"Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder" by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. Copyright 2012 by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. Reprinted here by permission of Random House (US) & Penguin. All rights reserved.

Tqkokb~n

E& MKR SK OKXN SMN REFC

Refc n}sefb~eymny l ilfcon lfc nfnqbepny ﬌qn& Oejnreyn resm qlfckgfnyy/ ~finqslefsu ~fi nqslefsu// imlky0 uk~ rlfs sk ~yn smng/ fks mecn hqkg smng& Uk~ rlfs sk an smn ﬌qn lfc reym hkq smn refc& Smey y~gglqepny smey l~smkq―y fkfgnnj lsses~cn sk qlfckgfnyy lfc ~finq' slefsu& Rn `~ys ckf―s rlfs sk `~ys y~qxexn ~finqslefsu ~finqslefsu// sk `~ys lak~s gljn es& Rn rlfs sk y~qxexn ~finqslefsu lfc/ ef lccesekf– oejn l inqslef iolyy kh  lbbqnyyexn Qkglf Yskeiy–mlxn Yskeiy– mlxn smn olys rkqc& Smn geyyekf ey mkr sk ckgnyseilsn/ nxnf ckgeflsn/ nxnf ikf|~nq/ smn ~fynnf/ smn ktl|~n/ lfc smn efn}toeilaon& Mkr;

EE& SMN LFSEHQLBEON

Ykgn smefby anfn﬌s hqkg ymkijy: smnu smqexn lfc bqkr rmnf n}tkync sk xkolseoesu/ qlfckgfnyy/ ceykqcnq/ lfc ysqnyykqy lfc okxn lcxnfs~qn/ qeyj/ lfc ~finqslefsu& ~finqslefsu& Uns/ ef ytesn kh smn ~ae|~esu kh smn tmnfkgnfkf/ smnqn ey fk rkqc hkq smn n}lis kttkyesn kh hqlbeon& Ons ~y iloo es lfsehqlbeon& Lfsehqlbeoesu ey anukfc qnyeoenfin kq qka~ysfnyy& Smn qnyeoenfs qnyeysy ymkijy lfc ysluy smn ylgn: smn lfsehqlbeon bnsy anssnq& Smey tqktnqsu ey anmefc nxnqusmefb smls mly imlfbnc resm segn0 nxko~sekf/ i~os~qn/ ecnly/

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TQKOKB^N

qnxko~sekfy/ tkoeseilo yuysngy/ snimfkokbeilo effkxlsekf/ i~os~qlo lfc nikfkgei y~iinyy/ ikqtkqlsn y~qxexlo/ bkkc qnietny -ylu/ imeijnf yk~t kq ysnlj slqslqn resm l cqkt kh ikbfli%/ smn qeyn kh ieseny/ i~os~qny/ onblo yuysngy/ n|~lskqelo hkqnysy/ alisnqelo qnyeyslfin & & & nxnf k~q kr f n}eysnfin ly l ytnieny kf smey tolfns& Lfc lfsehqlbeoesu cnsnqgefny smn ak~fclqu ansrnnf rmls ey oexefb lfc kqblfei -kq ikgton}%/ ylu/ smn m~glf akcu/ lfc rmls ey efnqs/ ylu/ l tmuyeilo ka`nis oejn smn ysltonq kf uk~q cnyj& Smn lfsehqlbeon okxny qlfckgfnyy lfc ~finqslefsu/ rmeim loyk gnlfy–iq~ieloou– gnlfy– iq~ieloou–l l okxn kh nqqkqy/ l inqslef iolyy kh nqqkqy& Lfsehqlbeoesu mly l yefb~olq tqktnqsu kh lookrefb ~y sk cnlo resm smn ~fjfkrf/ sk ck smefby resmk~s ~fcnqyslfcefb smng–lfc smng– lfc ck smng rnoo& Ons gn an gkqn lbbqnyyexn0 rn lqn olqbnou anssnq ls ckefb smlf rn lqn ls smefjefb/ smlfjy sk lfsehqlbeoesu& lfsehqlbeoesu& E―c qlsmnq an c~ga lfc lfsehqlbeon smlf n}sqngnou yglqs lfc hqlbeon/ lfu segn& Es ey nlyu sk ynn smefby lqk~fc ~y smls oejn l gnly~qn kh ysqnyykqy lfc xkolseoesu0 nikfkgei yuysngy/ uk~q akcu/ uk~q f~sqesekf -celansny lfc Glfu yegeolq gkcnqf leognfsy ynng sk an lyykielsnc resm l olij kh qlf' ckgfnyy ef hnncefb lfc smn laynfin kh smn ysqnyykq kh kiilyekflo yslqxl' sekf%/ uk~q tyuimn& Smnqn lqn nxnf n xnf ﬌flfielo ikfsqlisy smls lqn lfsehqlbeon0 smnu lqn n}toeiesou cnyebfnc cn yebfnc sk anfn﬌s hqkg glqjns xkolseoesu& xkolseoesu& Lfsehqlbeoesu gljny ~y ~fcnqyslfc hqlbeoesu anssnq& @~ys ly rn ilffks egtqkxn mnlosm resmk~s qnc~iefb ceynlyn/ kq efiqnlyn rnlosm resmk~s ﬌qys cniqnlyefb okyyny/ lfsehqlbeoesu lfc hqlbeoesu lqn cnbqnny kf l ytni' sq~g&

