ;"
i. e.
«'
made by
tliat
is
it
the
is
this
tlie
if
he
still
pleases,
addition
occasionally It
is,
Z
however,
father of IIQsain All Kliui),
who was
killed
on
the English on the post of Sultanpd.
word
precious as a pearl."
Belidddr ;^'^
The
Viscount; 4, Earl.
an honorary distinction, and
2
(2)
and one,
denoting the highest
bestowed, as such, by the imperial and some of the pseudo courts.
the 6th April 1799, in an attack
;
number.
titles is in ;'^^
uncom-
njeans
have been a step higher than what was denoted
to
in the singular
usual gradation of
substituted for ulmdlk,
to, or
would appear
by the same term
of
title
is
of a superior degree was conf6Yred by the court of Dehli.
meet with ulmumdUk added
2,
I say, in
the same per-
is
is
compounded of
\^
It figuratively signifies
"
price, value,"
and jj
" a champton, warrior, or
brave man."
Tliis title, to be rendered significant, must be preceded by some other word, (4) Jung. expressing some (juality or characteristic of a warrior: as Slwkut Jung, "formidable in " battle;" JJiluwuv Jtoig, " valiant in battle, or in war, &c. (5)
Uddowlah.
This word
may be rendered "of
the state
;"
as
(6) Ulmulk may be " of the kingdom," and ulmumdlik " of tlic empire." Thus Nizamiiddou'la/t signifies " regulator of the state," or " one who contributes to the order or rcgula" tion of the btate ;" as A/us/iecr uhnulk docs " counsellor, or minister, of the kingdom."
SELECT LETTERS OP
354
ever, in such very general use, as a
Mahommedans, and
particularly those of the
when
always easy to distinguish,
as a title or a
The
first title
generally conferred
at once.
empire
:
At
On
is
were
have, at
times, been conferred
the Decan, as
added
to
some
by
in
its
more
flourishing days, these
They
and were never considered hereditaiy.
by the imperial court; but the Souhahs of
title,
which,
I
distinction of nl believe,
Omra ;
was usally
court of Hyderabad, however,
At the
or rather extended the
restricted
by the emperors
Emirdl Omra, or "
to
lord
we meet with AazmniU Omra,
" grandest of lords;" Shmnsdl Omra, "the sun of lords;"
I
Ud-
Moghul
than has been latterly the case.
the single individual occasionally elevated to the rank of
" crown of
be applied,
occasions, however, all four are bestowed
patent,
ordinarily granted
them the more eminent
lords."
to
not
ambitious of surrounding themselves with superior splendor, have
application of this
" of
meant
that of Behddur, then Jung, afterwards
less lavishly distributed
titles
if
is
reason to believe that,
distinctions
Such are the
it is
such has been the practice since the decline of the
least
but there
all
what sense
tribes, that it is
proper name.
whether
dowlah, and lastly Ulmiilk.
Patan or Afghan
occurs, in
it
is,
that
component part of proper names, among the
TdjM Omra, "the
lords," &c.
have no where been able to discover any clear or distinct proof, that Tippoo
Sultan ever conferred
titles
of any sort upon his subjects
In a
belief.
" always to
letter, for instance,
to
affix his tiile seal'^ to his Urzies."
addressed to a
Mulaim Jung ; and another
Jlouscottah.
With
to suspect that it signifies
Rajah
to a
Ram
We
and yet there are some
some degree,
passages in the correspondence, which would seem, in
such a
;
Chundur, " he
meet
also with
was no other than
" gentle, or
war:" and
and appears to have belonged
Besides these titled persons,
Mahommcd
Riza, another
is
reason
kind of nick-name, since
it is
commander
it
to the leader of
was
certain that there
an officer of considerable distinction in the Sultan's service, called tiger of
one dispatch
Shaikh Abd«?/ 3fdlk, Kilaaddr of
a ludicrous one, or
soft, in battle,"
him
directs
respect, however, to the former of these titles, there
the Sultan's musical band.
" the
to authorize
Bubr Jung, or of rank,
who was
(7)
Original
^^ISai-
TIPPOO SULTAN. was
killed at the battle of Sedaseer,
of the Binky Nabob.
title
Jung
is,
on one or two
hommed
Riza
is
It
is
355
was also known, to Europeans at
proper to observe, however,
no where mentioned, in the
official
Bubr
that though
by the Sultan under that
occasions, spoken of
by the
least,
Ma-
title,
documents, by the appellation
of the Binky Nabob. It
is
may
possible, that the difTercnt persons here mentioned, including Kiitbiil Miilk,
have been in possession of the
titles
by which they were distinguished,
time of their becoming subjects of the Sultan, or of his father
no other supposition can the matter be had ever bestowed
titles,
principal servants with
natural to conclude, that he
it is
them
:
own
a single individual of his
satisfactorily explained
whereas the fact
is,
and, indeed, ou
:
since, if the
;
at the
Sultan
would have decorated
his
that not one of these, nor even
family, would ever appear to have received any dis-
tinctions of the kind in question.
remains to be considered, what could be the reason of the Sultans abstaining,
It
during a reign of sixteen years, from assuming a privilege, so freely exercised by the Souhah of the tial
Decan and other
appendage of sovereignty.
his right to bestow titles of
upstart rulers, and generally
deemed an
essen-
could not be, that he entertained any doubts of
It
honour
since there are abundant proofs that he
;
was
never under the influence of any scruple respecting the authority of the imperial court,
none of whose nominal
His conduct,
showed
vassals
under examination,
therefore, in the instance
which formed
ferred solely to that jealousy or mistrust,
He
character.
own
making
was, probably, afraid of
think the splendor of a
more
titled retinue,
Titles of
personal importance.
so little deference to
a
is,
it
as
he did.
perhaps, to be re-
prominent feature of
his servants too great;
his
and might
calculated to eclipse, than to exalt his
honour might breed
in those,
on
whom
they
were conferred, ambitious wishes and views, which would not otherwise be excited they would also give the possessors of them too
much consequence with
and thus might prove a source of various
more or
rity.
1 he
prudence of
history of the rise of his this reasoning
of the Sultan was,
may
:
which
easily
evils,
own
in a
father's
less
mind, naturally prone
" his security would be best promoted by the 2
Z
2
the people,
dangerous to his autho-
power would tend
be conceived to have led
:
to confirm the
to suspicion, as that
to the conclusion, that
political insignificance
of his agents."
356
SELECT LETTERS OF
LETTER CCCXXVI Mahmood Ali Khan
To
dated 20th Dar.iey.
;
(23d Jubj.^
(Extract.)
We wrote some time since, now
[you are
sliip
fitting
and we now write again,
out]
may be
coppei'ed,
as coppering
You must
bottom of] vessels renders them strong and durable. tain
from the shipwrights whether coppering the
the strength [of the ship]
but
and
;
if
to desire that the
(')
that should be the case, let
then [that part] must not be coppered.
In
fine,
ascer-
conduces to it
[the ship] should be stronger by not having the
if
[the
be done
:
coppered,
that method, of the
two, must be adopted, by which the ship will be rendered strongest, and
made
to last a thousand or
two thousand years.
OBSERVATIONS. I believe the ship, here
mentioned, was one
fitting
out at Calicut for a voyage
Pegu.
to
am
I
not clear that
extract, the sense of
I
which
have rightly understood every word of the foregoing rendered the more obscure by the blank which I
is
The
have been obliged to leave.
general import of
it is,
however, sufficiently
manifest.
Though
there are
some remarkable instances upon record of the great
durability
of teek-buili ships, of which kind those constructed in Tippoo's dock yards, no
doubt, were
;
yet the Sultan
is
not to be understood as literally meaning, in this
place, that he expected the ship in question to last is
a figurative
mode
one or two thousand years.
It
of expression, denoting that the vessel was to be constructed in
the strongest manner possible, and resembles the metaphor employed in Letter
XCVIII, (
I
)
The
to
Rajah Kara Chundur.
original
Putxodr, a rudder.
is
.^ which
I
do not understand.
It
comes nearest
"
to the Hiiidivy
word
TIPPOO SULTAN.
35/"
LETTER CCCXXVII. 7o Bi rhanuddeen; dated 23d DArAey.
You
July.')
must, after some days, when the road shall have become safe [or
the communication
which
(2Qth
is
opened], dispatch the Risdla of Shaikh Boodhun,
one that may be depended
is
Dhdrivdr, and send for the
on,^') to
Risdla of Shaikh
Humeed
Dhdrwdr
same time, to be directed to dispatch
is,
at the
[to
supply
charge of the said Risdla, Yenkut Rungia,(^> of
You must
good
care.
good
situation,
where
also be mindful to
little
whom
to you,
under
you must take
"encamp with your army
The
rain falls [or lays].
speedily arrive in that quarter
The Kilaaddr of
place].
its
in
a
special retinue will
from Kurk-ndth.
LETTER CCCXXVIII. To KutbOl Mui.k Kutbuddeen Ali BArJeyS'*^
There
is
a
Khan Behadur
dated 25th
;
(28th July.)
business [going on] in our high SircarS^*^
little
Dispatch
to the Presence, for a short time,<^) a seal-engraver.
OBSERVATIONS. Although there
is
an
air of
mystery
in this short note,
mean, that the Sultan had occasion
to
employ a
it
might possibly only
seal-engraver,
and therefore desired
in
(1)
Original t::,^jUicl
(2)
Besides
cnstody
;
Yenkut Rungia, twelve otlicr persons appear to have been ordered to be but tlicrc is some obscurity in the original, which I am unable to dispel.
sent
(1*) A letter of the 24th Ddrdey (not inserted) is dated from Diirrojcc, which I take to be he Daroje of Colonel Wilks's map, placed about twelve miles west of Kurgoade, or Kurgoor. (2*) Original (3)
ui^lj\^ ^Xi\ tJ^J^j->j^
Original Jjwllj
"
for the present," or
«'
at
sense, however, seems to rctiuirc the construction
present;" also "actually, in fact."
which
I
have given.
Tiie
SELECT LETTERS OP
358
him from Adoni, where,
desired one to be sent
might be better understood than
Thus, about thirty years ago,
Seringapatam.
at
every one on the northern side of India, titles
perhaps, this branch of business
who was
desirous of having his
name or
engraved in a superior manner, employed, for this purpose, an eminent
engraver of Fyzabad, in the province of Oude,
named Mahommed
exquisite execution of the most beautiful Nustalihli
character
Saleh,
seal-
whose
on the hardest
was certainly unrivalled, excepting by his own son, who succeeded Jiim in
stones,
his occupation.
The
charge for engraving depended on the stone employed.
that was a cornelian, the price was a rupee a letter; but
stone equally hard,
it
amounted,
I think, to six
if
If
an emerald, or other
rupees a letter.
LETTER CCCXXIX. To
Meer Moaayenuddeen
To-morrow you
will
at
and
after to-morron'
(29th July,^
distribute
you
will
the pay
march, and
some place affording [plenty of] water and grass; and, on
the following day, you
mand, to
DJraey.
halt at this place,^')
The day
[of your people], &c.
encamp
dated 26th
;
must proceed, with the
forces
under your com-
Hms PaithS^)
LETTER CCCXXX. To RuNMUST Khan;('*) dated I6th Rumuzan, A. (13//i
We
11. 1200.
July 1786.)
have, at this time, assigned the Foujddri/^^*'> of yldoni to the
The
charge of Kutbuddeen Khan.
aforesaid
Khan,
in conformity with
the (1)
That
(2)
Name
(1*)
The
is
Daroje, where the Sultan
still
was on
tlie
29th Ddrdey.
uncertain.
Palati ch'ici oi Kuriicol.
{2*) KCitbCiddeen's
new government
is
elsewhere called a Jdgeer.
"
TIPPOO SULTAN.
359
the orders of the Presence, will keep one or two respectable persons established at Kumr-nugr,'^^^ for the purpose of collecting together [or
recruiting] horsemen, &c.
principal
to be assisting to the persons deputed
officers^*)
said
Khun,
more
?
Let that kind friend [therefore] enjoin
may
order that no one
in
his
by the afore-
obstruct this business.
What
LETTER CCCXXXI. To KuTBUDDEEN
What
Khutbah
whom
(on
follow] the
the praise of
is
name of such
offer
God
(\st August?)
;
for
honour and
them
is this.^^^
in the
The
first
thing
the next, the praise of the Prophet
God)
;
and
religion, keeps in view,
increase and diffusion.(^>
up prayers
case
after this [should
of the faith, as, being a [true] pro-
prince^''*^
Mahommedan
in every respect], the its
The
understood.
is
be the blessing and peace of
tector of the
for
Daraey.
dated 29th
you have written, on the subject of the Klmtbah'^^^ being read
in our special name,^^^ in the
Khanj
interest^*)
To
on
all
occasions
[i.
e.
of Isldm, and exerts himself
introduce the names of such, and to
Khdtbak,
is
among
the [most] indispensable
(3)
Kurnool
(4)
Original
(1)
The Khulbah
sovereign (2)
is
is
so called
by the Musulmans of the Decan.
^oljWj^ "
prayed
is
(3*) Original
a,\)
UL->i^
j j ^^ILL
*li
by applying the word Sultan to himself.
(6)
literally,
"
the
name
for prince or sovereign,
Tipjioo was fond of this sort of conceit.
(5) Original
Original
of affairs."
a form of prayer used io Mahommedan mosques, wherein the reigning
ili^^jjI
(4*) Original
" managers
for.
^^
Original
transactors of business,"
>»L)1
^^
yi^^U;
of the
<$"« //an
of the faith," &c.; where,
he doubtlessly meant to point indirectly
SELECT LETTERS OP
360
As
sable duties.<'>
Shah
AUum
i\\&
and a mere cypher
;
fifteen
thousand
of a dependent of
reasons
it
above-mentioned ^^^
this
is
:
he
since the
;
actually enslaved,
is
being the servant of Saindeah, at the monthly wages
Such being the
rtipees.
in reciting the
infidels,
to the laws [usages] of the
and repugnant
name of
at this time introduce the
they act through ignorance
into the Khiithah,
real condition of
of
who
to those ideots,
case, to
pronounce the name
KMfbah,
is
Muselmany
a manifest
faith.
For these must be
written, that the Khuteeh^^^ of that place [^Adoni]
is
directed to introduce our
name
sin,
constantly in the Khiithah.
OBSERVATIONS. Whether
name
or not the Sultan had, prior to the date of this letter, caused his
to be substituted in the Khiitbah for that of
clearly ascertaining
but
:
it
may,
the present document,
tliat this
to adopt that practice
since, if it
hardly have deemed
;
it
now
I
Shah AUum,
think, be inferred,
was the
first
I
own
have no means of
from the general tenor of
occasion on which he thought proper
had been already established by him, he would
necessary to justify and explain
as
it,
he has here
formally endeavoured to do.
This
letter,
if
contrasted with Letter
CCCXXXIV,
written nearly at the same
time, will exhibit, not only the duplicity, but the inconsistency of the Sultan,
He
striking colors.
of the reigning asserts his
here, throwing off
Emperor
of
all
contempt
disguise, openly declares bis
Hindostan, and,
the most unequivocal
in
independence of the imperial authority.
Yet he
will
manner,
be presently seen
professing an earnest solicitude for the re-establishment of that very authority,
an ardent desire to contribute his utmost that end.
There
no
is
difficulty in
efforts
in
and
towards the accomplishment of
comprehending,
why
the Sultan should, at this
(7)
Original (.:-^^jj,y CjUs-lj
(8)
Original
il\^ys
This
is
consideration are reterred to, and (0)
The
person
who
a term by which none but persons of
was probably never before applied
reads or pronounces the Khiitbak
is
to a
mean
or ordinary
crowned head.
called a Khutecb.
TIPl'OO SULTAN. this conjuncture,
have wished to cultivate a good understanding with the
hommedan powers
of the north of India
pursued that object,
should, in one and the same
and utterly
and had he,
:
he might have found
most extraordinary and unaccountable
powers,
361
Iiis
in his
What
account in such a policy.
to
make common
nought the sovereign
set at
and judiciously
steadily
conduct, on this occasion,
moment, labour
whom
Ma-
is
that he
is,
cause with those
they recognized, and the
authority which they at least affected to respect and uphold.
Is
it
possible, that
he
should have presumed upon their probable ignorance of the transactions of TI/yAor*'?
This
is
difficult to
suppose
;
since the tenor of the public prayers delivered in the
Mosques must necessarily be a matter of
On
susceptible of concealment.
the other hand,
known
at the court of Dehli,
would be given there to
his professions of zeal
be
cases, should
neither requiring nor being
notoriet)*,
how
and similar
his conduct, in this
if
could he expect that any credit
and attachment
Hence we may
?
venture to conclude, either that he actually did proceed under the notion that that court was not likely to be apprized of the arrogance of his pretensions that,
bestowing no thought on this point,
chieftains in question, rather
by the desire of displaying
deliberate view to a political connexion
or
he was prompted to address the
and of impressing those persons with a high idea of
by any
;
his
his religious enthusiasm,
power and
with them,
resources, than
or with
any
serious
expectation of inducing them to co-operate with him, either in the war which he
was
at this
time waging against the Mahrattahs,
abundant reason
to believe,
or in that wiiicli,
there
is
he already meditated against the British nation.
LETTER CCCXXXII. To BuDRUZ
Our
ZuMAN Khan
Same Date.
;
(1st August.^)
special retinue will soon cross the river at Gunii-
now
arrive in that quarter.
It is
army with you,
yourself to the chastisement of
Soopeh, &c.
Soandeh
a])i)ly
the rainy season.
The superintendant of
will be shortly
Kurkndih, and
Taking-
ail
the rebels
of
the post at Suddnsheoo-ghurr and
removed, and another be sent in his place.
3
your
A
'
362
SELECT LETTERS OP
OBSERVATIONS. Although
Khan was
it
by
appears,
directed to join
it is
since,
;
Zuman
and CCCVIII, that Budruz
Biuhanuddeen, there
order was subsequently revoked assigned him,
CCCVII
Letters
besides
is
reason to think,
that this
the diflerent destination here
that he was not present at the general action
pretty certain,
which took place between the Malirattahs and Tippoo near Shdnooi; the beginning of the following December.
LETTER CCCXXXIII. To
MoAL Chund
and Soojan Rae, (Agents
1st
Two letters,
Hashimy.
at
DehliJ ;
dated
(2d August.^
accompanied by your accounts, and dispatched
of Hoomajee, Tolaram, and other Hurkdrehs,
in
charge
have passed under our
view, and the particulars therein set forth are comprehended.
The
special ShiikkehJ^^^
answer
which you obtained and dispatched to
Urzddsht and Nuzr,^^^ presented,
to the
most sacred Presence by Shah Nizamuddeen
us, in
on our part, to the
Saheh,'^^^
has been received, together
(1) Original
it
may be
^j^ijJi,
From
a superior.
JVtiJXAf/t is
properly applied only to the letter of a person of rank and
the letter here alluded to being called a Shukkch-khdss (a special Shukkeh)
inferred, that if not written in the Emperor's
by him, and bore
A
his private seal.
own
hand,
it
was, at least, signed
more public one would, probably, have been
styled
a
Firmaiin. (2)
The
collection, (3)
Utzdusht, or " humble address,"
This person affected
implied by the
title
of
that forming Letter
LXXI
to
Mahrattabs
could desire.
of
the present
in the text.
be of the order of religious or devotees, called Fakeers, as is to his name. This holy character, however, did not
Shah prefixed
management of the court of Dehli, under the direcwho found him as subservient to their views in that quarter as tliey
prevent his taking an active part tion of the
is
which was accompanied by the exceptionable Nuzr mentioned
;
in
the
T together with
the
whom you must
addressed
letters
to
363 by
lis
merely for the purpose of
us,
them
taining the pleasure of his Majesty concerning
" now known " mands,
we
to us,
" question]."
must,
It
have,
in
name
is
too well
"
again,
"
nobles/^'
we
known
to require to be
coin
e.
[/.
recapitulated
the
measures of
in
evil
must get communicated
through the medium of the Shilh Saheb
and
tendency, and been
of] Isldm."
All
to the sublime Presence,
by whose means you
;
in
and that now,
;
acts utterly repugnant to [the prosperity
these particulars you
[in
English]
are earnestly occupied in punishing certain rulers
who have engaged
" guilty of
new
" that the manner
" which we heretofore chastised the Nazarenes *'
which being
;
in the
be stated,
moreover,
ascer-
the royal com-
conformity with
his Majesty's blessed
inserted
through
latter;
tlie
" that the newly struck
represent to the Presence,
" gold Mohrs were sent by *'
SULTAN'.
r P O O
I
also
will
[endeavour to] procure imperial mandates to be written and dispatched to the
Nahoh, Xizam ud Dowlah Behadiir,
rulers [in this quarter] directing
^hmcdy Here
them
and the other Musulman
to unite together in support of the *
faith.
follow
some uninteresting
details, respecting
the pay of the two agents
addressed, and of the 'messengers employed in conveying the dispatches between
Seringopatam and in Letter
LXXIII.
Deltli, of
To
which a
sufficient
specimen has already been given
defray these, and other charges,
nine hundred rupees was transmitted with the present
hundred rupees were directed
to
dress being
Baig
accompanied by a
Khan Humdany,
for
letter,
which
plural
Original c-'t^ which is
^Jt
(urkuii).
Of
this
five
sum, nine
Khilaats (or
to be distributed as follows
in the terms of that addressed to
(each
Mahommed
see next letter)
3
^4)
letter.
be applied to the purchase of
complimentary dresses) which were ordered
one thousand
a bill for
may be meant
A
for the plural of noble
Possibly, however,
To
2
^
though the regular
some other word may have been
iiitcndeci.
SELECT LETTERS OF
otii
To Mahomnicil
KhanHumdany, Budl Baig Khan, and Shah Nizamuddeen,
Baig
each a Khilaat of the value
details, the dispatch
proceed thus
:
above-mentioned, must be deUvered secretly, and
five Khi/aaft.,
with this message,
at night, together ''
7'itpees,
lifty j-//pecs.
After these
The
two hundred
Siddeck Baig Khan, each a Khilaat of the vahie of one
To Kasim Khan and hundred and
ol"
viz.
'*
that
Nizam
lid
Dovvlah,
having united with the Mahrattahs, and engaged in war against us,
" and
this
proceedimg being manifestly contrary to [the
interests of]
" Isldm, it is due to the support of [our] religion, that you, who are " near the person of his Majesty, the Divine Shadow, (^> and are more" over Musuhnan
"
leaders, should pursue such eflectual measures as
[at once] bring the
" additional strength
The
letter
letters,
note, or
used in the sort of
stating, that the present
and with
;
namely, the
five
memorandum,
five letters to
Kdsids''^^'
dispatch consists altogether of
already specified, an Ui^zddsht'^'^ [to the address of
Munsoor
Ali Khan'"
follows next, of the different Ulkdbs, or addresses,
the persons enumerated above
as also of the particular
;
paper on which each was to be written, and the kind of bag in which they were
On
severally to be enclosed.
to
and disgrace, and impart
to the true yihmedi/ faith."
the Emperor], and a letter to
A
to ruin
concludes with directing the agents to send off a pair of
once a month seven
^^^
may
Mahommed
equality.
The
this occasion, the precedence appears to be assigned
Humdany,
Baig
to
whom
the Sullan writes in terms of entire
though honorably addressed, arc not equally distinguished.
others,
For (5) Original
(6)
Two
^'tsEr-* Jlj
title
(moobiddn) or
Kdsids are couriers.
(8)
Which does Letter
can make no sense.
Whatever they are, they of them may be read
One
giiebres.
(7)
whom
I
Mahrattahs, or the enemies of Islam.
tiic
not appear.
(9) I suspect that this should te
appropriate to crowned heads.
words here occur, of which
of course refer to ^J^AiyQ
a
LXXII
is
be Munzoor Ali Khan, the chief of the eunuchs, the same
addressed.
SULTAN,
T1PPOO For the
3()
,>
gratification of those curious in such matters^ I subjoin the directions
relative to the
paper and bags.
To Mahommed
Baig Humdany, the paper used was of the kind called Zur-
afshdny, or " sprinkled with gold
the Khureetah, or bag, was of Mefifdhi/, a
:"
sort of silver tissue.
To Budl To
the
Khan and Kasim Khan,
Baig
Kwnkhdh
rest,
bags
;
silvered paper
and Kinnhhdb bag.
but paper not specified.
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
evident,
from the foregeing
Allum
Sultan to Shah inscription
on the
name, which,
it
letter,
LXXI) had
(see Letter
coin, of
which
that the
Nuzr
formerly sent by the
been objected
because the
to,
was composed, did not contain the Emperor's
it
seems, was inserted in the gold
?}iohrs,
now
words, in which the Sultan's apology for the disrespect alluded to
imply that the
second
consisted of the
new
this
Nuzr
(or that
forwarded with
case, there
is
is
conveyed, dispatch)
the present
coinage, with the addition of the Emperor's
was actually the
name
but
:
if
reason to believe that the die was formed
expressly for this occasion, and that no more gold mohrs were struck from
were required
The
transmilited.
than
it,
for presentation to his Imperial Majesty.
Tlic apology here tendered by the Sultan, for the affiont which he had offered
Emperor,
to the
though too flimsy sufficient
the instance of
in
to
atonement
representative of the royal house of
I
am
Nuzr
formerly sent
its
;
since
Timur
it
to
was now no time
assume a
chiefs of the
lofty or inflexible tone in
Nizam
Decan, enjoining them
Sultan against the Mahrattahs, was actually submitted sidering the situation of
by Tippoo Sultan
as a
for the reduced
unable to say, whether or not the application, here directed to be
Musulman
before,
his Majesty,
rights.
the Emperor, for mandatory letters to the Nabob, other
to
impose on the Imperial Court, was probably accepted
for the offence
the assertion of any of
the
Shah Allum
at this
lid
made
to
Dowlah, and the
to
co-operate
to his
Majesty
;
with
the
but, con-
time (as described, only the day
himself, in his letter to
Kutbuddeen Khan),
it
is
not
likely
SELECT LETTERS OF
366
any attention was paid
likely that
to a prince, so completely in the
who was
placed so
much out
to
Indeed, the absurdity of such a proposal
it.
power of Saindeah
as the
Emperor now was, and
of the reach of any assistance from the proposer, could
only be equalled, by the infatuation of employing two Hindoo agents in a ncgo-
which was
ciation, the object of
Brahmenical
It
religion.
to exalt the
was as
Mahommedan
at the
expence of the
a Catholic state or sovereign were to depute a
if
Protestant ambassador to the Pope, for the purpose of engaging his Holiness to
exhort
all
the princes of the
Romish persuasion
to unite together, for the purpose
of making a crusade against some neighbouring power of the reformed religion.
So egregious as
a blunder could be committed only
by such an eccentric character
Tippoo Sultan.
The
great distance, joined to the difficulties of
communication
and other causes) between Seringapatam and Dehli, for the circumstance
proper to polis,
make
(arising
from that
sufficiently accounts, perhaps,
of the Sidtaiis directing the presents, which
lie
thought
to the nobles of the Imperial Court, to be purchased at the metro-
instead of sending
them immediately from himself; which would, no doubt,
From
have been the greater compliment. the Sultan mentions the
Emperor
that he intended such parts of
it
the more than usual respect with which
in this dispatch to his agents,
it
as related to his Majesty, to be
appears probable,
communicated,
if
not directly to himself, at least to his ministers.
Mahommed
Baig
Humdany had
under the celebrated Nujuf Khan distractions
;
been after
which followed that event,
He opposed,
for
some time, a firm
the Dehli quarter
;
but
at length
one
of
the
principal
commanders
whose death he obtained, amidst the
still
greater consideration
and authority.
resistance to the encroachments of Saindeah in fell,
in
one of the
between the Moghul and Mahrattah powers.
battles
which took place
Budl Baig Khiin, Kasim Khan,
and Siddeek Baig Khan, were likewise leaders who had risen to distinction, while
Nujuf Khan exercised the chief military authority under the court of Dehli.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
36^
LETTER CCCXXXIV. To
Mahommed Baig Khan Humdany
Notwithstanding pened, that
owing
that,
(2d Augmt.^
same Dale.
to various causes,
has so hap-
it
no epistolary correspondence has hitherto taken place he-
tween us, yet having, Doss, of your
at
highness's*^^)
heard from the
this time,
and
of Bal
lips^)
Muku
and [particularly] of your
laudable qualities,
courteousness, eminent courage, inind^-^^
;
knowledge
political
;
my
friendly
has derived therefrom the highest satisfaction and most abundant
delight.
Hence, agreeably
" brethren," the
to [the saying],
" that
fervor of religious affection^ has
all
true believers are
moved me
present attempt] to form an intimate and amicable
[to the
connexion [with
you].
The manner known
well
your friend [or I] punished the Nazarenes
in Avhich
as not to require
must have learned
now employed
all
any [further] statement.
common
the details [thereof] from
in chastising certain
Musulman
rulers
measures contrary to the rules of Isldin [or the are become the
allies
and supporters of the
consequence hereof, I have
lately
;
No
so
is
doubt you
report.^'^)
I
am
who, engaging
institutes
in
of the faith],
reprobate^*) infidels.
In
caused to be drawn up and dispatched
an abstract of God's ordinances, and of the commands
to all quarters,
of (1)
Original ^\ij
(2) Original
J^
(saviij)
))roper to observe, that the
of •'
'«
" by the tongue."
literally,
your highness."
It
:
term
but is
tlioiigli this
word
signifies
^
to the expressions,
^_^jJ?U.
(4) Original
^jjj Ax'\ JJLy^.
(5) Original
--jUjl
(6) Original
/•U^l Jo
literally,
liigh,
exalted, sublime,"
it
is
applied too generally to correspond strictly with our plirase
comes nearer, perhaps,
iionour." (3) Original
"
" from
" whose end
is
without or abroad."
bad or calamitous."
" your worship, your
SELECT LETTERS OP
368
of his Prophet [on this article] perusal.
It
for
requisite,
is
of which a copy
;
the support of [our]
Musulnians should unite together infidels as
that
all
and, considering the annihilation of
be changed for the wicked
may
end that the
to the
:
acquire fresh lustre
dominion and power
efficient
not be put to the
Shadow of
blush"^^^
and blessing of God In token of
nor
find neither habitation
JMahommed
vicegerents of
my
Ahmedy
faith
may, day by day,
that the weakness of the empire of Hindosfan
;
of his ]\Iajesty (the
;
that the abominations of
;
[finally]
within the kingdoms
retreat"^')
who
the Divinity),
and
may
is
the chief of the
that the rulers of Isldm
whom
before the holy Prophet, on
may
be the peace
!
I
have written to Moal
to deliver
you a [complimentary]
cordial regard [for
Chund and Soojan Rae,
desiring
which you must do
constantly
;
rclig-ion,
a sacred duty, labour, to the utmost of their power, to accom-
plish that object
dress,
enclosed for your
is
me
them
you],
You must,
the pleasure to accept.
make me happy, by
likewise,
the receipt of your deUghtful epistles.
LETTER CCCXXXV. To Zynul Aabideen, Bukhsiiy of fCiiiTTLEDOORG)
We
;
have received your
EhshJm at Furjivkh-yab Hisar
dated 4th letter,
Hashimy.
(5th August.^
"
representing,
that if of the two
Duftws,^^') attached to the Ehshdni Ktichuny, one be transferred to
*'
" the Dewdn Kuchurry, the consequence must " counts of the
be, that while the ac-
department cannot be completely and properly
latter
" kept (7)
Original jcjLi
(8) Original
the
ness
word it is
it
^j^ 3 *J^
oJyLJjL^*^
(1) Duftiir here
however,
\^,J^
means a
signifies the office
aJU. (khdnehj
is
register,
or book-keeper.
In
its
more general acceptation,
where accounts, &c. are prepared or registered.
usually added to
it.
A
Diijiury
is aij
to take care of the books, stationary, 5cc. belonging to
In this case
office-keeper, whose busiit.
TIPPOO SULTAN. " kept [with such incompetent
" the former be Whatever
neither can the business of
assistance],
managed [by
rightly
tlic
3fi9
remaining one]."
It is
known.
written in your Hilkni'iidmeh [or instructions], do you act
is
conformably thereto.
Too much
self-conceit is needless.<->
LETTER CCCXXXVI. To
Rajah of
the
the
French ;
dated 5th
Hashimy.
elevated in rank/'> of powerful and exalted de-
Noble-minded and
gree/^) chief (^) of the sovereigns of the realms of
among
peace of Almighty
rulers, the
(6th August.)
God
Europe, and eminent
be with you
!
After presenting the customary compliments of regard and affection,
and
[after tendering] the
made known
Some time
due observances of friendship and union,
to your odorifei'ous [or noble]
since
[to you], by [the
been received.
two
mind.W
with Khilaats [or dresses], were forwarded
letters,
hands of] Monsieur
After that,
it is
Ghulam
Souriac,^^)
Ali
which, no doubt, have
Khan,
Liitf Ali
Khan, and
other Sirdars [or commanders] of the Sircar,^^^ were dispatched in the ship
,(^)
with
letters
and
3 (2) Original
t^ ^. J ^yg s^li*^
Original
c:-~:y*
J'yij
iLi^l^.^
{2*)
Original
(jjji^
^^^jLvc j
u:JLj
(3) Original
j^Lj "
Original
(5) In
by the way of JBussorah, to
B
that
'"-'Vj
(I)
(4)
rarities,
leader, foremost, uppermost, pre-eminent."
luttJsU-
some places written Souliac:
l)iit
wlicthcr cither
intended (who had been Governor of PoiKlichcnj/J
I
is
taining. (o) (7)
I.
c.
my
subjcets.
The name
of the
sliip is
the proper
name
of the person
have not, at present, the means of ascer-
omitted in the manuscript.
SELECT LETTERS OF
370
that [personage] of noble rank,
[at
whose court] they
will [in clue time]
safely arrive.
At
this
time I have learned, from the communication of Monsieur
Cossigny,(^> the
Governor of PoncUcherry, that that kind friend has writ-
ten to him, directing
him
made by
[i. e.
the Sircar
me], for defraying the expences of the troops
command of Messieurs Du Chemin
belonging to you, which were under the
and
SoufTrein,
the
amount
me
money
to settle the accounts of the advances of
and of Monsieur Bussy
to the Sircar [or to me].
the utmost surpriseS^^
It
and [having done so] to repay
;
This circumstance has occasioned
was purely from motives of regard, and a
desire to improve the fiiendship subsisting of old between us, that I sent
and expended crores [of
to the Mauritius for the troops of that friend,
money], and
my
lacks of
sacrificed
people,
the course of five years
in
that I was engaged in chastising the English
;
whom,
During
the point of expelling from this country [or India~\. the English repeatedly ever, I
overtures of peace to
me
to which,
;
I
howwould
peace, excepting in concert with the French, and never sepa-
Notwithstanding
this,^'**)
Monsieur Bussy, the commander of the
my
forces of that [personage of] noble rank, did, without
conclude a peace [with the enemy].
man
was on
this period,
would not agree, returning [always] for answer, that
make no rately.
made
at last, I
in this country
[i.
e.
The
fact
Thus
India^.
is
known
knowledge,
to every French-
I incurred all these expences,
these exertions, for the purpose of increasing our mutual
and made
all
friendship
and renown
;<"^
and
if
such be
still
the desire of that friend, his
(8) I think, but
(9) Original
(10) Original
cannot be certain, that
jb jj
W
Original
i^jj^
name intended by
the original.
»—^^"^ ,^5^ ^J-J^ ^^}j^ jIj"^
properly,
"in
text appears to require the construction
(U)
this is the
(>\j
the
which
"name-bringing."
mean I
while," or
have adopted.
*'
during
this j"
but
tlie
con-
TIPPOO SULTAN. enemy
his
shall [again],
God
please
if it
3/"!
the most high,
chastised.
A double-barrelled gun,
made
with an embroidered dress,
and
in the arsenaK'^^ of the Sircar, together
sent for that [personage of] noble rank,
is
due season].
will arrive^'^^ [in
I^^*'>
be signally **
frequently indulge an inclination for the
me]
collecting artists together [or about
:
arts,(''')
and
am
[therefore] that friend, out
if
of his ancient regard, would dispatch [to me] some persons every art, I should esteem
Ghulam
Ali
due season
in
and
it is
in
Sirdars, will arrive [at your court]
my mind
son, on one of that friend's ships.
on
skilled in
as [a proof of] the most perfect friendship.
it
Khan, and the other
;('^)
fond of
this subject [or to this effect], to
confidential person shall be deputed
to dispatch another confidential per-
If,
you
therefore,
>vill
write orders
your [different] governors,^^^) another
on one of that
friend's ships.
OBSERVATIONS. King
Exclusively of the gross impropriety of designating the title
of
Rdjah (on which
I
have already had occasion to animadvert)
3 (12) Original tl,'WU-.l^
" workshops
frequently occurs in these
B
letters.
It
it
2
may be observed
or manufactories."
This form of expression
(13) Original ju-j; j^lji.
of France by the
is
not
uncommon
in
the Persian, and
implies, that the thing or person sent will arrive in due
course or time. (14) Original
sons of rank,
4__^U^.l
literally,
when speaking
in
the
"
this side, part, or quarter."
first
A
phrase used by per-
person, instead of the pronoun personal.
(15) Original u>»>l i~r^\i ulr^ c:-*«i^ l/^^I/J ^^JJ^^ *-r^^'' rlr* '^'''^ *'"'* ™<^*"'^ ^T For the higher, the Sultan are of tiic handicraft kind ; and those skilled in them, artizans.
er more liberal arts, Tippoo probably had
if
(16) Original
jww " by
(17) Original
^Jj\jAk>
little taste.
degrees, progressively."
/'/aaW/r^uVi^; a word which
is
obviously unsuitable to the occasion
meant to apply to M. Cossigny, with whose station it by no means corresponded. Pos« however, the persons designed might be the governors or intcndants of such places in
sibly,
France as the proposed mission would have to pass through, this
may
be, a
fitter
in
its
way
term than Taalukddr might have been employed.
to Parit,
However
SELECT LETTERS OP
372 observed of the present
extremely deficient in the forms of respect
letter, that it is
and complimentary phraseology, invariably observed
Of
Eastern princes.
by
ficiently satisfied
tion,
which
" friend,"
its
general style and contexture, as preserved in the translaliteral as I
could.
The
expression of J^j^^J
common.
from objection, since the phrases of
Neither
<::~'-^j*
ui-v<\^
is
'"
that
crowned
in particular, extremely exceptionable in an address to a
is,
head, as being too familiar and free
correspondence between
the justice of this remark, the Oriental reader will be suf-
have made as
I
in the
the " Ulhdb" or address,
^y^ i.::JLj
" of noble rank,"
" of powerful degree," &c. are very usually applied, not only to dependent or subordinate chieftains and rulers, but even to distinguished servants of a certain
Thus Tippoo himself occasionally
class.
it
the style of
of powerful degree," &c.
These
•
by
" of pompous or magnificent degree;" another, by that of i^jve t::JL>
u:.--j^ u:^v4»L=^ •'
addresses one of his Sirdars
deficiencies cannot, I think,
would be
difficult to
be reasonably attributed to ignorance
believe, that there
;
since
was not a Munshy, or secretary, or
other literary person, at the court of the Sultan, of sufficient learning to frame a letter,
in a proper style, to a
XVIth.
It
this epistle
;
much more
is
and
aversion towards
degrading
title
struction.
It
actuated, in
is
that, in all
of
monarch of the rank and consideration of Louis
probable, that the Sultan himself dictated, or drafted,
doing
so,
he permitted the same
spirit
the professors of Christianity, which led
Rajah on
of animosity and
him
his royal correspondent, to regulate
also possible, that
some degree, by the
to bestow the
its
general con-
he might, on the present occasion, have been
notion, that his
own importance was
proportion as that of the French monarch was lowered
:
raised, in
a notion which, in fact,
has given rise to the well-known practice at Eastern courts, of taking every opportunity of assuming what
may be
intercourse with each other.
But
called a technical superiority, in their epistolary it is
not in the style of their
letters, alone, that
they exercise this sort of address, and labor to obtain this paltry species of advantage,
though the nice and numerous
distinctions of language,
depending on the
gradations of rank, are more jxirticularly favorable to the attempt.
It
is
pursued,
with equal industry and perseverance, in the presentation of complimentary
and in the performance of
visits
of ceremony.
gifts,
TIPPOO SULTAN. It
may
appear strange, that the Sultan should, for the gratificationof his spleen
by
or his pride, have run the hazard of giving offence,
whom,
with
establish an
was not
if it
intimate
it is
jjolitical
probable, that
this proceeding, to a prince
his real interest, it was, at least, his apparent wish, to
look deeply into any subject
hence
373
it
;
But Tippoo was not accustomed
connection.
he was content to view things superficially
made
to
it,
;
he would not have found
and ic
that,
even
who should be admitted
subjects,
knowledge of the
to a
any
difficult to satisfy his
the meanwhile, his importance would be magnified in the eyes of those,
own
if
In
had been intended.
royal correspondent, that no slight, or disrespect, to him,
his
and
:
never occurred to him, that there was any danger of the
disparaging style of the letter being detected in France
exception had been
to
among
letter in question.
Judging by the context of the fourth paragraph, and especially by the words,
"
this circumstance has occasioned
that the proposal of the
inferred,
me
the utmost surprize,"
French King,
to
it
might almost be
reimburse Tippoo for the
advances which the latter had made, for the use of the French forces, during the
second war in the Carnatic, proved offensive to the Sultan, and that the payment, thus honourably tendered, was actually declined. possess the
patam
means of
(at least to
believe,
ascertaining, for
my
What
the Jact was,
none of the documents found
offer of the
French government
do not
at Seringa-
knowledge) throw any light upon the subject.
however, that the
I
I incline
to liquidate
its
to
debt was
not accepted, and that the Sultan was led to the adoption of this liberal proceeding,
by the hope
that
it
might conduce, with other motives,
monarch consent the more in India
writer
;
is
dispatched to France by the
close of
by
sea,
the French
abundantly shown by the foregoing
Ghulam
Ali
Khan and
way of Constantinople,
the other embassadors,
as well as
by those
subsequently to the date of the present letter
which he intimates
his
having the
latter
;
whom
however willing
it
might have been,
France,
when
he
towards the
deputation in contemplation.
Fortunately, perhaps, for the British interests in India, these invitations to a effort for their destruction arrived in
the
letter,
His wishes on the subject were, no
at heart at this time.
doubt, more fully stated through
sent thither
make
readily to the renewal of hostilities against the English
an object which, as
had very much
to
that nation was
to enter into the
no longer
new able,
Sultans views. It
SELECT LETTERS OF
3jr4 It
must be acknowledged, that the Sultan complains, in
by the French,
desertion
this
of his
letter,
He,
in the year 1783, in terms sufficiently moderate.
however, indulges his natural resentment, on the occasion, more freely in his
Memoirs; where,
he thusexpresses
in his account of the siege of 3Iangalore,
himself on the subject:
" Carrying on a mine by
" the proper moment " the
gate,
a double shaft to the foot of the wall, I only waited
for springing
and on the edge of the
I
it.
had
also erected a battery opposite to
ditch, in so elevated a situation, that not being
"
able to stand the fire of musquetry and cannon,
"
a single Nazarene dared to appear on the walls or bastions of the fort.
*'
circumstanced,
"
demanded a
the Nazarenes
respecting the article of delivering
up
which was kept up from
capitulation,
when
their arms,
it,
not
Thus
and were disputing
me from
reached
letters
" Cuddalore, written by the worthless commander^'" of the French, and by Meer
whom
**
Moaayenuddeen,
*'
the aforesaid worthless commander.
'*
'
"
*
before the fort of Cuddalore, the former, to the
*'
'
had been defeated, with the
"
'
had been compelled
**
'
army
"
'
assistance,
*'
'
[or in the only] action'"'
left
left at
the head of a division of
my army
These dispatches purported,
'
to assist
that in a single
which had taken place between the French and English
loss
to flee,
of
fifty
guns
;
amount of
in
five
thousand men,
consequence of which they
and shut themselves up within the
had not been required
standing^-"'' four
'
day following
"
'
letter of
'
had
fort
:
that the
of the Sircar, though placed at the disposal of the French for their
"
**
I
to join
them upon
this occasion,
or five coss in the rear of the English
this defeat, the
:
but were
that the second
English had sent into the fort of Cuddalore a
peace"" from the French Rdjah: that Bussy, the worthless comman-
der of the French,
who was
very old (being eighty or ninety years of age),
"
and
"no-commander."
(18) Original
,1j_:l)
(19) Original
Jyi jJlj
uXjj- j/J^
(20) Original jjjjj^ jjL«j1jjjJj\
"
*
^1^
j
<^ where t£;l^
is
a Hindivy word
signifying
the rear." (21) Original
treaty of peace
J-^ki
Probably orders for the cessation of
between the two nations ia Europe.
hostilities,
and a copy of the
TIPPOO SULTAN. "
'
and being in his dotage, had
*'
'
immediately
"
*
and
*'
'
concluded an accommodation.'
that,
" These *'
mander
at sight of his
accursed ones had discontinued
advices were accompanied
who
to Cossigny,'*"
two-thirds of them),'"'
least,
Rajafis letter of peace complied with
the two
finally,
lost his wits (at
375
"
me, and repair to [^Cuddahre],
notice, at the instigation
" commander,
set out with the rest.
Nay, they were ripe
" would have been but
"
death act
"
by
inasmuch
but,
;
them'"'' in that
Two
little
days after
as
[or hint]
his party
time, several Nazarenes,
I
[or treachery].'"*^
difficulty in putting
they had eaten [my]
remonstrated on
long in the employ of the
faithless set so
for sedition
me
of the accursed and worthless
was to no purpose that
It
" the occasion with Cossigny, and the
*'
At the same
him and
served during twenty years with the Usud-Ilhye army, quitting
" without any
" Sircar.
and
hostilities,
was, at this time, at the head of three hundred
Fringics, serving immediately with myself, directing
" who had
:
by an order from the worthless French com-
" French to leave
contents
its
No
doubt, there
Cossigny and his companions to salt,
I
did not think proper to
manner.
this,
the aforesaid Nazarenes, procuring passports from the
" English, and supplying themselves with some few
set out
necessaries,
from
" Kdridl [^Mangalore] for Make, a sea-port belonging to the French, which they *'
reached in
" hundred
five or
sick,
whom
" conveyed them
The
I
already
left
behind them in their camp about a
furnished with provisions, and embarked on a ship, which
to the place of those accursed ones
Sultan then proceeds to
fidious conduct
They
six days.
state,
the French,
of
owed him, by
(I. e.
3Iahe)"
that disregarding the ungrateful
and per-
he determined to add to the obligations they
consenting, at the instance of their worthless
commander, Bussy^
(22)
The
perplexity of the original,
in tiiis
phcc,
not impossible, to give a close translation of
(23) So
I
read the
(24) Original
name given
jjjj;,
(25) This passage
is
i^ *1^
in the
it.
is
sucli, as to
The
make
it
very
passage runs thus
difficult,
jb,_ili *li
^^
manuscript.
doc--^ iS\j
likewise obscure in the original.
I
if
suspect the text to be corrupted.
V
SELECT LETTERS Of
376 Bussy,
to'
make peace with
the English
:
and
that,
consequence hereof, he
in
discontinued the war in the Carnatic, and rehnquished his design upon Mangalore,
moment that he was
at the
who
Sirdars,
about to reduce the place
strongly urged
him
;
contrary to the advice of his
[to prosecute the siege and] to
put the garrison
to the sword.
circumstance of the Sultan's sending a double-barrelled gun in a present to
The Louis
XVI
is
worthy of notice
because
;
it
strongly marks his desire to impress
the military establishments and
the French monarch with a high opinion of resources of his country.
This
letter,
it
will
be observed,
ostensible mission of Ghvilam Ali
preceding deputation of
Khan
France
destined for the court of
beyond
places,
Othman Khan
it
may
to the
been actually
Sublime Porte was, in
letter,
and
like
was the reason of that
The same Othman Khan made one
sequent embassy announced in the present
the
hence be safely inferred, that the
originally intended to proceed to Paris, whatever
being afterwards relinquished.
doubt, the fact of
to Comtaiitinople having
and
:
all
finally sent to
manner, object's
of the sub-
France, in 1787
LETTER CCCXXXVII. To Monsieur CossiGNY, Gop-ehnor of Poa'dicherry ; dated 14M HashimyS'^ (151/1 August:)
We that
have received the
letter
you sent us by Pierre Monneron, requesting
we would cause an account
the advances
made by
us,
to be
drawn up, and
delivered to him, of
whether of money or general
Monsieur du Cheniin, Monsieur
Suffrein,
supplies,^^) to
and Monsieur Bussy,
that you might, in pursuance of your RdjaJis
in order
commands, discharge the
amount.
We (1) If this letter is
may
be,
I
not misdated,
have thought
it
right that
King of France, on account of (2) Original
^.i^
their
it it
is
here inserted out of
its
place: but, however
tliis
should immediately follow the one addressed to the
mutual connection.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
We have long^^^
entertained the most cordial regard for the
we have ahvays considered
the French, whose honor
during a period of
cordingly,
and lost /of^5 (^^ of men nothing
Ac-
as our own.
we expended
crores of
ritpees,^'^^
proposing, by these sacrifices and this labor,
;
God
we
hereafter [or
will,
make
still],
the most strenuous efforts
same purposes.
for the
The
five years,
Rdjah of
but the increase of our mutual friendship and renown.
else
pleasing,
377
five
are arrived
hundred musquets. which you sent us by the way of N'uzr/^ and, in consideration of our friendship for the RdJah of the
;
French, and of your good
Some time
since
we
will
Ghidam
dispatched
and others of our principal an elephant with a
towards us, they are accepted.
('>
silver
Ali
Khan, Lutf All Khan,
(charged with several
officers,
canopy) to the French Jtdjah.
rarities,
They
will pro-
by the route of Juddah,^^^ to Constantinople, and from the
ceed,
and
of certain persons of rank,
charged with presents.
also
embassadors
will,
whence
our request that you
is
latter
AVe are about to send another deputation, consisting &
place to France.
it
and
These
proceed to Pondicherry, from
in the first instance,
send them by sea to France,
will
accompanied by PieiTC Monneron.
C
3 " from
okl times," or
(3)
Original
A>)\
(4)
A
crorc
a liundrcd lacks, or ten millioiip.
(5)
A
/<7cA- is
(G) If
is
*.;jjjl
to the dignity of
be "•aincd
it, :
liis
station
but
:
it is
of yore."
conij)laMied of,
(7) Original
L-^ly-r^
"
it
?i«2r to
his present,
he forgot what
very possible that the French governor
though the Sultan has done if
''
a hundred thousand.
Monsieur Cossigiiy applied the term
so called
Agreeably
so.
If
would not be
^veil-wishing."
ina\'
lie
owejl' u
not have
the expression cscai)cd notice, a point would
difficult to offer
This
some
<..xpression is,
plausible excuse for
it.
however, usually employed
to denote the scutnnciit of goodwill entertained by an inferior towards a superior, and
is
equivalent to attachment, devotion, &c. (8)
This
is,
I
suspect, an error of the manuscript, since the emba.ssy proceeded
and Bussorah, and not by Jiuldah,
by
y]/Mjf<7(
SELECT LETTERS
378
01'
Agreeably to the representation of the above named
Monneron] we have Calicut,
[/. e.
written and enclose an order to the Taaliikddr oi
commanding
that no molestation be given to the villages de-
We
pending on 3Iahc.
have likewise instructed the Taalukddr of
Sel'un to attend strictly to such passports,
written in the French and
jlrwi languages, and having your signature to them, as you besides the
These passports,
must
specify the
be regularly
Monsieur
grant.
names of the merchants receiving them,
number of the
made out
may
bullocks [laden].
in the foregoing
Let your passports
manner.
Certain secret particulars, of a nature conducive to the interests of
have been stated to Pierre Monneron,
the French Rdjah,
communicate them
A dress
to you.
who
will
and a horse ^^^ have been sent to you,
in token of our friendship.
OBSERVATIONS. Of
Pierre
a French
Monneron,
merchant,
I
am
unable to give any other account, than that he was
employed either by the Governor of the
by the Governor of Pondicherry, time,
occasion, to have
He
of France, or
place,
appears,
about this
on the present
had a personal interview with the Sultan.
Notwithstanding the proposed embassy by sea not actually proceed from Pondicherry,
month of July
which took
in the transactions
between Tippoo and the French nation.
Isle
is
thus early announced,
according to Major Stewart,
in the following year (1787)
J
that
is
to say, about eleven
it
till
did the
months
after the date of the present letter.
(9) Before the
word
clio
word
ci-veU-
fi/uk) or one,
the horse and dress.
" dress,"
in tlie
original, a blank occurs,
preceded by the
which shews that the present consisted of something
else besides
TIPPOO SULTAN,
379
LETTER CCCXXXVIIT. Daroghas of Ghueaji Hyder) Qth August.')
To
the
Directing tbem
the
Jixsy (probably Shumsuddeen dated
;
from Hemsagur,^^^
dispatch ten copies of
to
the
6th
Khan and Has himy,
Milfurrihillk4loob.
Five of them containing the work at large/-> and to have silver locks \ov hasps]
hasps]
:
the other
five to
be abridgements/^) without silver locks [or
.<•'>
OBSERVATIONS. The book
here mentioned
according to Major Stewart (Catalogue of Tippoo
is,
Sultan's library) a collection of inferretl,
fables,
in
imitation of
from the Sultans sending for so many copies of
designed as presents. editions of tbe
work
If
I
Pilpai/s.
It
this book, tbat
may
be
they were
understand the original rightly, there must be two
in question
:
one containing the fables
at large,
or complete
;
the other an abridgement.
3
C2
(1)1 have here piven the reading which seems most countenanced by the manuscript, as Our maps of this part of Mysore are nearly Ujc true name of tbia place is railuT doubtful. wliicli, joined to tlie meagre information on tiie subject allunled, wlictiier by tlic a blank ;
correspondence, or
comse of (2)
Original
(3) Original (4)
sense.
tlie
his present
Original
Sultans own Memoirs, makes
march.
,^^.^Lo
Tliis, theri-forr,
"atlcngili, at large,
^U,*"^ "
in abstract,
^jJJ Jii where
J«
1
it
imJDossibIc to trace with accuracy the
have not attempted to do,
in full."
an abridgement."
probably means a
liasp rather
than a lock, in
its
usual
SELECT LETTERS OF
380
LETTER CCCXXXIX. To BuRHANUDDEEN
Our
special retinue
gence(^> of
(Uth August.^
Hashimy.
and we
arrived atO Kurkndth,
is
Send some men
the enemy's army
;
Presence, such accounts as you
shall pre-
procure
intelli-
and communicate, occasionally,
to the
Tunghuddra.
cross the
sently(2)
dated lOth
;
may
to
receive.
LETTER CCCXL. To Shah Abdullah Saheb
Versed be with you
Our
and
in theology
same Date.
;
(\\th August.')
in the sciences, the peace of
Almighty God
!
special retinue happening, at this time, to
we have
of Kurkndth,
dispatched
come
into the vicinity
Abubekr Khan, with a
Doott/,'^^*^ for
[the conveyance of] that [person] conversant in the sciences, afford us the pleasure of
who must
an interview.
OBSERVATIONS. My
information does not enable
Durgdh, or but
it
is
me
to state,
whether or not there
shrine, of particular sanctity, within the neighbourhood of
not im})robable that there
presiding priest of
But whatever
it.
is,
is
any
Kurkndth
:
and that Shah Abdullah Saheb was the
his office
might be,
it
may be
inferred,
from
the circumstance of the Sultans sending a Dooly, instead of a Palanheti, for
him, that he did not hold the (1) Original
i^::^ iJjL
(2) Original
c_->iiU;;»o
(3) Original
^(j
hence, figurativery, (1 *)
A
(looly is
"
««
\,j\
"
ii^
first
rank among the order of the rehgious.
ij^>:SJ
.)
«'
lias
shed splendor on
^J«-/-Hrt//*."
hereafter, following."
(Ki\'ate or secret
information."
Literally,
"the interior,
or inside:"
acconnts of what passes witliin" any place, person, &c.
a conveyance carried in the same
and didcrent construction.
manner
as a palankeen, but of a
meaner
TIP POO SULTAN.
3&1
LETTER CCCXLI. Khan
7b Ehsa NULL AH
J
dated from
(\Wi
Reduce
Kurknath,
\2th
August.')
the monthly wages [or pay] of Shaikh All
bounty(') of a
hundred pagodas [advanced
to [or distributing
it
means] the vacancies
among] in
Hashimy.
who
tliose
to
him]
and giving the same
;
shall raise
take back the
;
men,
up [by
fill
this
your corps.
LETTER CCCXLII. To BuDRuz
You
"
write,
ZuMAN Khan
;
sume Date.
(\3th August.')
Moosa Khan, Risdladdr of
that
" Ruheem, Kilaaddr of Sodndeh, who were dispatched, " of chastising the
" the It is
Ten
known.
hung upon the
who had
as
[thereupon] taken to
flight."
years ago, from ten to fifteen thousand
trees of that district
have been waiting for [or been [therefore]
for the purpose
of Soopah, had seized upon a place in
insingents*^'*^
possession of the latter,
and Abdul
Jyshe,
hang upon
have taken a lead
since
which time the aforesaid
in expectation of]
trees all in
;
men were trees
You must
more men.
such of the inhabitants of that
district,
[or been at the bottom of] these rebellious
proceecUngs.
OBSERVATIONS. The must
dreadful executions, here spoken of with so
refer
to the
much
levity
time of his father, in the year 1776: but
by tbe Sultan,
if
the latter was actually
(I) Original
ments
iO^L^
"assistance, aid."
Sliaikli Ali
had probably
failed
in
his
engage-
to raise recruits.
(1*) Original
" chicvous
^JtjjjL^
person."
I
tnko
tliis
to
be an iircgular plural of
^^
"a
wicked or mis-
SELECT LETTERS OF
382
imputed to him by his son,
actually guilty of the cruelty indirectly
any of
his biographers (at least to
however, be allowed, that
it
my knowledge)
it is
have recorded of him.
would not be easy to assign any
more than It
must,
satisfactory reason for
Tippoo's purposely exaggerating the fact in question.
LETTER To
the
SiiANoon PValeh
(i. e.
CCCXLIII.
Abdul Hukeem Khan)
dated I4th
;
HashIMY. (\Mh August.^ Your
letter,
conveying the account of your welfare, and containing
two other papers ([which accompanied
certain particulars, together with it],
has adorned the lace of arrival, and afforded
Forasmuch
as the requisites^')
[or reciprocal
concord are firmly established between us,
how
me
delight.
duties] is it
of union and
possible that our
mutual regard should give way to estrangement and misunderstanding
That
friend must, in all respects, keep his
that, in
any shape whatsover, the
With the
friendship.
in that quarter,
blessing of
and apply himself
least
mind
at perfect ease
:
?
nor imagine
diminution can take place in our
God, your friend
will presently arrive
to the chastisement of the enemy.^^2
OBSERVATIONS. This
is,
perhaps, the most
by the Sultan firmly resolved
(1)
Original
(2) Original
;
civil
who, however,
upon
of
all
the letters addressed to the Patan chieftain
as there is reason to believe,
was
at this very
time
his destruction.
*jljl
LjLil
«'
miserable or wretched men."
A term commonly
applied to enemies.
SULTAN.
TIrp oo
383
LETTER CCCXLIV. To
the
BuKHSiiY of
the
EushAm at Chittledoorg ; Q4th
Hashimy.
You
must send
dated 13th
August.')
for the families of all the Aum'ds,
who
are natives^
of the Pot/ 671- Ghaut, and, together with the Aumils themselves, keep
them
at Chittledoorg.
LETTER CCCXLV. jTo
Meer Futah
Taalukdar of Chik Cor little) Balapoor; (I8th August.) I'Jth Has hi my.
Ali,
dated
are heavy balances [of revenue] due from the country
There from your
These must be
district].
realised
and, with the produce,
;
you must procure provisions for the Ahmedies from some other
district/'*>
In case you should have no assets [for the purpose], apply to Rajah
Chundur, who
will give
[i. e.
an assignment to the amount he
may judge
Ram
proper.
LETTER CCCXLVI. To
Meer Jaafur Wuffa Khany
;
dated \A.th
Hashimy.
(\5th August.}
The
We
account of Gunaish Bhyroo's arrival in helU'**> has been received.
[only] require the blessing of
God
to attend us, in order to the
[speedy]
•'
by
of
tlie
inhabitants,"
i.
e.
"who
were formerly, ox
Carnatic." This order was probably occasioned
b}'
some
originally, inhabitants
distrust recently conceived
the Sultan of this class of his subjects.
(!•)
There was, probably, a
Balapoor,
Sultan to
This
letter affords
tlic interests
(I**) Original in
"
Original aJL.
(1)
v
scarcity, at this time, of the necessary provisions in ZiV//c
one,
among numerous
proofs, of the constant attention of the
of this favourite corps.
'r-
.••4-
J.L^
<
This
is
a
common mode
of expression with
announcing the death of an enemy, and particularly of an unbeliever.
Mahommedans
SELECT LETTERS OF
884
Many
[speedy] removal of whatever superfluous hairs are remaining/^^
many
[always] coming, and
sucli are
The
going.
favour of
God
con-
our aid and support.
stitutes
OBSERVATIONS. I can give
no account of the Gunaish Bhyroo, whose death
If the official designation of
commander.
rattah
might have thrown some
name
follows the proper
light
on
this point.
of this person,
is,
a particular tribe, or family, of
by which
here so exultingly
have been an insurgent Poh/gar or a
He may either
by the Sultan.
noticed
is
The if I
Meer Jaafur had been addition of fVuffa
am
Moghul
Mah-
given,
it
Khdny, which
not mistaken, an appellation,
descent, was distinguished*
LETTER CCCXLVII. 2o BtJiiHANUDDEEN; dated \Qth HJsHiMY.
You must
not be in a hurry to give battle
advance upon your army,
you must
special retinue will shortly cross
place
[i.
I
nal in i.;>-:\
am tliis
ratlicr jjlace.
doubtful, whether
Ahmed
have succeeded
1
Tiie passage runs tlius:
ijlj
U ^)lt< jOJk^4^i^ w^ J^jfjr* t^'-'^J "^.iW*
jueans the hair, or 'xool, of animals
;
also
if
them
the
enemy should
effectually.^
Our
the Tungbuddra, and arrive at that
Abdiil
will join you].
chastise
but
Khan,(-*) together with his
must he taken into custody, and dispatched
family,
(2)
€.
;
(\9th August.^
to
Nugr.
in
giving the exact sense of
la
^^
^^iXxs-
tijc origi-
JjL^ JU- J^li ^Jl i^«w//)«
J^^ij
strictly
o"^^
nap or down.
Tiic word
is
clearly applied in
contempt. (1) Original
{2*)
one of
I
suspect
t!ie
^\j
"
truly, really, signally, soundly."
liiat tliis is tlic
sons of Ab'lul
same person elsewhere called Abdul Sumv.d Khan, and
Hakeem Khun
is
mednt.
tiiat
TirPOO SULTAN.
385
LETTER CCCXLVIII. 7o Syed Ghuffar
The
;
same Date.
chastisement of the enemy's cavalry
shortly cross the Tunghuddra,
Mere hearsay
the enemy's forces
You must
view them with your
without addition or diminution.
We,
approved.
own
We
deen, directing the punishment of the
eyes,
is
too, shall
What
and arrive [or join you].
amount of
?
is
(19th August.')
not entitled to
credit.^'^
and report what you
some time ago wrote
the
is
see,
to Burhanild-
Jowkdar [or captain] of the Jyshe.
OBSERVATIONS. The
task here assigned to
Indeed
The
is
it
inconceivable,
difficuly would,
how he
could execute
no doubt, have been
less,
amount of an European army,
the
inspection,
Syed Ghuffar would appear
to
have been no easy one.
it
with the accuracy required.
if
he had had to estimate, by
the regular array of which
But, even supposing an army, constituted like
favorable to such computations.
that of the Mahrattahs, to be viewed, under every possible advantage, observer, such as his
Syed Ghuffar must necessarily have been,
power to determine
its
numbers with any degree of
it
one founded on the " hearsay intelligence
by
exactness'.
" alluded to
A
lested
from one army to another.
Here
who
itinerant Fakeers or Jogien,
in
judgment
least, as liable
by him
which he probably meant the reports of neighbouring villagers, of casual and of the
a distant
would hardly be
formed, in the manner prescribed by the Sultan, would seem to be, at to error, as
is
;
and by
travellers,
arc usually permitted to pass
unmo-
"'
follows in the manuscript a letter addressed to the
Ddroghas of the Tosheh-
khdneh, containing directions for the composition of a particular dentifrice, with 3 (1) {'2)
Original Ii is
j,1jcJ_^Lj:I
owinij to
spies luost coiiiuioiily
tlic
D
which
^^a-^o
iinnrmiiy ciijoyc.i by the Fakeers ;m;J Jozies,
assume those
cliaiactcrs.
in tiiis resj)cct,
tlut
386
SELECT LETTERS OF
which the Mahls or Harams
at
Seringapatam and Bangalore were to be supplied,
for the use of the ladies occupying
Some
in English.
my
by
curious document,
them.
I
am
inability to give the
of the composition
is
prevented from translating this
names of the ingredients
specified,
ordered to be sent to the Sultan.
LETTER CCCXLIX. To BuRHANUDDEEN
By
dated 23c? Hashimy.^^^
;
the Divine favour, the passage of the Tungbuddra
two or three days, please the Almighty, we
in
(24th August.')
shall
is
effected
j
and
summon you and
your army to the Presence.
Proceeding by the road of Nushapoor,^-^
and arriving
your camp, we shall send for you.
in the vicinity of
If,
Hurry
the meanwhile, any other force besides Ilolkar's [as that under
make
Pundit, &C.3 should
its
appearance in any considerable numbers,
with a view to attacking you, you must withdraw three or four take up a position
among
the woods
army, keep on the
;
coss,
and
but if a superior force should not
:
advance against you, and Holkar's only should present
remain where you are
in
itself,
you must
and procuring constant intelligence of the enemy's
and write regularly [of what passes]
alert,
to the
Presence.
OBSERVATIONS. Another
letter appears,
" hanuddeen,
Budr
ul
dated 29th
Aman
Hdshimy (30th August)
directed to " Bur-
Khan,"^ and the Sipahddrs" announcing, in
like
manner (1)
This
letter is
dated from a
j)lacc
probably situated on the west bank of
seem (2)
(3)
yet
I
to have passed about this time
:
tlic
uncertain.
This
not the only place in which this
is
not without a suspicion that
it is
wliic!)
may
Tungbuddra, over which
perhaps
Name am
^jj
written
this
be variously read. riv-er
the Sultan
It is
would
very day.
name
(so like tliat of
Budruz Zuman) occurs:
an error of the transcriber for BudrClz Zuman.
TIP POO SULTAN. manner is
387
preceding one, the passage of the Tunghuddra
as the
some mistake
during the period between the 23d and 29th of Hdshimy the 23d
may be supposed to have been
so that either there
must have occupied the Sultan
or this operation
in the dates,
;
in
:
which case the
written on the passage of the van of the army,
and that of the 29th when the whole of the army had crossed the latter dispatch the *'
Wc
Sultan says, "
shall
have been
river.
yet he would appear, by another
encamped on the banks of the Tunghuddra
still
7th of tVdsaacy (or 6th of September). crossing the river, might have been for
In the
proceed from hence to-morrow or the
And
next day, and soon arrive with you."
letter^ to
letter of
as late as the
Possibly, the line of his march, after
some days
in the direction of its course.
Tippoo, in his Memoirs, plumed himself considerably on the military operation in question, and, apparently, not without reason at a time
when
the river was at
its
his account, in the face of the theless,
The
following
It
greatest height,
it
was performed, according to
main body of the enemy's army, which, never-
would not seem to have offered any opposition is
the
manner
" Marching from thence "
since besides being undertaken
;
which the Sultan
in
[/.
.
