REPORT ON STUDY OF POWER GENERATING SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION IN CAPTIVE POWER PLANT PROJECT SUBMITTED TO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT CENTR RASHTRIYA RASHT RIYA ISPAT ISPAT NIGAM LIMITED VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANT PROJECT SUBMITTED BY PAKKI YAMINI SRI CHAKRADHARI.TAMMINANA
K.HEMA VARA LATHA SATYA SATYA PRASAD PRASAD NAY NAYAK D.LAKSHMI D.LAKSHMI SAI PRASANNA
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF MR.SARAT KUMAR TRIPATHY ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER (ELECTRICAL)
Elect!c"l De#"t$e%t T&e$"l #'e #l"%t V!"*&"#"t%"$ V!"*&"#"t%"$ Steel Pl"%t
Department of electrical and electronics engineering
Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology Beside VSEZ,Duvvada,Visakhapatnam VSEZ,Duvvada,Visakhapatnam - 5300!
Certificate "his is to certif# that the Industry-Oriented Mini Project entitled on the REPORT ON T!"# O$ PO%ER &ENER'TIN& #TEM 'N" "ITRI(!TION IN C'PTIVE PO%ER P)'NT has $een %ointl# carried out $#
NAME OF OF THE STUDENT
REGD.NO
PAKKI YAMINI SRI +,L-A+/0, CHAKRADHARI.TAMMINANA
+1L-0A+/+,
K.HEMA VARA LATHA
+1L-0A+/+/
SATYA PRASAD NAYAK +,L-A+/21 D.LAKSHMI SAI PRASANNA +,L-A+/10
&nder m# guidance in partial fulfillment of the re'uirements for the ()ard ()ard of the Degree of Bachelor of "echnolog# in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of *a)aharlal +ehru "echnological &niversit#, &niversit#, akinada during the academic #ear 0..0./
Elect!c"l De#"t$e%t T&e$"l #'e #l"%t V!"*&"#"t%"$ V!"*&"#"t%"$ Steel Pl"%t
Department of electrical and electronics engineering
Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology Beside VSEZ,Duvvada,Visakhapatnam VSEZ,Duvvada,Visakhapatnam - 5300!
Certificate "his is to certif# that the Industry-Oriented Mini Project entitled on the REPORT ON T!"# O$ PO%ER &ENER'TIN& #TEM 'N" "ITRI(!TION IN C'PTIVE PO%ER P)'NT has $een %ointl# carried out $#
NAME OF OF THE STUDENT
REGD.NO
PAKKI YAMINI SRI +,L-A+/0, CHAKRADHARI.TAMMINANA
+1L-0A+/+,
K.HEMA VARA LATHA
+1L-0A+/+/
SATYA PRASAD NAYAK +,L-A+/21 D.LAKSHMI SAI PRASANNA +,L-A+/10
&nder m# guidance in partial fulfillment of the re'uirements for the ()ard ()ard of the Degree of Bachelor of "echnolog# in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of *a)aharlal +ehru "echnological &niversit#, &niversit#, akinada during the academic #ear 0..0./
Mr*'R'T +!M'R TRIP'T,#
Assisant General manager(TPP,VSP) manager(TPP,VSP) External Guide
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The mini project project on “Study o po!er generating generating system and distri"ution in capititi#e po!er plant$ carried out in Visa%hapatnam steel plant or duration o & !ee%s dated rom &'*++ to -++ .e !ould li%e to than% our guide M.T!#"t&3 4"56 Assistant General /anager0Electrical1 /anager0Electrical1 !ho extended his ull support in the completion o this report successully .e !ould li%e to than% the management o Visa%hapatnam Steel Plant !ho has extended their support in completing our mini project .e .e !ould li%e to extend our than%s to the heads o all a ll departments !ho ha#e gi#en their support 2ur special than%s to M.P"7&"*" M.P"7&"*" 4"5 4" 50T3451 !ho made this all happen
PREFACE The Visa%hapatnam Steel Plant !as designed !ay "ac% in late +6-s "ut "y the ime its chie 5onsultants 7 /8 4astur 3 company9s : report report and re#ised re#ised reports !ere accepted in +6; to start construction, it had "ecome the most expensi#e steel plant e#er to "e constructed, designed to produce a"out ' million tones (/t) o processed steel per year