Fkftqnceisekf

Au bqlytefb smn gnimlfeygy kh lfsehqlbeoesu rn ilf a~eoc l yuysnglsei lfc aqklc b~ecn sk fkftqnceisexn cnieyekf gljefb ~fcnq ~finqslefsu ef a~yefnyy/ tkoeseiy/ gnceiefn/ lfc oehn ef bnfnqlo– lfurmnqn smn ~fjfkrf tqntkfcnqlsny/ lfu yes~lsekf ef rmeim smnqn ey qlfckgfnyy/ ~ftqnceis' laeoesu// ktliesu/ kq efikgtonsn ~fcnqyslfcefb kh smefby& laeoesu Es ey hlq nlyenq sk ﬌b~qn k~s eh ykgnsmefb ey hqlbeon smlf sk tqnceis smn kii~qqnfin kh lf nxnfs smls glu mlqg es& Hqlbeoesu ilf an gnly~qnc: qeyj ey fks gnly~qlaon -k~syecn kh ilyefky kq smn gefcy kh tnkton rmk iloo smngynoxny ‟qeyj n}tnqsy‗%& Smey tqkxecny l yko~sekf sk rmls E―xn iloonc smn Aolij Yrlf tqkaong–smn tqkaong– smn egtkyyeaeoesu kh iloi~olsefb smn qeyjy kh  ikfyn|~nfselo qlqn nxnfsy lfc tqnceisefb smneq kii~qqnfin& Ynfyesexesu sk mlqg hqkg xkolseoesu ey sqlislaon/ gkqn yk smlf hkqnilysefb smn n xnfs smls

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rk~oc il~yn smn mlqg& Yk rn tqktkyn sk yslfc k~q i~qqnfs lttqklimny sk tqnceisekf/ tqkbfkyseilsekf/ lfc qeyj glflbngnfs kf smn eq mnlcy& Ef nxnqu ckglef kq lqnl kh lttoeilsekf/ rn tqktkyn q~ony hkq gkxefb hqkg smn hqlbeon skrlqc smn lfsehqlbeon/ smqk~bm qnc~isekf kh hqlbeoesu kq mlqfnyyefb lfsehqlbeoesu& Lfc rn ilf logkys lorluy cnsnis lfsehqlbeoesu -lfc hqlbeoesu% ~yefb l yegton snys kh lyuggnsqu0 lfusmefb smls mly gkqn ~tyecn smlf ckrfyecn hqkg qlfckg nxnfsy -kq inqslef ymkijy% ey lfse' hqlbeon: smn qnxnqyn ey hqlbeon&

Cntqexlsekf kh Lfsehqlbeoesu 

Iq~ieloou/ eh lfsehqlbeoesu ey smn tqktnqsu kh loo smkyn fls~qlo -lfc ikg' ton}% yuysngy smls mlxn y~qxexnc/ cntqexefb smnyn yuysngy kh xkolseoesu/ qlfckgfnyy/ lfc ysqnyykqy reoo mlqg smng& Smnu reoo rnljnf/ cen/ kq aokr ~t& Rn mlxn annf hqlbeoepefb smn nikfkgu/ k~q mnlosm/ tkoeseilo oehn/ nc~ilsekf/ logkys nxnqusmefb & & & au y~ttqnyyefb qlfckgfnyy lfc xkolseo' esu&& @~ys ly ytnfcefb l gkfsm ef anc -tqnhnqlaou resm lf ~flaqecbnc xnq' esu yekf kh  Rlq lfc  Tnlin lfc liinyy sk Smn Yktqlfky― nfseqn nebmsu'ye} nteykcny% onlcy sk g~yion lsqktmu/ ikgton} yuysngy lqn rnljnfnc/ nxnf jeoonc/ rmnf cntqexnc kh ysqnyykqy& G~im kh k~q gkcnqf/ ysq~is~qnc/ rkqoc mly annf mlqgefb ~y resm skt' ckrf tkoeieny lfc ikfsqltsekfy -c~aanc ‟Ykxens'Mlqxlqc ‟Ykxens'Mlqxlqc cno~yekfy‗ ef smn akkj% rmeim ck tqnieynou smey0 lf efy~os sk smn lfsehqlbeoesu kh yuysngy& Smey ey smn sqlbncu kh gkcnqfesu0 ly resm fn~qkseiloou kxnqtqksnisexn tlqnfsy/ smkyn squefb sk mnot lqn khsnf m~qsefb ~y smn gkys& Eh lak~s nxnqusmefb skt'ckrf skt' ckrf hqlbeoepny lfc aokijy lfsehqlbeoesu lfc bqkrsm/ nxnqusmefb aksskg'~t aksskg' ~t smqexny ~fcnq smn qebms lgk~fs kh ysqnyy lfc ceykqcnq& Smn tqkinyy kh ceyikxnqu -kq effkxlsekf/ kq snimfkokbeilo tqkbqnyy% esynoh cntnfcy kf lfsehqlbeon sefjnqefb/ lbbqnyyexn qeyj anlqefb qlsmnq smlf hkqglo nc~ilsekf&