Adoni]
was now the rainy season, and the
" boats from the country
I
states this occurrence
arrived
river
was
:
on the bank of the Tunghuddra. at a great'^' height.
of crossing [the river]
,
I
commanders
of N^ugr, and consulted with the
" Usud-Ilhye army on the subject
movement.
to this bold
when
all
sent for
of the
of them stated
"
it
"
'
as
"
*
Khun,
to the
"
'
forces,
were posted on the opposite
"
'
passage.'
"
*
the rains were extremely violent; and that, as the
army
"
'
be obliged to cross in small bodies at a time,
was to be feared that] the
"
'
enemy, apprized of
"
'
force against [the divisions as they crossed].'
to be their opinion,
'
that the attempt was on
To
amount of
this
Original
^\m
banks are overflowed. *'
advisable,
inasmuch
Hurry Pundit Phurkia, and the commanders of the army of Nizam a
hundred thousand horse, besides numberless
they added,
'
this circumstance,
bounds."
whicli,
The
1
D
[it
its
foot
greatest height; that
of the Sircar would
would bring a heavy
[/.
(c
2
Ali
purpose of preventing our
side, for the
that the river was at
3 (4)
no account
e.
superior]
Disregarding
believe, strictly implies, that state of a river in wliicli
expression
is
figurative,
tlic
its
word ^XjG meaning " passing
SELECT LETTERS OF
388
" Disregarding**' these opinions, and " barked, early
in the
morning of the second day
" of the Tungbuddra],
" took post " be
in a favourable situation,
By
erected.
where
evening, the passage of
" with their guns and
stores,
I
all
"
shall
"
viz.
"
happen
by
first
to be
the
similarly
crossing
I
arrival
on the banks
crossed the river,
and
army
to
the remaming Kushoons, together
On
was accomplished.
four days
three or
in
my
caused the standards of the
" being distributed among the cavalry, the " and
[after
two Kushoons, with which
^vith
em-
collecting all the boats together, 1
rest
the following day, the boats
of the
army began
Hereafter, let whosoever
whole were over.
proceed in the same
circumstanced,"'
cross,
to
manner,
and afterwards the cavalry and
the infantry in force,
others. *'
Hurry Pundit Phurkia, and the other commanders [of the enemy], on
" hearing of the passage of our army, retired with their forces to the distance of
"
four coss,
" whence,
and encamped on the
skirts of the
[adjacent] hills
and woods; from
end of three or four days, they came and drew up before our
at the
" army, with their guns and other appurtenances of war, [apparently] with the
"
Whereupon, giving
orders to the eight Kushoons
to hold themselves in readiness
[for action], I advanced, in
intention of offering us battle.
'•'
that were with
me
'*
person, with a
Kushoon of Usud-Ilhyes and another of Jyshe, towards the
" forces
" on in
:
before which
front,
" at this
movement, however,
which had been pushed
a picquet,
was obliged, by superior numbers of the enemy, to
moment
1
arrived,
and opened a
" and rockets, which soon made them
fire
infidel
fall
back.
upon the enemy from some guns
flee in
disorder."'
" a day, the
infidels
" when the
Usud-Ilhye army met them as before,''
After an interval of
once more advanced with the intention of attacking us
Original i^j^^
(6)
This advice
is
i^^,\jj'i^ ^} " not giving ear
to be
:
and they, according to
"
(5)
Just
to tliese
their
words."
understood us addressed to the Sidtans
own
family, for whose
exclusive benefit these Memoii-s would appear to have been written. (')
Original jJOyw ^licJl cl>Ij Jiojl^j,. "turned their face to
lation of the bear,"
(8)
Original
/'.
,c«;jo
e.
scattered like the stars
" according
to custom."
composing that
flight, like
constellation.
the constel-
TIPPOO SULTAN. '*
their usual practice, turned their backs,
389
and withdrew
confusion to their
in
" camp.^*'
"
On
the following day, about five o'clock in the afternoon, making ready three
" Kushoons, and placing them under the command of
" directed a night
assault to
be
"
me
The
signals.
" advanced
a few
[only]
" stopping short, opened a
"
stance of
" advance " signal
" them "
my
fire
troops keeping
them
to our
I
halted,
to
rejoin
I
keepino-
a [single] gun, for the purpose of
Mah
the detachment under
from their guns.
up
making
Mirza ^Khan]
I
'"'
and
concluded, from the circum-
cannonade, that they did not mean'" to
this
farther [to the attack of the
for
The
[i. e.
Here
approaching the enemy's army became alarmed,
but on
;
men and
Sirca?-'s troops
Mirza Khiin,
made [on the enemy], and proceeded myself
" with this detachment halfway towards their camp.
" with
Mah
enemy], and therefore
I
fired the
me, which they accordingly doing,
gun, as a
returned with
I
camp, which we reached the following morning.
next day, in order to strengthen the
" presents of horses, money, gold and " lack of rupees, among the
oflicers
hearts^'"'
of
silver wrist-rings,
my
people,
I
distributed
&c. to the value of near a
and men of the three Kushoons, accordino- to
" their respective merits.
" The following day the Mahrattah army, with " presented
itself in
order ef battle before the
a train of artillery,
Usud
llhije tygers,
on
came and
whom
they
" commenced
(9)
Original
u-uV-O
i- c.
witlidrcw
"
in a
mass, or pell-mell
;"
where, by
tlie
bye,
seems iinprojierly used, since, if I am not mistaken, it should never be any but a good or favourable sense. It is possible, however, that as the Sultan here speaking contemptuously of the Malirattaiis, the word ji^ay be used ironicallv, and
the verb
employeil is
Jj Jyc^
jj^jj^ in
perhaps as a jingling
antitliesis to
^
the
common
expression of jJo^o J
(10) Original
^Oyii
(11) OrigiiKil
jJ^lAi i.::,^ju3il^\ji^*:;^ljuj
(12) Original
^-'j/
\i>\
1^
(^yj
Jj
<»^
\^
u-w^'
jAi\^Jj^ ^Jji J^j^ -;J
II"
I
understand these three several passages rightly,
they plainly denote some back^vardne^.s on the part of the SultarCs troops to ut ,.- k the Mahcamp and yet it seems somewhat strani^e, that he should huvc taken such an occasion
rattah
:
to reward his troops.
This aijparcnt inconsistency
ni.ikes mc very douhtfal, correctness of the manuscript, at least of the accuracy of ray uiierpretation.
il
not of the
390
SELECT LETTERS OF
" commenced
a distant
" army hereupon
fire
from two or three guns.
The men
of our victorious
placing themselves in a state of preparation, received the enemy,
" with the same kind of cry [or noise] that
" away] hogs and the
"
fully
"
burial place,"" they
"
owls, and took
like
;
employed
is
to frighten [or drive
upon hearing of which, the enemy returned shame-
by the same road they had come.
After remaining another day in their
marched the ensuing morning,
up a position
many
ill-omened
at the distance of eight or ten coss
from their
like
so
" former camp."
The
Sultan next proceeds to relate his further operations against the enemy, in
the same barbarous and perplexed
whence the preceding
style,
till
gives an account of the general
bourhood of that
city,
and of which
narrative from
Nothing, however, of any moment,
extract has been made.
or indeed very intelligible, appears,
he
which distinguishes the
the period of his arrival at Shdnoor
engagement which was fought in
I will,
when
;
in the neigh-
proper place, present the reader
its
with a translation.
LETTER CCCL. To BuDEuz
ZuMAN Khan
The list of Soandeh said captives
dated 29th
among
HAshimy.
(30th August.')
and other captives has been received.
must be dispatched
with the Usud Ilhyes females
;
;
afore-
and [there be] incorporated
to JViig?;
to such of
The
whom
as are without wives,
tlie
the prisoners are to be given in marriage.
Entrenching yourself
you
strongly,^'^
will
remain [at
all
times] in rea-
diness to co-operate with Biirhanuddeen in the chastisement of the enemy.
(13) Original
of the
enemy was
ill^^^Xo to
by which metaphor the
be considered, owing to their
(1) Original ij^jji J^^s^""^ \^jij where
the English) to
mean " entrenchments."
I
Ji/Z/a/j
means
to intimate, that the
camp
ill-fortune, as the place of interment.
conceive the word ''batteries" (adopted from
TIPPOO SULTAN.
LETTER To
KiLAADAR of PuTN
the
391
CCCLI. SeringapatamJ
fi. 6.
same Date.
;
(30th Augmt.)
On
the subject of getting four intelligent children
band [or body] instructed wise called Hhdt.
of the Usud Ilhye
the encomiastic Itaikhtelis [or odes], other-
in
Desiring copies of the collection of the said odes to
be made from the
with the present
set transmitted
Another copy
to them.
(')
to be given
dancers
[or superintendant] of the
may
order that the latter
to
Uzeemuddeen, the Tauliikddr
there
(^>
and delivered
letter,
\j. e.
at Sei'ingapatani], in
teach the same to the said dancers.
OBSERVATIONS. Of for
the encomiastic odes here spoken
which
am
I
kindness of
my
indebted, as for
of,
many
in the
Hindivy
which
dialect,
number
odes are ninety-six in
;
is,
and
to the English,
tlie
is
I
will not
and cursory perusal, or
to
copy
With
the exception of the
in Persian, the rest of the composition
These
on the one hand, of the most fulsome
and on the other, of disparaging
Mahrattahs, and the Nizam.
and though
in possession of a
other interesting communications, to the
consist,
praises of the Sidtan,
;
am
indeed, denoted by the term raihhteh.
and hyperbolical
polished
tliink I
Lieutenant Colonel Ogg.
friend.
concluding distich of each ode, which is
I
The
style
allusions
extremely un-
is
pretend to have given them more than a superficial
understand perfectly
all
that
I
have read,
I
have no
hesitation in affirming, that they are utterly destitute of every kind of poetical
merit.
Of at
these curious compositions, which were set to music, and sung, or recited,
appointed seasons and hours of the day, the following extracts
may
suffice as a
specimen.
" (1*) OrigiiKil (2) Original
J:^\j ^J^^j
^\
xJ\ ^}j^
uaJcr
tliis
When
j^
general term was included singers as well as d.inccrs.
SELECT LETTERS OF
392
****** «
the Rdstum-hejiried king rushed forward [or charged] on the Rukhsh'^''
When
Europe of his an"-er, then did the hearts of the hons of
•'
[i, e.
the EngUsh] qiiakc
with dread.
'•
•'
" The
flash of his sabre struck the
Munro
to
"
Lano-'s heart
On
by
•-•
shed
was fixed a lament
There follows here an
stain,
like that of the
like a hyacinth."
but
;
I
am
tuhp
it
:
caused
Coote was made,
:
'*'
Matthews, who
allusion to General
is
distinctly
too doubtful, regarding the sense of the passage in
introduced, to offer a translation of
named,
Bussy and Lally are likewise men-
the nature of which I do not comprehend. tioned
like lightning
resembling the drops distilled from spring clouds J*'
tears,
this calamity, to
army of Bailey
which they
are
it.
******
"
When
army of our King, the dread
the Mahrattahs behold this
" causes them to
thereof
flee like deer.
" The Frlngy
[i. e.
Nizam
the European] and
lil
Mulk
pass night and day
together trembling with fear of our King.
*'
******
"
The kingdom
" ficence and
flourishes,
justice.
muni-
increases daily, through thy
******
" The Hujjdms " army " he beholds the
and the army
flees
through dread of thee,
as the
when
hunter does
lion.
" The (3) Jxukhsh (4) I \
is
"
.,
M
am
tlie
I
have rigluly understood the
April or spring clouds, are fabled
by
first
hemistich of this verse.
the Persian poets to
distil
The
a vapour, which
converted into pearls on alighting iu the oyster, so that the expression might be rendered pearly drops or tears." (5) I
indeed,
am is
equally doubtful whether I have here correctly rendered the original, which,'
not perfectly legible in this place.
meant for something (6)
it
happened
The
else.
Tiiou^h the Xizdm
because {
of the horse of the Persian hero, or champion, Rustum.
name
not certain that
e.
i.
was
is
Thus
the word, which I read
slain of the tulip refers to the black spots
distinguished
by
to suit the measure.
his title in the
He
is
on
its
may
be
inside.
preceding verse, that was only the
generally, as in tins place,
aibcr) and Uujjdin Nulli, being a play on his proper
J-x-
name, Nizam AU.
ca.\\e
Hujjchn
T
I
PPoo
s
ir I,
" The Nazarenes, on contemplating from " forget their own schemes and counsels
TA
tlie sea
[j, e.
393
\.
shore the sagacity of our king,
despair of their success].
******
"
"
When
mankind behold the
exclaim with one accord,
" Socrates, Hipjwcratcs,
and munificence of our king they
liberality
Hatim was an
'•'
all
absolute miser
~'
compared
the sages of the earth, appear before
to
him
him." like
to
" the most ignorant children.
" Mars dwindles " and
Rustum,'''
before the valor of our king to a
mere infant
:
Sam, Nurcemiin,
no account."
are of
******
But, perhaps, none of the
flights,
with which this extraordinary performance
abounds, are equal in extravagance to the following one, with which
I will
close
these extracts.
" Owing
" the
lion
to the justice of this king, the deer of the forest
and the
and
tiger,
2t>
BuRHANi
Your humble [therein given]
pay
CCCLir.
ddef.n; dated 4fh U'^asaaey.
"
write, also,
*'
[in garrison] at
Orijrinal
or statement "
u:,-.!^^!!?
"became
became known,"
or
"
in story lor
iiis
understood
munificent
;"
known:"
for tiie verb
close of the sentence, agreeably to the established Persian idiom. (2) Originiil
JU. " now,
at this time."
Kilaaddr
spirit.
Persia.
visible, clear, manifest, is
sent orders to the ''
them celebrated champions of ancient
(1)
^^^
E
was an Arabian Prince, celebrated
All of
imderstood.*^'^
you have since 3
(3)
is
NergUnd, from the
that in addition to the month's pay already issued
to the ahove mentioned troops,
{!) Ilitini
and the account
of the enemy's force, and of the issue of two months'
produce of the collections of that place,
You
(^d September.^
address has passed undei- our view,
Jyshe troops stationed
to the
their pillow of
and the panther."
their mattress of the leopard
LETTER
make
t::.^
that is
is,
the account
postponed to
tlic
SELECT LETTERS OP
394 ''
Kilauddr of Nergund to give tlicm another month's pay, and [at the
" same time] have desired a small advance " troops " us,
but as
:
that
tlie latter
It is
known.
troops of the
to
to the
Ehshdm
belong [properly] to Nugr, you suggest to
Budruz Zumiin Khan should be
" pay of these people
made
to be
directed to transmit the
them."
A\gr and Nergiind are one and the same/^> Let Ehshdm be paid out of the collections made from
the the
depending on Nergund, in the same manner as the Jyshe have
districts
been paid.
Our lustre
special retinue has passed the
TanghuddrUy and
will shortly
shed
on that quarter.
LETTER CCCLIIL To the same ; dated
A PIECE of
Huhry has been
You must
our eyes. N.B. A
"Jth
TVasaaby.
[or
get a vest
herewith] sent for that light of
is
made of
similar letter follows here,
(6fh Septetnler.')
it
for yourself.
addressed to
Meer Moaayenuddeen
Kliin.
OBSERVATIONS The Bubry was a stripe,
a kind of printed cotton, of a particular pattern
;
consisting of
resembling in form, and sometimes in color, the stripe on the skin of a
tyger, one of the
names of which animal
Bubr.
is
of his
to have considered the tyger as emblematical
probably on account of
its affinity
has been distinguished.
by the same name,
that
it
tiger
own
by which
to the lion,
Indeed the
Tippoo Sultan
is
well
known
family or government
appellation the Caliph Ali
and lion are so often called in India
would have been quite uncertain which of the two animals
(j)
Original ij:^ ^s^\^ Ss~
iiguiative
c.si
rcs.ion,
literally,
"
is
one command."
annvering to our piirasc of
'*
It
is
an
one and the same thing."
idiomatical or
TIPPOO SULTAN.
395
animals in question was meant by the Sultan, under the appellation of Bubr,
mark
the distinctive stripe,
him. jilate
may be
in short,
Tippoo
who
;
Hence and
of the stripe
caused
or armorial bearing, of
said to have constituted the crest,
to be introduced into almost every article belonging to
it
woven
fire-arms,
in his standards, &c.
mark of the paper manufactured Orders
This
had not placed the matter out of doubt.
was found stamped on the binding of his books, engraved on his
it
his
if
for the fabrication
even formed the water-
It
for his use.
and distribution of Biihry cloths appear
the letters forming the present collection.
I believe
in several of
constituted the uniform
it
dress of a considerable portion of the Sultans regular troops.
LETTER CCCLIV. To Ghous
It
Mahommed Khan
trnd
Mahomjied Aka, Daroghas of
the
JixsY TosiiEH-KiiAXEiT ; same Date.
lias
come
to the
(6ih September.')
knowledge of the Presence, that the Ddroghas and
MiUusuddies, as well as Suddunund, and other servants of the jewel
do not attend [there properly], one day
is
in
office,
consequence whereof the business of
protracted to ten. Those [persons] must be strictly enjoined [or
severely admonished]
:
they must
nay,
l)e
scourged,
[due] attendance, so that the jewellery article
employed] may be speedily
(')
and made
[upon \vhich
to give
tliey
aie
finished.
LETTER CCCLV. To Monsieur Cossigny
We have heard, past,
at that
;
d«Ued I8th IFasaaey.
that a Mahrattah Vakeel has resided, for
place
\i.
e.
Pondkherrif].
3 (I)
ner as
Original
Jj
*J, plural of J.
in the
(Vfh September^
wMch
enumeration of men,
is
^\j
E
As
this
some time
circumstance
not
suitable
2
applied to jewels and in tliat of cattle,
is
&c.
tlic like,
in
the
same man-
SELECT LETTERS OF
396
suitable to tlie friendslilp subsisting between the Sircar
Hdjah of the French, we therefore write [^T'^akeer]
may be
What more
to desire,
us] and the
[i. e.
that the aforesaid
dismissed, and not allowed to remain [there anv longer].
shall
be written
?
OBSERVATIONS. The
style of this letter
remptory
;
and was,
must be admitted
certainly, but
ill
to
be sufficiently arrogant and pe-
calculated to conciliate the good-will of the
French governor, however
it
the power of the writer.
Either the Sultan must have trusted greatly to
might serve
to impress others with a high notion of
M.
Cossigny's ignorance of the Persian language, as well as of the respect due to his
rank and station
must
or else so deep and inveterate
;
his dislike to
Christians of every denomination, whether friends or foes,
could not always abstain from letting
when
it
was palpably
(as in
it
Europeans or
have been, that he
appear in his intercourse with them, even
the present case) his interest so to do.
be doubted, whether he hated the French
less
than the English
:
It
may
indeed
and however he
might wish and hope to render the former subservient to*his views against the latter,
still
he would never seem to have forgotten, that they were both Nazarenes,
and enemies of the true
faith
;
and,
consequently,
alike
the just objects of his
abhorrence and contempt, I
do not possess the means of ascertaining what degree of attention,
paid by the French governor to the extraordinary
demand contained
if
any, was
in the foregoing
letter.
LETTER CCCLVI. 2b
You
MuLAiM Jung
;
dated \2th IVasaaby.
(\\th September^
have humbly stated, " that you have instructed
" Usud-Ilhye band [or corps] in the royal
praises.*^'^
five
It is
youths of the
known and approved.
(1) Original
i>. 1 ,
\;nV*.
,_;^v
These are
njost
probably the odes mentioned in Letter CCCLI.
TIPPOO SULTAN. approved.
Herewith
397
sent a copy of encomiastic odes,
is
which you are
likewise to teach to tliose five youths.
LETTER CCCLVII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
You
write,
;
dated will n^ASAAEY.
" that you have determined
" of amercement, from
" been
commanded by
excited the quarrel,
made
placed,
by way
to stop a month's pay,
" meed, and the Sipahddr, Syed Ghuftur." " the Joivkddr who
September.^
those concerned in the late brawK') [or disturb-
ance] of the two Kushoons
''
(lOt/i
his escape the
the Sipahddr, Syed
You moreover
whom
and over
state,
Hu-
" that
a guard had
second day after, being the day on
**
which you had the engagement with the enemy, (') accompanied by
*'
guard, Avhom he had contrived to seduce." It
is
Where
known.
the persons in question us.
Take a muster
specify distinctly, in
the
are the
?
women, the
relatives,
and brethren of
Ascertain this point, and report accordingly to
and other
also of the troops, muskets,
directed,
transmit the aforesaid
stores,
and
a memorandum to be transmitted to the Presence,
number of muskets, of men, and of cartouch-boxcs.
some time ago,
his
and we now write again
to
You
were,
direct you, to
memorandum.
OBSERVATIONS. Neither the cause, nor the nature, any more than the extent of the disturbance alluded to in this
letter, is
any where stated
:
but there
is
no reason
to
suppose, that
% (1) Original (2)
No
*--r'
particulars of
tlie
engagement
iiere
alluded to appear.
SELECT LETTERS OF
398 that
was any thing more than a private dispute between some individuals of the
it
two Kushooiis
by one
question, fomented
in
troops would not have been expressed by the
of their officers.
A
mutiny of the
word kuziah.
But of whatever kind the disturbance was, the punishment of those concerned in
it
was not light
;
and
a
more rigorous course was probably adopted
still
regard to the fugitives, whose offence
some way
to visit, in
or other,
however, no particular injustice
but too usual with
all
is
in
appears to have been the Sultans intention
it
upon
their innocent families.
In this instance,
imputable to him, since similar proceedings are
the native governments of India.
not quite clear, whether or not the muster, or inspection, directed to be
It is
taken in the foregoing the same letter
;
letter,
had any reference
to the disturbance
but the following dispatch, to Budriiz
most probable that
it
Zuman Khan, makes
it
was unconnected with that occurrence.
LETTER To BuDRUZ
mentioned in
Zuman Khan
;
CCCLVIII. same Date.
We have received your humble address,
(\Oth September.')
Avherein
you soUcit the favour
of some muskets, for the use of the Usknr troops") [under your com-
That eminent person
mand].
We
m\ist remain vigilant
wrote some time ago, and
beloved
son,<^^)
we have
and
careful.^-)
now^ written again, to our
Burhanviddeen, desiring him to transmit to us a return of
muskets, cartouch-boxes, men, and stores, Scc^^
After receiving the
aforesaid return, the muskets [you require] shall be granted you, from such
(1)
/. e.
the regular troo;
(2) Originiil
as
if
he had said
Aiib tLia^l ^ •*
*js? ^^lij c:^xj^
J
jc;b
This seems to be meant reprovingly,
lock to the security of your po>t, and do not agitate other matters."
{''>)
Origiiiiil J^-ji
(4)
This
is
s.
whieh has been already explained.
the oidei- in which each article occurs in the original
TIPPOO SULTAN. such place
[?'.
e.
399
At
store] as shall appear expedient. ^^^
present there are
no superfluous [or spare] muskets with the victorious army.
LETTER CCCLIX. To Rajah
Ram Chundur
same Date.
;
(lOlh September.^
(Extract.)
Two
Urzddshts [or humble addresses] transmitted by you have passed
You
under our view. **
''
**
"
rations
"
write,
that, agreeably to
and monthly pay of the Ahmtd'ies belonging to Little Bala-
poor, Hilscotah, and
Khun
Khdnhulli/, are issued, at the computation
of thirty days [to the month] i\\e
;
but that having heard that Pitumber,
jiumil o^ Yousufdhdd, had [lately] received orders to issue
" of the ylkmedies [depending on
"
our directions, the
his jurisdiction] at the
tlie
pay
computation
of thirty-six days [to the month], you were, inconsequence, doubt-
"
ful
"
thirty-six days,
whether
It is
known.
liave received.
others
to issue the
same
[for the future] at the rate of thirty ov
and would act therein
Do What
as
we should command."
you act conformably with the directions which vou have you with [the orders given
business
to]
?
OBSERVATIONS. In regulating the monthly pay of servants and others in India, the length of tlie
month
Indeed,
it
is is
not necessarily delerniintd, either
h}'
the lunar or solar reckoning.
very rarely that either domestics or military persons, in the country
service, are paid at so favorable a rate.
On
the contrary, the
month
is
sometimes arbitrarily
(5) Orij-inal
Jk.ii
jji'^^ ui^vti-^ u:-~*1
" wlicrc till musketb .lie, or may be, " Mowed." Tills is a vtiy iisii;il idi..in as well as
I
^-V'^J Jrl-'W lo
be kucm,
'''^
oVj'
[riKiici.]
'''erally,
shall
"
of the Poisiuii, the scope of which
could in the text, but wiihoui being satisfied that
1
fio.ii
l!iu
[il.ico
thuy be graciously bcI
have ex|)rcssej
have entirely succeeded.
SELECT LETTERS
400 arbitrarily
made
to consist of forty days,
means the
this
actual
falls
far
Thus
and very commonly of
short of the nominal pay
month, being no
forty days are assigned to the
Ol"
less
a Sepoy, apparently rated at twelve rupees a
when
the difference,
;
By
thirty-five.
than three months in the year.
month, would,
in fact, receive
only nine.
This practice, which does not obtain among the English
when he wishes
master,
either to reduce or raise the
without making any alteration in
so,
though there
in truth,
is,
its
in India, enables a
his dependants, to
pay of
established or nominal
no delusion in the device, there
is
amount
something in
appears to gratify the vanity, both of the servant and of his employer
;
:
it
do
and that
the impor-
tance of each being supposed to be increased, in a certain degree, by the ostensible
amount of the regulated
However
officious or supererogatory the representation of
might have been, master
But
it
this
is
among
more prone
at all times,
received from his
a variety of similar instances, of the excessive irri-
tableness and austerity of the Sultan's disposition,
him,
it
tendency was to effect a reduction of the public expence.
its
only one,
Ram Chundur
Rajah
hardly merited the shai-p reproof which
especially as
;
salary.
to censure than to
which seems
commend
to
have rendered
his servants.
LETTER CCCLX. To
Mahommed Ibraheem, Aumil
of
NJgmvngul ; same
Date.
(\Ofh September.') write, " that Poonia [or Pootia], the Serishteddr of that place
You
Ndgmungul^
"
\i. €.
"
to
"
flight
him
[/. e.
is
an unfaithful
person,^')
and that the
Bijots,
owing
to his mal-practices], will [assuredly] turn their faces to
[or abandon
have to write [on
the country]."
this subject], let
It is it
known.
be written to
Whatsoever you tlie
Dewdn
of the
mansion of sovereignty, Putn. (1) Original salt
4,\j^
one has eaten
:
CS^
literally,
making a had,
llencc, figuratively,
"
faithless,
"unlawful or prohibited
salt,"
i.e.
not deserving the
or ungrateful, return for favours or protection granted,
fraudulent, ungrateful," &c.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
401
OBSERVATIONS. It
must not be inferred from
this letter, that the affair to
intended by the writer to be referred to the decision of the
was
far
which
Dewdn.
it relates
was
The Sultan
from being in the habit of delegating his authority on such occasions
:
nor
does he, in general, appear to have had any objections to being addressed directly
on matters of business.
On
the contrary,
which was calculated
practice,
His object
in
he seems to have encouraged
to operate as a check
upon
this
his official servants.
the present instance was, probably, to obtain fuller information,
preparatory to the enunciation of his pleasure on the subject. It
is
who was meant by
not certain
the
Dewdn
of Seringapatam
inclined to think that the designation could apply only to
Meer
;
but
I
am
Sadik.
LETTER CCCLXI. 2b BuRHANUDDEEN
Your
letter,
;
JFasaaey
dated \2lh
containing an account of
triumphant army, and of the
flight
of the
Fursimg,^^^ has passed under our view.
the
enemy makes
his appearance,
effectually, in the
the favor of
God
reward of their
Fursung
victory obtained by our
enemy
You
must, hereafter, whenever oflfers,
chastise
same manner that you have now defeated him.
him
By
the Aider, the infidels here^^) shall also receive the due
misdeeds.^^^
[or
Fursukh, as
it is
F
also written) is usually considered equal to tbrcc
coss.
(2)
That
(3)
Original Jl)J .iJ
is,
to the distance of a
and an opportunity
3 (1) T\\&
tlie
(\\th Septemhev.')
those immediately opposed to the Sultan himself.
SELECT LETTERS OF
402
LETTER CCCLXII. To BuDRUZ
ZuMAN Khan
We have received
dated \Zth
;
your three
letters,
WAsaaet.
together with those addressed to
you by AU Rajah(') and the Kdzy of Nugr, and
also the statement of the
peculations of the Kilaaddr of BullaraedoorgS^^ aforesaid Kilaaddr
*'
is
a
cheat^^^
(I2th Septemher.^
You
and an oppressor
write,
;("*>
and
'*
that the
that,
with
" our permission, W you will appoint and send [thither] Kureem Khan, " who, agreeably to our orders, has [lately] joined you from Lud" dasheoo-ghurr." It is
known.
It is well.(^)
Displace the aforesaid Kilaaddr
according to your proposal,(^> appoint and dispatch the above
[Kureem Khan]
On
;
and,
named
to [take charge of] the fort [in question.]
the nightW of the 13th of the
make
KusJioons [with orders] to
month JFdsaaey, we detached two
a night-attack upon the enemy.
The
detachment accordingly surprized the enemy,(^> poured such a discharge
among them,
of cannon and musquetry
that the
reprobate crew,^"'^
unable (
1
That
is,
the Beeht/ of Cannaiwre.
(2) ProbabI}' the Bullalraedooi-g of Colonel Wilks's (3)
Original
jU.
(4)
Original
^jL^
(5)
Original C:^
"
dishonest, fraudulent."
from ic^^\ "vexation, oppression," &c.
J^f\
(6) Original
t:;,-«jl^
(1) Original
4sy-A<=j^
(8)
By
map.
literally,
literally,
it is
better," or
" your own humble
the night of the 13th
the morning of the 13th.
"
"if order be:"
is
Sham,
i. e.
"
it
"if is
it
be ordered."
very wcU."
representation."
here meant the time between the preceding midnight and or evening, comprizes the time
between
sun-settliig
and
midnight. (9)
Original *y^j«fcU^
"
going, or falling upon, the head of the
expression a sudden or unexpected attack (10) Original
ii\^i3J
is
meant.
enemy
:"
by which
TIPPOO SULTAN. unable to support
[it],
with cropped ears and
fell
into the utmost disorder,
This
tails/'^)
LETTER To
the
Write
Kazy
is
to the
and
dispersed(">
written for your information.
CCCLXIII.
Bangalore ; same Date.
of
and send
out,
403
(\2th September.)
Presence, a copy of the
HuJcm-ndmek
[or instructions] with which you have been graciously furnished, the
same being wanted, to the
for the purpose of bestowing
Kdzy of Zuferdhdd.
Zuferdhdd
[i. e.
transmitting]
Observe that the name of the Kuchurri/ of
to be inserted in the [first] line of the first
is
name
copy], instead of the
Kdzy must be and whatever
omitted.O
it
and that the name of the
of Bangalore ^
For the
rest, all
that relates to fees, &c.,
must be copied
else is written tlierein,
page [of the
verbatim,^^^
and
transmitted to us.
Let the copy of the Hitkm-ndmeh [herein-mentioned] be previously to
its
N. B. There
bound,^^)
being dispatched to us. Syed Peer, the Kilaaddr of Bangalore,
follows next a letter to
informing him of the orders sent to the Kdzy, and desiring him to see that they
The document
were duly complied with.
in question was,
when
ready, to be
forwarded to the Presence by him (Syed Peer.)
3 (11) Original
xsijiijcj J!i
(12) Original
jcci)
SAi
The word
As.
perfectly.
Jj* j_^j^j Jj;
i. e.
" a blank must be
"
as
(2) Original
^^..^.js^.
(3) Original
j&i-LjJjsr*
or pages, as
many
to stitch tljcm.
of those
2
* J whicli
I
am
particular, standing, as
in
volving the passage in an obscurity that (1)
F
I
am
far it
from pretending' to understand
docs, in construction with
*j
in-
unable to dispel.
left for it."
it
is," or
The
"just as
it
is."
instructions in question consisted, perhaps, of several leaves
documents
did.
In this case,
it
was usual
to bind, or, at least,
SELECT LETTERS OP
<04:
OBSERVATIONS. might be iufcncd from the foregonig
It
Kdzy
to the
letter,
of Bangalore had been preserved, and that hence arose the necessity
of calHng upon that officer to furnish one
with which
Tippoo
that no copy of the instructions
but, considering the great regularity
:
documents, in general, appear to have been registered under
official
Sultan's government,
it
can hardly be imagined, that an entry of the in-
structions in question should not have been duly
Nor
proper department.
for the present directions ter,
is
such a supposition
since there
;
no
is
made among
at all requisite, in order to
no doubt, a copy would be more
case,
Bangalore than from the letter before us,
for the
ject of the
Kdzy
of Ziiferdbdd
:
contains, for sending the instrument
it
for such
minute instructions given on
would be necessary, on the the blanks
and speedily obtained from
thing chiefly remarkable, therefore, in the
the direction which
is
easily
left in it,
and
Seringapatam, in
left at
form which should save the trouble of preparing
specified, in a
copy
The
capital.
account
difficulty in conceiving, that the regis-
containing the document wanted, might have been
which
the records of the
would seem
this head.
receipt of the
By
document
to have
this
camp any
other
been the sole ob-
means, nothmg more
in question, than to
and signature
to affix the usual seal
in
to
it.
fill
up
Such an expe-
economizing of time and labour, would scarcely occur to any but a
dient, for the
very eccentric mind. It
might have been expected, considering the particular design which the Sultan
would appear
to
have had in requiring the document in question, and adverting to
the minuteness of his directions respecting order a blank to be the
Kdzy
to
whom
left for
that he
it,
would not have forgotten
to
name
of
the date of the instructions, as well as for the
they were to be transmitted.
But
this omission is
only one
of various instances of similar inadvertency and inconsistency, with which
productions of his pen abound, and which tinctness of his views, subjects. still
To
may
and the crudeness of
all
the
be safely referred to the indis-
his conceptions
on the generality of
the same causes (originating in an understanding naturally contracted)
more, perhaps, than to caprice and
and indigested
regulations,
as well as
levity, are to
many
be ascribed most of the
of the inconginaous
and
measures, which marked the course of his bustling but ruinous reign.
trivial
vacillating
TIPPOO SULTAN.
40c
LETTER CCCLXIV. To
KiLAADAR
the
of PuT.X CSeRIXGAPATAM^)
;
cluted 15th
JFJSAAEY.
Q.'^th September.^
The
abstract of this letter, as given
in the manuscript,
ajjpears to have
been
inaccurately copied, for which reason I have not attempted a regular translation of
The
it.
subject of
it,
however,
is
too remarkable to be entirely passed over.
It
relates to the establishment of a
kind of school in certain of the R'mdlas composing
the garrison of Seringapatam
and from the context
:
question were
some of the Usud Ilhye or Ahmedy
in each Risdla
was fixed
at twenty,
promising youths belonging to
who were
is
infer, that the
corps.
Risdlas in
The number
of pupils
ordered to be selected from the most
Besides being taught to read the Koran, they
it.
were to be instructed in the Persian language and
There
I
reason to conclude, from a curious
in accounts.
memorandum among
the Sultans
papers, in which the qualifications of several of his principal servants are specified, that those of the military class were, for the most part, utterly illiterate.
probably, therefore, with a view to the correction of this tion of a
more
intelligent
the schools here spoken
and respectable description of
of.
I
regulation, or whether, indeed, It was,
am it
unable to
state,
what
evil,
was
It
and to the forma-
officers,
that he instituted
effects resulted
from
this
continued in force long enough to lead to any.
no doubt, well calculated,
if steadily
pursued and duly executed, to pro-
duce a considerable improvement in the character of the superior ranks of the
army
;
and
garrisons,
particularly, if
among which
whether or not
The lowing **
"
letter,
this
it
was extended, or intended to be extended,
the Ahmedies and
was the case
I
Usud
to all the
Ilhyes were distributed.
But
have no means of judging.
which we are now considering, contains
also a
paragraph
to the fol-
effect
You
did right, in couunitting rive youths to the charge of Uzeeiii-
uddeeen,('> for the purpose of their l)eing taught the encomiastic odes
;
" hut (!)
Sec Letter CCCLI, wlicrc
the dancers and sinircrs.
it
appears that
this
UzccniQddecn was
siipcriiitcndarit
of
SELECT LETTERS OP
406
no need
*'
but there
**
are sufficient."
is
for adding four
more to the
Th^ former
number.(*2
LETTER CCCLXV. To NuBBY Shah,
You
write,
*'
at
Bangalore ; same Date.
in front of the blessed
"
that the
Aumil will
not resign [to you] the ground [on which
when you must annex (')
[usual]
the
same
requested of us
«
[or shrine] has been demolished, but
The Anmil will make over
known.
You have
Durgdh
fees,(^*>
to put
&c."
you
It is
it
stood]."
the aforesaid ground [to you],
to the premises of the
Durgdh.
to issue our orders to the jiumil of
*'
in possession of [or continue to
known.
be directed on the subject of
custom to repeat our
September.')
Pagoda which was
that agreeably to [our] orders, the
"
It is
(14M
fees,
Selim
you] the
Whatsoever was thought proper to &c. has been directed.
It is not
our
orders.^'^
OBSERVATIONS. Whatever might have been the bigotry of the Sultan, the general style and tenor of the foregoing
hood was not of a nature
it
would appear, from
that his respect for the priest-
letter,
to prevent their experiencing, occasionally, together with
the other orders of his subjects, that acerbity of manner, which so
much
distin-
guished
(2) It
is
probable that Uzcemftddeen had applied for the additional youths, here
tioned, through the Kilaaddr, Syed (1) (i!*)
tion
Name
uncertain.
Original
of some
^jr^ ^ (>y^j i^r^^^^
particular fees or
Oriijinal
^_}>-
\^\^.
The
application
endowments which had been
^
x^y^ iJ^J^ ^-r^.jjjj^ '- ^•.'•^ jy^^ ^/'^ the subject]." and over [on same write ov«r (3)
men-
Mahommed.
**
may have been
for the Jw/ora-
abolished. ''
'^
not
customary [with us] to
TIPPOO SULTAN. Nubby Shah
guished his character.
is
407
whom
one of those, to
the circular pro-
clamation, or manifesto, against the infidels (inserted at page 293) was forwarded
and was, probably, the governing Although the present is
collection furnishes several instances,
seen to repeat orders already issued, yet
habit of doing so
" not
;
and that
probably
is
all
it is
Bangalore.
he was not in the
by saying
in general, too
consequences of disobeying them too well understood, to
at
which the Sultan
in
certain, that
that he meant,
His commands were,
his custom."
Durgdh
priest of the principal
;
"
that
it
was
peremptory, and the
make
it
often necessary
to reiterate them.
LETTER CCCLXVI. To MusHEER UL
MuLK
J
A
[After compliments] which
I
{\Qth September^
dated \9th fVAsAAEY.
long period has elapsed, during
have not had the happiness of hearing the glad tidings of the
health and welfare of the Nabob, [person].
May
It is a [just]
Nizam ud Dowlah, and of
the cause which has prevented
that exalted
be no other than good.
it
ground of wonder and amazement,(') that at
this time, the
above described^^^ Nabob should unite himself to the rulers at Poonahy
ship subsisting between us,
against n)e.
Some time ago
after personally explaining to
and friend-
to the infraction of the treaties
and without any cause proceed
and determine upon committing
Mahommed
I dispatched
him various
hostilities
Khan,
Iftikhar
particulars, calculated to pro-
mote and preserve the mutual friendship and
interests of
both our states, as
(1)
Original j«^
.
i^,-,.*?^
These words, though usually considered
a sliadc of dilTcrciice in their meaning
;
the latter including, in
alarm, uneasiness, or consternation, as well as (2) Original
4_j^^
t_>\ J
where though (_J^k
suited to llie relative situations of the
to be addressed as superior by the tension.
tl)at
Nizam and
latter
;
who,
fjXf.o (praised) would have been a
in
more
as
synonymous, have
some degree, the idea of
of surprize. is
a
polite
the Sultan general,
I
:
tlic
expression,
former of
it
is
whom
hardly
claimed
believe, ac(]uiesccd in the pre-
respectful phrase.
SELECT LETTERS OP
408
as well as that of Poonah.
If the aforesaid
Khan had
faithfully detailed
these particulars, there can be no doubt that the above described
who
is
a great
Nahoh,
[or nobleman] and a profound statesman/^)
lord(')
have acquiesced therein
;(^)
and
would
liaAC applied himself to reconcile the dif-
ferences which have arisen at this time between
me and
the people of
Poonuhy^^^ to strengthening- the foundations of union between the three
and
states,
The made
to
promoting their joint prosperity and splendor.
case, with regard to
pacific propositions
Adoni,
founded
briefly this.
is
in reason
and
How much
soever I
sincerity, the ministers
on that side [or the court of Hydrahud'] constantly returned harsh an-
The
swers, calculated [only] to embroil^''> [matters further].
would require a long explanation, and All the particulars will be
made known
Luchman Rao, who is a man my confidence. You will be
to
is
beyond the
you
verbally,
limits of
business
a
letter.
by the MUtusuddy,
of understanding, and a person possessing pleased to
make him acquainted with
the
views and wishes of the above described Nabob, and send him [back] speedily hither.
A
Mt'htdhij dress
For the
rest,
may
is
herewith sent, in token of our abundant regard.
joy and happiness be yours
I
OBSERVATIONS. Musheerul Mulk was,
at this period,
and continued
year 1805, the principal minister at the court of
to
be
till
his death, in the
Hydrabad; having been con-
firmed in that office by the present Nizdm, Secunder Jah, on the accession of the latter (3) Original
j-^ j^^^
(4) Original
j^Si
(5) Original
«j^jjl^_ji>
(6) Original
AJy
(7)
l-^U
^jjlib
literally
" knowing
Jj>\
Original S)dc^juf« ^jti>J,;),^^j'^.^fr-
in difficult counsels."
TI Musmid,
to the
latter
which thougli
by untoward
in
PPO O
his long administration,
in the
main prosperous, was, nevertheless, considerably checquered
events,
he steadily and successfully cultivated a good understanding
and
finally the credit
inasmuch
upon the
erected
is
whom
and
his
own
court he had
satisfaction of establishing the strict alliance
and which
it
between
;
subsisting between them,
It is
409
During the whole of
1804.
with the British Government in Lidia
as
SULTAN.
now
happily
the more likely to prove permanent,
is
basis
of reciprocal advantage
and
security.
not pretended, that the views of Mushcer ul Mitlk, in this instance, were
influenced
by any
feelings arising out of private partiality for the English
;
though
there wants not ground for believing, that this minister not only duly appreciated
the character of our nation, but also entertained sentiments of personal regard for
many
individuals of
was guided
But, on the occasion at present under consideration, he
it.
by the suggestions of
solely
that, placed as the state of
neighbours,'*'
nancy in
its
liis
pohtical sagacity, which taught
Hyderabad was, between two powerful and encroaching
both of them watchful for the opjjortunity of acquiring a predomi-
councils, or, in other words, of rendering
their interests, there
was no
the independence of
its
it
entirely subser\'icnt to
security, either for the integrity of
sovereignty,
he never appears vours to attain his master
it
to
have
lost sight,
and to which,
;
was engaged,
:
dominions, or
an object of which
though repeatedly disappointed
it is
at the date
its
but in the protection of the British govern-
This, then, was the object of his constant solicitude
ment.
him
in his endea-
probable, that the events of the war in which
of the foregoing
letter,
more than ever disposed
him.
Of
that letter
may be
it
remarked, that
it
seems to indicate a desire in the
writer to open a negociation for a separate peace with the court of
which purpose
it is
also not improbable, that
specific propositions.
sion of that agent,
become
rather
it
was the object of the Sultan,
certainly failed
since the
in the
;
common
Namely,
ilic
in the
mis-
Nizdm, though, perhaps, now
cause, did not absolutely
abandon
it,
or
the Sultan, but in conjunction with the Mahrattahs.
3 (S)
for
Luchman Rao was charged with some
If such, however,
lukewarm
make peace with
Hyderabad ;
Maluattalis anil
Tippoo
G
Sultiui.
The
SELECT LETTERS
410 The Mahommed
Khan, mentioned
Iftikhar
Mangabre
period of the negociations at
him Muftukhir Khan same
at the
was the
in the foregoing letter,
or minister, of the court of Hyderabad, residing with Tippoo, at the
Vaheel,
calls
OF
The
17'84,
in
Sultan, in his Memoirs,
and on occasion of his dismission (which took place
;
that the majority of the English prisoners were released, in
tinie
consequence of the treaty of IMangalore) speaks of him in the following terms
" At '•'
Sending, in consequence, for the aforesaid,
audience of leave.
" with
"
Muftukhir Khan, the Vakeel of Hujjam Nully,
this period
On
a Khilaat
and
thousand rupees
five
demanded
this occasion I
To
" time employed about?
"
the season of the
" moment
"
'
of the No-roze,
"
'
he
"
said not
is
sit,
money, and gave him
in
Muftukhir Khan
I
rejoined
all standing, or is there
comprehending what
replied, that as
:
'
my
"
I said,
" *'
his master,
on
his first arrival in
by desiring him
upon he
said, that his
" most
my
his master
master was ready, on learning
" he entertained the hope, that as I
heard
at length, the
which he had delivered
my
[or amicable]
this,
I
would join with him said,
I
give
I
'
you
To
:
and
full
this I
me
power
which
Mahrat-
(10)
This appellation
The
It
was
(11) Original
^-
^---^
have rendered
this
tukliir
Khan
than
most Maliommcdan courts
instituted
\%j ij ^Ji
to me.
I
at the
commencement of
the
by the ancient Persians.
j
jJj lJ};^
i^ XiA)
passage as closely as
it is
on
'
been explained before.
festival celebrated at
vernal equinox.
I
lias
me
to decide for
" (9)
thfe
bind
to
in return for
in chastising the
me
Here-
wishes, to give
disposition,
said,
to
had proposed.
" himself to the performance of his engagements by oaths
As soon
In this man-
Presence at Mangalore.
what
to state again
satisfactory proofs of his pacific
" tabs.
afore-
and being covered with shame and confusion,
drift,
replied,
when,
:
The
'"'
repeated his former answer.
that he wished for an answer to the propositions
" from
was then
any elevated structure upon which
State every particular at large.'
?
it
at that
does your master, on occasion
" ner we two or three times bandied the subject about
" Vakeel perceiving
his dismission.
master was most probably seated at that
his
Hereupon
seated during nine days
an
him
presented
him what Hujjam Nully Khan''' was
this
No-roze,'''°^
Durbar],
[in
of
I
solicited
suspect,
I
could
;
y
>••.;'-«< ^-*^ i^^ * -Vi nj/^i^ /kUj j^j J but it was not more unintelligible to MCif\'.
however, that there
is
some indecent
allusion in
it.
TIPPOOSrLTAN. "
'
on
"
'
master,
who
"
'
others.'
To
"
breasted,^'-'
"
'
liar,''^*
"
'
his sons as hostages
*'
'
consideration] from acting
"
'
put the smallest confidence
this occasioiij
and
to say
has in so this
how
many
I
Muftukhir Khan, who was a man of
replied,
that
'
your
instances violated his solemn engagements with
was no doubt]
[there
'
[for his ill.
good
strict veracity
and pure-
master was an established
his
faith],
would not be restrained [by that
Never should you pay the any of
in,
his
'
"
conversation with Muftukhir Khan,
the world, I could place any faith in
However,
words or
how, when such was the estimation
"
all
to trust to the pacific professions of
and evil-minded [person]^ who, though he should give one or two of
" demanded, by
am
411
may be
diflficult it
I
him
actions.'
which
in
?'
least regard to, or
Upon
his master
this I
was held
Finally, having
had
this
dismissed him."
to believe that
Iftikhar
Khan
should have so far
betrayed the trust reposed in him, as to have expressed himself, regarding his master, in the gross terms ascribed to
hand, be owned, that lattcr's
it
him by
would not be easy
the Sultan,
to assign
any
it
must, on the other
satisfactory reason for the
absolute fabrication of so extraordinary a story, which
somewhat resembles
the account he has been seen to give on another occasion, of the declarations of
the Mahrattah l^akeel with respect to the rulers of the state. be,
it
does not appear probable, from what
is
However
this
here related, that Iftikhar
may
Khan
should have been charged with any communications to the court of Ilijderahad, of a tendency
much
calculated
to
conciliate
" preserve the mutual friendship and
its
good
interests of the
will,
two
or " to
promote and
states."
LETTER CCCLXVII. To Syed Mohyuddeen, Avmil of JIuscoTAH ; dated 2\d JVasaaew QZOlh September.')
Your
letter,
representing
" [corps stationed
iti
" that the Bisdladdrs of the Alimedij
your jurisdiction] refuse to receive any other sort
3
G
2
^L
(12) Original
ij.^
(13) Original
^£^ 4_jj'i
and ^^.asr^
'^''''
"V
' of
OF
SELECT LETTERS
412 " of Ddl than [that
must serve out
called]
Toor" has
Ahmedy such Ddl
to the Risdladdrs of the
procurable, whether
Moong,
be Toor,
it
You
passed under [our] view. as
may be
or 3IdshS^'>
LETTER CCCLXVIII. Khan
To Shumsuddeen
TosHEH-KHANEH
at
a7id
Ghulam Hyder, Daroghas
Seringapatam
;
of the
dated 22d IVasaaey.
(2\st
September.^
Directing them
to advance to three certain
three hundred rupees
[i.
approaching marriage
;
injunctions to the
e.
Usud-Ilhyes the
sum of
one hundred to each], on occasion of their
and, moreover, instructing them to give strict
Ddrogha of
the Mint to furnish every thing necessary
for the celebration of their nuptials.
OBSERVATIONS. This
letter
additional proof of the
furnishes an
have always considered with peculiar self-complacenc}', as bearing
appears to
indubitable testimony to his zeal for the propagation of the
various
observation
occasions,
is
applicable to the Ahmedles, for
au equal
Even
partiality.
instance of this favorable disposition towards if
by the
the establishment of which he
Sultan, in whatever related to this favorite corps,
The same
interest taken
livel}'
any other description of
his troops
Noor Ullah, when
:
for
whom
CCCLXN'II, it is
religion.
he manifested, on affords
an
highly probable, that
had presumed to express the same
faction with the rations served out to them,
of this body, they
them
Letter
Mahommedan
dissatis-
which was declared by the Risdladdrs
would have received a similar answer
to
that given to
Shah
the latter ventured to represent the badness of the rice delivered
for the use of his retinue (see Letter
CLXXVII).
Here, on the contrary, the Sultmiy
(1)
These are the names of
diflerent kinds of dry pease.
TTPPOO SULTAN.
413
Sultan, so far from reproving the complainants, seems to have been sufficiently
Ddl of
willing to indulge their preference for
be in the market or
to
Toor, provided that article happened
in the public store.
LETTER CCCLXIX. To Syed
Ahmed Saheb
Desiring him
dated 22d TFasaaey.
('^ ;
(2\st September.^
to offer itp his prayers for the prosperity of the faith>
and for the destruction of
its
enemies.
LETTER CCCLXX. Run MUST Khan Behadur,
To
(2\st
Chief of
Kvrnool ; same
Date.
Septeinher^
In conformity with your wishes, orders have been sent to the Fuujddr of Adoni^^*^ desiring him to give particular instructions to the persons
employed by him territories], to Sir,
in collecting
horsemen [for our
proceed in the business with
hkewise aiding and assisting on
all
service, within
possible secrecy.
Be
your you,
this occasion.*-^
OBSERVATIONS. It appears
by
this letter, that
though the chief of Kuvnool had found himself
under the necessity of i)ermitting the Sidtuns tories,
officers to recruit
within his
terri-
he was not without ajjprchensions of incurring thereby the displeasure of
the court of Ilyderuhad, whose vassal he was.
While, however, Tippoo seemingly
(1)
This was
;i
Diirurii/i, or devotee, with
the place of wliose residence
<]>iaiiitcd.
(1*) Mcaniii;^', of course, Kiltb id (2)
Midk.
Original ^,.'jt
Iain
uiiac-
SELECT LETTERS OF
4l4
ingly concurs in the reasonableness of the Patan's desire to guard against any suspicion of acting coUusively in this aifair, he," in the
that chieftain to promote
its
which, with whatever secrecy still
by
success, it
same
instant, calls
and influence
his personal authority
might be employed, could not
fail
more, to the imputation which he was so anxious to escape.
upon
to expose
Whether
him,
this
was
merely one of those inconsistencies, or contradictions, which so often marked the conduct of the Sultan, and so frequently occur in his writings proceeded from a latent design of embroiling Runmust
by
and,
or whether
Khan with
it
the Nizdm,
compelling the former to throw himself upon his (the
that means,
Sultan's) protection,
;
a point, which
is
it is
to determine.
now, perhaps, impossible
LETTER CCCLXXI. Ghulam Husain, DJrogha
To Meer
Fleet
Your
',^'>
"
dated 25tk TVasaaey.
letter, reporting,
" elapsed without Onore,^^^
Mahommed
whither,
(24th September.}
All Khan's
making
his
appearance at
however, he had sent his brother,"
What business is aforesaid Khdn comes or
it
of the
other things, " that four months had
among
received.
the
Cor Superintemhnt)
has
been
of that asylum of nobleness, (^^ whether
stays
?
Do
you apply yourself
diligently to
the discharge of the trust reposed in you, and see that the ships are
equipped with the utmost dispatch.
You
must,
moreover, take care
that they are coppered, agreeably to our former orders.
(1) Original
oU,! o^
Armada ;
a word adopted, probably, from the Portuguese.
been ordered to prepare to proceed to Pegu, and that the vessels proposed to be employed on this expedition (which (2)
There
is
reason to
tliink,
that
was subsequently relinquished) were (3)
Original
to a person of
iU good
u:^lsi ,.rwhich birth.
thisIMahommed
Ali
Klian
iiad
at Onorc.
is
superior a conunou Ulkdb, or form of address, from a
TIPPOOSULTAN.
41
OBSERVATIONS. am
I
ignorant of the amount, as well as of the nature, of the Sulfan's naval If
force, at this period.
we were
has thought proper to apply to
place,
first
tion
on
it is
this object
must have been very
;
pretty certain that
and
means
either time or
known
or seen of his
of 1792
it is
to
is
led to conclude, that
drawn from
safely
was of
for believ-
insignificant at the time referred to.
Hyder
Ali had bestowed
little
In
or no atten-
equally clear, that his successor had not hitherto had
do much in pursuit of
after
it
so slight a
more than one reason
Besides, nothing was either
it*
Armada, during the war which ended
and though,
;
we might be
while, on the other hand, there
;
ing, that his marine
the
it,
by the designation (Armada) which he
But no inference can be
considerable strength.
circumstance
to judge
that event, he
in the partition treaty
applied himself seriously (as will
appear by Appendix K.) to the formation of a respectable navy, he had, happily, not been enabled to efi'ectuate his purpose, before his restless and impatient spirit
plunged him into another premature war; in the short course of which,
was heard of his navy
during that which preceded
as
as little
it.
LETTER CCCLXXII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
07k/
BuDRuz ZuMAN Khan
same Date. In a
(24fh September.^
which we dispatched
letter
(of the Same tenor);
you by Eecroo Pindarch,(') and
to
the Hurkdrch, Munchajee, you were furnished
vvitli
a route.
You
must,
accordingly, proceed, cither by the route indicated in that letter, or by
some other road, leading through a
[close or]
woody country
;
and
taking up a position within six or seven coss of Deogurry,^^ where our victorious fl)
Pindiirch
Kuzzdk and (2)
which
This place is,
is
a term chiefly in use with the Mahrattalis, and
is
of
tlic
same import
as
Lootj/. is
situated about twelve miles S.S.E. of S/idnoor,
perhaps, the river
ailiidetl to in tlie
next
letter.
and very near the JVirda,
416
SELECT LETTERS OF
victorious arifly
[at present]
is
encaniiicd,
report your arrival
the
to
Presence.
Ghazy Khan(^)
is
a person of extensive knowledge and experience, and
He
[particularly] well acquainted with the roads [of this country].
on
this
has,
account, been sent with his Hisd/a to join you; upon his doing
which, you are to regulate your march by his advice and opinion.
LETTER CCCLXXIII. To BuRHANUDDEEN
Four Khan.
;
(251 h September.^
(hied 26th TJ^Jsaaey.
Kuslioons have likewise been dispatched [to you] with
You must
leave all the
women and
other
ruhbinh,'^^^
Ghazy
together
with the supei-fluous baggage belonging to your army, at Umvutti/,^-^
and crossing the
river with the above-mentioned
[Ghazy Khan], by our
directly to the Presence, instead of halting [as directed
repair
of
letter
yesterday], at the distance of six or seven eoss from the victorious army.
You
will bring
on with you, however, your light baggage, as well as
all
your warlike apparatus,(^*> with the exception of one of your three great This, with whatever spare wheels you
guns.
with your heavy baggage
:
to
liave,^^)
you must leave
with which, such of your bullocks as are
bad condition must, likewise, remain.
in
may
The two
Z,umchws''^^ are
accompany you. Khan was
the principal Pinddreh
(3)
Gliazy
(1)
Original tl/liU-^
(2)
Name
,_^
I
in
Tippoo
Sultan's
employ.
»f^ j C'li!
uncertain.
(3*) Original iXw»- t_?L-l (4)
commander
think, but
am
i.
e.
guns, tumbrils, ordnance stores, and the
not certain, that
tiiis
is
the
like.
meaning of the passage, which
is
not
perfectly legible. (5) I take the
Lumchur
to
have been a long gun, calculated
for distant
cannonading.
^
Tirroo suLTAK.
417
OBSERVATIONS. On
the 25th of IFd^aaey (or 24th of September), the Sultan had determined
Ghazy Khan, with no more than
to send
Burhanuddeen's division
to join
:
his
own Risdla
of Kuzzdks, or Loofies,
but, either in consequence of
some inteUigence of
the enemy's motions, received subsequently to the dispatch of Letter
CCCLXXII,
or with a view to render the junction of his brother-in-law with his
more secure and
easy,
he next day changes his plan, and resolves on reinforcing
the latter, to the extent which has been seen.
correspondence or from the Sultans this time, or
when
own army
It
does not appear, either from the
own Memoirs, where Burhanuddeen was
his junction with the
" victorious" army was
at
effected.
LETTER CCCLXXIV. To
Rajah Ram Cuundur
Your
letter,
;
dated 2Jth TVJsaaey.
(26ih September.)
acknowledging the receipt of our orders
Meer AH, the second Bukhshj of
the
Ehskdm,
for
puttino-
into possession of a spa-
cious dwelling-house [at Bangalore'], has passed under [our] view. state
"
You
that the aforesaid BukJishj has pointed out the house of the
on account of
**
Khidmutgdr Behddilr,
•*
the accommodation of his numerous family, and that he has accordingly
"
applied for the same."
as being,
its
size, well suited to
You must inform us, [previously to our giving our orders in
which ward, and what
how many N.B.
A
fountains, and
letter,
written to Peer
street, the
house
it
Khan, the Kilaaddr of Bangalore.
as well as
to this house,
may hence
was
be inferred,
accommodate the Bukhshy with
a suitable residence, suspected the one pointed out
3 II
It
;
contains.
same information with regard
that the Sultan, however willing he might be to
this sul)jcct\
in qixestion stands
how many apartments
requiring the
on
by the
latter
himself to be too
good
SELECT LETTERS OF
418 good
for
sino^le
It also appears, that
him.
report of
Ram
the Sulian did not think proper to rely on the
Chundur, even
in so trivial a matter.
LETTER CCCLXXV. To Syed Mahommed, Kilaadar of Seringapatam ; dated 28ik TVAsAAEY.
September^
(2'Jtk
Buhauddeen and Kustoory Runga, who were sent [some time since] to Bengal, for the purpose of procuring silk-worms, are now on their reway
of Sedhout.
must ascertain from them the proper
situation in
turn [to Seringapatam'], by the
said
You
worms, and provide accordingly.
their food [leaves ofj the
wood or wild
On
their arrival,
you
which to keep the afore-
must, moreover, supply for
mulberry-trees, which were for-
The number of
merly ordered to be planted [for
this purpose].
worms brought from Bengal must
likewise be distinctly reported to us.
We desire, also, to know, in M'hat kind of place
it is
recommended
silk-
to keep
them, and what means are to be pursued for multiplying them.
There
is
a vacant spot of ground behind the old palace,
lately
used as
a Tosheh-khdnek, or store-house, which was purchased some time ago with a view to building upon situation, for the
it.
Prepare a place somewhere near that
[temporary] reception of the worms.^'^
OBSERVATIONS. When
the peculiar circumstances, under which the foregoing letter was written,,
are adverted to,
it
will,
no doubt, be allowed
to furnish a striking proof,
both of the
(1)
I
because
have here introduced the word temporary, though not authorized by the original;
we must
either conclude this to have
guilty of the absurdity of
first
silk-wormi;, and, in the next
nication he had required.
desiring to
been the
Sultayi's
meaning, or suppose him
be informed wliat was the proper situation
moment, determining upon
it,
without wailing for the
for the
commu-
TIPPOO SULTAN. the coolness and activity of the
mind.
Sttlfari.'i
419
He
was, at the date of
only deliberating on the measures to be pursued with respect to Shdnoor
ning the future operations of the war
in
which he was engaged
Burhanuddeen's army
for the safety of
;
but he was, in
Yet
general engagement with the Mahrattahs.
;
fact,
and
;
not
it,
in plan-
in providing
on the eve of a
these important and urgent
all
considerations united, were not capable of diverting his attention from any of the
minor
objects of his interest.
Thus,
in the bustle of a
and was
camp, and
in the face of
composed, to meditate on the
an enemy, he could find
leisure,
rearing of silk-worms.
This, indeed, was a very favorite, though,
unsuccessful pursuit with the Sultan establish,
no
less
sufficiently
who
;
I believe,
an
actually established, or proposed to
than twenty-one principal stations within his dominions, where
the breeding of the silk-worm was directed to be attended to with the utmost care
These
and diligence.
tions issued to the
stations are specified in
Meer
one of the sections of the instruct
Asof, or revenue department, in the year 1794.
LETTER CCCLXXVI. To BuRHANUDDEEN
We in
;
Same Date.
(^'Jth
September^
hear that, besides Holkar, another body of the enemy's force
motion towards you
:
have dispatched Gliazy Uniting
this
you must, therefore, be extremely
Khan
with four
detachment to your army, you
Kmhoons will
vigilant.
is
We
to re-inforce you.
come on [towards us]
with the utmost circumspection.
2o Meer Ali,
LETTER CCCLXXVII. Second Bvkhshy of EhsuJm at 2d ZuBURJUDY.
Your two
letters,
Baxxsalore ; dated
(\st October.^
(Extracts.) accompanied by a sample of the provisions
at Sdwundif-doorg [Sevendoorg],
3
laid in
and by an inventory of the same, have
H
2
been
SELECT LETTERS OF
420
The answer, however,
been leceived.
contained in those dispatches, to your
is
to all the long
and tedious stories^
to be found in the written
Kuchurry [department].
Peruse,
and act
instructions
in conformity with
them.
You *'
write,
"
that the Piddehs
who
wounded, from Sadd7ni/ , are without
KUaaddr
to
buy arms for them, and
by instalments, from
their pay.
let
arrived there arras."
It is
[at Sevendoorg'],
known.
Direct the
the price of the same be deducted,
This, too,
is
contained in your instruc-
tions.
After inspecting Sevendoorg, you must hasten back to Sangalore, and there apply yourself, conjointly with the First
Bukhshy [of
Elishdtn\j
Turbiyut Ali Khan, to the examination and settlement of the accounts of the several
forts,
go about singly
How
&c.
can these accounts be adjusted, while you
to the forts.
LETTER CCCLXXVIII. To Syed Mahommed, Kilaadar of Serjngapatam; dated 6th
ZvBURJUDY.
By is
(5ih October.^
the favor of the Divine Aider,
what you
related respecting
Roopa
Almighty God has always governed, and mil con-
about to take place.
tinue to govern, the seven climates('*> of the earth, by the hands of his
own
[true] worshippers.
The Nuzr of
five rupees,
which you sent on
occasion of the aforementioned omen, has been received.
(I) Original
(1*) Original
Jj^j JjLUk^ ,yi\
^j;
-°^
the geographers of the
climates, tliistcrmis, of course,
employed
East dividing the glohe into seven
to denote the earth at large.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
421
OBSERVATIONS. Tij)poo Sultan
placed great less
fuitli
well
is
in
known
to
have been extremely superstitious, and to have
dreams and omens
and Syed
;
prone to believe in them than his master.
course, an auspicious one
;
would be supposed
been in part
to have
and,
Mahommed
The omen
accordingly, fulfilled,
was, probably, no
here alluded to was, of
whatever
the prognostic,
it
was,
by the victory which had been
obtained over the Mahrattahs, only a few days before the date of the present letter,'*-
and of which we
shall
soon have occasion to take more particular notice.
LETTER CCCLXXIX. Mahommed Ushruf, Detfan
To
Date.
What
in
(5M
Khan, the Jagireddr of Adoni,
state with regard to
;
saine
Octohey.)
you mention, respecting your having advanced
rupees to Kutbuddcen
you
of Fyze-Hisar CGootv)
fifty
as
thousand
vv^ell
as
what
your having seventy tliousand rupees more ready,
your Tosheh-khdneh [or treasury], and to the dispatch of your people
[into the country], for the purpose of collecting the revenues, has afforded
us satisfaction, and meets our approbation.
You
write,
" that, owing to the want of rain,
" that there may be some delay
You must
^VTite to the
distribute grain, &c. in
in
is
to be
realizing the revenue."
Awnils of the charity.
it
several Tuahtks,
Alnn'ghty
God
and
apprehended It is
direct
will, in his
Namely,
tlic 7tii
of Zilhljjch, or 1st October.
them
to
great good-
ness and mercy, bestow the rain of his bounteousness [upon us].
(2)
known.
SELECT LETTERS OF
422
LETTER CCCLXXX. 7o Monsieur Cossigny; dated Wth Zuburjudy.
At
Poonah, notwithstanding the innumera-
this time, the rulers of
ble fiivors [for
Nizam
which they are indebted to us], uniting with the forces of
Khan, came and confronted our
Ali
power of God, we were enabled,
aid and
(lOt/i October.)
victorious army.
With the
in a single assault, to establish
our camp on the ground which they had occupied, and to give them a
Upon
signal defeat.
a
this they
took to
and we are now engaged in
flight,
close pursuit of them.
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
probable, that the action, here alluded
to,
was brought on by an attempt,
on the part of the Mahrattahs, to prevent the junction of Burhanuddeen with the
army
However
of the Sultan.
this
may have
been,
it
seems pretty
clear,
from
the words, " came and confronted our army," which occur in the foregoing brief notice of this engagement, that the Mahrattahs had advanced to meet the Sultan^
in the position which the latter had taken up near Shdnoor.
In a
addressed to the Governor of Madras, under the same date as the
letter
preceding one to affirms, *'
M.
Cossigny, and written on the same occasion, the Sultan
" that his quarrel with the Mahrattahs and the N'lzdm had arisen without
any cause
:"
that
is
to say, without
any provocation on
his part.
He
likewise
(speaking of the battle which had recently taken place) observes, " that, actuated *'
by the hope of being enabled
" would
fain
" armies "
foundation
The
sition,
:
accommodate matters with the enemy, he
have restrained his troops from attacking them
are brought to
cable."
to
but
confront each other, this
former of these assertions it
will
be
is
is
not,
difficult to give credit to
;
but that,
when two
a thing absolutely impracti-
perhaps, entirely destitute of
the
latter,
on any other suppo-
than that of his being anxious to conclude a speedy peace with the
rattahs, in order that
pnglish.
Mah-
he might be the sooner in a condition to make war upon the
This suggestion, indeed, derives considerable support from the following
TIPPOO SULTAN. iug passage
by the Sultan, soon
of a letter written
423 after settling his
differences
with the enemy.
