Gr ee k an d Ro m
Roman and Greek Gods & Goddesses
According to Ancient Greek mythology and legends, detailed in the Greek Creation Myth and adopted by the Roman Empire, the gods and goddesses consisted of three major groups and generations:
The Primeval or Ancient Gods
The Titans
The Olympian Gods
The Olympian gods achieved supremacy over the older, first, primeval gods and the giant Titan gods when they were victorious in the Battle of the Titans. The names and roles of the principle Roman and Greek Gods and Goddesses that feature in ancient mythology have been detailed in the following chart covering the Greek and Roman counterparts of the Ancient first, or primeval gods, the Titans and the Olympian gods. Roman and Greek Gods & Goddesses - Chart of the Olympians In Ancient Greek mythology the counterparts of the Olympian Roman and Greek gods are detailed in the chart:
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Olympians - Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses List of Greek Olympians
Roman Counterparts of Olympians
Description / Roles of the Olympians
Zeus
Jupiter or Jove
King of the Olympian gods
Hera
Juno
Queen of the Olympian gods
Demeter
Ceres
Goddess of agriculture
Athena
Minerva
Goddess of wisdom
Artemis
Diana
Goddess of hunting
Apollo
Apollo, the Roman god
God of the sun and music
Ares
Mars
God of war
Hephaestus
Vulcan
God of fire and metal-working
Hermes
Mercury
Messenger of the Olympian gods
Aphrodite
Venus
Goddess of love and beauty
Hestia
Vesta
Goddess of the home and hearth
Hades
Pluto
God of the Underworld
Poseidon
Neptune
God of the Sea
Dionysus
Bacchus
God of wine, celebrations and fertility
List of Greek Olympians
Roman Counterparts of Olympians
Description / Role of the Olympians
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Olympians - Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses
Roman and Greek Gods & Goddesses - Chart of the Lesser Gods In Ancient Greek mythology the counterparts of the Lesser Roman and Greek gods are detailed in the chart:
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Lesser Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses List of Greek Lesser Gods
Roman Counterparts of Lesser Gods
Description / Roles of the Lesser Gods
Hebe
Juventas
Goddess of youth
Persephone
Proserpina
Goddess of spring and flowers, queen of the Underworld
Charon
Charon
The Ferryman
Eros
Cupid
God of love
Atlas
Atlas
God of astronomy
Prometheus
Prometheus
God of forethought
Epimetheus
Epimetheus
God of afterthought
Let
Latona
Goddess of motherhood
Iris
Arcus
Goddess of the rainbow
Eos
Aurora
Goddess of the dawn
Asclepius
Aesculapius
God of Medicine and Healing
Notus
Auster
God of the South wind
Enyo
Bellona
Goddess of war and peacekeeping
Eris
Discordia
Goddess of discord
Pan
Faunus
God of the Wild and fertility
Zephyrus
Favonius
God of the west wind
Heracles
Hercules
God of strength
Nemesis
Invidia
Goddess of consequences and revenge
No Greek counterpart
Janus
God of doors, gates and new beginnings
Thanatos
Letus
God of Death
Palaemon
Portunus
God of sailors
Amphitrite
Salacia
Goddess of war
Morpheus
Somnia
God of Dreams
Hypnos
Somnus
God of Sleep
Elpis
Spes
God of Hope
No Greek counterpart
Terminus
God of Boundaries
Phobos
Timor
God of fear and panic
Hecate
Hekate (often confused with Trivia)
Goddess of magic and witchcraft
Nike
Victoria
Goddess of victory
Eurus
Vulturnus
God of the east wind
Geras
Senectus
God of old age
Psyche
No Roman counterpart
Goddess of compassion
Eros, god of love
Cupid
God of Love
Selene
Luna
Goddess of the moon
Eos
Aurora
Goddess of dawn
Ariadne
No Roman counterpart
Goddess of passion and mazes
Aeolus
Vulturnus
God of winds
Asclepius
Aesculapius
God of medicine
Bia
No Roman counterpart
Goddess of force
Cratos
Potestas
God of strength and power
Deimos
Formido
God of terror
Harmonia
Concordia
Goddess of harmony, agreement & understanding
Khione
Chione
Goddess of snow
Eileithyia
Natio
Goddess of childbirth
Momos