The plant is s0pread across a spra!ling +6, acres (<< %m=)o !hich only *, acres (& % m=) are used so ar The rest is still pristine shru" orest land The company also has a "last urnace grade lime stone capti#e mine at jaggayyapeta, a capti#e mine or dolomite at madharam, a manganese ore capti#e mine at 5heepurupalli >t has also got a mining lease or ri#er sand in ?i#er 5hampa#ati T!o "last urnaces “Goda#ari$ and “@rishna$ !ith an eecti#e #olume o '& m' one o the largest in the country are "uilt !ith ?ussian colla"oration These "last urnaces produces a"out - tonnes o molten iron per day >ts no#el circular cast house !ith our tap holes ensures continuous ta"ooing o hot metal The annual production capacity o these "last urnaces is ' million tones o liBuid iron Three top:"lo!n C4 con#erters,each o +''m' #olume in steel melt shop, produce a total o '- million tones o liBuid steel per annum This liBuid steel thus produced is cast in six, strand "loom casters A special eature in energy conser#ation is the collection o con#erter gas to "e used as a uel in the plant The entire molten steel at VSP is continuously cast at the radial type continuous casting machines resulting in signiDcant energy conser#ation and "etter Buality steel
CONTENT ./ / 3/ / 5/ !/ / 7/ 9/
($stract 0. "hermal 1o)er 1lant 2 ntroduction0 1o)er 4e'uirement///0 Sources of 1o)er//0! (1SEB suppl# net)ork/0 Boilers.3 "ur$o-6enerators///.5 (u8iliaries of "11// 1o)er 6eneration and Distri$ution 5 .0/ slanding of 1o)er 1lant9 ../ :onclusion//3 .
ABSTRACT "he pro%ect titled ;tudy of o.er &enerating system and "istri/ution in Caititi0e Po.er Plant at Visha1aatnam teel Plant2 is carried out at "hermal 1o)er
1lant/ t covers the complete generating s#stem of the 1lant and po)er distri$ution in Vishakapatnam Steel 1lant/ "he main o$%ective of the pro%ect is to stud# the various e'uipments provided for generation and distri$ution of po)er and the process underneath it/ ( generating station )hich converts heat energ# o$tained $# the com$ustion of coal into electrical energ# is kno)n as "hermal 1o)er Station/ ( "hermal po)er plant $asicall# )orks on the principle as seen in 4ankine c#cle/ Steam is produced in the $oiler $# utili
heat o$tained $# com$ustion of coal/ "his steam is used to run the prime movers )he re it gets e8panded/ "his e8panded steam is then condensed in a condenser to $e fed into the $oiler again/ "he prime mover,here the steam tur$ine drives the alternator )hich converts the mechanical energ# of the tur$ine into electrical energ#/ Such t#pes of po)er stations are generall# commissioned )here its main source coal and in a$undance )ater are availa$le
THERMAL POWER PLANT8AN INTRODUCTION "he fact that thermal energ# is the ma%or source of po )er generation itself sho)s "hermal po)er plants= importance in ndia/ >ore than !0? of electrical po)er is produced $# "hermal po)ered steam plants in ndia/ "he steep rise in the demand for po)er demands a larger unit setup )hich re'uires the use of more fuel/ "hese plants are tr#ing to keep the overall cost of po)er generation lo) using modern techni'ues and devices/ n steam po)er plants the heat o$tained $# the com$ustion of fossil fuels @coal, oil or gasA is utili
generators and thus in the generation of electrical energ#/ "he steam tur$ines or steam engines thus used not onl# act as prime movers $ut also as drives for au8iliar# e'uipments such as pumps, fans etc/ "he steam po)er plants ma# $e installed either onl# to generate electrical energ# or electrical energ# generation along )ith steam generation for industrial purposes such as paper mills, sugar mills, chemical )orks, plastic manufacture, food manufacture etc/ 6enerall# "hermal po)er plants are categori
!tility Po.er Plant- 1o)er is produced solel# for the purpose of generation and
supplied to the various kinds of customers through grid/ •
Cati0e Po.er Plant - 1o)er is produced for suppl#ing 'ualit# po)er for the effective