" In the end, by the divine power and " firm faith of
Mahommed,
" our holy religion],
strength, and through the aid ot the
joined to the auspicious intercessions of the sages [of
the enemy,
after sustaining
repeated
and being
defeats,
" driven to the banks of the Kishna, implored peace of us, in the most earnest and
" humble manner.
"
I
" of Injidels.
success of the
" behevers
The
M.
to
cause
do you, reverend
case,
champions of the
to the
end that the
faith,
of
it
is
Mahommedan
contains a
inserted here
more
several others, to
whom
these that
religion
month
particular account of the
he thought
it fit
November 1786, and
of
is
my mind in
may
who pro-
is
now
intent.
prayer for the
later
than the foregoing one its
engagement
Mahommed to
flourish."
proper place), be-
in
in the dispatch to the
announce
which number was the Emperor Shah Allum. (Tth
those,
and who are the most inveterate
,
(and consequently out of
was addressed, mutatis mutandis, to
of
fixed determi-
and the destruction of the wicked un-
following letter, though dated nearly a
Cossigny,
my
and now
:
employ yourself
Sir,
immediate consequences, than that given
its
It
;
prayer [from the Minarets^
It is on the utter extirpation
" Such being the
me
chastisement and extermination
to proceed to the
is,
hibit the calling to
"
having in view the ease and security of mankind,
this,
granted them such terms as were agreeable to
" nation "
Upon
It
Baig
question, and of
French governor.
Khan Ilumdany, and
his recent successes
;
among
bears date the 9th Hydery, or
to the following eflfect.
LETTER CCCLXXXI. To
Mahommed Baig Khan Humdany
and
others;
dated 9th
(6th Noveynher^
IIi'DERY.
(Circular).
Not
long since, the ministers^') of the state of Poonah, forgetting
innumerable obligations to
ine,'^)
and joining with
tlieii
Nizajji Ali Klian, ad-
vanced (1) Original ^J}>i/)^J^ literally " transactors of business, (2) Original jlji^rij J
*'
your friend,"
or,
"
this friend."
SELECT LETTERS OF
^4
numerous train of] arvanced with a hundred thousand horse, and [a to me, spreading destruction wherever tillery, into the country belonging
Upon
they came. the
first
zam
Ali
this I
marched
to repel the aggression
proceeding, in
instance, against Adoni, a strong place in the possession of Ni-
Khan,
which
to
I laid siege.
About the same
time,
Nizum
All
for the security of his nephew, and of the females of
Khun, apprehensive
were then shut up
his late brother's [Bustilut Jung's] family, Avho fort [oi
;
Adonf], dispatched
Moghul
fyouno-est] brother,
whole army, under the
his
in the
command of
Ali Khiuijfor the purpose of removing
his
them
This army proceeded accordingly by a route leading along
from thence.
the skirts of the mountains, which served to cover their march.
In this
manner they reached Adoni [in safety], and taking from thence Mohabut Jung(3) and the women, hastened with them, night and day,^^> and [as before] under the protection of the mountains, to
Hyderabad.
the fuo-itives to the banks of the Tunghnddra
much
and of
cattle falling,
Adoni was I
next
;
marched
chastise
to
gether with the forces
of
on
of their baggage fort
of Pooiiah, who,
to-
people.
this occasion.
the ministers
Nizam
pursued
The
by the way, into the hands of
likewise captured
my
I
Ali Khan,(*> had established themselves
(3) Molifibut
Jung,
Rachoor constituted death of the
liis
called also
Daia Jah, was
appenage, which on
latter, iiowever,
the
Nizam
his
the son of Busalut Jung,
^doni and
death passed to Mohahiit Jung.
did not think proper to confirm his son,
Upon the GhQiam
whole of his inheritance, but confined him to the possession of Jiac/iooi: of Ghiiliim Husain Khan, in \196, against the government of rebellion open This led to the be hereafter continued beyond the present volume, it will should Hyderabad. If this work appear how much this rebellion was secretly fostered by Tippoo, notwithstanding his being
Husain Khiin,
in the
GhOlam IIGsain was, however, after standing a siege in then at peace with the NizSm. an English detachment, under the command of the lute the end, by in compelled, Rachoor, Lieutenant Colonel Dahymple, of the Madras Establishment, to surrender that place, and to throw himself (4)
Orin-inal
upon the clemency of
»_^\-i which
strictly
his great uncle.
means "
all
the night."
He Sultan has here fallen into one of those self-contradictions, so usual with him. proceeded rcXicH /Idoni, had to the oi Nizam the of whole zxmy had just before said, that the (5)
The
after
TIPPOO SULTAN. my
dra with
On
[or near] Shdnoor.
selvesC') at
whole army and
425
artillery
and proceeding with
in boats,
On
rapidity against the enemy, suddenly appeared before them.
Zilhijjeh [1st October 17^6] an
my
troops could
come
leaving their
camp
engagement ensued.
infidels to the
the 7th
Before, however,
to close action with them,^''^ the fire
numbers of the
sent such
Tunghhu-
this occasion I crossetl the
from our guns
abode of perdition [or
hell], that
standing, and abandoning great part of their baggage,
they took the road of
Shd)ioor became, in consequence, an [easy]
flight.
Please God, the Aider, I shall again apply myself, after the
conquest.
AH
celebration of the Mohiirrum, to the chastisement of the enemy.
these particulars have been communicated to give delight to your odorife-
rous [noble] mind.
The
following passage from the Sulfaris
Memoirs
will
be Found to contain some
further particulars, respecting his operations against the Mahrattalis at the present period.
It
is
in
immediate continuation of the extract formerly given under Letter
CCCXLIX. " Having, "
in this
manner, put the enemy to
in the afternoon [of the
" former ground. suing
*'
"
my
coss, of
On
the following day
moved, coss in
at three o'clock
advance of
proceeded three coss farther a position
on
this side,
;
my
and, pur.
and within one
Shdnoor.
nitely stated to
had returned
have been
In
Ijotli
"By
I
to Ilj^dcrabaJ.
at Shdnoor, to
in that interval.
which point
Here the Nizam tlicy
s
forces are indefi-
could hardly have advanced from
cases, his evident object
was
to niagnify the
number of
enemies.
(6) Original *'
I
march, on the third took up
after effecting wliich tbey
Ills
I
same day], and encamped three
3
Hyderabad
flight,
,V"rM
.'
J'
>^
'^^-^
" "
''°
'^'^ fixed their
miserable equipage,"
"
taken up
their wretclied quarters." (7)
Original 0^
*X-^ ^U- ^ ^.JU^ jl^ jjiA
" sword aud bayonet."
literally,
**
the business had not yet arrived at
426 •
SELECT LETTERS OF
By
"
movement, the death-devoted Mahrattalis, who, favored by the Ski-
this
" noor-man/"^ had estabhshed themselves behind
"
Shdnoor, were placed in the situation of an
*'
whose own
feet
may be
said to conduct
it
which passes
a stream
ill-fated
to its
doom
bird, ;
<''
close to
caught in a snare,
the fact being, that
" Shdnoor [where they had voluntarily cooped themselves up] did actually prove " such a snare to them.
"
being an established rule under
It
" cover
camp with
its
batteries,*'"
I,
my
government, for every Kushoon''°^ to
in pursuance of this system, caused en-
" trenchments to be thrown up around and in front of
" Having done
"
allotting
of
my
ing, besides six
" and
proceeded to attack the enemy,'"' with which view, after
I
lines
and camp,
irregular cavalry,
I
''
across the river.
*'
upon the enemy's was
Ehshdm
command
placed under the
third,
I
my army
formed the remainder of
for the
(consist-
Kushoons of regular infantry, of [a considerable force in] regular
"
"
position near Shdnoor.
two Kiishoons of regular, and ten thousand Ehshdm infantry,
" protection "
this,
my
Another left
troops,'"^ &c.) into four divisions,
of
Mah
division,
flank
while
;
A
to attack their right.
Mirza Khan/'*'
whom
one of which
I directed to
charge
conducted by Burhanuddeen, was to
Meer Moaayenuddecn,
at the
fourth division'"' was led
fall
head of the
by myself. " Every
(8)
Meaning
(9) I
original,
some measure, from the letter, though, I trust, not accortiiug to which the bird's own feet arc made to conduct
where
its
destiny
proved a kitchen, or,
in
spirit,
my
of
*<«=^
to the kitclicn
to liave
Hukeem Khan.
have been obliged to depart,
from the it
AbdCil
in
is
obvious.
In like manner, Shdnoor
is
represented
other words, a slaughter-house, to which their
own
steps
had led the Malirattahs. (10)
That
is,
(U) This
as I suppose, xchen
is tlie
word employed
Marchhig on actual
in the original,
service, or in
by which probably
time of war. is
meant
field-redoubts
or entrenchments.
(12) This account
is
at variance with that given
*f Madras, and referred (13)
No number
(14)
1
suppose
is
to under Letter
(!
o)
Governor
here specified.
this to
be the same person to
whom
Letter
CXIX
is
addressed.
I
am
MoaayenGddeen but conclude, that neither of them when Scringapatam was captured, their names not appearing among commanders who survived that evcpt.
living at
those of the
in his letter to the
CCCLXXX,
ignorant of his fate, as well as that of
was
by the Sultan
tlie
;
period
Forming, probably, the principal attack.
''
TIPPOO SULTAK. " Every thing being
thus ])reparcd, and the third
" Shdtioor being dark and " troops in motion
42/
and therefore
rainy,
enemy's position.
for the assault of the
" the two armies not exceeding
a
[or
co.ss
f\ivorabIe to
my
after
niii^ht
arrival
my purpose, The
put
I
at
my
distance between
two miles], the advanced picquets of
" each were posted close to one another. Upon my reaching those of the enemy, " the latter, to the amount of about two hundred horse, came forward, and " demanding who we were, and what we wanted, forbad our advancing.
I
"
myself, at this time, in front of the
ques-
"
tions
"
still nearer''"'
no one presuming to reply without
" pany
of
my
and repeated
to us,
instantly discharged
"
victorious
"
I
Upon
their enquiries.
this I directed a
when
''"
ivith Jire
com-
a volley
was
to their
Of
hell.
the
while others of the infidels were
own camp,
prisoners.
followed the fugitives signal
by
till I
approached very near their camp, when
gun'"' for the other three divisions of the
To
with speed [to their respective attacks].
" being **
authority, those scorpions advanced
army, which sent numbers of the said scorpions to
" [appointed] •*
tliese
amongst the scorpions by the foremost company of the
" remainder, some escaped
" made
my
advanced guard to reply to them
"
To
column thus challenged.
was
given,
I
army
)iiy
w ay
enemy's camp
to the
;
"•
repeated the signal to the three other divisions, which was
*'
of the commanders, but
" these circumstances, " the enemy] should
I
slip
still
no notice was taken of
became apprehensive through
my hands 3
^x<\j;jji\ JcjJi
where
I
:
lest
''**
(18)
There
is
tlicrc is that
is
I
on reaching which
I
now answered by one
by the other two.
Under
the opportunity [of attacking
exclaiming, therefore, Allah-ydr
'
[or,
kind of play upon the words
t//l)-«i''<
was very fond.
^^Ijl
some
ditiicully in undcrstandinp; liow a signal h)'
fusion of a night attack, could be distinguislied from
(19) This
it
failure.
2
(scorpions) and Ukrahtur (iieaier) of which the Sultan
Original
to advance
concluded they must have encountered some [unforeseen obstacle,
" continued, nevertheless,
(n)
made the
however, no answer
this signal,
such as a] river or mirey road, which had occasioned their present
(16) Original
I
any
gun, mado during the con-
otiicr liring of
nearly literal, the original being jj,-^ il:..^Jj1 u:^j
<»^
cannon.
SELECT LETTERS OP
428 "
[or,
God
our friend
is
" opened upon them
I
!]
rushed forward into the
[brisk]
a
from
fire
my
camp
Soon
artillery.'*"'
after
had thus
I
" penetrated into the enemy's camp, the commanders of two of the other " likewise arrived "
It
there, at the points respectively assigned to
was just day-break when
I
" had only about three hundred Jyshe and " however, joined by "
kites
and crows
;
The
others.
camp
entered the
a single
divisions
them.
of the infidels, at which time I
gun with me.
flight of the
and
of the infidels,
I
was soon
after,
unbelievers resembled that of
and, after some time, they stood viewing from the summits
" of the distant eminences, the plunder of their deserted camp. "
An
hour and a half
after the victorious
" enemy's camp, the fourth
" army of Holkar, " About nine
" bling
like so
vicinity of Shdnoor,
o'clock in the forenoon, the
many
gnats and
" cannonade from
six
" throw away
ammunition
their
had
fallen
possession of the
Mah
upon and routed
advanced towards
flies,
;
commencing,
pieces of artillery.
" approached extremely near
in this
On my
:
and drew up, as
us,
same time,
at the part, I
forbad
this manoeuvre, was, to
"
pieces with
"
to us,
the infidels believe that
when, suddenly opening a heavy
The
all
make
This notion would encourage them
" foresaw.
infidels
them completely
came
four divisions of the
" agreeably to
my
a distant
people to
ni\'
close
up
fire
object, in
had none but short
I
when he
first
thought] to draw nearer
[I
It
to our line, in the
happened exactly
as I
manner of crows; when
their long guns together, gave
instructions, such a general discharge, as instantly
must have been when he had collected the whole of entered the enemy's
field
upon them from our long guns, we
to the route.
army opening
My
them,
made them *'
(20) This
as
and, even in this case, they were ordered to dis-
"
sure to put
with
upon such of the enemy
charge only a single shot at a time, and that very deliberately.
" should be
if
manner, directing that the short light guns
*'
"
tlie
whole of the unbelievers, re-assem-
to the dift'erent divisions should alone fire
me.
Mirza Khan,
likewise joined me.
" an intention of oflering us battle
" attached
under the the command of
division,
" which, proceeding from the
army had taken
disperse
his division together, as
camp he had only one gun with
liim.
TIPPOO SULTAN. "
disperse on
and
all sides,
429 same crows,
a flock of the
flv in dospair/-'^ like
in the
" midst of which a stone has been thrown. " In
"
this action
tlie
enemy
lost
about two thousand horse and three elephants,
" killed by cannon shot: great numbers of their people, horse and
* speeded on
"
The remainder
this occasion to hell. '"
of
tlicir
army, turning their
where they again
faces to flight, retreated to the distance of four or five cnss,
encamped.
*'
" where
'•'
I
this
I
my
also shifted
" the purpose
camp, and took up a
of celebrating
it
" whole of the Behropeahs
*'
had moved river
new
to a
on their
being at hand,
I
lialted
so,
I
Kushoons, and throwing
my
The moment
the
when they
again halted.
fled,
tiie
^bjj
X' j.i ^Jci']^ ij}
tor ihougli
:
ui-^wJ
"
L::-vij
^
i-S^- l!Jo-j ilj
biting the
without
In the meanwhile,
"
with
with the
movement, they withdrew what troops they had placed in
fighting, to the distance of six CO**,
bear u lueiai translation
for
prepared the
my army
and then, taking the SMnoor-mdin along with them,
(21) Oiigin:il
Upon
flank.
left
advanced against the enen)y.
I
position, near
two or three days,
and having accordingly done
;
At
fresh j)osition directly in their front.
in front of the difTerent
" right flank upon Slidnoor,
" Shdnoor,
[entrenched] camp,
For- this purpose, drawing up
for action.
infidels perceived this
my
could ascertain where the infidels were.
that they
festival of Zilhijjeh
" following day
"
army, returned to
where they were encamped, with the
" Here, the
"
till I
received intelligence,
S/idiioor,
"
wliole
continued two days,
I
" length
my
with
also,
I
likewise
foot,
Ji.«
back of the hand"
I
would
wliich
common
a
is
encamped
natives of India, to denote despair or tiisappointaieiit, the expression
not
action
would not so
well apply to a flock of crows.
Though
(22)
cstablisiics tiiat i\\c
the SulUtii has not given the da'c of this action, the context sufficiently tiie
lih Ztlhijjth, A.M.
(23) Original
" "
v as
it
low." hell,"
Ill
last
or
I.'OO,
^JjUl
this
one referred
Ji-j\
sense
1st
"
whom
the meanest of the
sometimes employed
according to Mr. Gilchrist, the
period, and one to
CCCLXXXI,
as iiaving taken place
on
October 1786.
literally,
it is
to in Letter
first
to
mean," or " the lowest of the
denote
hell,
or
"
Hindoostany jjhilologer of
the lowest
this or
i)it
of
any other
the students of that language arc under similar obligations, to those
which the Persian scholar owes
to the oriental labors of Sir
William Jones and of
Sir
John
Richardson. (24)
I
am
not clear with respect to the meaning of this word (supposing
written), but think
it
likely that
it
may
be another term
for
it
to
be correctly
Bandars, or rockct-nicu.
SELECT LETTERS
430 "
I
'•'
encamped near the grouucl which
OP
enemy
tlic
liad occupied, still covering
my
right flank with Shdnoor.
"
was on
It
this occasion that the destitute chief of that place,
who had allowed
" himself to be seduced [from his allegiance to me] by the insidious representa-
" tions of the Mahrattahs, experienced the nature of the protection he had " expect from these perfidious
friends, to
" wether with
effects.
his family
and part,
" carried off some of the
women
clothes than those five
" the same " After
lately
removed, to-
the latter of these he was
now openly who even
the Mahrattah army,
The
belonging to him.
next day, this senseless
with what remained of his property and women, and with
creature,'"^ together
" no other " o-uard of
Of
by the people of
" plundered of the chief
"
whose camp he had
which they wore
thousand horse, to Mirich.
at the time,
was sent
The Mahrattahs
off,
under a
themselves made, at
'•"' time, two or three successive marches [in a retrograde direction].
this,
breaking up
my
camji at SMnoor, and leaving a small garrison in
"
that city, I proceeded to the [adjacent] town of Bunkapoor, near which
*'
encamped during the
"
the mournful ceremonies of the season.
first
fourteen days of
Muhurrum, performing at Here
" Hydery army presented me with three Nuzrs " of the prince -"' Nizam uddcen another, for my ;
" account of the Eed "
It
" the
was
at this
infidels,
" pursuance of
:
I
came
this design, I sent a
{25} Original
late victory
;
and the
to the determination of
on
communicating with
spies, to
person of
respectability,''*'
my
mind.
In
accompanied by one
Tukojee Holkar, who had the reputation of being « the
line of their retreat is not indicated.
As, however, they subsequently ap-
peared in the quarter of it is probable that they retired in that direction. >jlj ili
That
is,
" king's son."
Sulkai's so plainly laying claim to the royal
(2S) Original
third,
JiuJ^jjJi*-*
The exact
Original
this place
one on occasion of the birth
Kopul, wlicre another engagement took place between
{21)
lay
(or festival).
time that
my
I
commanders of the
also the
on certain points which had suggested themselves to
" of the chief of
(26)
to
i^o\ ^>ij«
title.
This,
I
believe,
is
the
first
the
two armies,
instance of the
T1 " the most " message "
'
valiant
among
O
P PO
U LT A
S
N.
43 1
whom
the infidels; and to
directed
I
to be delivered.
Nizam
Ali
Khan,
whom,
to
if
he had been here,
should have addressed
I
"
'
myself,
'*
'
'
should we any longer suffer hundreds of thousands of
"
'
'
wounded
"
'
'
is
not present.
in battle
What
?
reason
It is for this
is
send to you to say,
I
most desirable
that
is,
****** *****#
sequel of this
men
'
wherefore
to be killed
you and
I
should draw
lines
"
curious and interesting passage
is
unfortunately wanting,
in
two
My re-
having, as already alluded to in the Preface, been torn out at this place. collection of
and
"
up our respective armies
The
the following
what followed the words with which the preceding extracts ends,
enables me, however, to state generally, that the message in question convej-ed sucIj
another challenge to Tukojee Holkar, as that which was sent by the Sidfan (according to his o\vn account) to General Macleod, during the siege of Mangalore,
in
1783, and of which a translation has been given by Colonel Wilks, in the Intro-
The two
duction to his valuable History of Mysore.
armies were to be drawn up
opposite to each other, for the purpose of witnessing the combat ever, they were,
contending
on no account,
states
set
it
;
was not the custom of
in
which, how-
questions in dispute between the result of the battle;
that
was to accede to such pretensions, or demands,
up by the
the proposal with derision
"
The
were to be decided according to the
to say, the vanquished party
been previously
to interfere.
;
adversary.
had
Holkar, as might be expected, treated
observing, on the occasion
(among other
things),
his nation to refer their claims to the issue
" engagement, but, on the contrary, to attack and " the nature of circumstances required."
as
is
Such
is
retreat, retire
" that
of a single
and advance,
the substance of what
I
as
remem-
ber of this singular occurrence, as related by the Sultan himself: the deficiency in
my
account of which will,
Wilks, from the Sdltdn
which
is
it
ilt
may
be hoped, be supplied
Tuivdreekh, referred to
are other copies of the Sultatis
At
all
Memoirs
due season by Colonel
by him
very likely to have recorded the transaction in
similar bravado already noticed.
in
in his
Prtface,
question, as well
events, there can be
little
and
as the
doubt, that there
in existence, besides the mutilated
one in
my
SELFXT LETTERS OF
432
my possession.
In the case here supposed,
that this curious
document
a
may
still
be reasonably presumed,
future period, be offered to the public, in
some
and connected form, than that in which
have judged
it
have not, at this moment, the means of ascertaining what credit
is
more
perfect
to exhibit I
will, at
it
it
in the present
I
work.
Sultans account of the treatment experienced by Abdul hands of
his
ported, in
and bad writer
allies.
The
faith.
It
is,
at the
due
to the
Hukeem Khan
at the
probability of the fact
some degree, by the general character of
may
The
Mahrattah
convenient
same time, very
is,
no doubt, sup-
that people for rapaciousness
possible, that the prejudices of the
have betrayed him into some exaggeration on the occasion.
Sultan would not seem, even by his
own
narrative, to have followed
up the
advantage which he states himself to have obtained over the Mahrattahs at Shdnoor, either with the celerity or the vigour
which might have been expected.
Besides
the delay occasioned by the celebration of the festival of ZUhijJeh, he remained stationary during a great part of the ensuing month, for the purpose of fultilling
Though not acknowledged,
the customary rules of the 3Idhurrum. theless, not unlikely, that
may have
stition,
tendency to
enemy,
damp
to recover
led
some other
from the
never-
considerations, as well as those of super-
to this extraordinary inactivity
the zeal of his
it is,
own army,
;
which,
at least afforded
if it
had not a
time to that of the
effects of their recent discomfiture.
LETTER CCCLXXXII. To Meeb, Ali, Second Bukhsuy of Ehsiiam ISfh ZuBURJunY.
Your
going about to the
forts
at
JBaxgalore ; dated
(17 th Octohcr.^
by yourself, and your investigating the
accounts of the same, without being accompanied by the is
not proper.
of that liim,
fort,
Repair to Bangalore, and after proceed with the
first
first JBuk/ishj/,
finally settling the
accounts
Bukhshi/, and in conjunction with
examine minutely into those of the other places [within your juris-
diction].
N. B.
Several
oo
TIPPOO SULTAN. N. B. Several
letters
Nuzrs transmitted
of
Mahrattahs.
appear at this period, acknowledging the Sultan's receipt
him,
to
compliment
in
to
In one of these, addressed to Rajah
Bangalore, he approves of that occasion,
and
desires
43."
him
recent victory over
Ram Chundur,
the
the Dentin of
having distributed sweet-meats on that
officer s
to do the
his
same thing
in future.
LETTER CCCLXXXIII. To BuDRLZ
Do
ZuMAN Khan
you remain on
who
wretches
dated 23d Zubuujudy.
follows here an order to
in his
Budruz Zuman Khan, directing him spot, situated in a part
government (but the name of which
where the Sultan seems
I
proximity to the frontier of the Kukun.
is
army proposing
am
Indeed
it is
to
of the country unable to
been desirous of erecting a
to have
possessing great natural strength, the position was further
route for an
8fc.
to the effectual chastisement of the turbulent
examine and make a report on a certain
out),
Ocioher.')
infest those parts,
N. B. There
comprehended
(22d
borders of Soandeh, Kittoor, Dharivdr,
tlie
and there apply yourself
;
fort.
make
Besides
recommended by
its
intimated to be the proper
to penetrate into that country.
Budruz Zuman Khan
accordingly instructed to procure and transmit to his master, the fullest informa-
tion in his
This
power on the
letter
subject.
then proceeds as follows
Demolish the
fort
:
of Kittoor.
Seize upon the
country, and incorporate them with the Ahmedies
mans of them]. to the
Write
Polygar of
letters
Name
not legible.
[/. e.
of peace [or amity], in the ,('^
3
(1)
disturbers
of the
make Musulfirst
instance,
and afterwards, sending a person of
K
respectability
SELECT LETTERS OF
434 respectability
Having done
this,
there are in the
You
thither.
ject]
;
bring him over to the interests of the Sircar.
him,
to
you must ascertain [through him] what strong
Kokun, and what
occur in the road leading
villages
are to be very particular in your enquiries [on this sub-
and you are
You
to keep the matter quite secret.
make your communications
to
forts
to
us,
regarding
it,
arc, moreover,
in the Persian lan-
guage.^^^
OBSERVATIONS. Whether Budruz Zuman Khan joined Bluhanuddeen, and was now sent back along, continued there,
of his not being
I
am
named by
army
the Sultan's
to his
at the
same time with
government; or whether he had,
The
unable to determine. the Sultan, in the
latter's
all
circumstance, however,
account of the battle of
Shdnoor, strongly indicates, that he did not participate in the honors of that day,
he had been present,
since, if
it is
most probable that he would have had a conspi-
cuous station assigned to him on the occasion.
Kumruddcen Khin was
at this period
:
but as
it
been employed on a separate command, some appeared in the collection,
upon the Sultan is,
it
is
most
am
I
may be presumed,
would have
he had remained in attendance
There
indeed, reason to believe, that although he was occasionally placed at the head
much
trusted
by the Sultan, who appears
entertained no very favorable opinion of his talents.
is
he had
since the time of his return from the siege of Nergilnd.
of an army, he was never
in
that, if
letters to his address
likely, that
where
equally ignorant,
some minutes of
a consultation, dated in 179-*} i"
pretty plainly insinuated
appears, by this
(2) It
persons,
who were
language.
This
is
tlic
have
particularly evinced
which the Meers incapacity
by the majority of the subscribing
and other passages of
to
counsellors.
correspondence,
that even
tliosc
capable of writing Persian, did not always address the Sultan in that
TIPPOO SULTAN.
435
LETTER CCCLXXXIV. 7b MoN'SiEun CossiGNY
The
;
dated 24fh Zvdurjvdy.
(23d October.^
persons to be dispatched to Europe have been fixed on by
and
Preseiice,
will accordingly
When
Pondicherry].
Europe,
along with
soon proceed from hence, and arrive
they arrive
M.
t/ie
Perron,<'^
[there],
\jxi
you must send them to
who [we understand]
is
about to
repair thither.
LETTER CCCLXXXV. To Syed Ahmed Saheb, Boodhun Shah, Nubby Shah, KuleemVJLLAH Shah, and others (Peer-zadehs or Devotees)
SuAXOOR, 24(h ZuBURJUDY. £^//
By
the blessing of
God and
o/"
;
dated from
(23d October.^ the
same
tenor.~\
the aid of the Prophet, the forces of the
accursed having experienced a signal defeat and chastisement, have turned their faces to flight, leaving the troops of Islam victorious over the ene-
mies of the
faith.
Thus has the arnjy of the accursed
infidels
been
trodden under foot by the hoofs of the horses of Islam, and rendered
and miserable
;
while the religion of
Mahommed
has been thereby
vile
made
to flourish.
You,
Sir, are
apply, with
all
one of the elders [of the
Tliough
Monneron.
this
will
therefore
of administering to the support of Islam.
3 (1)
and
your heart, to the best means of advancing the religion of
Mahommed, and
for
faith],
name
is
K
2
very disiinctly written,
I
am
inclined to think
tliat it
was meant
436
SELECT LETTERS OF
N. B. Here follows an inventory addressed;
by which
of the presents, respectively, sent to the persons
would appear, that the highest
it
in the Sultan's estimation
Boodhun Shah and Nubby Shah.
wei-e
LETTER CCCLXXXVI. MOHYUDDEEN AlI KhaN, DeIVAN of KuiiPAH, ChISHTY-YAR Khan, Rajah Ram Chundur, Nursia, and others; dated from
To
Shaxoor, 26th ZuBURJUDY.
(25th October.^
(Circular.)
A Paper,
containing the Khiithah [or form of prayer to be read in
the mosques],
is
Give
enclosed.
strict orders to
the Khdtihs [or reciters
of the KhutbaH\ belonging to your Kuchurry, to recite the Khiitbdh regularly, after the praises
of
God and
the Prophet, according to the
accompanying form.
OBSERVATIONS. The form that If
it
of prayer here referred to does not appear
appointed the Sultan's
such was the case,
it
own name to be
may be presumed,
;
but
it
is
substituted in place of
that, although
tliis
most probable,
Shah Allum's.
measure seems to
have been determined on by Tippoo, so far back as July 1786,'" he had not hitherto carried
it
into effect
Being now elated with
his
;
at least not
throughout the whole of his dominions.
recent successes
against the Mahrattahs,
he might,
perhaps, think the occasion peculiarly favorable to the complete and final execution of his purpose.
(1)
See Letter
CCCXXXI.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
43/
LETTER CCCLXXXVII. To the SHANOOR-Man
e.
(J.
Abdul Hukeem Khan)
;
same Date.
(25th October.^
Your
intention of
coming [hither] has been verbally communicated
Kurecm Khan, and
us by
the account has afforded us pleasure
:
to
notwith-
standing, the ungracious proceeding^) of which you have [recently] been guilty
My
is
such, as I could never have imagined to be possible.
friendly disposition towards
with a confident mind.
fore,
The remaining
you
still
continues
The house and
particulars will be imparted to
:
It is well.
repair hither, there-
place are both yours.(->
you by the bearer of
this
letter.
OBSERVATIONS. Whatever message Abdul Hukeem Khan may have cult to believe, after
sent to the Sultan,
what had passed, that he should have entertained a
intention of putting himself again in the
power of the
latter.
have been disappointed in his expectations from the Mahrattahs
knew
the Sultan too well, to hope for any better treatment, in
return to Shdnoor. till
it is
Be
this as it
might,
it is
certain that
He ;
diffi-
serious
may, indeed,
but he probably the event of his
he did not return thither
the conclusion of the war.
(1)
Original
(2)
This
is
however, be
j^.I
tlie
usual answer giving to a person proposing to visit another.
uii(Jcistood,
and was, perhaps, meant
in
a
literal sense.
It
may
here,
SELECT LETTERS OP
43»
LETTER CCCLXXXVIII/'^ To R.C JAH
Ram Chukdur
Directing him
;
dated 1st Hydeiiy.
(29tk October.
to issue strict orders to the different
Aumits within his
jurisdiction, to enroll [or impress] all such Piadehs^^^ in the dress [or
might be found concealed
")[
and Coolies
as
under the disguise] of peasants.
OBSERVATIONS. This
would seem
letter
government
to press
(a
fighting
men,
this
it
was not unusual with Tippoo Sultan's
into the public service,
not only labourers and carriers of
custom, by the bye, very generally obtaining throughout India}, but also
burdens
from
to show, that
for the
purpose of recruiting the army.
It
might likewise be inferred
document, that neither of the oppressive practices
affect the
real peasant.
I
conclusions would be correct
am, ;
nevertheless,
doubtful,
and am, indeed, rather led
was
liable to
far either
of these
in question
how
from various
to think,
passages in the correspondence, that there was no period of the Sultans reign, in
which the peasantry,
or
exempt from compulsory
Ryots
(as
they are called in the original), were bond Jide
service, as laborers or artizans.
It
is,
on the other
haivd,
not impossible, that the present order for impressing soldiers might be no more
than a temporary expedient, suggested by the exigencies of the war rate,
it
would appear to have extended only
to such persons as
:
and, at any
had formerly borne
arms, but were become, from whatever motives, averse to the resumption of them.
LETTER CCCLXXXIX. To
the JBvKiisuY of
Directing him raised the
head of
Ehsham at Gooty ;
same Date.
(29th October^
to chastise the turbulent [or seditious] wherever they revolt
;
and after making them prisoners,
to place
those (1)
This leUer
is
preceded in the original by two others,
dated 29th Zuburjudy (or 2Sth
Octtbei) addressed to two Pcer-xddchs, or devotees, and requiring, in prayers lor the destruction of (2)
That
is,
"
tlie
usual term?, their
the rejecteU infidels" and the prosperity of Islam.
Peons, or foot soldiers, of the irregular classes.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
439
and
those under age [or of tender years] in the Ahmechj band,
to
han^
the remainder.
LETTER CCCXC. To Rajah
What
Ram
Cjiundur; dated 4th Hydery.
you have represented, regaiding the
flight
November^
(\st
of the Ryots belong-
ing to the district of Great Balapoor, on account of
tlie
increase of six
or seven thousand pagodas produced in the revenue, in consequence of
our having fixed the exchange of the royal pagoda^^^ at twelve Cantarai
fanams, together with the excuse which you have on the
occasion,*^^^ is
Where
understood.
is
the hardship or difficulty in a
JRi/ot
[or renter, having] to pay an additional
rent,
which
is
the most that can
[complained of]
is
divided
among
fall
offered for the Ri/ots
upon the
the whole
fanam
or two upon his
individual,
when
the tax
?
LETTER CCCXCI. To MoHYUDDEEN Ali Khan, Deti'As of
Hydery.
Your men] view.
letter,
(
1
(2)
(Ath November.^
house and gardens, has passed under our
Bdnddrs are entertained
services
dated ^ III
praying to be allowed the use of ten Bdnddrs [rocket-
for the services of your
for fighting,
You must employ
and gardens.
KuRPAH ;
not for looking after houses
the Piddehs stationed with you in the
you mention.
Original
>lJ,j\j
This passage
is
.
j»
by whicli was probably meant the
rather obscure iu the original.
S'iiltdny
pagoda.
SELECT LETTERS OF
.440
LETTER CCCXCII. Meer Moaayenuddeen Khan
To
Send and
;
same Date.
(4th November!)
station the bullocks belonging to the great guns,
those attached to your
own
drivers, into the rear of
our special tents [or of the head -quarters],
a spot abound-
is
ing in grass, which will afford the cattle [good] pasturage. friend's present situation, there
Here
into
it
is
at
good condition.
them
also
Kiishoon, together with their Ddroglias and
where, at the extremity of the army encampment, there
tance.
and
hand
;
When
is
no grass but what
by which means the
is
In that
at a great dis-
cattle will [soon] get
you march again, or
if
you should want
any particular purpose, you can send and order them to rejoin
for
you.
N.B.
A
similar order appears to have been addressed, at the
Burlianuddeen
and reported
;
but afterwards revoked, in consequence of
to the Sultan, that the situation occupied
its
same time,
to
being ascertained
by Biirhanuddeen afforded
sufficient pasturage for the cattle of his division.
LETTER To
Mahommed Ushruf
Your seded
letter,
Aumil
;
CCCXCIII.
dated 9tk HyderyS^^
(6th November.)
enclosing a statement of the demands against the super-
of
Siimi'putn,^'^^
has been received,
acquainted with the particulars of his embezzlements. the Sircar upon the aforesaid
Aumil and
and has made us
Let the claims of
others be realized, by
means of
flogging. (1)
Two
letters of the
same date with
this
arc omitted,
it
being sufficient to mention, that
one of them directs some elephants belonging to Abdftl HQkeem Khan, and which had been seized at Shdnoor, to be sent to the Sultan's camp, and the remainder to Seringapatam. The other letter announces the abandonment of the intended embassy to Fegu. (2) Bulhdrx/.
TIPPOO SrLTAN.
441
LETTER CCCXCIV. To Zynui- Aabideen, Taal6kdar of GvlsuumAbad
;
same Date.
(6th N^ovemhcr.^
(Extract.) In compliance with your application for an order Khan-Khanhullt/, to furnish you with two more iron
boilers/'^
represent to be necessary, on account of the increase in the
horses under your charge, site letter to
we have
boilers in question must,
whom
however, be imid
of
which you
number of
and now enclose, the requi-
written,
the aforesaid Aumil, to
Aumil
to the
you
for, at
will
forward
it.
The
the time of their being
delivered to your people.
OBSERVATIONS. There appears to have been a great iroti-foundery and manufactory established
Khan-Khanhully ,^^^ the business of which was, and
some
for the exclusive benefit of, the Sultaris
difficulty in
and ybr
understanding
why
an
article,
I
believe,
conducted on account,
government. purchased, in
his service, should be actually paid for in
There fact,
is,
no doubt,
of the Sultan,
money, when a simple order to
the directors of the works to furnish such articles, would apparently have answered
A
the purpose as well.
similar practice, however, seems to have prevailed in other
departments of the government
;
and the object of
it
might possibly have been
to
preserve the accounts of the proceeds or profits of the monopolies in question, as distinctly as possible.
3
(1)
Used
in boiling the
(2) Usually written
Gram
(a
Kan-Kanelly.
L
kind of horse bean) with wbicli horses are fed in India.
SELECT LETTERS OF
442
LETTER CCCXCV. To SooJAN Rae a«c/MoAL Chund, Agents
at
Dehli ; same
Date.
(6th ^ovember.^
After Baig
Mahommed CCCLXXXI),
a similar account of the battle of Shdnoor with that given to
Khan Humdany and
under the same date
others,
(see Letter
the present letter proceeds to give some immaterial orders, respecting the periodical
of the
new
notation, according to
and years of the Malabar
The
letters to
including
Of the two
Koran.
cycle,
last
^J
and of which
this is the substance.
(Idm-aliJ) and
mentioned
The powers
(humza) a quarter.
representing units (he) inclusive,
The
;
letters,
s.
foreo-oinf rule
is
;
the
c
do no great
"i,
the
in
represented a half, and
or
nine, to j (zal) inclusive,
^
;
the third series to
(ye), standing for a thousand. verses,
which are inserted here
Whether they may be
reader. I
first
inclusive, tens
conveyed in the following
specimen of the Sultans poetical talent be, they
be thirty
(humza) which occur
the former, or
(ain)
last letter,
for the gratification of the Persian
stated to
of the remaining twenty-eight letters were regu-
the next nine, to
hundreds
an explanation
which the Sultan had recently named the months
lated according to their order in the alphabet; the
i
follows
which numerical powers are assigned are
being the number,
s
Then
dispatch of Kdsids (or messengers) from Dehli.
cannot affirm
credit to their author.
c_>U^ J-L-t uJ^ (t^
;
but,
considered as a
however
this
may
TIP POO SULTAN. It
would appear by these
at least, first estabHshed,
name of Hisdb of
e Zur,
verses, that this
months and
many
as
possibly have given
it
or,
the
or the golden computation, in allusion to the circumstance letters
the case in the Ubjud scheme, as
The remainder
scheme of notation was invented,
by Tippoo Sultan, who may
being composed of the
its
443
of this letter
by
is
used in the Koran
;
which
that both Idm-alif and
is
not so exactly
humza
are rejected.
occupied by an enumeration of the names of the
years, according to the
new nomenclature.
The
former of these, and
of the latter as were deemed necessary, have been already given in ano-
ther place.
LETTER CCCXCVI. To
Mahommed UsHRUF
Your
Wth Hydery.
dated
;
(8th November.')
under our view, by which we per-
hiiinble address lias passed
ceive that you have dispatched the account [of sales] of the shops^)
belonging to the Sircar
You
write, that
to us].
[/. c.
" there
is
no JMiUusuddi/ appointed for kecj)ing the
" accounts of the Toslich-khdneh, and " **
enij)loy
that, with
a Serh/iteddi<-^ for the purpose
;
our leave, you will
otherwise, you request that
some one may be nominated and dispatched from the Presence."
known. will
find
If you will refer to your Ililk7n-nd)nch [or instructions] you it
written there,
"
that a separate
*'
accounts of the losheh-khdtieh
"
to be performed
" [or revenue
is
Mutusuddy
for keeping the
unnecessary, and that this duty
officers]."
That you should propose, notwithstanding
employ a separate Miliusuddi/, can be attributed to
no other cause than ignorance and want of understanding. insti-uctions,
is
by one of the numerous Serishteddrs of the Mukdis
this [regulation], to
your
It is
and act agreeably 3
(1)
Sec Letter XCVIII, to
('_')
Revenue accountants.
Ri'ijah
Rim
Look
to them.
L
2
Cliundur, on the subject of
tlicsC
shops.
into
SELECT LETTERS OF
444
LETTER CCCXCVII. To Rajah
Your
Ram Chunduk
letter,
;
dated I9th
Hydery.
(I6th November^
Aumil of Kunucly, on
enclosing one to you from the
the subject of the disturbances excited by the fugitive Polygar of that
What
has been received.
district,
are you
and Turbiyut Ali
Khan
about, that you do not issue the most rigid orders on this occasion, and see this business properly settled
?
LETTER CCCXCVIII. To BooDHUN Shah
;
dated
from ShJnoor, 22d Hydery.
(19 fh Noveinher.^
The names
who
of the chiefs of the enemy,
ing under the wounds inflicted upon them weese^')
and
Madho
Rao^-^
Be your
are, at this time,
"by us,
suffer-
are Balajee Phurnu-
reverence earnestly intent on [pray-
ing for] the confusion [or disgrace] of the enemy, and the splendor and increase of the true religion of
Mahommed.
LETTER CCCXCIX. To Monsieur Moneron, Fringy,
The humble
at
Poxdicherry; same Date.
address which you sent [to us] has passed under our view
and what you represented therein has been comprehended.
Your
ac-
count of passing occurrences, and of your having written, and dispatched to Eurojie,
all
particulars relating to our friendly disposition [towards the
French nation], coming
as well as your information regarding the ships of
to these parts, are all
war
made known.
You (1)
The
(2)
The Paislma.
celebrated Maliiattah minislcr,
Nana
Furnaveese, and
TIPPOO SULTAN, You
" whenever the
write
" bassy to Europe, " them *'
tliither,
station]."
shjill
with
It
em-
Sircar, selected for the
M. Cossigny
arrive at Pondicherry,
will dispatch
the respect and honor [due to their rank and
all
known.
is
chiefs of the
445
we Ma-
In conformity with the orders which
issued in your presence, and agreeaJjIy to
what you have written,
houimed Durwaish Khiln, Akbar Ali Khan,
Mahommed Othman, and
other chiefs, charged with letters and presents, have set out [for Pondichei'ry'],
where they
will [in
due time]
We
safely arrive.
have no doubt
that you will take care that the above mentioned chiefs are properly supplied with whatever they
may want, payment being made
and
that, providing in the best
will
convey them
manner
in perfect ease
for their
same
for the
accommodation, you
and comfort, along with yourself, to
Europe.
We have learned
by
letters
from Ghulam Ali Khan, Lutf Ali Khan,
NoorulUih Khan, and other Sirddrs [or chiefs] formerly sent [to Europe'],
of their safe arrival at the port of Pussorah, and of their departure
from thence
You
[in prosecution of their journey].
" that during the stormy weather which
write,
" [about
this time],
" months longer, **
the coast]
;
prevails at sea
and which may be expected to continue
for
two
ships cannot remain at their [usual] anchorage [on
but that
M. Cossigny having [some you orders
time since], with a
*'
view to
*'
good ship from the Mauritius, you should accordingly arrive from
" thence
known
:
this circumstance, given
at
Pondicherry with one by the
and we assure ourselves,
in
first
to prepare
and bring a
"^'^
of.
It is
consequence, that you are by this
time arrived at Pondicherry with a good ship.
We observe the desire you Pdjah
in
have expressed, that we would write to your
recommendation of M, Cossigny's confirmation
in
the govern-
ment (I)
The name
(April).
of the
month
is
not quite legible, but
is,
apparent! v> intended for Clwiler
SELECT LETTERS OF
446 nient of Pondicherry
;
and we have, accordingly,
in the letter
uhich we
have sent to your Hd/ah by the Sirddrs of our Sircar, not only made the request suggested by you, but have, nioicover, taken that occasion to
speak [in due commendation] of the courage and knowledge of busincss^^)
which distinguish the
We
received the copy which you sent us of
Nizam AH Khan and are become
You
said Monsieur.
known *'
write,
to the Mahrattahs,
and
M.
all
Cossigny's letters to
the particulars thereof
[to us].
that five thousand soldiers' musquets will arrive
imme-
"
diately, either at Calicut or
'*
thousand more along with yourself, when you return [to Pondicherrif]
" from the Mauritius."
TaaMkddrs of musquets you
It
Mangalore ; and
is
understood.
Calicut and 3Iangulore,
may
send,
whenever they
that you will bring five
We
directing arrive,
have written to the
them
to receive the
provided you shall have
fixed a proper [or just] price npon the same.
LETTER CCCC. To Shumsuddeen,
a}id others
Seringapatam)
;
dated
(Daroghas of
the
Tosheh-khaxeh
from Shaxoor, 22d Hydery.
at
(19th A^o-
vemher.')
(Extract.)
Your humble
address, accompanied by a statement of the quantities
of gold and silver remaining in the Tosheh-khdneh and mint, together
with an account of receipts and balances, has passed under our view.
We wrote
some time
to you,
since,^')
together, in a separate coffer, the
directing you to prepare and keep
sum
of
five lacks
of rupees, which
it
was (2) Original
^^L^li
(1) It has not
been thought necessary to
_,
about a fortnight before
ti-^L--
tlie
present one.
insert the letter here referred to,
which was w
rittcn
Tirroo SULTAN. was our intention
44]^
to appropriate to the construction of a canal [or aque-
This money was to consist of such Ilyderies,
duct] at the holy IVujuf.
half rupees, and quarter rupees, as were in the treasury or the mint, or
might come those orders
in ;
and
also direct that, having placed the
you
in a distinct coffer,
" In
words.
a lahel on the said
affix
this chest are deposited the rupees
" be appropriated "
Not a
lias
money
is
money
coffer,
now
repeat
in question
containing these
composing the Nuzr to
to the construction of an aqueduct
to the sepulchre of the holy Ali."
this
We
with the collections from the country.
single
[from the Euphrates^
Ddm
[or farthing] of
expended [for any other purpose than the one which
to be
been indicated].
OBSERVATIONS. Notwithstanding these ostensible, and, perhaps, sincerely-meant preparations executing the pious work alluded
V here
stated, that
it
to,
there
was never carried into
LETTER 7« Ghulaji
Am
Your humble
is
for
reason to believe, as has been else-
effect.
CCCCI.
Khan, Lutf Ali Khan, and Shah Noorullah same Dale. Qdth November.^
;
address was received [by us] on the 5th of Ihjdery [2d
Novendjcr] of the year Dullu.
" God, you were
well,
and
" 1200), and that you were " of the same month." (')
at
You
write,
Muscat, on the 22d of Jaufunj (A.H.
to proceed
You
" that, by the blessing of
onward
to
refer us, in the
Bussorah on the 25th
same dispatch,
'*
for
" further (1) In
Sultan
Letter
tells
CCCXCIX,
to
M. Moncron,
of the same date as the present one, the
the latter, that he had learned from GhCiliun Ali Kliun of their arrival at Bussorah.
SELECT LETTERS OF
4-18
"
furthei' particulars, to
"
lillah
5
" mitted
a separate
by a pair of Hurkdrelis, an account of your
to the Presence,
arrival at il//«cf/#, together with
"
details [of
We desire is
two other packets, containing copious
your journey and proceedings]."
Hurkdrehs have not hitherto
[which
addressed to us by Shah Noor-
and moi'eover mention, your having, some time before, trans-
"
said
letter,
you to
on
its
us
let
It is
afore-
arrived.
know what
persons you have sent by the ship
It is astonishing,
return hither].
The
known.
that notwithstanding
the written instructions [which you have received on this head], you should, instead of writing to us in detail, refer us to a letter from Nooriiilah.
It
appears by
that you never look at your instructions
this,
agreeably to the saying, " the epistles of lovers [are
"
Do not
deer's horns."(->
Shah ;
hung or placed] upon
again lose your wits in this manner, but act
according to your instructions.
You have
written,
" that Mubaruk Khan, the Jowkddr,
is
dead
;
and
" that you will, with our permission, promote Mahommed " in his room." It is understood. We have invested you with
full
according as you
may
powers
;
you should, therefore, act
in all matters
think best suited to the circumstances of the moment, and not wait for
our orders.
We have, arrival in
at this time, in consequence of the late period to
which your
Mahommed
Durwaish,
France
will be protracted, dispatched
Akbar Ali Khan, Othman Khan, and other French, for
whom
to proceed in a
Sinldrs, to the lidjah of the
they are charged with letters and presents.
French ship from Pondichernj.
This
is
They are
written for your
information.
We sorah.
These accounts seem
to
be at variance, since the
letters, referred to in
to M. Moneron, were muit probably those acknowledged above. material, and is, most probably, an error of the transcriber. (2) Original
meaning of
o>\
^li
j
this allusion.
^UiU
cjIj
Burdt
I
am
The
obliged to acknowledge
also signifies a draft, or order, for
the dis|)alch
contradiction
my
is
not
ignorance of the
money.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
449
"We have learned from report, that one of the elephants which you took
\\ith
you died on your way
to
Muscat.
It is
astonishing that you
should not have mentioned this circumstafjce.
N.B. There was added Shdnoor with that given
to the foregoing letter a similar account of the battle of
in Letter
CCCLXXXI
and others.
OBSERVATIONS. It
is
remarkable^ that although the Sultan had, at this time, dispatched another
embassy, by
France, he does not, on the present occasion, intimate any
sea, to
intention of recalling
Ghidam
Ali and his associates.
of their arrival in France as an event distant.
The
the contrary, he speaks
in his contemplation,
new embassy, though appointed and now
Pondkherry, was
likely to
actually
its
on
its
road to
be detained a considerable time at that place, and might,
a variety of accidents, be eventually altogether defeated.
take
though apparently
reason, perhaps, of his not yet revoking the mission of the latter,
was, that the
by
still
On
departure from the French presidency
LETTER Aumil
To Urshud Baig Khan,
till
In
fact,
it
did not
the middle of the year 178^.
CCCCII.
of Calicut ; dated 25lh Hybery.
(22d Novemher.')
Enclosed
is
a
letter
which we have received from Gopa, the Aumil
of Koorumndd, relating to the depredations of the robbers and highway-
men [who
infest that district].
Such of the authors
of^'^
Peruse the same, and
settle the business.
[or principle actors in] these flagitious pro-
ceedings as have been already killed, are killed.
But why should the
remainder of them, on being made prisoners, be put to death is this.
larly dispatched to
SeringapatamP^^
3 CJ,!^ j oLj ibU
^iCi-J
(2) Original
\ji\^ ^ jji^
JS^ ^
Their
Let the dogs, both hluck and white, be regu-
proper punishment
(1) Original
?
M
SELECT LETTERS OP
450
OBSERVATIONS. As we may be
pretty certain, that
it
was not the object of the present order
extend any lenity to the offenders in question, sort of is
punishment was intended
for
it
them upon
equally difficult to explain, what the Sultan
meant by black and
to
me
on the coast of Malabar being alluded
to
by the
fact
;
which
black as any other people in India
:
latter
is,
is,
it
must be
that the Christians in question are as
so that, if they were in the contemplation of
way
of meto-
or as another designation for Nazarenes or Christians.
LETTER To
dogs
by the wldte dogs, he
the Sultan, he must have employed the words " white dogs " in the
nymy,
ivhite
It
term) would not seem
This supposition
could intend the native Christians of Malabar ?
owned, opposed by a strong
what
(namely, that of the European
Is it possible that,
to be admissible in the present instance.
to guess
their arrival at Seringapatam.
which occurs
since the solution of the matter settlers
would not be easy
to
Mahomme©
Eesau,
Aumil
Hydery.
The
CCCCIII.
of
UfzvlJbJd Nvgr
[i. e.
dated 2'Jth
(24/h November.')
account of the cardamum reaping
[some time since] gave
;
made over
is
fully understood.
to] you a
When we
[numerous] body of
the sect of Shaiklis, and others, our intention, in that measure, was purely this cultivation,
:
that lands should be assigned to the people in question for
and that the business of the cardamum reaping should be
entrusted to them [exclusively.] It
would seem, by the account you give of the excesses committed by
the robbers in your district, that the latter were become very desirous
of being incorporated with the Usicd Ilhye band. wish.
It shall
be as they
TIPPOO SULTAN.
451
OBSERVATIONS. by another
It ai)pears
letter in
which
the collection,
I
have not thought
it
necessary to insert, that the class of people usually employed in reaping or gather
ing the cardamums, had been recently detected in embezzlements of the produce to a considerable
This circumstance had probably led the Sultan
amount.
to
transplant a colony of Shaikhs, and other Mussulmans, into the district in question, with a
view to their superseding the ancient laborers in thi# particular branch
of agriculture, which constituted one of the principal monopolies of the govern-
What
ment.
no reason
efTect
Hindoo,
this
expedient
Mahommcdan
to believe, that the
bis trust than the
affirmed
was produced by
whom
i-eaper
he displaced.
by a very respectable authority,
I
that
do not know
proved at
On
all
:
more
the contrary,
" although
" Amulddrs under the Sultan's government were Moormen,
but there
is
faithful to
has been
it
the jisqfs and
all
who were seldom
**
chosen for any other reason than their being Mahommedans, and although the
**
whole of them had an oath of
" of public revenue, by the " amounted annually to
several
fifteen or
Beatson has also informed
" of the Sultan's
fidelity
us, that
regulations,
administered to them, the embezzlement
classes of
servants,
is
supposed to have
twenty lacks of Cantarai pagodas .^
'^^
Colonel
" notwithstanding the severity and minuteness
no prince was ever so grossly imposed upon."
"'
LETTER CCCCIV. To
the
Deifans of ZufeuabJd (GurramcooxdahJ TifLOOEY.
Informing them, Poll/gars,
that
the
(\)
management
the last (2)
tiie AlVairs ol'
War
[or
chastisement]
and other turbulent and contumacious
Sec letter from Captain
with
M
tribes,
in
Colonel J5catson's
Tippoo Sultan, page clxx of
Vide Colonel Beatson's View, page 150.
of the
belonged
2
to
the
(now Lieutenant Colonel) William M'Leod
Mysore,
dated 1st
(28ih November.^
3 sioners for
;
View
to tlic
of the Origin anil
the Appendix.
Commis-
Conduct of
SELECT LETTERS OP
45i?
the province of the Duklisht/ of
Ehshdm, and not
to theh's
that the
;
above mentioned JBiikhshy was accordingly engaged in that business that the charge of the defence of the
forts
and of the
general], likewise appertained [exclusively] to the
same
;
and [in
district
officer.
LETTER CCCCV. To MAHOMaiED DuRVVAiSH, and
France
We
have
;
dated 2d Tulooey.
Rumna, an Hurkdreh
Mahommed, our special
must open
the joint charge of
in
this casket,
same
in
which
is
casket, having
enclosed a diamond ring.
and taking from thence the ring which box of jewels intended
in the
Yunkut
and of Kumal
Mudur, a
of the brotherhood of Shaikh it,
to
(29th November.^
of the brotherhood"^^') of Pota,
seal affixed to
deposit the
you,
lately dispatched to
Vakeels proceeding
the other
it
You
contains,
for the Rdj'ah of the
French, which you took with you from hence, and which has also our special seal affixed to
it.
You
are, at the
the said box the ruby ring which you m the casket
now
same
ill
time, to take out from
lind in
sent to you, to which your seals
and placing
it,
must be
it
in
affixed, return
the said ruby ring to us by the two aforesaid persons.
Having deposited the diamond
ring,
now
you were originally charged, you are to
sent, in the
affix
box with which
your seals to
it,
and take
great care of the same.
As
there
was from the beginning a diamond ring
you took with you], there
will
sent to you, be two, which
is
in the
box [which
now, including that which has been just the
number of diamond
rings specified in
your Hilkm-ndmeh [or instructions], as you will perceive on a reference to the latter.
(1)
Original
^^Jj
rendered
literally in tlic text.
It is
equivalent to clan.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
453
LETTER CCCCVI. Ghulam Ghuzunfur
To
;
(\st Decemherl)
dated Ath J'vlooey.
(Extract.)
What
you write,
banker, to
fulfil
The
stood.
his
the promise of Wunkcisli Doob, the
respecting-
engagements
course of fifteen days,
in the
is
under-
same
aforesaid has, for six years past, constantly given the
assurance at the end of every fifteen days.
must not mind
his promises
for his settling,
;
He is
a great
liar,
and you
but, at the expiration of the time appointed
compel him to do
by proceeding very vigorously
so,
against him. It has
come
newspapers,
and
age,^')
to
that
our knowledge, through the channel of the Canarese
Mohyuddeen Ali Khun,
notwithstanding his great
his experience, during his recent visit to us,
sition in this
respect,(^)
of our dispo-
has forgotten himself so far as to resume his
former passion for the exhibition of dancing, which he knows to be highly repugnant to our pleasure. wealth.
27iw
is
a sign [or proo/"] of supei'Jluous
But wherefore have you remained
why have you
on
silent
this occasion
not forbidden his pursuit of this amusement
;
and
?
LETTER CCCCVII. To BuDRUz ZuJiAN
We some
Khan
;
same Date.
time since wrote to you with our
(\st December.^
own hand, and we now
again write, to desire that, after properly arranging the business of your
army,
*'
(1)
Oriijinal
(2)
Original
his
J^aJl)
j u-i-y b literally
l::..^! iiij
JJ^J
JU-
having himself very lately
" toothlcssness."
iSjy^ija^ j\j ^ l^^J.J ^^JuJ i-J^j
witiiossoil (or
beheld) the
meaning, the particular manners of the court, and sonant with the sentiments and wishes of the Hultan.
tips
\i
i.
e.
"
notnitlistaiiding
and downs of the Prescnec
esperiiilly the sort of
;"
conduct most ton-
SELECT LETTERS OP
454 army, you
will leave the
same
in charge of your son,
and repair to our
Presence, through the interior of the country, and by a close or route, in
company with Khizr Khan,('^ whom we have
You must
hundred horse to join you.
sent with
two
proceed with expedition, but [at
the same time] with care and vigilance.
remove from hence
woody
Our
special retinue
is
about to
to the pass of Kurk-ndtli.
LETTER To TuRBiYUT Ali
Khan
;
dated
CCCCVIII. 5t/i
Tvlooey.
(2d December.')
(Extract.)
Your representation,
with regard to our not honoring your
[regular or early] answers,
ing Turbiyut Ali
Khan]
is
eats
occupied,
two or three times a day,
leisure,
from morning to night,
we
with
That great person ('*> [mean-
understood.
and amuses himself with conversation.
letters
We, on
with business.
sits
at his ease,
the other hand,
are
Whenever we have
attend to the answering of your dispatches.
LETTER CCCCIX. To M.\HOMMED DuRWAiSH and others ; dated 6th Tulooey. (3d December.)
Directing them his
to speak to the Rdj'ah of the French,
and [through
means] to procure [and bring with them from France] a
skilful
physician
(1)1 believe (1*) Original
tliat this
Lj
Khizr
t::^v*lac
Khan was a commander
j
of Kuzsdks, or Looties.
which though a common form of address from a sovereign to ^J,
a servant, or other person of superior rank and consideration, jneant somewhat sarcastically.
seeuis,
in this place,
to
be
TIPPOO SULTAN. physician
a pharmacopolist,
;
455
thoroughly acquainted with, and capable
of preparing, every kind of medicine
known
in
Europe
lastly,
an
from near
the
and
;
able surgeon.
LETTER CCCCX. To
Dettan
the
of Chittledoorg and others;
TuNGBUDDRA, 14M TvLOOEY. Directing them
to send
dated
(\\th December.^
intelligent agent to the
an
Pay en-Ghaut,
with instructions to invite into the Sultans dominions [such] well-born,
and other unprovided persons [as might be found disposed to remove thither].
Enclosing, moreover, a passport for the agent proceeding [on
this service] to the
Puyen-Ghaut, and desiring a particular account of
every individual agreeing to repair to
Mysore
to be transmitted
to the
Presence.
LETTER CCCCXL 2b Monsieur Lally ^'>
same Date.
;
You must allow no more than a single sliop the vending of spirituous liquors
;
(\\th Deceinher.')
to be
;
it
M.
Lally
your camp for
any but the Europeans
being a rule in our victorious anny, that no shop
of this kind shall be permitted to be established in
(1)
in
and over that you must place a guard,
For the puqiose of preventing the sale of spirits to
belonging to you
opened
commanded,
at this liuie, tlie party of
it.
Europeans
in the service of the Sultan.
SELECT LETTERS OF
456
LETTER CCCCXII. Goverxor of Madras ; Ghulam Ali Imam of Muscat; and others: dated \%th Tulooey.
To Monsieur Cossignv
Khan;
the
the
;
(I5ih Deceinher.^
(Circular.)
The
[main] body of the accursed ones/') joined by the forces of
Nizam AH thousand
having
Klian,
and
horse lately
amounting
and
together
by
accompanied
foot,
with
approached,
[a
train
liundred
of ]
artillery,
within
intentions,
hostile
a
nearly
to
or
ten
twelve coss of our victorious army, which lay encamped near Shdnoor
we no
sooner received intelligence of this movement, than taking
guns and baggage with
we
us,
completely surprized.
we advanced
rapidly against the enemy,
The engagement which took
"^^^
The
when
swords and bayonets, fire
had not yet arrived
action, however,
the enemy,
from our guns, involuntarily
(^)
whom
December
[the clashing of]
at
no longer able
took the road of
our
place upon this
occasion was fought on the 11th of Sufur, A.H. 1201 [or 2d
17S6].
all
flight
to support the ;
upon which
they were closely pursued for two or three coss by our victorious army,
who
slew and took prisoners great numbers of the fugitives, besides ob-
taining possession of the whole of their baggage.
three thousand camels, bullocks,
five
In addition to
laden with various articles,
elephants with
canopies,
tw^enty
drums, and seven or eight thousand horses,
fell
this,
twenty thousand
standards and kettle-
into our hands.
Our (1) Original
(2) Original (3) ««
Originiil
to fly."
^j^ ^s^jj^y.
l^\
\JJi>\
^ that
is,
\z^^j^j_ tjwJ ««
had no other choice;"
or..
" were
irresistibly
compelled
TIPPOO SULTAN. Our
victorious
blessing-
army
of the enemy, and, with the
in close pursuit
is still
45^
of God, the Aider, having driven them
Hyderabad,
vvliich
account of
far
as
Poonah and
are the places of their residence, w^e shall
communi-
That eminent person being among the number of
cate the same to you.
we have thought
our friends,
£is
it
proper to give him the present detailed
this battle.
OBSERVATIONS. It
may be presumed,
that
the Sultan had taken any guns upon this occasion,
if
he would not have omitted so material a circumstance or " letter of victory," which, for this reason,
exaggerated his general success
and pompous,
enemy
in this last action
suspected to have somewhat
is
it is
certainly less inflated
usually the case in similar productions.
that the advantages which he obtained over the
which preceded
Memoirs, entered into a
Snfur,
than
Futah-ndmeh,
were of a more decisive character than those which had
resulted from the battle his
may be
though, on the whole,
;
in point of diction,
would, at any rate, appear,
It
in the present
It
it.
fuller relation
than that contained in the foregoing
of
probable, that the Sultan, in
is
the engagement of the 11th of
letter
but, unfortunately, that jiart
;
of his narrative was included in the portion of the manuscript destroyed by accident already alluded to.
This, however, as well as
many
other defects of the
present work, considered in an historical light, will, no doubt, be hereafter,
by the able and elegant
historian of
the
Imdm
" Enclosed "
is
1
Ith Sufur, the Sultans
of Muscat contains the following paragra])h
a letter to
to Constantinople],
Ghulam
which you
Ali
amply supplied
Mysore.
In addition to the foregoing account of the battle of the letter to
the
:
Khan, and the other Sirddrs,
will forward to
[proceedino-
them.
" Agreeably to your own proposal, you must send a I'akeel [or minister] to
" our Presence "
fail
at the
beginning of the ensuing season.
to Gstublish Victories at our different sea-ports
" resolution, that not a single grain of
rice shall
^
^
;
You must
and
be sold
as
likewise not
we have come
hu our country]
to the to
any
" Nazareiies
458
SEI.ECT LETTERS OP
" Nazarenes coming from Muscat, " of Muscat, you,
bound
'•
therefore,
may
" Procure and dispatch " breed of
vvliich
you
them
certificates
from our Vaheel there, in
be enabled to purchase and carry away [without obstacle]
whatever commodities they
'•
must give orders to the merchants of that place
to bring with
to our ports,
" order that they
or to any others but the [bolid Jide] merchants
may
to us
require.
some
saffron seed,
are acquainted
\i. e.
and
also
some mules, with the
which you can recommend
as
being of
" a good breed].
N.B. Wrote
to the
same
who was
agent at Muscat,
the above to
effect as
also desired to
LETTER To
We
Ghulam Ali Khan
;
Meer Kazim,
buy and send more
the commercial
pearls to the Sultan,
CCCCXIII.
same Date.
(I5th December.^
which we have received from the
Imdm
and from the Khulfdr [or minister] of Muscat, that one of the
vessels
have learned by
which proceeded
Avith
letters
you from hence has been burnt.
It
is
very as-
tonishing that you should not have mentioned any thing of this matter.
Communicate
to us all the particulars of
proceeded onwards from Sussorah.
know, what things you stand
in
need
it.
We conclude
Let us know. of,
that they
may
that you have
Let us Hkewise be sent to you.
LETTER CCCCXIV. To Chishty
Yar
Kh.\n, Dei^ax, and
of the EiiSHAM of Chjttledoorg
Zynul Aabideen, Bvkhshy ;
dated 19th 2(1 looey.
(IQth
December.^
Your of
the
letter,
congratulating us on our [late] victory over the enemies
faith,
and
accompanied
by a Nuzr of twenty rupees,
has
passed
TXPPOO SULTAN. passed under our view.
It
behoves
459
Mussulmans liumbly
all
to address
themselves to the Almighty Presence, and to implore, that the forces of the accursed
may
be always confounded and disgraced, and the army of
Islam be always victorious and triumphant.
LETTER CCCCXV. To MoHYUDDEEN Ali Khan,
KuRPAH ; Your
dated 24th TuLooEY.
relation of
become duly known
Deuan, mid Ghulam Ghuzunfur,
at
(2]st December.^
your late encounters with the enemy's horse
^'^
is
and we are much pleased with the account you have
;
given of their chastisement, and of your having taken six prisoners and twelve horses from them. descent and of your
Lei
This behaviour >vas worthy of your noble
fidelity to us.
and
the prisoners be strangled,^-^
let
the
twelve
horses, after
being valued according to custom, and paid for to the captors, ^^^ be taken into the service of the Sircar.
N.B. By some
letters
which follow here, but which are not deemed
interesting to be inserted,
it
sufficiently
appears, that the Sultan was, at this period,
occupied in dedicating shrines, &c. to the principal
Mahommedan
saints.
much
Whether
as
an expression of his gratitude for the benefits which he might suppose iiimself
to
have recently derived
intercession in his behalf,
(in
the instance of his military successes) from
(1)
Most probably
alludes to
Kurpah, during which Kurpa/i
;
the}'
render them propitious to his ulterior
or in order to
3
their
N
2
views
some irruinion of the Nizam's troops 'Snto the province of
would appear to have plundered the /"a/M, or outer town, of
but the passage relating to this point being
somewhat obscure,
the translation. (2) Original
jL> Job ^1^ |^1^\
(3) Original
Jj,l
on which word see Letter
XXXIF.
I
have omitted
it in
SELECT BETTERS OF
460 views and wishes,
not stated.
is
bv both
the occasion
however, that he was actuated on
It is probable,
considerations.
LETTER CCCCXVI. Khan
To Shumsuddeen
You
;
dated 29th
and
silver
(26fh December.')