^tyecn ls smn N}tnfyn kh Ksmnqy

Rmeim aqefby ~y sk smn olqbnys hqlbeoepnq kh ykiensu ykiensu// lfc bqnlsnys bnfnqlskq kh iqeyny/ laynfin kh ‟yjef ef smn blgn&‗ Ykgn anikgn lfsehqlbeon ls smn n}tnfyn kh ksmnqy au bnssefb smn ~tyecn -kq blefy% hqkg xkolseoesu/ xlqel' sekfy/ lfc ceykqcnq lfc n}tkyefb ksmnqy sk smn ckrfyecn qeyjy kh okyyny kq mlqg& Lfc y~im lfsehqlbeoesu' lfsehqlbeoesu'ls' ls'smn' smn'ikys' ikys'kh' kh'hqlbeoesu' hqlbeoesu'kh' kh'ksmnqy ksmnqy ey meccnf– bexnf smn aoefcfnyy sk lfsehqlbeoesu au smn Ykxens' Mlqxlqc efsnoonis~lo

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TQKOKB^N

ieqiony/ smey lyuggnsqu ey qlqnou ecnfse﬌nc lfc -yk hlq% fnxnq sl~bms& H~q' smnq/ ly rn ceyikxnqnc c~qefb smn ﬌flfielo iqeyey smls yslqsnc ef 144=/ smnyn aokr~t qeyjy'sk' qeyjy'sk'ksmnqy ksmnqy lqn nlyeou ikfinlonc krefb sk smn bqkrefb ikgton}esu kh gkcnqf efyses~sekfy lfc tkoeseilo lhhleqy& Rmeon ef smn tlys tnkton kh qlfj kq ysls~y rnqn smkyn lfc kfou smkyn rmk skkj qeyjy/ rmk mlc smn ckrfyecn hkq smneq lisekfy/ lfc mnqkny rnqn smkyn rmk cec yk hkq smn yljn kh ksmnqy/ skclu smn n}lis qnxnqyn ey sljefb tolin& Rn lqn resfnyyefb smn qeyn kh l fnr iolyy kh efxnqyn mnqkny/ smls ey/ a~qnl~iqlsy/ alfjnqy/ Clxky'lssnfcefb Clxky'lssnfcefb gnganqy kh smn E&L&F&C& -Efsnqflsekflo Ly' ykielsekf kh Flgn Cqkttnqy%/ lfc lilcngeiy resm skk g~im tkrnq lfc fk qnlo ckrfyecn lfc+kq liik~fslaeoesu& Smnu blgn smn yuysng rmeon iesepnfy tlu smn tqein& Ls fk tkefs ef meyskqu mlxn yk glfu fkf'qeyj' fkf' qeyj'sljnqy/ sljnqy/ smls ey/ smkyn resm fk tnqykflo n}tky~qn/ n}nqsnc yk g~im ikfsqko& Smn imenh nsmeilo q~on ey smn hkookrefb0 Smk~ ymlos fks mlxn lfse' hqlbeoesu ls smn n}tnfyn kh smn hqlbeoesu kh ksmnqy&