functioning of the actual plant/ mport and e8port of po)er takes place in accordance )ith the load/ "he "hermal po)er plant seen in Vishakapatnam Steel 1lant is a captive po)er plant/ "he po)er re'uirement of VS1 is met through captive generation as )ell as suppl# from (1SEB grid/ Cati0e caacity of TPP in VP 3 456*7 M% • • • •
8 units of 69 M% generation caacity* : unit of 6;*7 M% generation caacity* 4 units of ;*7 M% caacity at (ac1 Pressure Tur/ine tation <(PT=* 4 units of :4 M% caacity at &as E>ansion Tur/ine tation <&ET=*
"he specialit# of this po)er plant is that the energ# from the )aste heat is not )asted/ "he
eat of hot coke from cokeovens are used in B1"S and the gases from $last furnace are used in 6E"S to generate po)er/
POWER RE9UIREMENT ntegrated Steel 1lants are ma%or consumers of electricit#, )ith specific consumption of po)er at around !00-!50 kCh"on of li'uid steel/ "he estimated annual po)er re'uirement of Visakhapatnam Steel 1lant, at full level of production in each shop, is .93 million kCh/ "his corresponds to an average demand of . >C/ "he demand is found to $e >C on an average and !0 >C peak value/ "he estimated energ# consumption and average demand of ma%or shops is given $elo)
,OP
'nnual Energy
'0erage"emand
<:96 1% ,rs*=
4>1
35
/0
:F G ::1
..
.9/5
S+"E4 1H(+"
5
9/0
BH(S" I&4+(:E
.0
/0
S>S G ::>
.!
./5
H>>>
.00
../5
C4>
..7
.3/5
>>S>
.00
../5
:4>1
35
/0
"11
3.0
35/0
(S1
57
9/5
:F>/ S"("F+ G :C1
.3.
.5/0
(&JH(4K SF1S
0
/5
C("E4 S&11HK
.5
/0
"4(II: G F"E4S
./0
"FC+S1
7
3/0
HFSSES
.
./5
TOT')
:?84
44:*9
SOURCES OF POWER 1o)er re'uirement of VS1 is met through captive generation as )ell as suppl# from (1SEB grid/ "he captive capacit# of 0 >C is sufficient to meet all the plant needs in normal operation time/ n case of partial outage of captive generation capacit# due to $reakdo)n, shutdo)n or other reasons, the short fall of po)er is availed from (1SEB grid/ "ur$o 6enerators of VS1 normall# operate in parallel )ith state grid/ E8cess generation over and
a$ove plant load is e8ported to (1SEB/ "he agreement )ith (1SEB provides for a contract demand of .50 >V( and permit e8port of po)er/ "ariff for import, e8port, demand charges, penalties etc/ are stipulated/ Ior purpose of $illing, import and e8port energ# is separatel# metered at >ain 4eceiving Station/
APSEB SUPPLY NETWORK "he 1o)er 6rid :orporation=s Su$-station ad%acent to &kkunagaram is connected to Vi%a#a)ada $# a 00 kV line/ t is also $eing connected to *aipur, Frissa @Eastern 6ridA through D: $ack to $ack arrangement of 500 >C capacit# and $# 00 kV (: dou$le circuit line/ 1o)er is stepped do)n through a 3.5 >V(, 000 kV auto transformer at 1o)er 6rid :orporation Su$-station and is fed to the ad%acent (1SEB s)itching station/ "his s)itching station is also connected to Bommuru and 6a%u)aka su$-stations $# 0 kV dou$le circuit lines/ Bommuru su$-station is connected to generating stations at Vi%a#a)ada, Ho)er Sileru, Vi%%es)aram, akinada and *egurupadu/ 6a%u)aka su$-station is connected to &pper Sileru/ ")o .000 >C "hermal 1o)er Stations are e8pected to come up in the ne8t fe) #ears at
Visakhapatnam and close to steel plant/ 1o)er is supplied to VS1 from (1SEB s)itching station over t)o 0 kV lines on dou$le circuit to)ers/ 1o)er is received at the >ain 4eceiving Station @>4SA located near >ain gate and further distri$uted to various units )ithin the plant/
E:TRA HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (//+ *V) 1o)er from (1SEB is received at >ain 4eceiving Station @>4SA/ "he entire plant is configured as five electrical Hoad Blocks and Step do)n su$-stations are provided in each $lock @designated as HBSS . to 5A )ith 0 kV transformers to step do)n po)er to 33..!/! kV and for further distri$ution as indicated $elo)
T'TION "EI&N'TION
'RE' COVERE"
HBSS. @0..!/! kVA
4>1, :F G ::1, Sinter 1lant, BI
HBSS @0..!/! kVA
BI, S>S, (S1, :4>1, :omp/ ouse-.