" that the people of the jewel
represent,
" goldsmith's workshop have applied *'
Tv looey,
necessary for
to
jewellery,
**
this time, either
making up the PuduJcs, and other
on account of the
receipts
collections, or
tlie
articles
coming
of
in at
from the Surrdfs [or
" money-changers] superintending the Dukdns [or
" of the
and of
you to be supplied with the gold
which have been ordered, but that no
*'
office
retail
warehouses]
you do not possess the means of answering the de-
Sircar, '^^^
**
mand
**
been already furnished for this service by the mint, which has not yet
*'
been replaced." It is
besides which,
:
known.
twelve hundred pagodas weight of gold has
In the Tosheh-khdneh [or treasury], and in the depart-
ment where the
elephants' teeth^-^ are kept, there
the amount of several lacks
(^^
gold and
is
weight of pagodas, appropriated [some
time since] to the coinage of gold mohrs, pagodas, &c. that gold and silver
something
from
this
else
?
still
This
in the
is,
same place
truly,
;
and
;
silver
after seeing that
!
may be
it is
On
(2)
Elsewhere called
(.'5)
A
lac/c is
a
hundred thousand of
anj' thing.
to be
take
required for the
carefully assayed, deliver
the subject of these warehouses, or sliops, see Letter
" the ivory apartment."
it
You must
the same to the workmen.
(1)
Is not, then,
or do you imagine
a subject for wonder
apartment whatever gold and
purpose in question
silver, to
XCVIII.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
461
OBSERVATIONS. Notwithstanding the wonder here expressed by the Sultan,
at his treasurer's
not having taken upon him to break in upon a hoard of bullion, distinctly stated to have been appropriated to a specific purpose, if that officer
had presumed to do
It is true, that if
sion.
so, his
we were
to
it
may be
fairly
doubted, whether
conduct would have escaped animadver-
judge by the occasional intimations of the
kind here conveyed, and which occur in the course of the correspondence, we
might
that the public functionaries under
infer,
considerable discretionary powers
which the
instances, in
:
but,
Tippoo Sultan were invested with
on the other hand, how many are the such a power has brought upon them
slightest exercise of
the severest reproofs of the Snltan,
who was
"
them "
ever directing
for
and
to abstain
from pursuing their own conceits."
reposed in Shumsiiddeen
Khan was
of a peculiarly delicate nature
their instructions,
;
and
to
mind
The
trust
he had
if
ventured to act in the manner which his master affects to insinuate he should have
done, and had so acted with impunity,
it
must be admitted, that such a
would have materially altered our view of the Sultans character, particular, at least
;
since
would have shown him
it
in
one important
have been of a
to
fact
more
far
confiding and unsuspicious disposition than the general tenor of his actions imply.
The
safest guide,
however, to our judgment, on the present occasion,
dent backwardness of the treasurer to exceed the
he had very
The favour
No
doubt,
Sultan appears to have distributed, about this time, various marks of his
among
his princij)al
commanders.
To some
he gave
' Budruz
Among
Zuman Khan Bchadur;"
wh\ch the Ut\c oi Behddtir
is
called in
Puduks
the original
or
names of the persons thus
the
Pu-
distin-
these was a cornelian, with the inscription
being the
aj)])licd
presented, at the same time, to certain ficial seals,
These tokens of approbation consisted
and what are
seal-rings, with
guished engraved upon them.
in
of his orders.
the evi-
sufficient reasons for this cautious conduct.
chiefly of gold chains, rings, (iugs.
letter
is
first
by 1
instance, if
ij)poo to
Kt
some made of gold and others of
silver,
I
any of
am
not mistaken,
his servants.
He
or divisions of the army, of-
and having inscriptions en-
graved on them, alluding to their services in the cause of Islam.
The
Kux/ioons-
composing
SEI-ECT LETTERS OF
462
composing these Kuchurries (namely, the second and third Kuchtirrles of regular infantry,
and the second and third Kuchurries of Bdrgeer cavalry) had probably
particularly distinguished themselves in the late actions with the Mahrattahs.
LETTER CCCCXVII. To Monsieur Cossigny
What
(28th Decemher.')
you wrote, respecting the departure of M. Monneron, on the
12th October, from the port
A
stood.
dated 2d Yoosvfy.
;
o't
month has elapsed
Pondicherry for the 3Iauritius, since
the
is
under-
persons appointed by us to
proceed to France were dispatched from hence.
Accordingly, having
reached Bangalore, they afterwards pursued their journey from thence,
and
due time] arrive [at Pondicherry].
will [in
wiite recommending, " that
You [i. e.
<'
above-mentioned Monsieur."
God, the
said
Monsieur
have, in the
They
AnHntgeenj.
them
You
mean
will
while, agreeably to your
will
" that a
establish a
" people." is,
With
the blessing of
humble [for
suggestion,^')
the present] at
proceed [to Pondicherry'] whenever you shall
to, do so.
write,
" should
arrival of the
tlie
soon return in safety from the Mauritius.
strict
friendship subsists between the Hollanders
and the Rdjah of the French
*'
It is understood.
the aforesaid persons to remain
sent orders to
desire
direct the aforesaid persons
the Vakeels] to remain at Selim or Eeloor\\\\
<<
We
we should
It is
;
and that
is is
expedient that we, also,
good understanding and correspondence with that
comprehended.
Whosoever
is
united Avith the French,
in fact, united with us.
The ( 1 )
Original
UJit
t^t^
i
TIPPOO SULTAN. The
barometer^')
which your humble
No
send us has been received.
463
attachraent^^^
doubt, you will, also, after getting
prepared [or made up], dispatch to us the
which you have promised
You engage
prompted you to
of
it (*>
us.
[a great share of] our attention
:
be [therefore]
in all
respects easy in your mind.
A
N.B.
letter,
of the
and the other Vakeels,
same date
as the above, directs
Anuntgeery,
to halt at
till
Mahommed
desired
Durvvaish,
by M. Cossigny
to
proceed to Pondicherry.
The
following passage, though inadvertently inserted in the letter to the Vakeels,
appears to belong properly to that addressed to
The barometer which [you] in all respects very complete,
which, owing to fore,
its
stead, that has been
:
made
Cossigny.
sent us in charge of [your] Hnrkdreli
is
excepting in the article of the quicksilver,
oldness, does not
returned [to you]
M.
move up and down.
It is,
and you must send another good one
therein its
in the present year.
LETTER CCCCXVIII. 7b Urshud Baig Khan, Foujdar of Calicut; same Date.
(28M December.^
Abandon
your vain idea of proceeding [on a pilgrimage] to the Holy
Temple, and apply yourself, according to custom, to the Sircar.
(2)
This
This
is
is
of the
the most advisable thing you can do.
the word
(3) Original
aftairs
C^AJtf
employed ^.jLiyus
<0
in the original,
wiicrc
whicli has
'"'-t_.n.r
:i^\j
denotes the attachment of an inferior to
a superior. (4)
The
original
Perhaps, the
is
first is
written
meant
^\J jjo uuj^ for carh'y or
which
map.
I
take to be intended for French words.
464
SELECT LETTERS OF
OBSERVATIONS. This
from other parts of the correspondence,
officer appears,
some improper female connection, which the Sultan had
The
ing.
on
by announcing
lover resented this interference,
a pilgrimage to
This
Mecca.
fluence of temporary
case
sort of declaration
is
upon
have formed his renounc-
his resolution to proceed
often
made under
the in-
chagrin or disappointment, and sometimes without any
serious intention of fulfilling
Whatever the
insisted
to
and with no other view than that of intimidation.
it,
might be with regard
Urshud Baig Khan, he ultimately
to
relinquished his purpose (whether real or pretended), although the object of his irregular attachment had,
The
the town of Calicut.
was accustomed
by order
to proceed
of his sovereign, been publicly banished from
following letter will
on occasions of
show
what manner the Sultan
in
this kind.
LETTER CCCCXIX. To
the
Dejvaxs of Calicut ; same Date.
Dissuade Urshud Baig Khun from the
House of God
the effect of fair persuasion
;
and
You
of necessity, confine him.
who
Try, at
[_3Iecca'].
has been the cause of this
N.B. Upon Urshud
Baig's "
(28th December.^
his vain purpose of repairing to
first,
if this
as far as you
may be
able,
should not succeed, you must,
must, hkewise, imprison the courtezan,
aft'air.
coming again
is
expressed in
in question
was released,
to his senses," as
the original, he was restored to his office; and the
woman
it
and " driven " from Calicut.
LETTER CCCCXX. To Monsieur Cossigny
There
is
barometer,^')
;
dated 3d Voost/py.
(2Dth Decemhcr.^
a book which comes from Europe, and
wherein
it
is
written,
that at certain
vvliich treats
of the
[stated] times the quicksilver
(l)
Original Uj Ld literally,
"showing
[the state of] the air.
TIPPOO SULTAN. quicksilver rises a certain
a person
afflicted 'ndth
a paroxysm of
his
number of degiees
;
465
and that
if,
at
any one of certain [stated] disorders
during
shall,
hand on the barometer, the
place his
complaint,
such times,
degree to which the quicksilver may, in consequence, ascend, will indicate the state [or height] of such person's disorder. translated into Persian,
and send
it
Get
this
[book]
to the Presence.
LETTER CCCCXXI. To Shumsuddeen
Khan
dated
;
from near Kopvl,
5th
Yoosufy.
Becemher I786.)
(^Ust
(Extract.)
The
leather basket, containing [our several] treaties with the
rattahs,
which you
by the post, has reached us
sent
Mah-
[safely]
from
Hwry-hur.
OBSERVATIONS. The
Sultan appears to have sent for the
sequence of some overtures of peace
made
treaties here
to \\m\
mentioned, either in con-
by the Mahrattahs,
or prepara-
tory to the discussions which he might expect to take place soon on that subject.
LETTER CCCCXXII. To MusHEER
ulMulk;
Bubee vl OuiruL,
dated 4th
The MUtusuddy, Luchman Rao, was pose of ascertaining
why
the Nahoh,
3 (1)
Corresponding, as well as
I
is
sent by me, merely for the pur-
Nizam AU Khan Behadur,
O
can compute,
culation be correct, the present letter
.^.//. 1201.0)
withstanding
wiili tlic JUli
not exactly in
not-
its
December 1786.
place.
If this cal-
SELECT LETTERS OF
466
withstanding the contract of mutual union which took place between us,
through the medium(-) of Mahomnied Iftikhar Khan/^) had suddenly
and without any cause [or
confederated with the people of Poonah,
provocation on
my
dispatclied with
any other view.
part], advanced into
my
dominions.
He
was not
I have, at this time, indirectly learned,<^*> that that friend has placed
guard over the above-mentioned MUtusuddy surprising
that such really
and though
:
conduct
I find
it
This circumstance
.
difficult to believe
not usual with great
is
is
a
very
the account, seeing
persons,
yet if
should
it
be the case, [I desire you willj dismiss the said Mutusuddy.
LETTER CCCCXXIII. To
Ghulam Hyder, Aumil
of Bangalore; dated 9th YoostiFT.
(4th Januanj 1787)
The account,
stating you
had
strictly prohibited
the distilling and vend-
ing of spirituous liquors, and had, moreover [in pursuance of the same object],
made
the whole body of vintners enter into written engagements
[to desist from selling such liquors], tlistillcrs
is
understood.
You must make
the
execute a similar engagement, and then oblige them to take up
some other occupation.
LETTER CCCCXXIV. To Syed Mahommed,
Kilaadar
of Seringapatam ;
Katvrky, near Kopvl, \Qth Yoosufy.
A
God
!)
and which was
first
from
(5th January.^
SHIRT, formerly belonging to the Holy Prophet (on
peace and blessing of
dated
whom
discovered at
be the
Kurpah, from
(2) Original
^bj
(3)
See Letter
v4)
Originul
literally,
" by
the tongue."
CCCLXVI. ~)^j\ " from without,"
f. c.
not immediately from
Luchman Rao
himself.
TIP POO SULTAN. from whence,
in process of time,
came
Tliis precious rehc
dispatched to you. priests, to
it
whose care the [other] holy
46/
into our possession, has been
must be deUvered
charge to the
in
traces [or remains] of the prophet
have been already consigned, with instructions to place and keep
it
along
with those.
LETTER CCCCXXV. To Yakoob, and
Armenian Merchants ; dated 16th VoosifFr.
other
(11th January.') (^Entitled a
The
duties
KofrL-NAMEH,
or Engagement.)
upon [such] goods [as you may import into our dominions]
are, without exception,('> [hereby] remitted. tire confidence to
[as you
may
Bring, therefore, with en-
our ports, and into our kingdom, either by sea or land
think proper], your silk
there [freely] buy and
stuffs
and [other] merchandize, and
Wheresoever you may [choose
sell.
goods, there a place shall be assigned for your residence at
any time, be
in
want of workmen or
laborers, the
:
to] bring
and
same
if
your^
you should,
shall be fur-
nished you, on hire, by our Taaldkddrs.
OBSERVATIONS. I
am
not enabled to account for the sudden and extraordinary encouragement
here held out to the Armenian merchants alluring that industrious race of
men
to
;
nor do
Mysore.
I
know how
The
far it
succeeded in
immunities offered to them
were, no doubt, apparently tempting, since they greatly exceeded whatever had
been hitherto granted, either Still,
to their fellow
to
any other
foreigners.
however, the promised advantages were but loosely and generally expressed
and certainly were not intended
to
admit the adventurers 3
{\)
countrymen, or
Original
l::..^^.^)^^
"
O
2 *
completely, entirely."
to a particijjation in those
branches
SELECT LETTERS OF
468
branches of the trade of Mysore (as sandal-wood, pepper, &c.) which were rigorously monopolized
of his kingdom.
by the Sultan,
as constituting the chief
of what country
not appear,
It does
commercial resources
Yakoob was
a subject or
resident.
LETTER CCCCXXVI. To
MeER M0AAYE^UDDEEN, BuRHANUDDEEN, MaH MiRZA KhaN,
and HusAiN Ali
Khan
;
dated the Night^^^ of the VJth Yoosvfy.
(\2th January.^
(Circular.)
Directing them to prepare two divisions,
batteries^-) in [front
according to a plan transmitted to them, and to place two guns
and a company of regular infantry N.B.
A
of] their respective
few words follow
Something appears
to
in each.
here, of
which
I
am
unable to
make any
sense.
have been omitted.
LETTER CCCCXXVII. To Shumsuddeen Kuan, &c. Haroghas of
the
Tosheh-khaneu,
Treamry, at Seringapatam ; dated 22d Yoosijfy.
or
(VJth January.^
(Extract.) In addition to the camels which were some time ago sent to you, for the conveyance liither of certain articles of our special
we have now
You must,
dispatched
fifty
camp equipage,
others, for the purpose of bringing treasure.
accordingly, dispatch the tents on the former, and on the
latter the treasure.
(1)
There are no
(2)
Batter}'
is
less
than five different dispatches dated on this night.
the word used, as formerl}', in the original.
TIPPOO SULTAN.
469
OBSERVATIONS. The
most probably, designed
treasure here mentioned was,
and appears, by a subsequent
letter, to
for the
Mahrattahs
have consisted of 3,88,971 /Jfl^o^a* of sorts,
and 72,000 Pondkherrij rupees, making together about thirteen lachs of rupees,
which agrees pretty nearly with the sum
stated (as will be presently seen)
Sultan himself, as the amount of what he paid to the Mahrattahs
by the
at the conclusion
of peace.
LETTER CCCCXXVIII. To the Dejvans of Zuferabad
Having made
;
dated 29th Yoosvfy. (24th January.')
up, according to the established system of our govern-
ment, the account of pay due to the Jijshe, the Piddehs, Coolies, &c.
you must that
is
same
issue the
to say, the
presence.
There
in the
manner prescribed
whole body are to be paid, man is
pay to the Kilaaddr
in hi/
your instructions wiaw,('>in
your
no necessity for your consigning the amount of be distributed by him].
j^to
own their
If you do so, you shall
be punished in the manner specified in your Hakm-ndmeh.
LETTER CCCCXXIX. To Rajah
Ram Chundur
;
dated from An.igooxdy, 3d Eezudy.
(28th Ja?mari/.)
Authorizing him
to take
[from the public money] two thousand
rupees, as a gift from the Sultan, to enable
him
to celebrate the
marriage
of his nephew, and to send for his connexions and relations from the Carnatic. (I) Original
u^^oj y:.^J
**
from hand to iiand."
:
SELECT LETTERS
470
OS*
LETTER CCCCXXX. To BuDRUz
Having
ZuMAN Khan we
read,
Same Date.
;
(28th Januaiy.')
transmit for your perusal [two] letters, brought to
us by a pair of camel couriers, from
Rao Rasta and
hkewise sent to you the two camel couriers [in question]. after looking at these letters,
camp] with the
:
but as
mounted
[i.
e.
to the
You
have must,
Mahrattah
couriers above-mentioned.
A cornelian seal, Putn
proceed thither
We
Holkar.
it
with your name engraved upon
was not
as such,
we have
a ring,
set for
and when ready
it
shall
has arrived from
it,
ordered
it
to be properly
be dispatched to you.
OBSERVATIONS. It
would appear by the foregoing
jnoirs, that
letter,
and
Budruz Zuman Khan was chosen
pending with the Mahrattahs. dispatch, that
if
It
he was not named
eligible person that could
may
confirmed by the Sultan's
Me-
to conduct the negociations
now
is
even be inferred, from the terms of this
in the letters of Rasta
and Holkar,
most
as the
be employed by the Sultan on this occasion, he was, very
probably, mentioned as the individual
who would be most
agreeable to the
Mah-
rattah chiefs.
Similar suggestions often proceed in India from a hostile power
but when this
is
the case,
superiority in the latter.
such a pretension,
it is
it
If
:
generally denotes either an actual, or an assumed
Tippoo
tacitly yielded, in
the present instance, to
not unlikely that he was led to do
so, as
much by
his
impatience to prepare for a fresh contest with the English as by any other consideration.
Except with some motive of
to a measure so liable to
of a person of
(I
ci ipt
)
this nature,
he would hardly have consented
be construed into an act of submission,
Budruz Zuman's rank
to the
Mahrattah camp would
For some additional observations on the above Letter, the reader subjoined to Letter
CCCCXXXV.
as the deputation
i.s
be."'
referred to
tiic
Pqst-
TIPPOO SULTAN.
4^1
LETTER CCCCXXXI. To Meer Ibraheem
You must
not, in
Yours
future,
to
is
revenue, and other
dated 6th
Eezudy.
(2\st January.')
form the design of chastising either the
This business appertains to the Foujddr of that
Nairs or Moplahs. quarter.
;
apply yourself earnestly to the collection of the
fiscal
matters.
LETTER CCCCXXXII. To Urshud Baig Khan, Fovjoah of Calicut; dated 8th
E ezvdy,
(2d February.)
You
must give the most
strict orders to all the
inhabitants of that place [Calicut~\, neither
English factor
who
is
whatsover, to him.
remain chases,
?^')
He
to
merchants, and other
buy any goods of the
come
thither, nor sell grain, or
any other
articles
How
long [in this case] will the above
named
will, in
the end, despair of
making
cither sales or pur-
and depart from thence.
OBSERVATIONS. It
be
will
amounts
sufficient
to a gross
to
remark on
infraction
this
letter,
that the order contained in
of the eighth article of the treaty of Mangalore,
concluded between the English and Tippoo in March l/S-l.
(I)
That
is,
"He
it
will soon, in this case,
be compelled
tn depart."
SELECT LETTERS OF
4/2
LETTER CCCCXXXni. To KuREEM Saheb
Your humble
same Date.
;
(2d February.^
address, accompanied by a
Nuzry on account of our
cliastisement of, and [late] victory over, the enemy, has passed under
What you
our view.
write, respecting your intention of repairing to
our Presence, and the re-establishment of your health,
and has special
we
With
afforded pleasure to our mind.
is
understood,
the blessing of God, our
retinue will soon shed lustre on that place [^Seringapatam~\
shall
when
have a meeting.
OBSERVATIONS. Kureeni Saheb was the second son of Hyder Ali by a concubine, but was
Begum
adopted by Medina as
;"'
who,
I believe,
Fukhurun Nisa Beeby, the mother
his brother, after
of
1808.
He
is
as well
survived
whose death he came under the protection of the British govern-
represented to be of
weak
and was
father's family,
intellects
;
still
and would not,
living
at
any
have been entrusted with authority by his father, or to have
period, appear to
been an object of jealousy to his brother. to his address
Kureem Saheb
Tippoo Sultan.
ment, together with the other branches of his in
was a lawful wife of Hyder,
which appears
The
foregoing letter
in the present collection.
date, acknowledging, as this does, the receipt of a
There
is
is
not the only one
another of a prior
Nuzr on occasion
of a former
victory.
(1) Kliiiii,
was a daughter of Medina Begum, b\' Hyder, who was married to Abdfd Khyre the Nabob of Sliunoor, and not an own or full sister of Kureem Saheb, as elsewhere
It
erroneously stated.
I
have been enabled to correct
table of the family of tliis
work went
to press.
Hyder
Ali, obligingly
this mistake,
by means of a genealogical
communicated tome by Colonel Marriot,
since
SULTAN.
TIPPOO
4/3
LETTER CCCCXXXIV. To Mahommed Durwatsh,
&c, dated 20th jEezidyS^\
(I4th Fehruury.^
You
did right in apprizing Monsieur
Pondichemj], act
as
tlie
Cossigny, the Governor [of
of your arrival at Anuntgeerrj
aforesaid Governor
and must, hereafter,
;
recommend
sliall
[When you
to you.
resume your journey] you must proceed to Pondicherry, without stopping
How
by the way/^>
are the
thing belonging to you
Enghsh
open and search any
people^^^ tp
K"*^
OBSERVATIONS. It
would appear by
this letter, that the
Vakeels had, in their dispatches to the
expressed some apprehensions of being stopped and searched by the
Sultan,
English, in their passage through the territories of the affects to treat their fears as chimerical
Sultan thought
much
it
possible,
as
cherry.
advisable
He
and with
this view^, directs
had previously,
letters of
some part of
any particular
and 14th of February 1787).
It is
val with the ncgociations of peace,
On
but, nevertheless, seems to have
them
as the context leads
3
No
The
of Arcot.
that they should elude the observation of the English as
dispatches to be concealed in
(1)
;
Nabob
tiie
tlic
to
to Pondi-
suspect, caused their
their apparel, or bedding.
By between the
tliat tlic
8ili
Sultan was
conclusion of which
the 14th Etzuli/ (or 8th of Fcbuury)
me
by night
P
interest occur
probable
to travel
is
and 20th of Eezidif (2d
much occupied
announced
in this inter-
in tiic
next
letter.
Sullan appears to liavc been encamped at
Ku-
nuckgheerif. (2) Original (3) Original
(4)
That
original.
is,
Jc»-|^ ^c.s?isi .0
y,Jj\ •'
k_^Li>
i.e.
*J^ which may moan
" you must proceed
all
night to Po/iJ/t/if/vy."
the persons belonging to the English.
they will not presume to search."
This passage
is
not very clear in the
SELECT LETTERS OP
474
By
a subsequent letter
it
appears, that
Vakeels should remain at Anuntgeery
On
Mauritius.
"
well,
selled
" always
this occasion the
and
M.
Cossigny recommended, that the
the arrival of
till
Sultan observes, that
a good man, to whose opinion
is
to conform."
He
M. Monneron
M.
Cossigny " has counwill
it
from the
be proper in them
concludes the dispatch, here alluded
to,
with exhort-
ing them to approve their zeal and fidelity in the execution of the commission entrusted to them, and with promises of high reward and favor on their return
from their embassy.
LETTER CCCCXXXV. To KuTBUL
MuLK Mahommed Kutbuddeen Khan Behadur (\4:th February.^
same Date.
The
enemy, after
flying,
;(')
in consequence of tlie successive chastise-
ments they have received [from us], as far as the banks of the Kishna, found themselves in the end reduced to such a helpless
them
to sue to us for
The
manner/^^
result
state, as
compelled
an accommodation in the most humble and earnest is,
that a treaty of peace, entirely conformable to
the wishes of the
Usud Ilhye
Sircar, has been concluded between us.
In consequence [of
this treaty],
we
of Adoni It
is
:
but
shall
have
to relinquish the possession
we will bestow some other country upon you
in its stead.
therefore written, that you must, with the utmost expedition,
collect all the
money you can from
the country.
You must, moreover,
completely encompass two or three totvns, and getting together Jive or seven thousand people, report the particulars to vs
;
as
men are
tvanted [at
The form
(1)
liJ
•
<
to the (2)
J^»c
.
of Ulluib, or address, used in this letter to KutbQddecn,
tiJLjur-wJr* being exaetly
tiie
same
witli that cniiiloycd in Letter
King of France. Original
iMS
l»
j
(ri:,^v^V'
jJ^^\^.Ju^^
is
i^ }f-
'ij^'f^
f-\
^Jjvt j Lr-v
CCCXXXVI.
TIPPOO SULTAt!. [at this time]
for the Usud llhye
A
corps.
Whatever
about to be dispatched to you.
that quarter/^) you must chastise
473 further reinforcement
is
may appear
in
hostile force
and
effectually,
it
level
it
[with the
earth]. <^)
OBSERVATIONS. Although the
would seem
treaty, recently
concluded between the Sultan and the Mahrattahs,
to have provided for the restoration of
the Nizd/n, yet
it
is,
formally acceded to
Adoni and
nevertheless, probable, that the latter
it,
had time
or even have
do
to
its
dependencies to
might not yet have Here, then, we see
so.
Tippoo, with his characteristic perfidy, eagerly endeavouring to
avail
himself of
the short inten^al which might be expected to elapse before the completion of the general peace, in order to impoverish and depopulate, as
country he was about to relinquish.
I
am
much
as possible, the
ignorant of the success of the Sultati's
barbarous policy upon the present occasion.
It appears,
however, but too probable,
that the inhabitants of Adoni, and of the surrounding country, would have reason to deplore, for a long time, his temporary occupation of
A
few other
letters follow
it.
here to different persons, aiiiiouncing,
iil
terms nearly similar to the preceding part of the dispatch to Kiithuddeen, the termination of the war.
of the same date,
Shah, Syed
Ahmed
already been given
It
is
only, however, in a circular letter
to the Peer-zddehs^
Saheh, and at Letter
Boodhun Shah, Kuleem uUah
Nuhhy Shah, of which an
CCCLXXXI,
that he
determination to turn his arms against the English,
" forbid the practice of
which terms Christians
Musulmans,
as well as
calling to prayers in
(4)
The
^j\^ji\j sjyti
or " those
from the Minarets
by Tippoo.
P
2
hostile force here alluded to was, of course,
Original
announces his
who ."
in
general are frequently described by othei-
3 (3)
extract has
^\j i^,
one belonging to
tlic
A'izdin.
SELECT LETTERS OF
/^'JS
HAVING
brought the correspondence of the Sultan to the close of
war, with the early operations of which
tlie
it
commences, I cannot,
perhaps, better conclude this work, than with the only remaining frag-
ment of
Omng
his
Memoirs, which
to the
to
it is
my
purpose to lay before the reader.
chasm which has been already accounted
much
extract will not throw so
light
for,
the present
on the progress of the war, subse-
quently to the action of the 2d of December, as could be wished
what
is still
more
to be regretted
is,
that after reciting the
;
but
first article
of
war was terminated, and preparing the reader
the treaty by which the
continuation of this interesting document, the original abruptly
for a
passes to an exaggerated picture of the miserable condition to which the at the period of the pacification.
Mahrattah army was reduced,
operations which followed immediately after the rejection of the
The
Sultan's challenge by Tukojee Holkar are wanting, the remnant of the
manuscript beginning as follows " *'
On
:
the following morning tliey rejoined the victorious army, bringing with
them the whole of
I
their booty.'"'
now
halted for four or five days on the
" ground which had been occupied by the enemy, during which time
"
some.
Kuzzdk
[or Looty] horse, to procure intelHgence of the infidels.
" returned with an account " Behddilr-bundeh, "
On
that they were posted
in the latter of
receiving this information,
" near to which
I
encamped
;
I
on the other
which they had placed
a
sent out
I
This party
Kopul and
side of
[strong]
garrison.
proceeded by long marches to Behddiir-bundeh,
sending forward, at the same time, a division of the
" army, so close to that side of the place [which communicated with the country]
"
as to prevent its receiving succours
"
circuit of Behddilr-bundeh,
«
to be small, but of
most
from the unbelievers.
After this, I
and [narrowly] viewed the place, which
difficult access, there
The
I
the
found
being no [visible] path by which
" ( 1 )
made
a
Sultan had probably been describing some partial attack upon the enemy.
human
T 1 P P O O SULTAN. "
a
human
" be
creature could ascend to the top of
erected,
one against each angle of the face next
" inggunsin each. " the
now caused two
I
it.
477
to us,
and placed six batter-
then had ladders prepared for scaling the opposite side of
I
fort."
The
by which,
Saltan here proceeds to detail the means
night, he
made
in the course of the
whence he was enabled ta
a lodgement at the foot of the fort, from
Previously, however, to attempting an escalade, he tried the effect
fix his ladders.
of his batteries, but apparently with
success, the walls of the place having.
little
been hewn out of the rock, and rendered by himself, before Mahrattahs,
own
This
extremely strong.
verification of the proverb, *'
batteries to
creating."
only of three
In the
which
" there
no help
is
furnished
a
for the evil of one's
mean while the Mahrattahs were encamped
watching
coss,
capture by the
the Sultan observes,
case,
says,
its
at tlie distance
opportunity of relieving the place.
for a favorable
" Under these circumstances," continues the Sultan, " not thinking a further
" delay of two or three days " with which view
I
advisable,
I
determined on an immediate assault
prepared three hundred men, composed of regulars, of
" and of Ehshdm, who being placed over night *'
would be made
signal
"
besides the
"
placed in the plain before the
"
to
keep up such
" and thereby
" arrangement, " were opposed
**
from the
fire
selves
fort,
walls of
[colonel]
which they were ordered
should prevent the garrison from mnnning them,
a
dawn
infidels,
of day
;
but
who planting them-
which had been breached, and by which the large stones, besides pouring
heavy discharge of musketry.
who had mounted
the sherbet of martyrdom.
Agreeably to this
the assault exactly at
upon them from thence
all sides,
when
caused eight pieces of light artillery to be
with great firmness and courage by the
assailants advanced, hurled
jirayer,
In aid of this enterprize,
purpose.
upon the
commenced
at the part of the wall
" a Teepdur
morning
the progress of the storming party.
the latter
" amongst them, from
*'
batteries, I
a close fire, as
facilitate
for the
Ji/i/ie,
lodgement made at the foot
of the fort, were directed to rush forward at the hour of
" a rocket
"
in the
On
this occasion
the wall, as well as several others, tasted
All this time the besieged, notwithstanding the
" heavy (2)
The
reason of
given of them wliich
I
1113'
;
omitting these details
do not clearly understand.
is, ,
tiiut
there
is
some part of
the account
-
SELECT LETTERS OF
4/8 " heavy
which poured upon them hke rain from our guns, continued
fire
" themselves, vrherever they could " direction of two guns, " movement.
At
find
any cover
at length, I
:
from them at every
fired
to
myself taking the
man who made
the least
time the governor of the place stood concealed
this
defend
[as
he
" thought] behind one of the bastions, from which situation he viewed what was.
" going on.
Here
him on the head
a shot striking
him
sent
" which the whole of the garrison immediately demanded a " were [in consequence] removed from the "'
by the "
•'
The
Sircar.
Two
advanced against
" nounced the approach of the enemy,
" meet them
;
but
it
which was taken possession of
had only
fired a
The
us.
army
the whole
fort,
the vanguard of
" being, *'
I
encamped
coss
my
to
whom
right and
"
after
"
*
is
I
army proceeded
to
to their
Two
camp.
beyond Kopul, the enemy
fifty
Here
from thence.
at the distance of four coss
formed four parties of cavalry, each consisting of
" men, '•
at this time,
of the infidels,
{ew guns at them, when the accursed crew,
marched and took post two
after this I
own army.
cavalry picquets having an-
" contenting themselves with what they had done, returned " days
They
capitulation.'*'
following day I sent the garrison back to their
days after the capture of this
preparing for battle,
fort,
upon
''''
to hell;
horse and four rocket
gave orders to proceed and show themselves severally on the
left flanks,
and
in the rear
and front of the enemy's position
;
and
throwing some rockets among them, to cry out, 'behold the victorious army
arrived
!
If
you value your
safety,
" was accordingly exactly executed " whole
force of the infidels,
:
fly
speedily from hence.'
the consequence of
commanders
as well as
This order
which was,
men, obeying the
that the directions
"
of the horsemen of the victorious army, took instantly to flight, and proceeding
'
all
night, did not stop
cursed both
till,
by God and man,
^''
they had got
" (3) Tlie Sultan appears to
repeats
it,
saying,
"
in
have been so enamoured of
this
phrase,
to the
distance
that he immediately
the same instant that he was sent to (or arrived in) hell, the garrison
" demanded," &c. (4)
Original
Jc.i»jlji.
Jy That
fcrn-d, from the circumstance of
the garrison were granted a capitulation
tlicir
may be
being sent the next day to their own army.
fairly in-
Tlius
it
appears, that the place was not taken by storm, but surrendered, in conseijuence of the death of the governor. (5) Original
jjjoj^ jL^-^jlU
^^_j*l«
TIP POO SULTAN. "
distance of ten coss.
They
^'
a great amount, and
among
" *'
pack up the baggage,
" and "
behind them in their camp
a half before sun-set.
night
their horses all
" the approach of the
and load their
if,
victorious
" another,
" At *'
army, they Mould immediately take to fifteen
flight.
times in the course of a single
did not prevent their plundering one
as often as a convenient occasion for the purpose occurred.
who
length Tukojee Holkar,
chiefs of
" point of
birth, to
held a superior rank
together with Rasta,
people,
this
Madho Rao
who
situation, addressed Urzies "* to
*'
two horsemen."
Paishwa)
humble themselves
in
worthless
was, in fact, not inferior, in
our sublime Presence, which they sent us by
Tippoo then proceeds to give the substance of the writers, as usual,
among the
himself, conceiving a just alarm at their [perilous]
"
(the
with them, every day, an hour
while they slumbered, any one gave an alarm of
however,
All this vigilance,
night.
cattle
months,
last four
In this situation they would continue mounted on
and
:
various stores to
the rest a quantity of shot and powder.
" This they would frequently repeat ten or
"
^'
had been the constant practice of the enemy, during the
It
to
left
4/9
to the dust,
making the
letters in question,
and speak of their own sovereign
terms of disrespect, utterly incredible.
They
are
made
to con-
clude by imploring his compassion for themselves and his unworthy son,'^ and intreating tations
him
to send a confidential person to them,
" Budriiz
On
Zuman Khan,
*
in
compliance with their
we
are servants.
desire,
The camp
Probably the hideen. (7)
is
'
our master stands in the place of a son to yours,
Pardon us
for the evils
which we have,
by our own
alVair
The
here spoken of
is
Jj—jLi U j
Tippoo, or rather
J.^H jj^ji by Hydcr Ali.
Original bju.^
•
and fault,
brought
" hmying-place."
the battle of Kopid, alluded to in the Futhid-Muja-
I.)
letter of an inferior to a superior
(8) Original
(9)
here, as on other occasions, called their il^.,yj^ or
(See Appendix
sent
the Mahrattah leaders ad-
" (6)
I
Ali Riza, and other great men,*'' to negotiate with them.
the arrival of the latter in the enemy's camp,
" dressed them, saying,
"
represen-
and proposals.
" Accordingly," continues the Sultan, "
"
to receive their
;
an humble address; a petition or memorial.
alluding to the pretended adoption of the
rau/iuaUy
480
SELECT LETTERS OF
"
'
brouglit
"
'
present our master, according to custom, with a Httle money, and one or two
"
'
villages
"
'
his father.''"*
upon the country
this being
:
To
;
and
by way of sweetmeat,
your sovereign,
no more than such a favor as a son
is
entitled to claim
of
they added a declaration, that they were the victims
this
" of Nizam Ali Khan's seduction.
"
let
In
many
they made
fine,
humiliating pro-
testations of this kind."
In proof of the constant terror which the Mahrattahs were under, of being surprized
by the Sultans army, Tippoo proceeds
for peace, intelligence
happening to be conveyed to them by some of their
make
that he was preparing to instantly sent for
to relate, that during the negociations
upon them, Holkar and the
a night attack
Budruz Zuman Khan and Ali Riza,
inteihgence which had been received, conjured
them
and
Riistas
them of the
telling
two camel couriers
to dispatch
immediately to their master, to intreat that the intended attack might be quished,
declaring,
at
whatever demands the
"
Sultan,
the same time,
latter
it
"
It
was
in the report
The
Mahrattah camp.
"
stances, beseeching
in vain," pursues the
which had been brought to them, and that
my
aforesaid chiefs,
persisted in their
nevertheless,
people, for the love of
God, to do
as
Thus importuned, the
aforesaid persons
" wishes of the Mahrattah commanders, tents,
at length agreed to
saying, that they
and immediately write the necessary
" the others observed, that much time would be " treated
my
lost in
ujjon them.
comply with the
would return
writing
to their
Upon
letters,
this
and in-
people to dispatch at that moment, and in their presence, a verbal
" message on the subject,
nothing else could
as
" confidential servants perceiving that the
" them
fall
on the occasion.
letters
in-
they required, and
" by this means save them from the ruin which must otherwise
"
comply with
to
was impossible for such a thing to take place while they continued in the
*'
*'
relin-
that the aforesaid persons [his Valieels\ assured the chiefs in question,
" that there was no truth
"
that they were ready
might make on them.
spies,
distrust the
at ease.
My
the Mahrattah chiefs
made
set their
fears of
minds
promise which they had given to write, determined, in the
" end, (10) Original xvliich the
ij->ji='
^r:^ ^ J
It is
not improbable
tliat
Mahr.Mtalis were willing, at this time, to place
as the territorial elaiuiSj whicli they
still
continued to
tliis
tlie
might be the footing upon
pecuniary demand, as well
make upon
the Sultan,
TIPPOO SULTAN. " end,
to satisfy
" of camel message
*'
them
in their
own way
and, for this purpose, sending for a pair
;
they dehvered to the
couriers,
to us, purporting that the
*'
begged that we would not
*'
conducted by a party of the enemy's
*'
pursued their
*'
o'clock in the morning,
way with
camp
in the utmost distress,
These
that night.
new
Kimucligheery, to a
" was abundance of
The
(11)
at three
message with which they had
to us the
answer, and the three coss from
position along the banks of the Tuniihuddra, where there
pasture.*"*
circumstance, which gave vise to is
related
by the Sultan
The
Q
3 tahs on this occasion,
couriers being
camp, where they arrived
" been charged. I sent them back at day-light with a satisfactory " same morning moved, as I had previously determined, about *'
and humbly
horse beyond the Mahrattah camp,
great speed to our
and delivered
in the hearing of the chiefs, a
latter,
enemy was
assault their
481
intelligence conveyed to the Mulirat-
thf. false
in
terms to the following
Contrary to
eflect.
had given orders, over night, that no foragers should go out the following morning, as it was his intention to march. This order coming to the knowledge of the Mahrattah spies, who were harboured secretly in the camp of the Mahrattah Bdrgeers, or his established custom,
lie
liircd cavalry, in the service of Tijipoo,
they converted
den attack upon the Mahrattah
and hastened
The
mation.
»y!///(/«
position,
had with him,
at this time,
upwards of
had served himself and
his father
after the occurrence
which has been related.
" the It
was
infidels
was *'
pressly says, that, excepting
in the instance
communicate the orders of march iti
is
•'
hour
*'
cade [or retinue]."
falling into
Since that time," observes the Sultan,
my
movements."
own admission
the Sultanas
mentioned,
it
had been
and never verbally.
his
The
:
general,
morning, and the assembly at five.*
it
line of
in his
These orders, whicli
commanding the pre-
seems, was accustomed to beat at three o'clock
in
the
After the inadvertency, of which he confesses himsclt'
Among
Memoirs)
he ex-
for
uniform practice to
such an march, follow our special caval-
to have been guilty in the above-mentioned instance, the Sultan ticular on this point thiin ever.
one was (as stated
in question, ;
to
your proper station on the
who
he disbanded soon
whom they were always delivered at nine o'clock "To-morrow the army marches. Parade at tenor
and corps,
This was their
ceding night.
whom
by the Sultan, on the occasion
This
xcritnig,
in
of
all
the Persian language, were sealed, and directed to the several
officers of divisions
and
"
;
have ceased to receive intelligence respecting
contrary to his established custom."
;
thither, accordingly, with the infor-
about seven thousand of these horse,
fifteen years
said above, that the verbal order issued
were written
into a notice to prepare for a sud-
it
became more
strict
and par-
other regulations which he framed on this occasion,
to give scaled roulci, to officers in the
command
of marching corj)s.
•
and
Though I do " assembly,"
were intended
to
not
know
yet there
that is
any terms were applied by the SuUan
no doubt
ansnci the same
that the
purjjoiic.
two diMinci
to these signals,
notices mciitioni J (and
corresponding with our
"
general,"
which weie given by the kciilc-dium)
482
SELECT LETTERS OF
The
Sulian, after giving the foregoing account of the alarm occasioned to the
Mahrattahs by his intended movement, and of the
which *'
it
my
Mahrattahs
*'
received from us,
;
by a conduct
" expect], had advanced
[into
entirely the contrary [to
my country],
by just
much chastisement
to repel their aggression,
*'
thetHy
•*
to this point, I agreed to an accommodation,
**
rtqfees.
and make them
The
I sent to
had a right to
judged
it
necessary
Having brought the business accordingly
peace.
and
to give
them twelve
lochs of
Lewai Madhee Rao,^'"
him, together with a Kulgy and Surpaish of precious stones,
and an elephant.
I also sent
the same to
an elephant, with a dress and jewels, to Tukojee
Rao Rasta and
to
Hurry Pundit.
These presents
I
forwarded by the hands of confidential Vakeels.
**
**
"
I
as should suffce to satisfy
treaty being concluded, I wrote [a letter] to
" Holkar ; and
**
solicit
so
what
I consequently
*'
*'
gone to war with the
intention, in the beginning, to have
but when they, thinking proper to requite the favors they had
**
" which
manner
suggested to him, proceeds in the following
was not
It
and regulations
reflections
The
treaty concluded
on
this occasion
Nizam All Khan and Madhee Rao,
by the embassadors of the
consisted of three articles to the following
Tbe^first stipulated, that on this side the Nurhudda,
eflfect.
Sircar, with
Nizam Ali Khan,
**
Pandit Pordhan, Madhee Rao, and the Usud-IUiye Sircar, should
**
ronain united together, each ruling over his proper
'*
fourth person should
^
the «lli^
^
disagreement might haj^ien to subsist
**
provided, that the disagreement in question shoold be suspended £diiiing the
**
omtinaanoe **
Tbe
all
make an
[hostile] attempt
territories
:
all
and that
three if
any
upon the country of any one of
three were, in sodi case, to join in repelUng the same, whatever
ol*
b^ween them
at die time;
being
it
the estemal danger or aggressionj.
ft^ws :........*
seoood artide was as
Here, f«v^e&.
to
T%Kse rcmties K^ere
'wrlbk^
tt3»e
corps
wtip
K^T,
tiM
ttiicQir ;o'incn!iiii)(d,
i^tte.
tiiil
ianuS
sa •tsm,
lotaiamiaSsiisn'
Ak
fJLS])
m'jss
mmiiiDbsiwIioin tibe
tm povioeed vm
TUvese mcwices, ^x
ttbe
omtade, 1,2,3, 4,Suu tbe Srst
£rst
rantcTs,
day ; wore
ttlie
XMat to
be opemed tilll due
aind, in CaOt, oonuiiDQiKKid tibcmr oSa^^s iiiwir^. "T^ffiytfT liiiinff
iwfis jtctiuiilllj xDt mmotaicnn, tSoeine
km igiumuDoc
lof
wsss idae Ikss (dauber
sftucif^
secoi»i, its
tie
of a
ui^ t3ae place
on
tlic
foiUow-
timopsliaiiS
moTed
As, by iMs cuniu ifaiace, &c&n
pokiiit
its>
wliadh
Ibe wras
to nuuicii
preanaubDure dusoiinncirjf
dec-
T^ SaMaa esvsv wibene cMt die PMulmt, ySstMsesz ^^mmmamF^ mtsaesA s£ JiMhosi).
TTPPOO SULTAW. Here, as before
said, the
483
manuscript abruptly passes to a description
of the miserable condition to which the Mahrattahs were reduced by the war.
On
this
subject the Sultan asserts,
that the Mahrattah chiefs
themselves assured his Vakeels, that independently of those fallen in battle, they
since the
ally consisted
near a hundred thousand
the Sultan's
of four or
was continued
Mahrattah war. though,
lost
men by
sickness,
commencement of the campaign.
Here my copy of
rative
had
who had
if
Memoirs
five leaves
at present ends
:
but
it
more, in the course of which the nar-
for a short period
beyond the termination of the
I apprehend that the Sulta7i never completed the
I recollect rightly,
found among his papers. doubt those documents
origin-
some memoranda
work
for the purpose
were
If this should have been actually the case, no will, at
some future season, be communicated
to the public.
3
Q
2
SELECT LETTERS OF
484
POSTSCRIPT.
Afteh
the preceding sheets
had gone
I
to press,
Warre Malet with some communications,
Charles
the peace announced in the foregoing dispatch.
was favored by
Sir
relating principally to
These, though received
too late to be applied, in the proper places, to the elucidation of those parts of the Sultan's correspondence which they would have served to
explain or illustrate, appeared to suppressed.
I
me
of too
much
value to be altogether
considered that the diligent reader might
pleased, convert
them
to the use just adverted to;
still,
he
if
and that they would,
at least
form a record, of which the future historian of the period
in
question
might
have, for these reasons, thought
it
avail
himself
1
proper, with the permission of Sir Charles Malet, to insert
them
in this
place.
The
docviments, here spoken of, consist of translations of five curious
letters
from Tippoo Sultan to Budruz Zuraan Khan, and of an extract
from the private journal of the Resident, commencing the 20th December 1786, about which time the Sultan appears to have made some overtures of peace to his adversaries, which were rejected by the latter
but of which no trace
is
discernible, either in the correspondence or the
it is
clearly
Budruz Zuman Khan
to the
memoii'S.
Indeed,
CCCCXXX,
shown by the journal, that the mission of Mahrattah camp, mentioned
must have been the second on which that
employed, although of his former
fruitless
in Letter officer
embassy no notice
is
was any
where taken
Of
TIPPOO SULTAN. Of the
five letters to
Budruz Zuman Khan/') mentioned above,
given only one (which, in
CCCCXXX) much
4i$
tlie
I have
order of time, immediately follows Letter
the others, though not less interesting, belonging to a
;
later period than that
being no reason to doubt the authenticity of the
on the contrary,
is
There
embraced by the present pubhcation.
strongly confirmed by
letter in question
(which,
conformity, in point both of
its
matter and manner, with other productions of the Suliaiis pen), I can
no otherwise account posing that
it
my
for its not appearing in
may have been deemed by
collection,
than by sup-
the writer of too delicate (or
rather indelicate) a nature, to be entered in the usual registry of his
coiTcspondence.
must,
It
same time, be allowed, that many
at the
things are preserved in that record, of which the Sultan had
still
greater
near Kopul, 4th Eezidy, year
Dullo
cause to be ashamed.
LETTER daied from Hucly,
(or 29th Janua7y l/S/.J **
" person of palankeen rank,
" Huninunt Rao was
sick
;
and three others belonging
" Bhao's thus
;
service.
while
Tell Ilolkar and
thei/,
He
**
Rao
old are of
would advise them
origin, I
to get
is
become
useless.
Rasta, that princes and great chiefs act
It
is
no use
some of
" named Ghulam Mohyuddeen, who "
Mahrattahs.
to the
says he has two brothers in Pursaram
on the contrary, have carried
" and Aum'dddr, who being
Rao, a
but has bad due attendance, both in medicine and
" provisions, and was then sent back.
"
Hunmuut
In these days some of our cavalry have taken prisoners
is
off
from Surhutti/ the Kilaaddr
to the Sircar, but being of a noble
Also a Kilaaddr,
their offspring.'**
young
;
the custom with them
but, being [*. e.
wounded
in the foot
the Mahrattahs] to get the
" breed (1)
Although Sir Charles Malet has forgotten by what means these
possession,
Zumrm
it is
not improbable that
Kiiaii, at the
time
ih:;i
tiie
originals ihcniseivcs, or copies of them,
That
is,
letters
came
In this case,
it
is
easy to conceive
might reach the hands of the
from the Mahratiah women.
into
liis
were found among the eHccis of liudrQz
that ofliccr, after the surrender of Dhrirwar, in 1791,
shamelully pillaged by the Malnattahs.
{'2}
originals
how
was so
either the
British resident.
SELECT lsttehs
4S6 " breed ef h©fiei '*
)
thtrefore
it
right that they have'tcept ihete people also for a
One Kishun
Doubtleii their offspring will be good.
breed.
He
" been detained by the tbove.
" Btahmem employ him " useless people, *•
ii
01^
and
:
they please, send them
have a great
as I
who may
also,
if rigidly
Let the
many
SuUan
be employed in
really intended that his embassador,
pregcribed, to the persons with
whom he had
leemi too extravagant to be admitted
lam,
:
offensive
employed in
language here
to treat, yet the supposition
therefore, inclined to think,
that if the letter before us proceeded from any thing else but a ebullition of spleen, raillery, in
it
was probably meant
« 20th Dietffiber lfS6» **
Khin
**
Tlpp6©j with
**
1
**
Pmmh
**
will
arrlN^d at
**
ft
Tuk^e©
Mmdent
tleni
" 28th
Charles Warre Malet,
Mahmitah
and
Pqonah.
at
On
C5a»«jt>.—
retinue ©f flv© hundred horse and a
if
the 17th BudrGz
Zum&n
Helkar's eamp, in this army, as embassador from
8th Hurry Pundit gave him an audienee.
" 30th
to display that talent of coarse
fi'Qm th^ JousNAii of Sir JBttrt^
e©me
mere
the exercise of which he was particularly fond of indulging.
EXTRACT
I
other
understood, the preceding letter would warrant a
a peaeei ihouid actually hold the
tiigdciating
do not want.
(Written by Mirz4 Husan.)'*^
the
belief, that
in getting children
I will, if
the same way."
Although,
likewise, being old, I
Rdo, likewise, has
An
company of
Sepot/s.
The
express was immediately sent to
a favorable answei' arrives to Tippoo's proposals, Biirhfmiiddeen
t© lettle the eenditiens of peaee.
Deeeffiber.
M&kmtiak Campt
five
miles east of
K^hI.
—^The proposi^
made by Tipj»© Sultan being r^eeted by the Malirattah Government, the initant hii
FaAeel had his audienee ef
leave.
is
but espeeted to depart, unless his master consent to the terms ofiered
**
stiU here
**
by the Mahi^ttah gevernment and Nii4m AU KhAn.
*^
the TkH^^vtiMhti six
\
Tlie Faketty however,
Tippoo
is
encamped oa
seven leagues ofll
« 14th i^i)
fefte)
^my ©f i^ fe,y tfee
'Skiiiim''%
Mim'^
w
im^ts a» w^U
as ©ther ^p«(^, at* subscribed, like the present
*e«retary» em^by«ij| t©
|^
it.
TIPPOO SULTAN. " **
14tli
Mahraftah Camp.
January 1787.
Bundeh while
his
487
—^Tippoo having attdcW
Fakeel wa« in the Mahrattah army, llarry PonUlt Furkia,
« the commander of the Mahrattaiu, was \&ry much displeaied
"
instant, at midnight, dismissed the f'aheel,
**
enemy's camp by a body of horse.
" from BehdMr Bundeh. '^
B^liMdr
On the
7*^*
who was escorted mthio siflU @f th«
On his arrival,
lOtli
and m) tbg
}
the trenehtf w<^e withdrtwi*
an expess arrived from Tippoo {
supposed the answer was unfavorable, as on th^ 12th Tippoo
httt it i»
rmm^
\m
fim
" on BehdMr Bundeh, which was taken by assault ih& Idtli^ tliougH 0»r n^rmy " was within four or five leagues of it- A pestilential di«or4er prevsib in i\m ^rmy**
21st Jannaiy.
MaJirattah Camp.
—Tlve enemy having a4y«8«^
camp, we broke »p abowt eii^t
**
tioa to attack our
"
retreated to KunuchgJieery, diirty co««
**
we now
**
The enemy **
Tbae
are. is
no
i»
talk
of
m wi»*g o'dwk
from /M^>^ and t©»
j*eace at j>reseat.
i»te»-
9i »ifht>
«s^
Mmdgul, yAwrs
frofli
The
**'ith
skkness giiW peysijis.
about eleven cm$ from ««,
4th February.
—Iamio<;linedtothi»k,
Poonah.
among the
that what with
and Mahrattah £^i^$, the
of
ttn^ p^sti
-
**
diat prevail
<<
leac£,
**
ben of the va^ army
**
expected from
**
ancfa progrei* to 4h
**
by
**
and t«ndker tbem masters of
**
inovalfj. <*
**
>loghtil
and the iocompeteoey of
wfagidi
it.
At the
be wrodd give
fiume tim<; I
tijke
«llli£«
»iU
so
Fondi^s a«»th(^ty
hk emamsmd, »o
a.«»embk«I tindar
d& tiM. limk
oppsxibiwtiity
ov^
tJj^
^mi nnm'
f»ig»t ^^f^rt^Lpn i$ 69
Tiipp«io
mil im
h#
»^ i9 imiss
m^mm^m^ hk
<<>>f
s^mfiy§f
t^ adv,ai3iUb^ ^mtf £r
PxmhmJL lOdaFdMvary. MaAra/taJkCkimy.'-^tM.F^bmsacy,
^
t|ielater^iadw«of Tippoo*« ptioposaKhe^tiilprofl^^
-^ ralttahetioaiia^j«eaoei3t; '^
Hony
ravaf)gs
ElKsIkar,
b»
asidkwiiig(a«(evyinadj;a|9peaa%)(WiaM^
asalnffiador,
Bodmuz Zntaoaa
lyikttfii^
m csmi^ »^m
asrmaii
itam
ttHtkt:
« 234 naSitaiBiKi, •iraida AB Biizi, f(MiHM.T!)y^ "of Arml. Om ^tiii bs tnnffi, itikuKU^ " lAsMtsef* ae£aitk«iL, adixuMied tto ao avHfifiiiKie (of Hiuiry PtuoidiX;, miA ^as ftensab' tlbiie
"^ «<
swna to
tnedUHtada ibiiU
|iiReB£aait
libe furtilKir id«itier«umatacca
piTic^»»a!k
;
and,
(OOHKbrary
to
>cif
:gocHennaDi«xKt «ati Ate ^a^^oitfied <«»
nt^iNiiRtie
'Wstne
ji»)eA'.aSeut
SELECT LETTERS OF
488 " 17th February.
Mahrattah Camp.
—The
"
poo's last offers, his ambassador has left
*'
settle
the conditions.
" rupees
**
camp, and
with which
past,
and
now broken
" 5th March.
Poonah.
" Nana, informed,
that
to
pay three crores of
The
campaign.
months
afflicted for three
reported to have
is
he has taken from the Mahrattahs
for the expences of the
we have been
returned to his master to
is
announced, that Tippoo
is
for all arrears due, the country
" these ten years *'
It
Mahrattahs having accepted Tip
pestilence,
and
past, has subsided,
is '
out in Tippoo's army.
—On
for
the second instant
he had just received a
by message from
was,
I
from Hurry Pundit,
letter
the camp, he had received a letter
*'
mentioning that since Tippoo's Vaheel
*'
from him, advising that he should soon return, with the necessary documents
•'
for the conclusion of peace, as
"
master's signature,
"
the principal articles were the surrender of Nergitnd*^ and Kiftoor, the payment
*'
of the arrears of
" Ghiir
to the
" That
after
left
they were
dra\vn
all
which he expected would soon be
for his
them.
That
affixed to
and the confirmation of Bdddmy and Gnjiindur
tribute,
Paiskwa,
up and prepared
and the
restitution
Adoni
of
Nizam
to
Ali Kh^n.
being sent to Hurry Pundit, they would be forwarded for the
*'
consideration and ratification of the
"
part, as they
Durbdr \_Paishwas]
final
own
but, for his
;
were not yet signed by Tippoo, he could place no reliance on the
*'
VaTieeVs communication to
*'
state of the negociation,
Hurry Pundit, and had thus mentioned the
present
only as a mark of his confidence and friendship.
—This day,
be-
" tween the hours of twelve and one, Tippoo's Vakeel returned, with three
ele-
army
will
" Poonah.
*'
Mahrattah Camp.
7th March.
26th February.
phants and several camels, loaded w ith money.
" shortly march
to the
" 14th March.
is
reported, the
Kishna to await the second payment.
Mahrattah Camp.
(No
date).
—Five miles South of Moodgul.
" The treasure that arrived with the ambassadors
"
It
is
thought to be no more than
fifteen lacks.
" 24th
ditto,
" proper to inform
" any degree of
To
Poonah.
me
Governor General.
of the terras of the treaty
certainty,
is
the
payment of the
;
—Nana and
all
has not yet thought
that
I
can
collect,
with
tribute for four years, at eighteen
" lacks (4)
The Nergiind of the Correspondence.
TIPPOO bULTAN.
489
" lacks per annum, including Durhdr charges, and the surrender of Nergiind,
" which was reduced by Tippoo two years
(N. B. This peace seems to
ago."
have been mediated by Holkar and Rasta^ and was reported not to be approved oF by the Sindian party at the Durbdr.)
" 10th April.
To
Poonah.
the same.
" hgence from Behro Pundit, " arrived
camp, but that the
in
" 17th
Poonah.
April.
—On
half of Tippoo's
that
ratified treaties
— On
the Sth instant I received intelstipulated
payment had
were not yet exchanged.
day Nana assured me, that to the 13th
this
" instant the definitive treaty with Tippoo was not exchanged, though Tippoo *'
had written on the Sth of February
" Madras,
that
was
all
" 21st April.
" Sth May. "
"
To
Governor General.
To Governor me, that
ter formally acquainted
after
[Mahrattah] has
this place.
—On the 30th ultimo the minis-
General.
much
prevarication
on the part of Fut-
made with
that prince, and the
(Tippoo), peace was at length
''
—The army
march from the South towards
its
Poonah.
" tah Ali Klian
Ali and to the Governor of
settled to his satisfaction.
Poonah.
" certainly commenced
Nizam
to
exchanged, including, in one part, the Paishwa and Nizam Ali
ratified treaties
" Khan, and on the other Futtah Ali Khan.
Khan was
pay four
The
conditions of which were, that
years' arrears of tribute
due
*'
Futtah Ali
"
part of
*'
months; that Adoni was
"
to be surrendered to the
"
minister paused
*'
cation was to be understood as comprising the whole of the treaty
**
so, as the
•'
ing Shdnoor, and the discussions relative to Futtah Ali Khan's
to
which had been already paid, the balance
;
and
I
Paishwa,
who
be discharged in six
to
Mohabut Jung; Nergdnd is
Paishwa,
also to retain
doid
Kittoor
Here the
Bdddnvj.
was surprised, on enquiry, to find that this communi;
the
more
Paishivds surrender of Gujundur Ghiir, some circumstances conccrn-
" were matters of public " noticed
to be restored to
to the
in this formal
notoriety,
and which,
He
communication.
my
I,
titles
and address,
of course, expected would be
also declined
any formal congratula-
"
tion to the Paishtva,
"
scrupling to exj)rcss his want of confidence in Tippoo for the observance of
" peace thus concluded.
on
I
on the occasion,
part,
effect."
3 This was,
I
tlie
subsequently, by message, on the 3d, applied for
" further information, but without
(.5)
as too unimportant, not
believe,- a title conlVvicd
R upon Tippoo by
« Sth May. Sli.'ih
Alluni.
SELECT LETTERS,
490 ''
5th
May.
Poonah.
" from Tippoo " following
is
— Received
this
day from Secretary Hay, copy of a
Governor of Madras, dated
to
8tli
letter
February, from which the
extract.
" The Poonah army being pursued by mine has crossed the Krishna, and peace " has taken place between us
in the
country, and
own
manner
I
purpose returning to
*'
returned to their
"
a week, after quieting the disturbances raised
N. B. This
*'
letter
I
They
wished.
have, accordingly,
my
capital in about
by some Polygars
in these parts."
contained applications relative to some refractory boundary
" chiefs.
" 3d June. "
To Governor
Poonah.
to the late discussions
on Tippoo's
" hitherto the Paishiva used
first
"
to
him
"
if
a male, after a famous
of which, as at his birth
it
titles,
to address
" that he had now desired to be
"
General. -^In reply to
stiled
relative
the minister has informed me, that
him by the name
of Futtah Ali
Tippoo Sultan Khan Behadur.
Khan,
To
the
had no relation to royalty, but was actually the name given
by
his mother, in
consequence of a vow to name her child,
Mahommedan Peer,'"'
at Colar, in the Carnatlc,'^'^
" name was Tippoo Sultan, no objection could be made.
" formerly joined
my enquiries
to Futtah Ali,
That KJian,
was nothing new, and, in
fact,
" royalty that might otherwise be imputed to the word Sultan " appellation of Behadur was the only word of additional dignity " Paishwa's future addresses
to this prince,
who
is
did
as
whose it
had
away any
;
and that the
to
be used in the
not even styled
Nabob by
this
« Durbdr."
The Peer, among tlie Mussulmans of India, is a kind of guide. The word properly signifies an aged person, an elder. (6)
(7)
That
is,
the Balaghuut, or higher Carnatic, in which
ghostly father, or spiritual
Mysore
is
comprehended.
APPENDIX.
J
^^'^"^cy-'A^^i^jj^:
>J
-.
'0 ijh^j'.^
^. ^^.^r-^-V^-^^^-"^ r
/
/
/
fit
^
^
"
APPENDIX. APPENDIX, (Referred
Trakslation of
1^0. 1
to in the
A.
Preface.)
of the aiviexed Plate, being the
Memorandum
of Tirpoo Sultan.
"In
the y&iv Sehr, 1220 of the il/ott-foof/y tl"-! Ctl' of the monlh RnbbAny
[i.e.
the birth] of Mahommed,''' the
Ff}n"'l/
" Enghsh
,^
and the
Dewdn
Ndhub, Nizam
of the
Ah Khan, named Ghiilam
" Syed [and also called] by the title of Sohrab Jung, and Hurry Pundit " Phurkia, all these three persons came together [or united] to make war and " [after] taking Bangalore, Sawantydoorg, and other places, came to the royal " residence of Putn, when peace, upon the condition of [my] giving three crores ;
" and
thirty lacks of Imaumies [/. e. rupees] was settled, of which [sum] two " parts [/. e. two-thirds] were taken in money. And, at the time of [making] " peace, they did abundance of deceitful and bad things,'" of which there would
" be no end to the recital/^' In fine, after the peace, [they] took two of my " sons, Aabdul Khalik and Moizuddeen, in pledge [/. e. as hostages] and, toge" thcr with Ghiilam Ali Khan and Ali Riza Nurwail, took them away. And on " the 5 th of the month Rubbdny, corresponding with the 3d of the month Rujub, " year
a (1) If the year Sehr,
the appearance of the ttie
M.
1220, was meant to refer to the event stated immediately after, namely, before Scringapalam, the
memorandum
event in question did not take place in Schr 1^20, but
when he Sehr,
or
in
set
Zuburjui
out wiih a mistake
12I().
The
j
since
Sultan however,
took up his pen, might intend to begin with the mention of some transaction of the year but changing his mind,
1220,
commencement of month Rubbany," 1
A.
allies
memorandum. may be observed,
the it
have
With
passed abruptly
regard
that that
to
to
the subject
the interlined
which occupies the
and erased
was the day (corresponding with the
date,
" 5th of the
2(ith
of February,
792) on which the hostage princes quitted Seringapalam, and were delivered into the hands of Lord
Cornwallis.
It is
but, changing his (2) Original
probable, therefore, that the 5a/;a« was, at
mind
first,
about to mention that circumstance
again, proceeded to relate the previous appearance of the allies before
xiC>f \^\ uS'^j
^J ^Jj^
<3) Literally, " to where must
we
write
W '•
?
" ^^Y
iiis
;
capital.
"sed abundance of bad and deceitful words.".
APPENDIX.
11
1220'*'
year Sehr,
And l
Otli
Mahommed,
birth of
en
the above-mentioned sons, tlie tnonth
of
liujub, currcspondiii g'
M o nd ay
,
yea r
^2
1
p roceeded to the of the birth of
e.
settled]. -
t
he
being Monday, 1220 of the birth o f
Madras]
wi t h th e 24th of th e
,
and on the
month
2.')d
mon t h
of th e
Kihi/, year Sdhir, be ing
Mahommed, coming forth from Chinoputn and -trfter-s ome da 3- s arr tvedHn the P re s e nce at
V of-tho birth of
r iebe n c e,
on the 4th of
YoosiiJubiUl,
[j.
[or
Shuvwal, corr es ponding with
th e 9th of
Befuin/, year Scfir,
Malioiuiiied, enteied Chinaputn
peace was concluded
the
r,
month
Ruhbdny,
year
Ziihurjud,
1219
corresponding with the 2d of the month Riijub,
Mahommed,
A. H. 1206j proceeded from the royal residence towards the Nusdra [i e. the and on the 9th of the month Tukhy, year Sehr, 1220 of the Nazarenes] birth of Mahommed, answering to the 7th of the month Shuvwdl, A. H. ;
1206, entered
[or arrived at]
Chinaputn
[i.
e.
Madras]
:
and on the 27th
month Rdzy, year Sdhir, and 1221 of the birth of Mahommed, corresponding with the 25th of the month Shaabdn, A. H. 120S, being altogether twenty-two months and eighteen days, they came forth from Chinaputn and on the 27th of the month Ruhbdny, year Sdhir, and of the birth of Mahommed 1221, arrived in the Presence, -vvit4v Dov c ton, th e E nghsh^rmgy,
of the
;
at Yoosufdbdd, with
The
foregoing
Doveton, the English Fringy."
memorandum
is
followed
by
a minute (also in the Sultan's hand-
writing) wherein the Sultan, after stating his own opinion pretty fully, calls upoa with regard to the measures proper to his counsellors to deliver their sentiments, at this period (viz. the return of the
be pursued
hostages)
;
after whicli follows
a
and apparently designed to set the note of dates, furnished by Ali Riza Khan, Sultan right, with respect to some of those given in the engraved memorandum. The dates in question relate, 1st. to the arrival of the hostages at Madras ; &c., 2d. to their departure from thence
rence
and
;
specifying precisely the day and hour of each occur-
differing considerably, in both articles,
from the Sultans statement.
Translation
(4)
Here
the
SuUan
deliber.ntely
and
explicitly states the peace to have
should unquestionably be
Ztti«r/'H(f,
been concluded
A.M.
1219.
By
in the year
the peace, ihe
it or A. M. 1220, whereas to which, however, he does not give the date assigned to Sullan clearly means the preliminary articles ; to have been signed on the 22d February them in the definitive treaty, where they are distinctly stated
Sekr
Jumddihsdny, A. H. I20t> (and 1st of Rulbany, year Ztdurjwl, 1792, corresponding to the 28th of He probably reckoned the peace from the day on which his sons proceeded to the or A. M. 1219). actually executed. English camp, and not from that on which the preliminaries were
APPENDIX. Teanslation of Ko. 2 of Note, containing the joint Ali, on the *'
" " " " "
Minute or of Gbvlam Ali «>?(/ Syed Fuzl
the amjexed Plate,
opinion
being a
Colonel Doveton's
(question respecting
The humble
Ul
representation of your slaves
Nazarenes come along with the princes/"
He may
of no consequence.
is
it
If one person of the
this.
is
reception.
be
both honoured with an interview, and amused*' with the words of friendship,
Whatever
is
in the heart,
it
may
[nevertheless] remain there
and whether
:'"
[On
the interview takes place at Bangalore, or elsewhere, does not signify. the other hand]
*'
in case his
coming should be
some
set aside, it will excite
mistrust in their minds.'*'
" The humble representation of Ghulum Ali and Syed Fuzl
The
Ali."
manuscript, from which the two foregoing articles have been taken,
composed of
forty
of European paper,
leaves
of the size of quarto post
though several whole leaves and some pages are blank,
many
minutes here inserted,
it
:
is
and
contains, besides the
other curious and interesting documents, chiefly
questions proposed by the Sultan to his ministers, on political subjects, with their
answers subjoined, in their respective hand-writings.