No Roman counterpart
God of mockery and blame
Moros
No Roman counterpart
God of Doom
Tyche
Fortuna or Abudantia
Goddess of luck, destiny and fortune
Zelus
Invidia
God of dedication, rivalry and envy
Triton
No Roman counterpart
God of ships and Prince of Atlantis
Paean
No Roman counterpart
Doctor of the gods
Pallas
No Roman counterpart
Titan God of warfare
Melinoe
Orcus
Goddess of ghosts
Enyo or Eris
Bellona
War goddess
Eutychia
Felicitas
Goddess of success
Mithras
Mithras
God of soldiers, light, truth, and honor
Eirene (one of the Horae)
Abundantia
Goddess of plenty and prosperity
List of Greek Lesser Gods
Roman Counterparts of Lesser Gods
Description / Roles of the Lesser Gods
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Lesser Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses
Roman and Greek Gods
Names of Roman & Greek Gods counterparts
Interesting information and Facts about Roman & Greek Gods counterparts
Roman & Greek Gods counterparts
Greek Mythology £ Roman & Greek Gods counterparts
Facts and information about Roman & Greek Gods counterparts for schools and kids
Roman and Greek Gods & Goddesses - Chart of Ancient, Primeval Gods In Ancient Greek mythology the counterparts of the ancient, primeval, Roman and Greek gods are detailed in the chart:
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Ancient Greek Deities - Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses Greek Ancient Gods Chaos
Roman Counterparts of Ancient Greek Gods
Description / Roles of Ancient Gods
Chaos
The first of all the gods, who ruled over confusion
Nyx
Nox
Goddess of night
Erebus
Scotus
God of darkness
Aether
Aither
Goddess of the daytime
Hemera
Dies
Goddess of the daytime
Tartarus
Tartarus
God of the abyss beneath the Underworld
Eros
Amor
God of procreation
Pontus
Pontus
God of the sea
Gaia
Terra Mater, Tellus or Maia
The Earth Mother
Ouranos
Uranus
God of the heavens
Eros
Amor or Cupid
God of procreation
Pontus
Pontus
God of the sea
Gaia
Terra Mater or Tellus
The Earth Mother
Ouranos (Uranus)
Caelus
God of the heavens
Greek
Roman Counterparts
Description / Roles of
Ancient Gods
of Ancient Greek Gods
Ancient Gods
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Ancient Greek Deities - Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses
Roman and Greek Gods & Goddesses - Chart of the Titans In Ancient Greek mythology the counterparts of the Titan Roman and Greek gods are detailed in the chart:
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Titans - Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses Greek Titans
Roman Counterparts of Titans
Description / Roles of the Titans
Cronus
Saturn
God of time
Rhea
Ops
Goddess of fertility and the mother of gods
Coeus or Koios
Coeus
God of Intelligence
Phoebe
Dione
Goddess of the Moon
Oceanus
Oceanus
God of the ocean
Tethys
Thalassa
Goddess of the rivers
Iapetus or Iapetus
Iapetus
God of Mortal Life
Hyperion
Hyperion
Lord of light
Mnemosyne
Moneta
Goddess of memory, inventor of words
Theia
Thea
Mother of the Sun and Goddess of all that glitters
Crius or Krios
Crius
God of the constellations
Themis
Themis
Goddess of justice and order
Clymene
Fama
Goddess of fame and glory
Greek Titans
Roman Counterparts of Titans
Description / Roles of the Titans
Roman and Greek Gods Chart of the Titans - Roman & Greek Gods & Goddesses
Greeks in the Trojan War
Achilles - the leader of the Myrmidons, son of Peleus and Thetis, and the principal Greek champion whose anger is one of the main elements of the story.
Agamemnon - King of Mycenae, supreme commander of the Achaean armies whose actions provoke the feud with Achilles; elder brother of King Menelaus.
Ajax or Aias - also known as Telamonian Ajax (he was the son of Telamon) and Greater Ajax, was the tallest and strongest warrior (after Achilles) to fight for the Achaeans.
Ajax the Lesser - an Achaean commander, son of Oileus often fights alongside Great Ajax; the two together are sometimes called the "Ajaxes".