@033 kVA
Hadle furnace in S>S
HBSS3 @0.... kVA
>>S>
HBSS @0.... kVA
H>>>, C4>, (u8/ Shops, (dm/ Building and anithi reservoir pump house/
HBSS5 @0..G0.... kVA
"11, 1lant essential categor# loads, B4 G "o)nship pump houses G hospital/
>4S
1lant, "o)nship and construction net)ork/
@033 kVA
HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (--;;<.< *V) ")o 033 kV "ransformers installed at >4S feed po)er to "o)nship step do)n Station through 33 kV ca$les/ ere the voltage is further stepped do)n to .. kV $# t)o nos/ of 33.. kV transformers/ Fut going feeders from this station suppl# po)er at .. kV through ca$les to to)nship net )ork/ .. kV overhead construction po)er lines are connected to this su$-station/ Electric po)er at ..!/! kV stepped do)n at a$ove HBSS stations is distri$uted to smaller Hoad Block Distri$ution Station @HBDSA located in each unit/ 1o)er suppl# to essential categor# loads of various
F:BV:BSI!(ir Blast are used/
MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (BELOW <0+ V) n each shop, to cater to >edium and Ho) voltage load, .. kV.5 V H:SS are
formed/ 1o)er is fed from H:SS to motors, >::, 1o)er Distri$ution Boards @1DBA, Highting Distri$ution Boards @HDBA, ES1 transformers etc/ and for further distri$ution/ "he 3 phase .5 V distri$ution is solidl# earthed neutral s#stem/ 1V: ca$les are used for medium voltage distri$ution generall#/
LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (/0+ V = BELOW) Ho) voltage distri$ution consists of po)er suppl# on single phase to lighting e'uipment, ceiling fans, porta$le hand tools and domestic appliances etc/ Ior safet# reasons, V distri$ution is also provided to cater to hand lamps etc/ in some areas/ 1V: ca$les are used
SCADA "he 0 kV, .. kV and !/! kV distri$ution s#stem is monitored $ # a centrali
MAIN E9UIPMENTS IN TPP "he follo)ing are the e'uipments involved in "11 • • • • •
Boilers "ur$o-generators "ransformers "ur$o-$lo)ers :hemical )ater treatment plant
• • •
:oke Dr# :ooling 1lant @:D:1A $oilers Back 1ressure "ur$ine Station@B1"SA and :ooling Cater 1lant @:C1A -. and 6as E8pansion "ur$ine Station @6E"SA
PROCESS FLOW CHART OF TPP = BH BOILERS +o/ of $oilers
5 @ )orkingN. stand$#A
Steam capacit#
330"onsr
1ressure
.0. ata 50o:
"emperature Iuel
1ulveri
single drum, natural
suspended t#pe, radiant, multiple fuel, corner fired/ :oal for the plant is o$tained from "alcher, Frissa/ Hignite coal is o$tained/ Hignite is porous, has 30-50? moisture, light )eight/ t is stored in coal $unkers @mmediate stock $insA and then ground in coal mills i/e/ pulveri
1rimar# (ir fan s)eeps the pulveri
FUEL COMPARISON Iuel • • • •
:alorific Value
:oal 300 2 500 :al 6 :oke-Fven gas 5 :al +>3 Blast Iurnace 6as 700 :al +>3 Iuel Fil .0000 :al 6
"he )ater input given to the $oiler is deminerali
TURBO8GENERATORS GENERATOR (<+ MW)8 TG>6/6 +o/ of units >ake
3
BEH
"#pe G description
"(4 930-3!1
4ated po)er (ctive
!0000 kC
4ated po)er (pparent 1o)er factor
5000 kV(
0/7
4ated stator voltage
..000 ± 5? Volts
4ated stator current
4ated rotor voltage
300 Volts D:
4ated rotor current
59! (mp
4otational speed
3000 41>
Ire'uenc# c#cles :ritical speed
393! (mp
50 Z
.!5 n., L500 n
:lass of insulation of )inding I (ir gap $et)een stator and rotor 55 mm "#pe of cooling
(ir cooling indirectl#
>a8imum temp/ rise of stator )inding .0F : >a8imum temp/ rise of rotor )inding .30F : Cinding t#pe "ur$ine t#pe
dou$le la#er-)ith 3! slots impulse-reaction @.0A
&ENER'TOR<6;*7 M%=- T&@A
+o/ of units >ake
.