APPENDIX (Referred to
The first
in the
Pheface).
account of the Sultans march from Seringapafam to B'uhiore, and of his
operations against General Matthews,
the manuscript,
which contained those
accident noticed in the Preface.
armies had been described follows
B.
;
Some
is
unfortunately wanting
having been destroyed
details,
previous skirmishing between the hostile
but what remains of
commences
the narrative
"A
a 2 lajh jli There are numerous proofs, besidei
a certain degree, the title of seals,
Shah, B&dshah, or King.
It
is
i^\ J'^J-'j " ^''a'ev'
>»
but he allowed himself to be addressed by
(2) Original
cVc^
(3) Original
u:_^«js u:
(4)
Jjlj
*»
as
this,
true
discharge
of the 5tt/
he did not
insert
it
on
his coin, or
on
it.
i5=>->^ \^Jr'Ji\ai fc
<^
u;^if J-sy-j^jS^U-yJ ty "
manner.
by the
:
(1) Original
liis
that part of
;
will pass into the
mind
'" '^'^
in a
''^*''' ''
manner,"
'" ''•"
that
is,
"an
unfavourable
APPENDIX.
IV
"
A discharge of
artillery
" the French
on/''
Then
of
"
at the distance of
Immediately on hearing
musquetry.
a hundred yards)
loss
the troops of the Usud-Ilhye,^''
people, advancing on each side of the road,
"
" about
and musquetry succeeded, which occasioned the
who looked
of a few of those
*'
and
gave another discharge
this discharge,
I
(being then seated
advanced rapidly with a division, when
The
sixty of the English people were sent to hell.
rest being
pursued
" behind them the two guns they had previously seized on and thus the " Nazarenes were driven back, discomfited and disheartened, to [the :
" occupied by] their worthless leader, who thereupon, with
left
aforesaid
position
all his forces,
sought
" [refuge in] the fort and batteries. Writings of the said worthless leader were " found in the pockets of four of the English Sirdars [or officers] who were among " the slain. '^' On this day about three hundred Nazarenes were made prisoners " and twenty guns taken. On the second, or following day, 1 myself, taking two " thousand light troops with me, attacked and gained possession of a large povvder-
" magazine at some distance from the fort, and of a magazine of grain close to it. " Six hours after the capture of these two places, the enemy sent about four " thousand men to attack us. This force advancing by a concealed route [or " secretly^, an action ensued between them and the Usud Il/ii/e army, in which " both parties, passing from the fire of musquetry, fought with the bayonet and " sword. On this occasion, also, about two hundred of these good-for-nothing people were sent to
**
A
hell.
few persons,
too,
" Sircar tasted the sherbet of martyrdom " wounded, was carried off by the Nazarenes.
of
army
the
and one Risdladdr,
;
Ahmedy
of the
after
being
" The third day I had all the powder and grain removed from the said maga" zines, and lodged in a place of safety. On the same day, the Nazarenes set " fire to the palace of the Rdjuh, and to ten or twelve other noble buildings ; " keeping
up,
"
the wall [of the outer town] which was not reached by their shot.
sjxice of
also,
such a
fire
[from their guns],
that there was not a span's
« (1) Original •writer
^^L-j
liUj "
beholders
of
the
By
spectacle or diversion."
probably meant to convey the idea, that the resistance
made by
On
expression
the
the English, on this occasionj
was
this
trilling.
(2)
This term seems
converts to the (3)
to
seals
cap.ible of reading
troops in general.
to
and from English
and explaining their contents,
or,
to obtain a translation of
officers
in
letters
Either he had no persons about if
he had, he did not
any of these
of the
command, were found
letters,
ch'ise to
trust
:
at
who
liini
ihem.
by means of his English
unknown but it is probable, that if he luul fallen on this expedient, nnd had found many of them would not have remained unoptrncd to the day of his death.
is
answer, so
tiie
have derived any information from the intercepted
of which had never been broken.
Whether he ever endeavouied
not the particular body composed of
elsewhere called Usud Ilhyes, but
Great numbers of dispatches,
Seringapatam, the
prisoners,
througliont tliese Meinoirs,
faiih,
Tippoo would not appear
Engliib.
were
to imply,
Mahomnaedan
it
to
APPENDIX.
V
On the fourth day, carrying on my approaches in front of the Ddrdl " Imdret, and in front of the mosque, and by two other sides, I erected "
'
"
batteries close to the fort, in
*'
to be
"
I
removed from the walls of the Aazarenes had conveyed
I'lie
" the
which
city],
about
fifty
placed
some
which
large guns,
I
had caused
city.
into the fort, from the different magazines [of
and a
thousand shot,
The
vast quantity of powder.
remainder, consisting of about two hundred thousand shot, one hundred " thousand nils- of lead, and five hundred thousand ?///** of powder, besides an " innumerable quantity of other stores, fell into our hands. *'
" Having next fixed on a high sjX)t, " mounted with guns, at sight of which
1
caused batteries to be constructed and
the Nazaroies, witlwut religion, opened " a very heavy fire. When the said Nazarenes became tired [of firing], the " batteries of the Ustdd Ilhye opened their fire, discharging from four to five " thousand shot and in this manner did the firing continue, on the part of the " Usud- Illiye Sircar, for five or six days. As to the Nazarenes, they did not fire ;
" a
single shot from the fort
" the
What
on the second day.
(ire
they kept up was on
first day the reason of which was this. The fire from without was so hot, " that no creature within the fort durst approach their guns [for the purpose of " working them], while General Matthews (the name of their worthless leader) :
to be made, crept or slunk into the same. There was " not, in short, a span's space throughout the fort, which the shot of the Usud " Ilhi/e guns did not reach, or where the blood of the A^azarenes was not spilt. *'
causing a
'•"
"
On the fifth day the Nazarenes, during a stomi of rain, rushed from a " concealed place, and attacked our intrenchmcnts but the Ahmedy troops being " on their guard, the infidels were repulsed at the point of the sword and bayonet, :
" many of them being seized by the legs, and " people of the Sircar into the trenches. The " them, iled in confusion into the fort.
thrown by the
in that condition
leaving their
rest,
wounded behind' « After
(4)
i. e.
(5)
1
either a
"
the liouse, or place, of nobilily."
Probably, the principal edifice in the
have elsewhere supposed, that by the word
much
liere
given,
^\
we
^%\
utl,
a
maund
(or
smaller weight was intended by that term, or there must be
since
these carry
should read
^lU
the qnanlities of
r«, a
weight equal to eighteen
might be meant not the Benoal Baznr mniind, of forty
maund oftworulls and
powder beyond
lead and
82
some
seers, or eighty :
was meant;
error in the
credibility.
ounces avoirdupois
three quarters, or three pounds avoirdupois
lbs.)
foit.
;
Perhaps for
or, possibly,
by an ull
pounds avoirdupois, but the Mocha
1 incline,
on the whole,
to the latter
explanation. (6)
The word which
I
have
left
untranslated
is
not legible
;
but
numbers
ul least I
can
make nothing of
it.
APPENDIX.
VI
" After
this,
my
pushed on
I
*'
every other side,
"
up, that not a single
nearer
still
man
;
approaches before the gate of the
and caused such
a fire
fort,
and on
of musquetry to be kept
of the Nazurenes, within the
durst ascend the
fort,
"
walls, or come near their guns. In this manner did the Nazarenes altogether " make three sallies, in considerable force but were each time repulsed with great " loss, and compelled to slink back, like mice, into the fort. Thus did hostilities ;
continue during ten days. On the eleventh day the Nazarenes begged for " quarter, and sent me the draft of terms of capitulation, consisting of the seven
*'
*'
following articles
"
Article
'
1.
Neither the troops of the Sircar of the Usud-Ilhye, nor the
"
'
inhabitants [^Ryots] of the country of the Sircar, shall, after
"
'
fort, spit in
"
"
'
"
our
Article 2.
'
'
Article 3.
stores,
"
'
"
'
"
'
we
"
'
ment you please upon
be in our possession, we
us.
left to
us
;
up the same
will deliver
:
and
may
take with
;
consent to be considered criminal.
Inflict [in that case]
"
'
Articles.
Let some ships of the Sircar be
" "
'
Sircar, at a fixed price.
"
'
price of the
"
'
men
"
'
embark on board of
"
'
escort.
home]
'
'
:
and
Article 6,
us, as
lent to us
[for
conveying us
us be favored with grain, and other articles of provision, by the
same
shall
Ships
shall [chuae
Article 7.
with
let
whatever punish-
us.
Let us have a safe-guard to the sea-side.
'
guns, musquets,
Damn or Dirm''^' of money or goods and if, upon search by the people of the Sircar, any thing of the kind should be found upon us,
Article 4.
"
let
we should
if
us to the value of a
'
"
and
belonging to the Sircar,
cattle,
"
'
evacuate the
&c. be taken by the Sircar.
Whatever money, goods, or
'
" "
wound
Let our private property be
money, goods, military
"
"
or abuse us, or
faces,'"'
we
Two
we
own
arrive at our
be furnished
to
to]
After
embark.
for the
amount of the
conveyance of whatever number of
But those who may not consent
by land
ship, shall be dispatched
Sirdars
hostages,
place, the
be sent.
until
[i. e.
officers of
Bombay, under an
rank] of the Sircar shall remain
our embarkation
Whenever
to
[or like] to
;
and two Nuzarene Sirdars to
'
remain with the Sircar.
'
the Presence, the two Nazarene Sirdars shall be dispatched [or sent back to us.]
the Sirdars of the Sircar shall return to
" (7)
Of
this strange stipulation
it
may be
sufficient to observe, that
it
is
much more
I
agreed
credible that
ehould be an exaggeration or oiistatement (not to say an absolute invention) of the Sultan, (hnn that should have actually proceeded from Gi?neral Matthews. this
volume, that the Sultans regard to truth was
occasion on which he was so likely to deviate fronj (S)
The
lowest denomination of money.
far
it
We
have abundant proofs,
from being very
as in speaking
strict
:
in
it
it
the course of
and perhaps there was no
of the English.
APPENDIX. "
vVl
agreed to these proposals, and, according to the request of the Nazarenes,
I
" caused two
treaties, one in Persian, and the other in English, to be drawn up " to which were affixed my seal and signature, and, in like manner, the seal and " signature of the Nazarencs. One of the treaties was kejit by the Sircar, and " the otiicr was given to the Nazarenes. The following morning the A'azare7}es :
" preparing [or assembling] all their people within the fort, loaded such parts of " the Tosheh-klidneh of the Sircar as consisted of specie, on mules, horses, and " bullocks, bearing the mark^' of the Sircar, and distributed the
rest
of the
" articles amongst their people On after which they came out of the fort. " passing the gate, the worthless chief of the Nazarenes first, drawing his <' sword, delivered up the same with his own hand after which, all the rest, " amounting to about two thousand two hundred A^azarenes, and ten thousand " infantry, native troops, grounded their arms, and proceeded to the encamp" ment assigned them without the city. Tlie next day, sending for Matthews ;
:
" (the name of their worthless leader) and their other worthless commanders, I " demanded of them, whether the treaty which they had executed the preceding " dav was right [or valid] or not right. To this they all answered, that on that
"
Here-
point there was not any doubt, and that the treaty was right [or valid].
" upon I sent to them about twenty principal men and Sirdars of the Sircar, " through whom I thus interrogated them. " "
'
M'hat
the reason that, contrary to the treaty, you have taken with you
is
money and goods
[of the .SVrcar],
'
the
" " "
'
the Sircars country, dressing
'
reason that
'*
'
"
'
'
and
them up
also the prisoners
in
made by you
your own apparel
?
What
is
in
the
you have loaded cattle, bearing the mark of the Sircar, with specie, and carried the same away ? Finally, why, at the time of your evacuating the fort, did you distribute among your people the Tosheh-Midneh of the Sircar
?
" Their answer "
[to these
demands] was,
'
that tlicy had no knowledge of the
' matter and that if the Sircar had any suspicions, and did not put trust in " ' their declaration, a search might be ordered by the Sircar.' To this 1 replied, " through the Sirdars, ' that it would be best for them to issue positive orders to " their people to deliver up to the Sircar whatever coined money of the Sircar, ;
'
"
" " "
made
in the territories of the Sircar, or cattle, goods, &.c. they
had
'
captives
'
taken with them.'
•
nor any of their people, had a single duitm or dirm [farthing], or retained a
'
single hair of
In reply to this they declared,
any inhabitant of
this
country
;'
'
that neither themsilvcs,
proposing, at the same time,
" that (9)
of
The mark
j-!S*=^
here alluded to probably consisted either of
llie
lyger stripe or the letter
ilyder), both of which were emplcycJ by the Sultan for such purposes.
_
(the
initial
APPENDIX.
Vlll
" that a guard of the Sircar should be placed over them, and that a search should " be made, and [every thing] taken [that might be found]. After much " altercation on their part, the Sirdars of the Usud-Ilhye took from them, and " brought [to me] a writing to the above
" accursed, worthless. Sirdars
" they then occupied by them]
"
in the road,
as a
Hereupon
dismissed the
I
and on the second [or following] day, having
:
" surrounded them with guards,
*•
effect.
caused them to march from the
1
to the vicinity of another spot
The
burying ground.''"'
encampment
[which had been appropriated
Sirdars of the Sircar, placing themselves
examined them, one by one,
as
The
they passed.
accursed ones
"
were, in consequence, found to have concealed in every seam of their clothes, " Hydei'y Hoons [pagodas'\ and jewels. They had also made holes in sheep's " heads, which they had filled with pagodas.'-"' Some had concealed pagodas in
"
loaves of bread
;
others within
Hukkah
snakes, and
Hdkhah bottoms
while
;
" several had even resorted to the most indelicate means of concealment :"'
all
of
" which were detected by sweepers, and other Sdmries, appointed for the purpose " by the Sircar.'-''' Many young people, also, male and female, natives of the " country of the Sircar, were found disguised in the dress [of the Nazarenesl. " These captives, of their own accord, set up a loud cry, [by which means] about " five hundred were discovered. The search being over, I had the worthless
" Sirdars placed separately, the Nazarene people separately, and " separately and as they had not acted conformably with their
the other infidels
;
written engage-
" ments, I made the whole prisoners, and distributed them throughout the " country. During the investigation, ten or twelve Musulman women (Syeds and *' Shaikhs) who had been made captives, or slaves, by the infidel Nazarenes, at *'
Sural and
in
among
Bejigal, were found
their people.
"
likewise separated from the Nazarenes, and restored to " permitted to depart. " After this, passing the Ghauts, I proceeded, by five or
"
which
fort Kdridl-biinder [Mangalore],
is
an excellent
These persons being were
their freedom,
six days'
marches, to
fortress, erected by'"" the
" Ahmedy ajJJWj^ s^^jJl* ^li
(10) Original
(U)
This
(12) That (13)
been
is
a doubtful passage.
is,
by
is
>ij>iy_
to say, that the outcasts only
JuJo w/jj
i^^
*'\*~'Ji
^^^ ic^J'^ iJj^ rL)}-' i^^
were employed
in this service, as
any others would have
it.
(14) Original
tijljc^!
y
literally
" n^M'/y
the period mentioned immediately after,
meant by the expression, not built
^Xd ^j\ji ^j\>- (JJi>^J <-^.'^j'
The original
according to the original,
He means
defiled
i'^
(as
I
erected ;" which, however, not agreeing very well with
have,
in
my
translation, omitted the adverb.
might be supposed) that the
fortress in question
by himself, but sinre the acquisition of Canara by bis father.
The
had been
Sultan
recently
APPENDIX. " Ahmedij Sircar, and on which,
IX
in tlie course of five
An
and twenty years, about
who had
''
twenty
•'
been honored with the
**
Here I arrived and on the second [or following] after crossing another Glmut [or passj situated two coss on this side of the said fort, encamped near the city. The worthless Nazarene, who commanded in the fort, had erected a battery of heavy guns on an eminence near the fort, ia which were placed about three hundred Nazarenes and a thousand other troops. After I had taken uji my position, I dispatched a Kushoon to occupy the town. This division, passing the outer-wall, was attacked by a body of Nazarenes^
of
laclis
dehvered
it
up
have been expended.
riipecji
government of
it,
them.
to
ungrateful rogue,
had invited the Nazarenes, and
;
" day, " *'
" " "
" posted
there by the enemy between whom and my people a sharp conflict was " maintained till evening. Having, during the same day, collected the necessary " materials for the purpose, I erected a battery in the night, opposite to that of :
" the Nazarenes, in which I placed fifteen guns and sending a storming party " of two Kushoous, I posted them in a hollow, where they remained till the hour " of morning prayer when, after firing a volley [from our battery], and crying :
;
" out ' Allah 1/dr,'^"' they rushed forward, and with great slaughter drove the " Nazarenes without religion, from the eminence they occupied taking also ;
"
many
prisoners,
" of which
my
and pursuing the
fugitives to the very gates of the fort, in front
people maintained themselves,
till
such time
as,
with the divine
"
assistance, I was enabled to entrench them. In the course of the two next " days, every thing being prepared for the purpose, I invested the place, and " mounted two batteries. A very hot fire was kept up on both sides the first day.
"
On the second day the gunners of the Hyderij army served the batteries in such " a manner, that ten guns of the fort were dismounted and shattered to pieces, and " a great number of Nazarenes sent to hell. In the end, the Nazarenes aban" doned all their guns, and were no longer able to appear on the walls while I ;
*'
had two or three other
batteries erected, in
which placing
six mortars, I
caused
"
Hereupon the Nazarenes without religion large stones to be thrown from them. " dug trenches widiin the fort, into which they slunk [for shelter]. " In this conjuncture the rains of that country, which continue for six months,
" set in. At the end of two months, " ing the violence of the rains, to the " time the besieged had made two
" these occasions " I had taken up
I
happened
my
" quctry than usual,
(15)
is
our friend.
my
ditch of the fort
sallies,
at the
when hearing
approaches, notwithstand;
in the course of
which
On
one of
hour of midnight.
a
in which more continued report of mus-
house
hastened, in the midst of the rain and darkness of the
b God
had carried
to be seated near the trenches, in a
residence, I
I
"
night,
APPENDIX.
X "
and said to the Sirdars of night, to the support of the people in the trenches " the Usud Ilhye arniy, ' that, with the divine aid, I would the following day, " ' when the sun was in the meridian [or at twelve o'clock] cut off the heads of " * the infidels within their own ditch and batteries, by the hands of my foot " 'troops;'"' and, in this manner, retaliate their tldef-lihe action of coming ;
Accordingly, under God's assistance, and the pro-
against us in the night.'
*'
*
**
tection of our Prophet,
formed a party of thirty Ehshdm
I
" twenty other persons of approved courage which " I sent one of them, consisting of twenty-five men, ;''^^
soldiers ''"
and
dividing into two bodies, in noon-day, against the
" gate-battery, and the other twenty-five men into the ditch where each party " falling upon the infidels without religion, they cut oiF the heads of about forty ;
" of those impure-minded '•
into
falling
the ditch and other places,
" concealment] into " returned with the '*
were reduced
hats,
" '•'
and bow
One day
him
fire,
and crept
in safety.
In
resembling
fine,
[for lions,
the Nazarenes
that they no sooner saw one of the
to his shoulder, than they
would take
off their
an ape.'"'
the JVazarenes, at break of day, attacked and penetrated into the
musquetry and of men,
instantly attacking
" and made some of
I
customary took
found
I
was
I
ditcli.
my
just performed
" the trenches, where '*
like
trenches at the edge of the
" having '*
to
by our
musquet
a
lift
edge of the sword, ''''
like chickens,
fled
had made
prisoners thej straits
as escaped the
The Uaud-Ilhye men,
the nearest holes.
such
to
" Hijdery people
"
Such
[people].'"'
tlie
a
seated, at tlie time, in
exercises,'""
company of
my
when hearing
Usud-Ithj/es,
Nazarenes standing.
The
quarters,
the noise of
and ran on foot
to
Usud-Ilhye people,
them with sword and bayonet, sent several of them to hell, them prisoners. The remnant of the sword took to flight. " In
(16) Original infantry
(17)
would be
*'.ijv^
meaning,
^ls_»'^
I
suppose, as
if in
contempt of
his
enemy,
that his irregular
suflicient for the purpose.
The Elisham were sometimes employed
They were most commonly,
for the purposes
I believe, stationed
in
of parade, constituting
a sort
garrison, but occasionally acted
of guards.
with the array
in the field.
(18) Original
^j)
^jkJ,*
(19) Original
^bj-ls
Cjb
(20) Original
1^.
W
(21) This ludicrous
literally,
I believe,
"
the remnant (or remains) of the sword."
representation it is
is,
called
no doubt, (i. e.
occasionally taken off with the
z^J
same view.
Jm
founded on the practice, not
uncommon
dropping the head) to avoid shot or shells
presents rather a conspicuous object to a marksman,
J:.jjj
a respectable person.
li
soldiers ai sieges, of lolling, as
(22) Original
" manly man,"
it
may be
easily conceived, that this
:
and
with
as a hat
might have been
/
fi^)/i-jy^y.jj}
i
\
w^^
-^
/
t
APPENDIX. " In
short, during three
XI
months, such was the slaughter on both
sides, that
the
" trenches exhibited nothing but a mixture of mud and clay with the blood and " flesh of men. The toes of many were completely rotted, in consequence of the " excessive
"
rains,
and owing
stantly forced to stand].
mire [in the midst of which they were con-
to the
Often of a dark night, and [wading] through the
"
floods occasioned by the heavy rain and wind (which here always exceed any " thing known in other parts of our kingdom), I say, often during this time, " have I, both by night and day, gone the rounds, to see that the necessary *'
" " " "
works were properly carried on, and that the Ahmedy people were duly watchful. In consequence,
it
happened that two or three Sirdars, and
darkness of the night, into wells,
others,
which were then quite
martyrs, without any one's knowing of the accident.
full,
fell,
in the
and became
Moreover, at
this time,
the water lay on the ground knee-deep."
What
immediately follows here,
in the original, has already
observations on Letter
CCCXXXVI,
words " Carrying on
a mine, &c."
to the
King
been given, in the
of France, beginning with the
and the passage following that appears in the observations on Letter \'III, to Mahommcd Ghyas Khan and Noor Mahommed Khan, beginning \\\\\\ the words " Previously to the resolution, &c.'*
APPENDIX, ( Referred to imder
A Fac Simile
of Tippoo Sultan'.s
C.
Letter
I.)
Engagement
with his
Father.
See Plate annexed.
APPENDIX, (Referred
An
Historical Sketch of
to
under
the
D.
Letter XVI.)
Patan Principality of ShJnoor.
INXnODUCTIGN.
The to
following
me by my
memoir
is
taken from a Persian manuscript, kindly communicated
friend. Lieutenant Colonel
b
M'Kenzie. 2
The
author
is
Meer Husain Ali,
APPENDIX.
xli
Musulman,
employ of that ingenious and indefatigaIf it be little more ble explorer of the history ai^ antiquities of the Decan. than a genealogical sketch of the distinguished family of which it treats, it pos-
AHj
a very intelligent
sesses, at
least,
in the
the merit of being derived, as far as
it
goes,
from information
obtained chiefly on the spot, and therefore the more likely to be authentic.
Its
principal defect consists in the total want of dates throughout the earlier part of
the narrative
the
;
first
one with which we meet being that of the succession of the
fourth chieftain, Bhulool
And
Khun,
to the
government of Bunhapoor,
though, after this time, the number of years that each chieftain ruled over
the principality
uniformly expressed, yet neither the commencement nor the
is
close of the respective administrations,
nor any of the few events recorded regard-
ing them, are marked by the specification of th© occurred
as well as I could
preceding writers,
and
severally
may be
I
may happen,
my own from
therefore, to differ, with respect to dates,
beg to be understood to do so with suitable diffidence, and not
I
my
author.
proper to observe, that with regard to the manner of writing the
of Shanoor,
have, throughout the present article, conformed to the ortho-
I
graphy of Meer Ilusain, which sometimes written be meant
have endeavoured to supply this omission
I
difficulties.
to pledge myself for the accuracy of It
which they
but have- net always been able to do so entirely to
;
When
satisfaction.
name
}'ear in
while even the few dates, deducible from the general narrative, are liable
;
to considerable doubts
less
A.H. 1022.
in
I
most general
believe to be that in
JL
in the Persian
.A^ or Shdiioor,
or Sdnoor,
For though
use.
may
neverthe-
^
the difference consisting merely in the diacritical points of the
;
or sh; the occasional omission of which, in the hurry of transcribing,
As
happen.
easily supposed to
to Siwanore,
it is
maybe
evidently an Euroiiean corrup-
tion of Scluoor.
which
I have only another observation with strictly
speaking, the term Principalitif
a state as that of Shdnoor
;
since
its
may
to detain the
reader.
not be properly applicable to such
chieftains have never,
I
believe,
tinguished
by the
appellation of princes, though as well entitled to
individuals
among
the N^ahohs and Rdjahs of India,
bestowed
it.
on
whom
Put an
been as
dis-
many
As, in most respects, however, they exercised sovereign power, and
allowable to follow the example of other writers
to give the
it
Europeans have
virtually, at least, transmitted their possessions to their descendants, I it
Perhaps,
name
in question, not only to their
chiefships of
who have spoken
fief,
have thought
of
them
;
and
but likewise to the two other
Kurnool and Kurpah.
The
APPENDIX. Tlic
Patan
family, of
which
here proposed to give a brief account, and
is
it
Xlll
which, during a period of nearly three centuries, make a conspicuous figure in the
common
annals of the Decan, afTect, in
with every ^tfghau'^ tribe throughout the
who was one
origin from Khalid-bin-Walid,
East, to derive their
celebrated of the companions of
than this boasted descent,
What
Mahommed.
that they justly reckon
is,
is
among
Musulman kingdom of
of the principal nobles of the
more
of the most
however,
certain,
their ancestors
Of
Beejapoor.
some
these, the
acknowledged founder of the dynasty, was
Jdn-nisdr-Khun,
1.
who
distinguished himself during the reign of Ismael Adil Shah,
first
Omra
he was raised to the dignity of an remarkably swarthy complexion,
under Ali Ibraheem Adil Shah,
attaining,
the
first
army
of
ofhces of the state,
Nizam
Shah.^''
He
he
was succeeded by
of Futah
title
;
the reign of Ali Adil dignity, of an
Omra
Shah
'
nature,^''
After
the successor of Ismael, to some of
lost his life at
2.
who, under the
appearance and
of Kala-puhar, or the black mountain. *'
whom
Being of a
of one of the liigher orders.
as well as of a savage
him the name
the Decanese gave
by
*'
Ahmed Nugr,
with the
in a battle
his eldest son,'"'
Uzeez Meea,
Lushkur Khan, acquired great celebrity, during from whom he received, besides the Musnud, or
of one thousand five hundred, the
of the standard and kettle-drum.'*'
He
much
coveted distinctions
closed a brilliant career, in the course of
which (1) The nation, or people, here spoken of, are indifferently denominated Palans Though fond of being considered the descendants of Khiilid, they are not satisfied with
pedigree, and therefore derive tliemselves from the
still
higher source of Judah
:
or ylfghans. so
modern a
nor are there wanting
circumstances in their history and manners, that strongly favour their claim to Jewish origin. (2) Ismiel
was the second of the Adil Sbtkhy Kings of Bejapoor, and reigned from A.H. giG
or from A.D. 1509 to A.D. 1534, being cotemporary with (3) Original
" man
which may be read
to
941,
Henry Vlllth of England.
so as to signify either
" an Ethiopian daemon " or
"a
of a wild or savage nature."
(4)
He
(5)
This was another
reigned from
knowing more of them, (G) Jan-nisar
A.H. 941
to
965, or from A.D. 1534 to 1559.
Mahommedan is
Khin had
dynasty of kings of Dican.
The
reader,
also
known by
who
is
desirous of
referred to Scott's Ferhhta.
another son,
named Nubby Khin, who was
the
title
of Run-
must Khan. (7)
He
(8)
That
reigned between the years 965 and 988 of the Higera, corresponding with A.D. 1557 and 1580. is,
the privilege of carrying a standard and of beating a kettle-drum.
APPENDIX.
xlv
which he was no
eminent
less
ably in battle, as his
3.
who was
so favoured
by
success to the
would appear
to
He
fortune, that he
have been
his son,
No
said to have never failed in
is
any military
doubt he owed much of this extraordinary
enthusiastic attachment of his followers
valor and prudence,
inspired, in the first instance,
and subsequently confirmed by
By
occasions, for their ease and comfort.
all
was succeeded by
Juhhdr Meea 3Ieedneh,
which he engaged.
enterprize in
than as a warrior, by falling honour-
as a statesman
father had done.
these
an attachment which
:
by
their confidence in his
on
his earnest care to provide,
means he soon outstripped, in
reputation and influence, the most eminent of his cotemporaries at the court of
Beejapoor.
This was manifested in his appointment to the government of Bunhapoor, and in his elevation, at the same time, to the dignity of an Omra of five thousand, with the command of four thousand horse. The SoubaU^' of Bunkapore, as it was then
called,
annual revenue of
grounds
of rupees.
fifty-four laclis
what footing the Patan received sufficient
for believing, that the tenure
this mit^ht be,
affairs,
of his
and remarkable
was of the
in
in attendance
:
on
his
and being, moreover, of a huge he received from his
the Canarese dialect, dirtt/ or Jilthy.
of extraordinary intrepidity,
which
universal terror
He
;"
was a
but of a sanguinary and cruel disposition.
Hateful, however, as his character was,
by the
it
Rugty Kala Puhar, or " the dirty black mountain
the word riigut signifying, in
siderably,
by which he held
for the squalidness of his usual dress,
subjects the appellation of
man
but the Narrative affords
Khan, to take possession, and administer This Bhulool Khan was, like his name.
his great-grandfather, of a sable complexion stature,
;
Jubbar Meea, remaining himself
new government
an
to yield
does not distinctly appear, upon
'°'
sovereign, dispatched his son, Bhulool
the
It
important charge
this
nature of a military Jageer, or fief
However
and was estimated
comprized twenty-two Mahals,
it it
would appear
to have
inspired, to the early
conduced con-
and advantageous
settlement of the country committed to his care.
Jubbar Meea
is
stated to have fallen in battle, like both his predecessors,
have been succeeded,
in the
Bunhapoor, although denominated
a
Which
consists of lands,
Moghul
granted partly at a
conquest.
mark of
personal favour, and partly for the pur-
pose of enabling the holder to maintain a specific military force for the service of the
'esumable
at
the pleasure of the sovereign.
BhUlool
Soulah, or province, under the jidil Shdhies, ranked only
as a Sircar (or subdivision of a SoubahJ after the
(10)
to
year 1022 of the Higera, by his son. 4.
(9)
and
state.
They
ar«
APPENDIX.
XV
JBhillool Klidn,
4.
wlio would, hereupon, appear to have removed the seat of his government from
the town and fortress of Bnnhaponr, to a place in the vicinity thereof, called
Sdnnor, or S/idnoor-hulfi/ of
its
environs and
city, to
his
own
tlic
to
;
which he
salubrity of
is
its
and
several
Here he founded and peopled
air.
which he gave the name of Shdnoor residence,
have been attracted by the beauty
said to
;
erecting in
commodious bazars
a
it
handsome palace
rapidly to decay, so that there
is
for
(or market-places) for the con-
Bttnkapoor, being thus abandoned by
venience of the inhabitants.
a large
hardly a trace of
it
its
chiefs, fell
to be seen at this day.
The
fate of Shdnoor itself has been little better, " that delightful city being now " reduced," says our author, who wrote only about ten years ago, " from an
" earthly paradise, surrounded by pleasant gardens, abounding in fruits of various " sorts, and fertilized by numerous canals, to the condition of the meanest of all " mean places."
Nothing further
is
recorded of Bhiilool Khan,
till
the period
appearing in the Decaii, at the head of the IVIoghul forces, the
now
declining
to consult their
kingdom of Bcejapoor began
own
to
when Aurungzcbe
many
of the nobles of
swerve from their allegiance, and
personal interests, at the expence of those of their natural
Among
sovereign and native country.
these was Bhiilool
Khan, who, no longer
keeping any terms with his court, but repairing openly to the camp of the prince, presented the latter with a Nuzr of three lacks of rupees and other costly gifts, in return for which he obtained an imperial patent of confirmation in the Souhahddry of Biitilaipoor
for
;
formed against
by
it
He
adequate force.
protection of which
tlie
appears, about the
Sircar of Kurnool
;
in
now proceeded
his justly incensed sovereign, he
his credit with the prince, in favour of
Khizr Khan Beeny
from any attempts that might be
who
same time,
to
an old friend and fellow student, named
obtaining, through the recommendation of Bhiilool, the
Jagecr, together with the dignity of an
Bhulool Khan, exclusive of the term of
Omra
;
upon
his death 5.
otherwise called Dileer
(II) Sni)posing
A.H. 1071 (A.D.
my
Khan
;
orio the
first
a succinct account
deputy,
Shdnoor during a period of forty-
he was succeeded by
his son,
Duk'C'l Khdn,<''y the latter being a
author's dates to be correct,
ICiOO)
of the empire,
his administration as his father's
stated to have ruled over the principality of
nine (lunar) years
an
have successfully employed
became the founder of the Patan dynasty o{ Kurnool, of which is given in Appendix G.
is
to raise
it
title
conferred on
him by the Emperor
follows, thnt Diilcel KhAi) luccecdcd bit father in
year of the second Ali Adil
Sh.'ih.
APPENDIX.
XVI
Emperor Allumgecr, on the occasion which will be presently mean while, he is said to liave appUed himself, with unwearied improvement of
his
Jageer
:
and though
noticed.
diligence, to the
his father had, long since,
his allegiance to his legitimate sovereign, the present chief thought
make
a
show of submission
adopted
;
but
it
is
he maintained an
certain, that
Secunder Adil Shah,""' which was deficient however, throwing off
all
in
3Ius)iiid,
and
correspondence with
epistolarj'
nothing but sincerity.
further disguise, he repaired with
expedient to
not distinctly
reign, does
SliTdi's
renounced
Whether he
immediately on his accession to the
during the remainder of the second Ali Adil
appear
it
to the feeble authority of that prince.
line of conduct
this
In the
In the end,
two thousand Afghan
horse, and from three to four thousand well-armed infantry, to the standard of
the
He
Emperor Allumgeer, by whom he was
received with distinguished honour.
subsequently consummated his treason and ingratitude towards the royal race,
through whose unbounded favor himself and family had attained
eminence and power, by
to their present
the reduction of Beejapoor, and in the con-
assisting in
sequent extinction of the dynasty of Adil ShTdiy.
The Emperor's to reduce
son. Sultan
Moaazim, being
sent, after the fall of Beejapoor,
Ahmeddhiid Beder, that place soon opened
quence of the sudden death of explosion
its
its
Hubshy, occasioned by the
governor, INIirjun
Here
of a powder-magazine."^'
weak
this
gates to him, in conse-
prince,
yielding to
the
suggestions of a wild ambition, and to the interested advice of evil counsellors,
formed the extravagant project of wresting the reins of government from the hands of a parent,
whom
and no longer Klidfbah'''' to
fit
he was taught, by to rule.
be read
his authority in
in his
Ahmed
He
his flatterers, to consider
announced
own name
The Emperor, upon
of these proceedings, assembled together his principal
what had occurred, demanded,
them who would undertake
same
at the
by causing the
and by attempting
at Beder,
mtgr, Jilnair, &c.
superannuated,
as
this rebellious purpose
time,
if
to establish
being informed
Omras, and stating to them there was any one among
to bring the deluded prince (for
notwithstanding his outrageous conduct, his father was
whose personal
still
safety,
anxious) alive and
All present at this auilience, with the single exception of
unhurt before him.
Dulccl Khan, appearing to shrink from the arduous task proposed to them, maintained (12)
He was
the last of the Adil Shahy kings of Beejapoor.
and terminated with the
fall
of Beejapoor
to the
Moghul arms,
(13) Beder, upon this occasion, received the
name
His reign begati A.H. 1083 (A.D. 16/2) in A.H. 1097 or A.D. lG85.
of Zuferalad, by which
it
is
still
occasionally
distingaished.
(14) That
is,
in fact,
caused himself to be proclaimed emperor.
mediately following, entirely en the authority of Husain Ali,
trom some of the
local annals
who
I
give
this,
and the account im-
probably derived his information
and family memoirs, collected under the direction of Colonel M'Kenzie.
APPENDIX. He
tained a profound silence. readiness to his zeal
and
fultil
XVtt
alone, without the
the Emperor's wishes
whereupon Allumgeer,
;
him by the
intrepidity, immediately saluted
declared his
least hesitation,
in admiration of
of Dileer
title
Khan
(or
the valiant Lord), and disj)atchcd him, without delay, on the service which he
had so promptly undertaken.
Khan
Dileer
followers, '"
(as
he must now be
called), putting himself at the
head of his
proceeded the same night from the imperial camp, and taking the
road to the rebel army, addressed a plausible letter to Moaazim Shah in which he pretended " to be disgusted at the neglect which he had experienced from Allum;
"
gcer,
"
in the fortunes of his Highness."
and to be desirous of attaching himself at the
recently passed
The
imperial court,
to the cause,
and
unsusjiicious
accepted the insidious overture of the Patan, to
urging him
hasten his arrival.
to
and of participating
credulous prince, ignorant of what had
whom
of treachery, joyfully
he immediately wrote,
Khun, having, by these means,
Dileer
intro-
duced himself into the camp of Moaazim Shilh, contrived, in the course of the interview to which he was soon admitted, to
good graces, that the
The following day being appointed for the march Khan repaired, at an early hour, to the tent of the
own.
of the rebel army, Dileer jjrince;
mount
who was
easily
progress in the prince's
gave directions for the Afghan quarters to be estab-
latter
lished contiguously to his
make such
persuaded, in order to do honour to the
the elephant of the Patan, by
w hom
it
new
favourite, to
had been pre-concerted that Moaazim
Sh-ah's personal retinue, together with his baggage, should be completely
sed by his
own
troops.
In
this array, Dileer
Khan
encompas-
himself being seated
behind
the prince in the Khmvdsi/,"^'' the party proceeded for some time, without the least distrust, either
on the part of Moaazim Shah, whose attention the Patan took caro
efToctually to occupy, or of
any of
his
immediate attendants.
The
elephant on
which he rode being remarkably swift footed, and the driver being directed in his route by occasional signs from his master, the army of the piince was quickly left far in .the
entered
At length some of
rear.
upon
the
road
the royal retinue, perceiving that they had
leading to Beejdpoor,
proclaimed the treason of the
Patan, and attempted to impede his progress: the causing the most active of them to be put to death,
The Patan now
design immediately ceased. rage his captive, with
whom
Jatter, all
however, instantly
further resistance to his
applied himself to console and encou-
he proceeded, by rapid marches, to Beejdpoor, where he
c
(15) Consisting, ai hat been seen, of two thousand Afghan horse and from three to four thousand well
armed
foot.
06) The Khuwasy to the
is
so called,
from
back of the elephant) assigned
the Hoivdeh, the plain open on«.
its
being the part of the
to tlm
KUuwas,
Umary or Howdek (i. e. the litter fixed The Umary it (he canopied litter;
or attendant.
APPENDIX.
XVJll
he soon delivered him,
and surrounded with
in perfect safety,
the hands of the overjoyed monarch.
amply requited the
latter
and important
delicate
Khun on whom,
occasion by Dileer
It is scarcely
indeed, he
;
his usual state, into
necessary to add, that the
service rendered
said to have
is
on the present
heaped such unpre-
cedented honours, as excited considerable jealousy in the breasts of the other
Omras
of the imperial court.
After this, Dileer
Khan
distinguished himself, in an eminent degree, at the
Golcondah and Doivlutdbdd, as well
sieges of
He
on various other occasions.
as
displayed, in particular, considerable talents and address, in the course of the operations
which he was employed
Shoolapoor
;
whom
he reduced
conduct against Yunkut Naig, the Polygar of
to
to
such
straits, as at
length compelled that stubborn
chieftain to acknowledge the imperial authority, after he resisted, for three years, every effort of
Dileer
Khan now
Allumgeer
retired to the seat of his
to
had firmly and successfully
subdue him.
government; nor would either he, or
the other Patau chieftains of the Decan, appear to have taken any part in the succeeding troubles, excited by the various intrigues and factions which distin-
his rule over the
Shdnoor
of
whom
he was succeeded by his son,
principalit)^,"''
6.
at length, in the thirty-second year of
Dying,
guished the period in question.
^bddl Ghuffdr Khdn,
nothing in particular
is
recorded,
period he paid his court so effectually to late
till
the death of Allumgeer, at which
Khan
Jehan, the foster-brother of the
emperor, and governor in chief, or viceroy of the Decan, on the part of the
new emperor,
that he soon obtained from
him
the requisite patents of confirmation
in his Jageer, or principality.
After some time, taking offence at the great state assumed by
Daise-pdndeh'^' of
Serhuttij,'^'^^
who was
Khan Gooreh,
the
a tributary of the Shdnoor government,
he Or
(17)
in
(18) This
A. H. 1103,
is
an
office,
corresponding with A.D. iGgi.
corresponding,
from the Mukuddum, or head man of a
As
(19)
the chiefs of Serhutty
and Lukmaiser (ihe
Tippoo
Sultan,
"
the period
make some
in
that of PuUail,
and not
differing
materially
Hindostan.
figure in the history of the Decan,
and
as both
Serhutty
of which depL-nded upon Sirhully) were included within the dominions of
may not be displeased with the following short account of them, eitracted of Meer Husain Ali when Enkus Khan,- a distinguished nobleman of the kingdom of Bccjnpoor, was :
invested with the charge of the Souhuhddry of
" populous and
"
believe, with
the reader
from the collections
" At
latter
I
village,
flourishing town,
he chose
it
Uunkapoor and
its
dependencies, Lukmaiser* being a
for the seat of his government.
the village of Serhutty, whither the governor occasionally resorted,
Not
far
from thence stood
either on business or for pleasure.
" On • S
is
situated, according to the
Lukmaiier, which
is
map
prefixed to Colonel Wilks's Hislory of Mysore, about twelve miles north-
placed about twcety miles iiotth of Sh-inoor.
APPENDIX. he sent a numerous
himself to he surprised and shamefully defeated hy very
;
numbers,
inferior
fell
wounded
avowed purpose of redeeming the credit of
" " " " " "
manner
requite in the most absurd and extravagant
with a Jageer of
" "
trifling service
in
from the Pullail of the
He
the village*
him
did not forget
at
continued
in
him
since, sending for
;
open Durldr, conferred upon him the
village
office of
of Khan-gooreh, or, as
title
but bestowed upon him, at that
his death,
he
the following day,
Daise-pdndeh of Lukmaiser,
may be
it
high favour with Enkus Kh;ln during ihe
moment,
These honourable pledges of
elephant, together with his standard and Nolut.-\
" esteem,
efl'ectualiy chastising
his
thousand rupees, and gave him the
five
Lord of
who
the latter,
and of
Linqayet, named Soampa) which some superstitious notion appears to have led him to
a
pubtickly adopted him,
state
his arms,
of these occasions he happened to receive a
interpreted.
This misfortune did
c 2
'
" (who was
enemy.
into the hands of the
prevent Aljdul Ghuffar from assembling another army, with the
not, however,
" On one
under the direction of his nephew,
force against that chieftain,
Kh&n Meea who, allowing
XIX
life
his
of
own
their patron's
constituted, henceforward, the chief pride and most valued distinction of (he Khdn-gooreh's
family; who, to
memory of
hold the
this day,
their original benefactor in such reverence, that they
never light a lamp or candle of an evening, without invoking his name.
" The Khnn-goorehs (who
are also sometimes called Kunchun-goorchs) continued in the undisturbed
" possession of their oflice and lands, from the time of the transfer of the Sonbah of Bunkupoor to the " Patan chieftam, Jabb.lr Meea, till the administration of Abdul Ghuffar Khan ; who, as above related, " involved himself in a frivolous quarrel with "
"
" the medium of agents deputed
" "
his displeasure
and
;
conciliate
his
of
its
rushed suddenly,
lamented donor,
" a thousand foot, upon the Afghan forces, " in the text, and thereby reduced the Patan " honorable peace. " Dud Khan Gooreh was, some time "
"
the fourth son
" tained from the
of
3-
who
Soampa,
lacka and sixty thousand rupees,
" "
Maiirattah government.
Hyder
successes of
•
I
am
Ali
by no mcan^ confident that
having given any txj'ljnalion of
f The Nobul J
The Teekah
this
is
the
line
the Daise-pdndeh,
whom
fixing
the
and invoking the assistance
no more than
the head of
five
hundred horse and
he obtained the signal victory mentioned ultimate necessity of
him an
granting
succeeded by
Chuk Khdn Gooreh Behddilr, himself
to
the Mahrattah chief,
of which he agreed to pay one lack of
not only
the
in
force
till
Patan chief of
the sense in which the appellation
Balajee
Rio,
ob-
the year
Shdnoor,
in question
rupees annnaWy to
when the
1/64,
but most of the
was employed,
"
Poly gars
my
author not
it.
which
Iliiidcos
and other musical instruments, which an Omra may be privileged draw, on certain occasion^, across their foreheads.
with a consecrated eailh, somtlimcs with a prepaialiou of sandal like the present.
(except that of discontinuing the
despair,
chieftain to the
after this,
obliged,
consists of the kettle-drum, is
at
vainly endeavoured, through
by Enkus Kh'ui) to appease and
to his family
This arrangement continued
Khan
who
;
the entire district of Serkutty, yielding a yearly revenue of
" two the
Soampa
prove to the Patan the unreasonableness of
urged by
over
attaching
the farm of
latter
to
Gooreh,
waving the interdicted banner,
forehead,
his
or
bequeathed
At length,
superior.
offvinded
Khan
sought every practicable means
as vainly
teekah J of sandal on
Dud Khdn
first
the purpose,
for
use of the standard and kettle drum,
" " "
2.
and successor of the
the eldest son,
;
the latlci being used only
on very
It is
to use.
made sometimes
particular occasioiu,
APPENDIX.
XX his successful adversary
but learning, in the mean while, that the Mahrattah?,
:
whose power had, by this time, become extremely formidable to their neighbours, were preparing to march to the GooreJis assistance, he determined, with more prudence than of a trifling
from
from the contest
sum of money, agreed
his
all
spirit, to retire
late
;
by
to be paid
arrogant pretensions,
and accordingly, his vassal,
in consideration
he not only receded
together with an honorary
but,
dress,
corresponding assurances of future favor and protection, conferred
accompanied by upon the Daisepctndeh the
additional title of
Behddur. '^"^
Khan Jehan dying about this time, was succeeded in the government of the Decan by Meer Husain Ali Khan, the younger of the two ambitious brothers, celebrated, in the history of this turbulent period, under the a])pellation of the
Hereupon the Patan
of Bdrheh.
the Simtih'
Ghufoor Mcea,
to
chieftain
dispatched his
son,
BiMidnpoor, with a considerable Niizr in money, and other
new
valuable presents for the
ment, confirmed him dio^nities enjoyed by
his
ease and dissipation,
and
viceroy,
who, in return
in the possession of his
for this seasonable
After this he gave himself
predecessor.
at length dying,
comple-
Jdgeer, as well as of the other
in
up
to a life of "''
the twenty -eighth year
of his
government, was succeeded by his above-mentioned son,
Ghufoor Mcea,
7.
who was
scarcely seated
on the Musnud, before he was called upon
invasion of the Mahrattahs, headed
by a
to repel an
chieftain of the Rasta family,
by whom great
"
Serhiithj
a grandson of
Chak Khan Gooreh
" on condition that he remitted
" *' • '
the Mahrattahs, allowed the
encourage
this
period,
the
Mas
" •'
At
Polygars of the surrounding country, to submit to the conqueror's authority.
" Daise-pandeh of
him
;
4-
who
Dud Kunchun
Goorek,
throwing himself on the prelection of Hyder, the
in future to
to retain possession of his Taaluks.
neighbouring PolygoTi,
latter,
Scringapatam the same tribute he had hitherto paid to
treated
considerable distinction, and finally dismissed
Hyder moreover, with
him, while he remained
him with
various flattering
in the
marks of
a
view to
Mysore camp, with his favor-
" Tl»e Daise-pandehs of Serhutty continued, from this lime until the year 1792, under the protection " of the Mysore government. They then became once more subject to the authority of the " Mahrattahs; who, by virtue of the partition treaty of Scrbi£opalam. acquired possession of all the " country
" appear (20)
It
situated to the
to
have taken
northward of the Tungiuddra.
Since this period,
no further change would
place in their condition."
appears to have been somewhat early for the Nabob', or governors, of such districts as that of
Bunhapoor,
to
have exercised the prerogative of bestowing
titles
of honor.
It
must, however, be
admitted, that the imperial authority of the court of Dehli was already on the decline, and that even the
more immediate powers of
the local Soubahddrs,
or viceroys,
nor respected, by their nominal deputies or subordinates. (21) That
is
in
AH.
1131, orA.D, 1719-
were neither uniformly acknowledged
APPENDIX. some time, committed
great ravages were, for
Ghufoor Mcea, encountering the enemy
them
a considerable defeat
XXI
in the
Patau
territories.
At length
in the environs of
Misry-Kotah, gave which, however, only obtained him a temporary
;
respite from hostilities, since the fugitives, having procured a reinforcement
Gropaul Rilo Ghoarpurrch, the
Ndzim
(or governor)
renew their depredations on
condition to
own
adjoining to their
the
of
M'trij,
Shdnoor
from
were soon in a immediately
districts,
which they accordingly continued to harass for At the end of this period the Patan was glad to avail
frontier,
nearly two years longer.
himself of the mediation of Gopaul Rao, in order to effect an accommodation
with the invaders, who, upon his paying them about
and money, and ceding withdraw from
From
them the
to
ninth
place in the
Meea remained
year of his
district of
goods
Mlsry-Kotah, agreed to
at peace until his death,
which took and during the Nawdb, Asof was succeeded by
government,'"'
He
Jah's,'" viceroyalty of the Decan.
^kiai Mujeed
8.
who
and
his dominions.
time Ghufoor
this
fort
a lack of rupees, in
K/i(hi,(-^>
already aspiring to complete independence, omitted paying his court to Asof
Jah, and rashly assumed the management of his patrimony, without applying for, or obtaining, the customary patent of confirmation from the viceroy. By this
conduct he drew upon himself, as might be expected, the displeasure of Asof Jah, who had, about this period, transferred the seat of his government from
Aurinigahad
to
Hyderabad, and who
contumacy of the Patan.
With
Hidayet Mohyiiddecn Khan Jung)
take possession
to
this view, after
(better
known
of Beejapoor,
in
preparing to chastise the
having dispatched his grandson,
afterwards
he marched
by the
title
of Mtizuffer
himself directly
a"-ainst
many
Shdnoor,
He
army.
no time
lost
of the districts of which he resigned to the depredations of his was, on this occasion, eagerly joined by the disaffected Daise-pdndehs
of Serhiifty,
and other Po/ygars
(iiiduh,
;
who, stimulated by their habitual
omitted no means of inflaming his resentment against Asof Jah, however, was too wary and experienced, to allow
hatred of the Afghans,
Abdul Mujeed.
himself to be swayed by the interested representations and suggestions of these people and having nothing in view but to bring the Patan tu a proper sense of ;
his (22) That
is
in
AH.
(23)
More commonly
(24)
On
1 1
10,
called
other occaions,
or
A.D. 172S.
NizSm
as well
61 Miilk. as the
present,
my
author has omiltcd (o mention the degree of
consanguinity subsisting between the successor and his predecessor. safely
In such instances,
presumed, that the successor was the son of the person he succeeded.
it
may bo
APPENDIX.
XXU his duty,
he readily admitted of the mediation of the chief of
purpose.
Thereupon
Mujeed's paying two
lacJis
Kamool
and the negociation terminated
hostihties ceased,
of rupees to the
Nizam
to
;
whom
he
made
also
for that
in
Abdul various
valuable presents, in return for which he obtained patents of confirmation in his possessions.
make
It
being thought proper, on this occasion, that the Patan should
a visit of form to
tiie
Viceroy, he only consented to do
condition of beinsi received in a
among
the
Omras
manner
of the empire.
suitable to the hifrh rank
to the
Diirbdr
Huhkah during
as his
official
superior,
this interview
He
and when he did homage
:
" the wisdom
to
to
Asof Jah,
In short, Asof Jah omitted no attention
towards him, which could gratify his pride or vanity
'•'
was even permitted
by presenting him with the usual Nuzrs, the Viceroy
condescended to receive them standing.
observes)
which he held
where, on his arrival^ the
;
Viceroy seated him on the Musnud, with himself. his
on the express
so,
Accordingly, Nasir Jung, the second son of
Asof Jah, was deputed to conduct him
smoke
all
to
" having"
:
our author
(as
think, that the attachment of so powerful a chieftain
would be cheaply purchased
he mistaken in his calculation
Nor was
at the price of such trivial concessions." ;
since the
Patan was
so highly pleased with the
gracious and flattering behaviour of the Viceroy towards him, that, from a contu-
macious
vassal,
he was suddenly converted into one of the most useful and zealous
adheients of that celebrated personage.
accompanying Asof Jah,
This was soon
in the year of the Higera'-''''
expedition of the latter to the
Payen Ghaut Carnatic
by his
after evinced,
115/ (or A. D. 1^44) in the
;
where himself and followers
acquired considerable renown for their valor on several occasions
;
particularly at
the attack of Nuthurnugr (or Trichinopolij) , at that time in the possession of
Murar Rao Ghoarpurreh. Asof Jah wa s occupied
nerly three years in the settlement of the Carnatic,
during the whole of which period Abdul Mujeed length having reduced Trichinopoli/, and
made
Khan
him
and other Patan
in his expedition, to repair to their respective
Asof Jah dying about four years
after this,
'"'
Hi/derabad
chieftains,
At
;
at the
who had
same
attended
homes.
was succeeded,
Decan, by his second son, Mecr Ahmed, better known by the
who being
train.
a satisfactory adjustment with the
several Poli/gars of the Carnatic, the viceroy returned to
time permitting Abdul Mujeed,
continued in his
as Souhali of the
title
of Nasir
Jung
;
shortly after directed to repair to the court of Dehli, appointed his
nephew, (25) Or, accordfwg to oilier authorities, in A. (26)
He
died the 4\h oi
Jamadus Sany, A. H.
age of one hundred and four, as year.
H. 1156, or A. D. 1743.
Dow
1
l6l (or 2-Jth
and others have
March 1/48), not
inadvertently stated,
at
the extraordinary
but in his seventy-seventh
APPENDIX. nephew, Hidayet Mohyuddecn
Khan (more commonly
the temporary charge of his government.
memoir
XXlll
It is foreign to
the object of the present
which followed
to enter into a detail of the events
Muzuffer Jung) to
called
:
may
it
suffice to say,
that Hidayet, availing himself of his uncle's absence, and yielding to the persua-
assumed the
sion of traitors,
of Soubah
title
and that Nasir Jung,
;
on being
apprized of his nephew's proceedings, excused himself from complying with the imperial
summons, and hastened back
time in advancing against the rebels
only pretended to do
Palan
so, for
who
in this fatal expedition
Meea,
at the
head of a
fell
no
the latter were
former, however, declining to do so
;
Kureem
of sickness, and sending his son,
(whether truly or not) on the ground
soon after
Among The
Kunwol, and Kurpah.
accompany the Soubah
did not himself
lost
either sincerely espoused his cause, or
the purpose of betraying him.
chieftains of Shdnoor,
thence he
being previously joined, on this occasion, by
;
the different feudatories of the Decan,
the
From
Hyderabad.
to
suitable force, in his stead. "^
Nasir Jung, as
is
Pntan commanders
a victim to the treachery of the
well
of
:
known,
whom,
Kureem Meea and the chief of Kurnool being slain, in the sanguinary feud which arose among the conHence it appears, spirators, within two months from the murder of Nasir Jung. that these writers were mistaken, who have represented the actual ruler of SMnoor however, only one lived to return to
as an
his capital
;
both
immediate accomplice in the treason of the Patans.
whether he was,
any measure, privy
in
Abdul Mujced would not appear
to
It is
even uncertain,
to the designs of the conspirators.
have taken any share in the troubles which
followed the transaction just related, and which continued to disturb the tranquillity of the
Decan
his death,
for five or six years after
nor do we hear further regarding him,
:
which took place in the thirty-second year of
his
government,
till
when
^''
he was succeeded by 9.
ylhddl Ilukeem
not long after whose accession
Nizam
Khdn
Ali
Mced)}chf-'>
Khan (who
had, by this time,
seized
conjunction with the Mahrattahs proceeded
upon the government of the Decan) in against Shdnoor, with the avowed intention of overturning that the murder of the former's brother, Nasir Jung.
state,
and avenging
In pursuance of this purpose, the
(2")
The
author of the Maasir ul
Omra
(a
biographical
work
of
tlic
first
cstimntion and authority,
is among ihc principal Oricnt.i) desiderata) calls the son of and adds, thai contingent on this occasion, BluMool Khia Shdnoor the commanded Mujeed, who Jung. life of Nisir against the the design formed to privy beginning, Mujeed was, from the
and a judicious Iranblation of which
;
(28) Thatisin A.
H.
117'2, or
:
but
it
is
Abdiil
A. D. l/iy.
(29) Here, again, our author has omitted mentioning, in
predecessor
Abdiil
most probable that he was
gaged in the conspiracy against N^sir Jung.
a
what
relation
Abdul Hukcem stood
younger brother of the Kureem Mp«a,
to his
who was
en-
APPENDIX.
XXIV
the confederates entered and laid waste the
months
in
;
Patan
the course of which the ]\Iahrattahs also
Abdiil
jjossessed themselves
of
Guddnch, and other places depending on the Shdnoor
Serhuffi/, Misry-cotdh,
principality.
Hukeem, being
and addicted
of an indolent character,
and despairing, moreover, of being able
pleasure,
territories for the space of three
to
to cope successfully with such
now encompassed him, deterniined, if possible, to save himself With this view, he solicited and obtained the mediation of Busby alut Jung, the brother, and of Ruknud Dowlah, the Dewdn (or minister), of the Aizdm, who was prevailed upon, at their instance, to accej)t of two lacks of rupees from the Patan, as an atonement for what had passed. The Mahrattahs, howsuperior forces as
submission.
ever,
though with
Hukeem
less
cause of complaint, were not so easily satisfied
;
Abdiil
been obliged to relinquish to them, in perpetuity, the sixteen Mahals, of
which they had made themselves masters in the course of the late irruption. " The heavy misfortunes," observes my author, " which thus befel, and had " nearly overwhelmed, the Patan state, were, at the moment of their occurring,
" very *'
generally regarded (and especially by
all
devout Musulmans) as a judgment
of heaven upon that tribe, for the treacherous murder of Nasir
Jung
;"
of which
atrocious deed they appear to have been almost universally considered as not
the actual perpetrators,
would be
as
The same
but likewise the chief promoters.
only
reflection
naturally suggested (and probably was) on occasion of the rapid
dechne, after this time, of the two other Patan governments, of Kiirttool and
Kurpah
one of which was, ere long, completely subverted, and the other reduced
;
dependence and insignificance with that of Shdnoor, which however, had not yet fallen so low as it was destined to do, at no distant period.
to a similar state of
Hyder
Ali
Khan, having gained possession of the fort of Dhdricdr, through its governor, Rustum Khan''°' (who, on this occasion, engaged in
the treachery of
the service of Hyder) proceeded from thence against Shdnoor
keem, the
where Abdul Hu-
he could, dispatched them, under of Jubbar Meea, with orders to oppose the enemy's advance. The
hastily collecting together
command
what
;
two armies met
in the environs of
where Hyder completely routed the closely, that both Shdnoor and Bunkapore
Anwutly
Patans, and followed up his success so
were presently invested.
forces
;
Abdul Hukeem, alarmed
at the rapid progress
invader, determined to seek an accommodation with him
;
of the
and, for this purpose,
which Hyder, " moved," says our author, " by respect for the " honourable ancestry of the Patan, readily assented." This sentiment may seem
made
overtures, to
somewhat
at variance
with the general character of Hyder,
the usual nature of upstart power
:
if
not, indeed, with
but the issue of this very negociation evinces, that
he (30)
He
was governor of Dharwdr en the part of Ihe Soulah of the Dccan.
APPENDIX.
XXr
did hold nobility of descent in some estimation, since
lie really
it
was one of the
conditions of the treaty concluded on this occasion, that a double union, by marriage, should be
formed between
own
his
be thought, that Hyder was actuated
in
family and that of the Patan.'"^ this
It
may
proceeding solely by considerations
of policy, grounded on the notion, that such a connection was calculated to con-
duce to the consolidation of
how such
to show,
his
so depressed, as to require, this as
from
might,
it
usurped authority.
a purpose could be promoted
it is
It would be difficult, however, by an union with a state, now
instead of being enabled to afford,
certain,
assistance.
Be
that no benefit ultimately resulted to either party
this contract.
Our
author has not communicated any of the minuter articles of the treaty in
question
nor have
;
information. itself,
on
Mysore
It
I
been able to supply the omission from any other source of
may be presumed, however,
this occasion,
and
chieftain,
that the
Patan government bound
both to pay a certain annual tribute, or paixhcuxli, to the
him, when required,
to furnish
with a specific military
The former supposition is rendered probable, by the allusions, which we have made in Tippoo Sultan's correspondence with Abdul Hukeem, to his pecuniary claims on the Patan : while the latter conclusion is also, in some measure, warrantforce.
seen
ed,
by the
Hyder's having been accompanied, in most of his subsequent
fact of
expeditions, by a body of
Patan
horse and a thousand infantry,
Kurpah, and other his father-in-law; latter,
places,
^vas
Thus Kheera Meea, with
five
hundred
present at the reduction of Gooty, Bullu'uj/,
which submitted, about
this time, to the authority of
and though he was prevented, by sickness, from attending the
during his invasion of the Caniatic, yet on that occasion,
Patan
stipulated contingent of the
among
troops.
state,
also,
did the
headed by another conunander, apjiear
the auxiliary forces of the Mysorean.
Previously to his departure from the neighbourhood of Shdnoor, in prosecution of his ulterior plans of conquest, article
Hyder (whether
in
conformity with any private
of the treaty, which has been alluded to, or merely at the subsequent
solicitation
of his
new
ally,
is
in possession of the greater
uncertain) undertook to put the latter, once more, ])art
of the districts, which, as has been seen,
been wrested from him, a few years before, by the Mahrattahs.
had
This object he
accordingly accomplished to a certain extent, recovering some of the districts in question by force, and others by bribery.
Nor
is it,
by any means, necessary, in
order to our admitting the probability of this statement, to suppose, that
Hyder
d
and
(31) Abdiil
Hukeem, on
this occasion,
SAheb, whose
sister (by the
same mother) was bestowed upon Kheera Meea, the
chief.
gave his daughter
in ninrriage to
Hyder's second son, eldest son of
Kureem llie
Patan
APPENDIX.
XXVI and the Mahrattahs were, kind here spoken tains in
at this juncture,
frequently take place
of,
uar; since aggressions, of the
at
still
among neighbouring
without leading to a positive rupture,
India,
They
between them.
chief-
or to general hostilities
mere border
arc considered, perhaps, as
and
states
disputes,
and are
not uncommonly adjusted without any serious or formal appeal to the sword.
We hear nothing further of Blusnud
Abdul Hukeem
till
the death of
Hyder
Ali, at the
and the consequent accession of Tippoo Sultan to the
close of the year 1/82,
on which occasion, though the commander of the Patau contingent,
:
Mysore army, took upon him
serving with the
with the
to present the Sultaii
Am3/' and other compliments customary in such cases, no
letter of congratulation
came from Abdul Hukeem himself. 1 his omission gave great oftence to Tippoo who, however, did not judge it convenient to take any immediate notice of the :
affront. It
was about
this period, that the
Wang
famous Dhoondy Jee
He
rendered himself conspicuous in the Decan.
(or
Wagh)
first
had previously contented himself
with petty depredations, in the course of yvhich he had fallen into the hands of the Mahrattahs, who, after some time, were prevailed on (probably restore
hmi
to liberty
In the
to repent.
a favour of
;
mean
which
it
by
bribes) to
was not long before he gave them cause
while, joining the expedition of
Hyder
Ali to the Car-
natk, he served, during the whole of the war in that quarter, in the Mysore army,
under the banners of an old associate of termination of hostilities in the
Badamy Bhishtapa. Dhoondy Jee, accompanied
his, called
Carnatic,
On
the
only by
about seventy or eighty adherents of the same desperate character as himself, hastened to Shd^mor
;
where suddenly appearing
palace, he declared that chieftain in a state of
at the gate of
Dhurna, or
his determination not to quit his position, until the
Patau
Abdid Hukeem's and proclaimed
siege,*^"'
cither consented to take
himself and his followers into his service, at the yearly allowance of a lack of rupees, or otherwise to bestow
were
districts as
readers,
it
will,
still
upon him the Deicdnij of such of the S/idnnnr
in the possession of the
no doubt, appear extraordinary,
of men, insulated and unsupported (as
may
vassals,
it
may be
of India, or
To
the generality of
not incredible, that a handful
should be able to give the law
to a chieftain,
surrounded by guards and
supposed, could have easily and signally punished the
temerity of the intruders.
who have
if
as these were,
be said) in his own capital,
who,
Mahrattahs.
By
those, however,
who
arc conversant in the customs
perused the singular report referred to at the bottom of the
page, the fact, here related, will not be thought irreconcileable with experience or probability.
Be
this as
it
may, our author proceeds
to say, that
Abdul Hukeem, impatient
(32) For a very particular account of the singular practice
of Dhurna, the reader
curious communication from Lord Teignmouth, iu the Asiatic Researches.
is
referred to a most
APPENDIX
XXVU
Impatient to get rid of his importunate and daring suitor, and, of the two evils
Dhoondy Jee, considering the latter as the least, conhim with the office he demanded, Dhoondy having, accordingly, obtained from the fears of the Patan the Stinuds (or patents) necessary for his proposed to his choice by sented to invest
what followers he could suddenly collect totrethcr, in addition to his original party (and in such a country, the temptation to plunder puqjose, hastened, with
would not
him many),
to procure
fail
upon the
question, seized
fortress of
money and
derable a booty, in
surprized two or three of the districts in
Misry-cotah, and finally acquired so consi-
effects, as
enabled him to send a
Nuzr
of two lacks
of Shdnoory pagodas, together with other valuable presents, to Abdul Ilukeem
uho
appears to have ratified
;
and irregular proceedings, not only by accepting a share of the plunder, but by bestowing on the plunderer, in return, all
his violent
an honorary dress, accompanied by other marks of distinction and approbation.
Dhoondy
After this,
two thousand though
it is
sort
of dej)re(lation, on the frontiers of the Mahrattahs
some ground
is
must be admitted, that
it
hundred horse and
Ilukeem, with regard
are circumstances
tliere
to this
for believing that
On
he did.
if
the
terri-
the whole,
the conduct of
in
famous free-booter, which,
and
:
not expressly stated, that he respected, on these occasions, the
Sliumor, there
tories of
his force to five or six
continued, for a considerable while, to levy contributions, and
foot,
commit every
to
augmenting
Jee,
Abdul
Patun did not
and wavering character, might well warrant a suspicion of collusion between them in the affair of the Dhnrna}^^^ '' 2 Things apjiear to have
(33)
It is
well
been actually of
known,
that the
a timid
famous adventurer, spoken of
in
spicuous, at a later period, during which he furnished considerable
Mystrelesly)
It
this occasion,
that
Lord Viscount Wellington (then
gave that earnest of the consummate military
aftbrded so
most
was on
many eminent
brilliant
Among
proofs,
in
the text,
skill
and enterprizing
the course of the Malirattah
evidence was reserved for another period, and a
the papers found at Serin gapatam,
there
is
Tippoo Sultan, on the subject of Dhoondy Jee Wag,
still
Llic
still
more con-
to the British forces in
Honorable Colonel Wel-
of which he subsequently war of 1803-1, but of which the more arduous ihealre.
a curious
of
became
employment
spirit,
document,
in
which the following
the hand-writing of is
nearly a
literal
translation.
