FOOT STEP POWER GENERATING SYSTEM A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by SREEKUMAR.K(21207106310) VINU VISWANATH(21207106311) AJEESH.V.RAJAN(21207106003)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR
OF ENGINEERING in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SRIPERUM BUDUR
ANNA UNIVERSITY: UNIVERSITY: : CHENNAI 600 025 APRIL 2011
ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report ³FOOT STEP POWER GENERATING SYSTEM´ is the bonafidework of ³SREE KUMAR.K, VINU VISWANATH, AJEESH.V.RAJAN´ who carried out the project work under
my supervision.
SIGNATURE
SIGNATURE
Mr. SUMAN MISHRA M.E,(Ph.d).,
Mr. SUMAN MISHRA
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
SUPERVISOR
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of ECE Department of ECE Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Sriperumbudur - 602 105 Sriperumbudur - 602 105
INTERNAL EXAMINER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to make a special mention of the following people without whose help this project would have notbeen completed. First we render our thanks to Almighty God to give us the strength for completing this project.
We are grateful toOurParents for their care,love,support and prayers.We take this opportunity to express ourgratitudeand thanks to Dr.G.Georgeour General Secretary
and
Correspondent
for
his
valuable
thoughts
and
consistent
encouragement.We like to acknowledge the support given to us by our and also special thanks to our Principal Dr. Arocky Raj for his guidance.Special thanks to the Dean of our college DrVasuElaveetil for his guidance. We express our sincere gratitude to Mr.Suman Mishra,Head of the Electronics and Communication Department Engineering and our project coordinator Mr.Madhu for his valuable suggestions and technical guidance.
We specially thank Mr.Suman Mishra,our internal guide for giving us an opportunity to do thisproject and also other staff members who gave us support,encouragement and suggestion which had helped to make the right choice at this juncture of our career.
ABSTRACT
In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional
method by simply walking or running on the foot step . Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy into the electrical energy.
This project using simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assemble and chain drive mechanism.
For this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and inverter control.
The D.C generator used in this project is Permanent Magnet D.C generator.
The Generator is coupled to the Ply wheel Shaft with the help of Spur Gear Mechanism.
The Output of the generator is 12 Volts. This 12 Volt is stored in a 7 AmpHour Battery.
The battery type is Lead-Acid battery
The battery is connected to the inverter which is used to convert the D.C 12
Volt to the 230 Volt A.C.
By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is increased.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 MOTIVATION:
Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago. Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted.
With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added a new dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy.
1.2 AIMS:
The main purpose of our project is
1.The "Crowd would work something like this A responsive sub-flooring system would be placed under, say, the platform of a subway terminal. The blocks that make up the system would depress slightly under the force of
human footsteps. As the blocks slipped against each other, they would generate power in the form of an electric current. 2. The electric current could be used, among other things, to light up signs about the energy created by the pedestrians, the creators say. People should understand the direct relationship between their movement and the energy produced," said cocreator Thaddeus Jusczyk. 3.While the Crowd Farm wouldn't work in the home (a single human step generates only enough power to light two 60-watt light bulbs for one second), it could really draw some power from a crowd producing thousands of steps .
CHAPTER 2 EXISTNG SYSTEM
Other people have developed piezo-electric ( mechanical-to-electrical) surfaces in the past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a sense of fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement. The Crowd Farm floor is composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. like capable of
harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation.
CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED SYSTEM NEED FOR THE SYSTEM:
Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock. This whole human/bioenergy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy sources in crowdedcountries. Walking across a "Crowd Farm," floor, then,will be a fun for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such farms with earning. The electrical energy generated at such farms will be useful for near by applications.
FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION MODEL
HARDWARE EREQUIREMENTS:
FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT DC GENERATOR BATTERY INVERTER LIGHT LOAD
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The complete diagram of the foot step power generation is given above.
Only one step is inclined in certain small angle which is used to generate the power.
The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper driving arrangement.
The rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the inclined step.
The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing the load.
The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings as shown in fig.
The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running the same speed of pinion.
The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle).
This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller sprocket.
The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger sprocket.
This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft.
The flywheel is used to increase the rpm of the smaller sprocket shaft.
The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another gear wheel.
The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator.
The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C.
This D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery.
The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C.
This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is increased
BLOCK
FOOT STEP
DIAGRAM
RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT
ARRANGE MENT
DC GENERATOR
INVERTER
BATTERY
ADC
ON/
AT89C51
OFF
MICRO
RELAY
EXPLANATION: CONTROLLER LCD
FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT:
LIGHT LOAD
A Crowd Energy Farm would work like this: a responsive sub-flooring system made up of blocks that depress slightly under the force of human steps would be installed beneath the walking lobby. The slippage of the blocks against one another as people walked would generate power through the principle of the dynamo, a device that converts the energy of motion into that of an electric current. The Crowd Farm is not intended for home use as a single human step can only power two 60W light bulbs for one flickering second. But get a crowd in motion, multiply that single step by 28,527 steps, for example, and t he result is enough energy to power a moving train for one second. And while the farm is over crowded with moving population, the dynamo-floor principle can be applied to capture energy at large levels. Greater movement of people will generate more energy.
RACK AND PINION ARRANGEMENT:
A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. The circular pinion engages teeth on a
linear "gear" bar±the
rack .
Rotational motion applied to the pinion will cause the
rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel.
CHAIN SPROCKET:
A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
Here the rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the inclined step. The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger
sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft.
DC GENERATOR: In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor, motors and generators have many similarities. A generator forces electrons in the windings to flow through the external electrical circuit. It is somewhat analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create the water inside. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or any other sources of mechanical energy.The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another gear wheel. The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C.
BATTERY: The D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is increasedBattery cell consists of five major components, electrodes-anode and cathode, separators, terminals, electrolyte and a case or enclosure. Battery cells are grouped together into a single
mechanical and electrical unit called a battery module. These modules are electrically connected to form a battery pack which powers the electronic drive system.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