BEH
"#pe G description
"(4 930-3!1
4ated po)er (ctive
!500 kC
4ated po)er (pparent 735 kV( 1o)er factor
0/7
4ated stator voltage
..000 ± 5? Volts
4ated stator current
9 (mp
4ated rotor voltage
300 Volts D:
4ated rotor current
!5 (mp
4otational speed
3000 41>
Ire'uenc# c#cles :ritical speed
50 Z
.!5 n., L500 n
:lass of insulation of )inding I (ir gap $et)een stator and rotor 55 mm "#pe of cooling
(ir cooling indirectl#
>a8imum temp/ rise of stator )inding .0F : >a8imum temp/ rise of rotor )inding .30F :
SYNCHRONISATION ( generator re'uires to $e s#nchronised if it is to $e run in parallel )ith others/ Before it is connected electricall# to energised $us$ar, the follo)ing conditions must $e satisfied/ a/ E'ualit# of voltage $/ E'ualit# of fre'uenc# c/ S#nchronisation of phases Cith these re'uirements fulfilled, there )ill $e no voltage difference $et)een an# corresponding pairs of terminals of machines and $us$ars, so that points can $e electricall#
connected )ithout distur$ance*
ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION (s#nchronous operation of the generation on field failure is allo)ed depending upon the permissi$le degree of the voltage dip and accepta$ilit# of the s#stem from the sta$ilit# point of vie)/ During field failure there are important points to $e noted/ • •
Iield failure )ith under-voltage Iield failure )ithout under-voltage
Iield failure )ith under voltage )ill $e sensed and the machine )ill get tripped )ithout an# dela#/ During field failure )ithout under voltage, active load on the generator shall $e decreased to 0? of rated load immediatel#/ "he generator can operate at 0? of the rated load as#nchronousl# for a total period of .5 minutes from the instant of failure of
e8citation/ Cithin this period, steps should $e taken to esta$lish the reasons of field failure to restore normalc#/ f it cannot $e restored then the set has to $e s)itched off/ "hen the set should s)itched over to the reserve e8citation/
TURBO BLOWERS BLOWERS
8
- (/ W'*!%4 ? St"%@73)
CAPACITY
8
<+<2 $- ;$!%
SPECIAL FEATURES • • •
:onstant Speed )ith E": @Electro #draulic "ur$ine 6overning s#stemA nlet 6uide Vane :ontrol (8ial t#pe largest $lo)ers in ndia/
VS1 has $last furnaces/ "o meet the $last air re'uirement, 3 tur$o $lo)ers, each of !0! nm3min capacit#, are installed at "11/ "hese $lo)ers are of a8ial t#pe and are the largest $lo)ers installed in ndia/ "hese $lo)ers are provided )ith suction filters, pre-coolers and inter-coolers/
AU:ILIARIES OF TPP "hese include coal conve#ors, cooling to)ers and pump houseO for cooling )ater s#stem, pump house for ash )ater, ash slurr#, fire )ater and fuel oil and emergenc# diesel generators, electric s)itch gear for po)er distri$ution, ventilation and air conditioning e'uipment etc/ "he entire po)er generated at Back 1ressure "ur$ine Station @B1"SA and 6as E8pansion "ur$ine Station @6E"SA is transmitted over .. kV ca$les to po)er plant, stepped up through a 0 kV transformer at HBSS5 and transferred to plant grid/
TRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMERS CONNECTED TO <+ MW GENERATORS
"#pe Ff :ooling
Vector group
K+d..