" The
question [or case] proposed by the
"
departments of government,
"
ibis:
—
" Bishna
first,
the aforesaid robber has
Khodadad
Bishna Pundit,
many
Sircar,
for the consideration
and relating
that,
" country of Slu'inoor that person
was
if
;
told,
of
all
the four
Dhoondy Jcc, is through the medium of
to the robber,
times humbly represented,
Pundit, and once or twice in Urxies from himself [to us], (hat he
" Sircar, and "
and of
was the servant of the
were afforded him by the Sircar, he would [engage to] lake all the and [again], that he was the servant of the KhodAMd Sircar. In answer licrelo, a little help
once or twice, by
letter
from ourselves, and furthermore by diflercnt verbal
" communications, that as it was [a lime of] peace, we should [or could] positively afl'ord him no " assistance. To the same efFect we sent him word, about two months ago, by Futah Sh;Mi, saying, you " are a servant of the Khodudad Sircar, and our well wisher you must [therefore] never enter the '
"
'
:
iciritories
of the
Khodddud
Sircar, as, by your doing so, the peace
would be disturbed
[or broken]
"
'
;
but
•
••
AT PEN BIX.
XXVIU
in this situation in the principahty of Shdywor,
Things remained having made
till
Tippoo,
peace with the English, and established his authority in Bidnore, 3Iangalore,
" but you may remain in the territories of others, and do therein what you will-' This message " being delivered to him, he sent back, along with Futah Shah, an Afghan of the name of Omar " Khan, to whom hegave in charge a horse'and an Urzee for us- On the arrival of these two persons " in the Presence, we demanded of them an account of the situation of affairs in that quarter to " which Fulah Shah answered, that this was the intention of the accursed Rao namely, to introduce •
:
;
•'
" " " "
" " " "
" "
by whatever means might be [practicable], into the Presence, and there labour,
himself,
admittpd to the honor of Islamism, to attain distinction
and renown
;
after
being
and that he had, accordingly
Omar Khan, for the purpose of representing these particulars we summoned Omar Khan, together with Futah ShJih, to our
sent his confidential [friend or servant],
The following day we desired [the former] to state truly to us, and without lying, what Dhoondy Jee had Hereupon the aforesaid [Omar Khan] made a similar communication to us namely, ' that the wish of Dhoondy Jee was to obtain an introduction to the Presence, and by approving (after
to us in detail.
Presence, where said.
;
real
'
his admission to the
'
honor of Islamism)
'an honorable name-'
his zeal
The communication
of
tliis
and devotion
in
our service,
we After this we
wretch being concluded,
to secure
[being
still
to
himself
doubtful of
its
said [to him], well, but made him repeat it, which that nolody accordingly did. Byhiscoming, displeasurewillarise between us and the PoonnA people. wherefore does become hither? and we will secretly supply him with what money and other articles he may Let him remain there To this, that ass [or Omar Kh&n] rejoined, that he had [already] slated to us what the require." utmost wish and object of Dhoondy Jee was, and could only add, that he was actuated by no other.'
accuracy]
'
—
'
" ' " " " Hereupon we further said it is well do you go back to Dhoondy Jee, and s.iy to him, that the " ' first condition [prescribed by us] is, that he shall agree to embrace the faith the second, that he " shall marry [under our direction] into some respectable family furthermore, that upon his " ' receiving the honor of Islamism, he shall be put in possession of one or other of these two forts, " ' namely, the fort of Murugsera or Husmungy, together w ith a Jagecr [adequate to the maintenance] ;
'
'
'
:
'
:
:
•
:
"
'
of a thousand horse.
t'
'
be proper."
"
pleasure to him-
To
this
If
(we added) he does not agree
eflect
We even
did
desired
we him
to these things,
three or four times, to repeat
aloud what
sending for
we had
his
coming hither
Omar Khan,
stated to
him,
in
will not
signify
our
order that
" we might be satisfied whether or not he [perfectly] remembered, or had rightly comprehended, the " same whereupon that dog repeated the whole, word for word. What is here staled took place " three or four times. After this, giving that dog a horse to ride, we dispatched him, wiih directions " to be expeditious, and lo inform the ta/a7Hi7<; * (his employer), that on condition he embraced the " faith, he might repair to the Presence but that, otherwise, it would be needless for him lo come. " Accordingly, this accursed dog proceeding from hence [soon] returned, accompanied by Dhoondy " Jee: The aforesaid dog [i- e. Omar Kh;in] was no sooner arrived, than sending for him we said to " him having brought the catamite along with you, you have, of course, got hi;n to engage to " embrace the (aith, and have, moreover, made him acquainted with all our other orders." Hereupon " that accursed dog humbly set forth, that by the blessing of God, Dhoondy Jee had not only agreed " to embrace the faith, but to comply,! heart and soul, with every thing required of him, and, in '• On hearing this we were highly delighted, .ind said, this disposition, had repaired to the Presence. " ' we have ordained, that his name shall be Shaikh Ahmed. Let a time be fixed for his repeating the " Kulmah [or Mahommedan creed].' To this the infidel [meaning Omar Khan] answered it will " 'be ;
J
:
'
'
'
:
• Original
+
Original
«C'^ . ^
-^
or
.
-j
iirc
which
" head and
I
lake to be the
eyes."
word alluded
to
by Colonel Wilkt,
at
'
page xxiii of his Preface.
APPENDIX.
XXIX
Mangulore, and other parts of his dominions situated to the westward of Seringapafam, ^\hicli had manifested a disposition to revolt, lie now proceeded on his return
" "
'
be better
'if
he
"
signify.
"
again sent for on the third day,
*'
he meant
"
But on sending
to
for
them
delayed
repeat
will
the next day, the
we
caused
two or three
after
till
it
did not
Being
Meer Sadik
[i.
e-
"
every thing, declaring that he did not know, and had never heard, a
we
and that he heard them now
" The remaining
" " " •'
consequence] with the three
owing
to the confidence
" Kh^nJ "
that
we
sent for
to all of
;
whom
this
for the tirst lime.
If the above-named be kept [here],
down, what
speedily, in order
never communicated these things to hino,
Omar Khan] had
particulars [of this atfair] will be verbally
Riza, and Purnia.
therefore, write
\i. e.
it
Dhoondy Jee] plainly denied word of the matter. Aiter this
had the catamite examined by the Asof, by the Sudoor, and ;by others
nolody affirmed, that the Afghan
that
[Dhoondy Jee himself 3 when
to enquire of
*'
" "
said,
and to urge him to embrace
faith,
the Diirlur; but,
same reply was given [by Omar Khan]-
Hereupon the accursed dog
his Jageer.
visits to
Hereupon we
moment.*
this
it
be admitted to the honor of the
he might repair to
that
Kulmah be
repeating of the
if his
be required of him,
it
infidels;
* and
if
which we
Dhoondy Jee
no doubt
send him aw.iy,
strife
will
siill
placed in the communications of to the Presence,
in order that
Sadik,
[or enmity]
Mahommed
will arise [in
enmity ensue
you advisable and beneficial on
appear to
shall
we
made known by Meer
the reprolate
we might
j
you
occasion-
this
will,
It
was
dog [Omar
have an interview
with him."
Then
follows the opinion of the counsellors referred to, and of which a translation
Mahommed
appears to be in the hand-writing of
" The humble
"
that
to say, of the
is
" With
Riza
Meer Meeran,
%
NaLolJ
(the Binki/
representation (or opinion) of the slaves of
subjoined.
It
:
the three f departments of government,
all
the Asof, and the Sudoor,
Dhoondy
respect to the keeping, or sending away, of
is
is
this
:
Jee, as directed to
be considered by
" the Presence, there is no doubt, or question, that the keeping of him will be attended with complete " evil, and give rise to enmity [or disagreement] with all the three infidels. On the other hand, if " he be sent away, the same enmity will be produced. Therefore, what we, your slaves, humbly " suggest, is, that Dlioondy Jee be kept imprisoned, and never be released. The humble representation, " this 14th day of the month Tukky, year Eusikh, and of the birth of Mahommed 1222,§ of " Meer Mahommbd Sadik, /isof. *
«<
*
*
*
*
*
jl
" Ghulam Ali, Sudoor, " Mahom.med Riza" Ne.\.t
follows,
in
the Mahrattah
translation, in the hand-writing of
the opinion
language,
Mahommed
Rizi,
is
of
Bishna Pundit;
subjoined.
Here
is
to
which a Persian
the opinion of the Pundit.
" Dhoondy Jee is not a person of [good] faith he is without faith. He is not fit to be retained, " nor ought he to be released he should be put to death." The milder judgment, however, of the majority prevailed. Dhoondy Jee was retained in prison, :
:
and did not recover
his
liberty,
till
the day on which Seringapatam was stormed and taken
when,
;
availing
* Meaning
llie F.nglisli,
the Mahrattahs, and the
f
In the Sultan's reference to
i
That
is,
Mahommed
them ihcy
Nizim.
are said to
\>e
/our.
Rizi.
§ Coricspondinf; to the lOih June 1794. II
The
original signature, in ihis place, appears,
another signature rather obscurely written,
in
the
attending this opinion, in which ihc Muhrattahj arc called to believe
it
nas) by a Hiiuloo
!
Canarese character.
It
which may be read BudiOi Zumin. I'l/iir/i,
that
it
is,
It is
probably, that of Purnia. Theteis not the least curious circumstance
ihould have been subscribed (as there
is
reason
APPENDIX.
XXX return to
liis
which
])lace,
by the route of Rdny Bidnore.
capital,
which he thought ready
Kheera Meea, with
a
Nuzr
several rich presents for the offended Sultan, to
apology
he
could
probably, beyond
with
devise
past
his
neglect.
Patau s expectations
the
very gracious
a
for
reception from
his
;
for
Whether
his possessions.
all
to burst
the
In order,
him,
uj)on
he
of forty thousand rupees
whom
he
also sent the best
The experiment Kheera Meea not letters
succeeded,
only
met
but obtained from
brother-in-law,
him, before they separated, the usual Sumida, or father in
Musnud.
accession to the
at his
latter
to avert the storm
hastily dispatched his son,
and
to anticipate the effects of Tippoo's resentment of
he hud put upon the
therefore,
arrival at the latter
not far distant from Shdnoor, was the signal of alarm to Abdul
is
Hiikeem, who now began slight
His
patent, confirming his
or not the Sultan exacted, at this period,
any new concession from Abdul Hukcem,
is
not stated by
my
author,
who
is
also
entirely silent, with regard to the probable motives of Tippoo's moderation on the
present occasion.
But whatever these motives might
Abdul Hukcem, who had always, during
be,
the life-time of Hyder, entertained an equal dread and dislike of Tippoo, did not feel
entirely re-assured
by the
Burhanviddeen was dispatched,
Nergund,
is
it
not
awakened, by the
to
the
in
be wondered
at,
discussions,
between him and the Sultan, werq but accordingly,
therefore,
beginning of the year l^SS, that the fears of the
against
Patau were again
arrival of so considerable a force in the vicinity of his capital
especially, as the pecuniary
was,
When,
issue of his son's negociation.
under these
:
which look place about the same time ill
calculated to remove his distrust.
impressions, that
It
Abdul Ilukeem thought he
should best consult his safety and interests by joining the coalition, formed at this period
by the courts of Pouiiah and Hyderabad,
the ambitious projects of the Sidtan.
He
did not, however, openly renounce his
dependence on Tippoo, or seek the protection of the to be in full
march
for Shdnoor,
purpose of checking
for the
allies,
when he suddenly and
the ^m/^aw appeared
till
secretly fled from thence,
accompanied only by a few of his most attached followers and of all the riches and valuable property, accumulated, during so many generations by his predecessors, taking with him nothing more than an inconsiderable sum of money, and ;
the equipage which conveyed
him
Sultan.
sister of the
av.iiling
to the
Mahrattah camp
and
and leaving behind his wife, the half-
he effected
his escape,
commemorated by
and collecting together a
which the recent subversion of the Mahommedan dynasty of Mysore made
force,
easy, n^ade hea
;
Kheera Meea and
Tlie date of this precipitate flight has been
himself of the confusion of the moment,
rumerous
feated
him
the chief part of his family, including
I
slain,
for a considorable in
time against the British army-
He was
in the
an action with Colonel Wellesley, on the lOih September ISOO.
particularly
end, ho-.vever, de-
APPENDIX. by the following
satirical
dialect.
that
(34)
"
is,
Hukcem
XXXI
chronogram, composed on the occasion in the Ilindivy ^^,
J; .,^ ^ ^^ ^,^ j^ ^<^
Kiiun Meeaueli, abandoning every thing, ran away himself,"
or " saved himself by flight."
Tippoo, not a
astonished (or, at
little
of the Patau, immediately dispatched
pretending to be so) at the flight
least,
Meer Sadik
into the town, with orders to
sequestrate the whole of the fugitive's property, which was, of course,
Whether the
out opposition or difficulty, and, no doubt, with sufficient rigor. private property of the inhabitants at large
mentioned
;
was respected on
but as no blame was imputable to them,
mean
it
is
done with-
this occasion,
is
not
reasonable to suppose
Mcea, mounted on the only horse he possessed, and acconipanied by no more than two or three attendants on was spared.
that
it
foot,
hastened to
him
received
In the
make
while, Khcera
his submissions to his brother-in-law
kindly, and to have asked
who
;
is
stated to have
him what could have induced
his father to
"
1 had in no shape," abandon himself, as he had done, to ruin and disgrace. " molestation, slightest but, on the contrary, was Sultan offered the him said the " daily giving him new proofs of my favor and regard. Alas that notwithstand!
in"- our affinity, and mv uniform forbearance and good faith towards him, he " should have thus united himself with my enemies Never can such a man " behold the face of prosperity." To this harangue Khcera Meea is rejjorted to
"
!
have replied, " that
"
it
was but too
true,
that his father had acted wrong,
sacrificed both the fortunes and honor of his house in a
he added an assurance, " that he had been kept
" ignorance
near his own, for the accommodation of Kheera family,
These
who
attentions, however,
did
of despair
the last
and
:"
to
which
moment
in
entire
After this, the Sultan had tents erected
of his father's intentions."
svere likewise daily
to
fit
Meea and
the females of his
supplied with provisions from his
not prevent
him from adopting
own
table.
the necessary
precautions for guarding against the future escape of his voluntary prisoner.
Peace being concluded, soon
after this,
between the confederates and Tippoo,
the places taken on each side, in the comse of the war, were, for the most part, It was not, however, without considerable dillieulty'"' mutually relinquished. that
Pursaram Bhen and Rasta, who are
said
to
have exerted themselves
stre-
nuously on the occasion, succeeded in procuring the restoration of S/uhioor to its fugitive chieftain, who, it may easily be conceived, did not obtain this boon, but at the price of
many
fresh
and humiliating
sacrifices.
From (34)
Which, according
(35)
not stated
It is
course, on that of
by
Tippoo
to the t/ijurf notation,
my
.nmounts to
1
199 A.H.
author, on what side the difficulty, here spoken of,
Sultan.
hy
:
but
it
was,
of
APPENDIX.
XXXU From
we
time
this
hear nothing more of Shdnoor or
which period the Mahrattahs,
1/91, at
chieftain,
its
in pursuance of the
the yejlr
till
engagements which
they had recently entered into with the English, for the purpose of reducing the power of Tippoo Sultan,
not before they had
territory, in the possession of
year,
by
advanced against the capital of the
way
seized, in their
but
;
thither,
which they were formally confirmed, the following In the meanwhile, Abdid
the partition treaty of Seriugapatam.
dying,^^'^' after
latter
upon the whole of the Patau
Hukeem
a long but unprosperous administration, was ostensibly succeeded
by
his son,
10. Ahditl
commonly
called
KMn,
Khyre
Kheera Meea, whose inheritance was now reduced
to a single
Mahal, which the Mahrattahs had the generosity to assign him for his maintenance, and of which, if still living, he probably continues in possession at this day. His
had been withdrawn some years before from
wife, I believe,
her brother, in whose
Seringapafam with the (36)
Haram
when,
;
I
rest of the late
Meer Husain
would place
am
Sultans family, by the British government.
All says, that
he lived
Chief of Shdnoor,
five
years after his restoration
of the year 1/92.
at the period
It
would
to his princlpalily
also appear,
of Shdnoor
name of
chief,
;
which
from the same authority,
of the peace of 17Q2, was Abdul Khyre Khan.
Moore
(in his
I
am
interesting
the operations of Captain Little's detachment) of his interview, in April 1792, with the
narrative of
the
by
at the capture of
was pensioned, along
unable to reconcile these statements with the account given by Captain
Niil'ob
his protection,
if I recollect rightly,
also inclined to think, that she
his death in the early part
that the actual
she was found,
whom
he designates Abdul
the ruling chief;
Hukeem Khan.
and what favors
on the same occasion, the Irotber
{i. e.
this
It
conjecture
is
is,
possible, that
he may have mistaken
the circumstance of his calling that
the brother-in-law) of
Tippoo
3
an appellation which,
it
Hukeem, but to his son, Abdul Khyre. is " Political View of the Decan," of which I am not in possession, but which i» and Historical In the Hukeem Khan is said to have been " the seventh in lineal descent, as quoted by Captain Moor, Abdiil " occupant, and the fourth, as sovereign ruler of Shdnoor and its dependencies. The former part of evident, belonged not to Abdul
(bis statement agrees exactly with the detailed
genealogy given in the present
having been the seventh in descent from JubbSr Meea, the
What
is
Abdul Hukeem in
question.
is
not equally apparent; since Husain All
Abdul Ghuft'ir Khan's (who must have been the
Jirst of those rulers) having attained to,
meant by
nays nothing of
first
article,
occupant of the principality
or assumed, a state
his
being the /our/A ioi'erW^n ruler of
of absolute independence.
But there
the fourth chief of the Patan dynasty of Kurnool, which
is
it,
a passage in his
may
account of Ibraheem Khin,
serve to explain this point.
That chief
is
Khin Jehan Kokeh, the viceroy of the Decan, instead of the usual patent of confirmation in his Jdgeer, a new grant, in which the former stipulations,* whatever they might have been, were wholly omitted. Now, as Abdiil Ghuftar Kh;ln is stated to have paid his court to there said to have obtained from
not improbable that he was equally successful on that occasion with his countryman.
the same viceroy,
it is
But however
might be,
this
it is
certain,
that the claims of these chiefs to absolute independence or
sovereign rule, if ever advanced, were far from being recognized by the subsequent viceroys of the Decan• Original
APPENDIX. APPENDIX, ( li( firred to at
Lr.TTEn
XXXIU
E.
XIX.)
Commercial Regulations. The Sultans which
it is
different
regulations for the commercial department of his government, of
proposed to give an outline in the present
periods;
article,
\vere issued at
two
one section of them being dated the 14th of Ahmedif of the
A.M. 1221," and another, the 3d o^ Ahmed of the following year, They are introduced by two passages from the Koran, headed in the fol-
year Sdliir, or Rds'ikh:'^
1/
lowing manner " Two verses from the :
Word
of God, which descended [or were delivered] in
" honor of maritime commerce, are here transcribed." Then follow the verses in question, the first of which (taken from the chapter entitled the Bee),
"
to this effect
who hath
he
It is
is
subjected the sea [unto you] that ye might eat fish there-
and take from thence ornaments for you to wear and thou seest the ships " plowing [the waves] thereof, that ye may seek [to enrich yourselves] of his " abundance by commerce; and that ye might give thanks." **'
out,
:
The second is from the chapter entitled the Greeks, and is as follows " Of his signs one is, that he scndeth the winds bearing welcome tidings [of " rain], that he may cause you to taste of his mercy, and that ships may sail at *• his command, that ye may seek [to enrich yourselves] of his abundance by " commerce, and that ye may give thanks."^'' :
It
might be
present regulations, was to provide exclusiveljj for
of the maritime trade object,
it
will,
in the
inferred from this preamble, that the design uf the Sultan,
:
t!ie
jjromotion and encouragement
but though this was, no doubt,
nevertheless, appear, that
indifferent to, the benefits o( inland
at all times, his principal
he was not altogether unmindful
commerce.
Whether
or
of,
his manifest preference
of the former was founded on the distinction apparently conferred upon
it
by the
quoted passages of the Koran, or arose from a desire of becoming a maritime power, or was a natural consequence both of the
local position of a large portion
of his dominions, and of their particular produce,
determine.
It is
I
will not take
upon
probable, indeed, that each of these considerations had e
(1) Corresponding with 25th
Mnrch 1"93.
(2) Corresponding with the 2d April 1794. (3) See Sale's A'oran, Chapters
XVI
and
XXX,
me
to
more or less
APPENDIX.
XXXIV weight with him
less
besides which,
;
an intercourse with strangers, separated
from him by the ocean, was not hable to suggest to
mind, the same apprehensions of danger,
as
by whatever tended,
incessantly created,
in
and
his jealous
distrustful
were likely to be, and actually were,
any degree, to a
free
communication
with the countries immediately contiguous to his own.
The
regulations in question set out with describing the general duties of the of-
ficers at the
term in
head of the commercial department, which the 5«/^a/i designated by the
jls^^ LliX<: .Cy
or the Mul'iMt Tiijdr department/*'
number, and appear
The more 1.
to
These
officers
were nine
have constituted a sort of permanent board, or college.
following were the principal objects to which the attention of this board was
especially directed.
They were
to see that the various articles required for
as silken stuffs, sandal-wood, pepper,
such
cardamums
commercial purposes,
(great
and small), cocoa-
&c. were duly provided [according to the nature of
nuts, rice, sulphur, elephants,
the commodity] as well for importation as for exportation/^' 2.
They were
to
draw foreign merchants
for that purpose, the
tection]
3.
most
to
Mysore, by transmitting to them,
and encouraging assurances [of favour and pro-
solid
.
They were
to seek out
and engage in the service [of the
state]
trust-worthy
and economical 3Iulitsuddies, and able and experienced Gumdshtehs, accounts and commercial
approved integrity and disinterestedness
aiad of
affairs,
skilled in
and having procured such, were to employ them in the several Kohties, or at home or abroad]. They were to pay the most minute
:
factories,
[whether 4.
department
;
attention to
all
the concerns of their
to investigate the various accounts thereof, in the
most rigorous man-
ner; and to be careful, that no frauds, or embezzlements, were committed by any
employed under them, whether
of those
in the foreign factories or in
the
home
depots. 5.
The heads
of the departments, as well as the various officers under them,
were to pledge themselves
most solemn manner, according
in the
to the forms of
their respective religions, to discharge the duties of their several stations, with the
utmost diligence, concord, and 6. If
any of the principal
fidelity.
officers
of the department should violate, or in any instance
(4) ITie
term MuUkut Tiijdr properly
exclusively,
(5)
I
Thus,
believe, to the chief, or, in
is
"
Prince of raerchanis," and
silk stuff's
For a more detailed
referred to Colonel Beatson's
is
a title given in Persia,
most favoured merchant of the kingdom.
the above enumeration, sulphur and
the rest being articles of exportation. the reader
signifies
at least the
list
were among the
articles to
be imported,
of the exports and imports of Mysore,
View, page l/l of the Appendix.
APPENDIX. instance swer\'e from, the duties of his station/'
shame and he might be
and
XXXV the rest were to unite in exposing
all
the offender to
disgrace,
in order that
signally punished for the same,
in representing his
conduct to the Presence,
and a
useful
example be
thereby afforded to others.
any of the
7. If
inferior persons, attached to the different Kohties, or factories,
should be guilty of fraud, or other misdemeanors, they were to be punished for the same, agreeably to the law of God.
In
cases of
or of
particular importance,
the heads of the department (excluding the Miitusudclies and others from their meetings) were to 8.
all
diflliculty,
and deliberate together on the same
sit
provided for the purpose, subscribing his
was till
name
his
thereto.
to be deposited in a box,
each person writing down, in a book to be
;
opinion
The
on the point under consideration,
and
book, containing these minutes or consultations,
which was to remain under the
there might be occasion to refer to
it,
[of the office],
seal
for tliejustifications or explanation of the
proceedings, or resolutions, of the meeting
;
which, in case of any difference of
opinion, were to be determined by the majority of voices. 9. They were to report their proceedings fully and regularly to the Sultan, whose pleasure on the occasion would be signified in writing, at the back, or at the bottom of the said report.
10. In
any transaction
relating to large pecuniary advances,
or being of such
importance as to require particular secrecy, the written documents, necessary to be submitted on the occasion, were to be written in the hand-writing of some
member
of the board, or of one of the heads of the department,'' and delivered to the
Sultan by such member himself; when a written answer, duly authenticated by the Sultans own signature, wouW, in like inanner, be secretly returned to him. Nubb^/ Mdtik [the Vrophet
11.*'
bearing the
which the
seal
Lord].
is
seal [of the
department]
AW
JIu km- ndme/is and other papers
Presence, mast be deposited in a box,
and signature of the is
to
be
affixed.
This box
the treasury at the seat of the empire [Sen ngapafani], where
charge of by the Meer Meerdn.
C<)j)ies
[taken, and] retained by the proper officers. 12. Care was to be taken, that
Such
?L%
all
the
[oidv, of these JS'iibhij
Mdlih
Mahommedan
it
be taken
will
documents] are to be
[as before].
officers
of the department,
the Mirzdey Dtijtur, &c. should be selected from the tribe of A'o/ewA, and e 2
(6) This case (7)
to
be lodged in
shall
That
is,
is
qualified by the usual deprecatory expression
" which God
Torbid!''
not by any clerk or secretary.
(8) This article
is in
the hand-writing of the Sultan.
well ai a
the
It
nppcars
NuLbj Malik, wnttcu
at
the cni/ of
in the contracted
all
form
Here
the Sutlan't usual signature
ihc oihcr articles. ol a cypher.
is
prefixaf ai
This signature consisted of
APPENDIX.
'
XXXVl
the sect of Sii/tuh, following the tenets of Hunifah, to the end that they might dcrree
the better tosethci-
Next
more
follow the
These are distributed into separate
department of trade. "'
numbered, are not
or detailed directions for the guidance of the
specific
titled
They, however,
or headed.
Of the marine force, Of the Koht'ics, or factories, of Of the appropriation of the III.
sections,
which though
treat briefly
I.
II.
IMuscnt and Kutch. fund, or capital, allotted for commercial
purposes.
Of the commercial
iV.
factors,
\
Of
.
and other
depots or marts established in Mysore
officers of
;
and of provincial
commerce.
the means to be pursued, with a view to the opening and establishing
of commercial intercourse with foreign countries.
Of
VI.
commercial deposits
;
or a plan for admitting the people at large to a
participation in the benefits to accrue from the trade of the country.
Of
VII. VIII.
Mulihlt rajdrs.
field
Miscellaneous regulations.
Of
I.
the
Marine Force.
Before proceeding to communicate the substance of this
proper to
article, it is
apprize the reader, that although, at the date of the following regulations, the
marine department was placed under the control and superintendanceof the MuUMt Tujdrs, or board of trade, yet it was erected, a few years after, into a separate and independent branch of the government, under the denomination of the Meer I'umm, or admiralty department
Appendix K,
of which
;
a
more
paiiicular account will be found in
including a detailed statement of the naval force at that time in the
Sulfanx contemplation. 1.
You must
set
about building a hundred ships.'""
completely manned, and equipped with warlike
sail,
In the mean while, ten
have been placed under
stores,
your orders. 2. (9)
Besides the instructions addressed directly to the Mulikut THjar department, other orders, re-
lating to the
ment.
same branch of the public
These
I
ticular class,
name of
service, are contained
have incorporated with the present
(10) In the original
the
It
in
the
regulations for the revenue depart-
article.
|^u!l^ j_Cpii Khivies and Elidues, here meant
for ships
or whether there was any difference between them, does not a
prophet, sometimes confounded
specting the former,
respresents
him
as a sort
wiih
Elias
:
and as the
of tutelary guardian of
exclusively intended in this place.
appear.
tradition,
the waters,
reason of both of their names being used by Tipjjoo to denote ships of war,
what par-
but of
:
distintly
this
which
I
or is
Khizr
legend,
it
re-
probably the
suppose to be
A 2. It
is
in [naval]
I
XXXYII
X.
warfare [as
others conversant in the affairs of trade to
D
expected, that you will exert yourselvc-s to collect together [as inanyj
men, experienced
trusty
P P EM
;
may be
and that you
procurable], as well as
will labor,
with one accord,
promote the prosperity of the commerce of our do{ninions.
The wood,
3.
iron, rope,
and other
articles,
which may be required
construction of the ships ordered to be built, are to be bought
the
in
[in the countries
adjacent to the docks, with the assistance of the Asof's of the districts in question,
who
will receive the necessary directions for this purpose].
The workmen
4.
of every description
[employed on
paid with the utmost regularity, and the ships
"'
this
service]
be completed with
all
must be possible
dispatch. 5. If the necessary warlike stores should not
market], the same
is
when we will direct you [from our own magazines]. instructions to the Meer Asof,
to be represented to the Presence,
to be supplied with such articles as
The
be procurable for money [or at
you may require
four following articles are extracted from the
or revenue department.
The merchants
6.
established at Jumdldbdd, Mdjiddbdd, and JFdijiddbad,'^"' arc
to engage to build, with
masted
The merchants
7.
at
possible expedition, thirty-one three-masted and two-
purposes of commerce.
vessels, for the
Jumdldbdd, and ten
all
Eleven of these to be built at
each of the other places named.
building these vessels shall be allowed to lade them widi
cocoa-nuts, and any other articles [not reserved for the exclusive trade of the
rice,
Sircar\ After the vessels,
8.
shall discontinue
any
rate,
employing the small
are built, craft
the merchants building
which they now
use,
them
and which,
at
they are not to be suliered to send to sea after the expiration of a year All other merchants are immediately to cease from employing the
this time.
from
here specified,
small craft in question.'"' 9.
Whereas the
ships of China arc precluded, by the circumstance of not being
armed," from resorting to these seas, " some of ours must be sent to that country where due encouragement and assurances being given to the merchants thereof, ;
and the protection of our vessels being afforded them, they will be induced to repair These hither, with an abundant supply of the rare productions of that region. being (11^
Which,
(12) That (13)
On
is,
accordingly, appears in the initructioni to the Alter Asnf, or revenue department.
Mangalnre, Suddashuoghur , and Buscorijee.
account,
(1-1)
Literally,
(15)
On
it
may be presumed, of
the danger from pirates.
" not mounting guns."
account of the
j)iratcs
which iufetted them-
j
"
,.
''
APPENDIX.
XXXVIU being disposed
the vessels, so importing, are to be permitted to depart, when-
of,
ever the owners or merchants please, and are to be safely conducted, under a pro-
per convoy of our ships, to the borders of our dominions.'""
Of
II.
Though by an
those addressed to the
article in
by the Sultan
established
these, belonging
to
Meer
Chushmehs, was given
it
Asof
appears
Asofs, that tiiere were two factories
One
each of the ports of Muscat and Kutch.
at
Muscat, consisting of
placed under the orders of the four
of Muscat and Kutch.
the Kohties, or Factories,
not stated in the instructions to the commercial department,
of
of what arc called Ckushmehs, was
fifty
of JunidldhdJ : the other, consisting of thirty-
in charge to the Mulihiit Tiljdr department.
Again,
of the two factories of Kutch, one, consisting of twelve Chushmehs, w as committed
to
the superintendance of
the
oi JVdjlddhdd
Jsof
:
the other, containing
twelve Chushmehs, being subjected, like the inferior factory of Muscat, to the
What
authority of the commercial board. fountains)
I
meant by Chushmehs
is
cannot at present state with any confidence
that the term
may have
a reference to the
number
;
but
I
(springs or
think
it
probable,
w hich
of the commodities, in
the
dealings of the respective factories consisted.
The same relative to
instructions to the
the factories of
immediately to the 1.
Of
MuUkdt
the six thousand
Meer Asofs
Muscat and Kutch, not Utls of
to the 2.
charge
of,
to
five
ordered to be annually sent from
sulphur,
be delivered to the
Asof of Nugr,
remaining four thousand
inserted in those addressed
Tiljdrs.
3Iuscat, eight hundred Utls are
seven hundred to the
contain the following additional articles,
for the
Asof
of Jumdldhdd, and
manufacture of gunpowder."''
hundred Utls are to be dispatched
to,
The
and delivered
the Kilaaddr of Seringapatam.
The Ddroglias and Mdtusuddies employed
at the aforsaid factories are to be
changed every three years.*
The instructions relative to the factories MuUhlt Tdjdr department, were as follow 1. The factories of Muscat and Kutch and direction
;
and you
in question, addressed directly to the :
are, accordingly, to
arc hereby placed under your control
take charge of
all
the
Hdhn-mimehs,
as well as the official seals,"*' api^ertaining thereto. 2. (16)
The meaning
is,
that ihey
were
to
be escorted
till
out of the reach of danger from
You
the pirates,
" who," says the Sultan in another place, " float on the waters of our coasts like so many air " bubbles, and for the destruction and capture of whom every possible stratagem must be employed." \o
(17) For the same purpose, 8l0 ulls were directed to bo sent annually by the Asof of Seringapatam JamalaLad, and 7200 a//j to Nugr: I suspect, however, that for 810 we should read 8100. For
some account (18) in the
The
of the utl, the reader
official seals,
present volumes.
is
referred to
Note 5 of Appendix
B.
here mentioned, are described in one of the Sultan's
They were
constructed and
tiansmilted
to
the
letters^
factories
not included
some time
in
APPENDIX. You
2.
XXXIX
moreover, dispatch thither trusty and able persons, selected by
will,
yourselves, to receive charge of the aforesaid factories
who
from the agents now there,
be directed to deliver over the same, together with
will
whom you
appertaining thereto, to the officers
the stores, &c,
all
nominate to supersede them,
shall
taking from the latter the necessary receipts for the articles so delivered.
You
3.
are to report unto us
sandal-wood, cardamums honey,'" that you
may
tions
may
the
round
of
quantities
and small), cocoa-nuts,
(great
black) pepper,
(or
beetle, rice,
wax, and
require [for exportation], in order that the necessary direc-
be issued to the Asofs of the Presence for assisting you in the purchase of
the same.
The profits
4.
and
from the
arising
No
5.
be regularly
sale of the aforesaid articles are to
and entered
faithfully accounted for,
in the
books of the respective
factories.
persons but your Giimdshtelis, or agents, at the aforesaid factories, arc
"' to be allowed to deal in the articles specified,
You
6.
of sulj)hur of the
Ufls'-''^
you
are annually to procure from the factory at first
quality,
and
N. B. Most
six
Khdm
thousand
same according
to dispose of the
be directed by us, upon your reporting
shall
Muscat
as
its arrival.
of the articles composing the preceding, as well as the following
end of each with the words Nuhby 3Idlik
instrnctions, are subscribed at the
(or»
the the beginning of year of the Higera
on
inscribed
"
being indicated by
"
notation
,'
" because,"
seals.
all
{1
the
as
the numerical value of
insertion
its
1201
unnecessary."
is
786-7)
:
but they were
Sultan says
in
llie
each inscription,
Thus
the
without a date, as alluded
letter
reckoned
inscription
on
"
to,
according to the
seal
of
usually-
the
year
the
Ztir
the Kulck
(the golden vase or vessel) the letters of which gave 1201: that bewas u^-^i i—JJi> longing to the Juddah factory \ contained the words JU-jI-j i^J (the mansion, or city, abounding factory
in
which
wealth),
factory of A/usca/
amount
letters
indistinct
(ig)
the words
:
:
but though
.j.l^
-^
on the
to read
official
seal
of the remaining
(mine of gold) being alone (equal lo 0/)
have been meant for a
lo
were allowable
it
inscription
next word appears to be
mark, which may be supposed
number 1201
made of
The
The
1201.
not perfectly legible
1131.
to
the year
also yield
is
iZJj^ Ido
not
CJ
and
;
this
is
distinct.
These
followed by an
This would complete the
know
that
any sense could be
it.
The two
wax
last articles fviz.
ai.d
honey) arc added from the instructions
to Ihc
Mecr
Asofs, or
revenue dvpartment. (20)
The merchants
building large ships would, of course, agreeably to the stipulation contained in
the seventh article of Section (21) That
khdm
is,
an ull of
(unripe) and
I,
be exempted from this prohibition.
light,
poahhuh
in
(ripe)
note respectively small and great.
contra-distinclion to one of full, or complete weight.
when Thus
The
term*
applied to weights or measures of the same denomination, dea
poakhiek (or pucka) seer means a large
seer,
and a kftdm (or
kuchaj seer a small one. • See Prefatory Remarlts, on the SuUan's Kalendar.
f
Ttius
it
appears
tliat,
at this lime,
subsequently withdrawn, Ob no mention
the Sullan liad a factory at the port of Juddah, vrhicli, howcTer, is
made
of
it i
'he present icgulationi.
must haTC been
APPENDIX.
xl the Prophet of a cypher.
Of
III.
own hand, and formed
Lord), written in the Sultans
is
This was the signature by wliich he always
the ylppropriation
of the Fund, or Capital,
in the
attested
allotted
manner
his orders.
for Commercial
Purposes.
The sum
1.
for
of four
lacl
of Rdliities"
With
commercial purposes.
this
has been committed to you, in trust,
money ycu
make
are to
chases of gold and silver bullion,'"' cloths, elej)hants, &c. in readiness [for exportation].
Having
the necessary pur-
and to hold the same
the blessing (or aid) of
God
the most high,
hereby acquired.
coiDitlcss profit shall be 2.
With
"^'
stated to the Presence the
number of elephants,
as well as the several
quantities of sandal-wood, cardamunis (great and small), round (or black) pepper, beetle, cocoa-nuts
ricfc,
cial
p \rposes
e.
[/.
(dry and moist), and cinnamon,"'''
commer-
required for
for exportation], and having thereupon received from us the
necessary orders to the Asofs for assisting you in the purchase thereof, at such
by them, you
prices as shall be regulated
will
pay into the hands of the
said
Asofs
the value, as so settled, of every article with which you shall be supplied, taking their receipts for the same. 3.
All purchases of gold and silver, coined or uncoined, and of silken stuffs
whether on account of the Presence, of the Asof Kuchurry, or of the Sudoor Kuchurry, shall be paid for in money; and you
made
of your department,
mnst, in like manner, pay in the said Kuchurries. for three or four 4.
Gold and
If,
months,
money
for
purchase of
however, the payments in question should be postponed it
will
be of no consequence.
silver bullion, jewels, silks,
received as pledges for the
may
whatsoever articles you
payment of goods
and other valuable sold
may
articles,
by your agents
:
be
thus for goods
may be
valued at one thousand rupees, a pledge of the value of 1200 rupees accepted. 5.
You
on
are to pay the established duties or imposts
same manner
as
is
done by the Ryots
all articles,'"'
in
in general.
IV. (22)
A rahily
the
was the name given by Tippoo
to the Cantarai
Of
pagoda of ien fanams; consequently,
four lacks o( rahitus were equivalent to 3,20.000 slar pagodas, or j^l 28,000 sterling.
CJ^^^.^j^ > Cjf^-^ iij j ill? that is, " gold and silver, coined and uncoined." What was meant by purchasing " coined gold and silver,"' I do not clearly comprehend. Perhaps coins suited (23) Original
to foreign
markets might be intended.
(24) There (25) [
is
a fuller enumeration of the articles in question in other places.
By cinnamon must be meant
here, I conclude, the cassia lignea
believe, produced in ilysore.
(20)
Meaning, most probably, both exports and imports-
>
at
the true
cinnamon
is
not,
APPENDIX. the Commercial Depots, or Marts, es/ablislied in
Of
IV.
xli
Mysore ; and of Pro-
vincial Factors, and other Officers of Commerce.
You
1.
and
are to entertain in our service,
to station at the thirty places within
our doininions, hereafter enumerated, the necessary Gdmdshtehs and Miifusuddies, for carrj'ing on, to the extent suited to the place, a trade in such articles as shall
jneld a proper profit. 2.
The
following are the places within our dominions, where you are to estab-
commercial depots
factories or
lish
The
:
Nugr
Capital or Putn,
Suldmdbdd
or Sattimungalum,
Viziemimgul or Arivacoochy,
Soondeh,
Bangalore,
20. Koorldl or
5 Bdgloor,
Mangalore,
Khooshdlpuur,
.
Color,
Barkoor,
Murwdgul,
Gurwdr or
Muddnnpilly,
10.
or Bidnoref
Shihdrpoor,
Kiirivdr,
Jumdldbdd,
Zufurdhdd or Gurratncoondah, Punganoor,
25. Bhtif-Kidlah or Butcul,
Futahdhdd,
Fi/ze-Hisdr or Gooty,
Kuroor or Guroar, Gurrup or Kurriip,
Dhiirumivdr,
Bunwdsy,
Rachouti/,
Furriikh-ydh-HisdrovChittlcdoorg
30. Gurdoon-Shikoh or Nundy-doorg.
15. Bny-nuzeer'"'' or IJurridl, 3.
Other subordinate agents
are to
be employed,
for the like purpose, at such
places in our dominions (yielding proper produce for trade) as are not compre-
hended 4.
in the foregoing
There
list.
no objection to
is
These agents arc to be changed every year.''"* your disposing of the articles heretofore enumerated,
and being the produce of our dominions, to private merchants, who may be rous of speculating in the same on their own account.'"" 5.
rated,
Besides the Gdmdshtehs to be employed in the
you
deputy,
who must be
He
is
a trust-worty person, to have a
depots above eniune-
Asof throughout our dominion,
are to station with every
and condition.
difil'rent
Mdlusuddy
and for
an
a
man
a Ndib, or
of respectable character
Before dispatch mg
assistant.
f (27) This (28)
is
one of
Something
is
tlie
Sultan's
added,
new names.
respecting the
I
desi-
these
do not know to what place
it
was
emoluments of these Agents, whicii
I
.npplied.
omit, because
I
do
not clearly understand the passage. (29)
That
in question,
is,
the Giinuhhlehs,
or agents,
merchants
chose to deal
to such
any other manner, by the
as
of the board of trade,
restrictive regulations
in
of
might dispoie of the commodities
them, and were precluded Irom procuring them, in tlic
Sultan.
A
xlii
P rE K
D
X.
I
these persons, however, to their stations, you must obtain sufficient security for their
good behaviour, and then producing them in the Presence, procure our
special signature to their nomination. 6.
The
subordinate agents, mentioned in Article 3, are to be placed under the
control and authority of the Ndibs, or deputies, stationed with the Asofs. J. I'he aforesaid
Ndibs and MdfusuJdies
are to
accompany the Asnfs,
in the
annual attendance of the latter on the resplendent Presence, for the purpose of
Immediately on their
celebrating the Eed, or festival, of Zilhijjah.
you must examine
court],
pare an abstract thereof 8.
On
their accounts of receipts
[at
arrival
and disbursements, and pre-
for our information.
a certain day, to be occasionally appointed,
all
the
Musulman
officers
belonging to your department shall be entertaincrl, at the charge of the Sircar,
with a public repast, to consist of Piilhlo of the
The
first sort.
Mdtusiiddies and
others, being Hindoos, shall, at the same time, have a separate repast provided for
them,
and such other
to consist of rice,
The whole
articles as usually coiiipose their food.
of them, after this, are to be brought into the Presence,
above-mentioned accounts are to be produced and examined such verbal communications,
judged leaf,*'"'
9.
requisite.
make
to
You
relative
;
respective concerns,
to their
when
the
and they are to make as
may be
This business being concluded, they are to receive the pa«?rt
and
their obeisance,
to withdraw.
are to procure the special signature of the Presence to the afore-men-
tioned accounts, and to preserve the same in your office. 10.
You
to receive
are [periodically]
above-mentioned,
such
all
letters
and
back from the Ndibs and Mutusiiddies receljits [or
acknowledgements] whether
Of
formal or informal,^"' as you have previously written or sent to them.
you are to make a your are to deliver are
all to
list
[or abstract], which, after affixing a seal
to the said
be destroyed.
and signature
(30)
It is
usual to present
The
to
Ndibs, in lieu of the original documents, which
it,
last
"'
V.
there to their stations.
these
pawn
to the inferior classes
of public officers and servants,
superior orders receive, on such
occasions,
dresses and other
Of
on dismissing
marks of ap-
probation.
(31} Original
^ja»»
-^c
. ,_jJc»-)
"
attested
and unattested, regularly signed and sealed,
or
other,
wise."
(32)
The
object of this regulation
is
not very obvious-
accumulation of documents, no longer useful.
It
might be,
to prevent an
inconvenient
APPENDIX. Of
V.
the
Means
to he
xliii
pursued, with a view to the opening and establishing of a
Commercial Intercourse with Foreign Countries. 1.
You must
Urzies to the Sirddrs [or chiefs] of foreign countries,'"'
address
and send the same, together with [suitable] presents for the said Sirddrs, by the hands of persons of respectable character and condition. After applying to, and obtaining from, those Sirddrs, the necessary A'om:/-"' for the purpose, you will proceed to establish factories in their countries, by appointing and sending thither the requisite officers, duly provided with money. 2.
These
structed to
officers [or
they arc called in the original] are to be in-
purchase and send hither
all
on arriving here, are
countries, which, benefit].
Xaibs, as
In like
manner
the rare and curious productions of those
be sold [on our account, or
to
and commodities of
are the rarities
this
for
our
country
to
be sent to the aforesaid factories, and there sold [on our behalf]. 3.
The
number
factories to be thus established in foreign countries arc to be seventeen in
Kutch and Muscat, already
(including those of
following
existing) agreeably to the
list
Kurnool,
Utnee (belonging to the Rdsta),
Cheena-pufn or Madras,
Ndndair (depending on Hyderabad),
Pondicherry,
Humndbdd
Poonah,
liachore (Adoni),
Kurpah,
Muscat,
Nagore
Kutch,
(in Tanjore),
Kurachy-bundcr of Sinde belonging
IVyrdg (depending on Poonah),
Mdligong
(ditto
Pdgar Koteh 4.
You
to
Nuseer Khun Buluche,
on Hyderabad),
Mahd-bunder, to France.
(belonging to the Rdsta,)
are authorized to
(ditto),
expend such sums
as shall
appear necessary and proper
to you, for the purpose of establishing the aforesaid factories. 5.
Proper agents must be stationed
silken stuffs,
at
those places in our dominions, where
of a superior quality, are fabricated, whose business
make (Economical
contracts for the provision thereof.
then to be exported to the places where they
may be
The in
stuffs,
it
(33) It
is
by no means
of the countries
clear,
who
arc meant,
in question,
demand. 6.
in this place,
had been intended,
have addressed them on such an occasion. officers or ministers, were to be applied to,
by Sirdars.
it is
this
occasion,
If the sovereigns, or chief
is '.o
say, the necessary
their principal
the difficulty of reconciling such a pro-
ceeding with the usual policy of the Sullan, will remain the s.Tme. (34) That
Agents
probable that the Sultan himself would
But whether the chiefs themselves, or only on
be to
so provided, are
f 2
rulers,
shall
encouragement and assurance of protection.
APPENDIX.
xliv
6.
Agents must,
factures
be sent to those foreign parts noted
also,
which being purchased,
;
advantageous
are to be
manu-
for their silken
brought hither, and sold
at
an
price.'"'
7. Sending,
charge of your deputies or agents,
in
other countries,
to
the
produce of our dominioiis, and disposing of the same there, the produce of those countries must be brought hither in return, and sold at such prices as will afford [good] profit.")
VI,
Commercial Deposits
Of
;
^or
a Plan for admitting the People at large to a
Participation in the Benefits to accruefrom the Trade of the Country. ^''^ 1.
All praise and glory be to the most high
God, who, breathing
handful of clay, which was before inanimate, gave
it
the form of
man
into a
life ;
and who
has raised some chosen individuals [of the species] to rank and power, riches and rule, in
order that they might administer to the feeble,
and promote the welfare of their people. In pursuance of this duty, we now decree as follows
the helpless, and the
destitute,
2.
That whosoever
:
with you any sum, from
shall deposit
Imaumies,^'' for the purpose of being employed in
traffic
five to
five
hundred
[on his account], such
person shall be entitled to receive [from you], at the end of a year, together with the principal amount of the said deposit, a profit, or increase, of half an
on every Imaumy so deposited or 3.
That whosoever
shall
make
thousand Imaumies, such person
a similar deposit, of from five shall, in
like
the end of a year, together with the principal
thereon of a quarter 4.
That
Imaumy on
for every
deposited, the person
every
Imaumy
5.
t\\
That
elve
hundred
manner, be entitled
amount of
to receive, at
his advance, a
increase,
to
Imaumies on every hundred Imaumies of such
be calculated principal.
'^'^
(35) Original
^ij,
(30) Original
Ju/Li; A>\>
*^
(38)
made
Imaumy
is
«-»U,«
^^i/
sufficiently
with that
is,
a profit
of
fifty
per cent.
(40) Being a profit of twenty-five per cent. (41
)
Or an
in the original, the title
here given
increase of twelve per cent,
it,
its
tenor will
title.
the term which Tippoo Sultan thought proper to substitute for rupee.
a rakity, or cantarai pagoda.
(39) That
That
'^^-^4/
(37) Although the present section does not bear,
found to agree
at
^"
remain in force from generation to generation. 6.
nevertlieless, be
profit
sum exceeding five thousand Imaumies which shall be so making such deposit shall be entitled, at the end of a 5'earj
this regulation shall
jj^
to five
so deposited.'^*
to receive, together with his principal, a profit, or
the rate of
Imaumy
advanced.''"'
Three of them
Ar
ND
That whenever any person, making
6. siiall
PE
xlv
X.
I
a deposit oF the nature above doscriber?,
think proper to applv for the restoration of anv part of such deposit, together
with the proportion of profit which
may be due
same
thereon, the
and a receipt
diately paid to him, without hesitation or dispute,
shall be
for the
imme-
amount be
taken from him. 7.
That
any person making a deposit of the nature
in the event of the death of
aforesaid, the heirs
and successors of such person,
department to the deceased,
time of
at the
shall,
on producing the
which were granted by the
ficates (bearing the seal of tlie Sircar)
his
making the deposit
certi-
JMidihiit Tiijur
in question,
and
on due proof being obtained of their being the rightful claimants, be entitled to
amount of the same [principal and Here follow some subsidiary regidations,
receive the
profit], Avithout
respecting the
accounts of these transactions were to be kept, which
it is
demur or delay.'**' mode in which the
not thought necessary to
insert. ^' 1 1.
As
Of
MuUhU
Field
Tiljdrs.
more Kushoous of the Afeer Meerdn department, together with two or more Kushoons of the Mecr Sudoor department, '^ are sent upon any service of the Khoddddd Sircar, there are to be attached to such force one 1
.
often as three or
Meer Meerdn
general officer
[or
one 3Ieer Sudoor, one Meer
in comraandj,
Jmf, (42) It
is
sufficiently clear, that the profit, or increase,
in fact, a stated interest,
which he agreed
As
footing of a commercial transaction.
pay or receive lyaz, or
But though the deposits
interest, in
to pay
a rigid
and therefore
spoken of
in the
on certain loans, proposed
foregoing regnlation, was, to
be raised on the ostensible
Musulman, however, it would not have become him to the word profit was substituted for this obnoxious terra.
question should have been really intended for interest loans,
appear, that the Sultan, supposing
him
to deal
by
his creditors with
good
faith,
to personal advantage in the transaction, since the «ett profits of the trade in question to the interest stipulated to
amount
might be with regard
was
to
be allowed.
would not
would hardly
be paid to the two inferior orders of lenders, whatever the case
to the superior class, to
On
it
could have had any view
the whole, therefore,
whom it
no more
may
th.in
the ordinary rate of interest in India
be safely admitted, that with respect to the humbler
description of subscribers, at least, the accommodation, thus placed in their reach, was sufficiently en-
couraging it
a
;
and
was possible
more
that,
for
beneficial
even in Ihe case of the more opulent of them,
it
may be
them, under such a government as that of Mysore,
manner, than the one here offered
difference in the rales
fairly
doubted, whether
to
have employed their capitaMn
to their acceptance.
Although the extraordinary
of interest assigned, respectively, by this regulation, to the sm.ill and great,
is
at
ntter variance with the principles which usually govern public loans in other countries, yet (here cao be
no doubt,
that the Sultan intended
it
as a pr.-'ciical
in the preamble of the present ordinance. hi*
good
faith, to avail
rich or
poor had
sufficient confidence in
themselves of the indulgence held out to them, or whether he did not, with bis
characteristic caprice, soon .ibandon the plan, I
(43)
proof of his obedience to the divine law, alluded to
Whether, however,
The Meer Sudoor department
am
equally
unabb
to say.
superintended the forts and garrisons, the latter of whith were,
for the most partj composed of the troops called Ehshdm,
APPENDIX.
Xlvi "'
Asof,
one Meer Khdzin,'*^- and one MulihU
Tiljdr,
who
are conjointly to order
pay and other disbursements, and to consult together on
issues of
all
all
matters
relating to the interests of the state, such as war, revenue, the state of garrisons,
&c.
on which occasions the
;
result of their deliberations
writing, according to which they are to act. deliberations,
to be deposited in a box,
is
directed in Article 21 of the
When
2.
first
The
^^
which
is
to be
committed to
record, containing the aforesaid
is
to be sealed up,
and lodged as
section of these Regulations.
one or two Kuslioons are detached on any
under a Buhhshy
service,
Meer Meerdn department, or when one Kushoon from the Meer Sudoor department is so detached, there must be sent with such Buhhshy or or Sipahddr of the
S'tpnhddr, from each of the departments of state above enumerated, a person of
respectable character and condition, and properly qualified for the situation
duty
it
shall
be to
assist in all
on the
deliberations
same manner, and with the same authority, Meerdn, &c. employed with a superior force.
You must
3,
accordingly provide five
affairs
as prescribed in the case of a
men
:
whoso
Meer
of respectable family, and duly
qualified for the occasional discharge of the trust in question, [for our approval]
;
of government, in the
and present them
which you must give them the necessary instructions for which they are designed, and hold them in readi-
after
their guidance in the service for
ness to proceed
on the same whenever VIII.
required.'"'
3Jiscellaneous Regulations.
Every possible encouragement was
1.
and black pepper
;
to be given to the culture of
sandal-wood
the Ryots' share of which articles of produce was constantly to
be bought up, on account of the Sircar.
The commercial
2.
Ndibs, stationed with the several provincial Asofs, were
authorised to employ Gumdshtehs, throughout their respective districts, for the
purpose of trafficking in
all
articles,
excepting those exclusively reserved for the
account of government (among which sandal-wood, and coined and uncoined gold
and
might
With
are particularly specified).
silver,
deal freely
^'
the exception of such articles, they
in all others, without let or hindrance
from the Asofs, who,
on {44) The Meer Asofs were at the
at
the head of the reveuue department,
the
Meer Meerans were
bead of the tnihtary department.
(45)
The Meer Khazins had
charge of the treasury, mint, &c.
(46) Although not expressly stated in this place, simil.ir occas'ons,
that this record
was
(17) T'hew^toi z Mulikut Tujar, rot
[as
Perhaps the
very obvious.
to contain
yet
it
may be
or any other
commercial agent, with
is
(as
I
a
military
expedition,
is
Sultan had no other view in the measure, than that staled in Article 4
and Note 51 of the following Section. (48) That
from other passages on
inferred,
each individual's opinion.
understand the passage) on iheir
own
account.
APPENDIX. on the contrary, were directed to be aiding
No other
The
employ
given to
and
in their
commercial pursuits.
free trade.
throughout the country, were allowed to
their oivn proper fy'"^ in trade;
th-e
to the
and were, moreover, exempted from the
duties.
Whenevtr
rest,
same
and Auinlls,
several Asnfs
payment of 4.
them
persons (except those to be presently mentioned), were, on any account,
to be sutiered to txercise the 3.
to
xlvii
Durhdr, or
a
was
court,
to
be held, notice thereof was to be
chief officers of the several departments of state
RLiUMt
;
among
and,
one of whom, acccmpanied by a Mirzdey
'IWjdrs.
Dnfiur,^'^''
a Hindoo// Di'ffur, was always to attend the Dui-hdr. on such occasions,
to remuin there
till
it
broke up
as well
:
in order
the
that the said JMulikiU
and
Tujdrs
might, in succession, acquire a knowledge of the general transactions of the government,'*" as that they might be enabled to state verbally to the Sultan, such matters, concerning their
own
particular department, as
might require
his atten-
tion. 5.
Elephants, required for expvirtatinn, were to be bought of the Sircar;''' and
such as
be wanted for the inimediate use of the Sultan, were to be pro-
niiiiht
cured from Mahmood-hunder,'''^' and other places. 6.
The Midilut
from the various
Tiljdrs were to collect factories un
coined to the fourth mint, lished mintage
(49) Original
*'
at
the gold and silver bullion they could
and to send the same to be
Seringnpatum, which was to be paid the estab-
on the amount.
J,!jJ ^).l«i< Ji^iUj c:J.'^\>o-
they might employ
all
their direction,
iheir
own money
in
JUjl
JW
j
^li-'l/l
commercial speculations, or
which may
traffic
in
either
mean, that
iuch comtuodiiies as they
possessed,
(50)
The Mirzdey Duftur was
a Musiilman,
and kept
his accounts in Persian.
(51) This implies, that the officers, so attending, were to be present at .ill discussions and deliberaIndeed, the Sultan hims'lf observes of this regulation, " thiit the adwhich might take place
tions
"
vantage to be expected from
«'
was, that, by
" and
this
all
the different departments of the government being assembled together,
means, each department would obtain an insight into the business of the others,
mutual counteraction and opposition
(52) That
(53) This
is,
is
were
to be supplied
be,
for the future, prevented.
from thcc caught on account of gorernment.
a sea-port town, in the district of Palamcoteh.
at the (54) There were five mints, one of which was appropriated to the coining of gold and silrer The first of these mints established was coined. within the was walls currency other four, the copper :
enclosing the palace. treasury.
The whole was
placed uuder the direction of the
Meer Khdzins,
or lords of the
APPENDIX.
Xlviii
APPENDIX F (Referred
to at
Letter XL.) to
relative
Copy of Instructions,
Daroghas
Intelligence,
HuRKAREHS,
of
(,
Instructions directed
to
are to go the rounds
and to report
[all
;
together with the spies,
to see with their
own eyes
occurrences] in writing.
Ahmed Ddrogha
Ghuliim
the
uiid of/wrsS^^
rThe Daroghas and Ndigs, [In the Sultan's own hand.'] ^
directed to
of HtirMrehs, and
Syed
Ddro'fha of Couriers, and Meer Baker, Ddrogha of the Paish-hheema, Shama Naig, and Shaisa Naig, and Sadaseo Naig, as follows
Ali,
<"
and
:
You, the above mentioned Hurkdreh Ndigs, must, during the space of one month, place spies throughout the whole fort, in the town of Gdjam, and in the two camp huzars, &c. and also over the doors of the great Meers' houses, and [by these means] gain intelligence of every person
and of what people say
;
who
goes to the dwelling of another,
and acquire knowledge of the true
state of things.
Ddroghas must write the occurrences of every day in three separate and you three Ndigs must, with your Persian reports, with your own hands reports, and bring and deliver them to the Canary own hands, write three separate But first you must give intelligence to all persons, that it is the order Presence.
You
three
;
of the Presence, that no one shall go to the house of another to converse
that whatever they Kuchia^ries.
If,
may have
to say
notwithstanding
must be communicated
this order,
but
;
in their respective
any person should go
to the
house of
you must, upon his returning out of the same, bring him that moment to the o-ate of the palace, and report [the circumstance] to the Presence. Durino- one month, you, together with your Hurhdrehs, shall perform the
another,
duty of spies intelligence,
and the next month you must communicate these orders, regarding to Akibut Mahommed, Ddrogha of Hurhdrehs, and Kadir Ali, ;
Yoosif, Ddrogha of the Paish-hheema, and Khan, Chik Naig, and Hully Narain, and Yar Singa Naig, Poota Naig, Nubby
Ddrogha
of Couriers,
and Meer
put them on the duty of
your functions
spies.
You
will then
remain in
[the execution
of]
at the gate of the palace.
After (1)
For the original of the present
article,
as well as for the following translation of
it,
I
am
in-
debted to Lieutenant Colonel Ogg. (2)
The Paish-kheema
marching.
is
the establishment of tents,
&c. sent in advance, for accommodation
when
APPENDIX.
Xlix
After one month, the aforesaid will report to you again the orders regarding
and you
intelligence,
must
relieve
will again
perform the duty of
each other monthly
:
spies. In this manner you and the orders of the Presence are not again
necessary [on this subject].
Written the 25th of the month Ruhhdny, year Shdd, 1223 from the birth of Mahommed, with the hand of Syed Husain.
To
this purport other instructions
have been written, directed to Akibut
med, Durogha of HurhdreJis, and Kader
Ali,
Ddrogha
Mahom-
of Couriers, and
Meer
Ddrogha of the Paish Kheema, to Singa N&ig, Pootah Naig, Nubby Yur Khan, Chik Naig, and HuUy Narain. Yoosif,
The
following
personage than
is
a translation of a
note addressed to Tippoo, by no
Mahommed Mukhdoom,
shows, that the Sultan employed spies of
the son of Lala Meea. all
less
a
This document
ranks.
" Cherisher of the World Health be unto you Your slave, as he was coming from the house of his brother, happened to *' meet in the way with Ghulam Hyder. Sitting down together, he told me that " the household effects of Husun Ali were about to be sent off that very day. I " answered, that I had heard the same thing, but not from any authority to be !
!
*'
" depended upon.
Now, however,
that your slave has received the orders of the
*'
resplendent Presence for the puqiose, he will be careful to obtain every possible
"
information, and to report to the sublime _Presence such authentic intelligence as
"
shall reach
him."
APPENDIX (Referred I
am
to in
Letter LXVII.)
indebted for the following explanation of the cypher, alluded to in Letter
LXVII,
to
Mr. Stewart, the Arabic,
Persian,
Honorable the East-India Company's College till
after that Letter
The
F.*
had gone to
verse, containing the
as follows
press,
it is
and Hindoostany Professor
at Hertford.
Not having
at
the
received
it
inserted in this place.
key to the cypher in
question,,
is
read by
Mr.
Stewart..
:
g
which
APPENDIX.
1
which may be thus rendered
:
The Units reach just to the line; The Tens not quite so low are seen The Hundreds to the right incline While Thousands
Thus
t'
\
VA ^ r rd 1 VA ^
f^r
f^
I
1
6
/A/**^/^^ Y'f^^
Or
CC
Hundreds
Lt
Thousands
J fj^
8
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
& 9.
Stand for 10, 20, 30, &c. to 90.
Stand for 100, 200, &c. to 900.
f..
the Hundreds and Thousands
do lean.
Stand for
N^
Vft^ b A>^
\
to the left
Stand for 1000, &c.
may
be thus denoted
:
t ^^ i
4.
&c.
But the XJbjud notation (according to which the several letters of the alphabet are to be denoted by figures, and, vice versa, the latter to be reduced to letters) not going beyond 1000, by which number the letter c is expressed, the foregoing scheme
is
applicable
no farther
what follows a thousand,
:
Thus
ployed only to denote numbers.
would not convey any other meaning.
The
following example
is
jbV or
w might
therefore, can
be used
for
3000
;
but
*^ for the better illustration of the
added,
be em-
cypher in
question.
Ghulam Hyder
—S^ And Tippoo •^^
This,
(jJua..
^
'
Sultan
^-—
I believe,
scription of the
Ai^
(^
..UaLi
would be thus written
f-
—^— or '
v^)
or instead of
was the cypher in which
works of Fort
/
may
this
V
this
/r may be used.
be used.
thus,
-W
'
instead of
St.
their residence at that presidency.
(as
V
mentioned at Letter LHI) the de-
George was written by Tippoo's f^aheeh, during
APPENDIX. APPENDIX, (Referred to
An Historical Kurnool,
Sketch of
my
or, as
the
at Letter
U
G. CIl.)
Pat an Puincipality of Kvrsool.^^
Persian original has
it,
Kunnool,'^^
same time, the
Sircar, giving, at the
But however
to Adoni.
title
might
this
be,
by some
is
described as a Muhul, ov Purgunnah, of the Sircar Adoni
;
were included
Kurnool
is
in
its
it
is
certain that, as
Moghul empire, both
a
well during the
degradation
its
the districts in question
jurisdiction.
not particularly noticed in the annals of the
Aurungzebe's apjiearance in that quarter of India. part taken by some of
has conferred upon
The
it
of Souhah (as in the case of Runkapoor)
existence of Reejapnor as a separate kingdom, as subsequently to to the rank of a province of the
autljoritics
while others ~call
its
chiefs, in the
Decan
till
the period of
Since then, however, the active
subsequent transactions of that busy scene,
a considerable degree of distinction.
it
founder of the Patan dynasty oi Kurnool was, as has been eysewhere inci-
dentally mentioned,"' 1.
Khizr Khdn Punny,^*^
an Afghan, of the tribe called rank
in the
Poorif-ZyeS''''
Moghul army, when
He
had already attained
to
Khun,
g 2 The
(1)
given
following article
Appendix D.
in
uncertain,
tluit
am
free to
chiefly derived
from the same source as the memoir relating
to
If the chronology, however, of the latter be in general defective,
present sketch
of the
common
uatortunately constitutes too I
is
own, indeed,
on the whole,
is,
sliil
less
satisfactory.
a fault in most of the productions of the
that both the chronology
«ilher with Scott's Decan, or with the
some
the latter was joined from Hhdnoor by lihiilool
Maasir
ul
Inattention
minor
annalists
and the narrative of Meer Husain, when
Omra, should be
ShJnoor,
and often to dales
of India.
at variance
received with caution.
Meer Husain informs us, that this town (to which Allumgecr gave the name of Kunir-nuer) its Hindoo name from the beautiful cotton fabrics, such as Sailahs and others, for which it was formerly, and may be still, notjd Kundnuol signifying, in the language of that country, " fin« (2)
derives
;
"
Hence lame A'^nnou/ and Kurnoul:
spun, clear thread."
the dialects of India.
women
Kurnool
than for that of
its
See Appendix D, under
(4)
I
Scott,
(5)
am :
uncertain whether
and,
therefore,
I
"
Bhiilool
thus written in
my
author,
for
the
most of
beauty of
ii«
this
word
Khin." is
Punnij or Beeny,
the original being susceptible of both
have follosved the orthography which
the learned translator of Ferisklak, It is
the n and r being i)eriuulable in
not less celebrated, according to
muslins.
(3)
readings
is
my
manuscript..
I
find
adopted by Captain j<;nathaa
APPENDIX.
lii
Khan, between whose family, and that of Khizr Khan, a great friendship had always subsisted. The young men having, in consequence, been educated together, had contracted a strict intimacy, which was now renewed, and closely cultivated by both. Bhulool Khan happening, at this conjuncture, to stand high in
Khan Jehan
the favour of Aurungzebe, as well as in that of his chief counsellor,
Khan, employed
his credit with
them
so effectually in behalf of his friend, that
Khizr Klian, besides an augmentation of his immediate Munsuh, soon obtained the government of Kurnool in Jdgeer, upon the condition of his maintaining, for
the imperial service, a body of three thousand horse, and seven thousand foot.
The
limits of the Sircar of
Kurnool
on
(as it is
this occasion called)
fluctuated greatly, in the course of the various revolutions
They must,
experienced.
which that
me
at least, if the information before
at a
sum exceeding
The still
had
has
than they rated
is
thirty-four lac1
Moghul arms, but was
to the
occupied on behalf of the reigning sovereign of Beejnpoor
therefore,
to,
which Khizr Khan became master,
Kurnool had not yet submitted
fortress of
district
be accurate, have
beea considerably more extensive, at the period just now referred are at this time, since the revenue, of
have probably
to reduce
it,
before he could enter
upon
Khizr Klian,
:
new government.
his
For
this purpose, accompanied by Bhulool Khan, he immediately proceeded against
that place, the
commander of which was soon
convinced,
bribes and threats, of the necessity of surrendering
it.
by the
joint force of
After this, he would not
appear to have experienced any serious difficulty in establishing his authority
throughout the
and not
When
rest of the district.
before,
this object
was completely
effected,
own
Bhulool Khun, taking leave of his friend, returned to his
Jdgeer.