Calchas - a powerful Greek prophet and omen reader, who guided the Greeks through the war with his predictions.
Cornilius - Depressed Greek known for his nihilistic rants aand prays for death as also seen in the "bible"
Diomedes (also called "Tydides")(Διομήδης) - the youngest commanders, famous for wounding two gods, Aphrodite and Ares.
Helen - the wife of Menelaus, the King of Sparta. Paris visits Menelaus in Sparta. With the assistance of Aphrodite, Paris and Helen fall in love and elope back to Troy, but in Sparta her elopement is considered an abduction.
Idomeneus - King of Crete and Achaean commander. Leads a charge against the Trojans in Book 13.
Menelaus - King of Sparta and the abandoned husband of Helen. He is the younger brother of Agamemnon.
of
the Achaean
Nestor - of Gerênia and the son of Neleus. He was said to be the only one of his brothers to survive an assault from Heracles. Oldest member of the entire Greek army at Troy.
Odysseus - another warrior-king, famed for his cunning, who is the main character of another (roughly equally ancient) epic, the Odyssey.
Patroclus - beloved companion to Achilles. Phoenix - an old Achaean warrior greatly trusted by Achilles, acts as mediator between Achilles and Agamemnon. Teucer - Achaean archer, half-brother of Ajax.
Troy
Aeneas - cousin of Hector, his principal lieutenant, son of Aphrodite, the only major Trojan figure to survive the war. Held by later tradition to be the forefather of the founders of Rome. See the Aeneid. Agenor - a Trojan warrior who attempts to fight Achilles in Book 21. Antenor - a Trojan nobleman who argues that Helen should be returned to Menelaus in order to end the war. Glaucus - co-leader of the Lycian forces allied to the Trojan cause with Sarpedon.
Hector - firstborn son of King Priam, husband of Andromache, father of Astyanax, leader of the Trojan and allied armies and heir apparent to the throne of Troy.
Paris - Trojan prince and Hector's brother, also called Alexander; his abduction of Helen is the casus belli. He was supposed to be killed as a baby because his sister Cassandra foresaw that he would cause the destruction of Troy. Raised by a shepherd.
Polydamas - a young Trojan commander.
Priam - king of the Trojans, son and successor of Laomedon, husband of Queen Hecuba, father of Hector and Paris, too old to take part in the fighting; many of his fifty sons are counted among the Trojan commanders.
Sarpedon - co-leader of the Lycian forces allied to the Trojan cause with Glaucus. Son of Zeus.
Family and Servants of Odysseus
Laertes - father of Odysseus.
Penelope - wife of Odysseus, mother of Telemachus, she is clever and loyal to Odysseus, she is contrasted with Clytemnestra.
Telemachus - son of Odysseus and Penelope, matures during his travels to Sparta and Pylos, fights Penelope's suitors with Odysseus.
Suitors of Penelope
Amphinomus
Antinous
Eurymachus
Mistresses
Briseis - mistress and love interest of Achilles, a woman captured in the sack of Lyrnessos, a small town in the territory of Troy, and awarded to Achilles as a prize; Agamemnon takes her from Achilles in Book 1 and Achilles withdraws from battle as a result. Chryseis - Chryses’ daughter, taken as a war prize by Agamemnon. Helen - daughter of Zeus, former Queen of Sparta and wife of Menelaus, now espoused to Paris.
Deities
Aphrodite - goddess of love, beauty, and sexual pleasure. Wife of Hephaestus, and lover of Ares.
Apollo - god of the sun, light, knowledge, healing, plague and darkness, the arts, music, poetry, prophecy, archery. Son of Zeus and Leto, twin of Artemis.
Ares - god of war. Lover of Aphrodite. Driven from the field of battle by Diomedes (aided by Athena).
Athena - goddess of crafts, domestic arts, strategic warfare, and wisdom. Daughter of Zeus.
Hera - goddess of birth, family, marriage, and women. Sister and wife of Zeus, queen of the gods.
Hermes - messenger of the gods, leads Priam into Achilles' camp in book 24.
Iris - messenger of Zeus and Hera.
Poseidon - brother of Zeus, Greek god of the sea and earthquake, curses Odysseus.