:lass of insulation 1o)er rating
F+(+
I
!3 >V(
1rimar# voltage
.. kV
Secondar# voltage
0 V
TRANSFORMERS CONNECTED TO <2.0 MW GENERATORS
"#pe Ff :ooling
F+(+
Vector 6roup
:lass of insulation 1o)er rating
K+d..
I
90 >V(
1rimar# voltage
.. kV
Secondar# voltage
0V
"here are main t#pes of transformers present in a "hermal 1o)er 1lant vi
6enerator transformer (u8iliar# transformer
( 6enerator "ransformer is one )hich steps up the voltage to the grid for the purpose of distri$ution/ "here are 5 generator transformers of 50,!3,90>V(,0..V rating/ (n (u8iliar# transformer is one )hich steps do)n the voltage for the plant purposes/ "he au8iliar# transformers include 3 H" transformers of ./!>V(,..V.5V rating and ! H" transformers of 0>V(,..!/!V rating/
CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT PLANT "he :hemical Cater "reatment 1lant located in "11 produces high 'ualit# purified Demineralised Cater and soft )ater/ "here are ! streams of de-mineralising units each capa$le of producing .5 m3hr/ softening units of .5 m3hr each is present/ Demineralisation is
done $# the :ation and (nion E8change process/ "his D> )ater is supplied to "11, Steel >elt Shop @S>SA, :D:1 Boilers at :oke Fvens and 4olling mills/ Soft )ater is supplied to :hilled Cater 1lant-, and S>S mould cooling/
BACK PRESSURE TURBINE STATION (BPTS) BPTS GENERATOR (2.0MW) +o/ of units >ake
BEH
"#pe G description
"6+ .7!
4ated po)er (ctive
500 kC
4ated po)er (pparent 1o)er factor
935 kV(
0/7 lag
4ated stator voltage
..000 ± 5? Volts
4ated stator current
9 (mp
4ated rotor voltage
.0 Volts D:
4ated rotor current
59! (mp
4otational speed
3000 41>
Ire'uenc# c#cles
50 Z
:ritical speed
.900 n.
:lass of insulation of )inding B@Stator G4otorA "#pe of cooling
:losed :ircuit (ir cooling
Short :ircuit 4atio
0/!.0
6enerator field 4esistance 0/33P at 0Q:
>oment of nertia of 4otor 6DR .0.tmR >a8/ Short :ircuit "or'ue@for :ouplingA .53!7 kg-m +o/ of 6enerator "erminals
!
6enerator 1hase :onnection 6enerator Brushes Si
Star
for 4ing @ 4ingsA
3 8 3 mm
6rade
>!4
>inimum 1ermissi$le dia of Slip 4ing 30mm >a8/ out put )ith one cooler out of service !5! kV( Volume of cooling (ir 7700mThr Designed for
"ropical :limate
GETS GENERATOR (/MW) TG8 >ake
4&SS(
TG8/
4&SS(
"#pe G description "U-.-3
"U-.-"3
4ated po)er (ctive .000 C
.000C
4ated po)er
.5000 V( .5000V(
1o)er factor 0/7 lag
0/7 lag
4ated stator voltage !300.0500 Volts ..000 Volts 4ated stator current .3575 (mp
7(mps
4ated rotor voltage 303 Volts D: 3 Volts D: 4ated rotor current !70 (mps 0(mps 4otational speed 3000 41>
3000 41>
Ire'uenc# c#cles 50 <
50<
:ritical speeds .0 n., 0 n Efficienc# 9/!