We he
is
hear nothing further of Khizr Khan, said
conducted by Allumgeer in person.
one day to pay
till
It
his respects to the
was
at this juncture that, while proceeding
Emperor, he happened
gateway leading to the Imperial residence. Shaikh Minhaj formerly of the
when
several years after this time,
distinguished himself greatly at the siege of Aurungahad,
to have
first
to encounter, at a
De
Rany, an Oinra
rank at the court of Beejapoor (which, with several other
nobles of that declining kingdom, he had some time before quitted in disgust), and
no his
less
celebrated for his bold and unguarded language on
intrepidity
in
the
subsisted between these situation
field.
Whether any
rivalry or
two great men does not appear
which has been mentioned, they engaged
;
all
occasions, than for
ill-will
had previously
but meeting
now
in a violent dispute
precedence, which soon terminated in the death of Khizr Khan,
in the
regardmg
who
fell
by a
wound
A wound,
K D I X.
lill
own
during the contest, by his adversary's
inflicted
nevertheless,
PPE
utterly
fearless
instantly repaired to the
hand.'^'
The
consequences of his sanguinary
of the
Imperial Presence; where, with a levity but
latter,
rashness, suited,
ill
he scoffingly related, " that having met, in " his passage througli the portal of the palace, with a kicking ass,'' he had either to the place or to the occasion,
" presently removed the
nuisance.""'
was
it
still
considering what
the allusion of the Shaikh,
The Emperor,
when the Urz-baigy^^
could mean,
by
astonished at this address, appearing, explained
weight and credit which he enjoyed,
Allumgcer judged
it
The
a circumstantial report of what had happened.
murderer, in the mean while, remained perfectly unmolested this time, at the
at
:
for such
was the
imperial court,
that
expedient to wink at his conduct on the present occasion.
It
was not thus, however, with 2.
Ddood Khdn Punny
Khan, who no sooner learned the fate of the latter, than, quitting Payen Ghaut Carnatic, which had been some time before confided to him by Allumgeer, he hastened to Kurnool ; from whence, after collecting together a considerable body of troops, and leaving his brother, AH Khan, in charge of his Jugeer, he proceeded by rapid marches towards Aurungahad, with the son of Khizr
the government of the
The
the avowed purpose of avenging his father's death.
by the Patau excited no small uneasiness justly apprehensive, lest
it
in the
desperate step thus taken
mind of the Emperor, who was
should produce a division, and perhaps a tumult, in the
imperial army, in which both Shaikh Minhaj and his adversary friends
and
partisans.
chastise his temerity,
authority; and
if,
he sent a force
If
oppose the progress of the
iiand,
he suffered the Patans,
disposition of their leader, to join the imperial
and bloodshed which were too
latter,
proclaim the contempt entertained
would be to
it
on the other
to
had numerous or to
for his
iu the present
camp, he anticipated the confusion
likely to ensue,
from the impetuous
spirit,
and
deep-rooted hatred of the contending chiefs, acting on the fierce and turbulent From this dilemma he was, however, character of their respective adherents. for the present, relieved,
by Zoolf kar Khan, the Khdtisdmdn
Asud Khan, who had been
the Fizier,
(or
house steward) of
the intimate friend and sworn brother of
Khizr (6)
A
diffl-rcnt
account
is
given of Khizr Khan's deaih
in
tliC
sfcond volume of Scott's Dccan,
page 38. (7)
In
flic
original
(8) Original
l-j^J^j>-
ci^-lbjJ ^\-^j\
or literally,
"
extermination, or putting lo death. (9)
The master of
requests or of cercmonie*.
lifted
from iLc midst/' an expreision uiually denoting
A
y^Y
PPKN
D
I
X.
Khizr Khan by whose sons he liad been, in consequence, always considered in Zoolf kTir Khun, avaiUng himself of this title to the deference the H"-ht of an uncle. of the Patan (and which, by Mahommedans in general, is deemed to be little or ;
nothino' inferior to the claims derived from absolute consanguinity), proposed to
write to justice
him
adoptive nephew, exhorting
his
to submit
himself entirely to the
of the Emperor, and dismissing the chief part of his followers, to repair,
in perfect confidence, to his (Zoolfkar's) quarters
;
whence he promised
to
conduct
him to an audience of his Majesty, and to procure for him all the satisfaction he Uaood Khan, yielding to the advice and entreaties of his friend, could desire. was immediately presented to the monarch who, besides a most gracious reception, gave him some wholesome counsel for the regulation of his conduct, which he ;
concluded, by assuring take
its
regard to his father's death, the law should
that, in
accordingly appointed for the pubHc
following day was
The
course.
him
In the
hearing of the cause.
mean
while, however, desirous, either for personal
or political reasons, of skreening the culprit,
geer sent privately for Shaikh Minhaj
;
if possible,
and
telling
from punishment, Allum-
him
that as, agreeably to the
law, he could not be convicted of the offence imputed to him, except
upon
admission, he (the Emperor) trusted that he would feel no hesitation, fronted with his accuser, in asserting his innocence.
have apparently assented
:
To
this the
his
own
when con-
Shaikh
is
said to
but however that might be, he was, no doubt, very far
from entertaining such an intention
;
since the next
morning, when publicly
on the occasion, instead of denying the crime laid to his charge, he loudly exclaimed, " that it was most true that he had slain the whoreson'"" in " question, with the identical poignard which he then held in his hand, and that he " was, in like manner, prepared to kill any other whoreson, who should seek to " avenge his death." So saying, he quitted the Durhdr, leaving the whole
interrogated
assembly in utter amazement the power of his father
;
Daood Khan
who,
to
at his temerity.
wreak
after this time,
Nor was
his meditated
it
any future period in
at
vengeance upon the murderer of
was always surrounded by a body of three hundred
well armed and desperate Decanies, whose particular duty
it
was to watch the
motions of the Patans, and whose vigilance and courage constantly frustrated every attempt of the
latter
upon
his
life.'"'
It (10) Original
iS^s;^
used by Tippoo Sultan.
,jU which has nearly the same
The former
is
said
by Meer
signification as the
Hiisain to be a very
^jlUiJjjU
common
so frequently
term of abuse with
the Decanies. (11~>
least to
It is a
remarkable
be expected, by
fact,
his
that the death of this turbulent
bestowing on one of
his
own
nobleman was
servants the
same
nt last
occasioned,
foul epithet
when
which he
Iiad till
APPENDIX. It is not stated
by our
what means were taken by the Emperor,
annalist,
perplexing predicament, to reconcile
hopes of public satisfaction
It
Daood Khan
in this
the disappointment of those
to
which he had been conappears, however, that the Patan continued with
for the
fidently taught to entertain.
the im})erial army
Iv
murder of
his father,
some time after which event he was slain in a sanguinary tumult, excited, as Meer Husain says, by the jealousy and hostility of a faction at court, who spared no means to effect his disgrace and the death of Aliumgeer
till
By
removal from thence.
other accounts, however,
an attempt which he had made to cut certain
upon
many Omras
that
is,
He
this occasion.
ruled between
Upon
him.
and
^\\(t
All
is
it
the Viceroy of the Decan.
issue,
Daood Khan,
was succeeded by
fell
in
What
is
their lives
his only brother,
recorded of
is
his son,
Ihraheem Khdn,
stated to have filled the office of SouhuJiddr of Adoni, durinsr the life-time
Daood Khan
of his uncle,
;
but whether on the part of the
immediate nomination from the Viceroy of the Decan, he must have held
incline to think, however, that
since their
is
after ascending the
Kurnool, the «
made
also
all
as
it
latter,
or under an
not mentioned.
is
I
a separate government,
know of, for believing that Ado)U constituted at any Kurnool. However this may be, Ibraheem Khan, soon
no authority, that
period, a dependency of
He
lost
during which period nothing
government devolved upon
his death, the
would appear that he
Khdn Punny^
six years,
4.
who
off
of distinction, besides
dying without 3.
who
;
Miisnud,
I
about rebuilding with masonry the citadel of
set
of which, before this time, appears to have consisted only of
considerable additions and improvements to the town
mud.
and applying
;
sedulously to the augmentation of his military force, and particularly to that part of
it
composed of Afghans of
his
own
tribe,
soon found himself at the head of a respectable
then so often used with impunity, both to high and low
till
tome
who had
ihe clerk,
prepared
with ne^jligence, applying to him,
it,
This drawing from
of abuse. exasperated
at
aggravation of
tlie
what he conceived accompanied
pellation, but
"
ilic
it
to
insulted clerk
bo
tiie
died of the
wound
disgrace already put
thus inflicted.
stant, a sacrifice to the fury
When
it is
incredible, (hat
a
it
is
related of Iiim,
at the
same time,
tli.it
h.iving,
on
passionately taxed
lie
his
customary term
respectful, but spiiitcd remonstrance, iha Shaikli,
insolence of his servant, not only repeated the o/Ten'iive ap-
with a slap on the face.
upon him, and
of life," suddenly plunged the pen,* with
•
for
:
occasion, discovered a slight error in an account submitted to his inspection,
The (as
poor MiilusuiUy, rendered frantic by this
my
author expresses
which he was writing, into the
It is scarcely
it)
" washing
his
side of his master,
necessary to add, that his murderer
fell,
at
the
hands
who
same
in-
of the surrounding attendants.
rccollc«teil, that the
pen spoken of Avas forined of a strong sliarp-poinlej recJ,
such an insuumcnt should have
infticicd a
niorul wound.
it will
not, perhaps, appesi
APPENDIX.
fvi
respectable army, with
which he was enabled
many
exact tribute from,
past, paid a very reluctant obedience to their
After
leaving his son, Alif
this,
by the advice of
himself,
Khan,
Khan Jehan
This he did so
Khiin,
Aurungabad, at that
new
grant, in
he returned
this object,
his Jdgeer,
to
over
Kurnool, where he occupied himself in the
Khan) tion
which he did while the
;
Khan
Ali
latter
affairs
of
was
still
encamped,
homage
to the
new
after his recent victory
nephew of the Umeer dl Omra, Syed Husain Ali Burhanpoor.^^'^ Here he met with a distinguished recep-
from Asof Jah, who, according in
stipula-
(the
in the vicinity of
Jdgeer
of five lackt
the appointment of the Ndbob, Asof Jah, to the government of
till
Aalum
Nuzr
Having accomplished
the Decan, upon which occasion the Patan hastened to do V^iceroy
for the pur-
time Viceroy of
which the former
whatever they might have been, were wholly omitted.
tions,
he proceeded
he obtained, instead of the usual
to the Viceroy,
patent of confirmation for his Jdgeer, a
to
rulers.
in charge of his Jdgeer,
who was
and
had, for some tima
successfully, that in return for a
which he presented
of rupees,
who
Mahommedan
his principal counsellors, to
pose of paying his court to the Decan.
to subject to his authority,
of the surrounding Polj/gars,
the terms of
that
to
my
author,
renewed the patent
for his
him by Khan
Jehan
which had been granted
Khan. Being seized, about this time, with a severe indisposition, he left his son, Alif Khan, in attendance upon the Ndzhn, and repaired to Kurnool, where he died, at the
end of three or four
years, after having ruled over the principality of
He
Kurnool somewhat more than fourteen years. 5.
was succeeded by
Alif Khdn Punny,
who
contriving to ingratiate himself with Nasir Jung,
Jah,
is
said to have
his son,
had a principal share
in
the Second son of Asof
seducing him from his duty and
alle-
giance to his father, at the time that the latter, being obliged to repair to Dehli, left
him
in the
temporary charge of the government of the Decan.
lowed, on this occasion, does not belong to the present narrative. to say, that Nasir
Jung was,
in
the end, reconciled to his father,
himself with manifesting his displeasure against those
by prohibiting
presence.
some of these, and
It is
probable, however, that for this
derations of policy, practicability, of
impunity,
less
who
contented
who had been most
mental in exciting him to rebellion,
were indebted
It
What folmay suffice
their
appearance
particularly Alif
instruin
hi«
Khan,
to the lenity of the N'lzdm, than to consi-
which might have suggested the inexpediency,
if
not the im-
punishing such jx)werful offenders in a more signal manner.
Am (12) This victory was obtained, according to the itfaojir or
some time
in
A.D. 17 20.
til
Omra, ou the 6th S^uud/, A.H. U33,
APPENDIX. Alif Khiin continued in disgrace with
Ivii
sop?rior,
Iiis
when Asof summoned
the period
till
Jah, turning his thoughts to the settlement of the lower Caniatic, "
the various Miumihddrs and Jdgeerddm, subject to his authority, to repair to his
On
standard, with their respective military contingents.
Bahadur Khan,
in the first instance, dispatched his son,
whom
he transmitted,
at
period, in attendance
of the latter, or, at
formal pardon
;
Nuzr
upon Asof Jah, had the
in
money, toge-
These submissions beiuf
Khan
Alif
it.
The
hastened back to Kurnool with the joyful intelligence.
whom
whom
he appears
he was received to
have continued
Carnatk, when he was permitted
manner
in a
obtained a
an honourable reception and dismission,
after
hereupon,
father,
leaving his son in charge of his Jdgeer, proceeded in person to the
Nizdm, by
at this
subduing the resentment
effect of
of inducing him to dissemble
and Behadiir Khan,
the Ndzitn, to
Shdnoor and Kurpah, who were,
offices of the cliiefs of
least,
to join
the same time, a considerable
ther with suitable apologies for his past misconduct.
seconded by the good
this occasion, the Patan,
camp
of the
and with
sufficiently gracious,
the termination of the expedition to the
till
to return to his Jdgeer.
Here he
shortly after
died, having ruled thirteen years, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
Behdddr Klidn,
6.
known
also
by the
title
of
Himmut Behiidilr,''"'
he was distinguished for his extraordinary which he carried on the internal affairs of
which he
whom Meer Husain
intrepidity,
and
for the
his government, in the
steadily followed the example,
But whatever
wisest of his predecessors.
of
and conformed to the
management
of
jjracticc,
of the
might
Nasir Jung, subsequently to the accession of the latter to the after
prudence with
his character, in these respects,
be, his conduct (as well as that of the other Patan chieftains of the
and soon
reports, tiiat
with regard to Miizuffer Jung
(a
Fs'dz'tm
Decan) towards
Musnud of Hi/derahad, own creation),
of their
exhibits nothing but a tissue of the blackest perfidy and ingratitude.
The
particulars of the transactions, here alluded to, are already too well It will
be sufiicient to
to require to bo recited in this
j)lace.
Meer Husain, it was by unfortunate Ndzim perished
the immediate hand of B;hadur
to
vive in
a
the
;
Khan
according
'
being himself
is
in
which took place
at
Rnechnoh/,
after,
between the everturbulent
A.D. 1743.
does not appear by wliom, or upon what occasion, this
title
wa? conferred npnn
(14)
It
(J 5)
This event took place near Gingec, on the 5lh December 1750
ibe
that the
about two months
slain,
•»
(13) That
known
and that the detestable traitor did not long sur-
victim of his treason,
sanguinary tumult
state, that,
Nabob of Kurpah the
assassio.
The Maasir
ul
Omra
:
BcluVlilr KiiAn.
other writers, liowcvor,
agrees with the account in the text.
make
APPENDIX.
Iviii
turbulent Afghans and their late accomplices in the atrocious assassination of Nasir Jung.-"'
Behadur Khan ruled over Kurnool between seven and eight succeeded, at his death, by his brother,
and
vva«
Miinuwer Khdn Punny,
7.
who happening
years,'"^
to reside, at this period, at
Nundidl, the Polygar of Gudduck,
encouraged thereto, and assisted by the French, took advantage of his absence from
Kurnool, and the confusion which prevailed there, in consequence of the sudden
and
disastrous death of
Behadur Khan,
to surprize
and
seize
upon that
place.
Munuwer Khan hereupon hastened to Kurpah, where he solicited the aid of its chief, Abdiil Nuby Khan, towards the recovery of his inheritance. Abdiil Nuby, who could not feel himself very secure on his own Musnud, so recently after the tragic events of
some
Cnngee and Raechoofi/,
mone)\
assistance in
By
is
nevertheless said to have afforded
means Munuwer Khan was enabled to collect soldiers and three hundred horse, with which
this
together about seven hundred foot
The
small force he did not hesitate to advance against Kia^nool. his
capital with such a handful of
would, probably, have proved
him
men
appeared
the garrison
so, if
Gudduck had prudently remained within the walls.
short of desperate,
little
in
left
attempt to recover
and
by the Polygar of
it
Instead of this, however, they
unwisely came out, and giving battle to the Patau, were defeated with great slaughHereupon the Polygar s commander, being panic struck, immediately ter.
According to Meer Hiisain, however,
surrendered the place. success of
Munuwer Khan was
much owing,
not so
the enemy, or to the valor of his
own
this extraordinary
either to the indiscretion of
followers, as to the powerful aid
whicli he
derived from the presence and prayers of a celebrated Peer,"^' established in the
neighbourhood of A^MrnooZ, and called Shah Mustan,
whom
he had had the good
fortune to encounter on his march, and to propitiate in his favor.
author
may
the Patau's
be believed) the appearance of this holy personage, little
It
was
at the
(if
our
head of
band, which, by striking unusual terror into the enemy, prin-
cipally contributed to the victory obtained over the latter.
Munuwer (lO) This tumult occurred on the 17th of
Muhurram, A.H. II6I,
(17) This account would place his accession to the
towards the
latter part of
(18) This term
eminent
them
is
AD.
1753.
applied by the
for their sanctity
and pieiy
See note
at the
Mahommedans They
or about the end of January 1"5I
Musnud about
end of the present
the middle of
to those superiors of
the religious orders,
are the ghostly fathers of the
are pretended to have performed miracles.
A.H. 1156, or
article.
most
Musulmans, and many of
APPENDIX. Munuvver Khan
rcmaine
from
lix
this time, iu quiet possession of his country,
when Shahnuwaz Khan '"' being Sulabut Jung (the brother and successor
until the period
minister to
army from Hyderabad.,
for the declared purpose
raised
the office of chief
to
of Nasir Jung) dispatched an of reducing Kurnool,
and of
punishing, in the jierson of the ruling chief, the treason and ingratitude of his
The
predecessor.
Patau, however, not only had
pending danger, but, by means of the
tlie
address to avert the im-
pro})er application of bribes,
and of suitable
submissions, to obtain a confirmation of his Jugeer, on condition of paving a tribute to the government of Hyderabad. Tlie amount of this
certain annual tribute
is
not stated
but
:
exacted of him by a
had
it
new
was, probably, the same which was, some time after, adversaiy,
more formidable than the one whom he
still
lately appeased.
Tlie
enemy who now
disturbed the repose which
Munuwer Khan
vainly flattered
himself he had secured, by his recent pacification with the Soubah, was the celebrated Hyder Ali Khan who, some time after he had made the Patan Chief of ;
Shdnoor submit
to
advanced against Kurnool, with the professed
his authority,
determination of reducing the latter place also to subjection. prepared, as well as he could, to repel the invader,
prevent from investing his capital. critical occasions that
had
Munuwer Khan
whom, however, he
could not
In these perilous circumstances, as on
all
other
memorable overthrow of the troops of
arisen, since his
the Pofygar of Gudducli, and his subsequent establishment in his principalitv, he sought the council and assistance of Shah Mustan (already mentioned in the relation of those events) and one of whose most steady and zealous disciples he had
now become,
if
he had not been always
on the remarkable
effects attributed,
by
so.
his
The
holy man,
superstitious admirers, to
interposition in behalf of the Patan, boldly desired to rely
on the speedy discomfiture of
enemy.
his
j)resumiiio-,
actually persuaded himself, that he possessed
perhaps,
former
his
him to be of good cheer, and Whether this enthusiast had
any supernatural means of
realizino-
the hopes he raised, or depended, for producing that result, on some secret corres-
pondence which he might have entered tioned by
my
author.
However
this
into with the invader's
might
be,
army,
is
not
men-
he mounted the following mornino-,
bare-headed and bare-footed, on an elephant provided for the occasion, and taking with him a select body of Afghans, proceeded, with great rapidity, in the direction of Ilyder's camj).
Hereupon, some of the
of that chieftain, observing the
,
by
by which
his son
of the Peer, and probably apprized of
h 2
his
Meer AbdAl Huyi Khan,
his father
was distinguished;
persons in the confidence
movement
(19) This was the author of the Maasir ul Omra, death
princij)al
to
which
afterwards raised to the
a supplement title
was
aiUleil,
after
Lit
of Sums&mfid Dowlah, the same
APPENDIX.
Ix
his purpose, were induced, cither still less
by
superstitious considerations, or
by motives
excusable, to represent to their master the obloquy and danger to which
he would expose himself, by persisting in the attack of a place, which was evidently under the protection of so venerable and powerful a saint as Shah Mustiin. They concluded with earnestly exhorting him, as he valued his
interest
and
safety,
house, to desist from a purpose so pregnant with
or the prosperity of his
evil.
subject to the influence of superstition, offended, either
Hyder, w ho was but
little
at the freedom or the
folly of this advice, sharply
it
own
demanded of those from
whom
proceeded, " whether his state was not under the protection of a saint, as well
" as that of Kurnool?''
To
course, obliged to reply
in the affirmative,
reasonable interrogatory, the others, being, of
this
Hyder
sneeringly observed, " that
" such being the case, he would leave the two saints to settle their own quarrel as " they pleased, while, at any rate, he was determined to bend the neck of
" iMunuwer Khan to the yoke of obedience." During this conversation, the towards the Mysorean camp but whether it was advance Shdh continued to owing to his observing any movements in the latter, which indicated a resistance he had not reckoned upon, or to any intelligence conveyed to him from thence, :
or, finally, to
a sudden conviction of the extravagance and hopelessness of his
enterprize, he thought proper, vvhile to
turn
short round, and
instantly advised
" send him awav
hasten
Munuwer Khan :
"
adding, "
still
at
some distance from the enemy's
back to Kurnool; where, on his " to give some
money
arrival,
to his visitor,
he
and to
that as things were then circumstanced, he could
" answer for the preservation of nothing beyond the walls of the the prowess of the
lines,
Shdh would have been adequate
fort."
Whether
for the defence of these,
was
not put to the proof; for the Patau wisely dispatched a Fakeel to Hyder, with
such ])roposals of accommodation as the latter judged although, according to
it
Meer Husain, they amounted only
to
expedient to accept, the payment of an
annual tribute of a lack of rupees, and the immediate delivery of a large supply of provisions
:
to which,
attachment and submission. such easy terms to
him
at
this
Perhaps the chief motive of Hyder, in granting
Munuwer Khan,
Kurpah, which he appears
Munuwer Khan
were added abundant assurances of future
however,
to
arose from his impatience to proceed against
have done directly
after his
departure from Kurnool.
continued subject to the pecuniary contribution imposed upon
juncture (but which, as
pondence with Runmust Khan,
-°'
may
be collected from Tippoo Sultan's corres-
was not very punctually discharged)
till
the
partition (20)
It is
proper to observe, in
must Kh^o, which
is
this place, that either
Munuwer Khin must
have been also called Run-
by no means impossible, or Meer Husain must have overlooked,
ia his
enumeration of
APPENDIX. partition treaty of to the IVizdnt,
Seringapatam,
Ixi
in 17.95, wliicli
once
at
tiansfcrret 1
and released the principality of Kurnool from
all
lliis
tribute
dependence
future
on the ruler of Mysore. During the war wliicli preceded the treaty, Munuwer Khan had been required to repair to the standard of the JSizdm, with the military quota, which, as a feudatory of the nish
and though he was himself,
:
the fatigues of the
field,
Jah,'-''
by which many of the petty
territories, being, at the
superior lord.
another,
this period, too old
bound
and infirm
to fur-
undergo
to
when
the latter joined the British forces
was exemplified the curious, hut anomalous nature, of the
this occasion
tenure,
at
of the Dccan, he was
he nevertheless sent his contingent, headed by his son,
Khan, along with Secunder under Lord Cornwallis. Alif
On
Suitbttli
states
and chieftains of the Decan hold their
same time, the feudatories of one, and the
Munuwer Khan was
I'hus,
at once
tributaries of
subject to
Tippoo
Nizam Ali Khan yet the former's claims upon the Patan were not way impairing those of the latter, who was still supposed to right of summoning him to his standard, and of demanding his
Sultan and to
:
considered as any possess
the
services,
no matter against what power, whenever he thought proper.
It is true,
that this right being derived from a source which, in point of fact, no longer existed,'"*
rested chiefly on
what might be
called a
mere
political
but,
:
respected
by
author, soon after the conclusion of
tjje
similar pretensions continue, in various cases,
nevertheless,
fiction
to be
prejudice and habit, and, in others, to be enforced by power.
Munuwer Khan
died, according to
peace of Seringapatam, that
to say,
is
my
some time
in the year 1/92, having ruled
over Kurnool during a period of forty-one lunar years.
He
was succeeded by
his
son, 8.
Alif Khdn,
who, by the treaty concluded in 180i), between the British Government in India and the Nabob, Nizam Ali Klu'm, was placed, in a certain degree, under the protection
of the East India
Company,
to
whom
the tribute, which
he stood
engaged to pay to the government of Hyderabad, was then transferred by the latter.
Meer of
llie
chiefs of Kurnool,
one of the dynasty
That the person who ruled over doubt; yet
if
;
an omission which wi'l be allowed
that principality, in I78(J,
be bore two names,
it
to
be very unlikelv.
was nameu Runii.uit KhAii, admits
mentioned both of them. (21) At that lime the second son of (22) Because,
strictly
Ni/4m
speaking, there
J
no
might have been expected that our biographer would have
is
All Khikn, and
no looker
a
now nominal Soulah
of the Dccan.
Soubahddr, or viceroy, of the Dccan.
APTENDIX.
Ixii
Meer Husain by observing, would appear and
concludes his brief account of the Patan dynasties of the Decan
that the reputation of their chiefs, for courage and to
enterprize,
have begun to decline from the period of Daood Khan's
to have finally expired with
The
manly
deatl),
Bchadur Khan.
following table has been formed with the view of fixing, as far as was
practicable, the periods at
which the
several chieftains of
succeeded to their respective principalities.
Shdnoor and Kurnool
Being deduced,
for the
most
part,
from the imperfect data furnished by Meer Husain, and these being too vague to be confidently relied on, it follows, that it can be offered as no more than an attempt at an approximation to the truth.
Shdnoor Dynasty, 1.
2.
3.
1531
Khan
1612
5. Dulail
Kh&n,
Dilecr Klian
7.
8.
9.
1612
47| 1659-60
1659-60
31
1690-1
1690-1
28
1718-9
ni8-9
9
1727
1121
31
1758
1758
34
1792
.}
Abd&l Mujced Khan AbdQl Iliikcem Khan Kheera Meea
1531
or
Abdul Gliuffar Guufoor Meea
10.
Died.
Kule.
JauNisar Khan Uzeez Meea JubbarMeeaMeeancli
4. Bhaiool
6.
/J.Tflrt to
1792
Kurnool Dynasty.
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX (Rrfcncd
Engagement
is
H.
Letter CXIV.)
to at
enteredinto
He
bdii
bt/
the Sultan
Mtlf.r Sadik/'^
:'"
In the name of the most merciful God,
May God Mcer Mahommcd
I,
preserve our gracious Sovereign
Sadik, Son of
Shear, do swear by God, and engage
Mter
Ali
Nuky,
servant of the
which engagement God and
(to
Khoddddd
his Prophet,
Imdm of true-believers, are witnesses) to perform my my Lord and Master faithfully, with all my hcart.'^ and with my four members " that is to say, with my eyes, my ears, my tongue, and my hands that I will study nothing but obedience to my Lord and Master, and never act, And [I moreover in any instance, contrary to my duty or to his interests. and the word of God, which
is
the
duty to
:^''
;
promise] to communicate whatever If,
however, (which
any of the four
God
obligations'''
may God, the most holy and whelm me and mine with his
forbid!)
forbidden eight things I
will
:
hear or see to the resplendent Presence.
should happen to be guilty of a breach of
I
[above mentioned], or of the obedience which
omnipotent, and whose name
is
I
owe,
the Avenger, over-
wrath, and utterly destroy us!
According to the prohibitions
faith
I shall
in
the holy
word of God,
those [eight] crimes, by
the
Almighty has
the blessing of the confession of
reprobate and put from me, even as
[I
would] the
devil.
I will,
moreover, in comformity with the holy word, not only zealously discharge duty, on
occasions, to
all
liis
Majesty,
my
possession
for
Lord and Master, but
my
also labor to
])romote (1)
The
original
document
is
in
my
;
which,
as well as for
translationj
llie
I
am
indebted to Colonel Ogg. (2) This (3)
is
meant of God, who
Original
(4) Original (5)
is
sometimes so
called.
Jjiji-J'j\'
^^ ^.^ j\^ j\
After the hands, Ihe original has
llie
words
Jjj "and my
heart," whicli
I
think arc meant to
connect with what follows. (6)
Meaning what
wards enumerated.
his c^-cs, ears, tongue,
and hands, are bound
to
perform, and
all
which are
after-
APPENDIX.
Ixir
promote
atid
accustomed to] repeat the confession of
[are
If (wliich
my
maintain the concord and union of the people of Isldm, or those
God
knowledge,
among
forbid will
I
any
!)
I
the people of Isldin
for
;
am descended, on both
abovementioncd,
sins,
my
inider the aforesaid
I declare,
is
the son of rejection.
the Kliodddud Sircar, your slave
"
ing the servant of the Sircar (the centre of bounty) possessed in jmWj.', &c. about three thousand is
arms,
and
clothes,
effects,
sent for
I
from his Lord and
Master, including profit
and
amounts,
about 1,08,200 nipees
out of which
in all, to
:
my
family,
service, swears
that
!)
of brass, jewels,
vessels
After becom-
who
Since that time your slave,
rM/)ee.y.
your Majesty's
life*' in
book of God (witness God, and the Prophet of God cattle,
am
the time of his becoming a servant of
at
was possessed of three pagodas.
always ready to sacrifice his
and
religion,
solemn sanctions, that except the wealth of
Royal Master, the Shadow of God,
who
to
and through three generations, from nobles
sides,
and Siyuih of the tribe of Koreish, and of the Mahommedan true and fiiiihful both in tongue and hand.
And
come
unworthy person, committing the same, from the most glorious and high God has declared, that
drive the
whosoever commits one of the eight
And
faith.
forbidden by the holy word, should
act,
who
all
by the
he has acquired
money, and
in
presents,
original property, as above stated,
sum he expended, during
the three years that he laboured under your Majesty's displeasure, and confined
own
himself to his
house,
There consequently remain
about 13,000 rupees.
9i,200 rupees, as detailed in the subjoined statement. I
swear by the book of God, and by the words'" of the Prophet, that your represents
slave
his
true
situation
embezzled any of the Sircars
;
but
Mdtusuddy, Amulddr, or Serishteddr, or the Sircar,
God)
for
lot
he should
if
j)roperty, or to to
made
therein
;
and
if
taken bribes from
have
full
of splendor (the
your stave
shall
severe punishment be inflicted on the unfaithful offender
be rolled up in a mat, and burnt, and
to]
have
any Asof,
have done injury to any inhabitant of
orders be issued from the Presence
enquiry to be
[be suspected
let his
but though your sacred Majesty should forgive,
[/.
Shadow of
be found guilty, e.
on me].
let a
Let him
dwelling and family be destroyed
God
will surely
;
punish that wicked
doer.
From (7) Original (8) Original
j'j iC'^
,li)
^'.=-
" born
in the
house."
jdnnisar (life-devoting, or life-sacrificing) an expression from which
have been inclined to derive the Turkish term janissary, thority,
(9)
been assigned lo
if
it.
Probably the Hudtes, or traditions, are here meant.
a different
I
siiould
etymology had not, on good au-
A From
ND
I
ixv
X.
the beginning of his service, your slave has not given a farthing to any of
relations
liis
r p n
;
and
your
in
marriage ceremonies have seldom exceeded
slave's house,
no time one thousand rupees. Your slave's pay was twelve hundred rupees per month in lieu of half of which your Majesty graciously Of this, whatever 1 have conferred upon him a Jdgeer of three thousand pagodas. spent, I have spent laid, together with my life and the remainder is ready to be five
and twenty
I'tipees,
and
at
:
:
humble
heart, an
your sacred and august
sacrifice at
All former crimes of this devoted slave,
my
feet.
Lord and Master
royal
abundant generosity, favour, and protection, forgiven
his
but
:
if,
has, through hereafter,
I
should receive any bribes, or commit any [other] misdemeanor in the [manage-
ment of
the] country of the
on me.
And
I will
of,
God, and the Prophet of God, be obnoxious
my
As
to the
my
or deficient
with heart, soul, and fide-
station, in,
arc witnesses:
to the four
and
And
I
will not authorize,
knowledge, do any thing prejudicial to the
I will
not wink
as follows
is
by any if
shall
I
sign
:
made by
my
any one should, to
and property of the Sircar,
affairs
thereat, but will forbid the same,
engagement
the specification of
above-mentioned members,
duty of the eyes.
this
act contrary thereto,
if I
any embezzlement of the property of the Sircar: and
eyes,
To
the same.
wrath of the throne of vengeance.
duties, according
1st.
my
to the
Sircar, the aforesaid oath will be binding
perform the duties of
and never be neglectful
lity;
Khoddddd
and report
it
to the
exalted
Presence. 2d.
As
duty of the
to the
If
ears.
any person should
utter expressions of a
treasonable nature, or prejudicial to the wealth or affairs of the act seditiously,
and the same should come to
my hearing,
but will forbid and punish the offence, and also report
That
3d. As to the duty of the tongue.
due management
and
in
motion
it :
(/.
4th.
e.
As
interest, glory,
my
nor shall
the Presence,
Khoddddd Sircar, or
will not
remain
silent,
to the exalted Presence.
to say, in all matters relating to the
now or hereafter, your Majesty may be con-
of the affairs of the Khodddiid Sircar, whether
which the
cerned,
is
it
I
full
and prosperity of
tongue) shall be ever actively employed, as long as
it fail,
at
any
time, to
all
retains
necessary communications to
of splendor.
to the duty of the hands.
Lord and Master
make
it
I will kill
That
with sword and
is
to say, the enemies of
pen,''"'
and most certainly
neglect any opportunity of destroying his enemies with sword and
moreover, communicate
all
my will
])en.
royal
never I will,
such transactions to the resjjlendent Presence, in
own
i
(10) If the SuUan's
of
bis
master had
Dewdn
hilt little
my
could write no better than he did upon the present occasion, the enemies
reason to dread
llie
threatened execution of his pen.
Nothing can possibly
be worse writtcu than the original of this curiouii document, which abounds, also, in false spelling.
APPENDIX.
Ixvi
own hand-writing and I will, likewise, write out own hand. I will, in fine, in all affairs, be loyal ;
all
abstract accounts with
with
my
my
members, and
four
omit or neglect nothing which can be accomplished by them.
Particulars [or Inventort/] of the above-mentioned
sum of one
lack eight tliousand
two hundred rupees.
Deduct expended during
my
and
disgrace
retirement
to
my own
house
Rupees
1
Remains yiz. In jewels, being presents graciously bestowed
5,000
93,200
by the Khoddddd
Sircar,
about
Rupees 20,000
Furniture of the Ashoor-hhdneh,^''^ carpets, lamps, &c, about
5,000
Jewels and pearls of your majestj^'s female
3,000
slaves,""'
about
Gold ornaments (weight 2,000 pagodas), value
8,000
Silver plate, 4,000 7'upees' weight, value
3,500
Copper and
2,000
brass vessels, &c. about
Arms, one hundred and firelocks
Tents, and
your
:
slave's
new wearing
fifteen articles,
own
viz. for
Bdrgeers, one hundred
arms [as swords, pistols, &c.] fifteen
Horses, camels, cattle for the plough, sheep, &.c
Ready money
:
value.
apparel (exclusive of old clothes) about
in specie, about
articles
2,000 4,000
30,000
.•
15,200
Price of timber in store
N. B. The foregoing
.
500 have been
set
down
about twelve rupees above
at
their real value. '"
Written on Wednesday, the tenth of the month Hydery, year Shiiddl,
from the birth of
(U) That (12)
is,
the
Meaning
his
Mahommcd,
in the hand-writing of
Meer
Imam-lareh erected during the Ashoorah.
own women.
(13) Meaning, probably, (14) Corresponding to the
for the sake of preserving
month of July 179S.
round numberi.
Sadik.
1226'^^
A
1'
rEN
D
I
APPENDIX, (Referred
to at
Extracts from It
is
proper
with which imperfect chapters,
I
for
my
render
Futhul
the
though the work
is
stated
Mu jahideen.
in
some
disorder.
The and
3Iujdh}deeH,
unfortunately extremely
is
in the beginning to consist of eight
manuscript contains only three
therefore, less complete
is,
Letter CXXXVII.)
should here premise, that the copy of the Futhxll
and even these are formance
I.
have been favoured by Colonel Marriot,
I
;
Ixvii
X.
(viz. the
third,
fourth,
and
fifth),
following abstract of this curious per-
wished to
satisfactory tlian I could have
it.
The work commences are followed
God and
with the usual invocations to
the Prophet, which
by a high-flown eulogium on Tippoo Sultan, in which last, however, Next comes a long and bitter invective, apparently levelled
nothing new occurs. at
Europeans
in general,
but evidently intended to apply more immediately to the
English, whose various possessions in the Carnatic, in Bengal, and on the west side of the Peninsula, are particularly noticed
and stigmatised,
as the acquisitions
either of fraud or of violence.
The
author then passes to some slight observations on the military tactics of the
Eurojieans
mentioning, more especially, their early superiority in point of
;
lery, together
with their dexterity in the use of small arms
;
artil-
and contrasting these
acquirements with the extreme ignorance of the natives of India in those essential
branches of war.
But whatever advantages the respects, they could,
it
is
Christians might, at
among them who were opposed have improved so the art at
an
Tippoo Sultan greatly on the European tactics,
infinite distance
nance department, that he stance the
" pass
all
is
to
behind him.
I ^
I
more remarkable, according
But
how
it
:
;
at least
since the latter
as to
have
all,
by those stated
to
masters in in the ord:
a circum
the Nazarcnes
fire."'"'
2
thii allution applies to the
is
left his
was, most of
to our author, " because
their lives, like the salamander, in the
do not understand
have possessed in these
pretended to have surpassed his rivals
i
(
first,
observed, be no longer boasted of
The Nazarenes, or Christian*.
t
APPENDIX.
Ixvill
order for the compilation of the present work/''' which was expressly de-
The
signed " for the instruction of true bcHevcrs in general in the art of war, to the
" end that they might thereby be enabled more effectually to subdue the enemies " of the faith," appears to have been issued in the year of the Higera 1 197, (A.D. ''
1780), and was, probably,
among
the earliest measures of the
reign.
«S'«/^a«'j>"
It
not stated by the writer, what assistance he received in the composition of
is
but it,
may
it
be safely presumed, from the characteristic style of various passages in
Tippoo himself contributed
that
though
it;
it is
largely to
M.
not acknowledged, that
party in his service, had some share in
The work appears The copy sections.
it.
Neither
Lally, the
my
perhaps, unlikely,
European
of the
production.
its
and each chapter into several
to be divided into eight chapters, in
is it,
commander
possession being, however, as already stated, imperfect,
and not containing either the two
or the three last chapters,
first,'''-'
I
can only
describe the general contents of those before me.
The
body of regular infantry on actual service, and is divided into twenty-one sections. The eleventh and fourteenth sections describe the mode of fighting in a close or woody country, and form the particular part of the work, with his inattention to which the author is third chapter treats of the various manoeuvres of a
reproached by the Sultan, in Letter
The two
CXXXVII.
sections referred to are very short, both together not exceeding sixteen
lines.
Being, however, expressed in technical language, some parts of which
do not
clearly understand,'^' I decline attempting a regular translation of them,
should do injustice to the original.
lest I
supposed to be advancing by Indian
which
situation
it
is
on each
assailed,
of
files,
may suffice to say, that a corps two men abreast, through a wood,
It
flank,
by the enemy.
In
I
is
in
this case, the
troops in question, having been previously formed into platoons, the rear platoon, after facing to
advance
hand
to the
the
files
the right and
left
outward, and giving
head of the corps, the right hand
left,
of the platoons in their front.
successively to advance,
till
files
fire,
was to
and
divide,
taking the right, and the
left
In this manner was each platoon
the enemy was dispersed, or the wood was passed.
The (2) It has been elsewhere
Shoostry.
(See LeUer
roenlioneJ, that the compiler of this
(3) Colonel Marriott's copy of the
work must be
From
a passage in the Introduction, I
think
later edition than the original one, as it refers,
ai
a certain occasion, to the battle fought near Kopul, in (4)
it
A.H. 1200, with likely
ctiapters, treated of the obligations of true believers to
(5)
Thus
evolutions.
the terms
work was Zynul Aabideen KhSn
CXXXVII.)
,jUX^
(galaxy) and
bj
that one,
wage war
on
the Mahrattahs. at
least,
of these two missing
against the infidels.
(Pleiades) are applied,
I
do not
know how,
to different
A The
third chapter
r p E
ND
T
Ixix
X.
introduced by some ^ncral observations on the ditTerent
is
modes of attack in the course of which, notwithstanding all that has been elsewhere said against it by the Saltan himself, the Sit it h-khoon, or ni<^ht-assault, is ;
declared to be the hesf,
when he
is
when
enemy
the situation of the
favourable to
is
cncamjjed on a plain, or in an open country.
it
;
tiiat is,
Particular directions are
accordingly given for conducting this species of attack. It
in the
is
same
back out of his ludclr turn his
place directed, that
station,
he
shall
the hour of battle, any soldier
in
if,
be instantly put
to death
and that
;
if
any
fall
7?/.v^-
back to the enemy, he shall be put to death, b^ his Sipahddrs own
hand.
Any Sipahddr
disobeying the orders herein given, or abandoning his guns to the
enemy, or seeking
hung
On
in public.
advanced
When
his safety in
in [rank
the other hand,
by the Risdladdr
station
he was to be
he distinguished himself,
killed in action, or died,
in
command
of the
first
he was
to be succeeded in his
The
Risdhi.
first
llisdladdr was
by the second the second by the third and the third by the The latter was to be succeeded by the first Joivkddr of the senior
to be succeeded
fourth."'
if
on due proof of the same, to be
and] Jdgeer, and to have an elephant bestowed on him.
Sipahddr was
a
was,
flight,
;
;
Pisdh. All soldiers and others were strictly to obey their respective Sipahddrs and
lUsdladdrs, on i)ain of being punished,
at
the discretion of the said superior
officers.
In the introductory part of the third chapter, the autlior likewise describes the
manner of attacking the Nazarenes be of infallible success;
{i. e.
the English) in a plain.
It
By
stated
to
and triumphant allusions arc made, on the occasion, to
the actions with Colonels Baillie and Braithwaite, during the
Hyder
is
last
irruption of
into the Carnatic.
the twelfth section of this cliapter,
" on charging with the bayonet," the
the commanding officer was directed to exclaim, at the moment of charging, " 5m /
being
t/uit in
The
which the assailant suffers least and the enemy most.
nineteenth section (which
is
a very long one^ treats of the performance of
the (6)
Though
not stated in Ibis
Sipnhddr was to be
lo tlie
its
proper place,
il is
elsewhere mentioned,
rank of Sipah-idtdr, or commander
(as
it
is
that
the promotion of a
explained) of two or three
Kushoons. (")
It
would appear by
this
passage, that a Kushoon coniisied, at this time, as well as in 1793, of
four battalions, here called Iliidlas,
but,
at the latter period,
Ttdi or
T^eps.
See Appendix L.
APPENDIX.
IXX the manual
by
exercise
" in
author,
its
made with the sword and drum, instead mode consists, according
signals
The
word of command.
chief advantage of this
of the to
our
binding the mind, hands, eyes, and ears of the soldiers, to their
" commanding officer ;" that is to say, in its obliging them to attend carefully to him: " by which means," it is observed, " they learn the exercise much •' sooner than by the other method."
The
fourth chapter
is
which describe the duties
divided into eighteen sections,
of the variousranks of the army. I.
The Sipahddr was
1
to
1 uzukddr,
or
common
promote such
all
soldier:
those under him,
Other
when
inclusive,
guilty of
any
offence,
were
and
A
to
him
to
a faithful report of
Jowhddr, or captain,
be brought to
to
the decision of the assembly on the case.
before all the
trial
be dealt with according to
Risdladdr, on being convicted of
was to be deprived, in the presence of
oflfence,
misbehaved, and
as
make
to the
officers,
officers of the Risdla to which they belonged,
any
to inspect
If a Risdladdr appeared to
or the contrary, the Sipahddr was to
the circumstance to the Sultan.
was
from the Risdladdr to the
and remove such
to punish
as merited advancement.*
deserve promotion,
He
understand writing and accounts.
narrowly into the conduct of
to
The Sipahddr.
all
the officers of
his corps,
of his sword, which was to be lodged in the guard [room] of the corps, and the
circumstances of the case to be reported to the Presence. 2. It
was likewise the duty of the Sipahddr,
in conjunction with the
Buhhshy and
MHVi«M
men,
firelocks,
and accoutrements, belonging thereto.
inspect into the state of their clothing,
He
was
also, personally, to
and other necessaries
;
and, conjointly
with the Buhhshy and Miitusuddies, to make a report of the same to the Sultan. 3.
He
was to pay particular attention to the
state
of the ordnance branch, as
well as that of the firelocks of his Kushoon, and to take care that
and warlike apparatus and 4.
A
men, 5.
were kept
in
good order, and ready
the necessary for service.
tuluh weight of oil was, every fifteen days, to be served out to the private
for the purpcjse of
When
parade,
stores
all
enabling them to keep their arms in good condition.
the Kushoon had a
field
day, the Sipahddr himself was to attend the
and give the word of command.
He
was constantly
to exert himself to
perfect (8)
I
take
command
llie
meaning of
this passage to be,
for promotion, or otherwise,
to throw considerable doubt
delegated to him.
on the
fact
that the
Sipahddr was to recommend those under hi»
according to his opinion of their merits. of his having actually possessed
Many
things concur
the powers here apparently
APPENDIX. men
perfect his
might appear 6.
service,
any material
any deficiency which
;
and,
in the
to consult his
instance, to state his
first
from him,
In tlie event of their differing
case.
he was
difficulty occurred,
opinion of each in writing, and to act according to
The
for
in his corps in this respect.
Rlsdladdrs on the occasion
on the
and was to be responsible
in their excercisc,
on actual
If,
Ixxi
tJie
own
opinion,
he was to require the
general
will.
moved backward and forward, but to remain on a march constantly under the immediate eye of the Sipahddr, and When the corps took up its in charge of a guard belonging to the first Risdla. 7-
ground
standard of the Sircar was not to be
after a
march, the standard was
be erected in the most secure part of
to
the encampment.
He
8.
was
to take care, that the troops
under his command encamped
in regular
order, and that the proper guards were placed and relieved every twenty-four hours.
He
9.
was to give the guns, tumbrils, and ammunition
Kmhoon,
in
particular charge to the Risdladdrs,
who were
thing appertaining thereto was in constant readiness for the articles
them,
in
in
question should be wanting, or
the
Sipahddr,
Risdladdrs were
said
who was
if
stores,
belonging to his
to take care that every
If
ser^'ice.
any
repairs of
there should be any other deficiency
immediately to report the same to their
to give directions for
supplying what was necessary, and for
the execution of the requisite repairs.
The guns and tumbrils were, on a march and in action, to be When the corps was encamped, they the Sipahddr s own Risdla}"
10.
to
manner, to be stationed, the guns
like
in front,
and the tumbrils
attached were, in
in the rear of his
Risilla. 1
1
The Sipahddr was
.
recommend
to
to the
Presence a person properly quali-
fied (and particularly in point of reading and writing) to
(or
Head) Vtisdhchy
The duty
(or brigade-major).
fill
the oflice of Sur
of this officer will be described
in the proper place. II.
To
each Kus}too7i was attached a Buhlishy and two Jldiu-suddies, one of
(generally called a
Mirzdcy Dujtur)
and the other in Hindooy. 1.
The Buhhshy and Milfusuddies.
To
muster the
'"
whom
kept his books and accounts in Persian,
Their duties were:
A'm.v/(oo«
on the twenty-seventh day of every month,
in
the
presence (9)
It
Kushoon (10)
would nppear, by
if I
have rightly understood
(probably that elsewhere called llie first)
'J'he
Mirzacy Duftur was
nothing more than applied.
this passage,
a
.nlways a
Musulman.
paymaster or commissary.
See Appendix L.
was
At
norainaliy
it,
that
one of the Risalas of the
commanded by
the Sipahddr.
Tlic liukluhy seems, at this time, to have been a subse
wa»
djllerently
APPENDIX.
Ixxii
whom
presence of the Sipahddr, to report of every
To
2.
thmg
take a separate muster of the Kushoon every two months in their
To make
on the
out,
:
was
to
Kuchurry: and there
to
to receive the
:
was
also the
Hdzoor Kuchurry, been
(or first
amount thereof from the
pay the same, in the presence of their Sipahddr, to
own
the troops, delivering each man's pay into his 4. It
account
faithful
same on the following day
to deliver in the
of every month) to the Huzoor Kuchurry
own
be attended by the Sipahddr.
day of every month, a just and
last
of the pay due to the Kushoon
said
full
relating to the corps.
Kuchiirrif; which muster, however, 3.
they were, at the same tune, to make a
hands.
duty of these
officers to return, at
the pay of
such
all
men
as
"'
the end of
had been drawn
the
five days, to for,
but had not
claimed (owing to the absence or neglect of the party entitled thereto) within
the specified period. 5.
Any
III.
failure in these duties
The Sur-Yusdhchy
The duty
(or
was
be punished by removal from
to
office.
Brigade Major) and the Yusdkchies (or Adjutants).
of the former of these officers was to visit daily, but at no fixed hour,
each Risdla of the Kushoon, and to enquire of the adjutants (Yusdkchies) and
Having
Risdladdrs of the different Risdlas, into the state of their respective corps.
committed
all
the accounts, thus obtained, to writing, he was to wait upon his
Sipahddr, and, sitting down, to communicate the same to him.
make
attend the Presence, where he was to
was required
a similar report
same
The
sit
Yusdkchy,
several Adjutants
1st.
were
Risdladdrs of his Kushoon,
men stood
It
to
The
on Sipahddr and of the Hdzoor
their reports standing
;
but,
accompany the Brigade-Major, when he
was, furthermore, the duty of the Sur, or
convey daily the
to
make
in the presence of their
attended the Sultan with his report. liead
and, after that, he
details, for the information of that office.
Ytisdkchies, or adjutants of Risdlas, were to
Kttchurry.'-'''
was then to
the Jijslie Kuchurry of the Presence, and there also
to repair to
sitting down, to furnish the
other occasions, might
:
He
sign,
or parole, to the Sipahddr and
2d. to attend parades and field days, and see that the
properly to their arms, and went through their exercise correctly, setting
those right
who might
hapjien to be wrong.
He
orders from the Sipahddr to the difl'ereat Risdladdrs
was, .3dly, the channel of
all
andJowkddrs of the Kushnnji; and,
(11) Original
ui^-Jo
^Ji-^-^
supposed, that the Kushnon (12) That
is,
is
that
is,
stationed at
"from hand tliK
.s.ii-..f
the Kuchurry of the Presence.
to
hand," or
"man
place with the Sutlan,
by man."
It
seems here
APPENDIX. and, on service acted as an aid-de-camp
to the
Ixxiii
former.
merited advancement, he was to be made a t/b«A-^/;
hand, he was to be degraded,
was
it
to be to
'*-
a Viisdkchy'-"^
and when, on the
rank of Surhhccl.
tlie
'*
otlier
and
5th,
the Yiisdhchy (or adjutant) was to go round the quarters of the Risdlas at
lastly,
unexpected times, and examining closely into the at tlie established orderly hours, to
Slpnhddr, to his Risdladdr,
doing which he was
and
make
men and
state of the
arms, was,
his report of the same, standing, to his
Hdzoor Kuchurry
to the
of the Jyshe
:
after
at liberty to seat himself.
W. 1
When
4th.
Tlie Risdladdr was, at
all
The
Risdladdr,^''^
events, to
be able to read and write
selection of persons for that station, a preference
was
be given
to
men
to
but in the
:
of approved
courage and prudence, and conversant in accounts. 2.
During
six
days of the week, he was to consider himself as on constant
He
duty, and to appear accoutred accordingly. their exercise at the stated times.
He
was to put his Risdla through
was himself,
conduct of those under him, and not to
also,
trust, in this
to look closely into the
matter, to the
Having formed
dations or complaints of the other officers.
the merits and demerits of every one, he was to
make
his
recommen-
own judgment of
his report accordingly to his
Sipahddr, in order that the due rewards might be distributed, and the necessary
punishments 3.
When
inflicted.
the punishment, or removal, of any one
(^. e.
any
officer)
appeared
necessary to him, he was to assemble
all the officers of the Risdla together, and examine strictly and impartially into the imputed charge after direct them to which he was to report the result to the Sipahddr, who was to act accordingly, :
There was to be no exercise on a Thursday, that day being inspection of arms and necessaries. 4.
5.
A
Risdladdr,
On
Sipahddr.
be reduced
when
became necessary of a Jowkddr. if it
to degrade him,
he was to
k (13)
It is
an
deserving of promotion, was to be raised to the rank of
the other hand,
to the station
set apart for
nol clear whether the Sur-ywdicAy or the
V. The Yusakchy (adjutant) be here meant.
Perhap*
both were intended. (14) These ranks are explained, under articles 5 and 8. (15) This
is
the order in which this officer stands in the original
ceded the Yuiiikclnj.
MUaladdr.
The
;
but he certainly ought to have pre-
appellation of Tecbddr was, at a subsequent period, substituted for that of
See Appendix L.
APPENDIX.
Ixxiv
The JowMdr.''"^
V.
He
commaiuled a Jowk
company)
(or
consisting, according to the original, of
fifteen
Vuzuhs, which, fi-om other passages,
men
a Vuzuli appearing to have been
;
I
conclude to be equivalent to ninety
composed of
six
rank and
His rank
file.
corresponded with that of the Soubaddr'^'^ of our Sepoi/ corps, and his duties
were
as follows
1.
He
2.
When
was
:
allowed to attend to their
He
two hours
men were
constantly at their
which they were
in the twenty-four, during
concerns. officers
under him
deserving of punishment or removal, and to
who were
;
to
recommend
merited advancement,
as
He
4.
own
every fifteen days.
was to report to his Rlsdladdr the conduct of the
point out those
such
in
on guard, he was to take care that his
post, with the exception of
3.
company once
to take a sun^ey of his
was to appoint a Jumaaddr of the
who was
fi^eek, or bell-tents,'"'
to have
the immediate superintendance of the arms and accoutrements of the company, which
he was carefully to inspect [from time to time], and to keep in proper condition. 5. Whatever part of his company might be on guard, or on other duty, he was to visit the same once in twenty-four hours, and to see that the centinels and others were
and
alert
vigilant.
6. In case of being guilty of
from him, and lodged
in the [quarter] guard,
him should be duly enquired the orders of the 67rcar.
A
into
till
his
sword was to be taken
such time as the charge against
nor was the same to be restored to him without
:
"'
JuwkJdr, when sentenced
and when promoted,
any neglect of duty,
^vas to
be
to
be degraded, was to be reduced
to a
Surkheel
raised to the rank of a Hisdluddr,
VI. The SurkheeU'"^ This
officer
would appear
to
have answered, in point of rank, to the Jumaaddr
He
of our native corps in India.
was
subject, however, to corporal
punishment,
which (16) This officer was afterwards called Yoozddr. (17)
It
would not be easy
signifies the
or
to
account satisfactorily for the
governor or viceroy of a province.
body of men)
is
See Appendix L.
sufficiently ajjpropriate.
name
That of Joivkddr
By Yoozdar,
given to ihis officer, which properly (the keeper or
too, the Sullan,
commander of
no doubt, meant
a troop
to intimate
that his soldiers resembled panthers.
(18) Original
were lodged. (19)
It
*js!
(or nujm)
The men
appears by
this,
Sipahdar, he, in
in the
in
which appears
to
have been a tent, in which the arms of the company
charge of these tents were called Nujm-uulehs. as well as
by other passages,
fact, possessed
very
little.
Thus he could not
arrest.
(20)
Which means, "
the head of a troop or
power
ostensibly vested
release an officer
under him from
that notwithstanding the
body of men,"
APPENDIX, which the Jumaaddr of
Sepoi/s
men was on duty from
four
day, and as often chn-ing the
he
If
failed iu
his Joivk,
and
nigiit,
own, he was
his
When
not.
is
was
lie
made
to be
seems
corps.
and
to visit
men
to see that the
did their duty propiTly.
On
tlie
other hand,
to
he
deserving of
The Jumaaddr J"'^
have answered, in most respects, with the Havilddr of our Sepoy
to
he neglected his duty, he was to be reduced to
If
when
and
a Joivkddr.
\'JI.
He
amount of twentythe same twice during the
a guard to the
to receive fifty strokes of a cane,^""
reduced to the rank of a Jumaaddr.
promotion,
he was
Ixxv
two hundred and
to receive
fifty strokes
tlie
of a cane.
*"'
rank of Dufaudur,
When
deserving of
promotion, he was to be raised to the station of Surkheel. VIII.
He may
The Dufaaddr.''*^
be compared with the Naig of the British native infantry of India.
If he neglected relieving the centinels regularly every two hours, he was to be
punished with two hundred strokes of a cane, and to be reduced to the ranks.
was
when he
his duty,
It
placed sentries, to take proper notice of the nature of the
ground, where they were posted, and particularly of the difTcrent avenues leading to
to the
it,
loss
how
end
to proceed.''*' If
dred and
he omitted
to the orders of his
Jinnaaddr
and to be reduced
strokes,
at a
he was to receive one hun-
this precaution,
and to be broke.
strokes of a cane,
fifty
any alarm or disturbance, he might not be
that, in case of
He
was to pay
obedience
strict
and, failing herein, he was to receive a hundred
;
the ranks.
to
When
meriting promotion, he was to
be made a Jumaaddr.
IX. The Vuzuhddrs.
The word
(yuzuli) properly signifies a guard
cJj,
:
it is
also apj)licd,
Sultan's regulations, to a centincl's post, as well as to a specific
that
is,
as I suppose, six
rank and
in
number of men strictly mean
The word Yuzukddr would
file.
k 2 (21) Original 01)
'-rV^
literally,
"
;
a
centinel
strokes of a stick," but
it is
probable that a
bamboo was used
these occasions.
(22)
That
is,
(23) There is
^Jp-
Tippoo
no reason
is,
why
"
the keeper, or
probably, the
commander, of an assemblage of men."
some mistake
Jumaaddr
in
the
number of
strokes mentioned in this place
;
since thtfr«
should have been more severely punished than his inferior officer, the
Dufaadar. (24) Meaning, perhaps, (25) tion of
The it
original
I could.
is
"
the
commander of
repellers."
not, in this place, perfectly intelligible to me.
1
have given the best interpreta-
APPENDIX.
IxXVi centinel
but
;
rank and If the
if
with
appears to have been likewise used to denote a private soldier, or general.
he was
to receive a
any thing under five
down, or neglected to move about, while posted
sat
}'i(zi(?;(ldr
centinel,
or
it
file in
hundred
hundred strokes of a cane.
his charge
He
strokes.
was
If he was found sleeping,
stolen during his guard,
was to render
strict
made
The
When
;
judged deserving
a Diifaaddr.
manner of mounting and
following sections treat of the
five
he was to be punished
obedience to the Diifaaddr
and, failing herein, he was to receive a hundred strokes. of promotion, he was to be
a
as
relieving
guards, and other ordinary details.
The
fifteenth section specifies the salutes to
army were is
entitled
for the first
On
different officers of the
this occasion, a
3Ieer Buhhshy
time mentioned, and he appears to have taken precedence of the
Thus, when the Meer Buhhshy passed either the advanced or rear
Sipahddr. guard,
from guards and centries.
which the
Surhheel, at the head of four Vuzuks (or twentj^-four rank and
a
turn out and salute (or twelve rank
him
and
:
file)
file)
was to
whereas, to a Sipahddr, a Juniaaddr and two Vusuks only, were to turn out.
Neither of them was to be
upon coming on parade. The Risdladdr was entitled to no more than presented arms from sentinels. No oflicer whatsoever was to be saluted after sun-
saluted
set
:
nor were the superior ranks, above-mentioned, to receive the specified com-
jjliments, if they appeared without their gorgets (puduTis).
The officers
sixteenth section relates to the furloughs to be granted to the
when
in quarters.
The
men and
furlough was not to exceed two months.
Deser-
tion, in time of peace, was to be punished with a thousand strokes of the cane
but in time of war, the culprit was to be shot, in front of the Risdla to which he
to
enemy, and was afterwards taken, he was running away in face of the enemy, was, on being
If a soldier deserted to the
belonged.
be hanged.
A
soldier
apprehended, to be punished as above (that
suppose, to be hung).
through any neglect of the Sipahddr, liisdladdrs, or Joivkddrs, the fugitive escaped, the punishment appointed for him teas to he inflicted on those officers. is,
I
If
'•''^^
The
eighteenth section
ordnance were to be Tiilooey, A.
H.
the dift'erent occasions on which salutes of
specifies
fired.
The
anniversary of the
II65), and of his accession to the
Sultan!s
Musnud
A. H. 1197), were each to be celebrated by a salute of seems to have constituted the royal
salute.
The
birth-day
(14th
3d of Behdry, thirty-one guns, which (or the
several Eeds, or holy festivals,
were (26) It
f robably
is
hardly credible, that this rigorous regulation was meant to be actually enforced.
made
only in terrorem.
It
was
A were honoured
E»
u
X.
I
Ixxvii
on any victory obtained by the Siiltcm
number
also the
in person.
chapter treats chiefly of the different estabhshments of the army; and
fifth
the
i>
no more than twenty-one guns, which was
witli
appointed to be fired
The among
r
of
rest,
tlie
L'skur (or regular) cavalry, and the artillery branches
for
:
both of which various rules and manoeuvres, of no particular interest, are given. It
introduced by some regulations regarding promotion, which are
is
than a repetition of what
however, on this subject, which deserves to be noticed. to this effect '•'
it is
:
There
stated in the fourth chapter.
is
" whatever any person's reputation
It
is
more
little
one
is
'"*
article,
expressed in words
may
for gallantry or talents
not proper that he should be at once advanced to high station
:
it
be,
neces-
is
" sary that he should arrive thereat step by step. This difference may, however, " be made between men of superior endowments and those of ordinary merit " while the latter must be suffered to remain a long time in their respective "
stations, let the
" the I
former be advanced rapidly through the established ranks of
service."
reserve
what
Appendix L.
:
I
have to
the Futhul Uliijdh'tdeen
as in
only cursorily examined, or
I
offer
on the various establishments of the army
for the
because they are by no means so minutely or so clearly detailed in
some other documents of a
when
later
date,
which
I
had
the former part of the present work went to press,
should have been enabled to give a more satisfactory explanation of several
military terms occurring in the correspondence, than
the time
I
translated
it
was
in
my
power
do
to
at
tlie latter.
APPENDIX, (Referred
to at
K
Lettf.r CC).
Marine Regulations The Hiihn-ndmeh, in this
or ordinance, for the marine department, of which
place, to give an
abstract,
is
1
propose,
Mcer Viimms, denominated, but stating their number
addressed, generally, to the
without any specification of the persons so to be eleven.
The Meer Vumms,
(or
marine
lords, as the
board of admiralty, ordinarily resident
term
at the capital
may be ;
rendered) composed a
but, together
with
all
the
other (37)
army.
No account,
however,
is
given of the
number of
corps (of either description) composing the
APPENDIX
Ixxviii
other public boards, ambulatory, I believe, with the court/"
This department
in the month of Jaafuri/ of the year 1224 from the birth of MahomSeptember 1796), before vvhirh time the naval establishments of the
was instituted
med
(or in
state
appear to have been placed under the direction of the Mulihilt Tujdrs, or
board of commerce.
Next
rank to the 3Ieer T'umms were the Meer Buhrs, which
in
two of them being assigned
tined to serve afloat,
war
:
term
were destined to serve
said that they
at sea,
the sudden subversion of his throne, within conception.
may
It
in
officers des-
I
have
because, fortunately, perhaps, for
the Sultan's project, as detailed
the present article, for creating a great naval force, was nipped in the
in
is,
to a squadron of four ships of
they corresponded, therefore, with our admirals or commodores.
the security of the British possessions in India,
its
last
The Meer Buhrs, however, were
synonimous with the other.
fact,
less
bud by
than three years from the date of
possibly be thought, that, even if he had remained at
peace with the English, the resources of his country would have proved utterly inadequate to the formation and maintenance of so extensive a marine as was in his
contemplation
and
;
that, at all events,
opposed to Great-Britain, he could never
have become formidable as a maritime power.
Without stopping
to
examine the
grounds of the former supposition, and entirely admitting the justness of the latter, it
may
have been able as a
might
nevertheless be contended, that in proportion as the Sultan to realize his
alarming plan of a marine establishment, we should,
measure of necessary precaution, have been compelled to augment,
heavy
at a
expence, our naval force in India, for the purpose of duly watching his armaments,
and of keeping them
in constant check.
war of 1799. The ordinance which we are
This
evil,
was averted, by the
at least,
issue of the
" "
at
present considering sets out with anouncing,
war were thereby consigned to the care and superintendance whom it w as addressed." But it appears, from the sequel, that
that forty ships of
of those to
nothing more was meant by of the ships alluded in existence.
and,
when
They
finished,
structions, but with
to,
this,
than that the Jlleer
Yumms
soon as they should be built
as
;
to
which
it
be named agreeably to a
would be
to
have charge
for, as yet, they
were, however, to be constructed with
were
were
list
all
were not
possible dispatch
;
contained'*' in the in-
useless to trouble the reader.
The (1)
Some
of the
members of
tlils
board, as will be presently seen, were occasionally stationed at ihe
principal sea-pons, or dock-yards. {1)
According to
tl)e list
here referred
to,
there were to h.ive been forly-one instead of forty ships
the model, mentioned in the text, being, perhaps, included in the number.
Sultan luhhsh;
another Alilukhsh
among them. All the names " of," or " bestowed by."
;
a
l-hird,
One was
to
be called
Mnhommerl-luhhth, &c. but no Uydtr-lukhsh
ajipears
"
the gift
terminate with ihe word lukhJi, signifying, in composition,
APPENDIX. The
ships were formed
ir.to
Ixxix
,
three divisions, under the denomination of
Kuchw-
2. T\\-i Kuchurri/ 1. T\\e Kuchurry oi Jinndldbdd 77e,y, or departments, namely of IFdjiddbdd for Buscornje'\) ; and 3. The Kuchnrry of iVdjiddbdd (ov Saddshcto:
;
ghiir).
'rUc Ki(r/iuiTy of Jit/nd/dbdd {$omti\mes
cMed,
Kuchnrry of Kdridl
the
also,
12 ships
or M(iny;alure) was to consist of
Wdjlddbdd of
tint of
and that of Mdjiddhdd of
With
a view to expediting
the formation
embryo
of this
14
d?
14
d?
two IMeer
fleet,
I'umtns, assisted bv a M'lrzdcy Diiftur and a I\Idtusuddy, were to be established at
Ma}igulore, from whence they were to superintend the building of the vessels in-
Two
tended to be attached to the Jinndldbdd station.