Zeus - king of the Gods, brother of Poseidon and Hera and father of Athena, Aphrodite, Ares, and Apollo.
Ten years have passed since the fall of Troy, and the Greek hero Odysseus still has not returned to his kingdom in Ithaca. A large and rowdy mob of suitors who have overrun Odysseus’s palace and pillaged his land continue to court his wife, Penelope. She has remained faithful to Odysseus. Prince Telemachus, Odysseus’s son, wants desperately to throw them out but does not have the confidence or experience to fight them. One of the suitors, Antinous, plans to assassinate the young prince, eliminating the only opposition to their dominion over the palace. Unknown to the suitors, Odysseus is still alive. The beautiful nymph Calypso, possessed by love for him, has imprisoned him on her island, Ogygia. He longs to return to his wife and son, but he has no ship or crew to help him escape. While the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus debate Odysseus’s future, Athena, Odysseus’s strongest supporter among the gods, resolves to help Telemachus. Disguised as a friend of the prince’s grandfather, Laertes, she convinces the prince to call a meeting of the assembly at which he reproaches the suitors. Athena also prepares him for a great journey to Pylos and Sparta, where the kings Nestor and Menelaus, Odysseus’s companions during the war, inform him that Odysseus is alive and trapped on Calypso’s island. Telemachus makes plans to return home, while, back in Ithaca, Antinous and the other suitors prepare an ambush to kill him when he reaches port. On Mount Olympus, Zeus sends Hermes to rescue Odysseus from Calypso. Hermes persuades Calypso to let Odysseus build a ship and leave. The homesick hero sets sail, but when Poseidon, god of the sea, finds him sailing home, he sends a storm to wreck Odysseus’s ship. Poseidon has harbored a bitter grudge against Odysseus since the hero blinded his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, earlier in his travels. Athena intervenes to save Odysseus from Poseidon’s wrath, and the beleaguered king lands at Scheria, home of the Phaeacians. Nausicaa, the Phaeacian princess, shows him to the royal palace, and Odysseus receives a
warm welcome from the king and queen. When he identifies himself as Odysseus, his hosts, who have heard of his exploits at Troy, are stunned. They promise to give him safe passage to Ithaca, but first they beg to hear the story of his adventures. Odysseus spends the night describing the fantastic chain of events leading up to his arrival on Calypso’s island. He recounts his trip to the Land of the Lotus Eaters, his battle with Polyphemus the Cyclops, his love affair with the witch-goddess Circe, his temptation by the deadly Sirens, his journey into Hades to consult the prophet Tiresias, and his fight with the sea monster Scylla. When he finishes his story, the Phaeacians return Odysseus to Ithaca, where he seeks out the hut of his faithful swineherd, Eumaeus. Though Athena has disguised Odysseus as a beggar, Eumaeus warmly receives and nourishes him in the hut. He soon encounters Telemachus, who has returned from Pylos and Sparta despite the suitors’ ambush, and reveals to him his true identity. Odysseus and Telemachus devise a plan to massacre the suitors and regain control of Ithaca. When Odysseus arrives at the palace the next day, still disguised as a beggar, he endures abuse and insults from the suitors. The only person who recognizes him is his old nurse, Eurycleia, but she swears not to disclose his secret. Penelope takes an interest in this strange beggar, suspecting that he might be her long-lost husband. Quite crafty herself, Penelope organizes an archery contest the following day and promises to marry any man who can string Odysseus’s great bow and fire an arrow through a row of twelve axes—a feat that only Odysseus has ever been able to accomplish. At the contest, each suitor tries to string the bow and fails. Odysseus steps up to the bow and, with little effort, fires an arrow through all twelve axes. He then turns the bow on the suitors. He and Telemachus, assisted by a few faithful servants, kill every last suitor. Odysseus reveals himself to the entire palace and reunites with his loving Penelope. He travels to the outskirts of Ithaca to see his aging father, Laertes. They come under attack from the vengeful family members of the dead suitors, but Laertes, reinvigorated by his son’s return, successfully kills Antinous’s father and puts a stop to the attack. Zeus dispatches Athena to
restore peace. With his power secure and his family reunited, Odysseus’s long ordeal comes to an end.