.00n., 700n
9/!
"#pe of cooling :losed :ircuit (ir cooling >ass of 4otor
!970kg
500kg
Stator >ass .500.5300kg 4otor fl# )heel >oment ./ tmR
.5300kg ./tmR
POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION Each generator of group ., and 3 is connected to one section of 6enerator S)itch Board @6SBA/ Each section of 6SB-. is in turn connected )ith each other $# a $us coupler )ith reactor and )ithout reactor scheme/ "he "6O )hich )as added later on to augment po)er position of the plant and to utili
$last furnace top pressure respectivel# to produce po)er/ Sets operating at :F area have a capacit# of /5 >C each and at BI area have a capacit# of ./5 >C each/ Fne set each from :F and BI areas are connected to 6SB- and 6SB-3 respectivel#/ 6SB-. is connected to the plant=s 0 kV circuit at HBSS-5 )ith 3- ..0 kV, 50!3 >V( transformers/ 6SB- and 6SB-3 are connected to plant=s 0 kV circuit at HBSS-5 via a 3 )inding ....0 kV transformer/ 1o)er re'uirement of po)er plant is et $# s)itch $oards namel# 5HBDS and 05VH:-. connected to 3 section of 6SB-./ 5HBDS-is mainl# a .. kV s)itch-$oard )ith 3 sections and caters to the need of various load centres throughout "11/ 05VH:. is a !/! kV load centre )hich meets the re'uirement of " drives/
ISLAND OPERATION SCHEME ( scheme has $een envisaged at "11 to get isolated from the grid in case of s#stem distur$ance or lo) fre'uenc# condition )ith (BB make rela# t#pe I:J . 03$ rela# for some conditions/ Ire'uenc# is considered as the main parameter for this operation as it is highl# relia$le compared to voltage and current/ "he conditions are •
•
Chen a fre'uenc# of /5 < or goes a$ove 5./5 < is sustained for 0/5 seconds, the mainline $reaker )ill trip, isolating the plant=s 0 kV from grid/ "his is called first stage of isolation* Chen the fre'uenc# further drops do)n to !/9 < and is sustained for . second, the .. kV section is cut off from the grid/ "his is called second stage of isolation*
•
f the rate of change of fre'uenc# is <second, sustained for .00 ms, isolation occurs/
POWER DISTRIBUTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT "o meet po)er re'uirement of its au8iliaries an# po)er plant relies on station au8iliar# transformer in case of outage of its generation/ But in the case of "11 )henever such situation occurs, po)er re'uirement of its au8iliaries are met $# the same po)er transformer @)hich are used for po)er evacuation in case of normal generationA through 6enerator s)itch $oard/
GENERATOR SWITCH BOARD 6enerator s)itch$oard, 6SB-. supplied $# itachi, *apan is a .. kV, 500 (, 7/7 (, 3 section $oard, in ((= $a#/ Each !0 >C set is connected to one section of the $oard/ "he $us is provided )ith a $us coupler and a B: )ith 500 (mps reactor $et)een section-. G as )ell as $et)een section- G 3/ Cith all 3 generators in service, the $us can $e operated onl# if B:s )ith reactors are in service/ 1o)er is evacuated through !3 >V( transformer-., G 3 )hich are connected to section-. G 3 of the $oard on .. kV side/ (ll categor#- loads of the steel plant i/e/ Cater suppl#, BI, S>S G :F are connected to
the 6SB through link, reactor and >F:B in addition to earth s)itches/ "here are 3 nos/ of earthing transformers, )hich are used to provide earthing for .. kV s#stem at "11/ (s "6-., G 3 are having floating neutral, t)o out of three earthing transformers )ill $e kept in service/ "he Earthing transformer is of
+ormal value of (ir pressure at $reakers
+ormal value of SI! pressure at $reakers 5 gcm +ormal value of air pressure at compressor
30 gcm
0LBDS2 SWITCH BOARD 5HBDS , BEH make s)itch-$oard is .. kV distri$ution station located in (=(Y $a# of anne8ure $uilding/ "his $oard is divided in 3 section/ Each section is connected to respective section of 6SB-. through .. kV feeder/ "here is a provision of $us coupler $et)een section . G
as )ell as $et)een section- G 3 as )ell as $et)een Section- G 3 of 5HBDS- s)itch $oard, )hich can $e put in service in case of necessit#/ Irom this $oard .. kV feeders are distri$uted to various transformer su$stations 5H:. to 5H:.3 and 5:H:./ "hese su$stations cater to po)er suppl# re'uirements of various au8iliar# units of po)er plant/ (ll the $reakers are of >F:Bs e8cept ncomers , Buscouplers , H: .3 feeders, Station Service transformers of "6- G 5 VH:-. feeders )hich are vacuum $reakers/ Different su$stations fed from 5HBDS- are listed $elo)/ 0. 5H:.