Meer I'umms,
other
tosethcr
with a Mirzdey Duftitr and a Mutusuddy, were to be resident, in like manner, at Creek,' for the purpose of directing the construction and equip-
or near Mirjdii
ment
of the ships of the TVdjiddbdd and
Mdjiddbdd
The
divisions.
places
(cT
docks) to be fixed on for the building of the diiierent ships were to be near, but
not absolutely contiguous, to each other. ^^'
The
board of admiralty was furnished with the model of a ship of
a hon or tyger hLad
:
according to which model
be coppered
them were, moreover, render them complete in
of
and the utmost care was to be taken, to
;
having
the vessels allotted to the
all
The whole
different naval stations were to be built.
war,'"'
to ail
respects.
The
timber which might be required in
the construction of the vessels in
question, was to be cut down, under the direction of persons appointed for the
purpose, by the
Meer Yumms,
in the
where ship timber was usually
forests
procured (3)
This
is
the
name
given by Colonel Eealson as the synonyrae of W&jidaha.l.
am
I
ignorant of
:
its
situation.
(4)
Sometimes
ghuT; but (.5)
its
Original
The
doubtful.
CHJled Mirjec or Mcrjte.
distance
to import, that
from Buscoraje
i^^jjui sense
|_jU-
may be
iSjsT^
that
though the docks
1
It is situated
about ihirty-four miles S.
cannot ascertain, the
latter place not
E. of Sliudusheeo-
S.
appearing
in
our maps.
of ''>c right meaning of which I am extremely '•^..^f have given in the text but the words may also be understood
'-L^.^j'
which
I
:
for the three dilVerent divisions
were
to
be near each other, they were,
nevertheless, to be considered as entirely distinct and separate. (6) Original
"
a lion
c;-*-! »Ji^i(jL>^>j«35i- j\
^JjdJjJ^ j,J.jlj»-
mouth, has been giveu by the Piesence,
a miniature
model
in ivory or
wood, or
for a pattern or
a vessel constructed
on
tl.
literally,
model
;"
a small scale,
going to sea, and of scrying ai a model for the ships ordered to be
built.
"a
little
ship, wiiii
which may either mean, for the
double purpose of
APPENDIX.
IxXX procured
from whence
:
tiie respective
was to be
it
floatedj
according to the following
frigates,
On
I.
6 Line
the adjacent
rivers, to
dock-yards.
the ships to be built, twenty were
Of
by means of to
be hne of
battle,
and twenty large
detail.''-
Jmndldbdd
the
Station.
of battle Ships, viz.
3 of 72 guns each, and 3
The
The
72's
.
62
.
.
d?
.
were to mount 30 guns, twenty-four pounders 30 .... eighteen. ... d?
62's were to
6
.
.
.
.
twelve
d?
6
.
.
.
.
nine
d?
mount 24
guns, eighteen ....
d?
twelve
d?
24 .... 4
. .
10 ...
6
Frigates, of
46 guns each,
twenty-four.
.
.
.
six
.
d? d.^
viz.
20 guns, twelve pounders 20 ....
6
On
II.
.
.
.
.
nine. ...
d?
four ....
d?
the JVdjiddbdd Station.
7 Line of battle Ships, viz.
3 of 72 7 Frigates, of 46
]
d?. ...
.
.
.
,
,
^-^^-^-^''
4..62..d?.
as before.
III.
On
the
Mdjiddhdd Station.
7 Line of battle Ships, viz.
4 of 72 guns each 3 7 Frigates,
. .
.
.
62
.
.
d?
46
.
.
d?
.
.
as udore.
The (7)
Two years before
the date ot the present ordinance, or
the following ships to be built
;
at
Jumalabad,
grabs, of from twenty-five to thirty guns eighty-five guns, and seven grabs
twenty.
Possibly the alteration
JO me other
French adventurer.
as
;
and
above:
now made
six, at
some time
from eighty
in
1794, the Sultan had directed
to eighty-five guns,
and
six
(two masted)
Wajidalad and Mdjidabdd, each seven, from eighty
total
line of battle
in his original plan
ships,
twenty; grabs or small
may have been
to
frigates,
suggested by Ripaud, or
APPENDIX. The
establishment of officers to the foregoing
Vumms
11 JMeer
30 Meet- Buhrs,
Ixxxi fleet
was
to be as follows
(Pay to be according to their respective
:
qualifications.)
viz.
Stationed to ships (being two to every Fouj, or squadron, of four ships.). ... 20
At
the Presence, for instruction,
The
10
Meer Buhrs, were
(or twenty) of the
first class
150 Imaumies, or rupees, including an allowance
The Meer Buhrs
to receive a
monthly pay of
for a horse.''*
attending the Presence, for the purpose of instruction, were
to be paid according to their respective merits."'
The
land establishment of the Kuchurries was fixed as follows:'"" Rahities.or
Pagodas.
3 Mirzdey Dufturs, (including horse) each 3
Hindooy Writers
d?
20
d?
15
O O
12
O
d?
12
O
d?
3
3
Sherbashurns'"\ab\e to read and write) d?
10
o
3
O
2
O
3
O
d?
12 Gumdfistehs 1
.
Kdzy '"
2 Nukeebs
II Hdzirbdshies^"^ 1 1
Fanavts.
20
1
Furrdsh''^
1
Mushdlchif (or link-boy)
1
Sdrbdn, or Surwdn, in charge of two camels,
allot-
ted for the carriage of the stores or baggage of
the Kuchurry
The
establishment of officers to each ship of the line was fixed as follows:
4 Surddrs
(or officers),
denominated
first,
second, third, and fourth.
2 Teepddrs
1
i^K
(8) Original
i'vjk
Horse allowance
doubtful of understanding the term rightly,
and every where appears
officers,
(9)
It
to a naval officer
if
it
seems so strange a thing, that
I
should feel
did not occur frequently in stating the allowances of land
to bear the signification assigned to
it
in the text.
does not appear by what means these admirals were to be instructed in naval
tactics, or
other
duties, at Serini^apatam.
(10) There
is
a
want of
establishment detailed
distinctness in the statement
was intended
one FiirrJsh, one MushJlchy,
for
which follows here;
one Kuchurry only, or
for
for all three.
it is
doubtful whether the
As, however, one KJzy,
&c. could not have snfljccd for three A'acZ/urriw,
I
conclude that the esta-
blishment in question, as far, at least, as related to those employments, was that of a single A'ttcAurr^.
am
ignorant of the nature of these employments.
(11)
I
(12)
The Fwrrdsh
has charge of the
camp equipage and
carpets.
APPENDIX.
IxXXii 2 Teepddrs^"^
G Yoozddrs.^'*' Tlie inferior officers will be stated hereafter.
Of these, the first Surddr was The second officer,'"' with one
to
command
the whole.
and two Voozddrs under him, was to
Teepddr,
He
superintend the great guns, and gunners, belonging to the ship.
powder magazine, of the
over, to have the care of the
He
thing appertaining to the guns.
which he was to see served out
was
also to
was, more-
shot, and, in fine, of every
have charge of
tlie
provisions,
at stated times.
with one Teepddr and two Voozddrs under him, was to have
'I'he third officer,^"^
the direction of the marines and small arms, and whatever related to this branch of
the equipment.
To
in)plements, &c.
'"
The
were to be consigned
his charge, moreover,
the spare tools,
fourth ofiicer'"" was to have particular charge of the Khuldsies, or sailors,
and of the
belonging to the ship, as the smiths, carpenters, &c.
artificers
also his business to superintend the
the same duly distributed
ing and trimming the
among them.
charge of
all
;
The since
was
navigation of the ship appears to said, that the orders for hoist-
it is
He
&c. were to proceed from him.
sails,
It
cooking of the victuals of the crew, and to see
have been immediately entrusted to him
had likewise
the tools and implements in immediate use, which he was to keep in
good condition and
repair.
He
of the second officer, whatever
was
also, occasionally, to place
number of
sailors the latter
He
purpose of assisting in the managenient of the guns.
making up such articles at some future time,
penters and smiths in
were likely
to
occasion,"
continues the ordinance
"
all
or those kept in store for future use or consumption.^'")
be required,
strike the ship,"
require, for the
was to employ the car-
in their respective departments as
"
for the ship's use.
God
avert
was the business of the fourth
it
He
stantly repaired.
" ivhich
under the orders
might
!
a
officer to see the
was, finally, to superintend the pumps,
If,
on any
cannon shot should
&.c.
damage
in-
•"'
All (13) I
(14)
am
uncertain whether this word should be pronounced Teei: or TcepJar.
The namher of
from the subsequent
Yoo«dJrs has been inadvertently omitted
(15)
He
corresponded,
(16)
Or
second lieutenant.
(17) Orighial (18) Original
in the original
j
but
I
have supplied
it
detail.
j^yU
in point
C-'li
of
ranl<,
witli the first lieutenant
by which, perhaps,
^J>^^J ^J^:. Jh'^'^ ip^jjjj^j
tlie
of our ships of war.
general furniture or equipage of the ship
is
meatit.
'^'^'^
(19) Answering to our third lieutenant. (20) T!ie duties of the several officers belonging to the frigates, though not stated in the original,
be presumed to have been the same as those assigned to the officers of the line of battle ships.
may
APPENDIX^
Ixxxiii
All the foregoing officers were to be selected with care
were well descended on both quired, that they should
The
Sepoi/.s,
were to be employed.
was, moreover, re-
be able to read and write.
all
to the extent
of a single Imaumf
(or rupee)."
Detailed Establishment of each line of battle Ship.
I.
ships, each having
346 men of 1st
(1
all
denominations on board.
Musqueteers
:
Pagodas
Teepddr, pay 7 pagodas 8 fananis: sub-\ sistence calculated
Fanams
Pagodas
on 120 men, at l_/a/jam >
12
=
I9
8
)
each'^" 1
Shi/rbashurn
4
8
I
A'ufeer-nuwdz^''^
3
6
1
Shuhndey-nuwdz'-^^^
3
6
Monthly pay
of the staff
3
4 Yooz, each Vooz consisting of 30 men, 1
1
Voozddr, pay 4 pagodas 2 fanams
:
S viz.
subsistence 3
pagodas 6^ fanams, calculated on 29 men
7
8^-
SurHecl
4
8
4 Jnmaaddrs, \)ay 3 pagodas G fananis: snh--\'^^ sistcnce
Total 6,920
Teep of Ushur, of 124 men, or 4 Yooz.)
Staff I
It
as
or troops, serving on board, were, on no account, to be suffered to
trade, " not even
Twenty
sides,
and none but such
;
^
„
6 fananis, calculated on 6 men J
24 Privates, pay 3 pagodas 6
fanams each
^ti
4
One Yooz
115
8j
Four Yooz
463
3
Staff
31
8 Pagodas Fanam
Total pay of one Teep 1
(21)
The
it is
varied from half a
fanam
to
men
1
2
called in the original)
ami calculated npon the number of
officers, It
subsistence (or rusud, as
495
was an extra allowance granted
to
the
actually on the strength of their respective divisions.
two fanams per man.
This allowance operated as a stimulus
to the oHi-
cers to keep their corps as complete as possible.
(22) of
I
am
not clear whether
them may not have been
whether one loth these are meant for trumpeters of diflcrcnt kinds, or
a fifcr.
APPENDIX.
Ixxxiv
Pagodas Fanam
Brought forward
495
1
2d Gunners Teep of 79 men, or 2 Yooz of 39 men each, each to carry a musquet.) Teepddr, pay 9 pagodas 1§ fanam: subsistence on 78 men, at Pagodas Fanams 7 pagodas 8 fanains, calculated 9^ ^2 ^" » (1
1
1
fanam
2 Yooz, each 39 men, viz.
Yoozddr, pay
1
fanams
4 pagodas 4
4 pagodas 7 fanams,
calculated
:
subsistence
on 38 men,
1 fanam 2 SurkheeLs, pay 4 pagodas 8
at
9
If
9
^
17
o
H^
2
One J 002
151
5i
Two
oo;s
303
Teepddr. ...
16
1
4 Jumaaddrs, each 8
32
pay
fanams each pagodas 6 fanams\
3
subsistence 8
:
''^'
fanams, calculated on
men
>
p.
F.
4
4
J
Privates, at
3 pagodas 6 fanams each
Add
Total pay of
I
1
1
9f
Teep oi gunners
320
0^
3d Seamen Gangs, of 61 men.)
(2 Joivhs, or
JowMdr, pay
I
3 pagodas
60 men,
:
subsistence 3 pagodas,
6
^ fanam each subsistence 9 fanams pagodas : pay 3 6 Dufaaddrs, calculated on
at
O
23
each 54 Privates, from 21 to 30 yarta»w each, calculated
at
3 pagodas each
.
OneJoivk
Two
1
o2
O
19I
382
Joivks
Carried forward
(23)
the
It is
four obsen-able, that the Surkheel (or lieutenant) received only
Jumaadar
(or scrjeani),
and the
latter
fanams
1,197 a
9i
month more than
only eight fanams a month more than the privates.
APPENDIX
IXXXV Pagorltts.
Brought forward 4th Artificers
Head
1
pay 3 pagodas
carpenter,
:
d? smith, pay 3 pagodas
5 Carpenters
o
subsistence 6 /«««»«...
,
.
,
4
O
3
6
24
O
S
31 5th Officers of the Staff: First Sirddr (or officer),
"'
horse)
;
being Rdhifies,
or Cantarai pagodas
24
Second Sirddr, 6o rupees (no horse allowed)
18
o
Third
.
Fourth.
.
.
d? d?
.
.
.
50.
.
50.
.
.
6
pay 80 Imaumies, or rupees, of
fanams each (including
three
9|
subsistence 1
pay 3 pagodas each
i
1
3 Smiths
:
Fanams.
Pagodas. Fanams.
:
pagoda 1
ljl<)7
d?
(d?)
15
d?
(d?)
15
O O
135
O
15
O
Stuff:
3 Pilots, from 100 to 150 rupees each, calculated at
150 rupees
(or 45
pagodas)
2 Ddroghas, viz. 1
in
charge of the water, provisions, &c. of the ship
:
pay 72 pogodas. 1
in charge of tools,
pay
72
implements, and
articles in store:
pagodas
1
Physician and surgeon (in one)
1
Mirzdeif Dujtur, to keep the accounts of the ship,
and
also of the troops or
marines
9 O
II
242 Total monthly cxpence of a line of battle ship, while in port, including 34() persons of
Expence of twenty
all
denominations
1,471
line of battle ships
2.0,43
II.
(24) This
(now
is
^^ ()
Establishment
the order in which the pay and allowances of this class are stated in the original ordinance
before me), and which, though, according to our practice, out of place,
necessary to disturb.
I
have not thought
it
APPENDIX.
LxXXvi
Establlshnevt of each Frigate.
II.
Rren.
Twenty ships, each having 180 men, of all denominations, on 1st (l 1
Musqueteers
board. Total 3,6oo
:
Teep of Uikur, of 64 men)
Teepddr, pay 7 pagodas 8 fanams : subsistence 6 pagodas, calculated on 6o men, at 1 f'anam each.
viz, PagoJas. Fanams.
.13
8
Shurbashurn
4
8
1
Nufeer-nuwdz
3
6
1
Shahnaey-nuwdz
3
6
Staff: 1
25
The above Teep 1 1
being composed of 2 Vooz, of 30
men
each, viz
Yoozddr, pay 7 pagodas 8^ fanams Surhheel
4 Jumaaddrs, 4 pagodas ^fanams each
24 Privates, 3 pagodas 6 Jananis each
Owe Vooz
-
(l 1
^ofi^fl^ 1
5 /a/?flw.9, calculated
:
4
8
l6
8
86
4
8^
Vooz
-
231
6i
:
J 002 of 29 men,
Yoozddr, pay 4 pagodas 4 fanams
84
115
Two 2d Gunners
7
t;iz.)
subsistence 3 joa-
on 28 men,
at
lyofHam each
Surhheel, pay
3 Jumaaddrs, pay 3 pagodas 6 fanams
7
9
4
8
13
2
86
4
subsistence
:
fanams, or 4 pagodas 4 fanams each 24 Privates, at 3 pagodas 6 fanams each 8
112
3d Seamen (1 1
Jowhddr,
Jowh, or Gang, of 71 nien.) subsistence 3 pagodas
pay 3 pagodas
:
fanams, calculated on 70 men, 7 Dufaaddrs, j)ay 3 pagodas each 5
:
at
5
9ea. = 27
3
subsis-"j
fanam each
63 Privates, from 21 to 30 fanams each 3 pagodas
6
^ fanam each
tence 9 fanams, calculated on 9 men, at 1
:
[^3
) :
calculated at 1
89
O 222
Carried forward
592
5^2-
APPENDIX.
Lxxxvii Pagodas. Fanams.
Brought forward 592
5§
4th Artificers 2 Smiths 1 '2 Carpenters J
^^
^
72
O
125
O
808
5
5th Officers and StafT
pay 80 Imaumies, or rupees, (including
First Officer,
horse)
24
Second d?
.
.
Third
d?
.
.
60.
.
Fourth d?
.
.
50.
.
Go rupees (without horse)
O
18
d?
(d?)
15
O
d?
(d?)
15
O
Staff:
2 Pilots,
from 100 to 150
at
2 Ddroghas, at
j-wy^ee*,
or 45 j9a^oc?«.y each
90
O
15
O
7^ pagodas each
1
Physician and Surgeon (in one)
1
Mirzdey Duftur
9
O
11
—
Total monthly expence of a frigate while in port
Expence of twenty
Add twenty
lG,l 71
frigates
line of battle Ships
pagodas
29,431
Total monthly expence of forty ships in port, of
exclusive stores,
Or
wear and
tear,
ammunition, 45^602 Cantarai pagodas
&c
38,000 Star pagodas
nearly
Being, at eight shillings the Star pagoda,.
Or, per
The
.
.
.
Xl 5,200
X
annum
above pay and allowances were to be received by the
on shore.
When
afloat, or
embarked, they were,
sterling
182,^00'"^
men and
officers
when
in addition thereto, to receive
the rations to be presently stated.
As
a Alccr
that, in
I'uwm might be
occasionally
employed with the
fleet,
such cases, " a particularly good dinner, together with
daily provided
;
it
was ordered,
fruit,"
should be
the expence of which was to be defrayed by government. All
of the num(25) Tlie most striking defect in the foregoing establishment consists in the insufliciency augmentation of ihe crews appear that any sliips of as it would not to such force; ber of seamen allotted
was intended during
actual service.
APPENDIX,
IxXXviii
The
All the officers were to eat together. rations were to be issued 1
1
when
afloat
following were the persons to
whom
:
Meer Yumm, Meer Buhr,
4 Sirddrs, 1
Mirzdey Duftur,
3 Pilots, 2 Ddroghas, 1
Physician and Surgeon.
13
To
the above officers the following daily rations were to be served out of a full Dul; or Seer. Rice
I
Ddl
The no
(or split peas)
:^.
.
.
.
d'
Ghee
8 Joitz weight.
Meat
^
Salt
3 Jouz weight.
Tamarinds
2.
Turmeric
§•
Dry
i.
Garlic
(26)
short DuJi, or Seer.
. . .
d.
• •
d.
.
.
d.
.
Onions
I5
•
•
d.
Coriander seed
^'
•
•
d.
Black pepper
1.
.
.
d.
.
following were the rations to be issued to the Musqueteers and Gunners
distinction being
Rice
;
made between men and officers 1 Duk, or Seer. :
Ddl
6 Jouz weight.
Ghee
4....d?
Salt
2.
.
.
.
d?
Tamarinds
2.
.
.
.
d?
Turmeric
^.
.
.
.
d?
Dry
i.
. .
d?
.
d?
. .
d?
Garlic
Onions
1§
Coriander seed
^.
Black pepper
1.
.
.
.
.
.
d.
Besides
(26)
That
is,
the weight of eight nutmegs.
APPENDIX. Besides the above rations,
made
roasted (or
it
into Kubdbs),
Ixxxix*
would appear that meat prepared with was to be kept
store,
in
and served out once in
every fifteen days, at the rate of a quarter of a short Sea^ per in
question was to be cured or prepared with
salt,
and
spices,
man/" The meat and black
{finger, turmeric,
pepper.
The seamen were
each to be allowed daily ^ of a
Seer of Rice,
full
iof ....d?....
Dill,
2 Joiiz weight of G/ice,
d?
2
They were
.
.
.
Salt.
Whether they were
to supply themselves with spices.
every fifteen days, of the Kiibilbs above-mentioned,
The ttieir
tuoli their
commander, was
to officiate as priest
the appointed If'auz, or discourse
;
and
tlje
During the rainy season, the ships were
Mirjdn
where they were
CrecJi),
for the purpose
structed
;
to see that their
men had
own.
Prayers were to be performed every day, at the officer, or
partake,
uncertain.
and seamen were
several officers of the marines
appointed meals, be/ore they
is
to
five
The
appointed times.
fii-yt
on such occasions, and to deliver
Ddro<^has to be laid
to recite the five prayers. uj)
in the creek (probably
to be placed under cover of sheds to be con-
the necessary materials for which sheds were to be
furnished by the Asqfs of the adjacent districts.
The seamen were
to be
employed
in this service.
After mentioning that orders had been issued for the erection of two forts and
some
Hdjiz-Hlsdr (commonly called Beed-kole, or Batciil), the Meer were directed, by the present ordinance, to examine carefully the ground
batteries at
Vumms
in the vicinity of the aforesaid place,
and having pitched upon pro]xr spots
make a plan or drawing of They were to direct their particular
for
the works in question, to
the same, and transmit
the Presence.
attention to the two hills, or
which would appear
rocks,
to
it
to
form the entrance of the creek, or harbour, and to
ascertain the exact distance between them, as well as the extent of the channel, or
formed by them.
strait,
might
lie
reported erected
A
;
at
The depth
of uater, and the number of ships which
anchor between these hilL; were likewise
when, "
tvith
to
the blessing of God," forts and
be ascertiined and
batteries
were
to
be
there.
Fahhur vl Murdkib, is stated Creek; and another, called the Futah Mdbdruk, ship,
named
the
m (27) Original
(j:^.i.L< Jo.V
^~}Jr? ^-'V^
*'^^-
t^"* I' ^-^-~^/
to be then lying in in
Mirjdn
the creek at Hundicar
(OnoreJ
:
AP
4iC
PE K
D
I
X.
(Onore) both of them jjast repair. These ships were directed to be broken up with due can?, and the iron, and other materials, obtained from them, to be used :
in the
new
ships ordered to be built.
Twelve small
denominated Xtigs, or Nuks, were, moreover, delivered,
vessels,
on the present occasion, galliots
five
;
two, one
The
is
of
in
them being
called an
Meer
charge to the
and
at 3/angalore,
Usud-llhye grab
T'unnns.
five at
marines, and other people, belonging to the ships
which were destined
for the vessels ordered to be built)
these Nugs, which were to
sail
Onore.
and the other,
;
about the coast,
in
a small
(/. e. I
Usud-Ilhye ship.
suppose, the crews
were to be embarked upon order that the
With
thereby be duly trained in their respective duties.
Of these, ten were Of the remaining
men might
the same view,
it
was
buoy should be anchored in some convenient situation, and a flag erected thereon, to serve as a mark for practising with great guns in the management of which those attached to them were to be carefully instructed. directed that a kind of
;
It
next observed, that
is
dimensions,
will,
it
when
avoid this inconvenience,
it
green wood be cut up according to the required
dry, be found to
it
timljer, after being felled
was directed, that the
barked, should be kept one or two years
and when
;
To
short of those dimensions.
fall
and
perfectly seasoned, be cut up,
agreeably to the proposed standard.
The men Presence,^-^' fast as
required for the service of the
were, after being mustered in the
fleet
and duly sworn, to be dispatched to their respective destinations,
as
they were entertained.
The
accounts of the expenditure of the ships and crews, and of whatever related
were to be carefully and minutely
thereto,
kej)t
by the Meer Vumms and the
Asofs of the provincial Kuchurri.es (having any connection with this branch of
The movements and
the serviced in conjunction with each other.
warlike opera-
by the Meer I'unims If the Sultan should, at any time, wish to employ the service against an enemy, he would issue his orders for the
tions of the fleet were, likewise, to be directed conjointlj^
and the aforesaid Asofs. ships on any particular
purpose in
full
council, or assembly, of the ministers of state.'"'
The Meer Vumms had
in charge to station
it
two I'uzuks
(or twelve
men) with a
I'oozddr of the regular troops belonging to their department, at each of the Kuhties, or factories, established, "
by the
God,"
favor of
at
Muscat and Kutch; and which arc
(28)
It
would seem by
this
passage, if strictly understood, that no
the service of the navy but at 5frJngo/)a/am. the
is
.^
Xi\j^ a^ycj
^^^^ ^
/S-^ <.J~-^_,jfJy
the purpose] will be delivered in face [or presence] of
ing, as
ind
men were
to
be entertained for
not certain, however, that this was the meaning of
origin.il.
(29) Original
"
It
I
conclude,
fortifications);
1,
4,
the Military
;
2, the
the Commercial 5
Revenue
;
all
^J^ Ji
i^;j,
3, the Sudoor, or
5, the Treasury
;
jj
literally,
"the
orders [for
the six departments of government :" n)ean-
and
(5,
Ordnance (including garrisons
the Marine.
APPENDIX. on
are said,
two
this, as well as
Muscat and two
at
on a former occasion,
The pay
Kutch.
at
the Mirzdey Dufturs of the aforesaid to
make
XCl ^
to be
four
in
number, namely,
of these guards was to be issued by
fiictories,
to
whom The
the necessary remittances for the purpose.
the
Meer J'umim were
guards in question were
"'
to be relieved annually.
The Meer Yumms, Meer Buhrs, and
Ser'tshteddrs, attached to the three several
Kuchurries (or naval stations) of Jumdklbdd, IVdjiddbdd, and Mdj'iddhdd, were to repair, in the
of Ziljhijjeh of every year, and ten days before the
month
or festival, celebrated in that month, to Seringapatam
;
Eed,
there to deliver to the
Presence an account of their respective receipts and disbursements, and to report the progress
made
their respective stations, in the preparation of the vessels
at
The
ordered to be built.
officers
belonging to the ships, together with the several
Teepddrs, the Mirzde^ Dufturs, and the Ddroghas, were, in like manner,
Eed
repair every year, ten days before the
Rumuzdn,
of
to
to the capital, for the
purpose of delivering their respective accounts, and of reporting the
state of their
respective departments to the Presence.
To
the foregoing ordinance
of Tukhf, year Sdz, or
blishment of
artificers
A.M.
is
subjoined a supplementary section,
dated 24th
containing a detailed statement of the esta-
122.'),'"'
appointed for the service of the three dock- yards of
Jumd-
hibdd, IVdfiddbdd, and Mdjiddhdd, of which the following
is
Carpenters (including three C/iowdries and twelve
Monthly Pay and SuhisUncc.
^
JL
,
,'..,,.
,
Dujaaddrs, and
men,
tlivided into twelve
inclusive of
jij^^ '
an abstract. Cantarai Pagadas.
c
gangs oi ten
one Dufaadilr
123
3l6
34
94
157
410
Smiths (including two Chowdries and four Dufaaddrs) and divided in like
of eight
men
Total
manner
into four gangs
each, inclusive of one Dufaaddr.
artificers to
each dock-yard
Three dock-yards Being per annum
47
."
1
.
Cantarai pagodas 14,760
Or Star pagadas
m (30)
The
twelfth section of the present
lation to the ge11er.1l subject of
1,2.30
ordimnre
2
.
fiillows Iierf
loo curious
12,.'100
;
be
.nrui,
(hough hnving no apparent re-
unnoticed. Its object is to of shaking or kissing prohibit the practices ot risnig. for the purpose of recciviiic; or siUitiu); ,iny one hands and of embracitig upon meeting all of which arc declared to he odious cusiouis, and ronlniy to It concludes with directing, thai as all reciters of the Kiilmah {i. c. all true the coinmauds of the Prophet. believers) were brethren (or equal), they shall desist from these unl.iwt'ul practices (excepting in the case of sovereigns, whom it is nlways titling lo approach with reverence), and to cimline their ninlual •alulaih.il
ordiii.incc,
is
to
p.isseil
;
:
;
tions to ihe su/din,
••
to
coniplment of Us-suldm you be peace."
nice
(31) Corresponding with June 1797-
kum, " peace be with you," aud
its
response, Llie kiim us-
xcu
A r p
N
i:
1) I
X.
^4.920 ^182,4C0
which, at eight shillings the Star pagoda, makes If.
sum be added
this
amount
the annual
to
of the pay and allowances of the officers,
marines, and seamen, we
annual fixed
f
charges of the marine (exclusive of provisions, and the salaries
I
shall have, for the total
APPENDIX, (Refarcd
1
i: 187,3 20
)
of the .Meet' Vttmms, not specified.)
An Outline
sterling
to al
L.
Letter CCLXX.)
of Tippoo Sultan's Military Establishments.
propose, in the present article, to give such a general idea of the formation and
imount of
Tippoo Sultan's army (but
the late
as the materials in
my
possession enable
my
ness of these does not admit of
wish,
I
nevertl'.cless trust, that
it
me
particularly of the regular part of to furnish
and although the
:
rendering the account so complete as
on the whole, be found
will,
it)
scanti-
1
could
to be tolerably
accurate, as well as sufficiently minute, for the gratification of literary curiosity
which
is
now
the chief,
if
not the only, purpose
The documents from which
I
it
can answer.
have formed this statement consist of;
1,
A
Htikm-
ndmeh, or ordinance, dated the 14th of Ahmedy, year Sdlitr, orA.ISI. 1221,'" and addressed to the
Meer Meerdn,
or military department;"'
and
2,
Some rough memoranda
(1) Corresponding with the 25th of
March 1793.
(2) Consisting, at this time, of,
Budifiz Zuraftn
3, Syed
Mahommed
;
4, Purnia
;
1,
Khan; 2, Mahommed Rizd (the Binky Nabob); The name of the latter is inserted in the
and 5, Moer Nasir Ali.
own hand-writing. The Hukm-ndmek, here mentioned,
Sultan's
different departments of the
with the names of
words " Sircar
c
Mahommed
sists,
is
in a thick
and of the four
Khodadady ," or "
script are in the Sultan's
bound up, together wiih
is
government,
number of blank
the articles forming the several ordinances.
" supplement
to such an article."
is
to as
God."
" Kuhln/ Malik," which
leaves,
Many
The document,
many
curiously stamped
immediate successors, surmounted by the
RIany parts of the manuit
con-
has been already explained.
designed for the insertion of occasional additions to such additions accordingly appear, under the
title
of
here described, appears to have been a record, which
the Sultan kept constantly by him, for Ihe purpose of easy reference.
ordinances bears the impression of his small ring seal (dated but, in the place of the seal, the usual invocation of " writing.
others, addressed
every article of (he regulations or instructions of which
separately attested by his usual signature,
It likewise contains a great
Cnlip/if, his
ihe state founded or bestowed by
own hand: and
five
volume, the cover of wliich
A.M.
The first page of the first four The other two are not sealed; &c. appears, in his own hand-
1215).
Bism Allah,"
APPENDIX.
XC5II
memoranda,
relative to the military establishment, written, for the
the Sultan's
own hand, and
dated in the
month
most
part, in
of Jaqfiiri/, of the year Sdhlr,
or about five months subsequently to the ordinance.
There
is
no
essential dif-
ference between these two statements, excepting in the article of irregular cavalrv,
army the Sultan
in
which branch of
to
have made a reduction of
his
a])pears,
six tiiousand
and one thousand Kuzzdh, or
men
;
during the intermediate period,
namely,
any, was
if
military force of Mysore, in consequence of the diminution of
duced by the partition treaty of hostile views
It
17,92.
is
which the Sultan never ceased
which he was compelled
mies, that he disbanded no other part of his
its
made
the
in
resources pro-
probable, however, considering the to entertain,
to surrender half his country
from the moment
into the
army on the
hands of
in
his ene-
occasion, than the
num-
Indeed, the great marine establislnnent wliich he
ber of cavalry specified above. resolved to form about the
thousand Sildhddr,
Loottj, horse.
have not the means of ascertaining what reduction,
I
five
same
period, sufficiently proves, that nothing was less any material abridgment of the means, by which he losses, and to recover his military reputation. The irregu-
in his contemplation, than
hoped
still
lar horse,
to repair his
now
money
the
dismissed, could at any time be replaced
saved
by
his proposed navy.
The copy
their discharge
of the Futhdl Mdjdhidecn,
the
:
and, in
tlie
meanwhile,
towards defraying the expcnce of
now
before me,
containing merely the
of infantry, without either stating the total
number
or furnishing any other data for estimating the aggregate
such Km/ioons,
strength of
far
''
formation of a single Kushoon of
would go
army
;
and
this
being the only document in
my
possession,
relating to the military establishments of the Sultan, during the early part of his
my
what changes, if any, took place in those establishments, between the date of the work in question and the year 1793, when they were formed on the model to be presently shown. I am alike unable Sultan into the Held, in the to determine, whether the force brought by Tippoo reign,
it is
not in
power
war of 1799, exceeded or
to ascertain
fell
short of that contained in
tlic
following enumeration.
Adverting, however, to the vimlictive projects which he conceived and pursued in this interval, it may be safely presumed, that it was, at least, equal to the establishment (3)
The
man and amount
nnnual expcnce of six thousand horse, reckoning
liorse (the usual
average pny of
to about .i^2'4O,0OO,
lura of nearly
i 00,000.
<5--:l
Jji
at
ihe rate of lhir(y rupees a
Khuod-w^jia, or
which exceeds the pay or
men
riding their
own
month
for
horses)
each
would
fixed allowances of the oaval citabiisbmeiit in tho
APPENDIX
Xciv
Indeed, the
establishment of 1793.'*'
his unceasing anxiety,
numerous proofs of
afford
to,
papers, of the time here alluded
official
their full extent, the various corps of his army, but
number
greatest possible
not only to complete, to
also to
draw
to his standard the
of followers, and particularly those of the
Mahommedan
religion.
Army
Establishment of Tippoo Sultan's 1
Divided into
P'lddeh Ushiir or {regular ivfantry.)
.
five
in 1793.
Kuchurries, and composed of twenty-seven Kuslwons.
of the five Kuclmrries. Kuchurry Ahmedi/, or the Ahmedi/ Kuchurry. Two BuhhsJdes commanding the whole,-'' and having Specification
1st.
consisting of
346 men, attached immediately
a
Teep of Uskur,
to them.""
Six Ktishoons of Uskur and one Teep of Uskur (of the strength above
mentioned).
The men
of the Koreish tribe and of the
Suny
sect.
With
twelve
field pieces.
2d.
Kuchurry Huzoor Uskur
men
Six Kushoons of Uskur, composed of
3d. Second
Twelve
preceeding Kuchurry.
as the
of the same tribe and sect
field pieces.
Kuchurry of Piddeh Uskur.
Five
Kushoons of Uskur, and one Teep of Uskur attached to the
Bukhshies.
Men SUny
of the tribe of Koreish, Siytids,
sect.
With
ing arms
j
in
J
and
(page
xciii
4th.
Third
of the Appendix to his book), the Sultan's array
"99, to forty-eight thousand fighting men. if
of the
ten field pieces.
(4) According to Colonel Beatson
amounted,
Moghuh; and Patans
the garrison troops, throughout A/ysorf,
If,
by
this designation,
were not included
he meant
men
bear-
the number, the dif-
in
ference in the efficient forces of the two periods in question will be found to be very inconsiderable. (3)
Though
not so stated in the original, there would appear to have been two Bukhshies attached to
each Kuchurry of regular infantry, and the same number to a Kuchurry of cavalry.
had
also their
Bukhshies; but
I
do not
know of what number,
or of
how many
The Ehsham
troops
Kuchurries, they coo-
aisted.
(6) I
am
unable to slate for what purpose these independent Teeps, or battalions, were assigned to
the Bukhshies; or
why
the text.
were designed
may in
If they
be presumed,
whom the
they were not attached to as
guards of
that the p.?rticular
all
the Kuchurries as well as to the three specified
honour (which,
however,
seems rather unlikely),
Kuchurries to which they belonged were
Sul(an placed more than usual confidence.
commanded by
ii> it
ofScers
APPENDIX. 4th. Tliird
Knchurn/ of Piddeh Uskur.
Five Knsliooiis.
Men
Moglniis of the Sdtnf sect to the Bithhsliks. ')th.
The
XCV
Ten
of ;
the
Koreish
tribe,
S'lyuds,
with one Teep of Uskur
Patans and
(as before) attaclied
field pieces.
IJsud Ilhye Kuchurri/.
Five Kuslioons, viz
:
three Uskur,
and of Sii/uds of the Sum/
tribe,
Ilhi/es"'^
With
composed of men of the Koreish sect
;
and two Kuslioons of
Usud
ten guns.
Total twenty-seven Kuslioons, with three indej)endent Teeps of Uskur and
fifty-
four field pieces.
Besides the j^uns belonging to the Kushoons, there was a park of artillery attached (aj)j)arently) to the
whole body of infantry, and consisting of a heavy train of 10 battering guns
6 long guns
(for distant
cannonading), and
6 howitzers
The
staff of
eaih Kuchurry seems to have consisted of
2 Biiklishk's 1
Mirzdeif Ditftur y pay according to their repcctive meiits.
1
Hindooy
d.^
.
.
J C. Pagnaas. Fanams.
\G Giirndshtehs, from 2 Suryusdkchies 2 \ukeehs
18
O
to
l6
17" 12"
5 lldzirLdsfiies
3
4 Standard bearers
1
1
Furrdsh
2 Surwdns (in charge of three camels) 1
Mushdlchy
''
2 2 2
each
APPENDIX.
Xcvi
Pagodas. Fanams.
1
YKsdhdiij
1
Htfkecm
1
Jurrdh
1
MusMlchy
(or physician)
the second
^'°'
of four Teeps
Ouwuls
of Ushiir
(or of the first
S/iurbashur7i
2
Gurdoon-nuwdz (drummers) providing
their
30
O
7
5
drums
4
2 each
1
Shalmdey-nuwdz (or trumpeter) including trumpet ...
4
2
1
Standard
7
5
1
Munshoor
3
6
bearer
consisted of four
Yooz,'''-'^
and each I'ooz was composed
Voozddr
IncUiding four pagodas for a horse.
the formation of a Kushoon given
was not included
first,
class}, and the fourth.
own
2 Surkheels
it,
of which the
Teep.
1
1
of
;
Teepddr of the first class, or first, second, and third Teeps, pay (including horse) ^"'
Each Teep
(9)
1
class),
Stq^ of a 1
O
2
second, and third were denominated (or of
5
each.
3
(or surgeon)
Each Kushoon was composed Dooeni
7
O O
l6
Miitusudd'ies^'"
1
in the
It is
l6
""
7
O each
here observaWe, that the Bukhshy, who, according to
FuthuL Miljdhideen, ranked apparently as the second officer
establishment of 1/93,
in the jSTi^iAooT!
as follows:
at
which period the
title
was confined
lo
the heads, or commanders, of Kuchurrics.
(10) Formerly called
i?!io/(7i.-
this last
term seeming
to
be limited by the regulation of l/QSIothe
Kiishoous composing the Usud Ilhye Kuchurry, (11) If the Teep was short of the
of a Yoozddr. exert himself in
full
compliment, the Teepddr was
to receive
no more than the pay
This regulation was, of course, designed to stimulate the Teepdar, or Risdladdr, to keeping his corps complete. The same regulation appears to have applied to the subor-
dinate officers.
(12)
The Voos appears
(like that
and
to the
(13)
duced
It
to have
been what
is
elsewhere called a
/ott'*,
or company.
The
of RhdLiJ was now confined, I believe, to the Kushoons forming the Usud companies of rocket-men, gunners, &c. ought to be observed, that the pay of the fourth Teep was fixed through all the
scale.
latter
term
Ilhye Kuchurry,
r.inKs
on a re-
Thus the Teepddr's pay (incUuiing horse allowance; was only twenty-seven pagodas per
Surkhed's, six month; ihcYusdkchy's, seven pagocfai and a h.ilf the Yoozdur's, 6f(een pagodas ; the two fanams. pagodas and fowx Private's, the and one and fmiam pagodas five Jumaaddrs, pagodas ; the meriting adwhen and occasionally, removed prubably were Teep the fourth officers of The men and ;
;
vancement,
to the senior Teeps-
APPENDIX.
XCvii Pagodas. Fanams
JumaaMrs
8
64 I'uxuhddrs, or
privates'*'
BJieesty
1
9 Nujm-wdlehs,
5
1
2
1
d?
for bell tents, &c.
87 men 348 d?
Strength of one Yooz
D?
o each
6'
of one Teep or four Vooz
"'
Strength of a Kushoon, or four Teeps, 1392 men, (of which, however, only
1056 are stated
to have carried musquets).
The
following were likewise attached to each Kushoon.
One
Pay per man. Pagodas. Fanams.
...17
O
6
O
each
4
2
each
3
3
1
Jowhddr (including
1
Surkheel
horse)
,.
4 Jumaadurs.
.
.
.
32 Privates 1
JoU'k of rocket-men, viz.
Nujm-wdleh Each man carrying 2
rockets, or (with
Jumaaddrs) 72
Total nurr.her
of
vien.
rockets.
39
One
Jowh of DnrJihshunddz, or gunners, for the
service of the
two guns attached to the Kushoon.
N. B. Each gun was
in length
two
diraii (or
gu%) and a half
[about seven feet], and carried shot weighing four short duhs or setrs
:
i
e.
about
six
pounds weight.
2 Surhhech (one to each gun) each armed with a pair of pistols'"
28 Gunners.
pay each
... at
each
9
O
5
4
2 Nnjm-icdlehs Ji'
Two Jowhs 1
of Burkunddz, or matchlock-men, each consisting of
Jou'kddr, pay 3 pagodas G
pagodas, calculated
at 2
fanams subsistence 10 fanams on 50 men :
13
G
.
Carried forward
7
n (IJ) This pay considerably exceeded what the privates of the East-India Company's Sepoy corps receive. (15)
The
that there
is
but, as there can be
detail gives only
85
some omission
pos.sibly
specification of an
;
;
no doubt of the
drummer and
trumpeter.
A
total [^^7)
being right,
it
follow*
similar discrepancy occurs in the
Usud Ilhye Kushoon, on (he formation of which the Jutck corresponded with the
Yooz, and the Risala with tho Teep. (lO) Original
of a
i-J^
APPENDIX.
XCVm
Pay per man.
Total number
Pagodas. Faiiams,
of men.
Brought forward Jumaaddrs, pay 3 pagodas 6 fanams
5
9 fanams, calculated 45 Privates. ...
at
at
1
7
subsistence
:
fanam on 9
nicn
each
4
5
3
6
5 Nujm-icdlehs
The two
Two Jowhs
112
Joicks
of
Khuldsies,^^^''
each
Jowh
consisting as
follows
Jotckddr, pay 2 pagodas
1
;
subsistence
1
2 pagodas,
60 men at 2 jfcgodas each. 6 Diifaaddrs, pay 2 pagodas / fanams : subsistence 9 fanams, calculated on 9 men at 1 fanam each calculated on
14
O
3
6
2
4
54 Privates. ... at each
The two JbwA« The guns were drawn (drivers) attached to
The two
besides, an
by twenty
men G
them ammunition
cart to each
Two To
bullocks, having five drivers attached to
them
5
2
drawn by eight bullocks, with
Chowdries''' of bullocks, with their the whole
of the
10
Kushoon, drawn
twelve spare bullocks, drivers
Sjiare cart
A
each by twelve bullocks having three
tumbrils were drawn by forty bullocks, having ten drivers attached
There was,
To
122
2
drivers
23
assistants'"^'
bullock-drivers belonging to the
guns were
attached four Dufaaddrs
4
over the whole
1
Ddro"ha
One camel-driver One Moallum, or
to
two camels, carrying 108 rockets
teacher of the
1
Koran
1
360
Add Total strength of the Kushoon (including (16) I to our
{]/)
am
own
A
doubtful what the
all
1,392
descriptions of
employment of these men was
;
but
I
men)
think
it
likely that they
1,752 answered
Lascars.
kind of
officer, or superintendant.
(18) Besides the regular establishment of bullocks attached to a Kushoon, the Mc(?r ^wrfoor depart-
ment was
directed, by the ordinance of
1793, to furnish a thousand extra bullocks, for the service of
every Kushoon employed on any expedition conducted by the Sultan in person.
APPENDIX. Those carrying
firelocks
amounted
XCIX 1,146
to
Total of twenty-seven Kushoons
and of It
47,304
firelocks
30,94 2
appears by the foregoing statement, that a considerable change had been
when
in the formation of a Ki(shoo)f, since the period
the
Futhdl Mitjdh'ideen was formed
(including
all
;
the establishment given in
the strength of a Kushoon consisting then
number 2,400
of which
of 2,92S men,
as above)
descriptions,
made
a])pear to have carried muskets.
not, however, to be inferred
It is
amount of
from
circlim stance, that the aggregate
this
the 5m//««'a- infantry in 1/83, exceeded that of 1793, because, though
the Kuslioons were stronger at the former period, they
bably were, fewer in number
and such an
;
may have
alteration as
been, and pro-
may
this
be easily
supposed to have been adopted, with the sole view of rendering these corps
less
unwieldly than formerly.
In order to arrive at the period
make
at the total
amount of the
immediately in question
regular foot forces of
(or 1/93),
we must
the following additions to the foregoing enumeration
Monsieur Vigie's
""
To
this
corps (the
monthly expence of which
by the Sultan himself das) were attached two guns. stated
Three
indejx'ndent Teeps of
at
47,304
30,942
1,000
800
1,044
864
is
regular infantry
(P'iddeh
second,
first,
and third Kuchurries,'^^ each 348 strong
205
of the five Kuc/iurries
Drivers, and^ others, to
heavy park,
Firelocks.
8,179 Cantarai pago-
UskurJ attached to the Bullisliies of the
Staff'
Men.
(formerly Lally's) corps, 500 Euro-
peans and 500 Sepoi/x
N B.
Tippoo Sultan,
1,935
viz. 1,664
draft
bullocks attached to the
and 27I carriage
719 735
Bildars, or pioneers
Elephant- drivers to seven elephants attached to the heavy
guns
7 5 J ,014
Carried forward
n (,iy)
In the original
2
^Jij
(20) These Teeps are thus posted, according to the SuUan's
racmorandum of August i/Qi.
ordinance of March 1/93, ihey were placed under the Bukluhies of the churries.
32,6o6
first,
third,
By
the
and fourth Ku-
APPENDIX.
C
Brought forward ... Khuldsles (or gun lascars) to the heavy park,
Flreloehs.
51,014
32,6o6
fourteen
JowJcs including JoicMdrs .
.
Men.
714
Add also tlie following establishment of artillery men: To the four long brass guns (t/s.two long eighteen-pounders and two long eight-pounders). the same as those of the
4 Stirk/teets and )(Va.y
Gunners
56'
To
the
)
10 iron battering guns
ders and four ten-pounders)
1
To
56
6o
Kushoons.) [viz. six
twenty-four poun^
:
10 Surhheels, xhy 9 pcisodas each.') 40 (junner, 3 pagodas f)janams )
the six howitzers
:
6 Surhheels, pay 6 pagodas each
36 Gunners and appropriated
by
three hundred
to the carriage of the
Sul-
tans baggage
For bringing
or
j
j
Drivers to one hundred carts, drawn bullocks,
"J
1
00
in forage to the above, forty-eight bullocks
and fifty-two bullock-men, including Ddrogha and three 52
Cliowdrles Choivdries and
Dufaaddrs
to
636 hired
carts attached to
—
the heavy park Artificer's
One
625
yard
General in Chief of Infantry (at the monthly pay of
240 pagodas)
Mutusuddy
1
Vusdlichy or aid de
camp
to ditto,
and
1
3
to ditto
In all,. 52,760
The
total of the foot forces
Sultans fourteen
o\v\\
<"'
32,838
amounted, however, according to an abstract in the
hand, to 52,774 men, making a difference in the two statements of
men: which may
either be referred to the omission (on account of the
great obscurity of the passage in the original) of the Choivdries, &c. attached to
the hired carts, or to some other petty error in 'I
he Kushoons composing the
fifth,
or
Usud
tlie detail.
Ilhi/e Kuchurri/, of regular
infan-
try, differed a little in their formation, as well as in point of pay,
from the other
Uhe
reason of this
Kuchurries, as will appear by the following specification.
ditierence (2l) This total exceeds that given in the Sultan's
own memorandum by
sixteen firelocks.
-CI
APPENDIX. difference I
are
am
unable to explain, otherwise than by supposing (what, indeed, there
some grounds
and Usiid
for believing) that, in addition to their pay,
Ilhi/es received rations of
Ddl
both the Ahmedies
(dry peas), and perhaps other articles of
provision, from government. Pagodas,
Fanams.
Sipahddr (pay according to his merits).
1
16 ^ o
foi^eat ,,. ^^, 2 Mdtusuddies < ^ \_one at
1
Sur-yusdkchy
6
O O O
1
Pliysician
5
1
Surgeon
3
O
1
Mushdlchy
2
1
1
Moallum
5
O
(or instructor in the
The Kushoon was
Koran).
.
.
divided into four Risdlas (instead of Teeps), each consisting
of 348 men, viz. 1
Risdladdr (including horse allowance)
1
Yusdhchy
1
Drummer and
1
Standard bearer
1
1
fifer,
each
Mumhoor Each Risdla
w^as
composed of four Jowhs
25
O
5
1
3
9
4
5
3
6
(instead of Yooz), each
Jowh con-
sisting of: 1
Jowkddr
12
O
2 Surhheeh each
5
7
8 Jumaaddrs each
4
2
3
9
2
1
2
1
64 Fuzukddrs, or
privates, each
9 Niijm-wdlehs each 1
Blieestij, or water-carrier
Total of a
Jowh
86 ineu
Of iourJowks
340 d? S
Staff of the Risdla''^
348
Total of a Risdla
and of four Risdlas 1,392
;
being the same strength as the Kus/ioons of the other
Kuc/tunies.
The (22)
The
specification gives only six
;
but cither two of the Staff have been inaijTertently omitted by
the Sultan, or I have not rightly understood the original-
APPENDIX.
Cii
The Ehshdm,
or garrison troops, are stated, in the ordinance of 1793, address-
ed to the Sudoor department,
amount I
of
now
Kunduchdr;
25,000 men.'"'
at
that
I
have no means of estimating the
the provincial troops, or niihtia.
is,
jirocccd to a sumnuiry statement of the cavalry, according to the estabhsh-
ment of 1793. Suicdr Uskur for regular cavalry).
I.
Three KuchurriesS"'^
Kach
men
Mokuhs
of six
Kiicfiiirr)/ consisting
389
(or regiments), of
horses and
3/5
each.'"'
Total of one Knchurri/, (with a Syse or attendant to each horse).
.
.
.
Of three Kuchurries
The
detail of the
2,334 horses
d?
7,002
Mokuh
not given in the original
is
;
but the latter appears to
have been divided into Teeps and stables, each stable consisting of twenty-two
The
horses.
To
strength of a Teep
is
not
stated.'""'
each Kuchiirry of regular horse two guns were attached, with a proportionate
number
of gunners, &c.
Silahddr
II.
Of
(23) fifteen
Ehshdm troops (armed, I believe, with swords and matchlocks) among tlie several forts throughout the country. These were ordered
these twenty-five thousand
thousand were distributed
be relieved annually, and were paid at the computation of forty days to the month, and at the rate of two pagodas per man. The subsistence to tiieir officers was fixed at two fanams and a quarter per man.
to
The remaining
Eksham were
ten thousand
the latter was two pagodas four fanams
:
The pay
stationed at Stringapalam, or with the Hilzoor.
and the subsistence of the
officers, three fanams
of
per man.
^24) By the ordinance of March 1/93, the regular cavalry was formed somewhat differently from the It then consisted of four Kuchurries, composed each of
establishment of August 1793, as stated above. four Mokuhs, the latter being of the
gate
amount of the
hundred and
fifty
arise
as those given in the text
why
from some of the
the
officers
number
of horses exceeded that of men.
(26) But although neither the ordinance of
March 1793, nor
the Sultan's
" I
Uskur."
Whether
in question is called, in the
this
was
a
then
memoranda of
the
Hukm-ndmeh here
newly formed corps, or an old one
to
same
constituted, I find, in a
Kuchurry of regular cavalry, of which an
regulation dated in February 1/97, a specification of a
The Kuchurry
Perhaps the difference
being allowed more than one horse.
year, furnish the details of a A/oii/i, or regiment, of regular cavalry, as
follows.
consequently, the aggre-
:
exceeded that of the former by two Mohils, or about seven
men.
(25) It does not appear,
might
same strength
latter establishment
abstr.ict
" Hafz Sawdr e new name was now given,
referred to,
which
a
have not the means of ascertaining.
The Kuchurry of the
latter
is
stated to
have consisted (including
of which 1,562 were stable horses
;
all
descriptions) of 1,619
men and
1,582 horses
the remaining twenty belonged to the persons
The whole were commanded by two Bukhshies, with the usual staff. The Kuchurry was divided into four Mokuhs ; and each Mokuh into four Teeps
:
mounted
on them.
was composed of two Yuoz
;
and each Yooz divided into two
or Teebs.
The Teep
stables.
Detatl
APPENDIX. II.
Two of
ciii
Sllahddr Cavalry, (or Cavalry mounted on their own horses).
Kuchurries, composed of Musulmans and unbelievers.
Each Kuchnrry commanded by two Buhhshies, and divided 250 horse each, besides the usual staff: 1 Kuchnrry 2,000 horse.
D?
2
d?
4,000
Kuzzdk
III.
into eight Risdlas,
(or Predatory) Cavalry.
Three Kuchurries, of 2,666 horses each, divided
into Risdlas of
260 each. Total
Detail of a Mokub. Men.
Sur
e
Uskur, or Mohuldar
Horses.
2
1
Shurlushurn *
1
1
Trumpeters
2
2
Teepddrs
4
8
Yoozdars
8
\6
SurkheeLs
l6
l6
Jumaadars
48
48
288
288
4
4
4 4
376
389
Privates
StanJard-bearers
ShuTbashurns attached
to
Tecps
Oae Kurhurnj
Staff, vi%.
Four Mutufuddles a Farrier,
;
a Sdlotry, or Veterinary
Surgeon
&c
;
^
i
n
.
.
,
.
.
.
155S
•
}
One Mokub Four
392 1508
d.fto
1562 \
Kxclusivc of Syces,
Bulhshics and Kuchurry Staff
30 f
keepers,
Burkunddzes, or matchlock-men, attached
21
J300 Bullocks,
Total
.
/
\P\qJ
.^
'° '^"^
horse-
and Drivers
to
attached
Kuchurry.
General Abstrait. 1
•
I
Stable
21 Troopers.
2 Stables
1
Yo«z, or 42, including Jumaadars.
2 Yooz
1
Teep, or 84, including ditto.
4 Tieps
J
Mokub,
4 Mokubs
1
Kuchurry, or 1344
take the Shurhishuni 10 be another
name
for the
or 330, including ditto.
men
carrying arms.
YusSkchy.
f The number of Horses composing a Stable would appear, by some documents, 10 have been twenty-two. Tills would make the number of StablcHorses 10 a Kuchurry no more than 1,408; which 1 do not know how to reconcile to thf pieccding
detail.
APPENDIX.
CIV
Total of the three KiicJnirnes stated at eight thousand horse, which appear to have
been officered in the same manner
as the
Silahddr cavalry, the
regular pa)', like those of the latter body.
It
may
officers receiving a
be presumed, that the
men
corhposing this predatory corps Oiust also have received pay during peace, whatever
might be the case
The
in
time of war.'"'
foregoing seems to have been the establishment of KttzzdJis, or Looties, in
time of peace. to the above,
They would, a K/icis,
of course, be augmented during a war.
or special Risdla, of Kuzzaks,
is
mentioned.
composed of INIusulmans of various denominations, and amounted and horses, commanded by a separate Buhhshy. (27)
The
Loot'ie,
or
Kuxxak
cavalry, are said to receive
retain whatever booty they can acquire.
no pay
:
in lieu
In addition
to
It
fifty
was
men
of which they are allowed to
INDEX. Syed Ahmed and six otiicrs, 385. to Mohyfiddeen Ali Khan and others,
Circular, to
To Abdul Ilukecm Klian (Nabob of Sliiinoor), Letters 16, 343, i)dl.
150,
78,
151, 22S, 247, £54,
386. -
to
Khajeh I bad Khan and four others,
Abdul Kureem (Sipahdfir), 293. Abdul Nubby (the Commandant), 2CG.
317.
Ahmed Ahmed
Ali (Mecr), 197.
Sea Ports
(Sliaikh), 70.
to the Aumili^, actual and future, of the Port of Mangalore, 205.
to the actual and future in general, 204.
Ali Rajah (Beeby of Cananore), 124, 181, 184, 267, 291.
Aumils of the
-to ditto, ditto, of the Port of Calicut,
203.
B.
to the Dewan and Bukhshy of each of the seven Kuchunies of Seringapatam, 182.
Boodhun Shah, 398. Budceaa (iz Zuman Khan, 123. Budiuz Zuman Khln, 161, 162,
166,
168,
-to the seven Superintendants of the Post at the seven Capital Cities of the Sul-
176, 187, 194, 208, 224, 230, 234, 235, 237,
tanut, 180.
292, 307, 332, 342, 350, 358, 362, 383, 407, 430.
others, 410.
2
Budul Baig Khan
(see
Mahommed Baig Khan
Iliimdany.)
to the
Dewan
of Chittledoors: and
Governor of Madras and others,
412.
Burhanuddeen,
10, 17, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, ^^, 40, 41, 49, 52, 60, 61, 77, 81, 83, 84, 85, 90, 92, 94, 120, 125, 135, 141, 147, 157, 158, 169, 186, 188, 193, 217, 220, 225, 226, 239, 240, 245, 246, 248, 256, 261, 262, 264, 271, 274, 278, 289, 296, 305, 308, 31 1, 313, 319, 322, 327, 339, 347, 349, 352, 353, 357,
361, 372, 373, 376, 426.
Calicut, to the Dewans of, 419; to the actual and future Aumils of, 203. Cliishty
-to the
YAr Khan, Rajah
54, 63, 227, 285, 414.
Ram
Chundur
(sec
Circular,
accompanying Manifesto against the
Chundur).
Infidels, 265.
to the Commanders of the five Bnrgccr Kuchurrics and Suwilr Kucliurrv, 280. to the
Commanders of
the
Cossigny, M. (Governor of Pondicherrv), 337. 355, 380, 384, 412, 417, 420, (see Governor of Pondicherry).
Daroghas of the Jinsy, 338. DArogha of the Post-OITice at Putn, 251.
Dewins of Zuferabad, 404, 428. Khan (the Sipahdar), &-c. 18. Dileer Khan Behadur Dilcer Jung, 263. Dileer Dil
Durwaish,
Mahommed
E.
Ehsanullah Khan, 143, 212, 341.
two Jyshe
Uukhshies of the Ehshdm Ku-
churry, 282. to ten yipahdurs, 306.
Mahommed
Eaatimiidy Khojeh Fiifisul, 183. Eesa, Mahommed, 403.
F.
Kuchunicf^, 281, to the
(see
waish).
France, the King
of,
'SJG^
Fuzl Ali Khan, 269.
Futah Ali (Mccr), 346.
Dur-
INDEX.
CVl
G. Ghou=, Mahommed, 67, 554. Ghuffar, Svcd, 118, 127, 170, 260, 348.
Ghuliim Ali Khan, 191, 199, 214, 215, 216, 233, 401, 413.
Ghillam Ahmed, 42, 244. Ghfilam Ghuzunfur, 406.
Ghulam Husain and
others, 277.
Ghulam Maliommed, 2.^9. Ghulam IMohjuddccn (Meer), 275. Ghulam Munsoor, 268. Ghvas Khan, Mahommed, 3, 8, 9,
13, 15, 27,
H. Hukcem Khan, Abdul (see Abdul Hukeem).
.Taafur,
Baig-, 334, 381.
18,
170.
I.
AND
J.
Wufakhany (Meer), 346.
Ibraheem,
Mahommed,
360.
of Muscat, 148, 207.
K. 156, 159, 160,
163.
Khajeh Ibad Khan and four
others, 317.
KCixy of Bangalore, 363.
Mohyuddeen Ali Khan,
Sumsamiil
58, 64, 107, 121, 190,
Moal Chund and Sujan Riio, Monneron, Monsieur, 399. Munzoor Ali Khan, 72.
Imam
of,
73, 333, 395.
148, 207.
Mulaim Jung, 356. Musheer ul Mulk, 366, 422.
Siihcb, i53.
N.
Kutbul Mulk, 325, 328, 331, 435. Khjrullah, 173.
L. Monsienr, 411.
Ali
318.
Mahommed Khan Behadur
Muscat, the 14, 20, 22, 24, 26,
29, 32, 34, 36, 43, 45, 46, 48, 55, 59, 68, 69, 70, 74, 86, 88, 93, 99, 100, 101, 105, 109, 110, 113, 122, 129, 138.
Lutf
279, 329.
195, 386, 391, 415.
Khajeh Seth and other Armenian merchants,
I/ally,
381.
iMulk, 257.
172, 200, 258, 272.
Kureem
Meer Moaala Khan, SO, 209. Meer Moaainuddeen, 97, 202, 273,
Mirza
Kasim Ali Khiin (Meer), 192. Kazim (Meer), 2, 50, 154, 155,
11,
242.
Mahommed Abdullah, 250. Mahommed Molidy, 276. Mahommed Yoosuf, 286. Mahommed Hyder, 287. Mahommed Baig Khan Humdany, 334, Mahommed Aka, 354. Mahommed Ecsa, 403. Mahommed Durwaish, 405, 409, 434. Mahommed Ibraheem, 360. Mahommed Shufeeaa, 300. Mah Mirza Khan, 119, 142, 426. Mahmood Ali Khan, 326. Mao Seith (DuUal at Muscat), 206.
Meer Mahommed Sadik, 114, Meer Mohib Ali, 243, 253. Meer AH, 377, 382. Meer Ibraheem, 431.
Jusarut ud Dowlah, 95.
Kumruddcen (Meer),
89, 270, 310,
592, 426.
Ibraheem (Meer), 431.
Imam
Mahommed Ali, Mirza, 1, 249. Mahommed Ghous, 67. Mahommed Ali (Sipahdur), 87, Maliommed Wasil,
37, 38, 44, 53, 56, 66, 75, 79, 82, 91, 96, 103, 104, 111, 112, 116, 118, 126, 133, 140, 149, 165, 167, 179, 189, 236, 297.
Ilumeed, Sved,
Ushruf, 6, 47, 65, 210, 379, 395,
396.
323.
Ghillam Husain Khan, 295, 324, 371. Ghulam Hjder, 134, 320, 423.
Kumdany, Mahommed
Mahommed
Khan, 232, 233.
Noor Mahommed Khan, S9 med Ghyas Khan). Noorullah, Shah,
7,
NubbyShah, 365. Nuwazish Ali Klian,
(see also
Mahom-
177, 213, 219, 232, 233.
229.
INDEX. Syed Maliommed Khan (Bukhshy), 283.
P.
Peer Syed, 218. Pondicheny, Governor
Syed Moh\ nddecn, 367. of,
3,
21,
108, 145.
Syed Mahommed Khan(Dewan of Nugr), 288. Syed Ahmed
also Gossignj).
(.see
evil
.Sahcb, 369, 385.
T.
R.
Rajah
R:>in
Chimdur,
98, lOG, 144, 153,
4,
10, 23, 35, 57, 62,
JG4, 174, 178,222,223,
Turab
Ali (Meer), 309.
Turbiyut All Khan,
241, 2f)4, 299, 314, 316, 359, 374, 388, 390, 397, 429.
4,
12,
U.
Rajah of Pegu, 211.
UrshudfiUali Klian, 231.
Runmust KhSn,
Urshud Baig Khan,
102, 196, 201, 315, 321, 330,
370.
Ushrnf,
Rujub AH Khan, 298.
Usud
Mahommed
Ali
171, 284, 402, 418, 432. (see
Meor Mahommed,
Mahommed
Ushruf.)
Khan, 301, 302, 303, 304.
W.
S.
Sadik,
152,221,223,299,
408.
114, 318.
Wasil Mahommed, 242.
Seth, Khajch, 163.
Y.
Allum (the Emperor), 71. Shall Noorullah (see NooruUah). Shfih
Shah Mahommed, 173. Shah Abdullah Saheb, 340. Shumsuddeen Khan, 175, 185,
Yiikoob, and other Armenian merchants, 425.
Yoosuf,
Rao
Zvnul Aabideen
Shoostry, 128, 131, 132, 136,
137, 139.
Moal Cliund). Syed Mahommed Khan (Kilaadar of Seringa(see
patam), 115, 351, 364, 375, 378, 424.
Syed Peer, 218.
Zynul Aabideen (."^ipahdar), 117. Zynul Aabideen, 51, 146. Zynul Aabideen (Bukhshy of Ehsham),
130,
238, 312, 335, 344, 414.
Syed Ghuffiir (seeGhuflar).
Syedllumeed,
286.
Z. 198, 252, 255,
320, 368, 400, 416, 421, 427. Suji'in
Mahommed,
18,
Zvnul Aabideen (TaolukdarofGulshunabad),
170.
"394.
THE END.
DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. Plate A. to face Appendix A., page
C
C, page
LONDON: Trtnted by Cox, .Son, ind Ba)li,,
Utut Quccu
street.
i.
xi.
ERRATA, Page. 18 line 1 for capitulations, read recapitulations. we by, read we will lay. 19 . ... 17
Pjge
—
20
31
50 58
66 67
)LA)
note
C8
7
—
2
efier
read
j
read
^JJ^\i
iruerl
j_^
3 for on separate, read in separate. note 8 a/cer Usud flllah ul Ghaiib, insert This was one of the tides; and dele s\z. line 13 yir approaches, reorf parallels. .... 17 and whereKever occurring, for Buktshies, read Bukhline
shies.
99 109 112 126 130 150
152 165 168 185
202
208
note 12 /c-rA. H.
U47, read K.U.
II97.
5 — Dalwir, read Dulwye. — Bubi read Bubir 12 — Mukhun Zaal, read Mukhun note —a read from line
last line
Ali,
line
shilling,
All.
Laal. four to five shillings.
The
sentence which folhws the word "circumcised," and beginning " If this," has been accidentally transposed. It should follow at line 11 page 151 the words " title of Letter CXLV." 6ybr subsisted, read subsists. line Minayar, read M4n4wilr. .... 9 gram, reod grain. ....21 brother-in-law, read relative. .... 8 ....21 The words " at Muscat" shouH follow " Commercial Consul," instead of following " Hydery." note 13 /or A. D. 1764, read 1 759 60. Ubjee, read Ubjud. want of encouragement, rfodwanl of arrange.... 1
.... 5
— —
— — —
ment.
345 347 349
name uncertain. 5y<"' Khullar, read Khulfan. realization, read execution. .... 3 .... 16 reasonably, read seasonably. note 4 ~- ten, read two. line 4 ~" the latter is, read the latter are. note 8 line 4 /*" the perusal, read their peiusal, and de/e of. ... 12 put the bracket after " them," instead of after " claims." ..,.40 line 5y<"' translation, read transaction. line 5 The words " some of," should have stood between brackets, thus [some of j. • ••• 9 /<" discharged, read iliscussed. recovery, read discovery. .... 9 ....21 de/e himself, and sulstilttie his (BOrhlnOddcen's)
371
note 15 /or
212 233 235 244 275 296 326
331
342
....
1
line
dt'e
— —
——
—
army.
402
— — note 10 —
411
line
391 395
420
.... 2 .... 19
^jS read ^^
was, read are. article, read articles. ((JLi- read ,01^
12 diie (Ae comma after however. .... 18 /or the stale, read that state. .... 14 At the end substitute a note of intettogalion full stop.
431 432 437 441
.... 10 /or extracts, read extract. customary rules, read customary riles. .. .. IG givinp, read given, note 2 Giilsliumibid, read GilshunibiJ. line 2 .... 13 after esiablubcd, insert at.
— —
—
for
the
&c.
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