Boiler H" au8iliaries, "6, "B au8iliaries
0 5H:
:oal handling, (:DB, Ventilation, air-conditioning G cranes
03 5H:3
(sh )ater pump house
0 5H:
:ooling to)ers
05 5H:5
:hemical )ater treatment plant and de)atering plant
0! 5H:!
1ump house G H" au8iliaries
0 5H:
:hilled )ater plant-
07 5H:7
(sh slurr# pump house
09 5H:9
ES1-. G ES1-
.0 5H:.0
ES1-3 G ES1-
.. 5H:..
ES1-5
. 5H:.
Highting
.3 5H:.3
:ooling to)er @e8tensionA
.
Station au8iliar# transformer feeder for "6-
.5 5VH:.
:ooling )ater pumps in 1-/
+0HVLC LOAD CENTRE "his is a !/! kV s)itch $oard located in (=((Y $a# of anne8ure $uilding/ "his is a high voltage transformer station provided )ith 3 num$ers of .. kV!/! kV, .! >V(0 >V( transformers/ "hese transformers designated as "ransformer-., "ransformer- and
"ransformer-3 are getting their incoming .. kV suppl# from 6SB-. Section-., Section- and Section- respectivel#/ "his su$station is a triple ended su$station )ith $us section/ Section-. is fed from secondar# of transformer-., ncomer- G ncomer-3/ "here is a $us coupler $et)een Section-. and Section- and another $us coupler $et)een Section- and Section-V as sho)n in single line diagram/ "his su$station caters to " au8iliaries of all 5 $oilers and BI1s distri$uted over " >::s of 5 Boilers/ "his s)itch$oard is ver# critical for ver# survival of po)er plant/
ELECTRICAL SHOCK Electricit# is an ideal form of energ# )hich is efficient, economical, clean and 'uick, availa$le at the touch of finger/ o)ever, it is 'uicker and more efficient in causing damage if safet# aspects are not properl# follo)ed/ "o those )ho are unskilled and ine8perienced in electrical )ork, electricit# is a serious source of potential danger/ Electrical haS should $e considered dangerous and ha
a
o o o o
n the second categor# are 1erson falling from height Dropping of o$%ects
o o
SHOCKS Ce e8perience an electric shock )hen the $od#s nervous s#stem is suddenl# and accidentall# stimulated $# electric current that )ill flo) due to difference in voltage/ Shocks occur )hen the $od# $ecomes part of an electric circuit/ "he current enters the $od# at one point and leaves at other/ t ma# occur in one of the follo)ing three )a#s o o o
Cith $oth )ires of an electric circuit Cith one )ire of an energised circuit and the ground/ Cith a metallic part that is in contact )ith an energised )ire/
"he severit# of shock depends on the follo)ing factors o o o o
"he flo) of current through the $od#@magnitudeA "he path of current through the $od#@resistanceA "he length of time the $od# is in the circuit@durationA "he $od# resistance lies in the skin/ t is a$out 500 for a large and )et skin surface and more than .0000 for thick G calloused skin/
: m'
:auses no in%ur# $ut sensation and varies from 0/! m( and ./5 m(/
:auses tingling, heat and pain/ (dult is una$le to let it go/ Iorearm :9 m' muscles are held in tight contraction/ 49-A9m' ma#
:hest muscles held in contraction and respiration ceases to function/ "his