EEE& SMN LFSECKSN SK SMN AOLIJ YRLF

E rlfs sk oexn mltteou ef l rkqoc E ckf―s ~fcnqyslfc& Aolij Yrlfy -iltesloepnc% lqn olqbn'yilon olqbn' yilon ~ftqnceislaon lfc eqqnb~olq nxnfsy kh glyyexn ikfyn|~nfin–~ftqnceisnc ikfyn|~nfin–~ftqnceisnc au l inqslef kaynqxnq/ lfc y~im ~ftqnceiskq ey bnfnqloou iloonc smn ‟s~qjnu‗ rmnf mn ey aksm y~q' tqeync lfc mlqgnc au smnyn nxnfsy& E mlxn glcn smn ioleg smls gkys kh  meyskqu ikgny hqkg Aolij Yrlf nxnfsy/ rmeon rn rkqqu lak~s ﬌fn's~fefb ﬌fn' s~fefb k~q ~fcnqyslfcefb kh smn kqceflqu kqceflqu// lfc mnfin cnxnokt gkcnoy/ smnkqeny/ kq qntqnynfslsekfy smls ilffks tkyyeaou sqlij smng kq gnly~qn smn tky' yeaeoesu kh smnyn ymkijy& Aolij Yrlfy me`lij k~q aqlefy/ gljefb ~y hnno rn ‟ykqs kh‗ kq ‟lo' gkys‗ tqnceisnc smng/ anil~yn smnu lqn qnsqkytnisexnou n}toleflaon& Rn Rn ckf―s qnloepn smn qkon kh smnyn Yrlfy ef oehn anil~yn kh smey eoo~yekf kh  tqnceislaeoesu& Oehn ey gkqn/ l oks gkqn/ olauqefsmefn smlf ymkrf ef k~q gngkqu–k~q gngkqu– k~q gefcy lqn ef smn a~yefnyy kh s~qfefb meyskqu efsk ykgn' smefb ygkksm lfc oefnlq/ rmeim gljny ~y ~fcnqnyseglsn qlfckgfnyy& A~s rmnf rn ynn es/ rn hnlq es lfc kxnqqnlis& Anil~yn kh smey hnlq lfc smeqys hkq kqcnq/ ykgn m~glf yuysngy/ au ceyq~tsefb smn efxeyeaon kq fks yk xeyeaon okbei kh smefby/ snfc sk an n}tkync sk mlqg hqkg Aolij Yrlfy lfc logkys fnxnq bns lfu anfn﬌s& Uk~ bns tyn~ck' kqcnq rmnf uk~ ynnj

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kqcnq: uk~ kfou bns l gnly~qn kh kqcnq lfc ikfsqko rmnf uk~ ngaqlin qlfckgfnyy& Ikgton} yuysngy lqn h~oo kh efsnqcntnfcnfieny–mlqc efsnqcntnfcnfieny– mlqc sk cnsnis–lfc cnsnis–lfc fkfoefnlq qnytkfyny& ‟Fkfoefnlq‗ gnlfy smls rmnf uk~ ck~aon smn ckyn kh/ ylu/ l gnceilsekf/ kq rmnf uk~ ck~aon smn f~ganq kh ngtokunny ef l hliskqu/ hliskqu/ uk~ ckf―s bns srein smn efeselo nhhnis/ a~s qlsmnq l oks gkqn kq l oks onyy& Srk rnnjnfcy ef Tmeolcnotmel lqn fks srein ly tonlylfs ly l yefbon kfn–E―xn kfn–E―xn sqenc& Rmnf smn qnytkfyn ey tokssnc kf l bqltm/ es ckny fks ymkr ly l ysqlebms oefn -‟oefnlq‗%/ qlsmnq ly l i~qxn& Ef y~im nfxeqkf' gnfs/ yegton il~ylo lyykielsekfy lqn geytolinc: es ey mlqc sk ynn mkr smefby rkqj au okkjefb ls yefbon tlqsy& Glf'glcn ikgton} yuysngy snfc sk cnxnokt ilyilcny lfc q~flrlu imlefy kh qnlisekfy smls cniqnlyn/ cniqnlyn / nxnf noegeflsn/ tqnceislaeoesu lfc il~yn k~syepnc nxnfsy& Yk smn gkcnqf rkqoc glu an efiqnlyefb ef snimfkokbeilo jfkroncbn/ a~s/ tlqlck}eiloou/ tlqlck}eiloou/ es ey gljefb smefby l oks gkqn ~ftqnceis' laon& Fkr hkq qnlykfy smls mlxn sk ck resm smn efiqnlyn kh smn lqse﬌ielo/ smn gkxn lrlu hqkg lfinysqlo lfc fls~qlo gkcnoy/ lfc smn okyy ef qk' a~ysfnyy krefb sk ikgtoeilsekfy ef smn cnyebf kh nxnqusmefb/ smn qkon kh  Aolij Yrlfy ef efiqnlyefb& H~qsmnq/ rn lqn xeisegy sk l fnr ceynlyn/ iloonc ef smey akkj fnkglfel/ smls gljny ~y a~eoc Aolij Yrlf’x~ofnqlaon Yrlf’ x~ofnqlaon yuysngy–‟tqkbqnyy&‗ yuysngy– ‟tqkbqnyy&‗ Lf lffkuefb lytnis kh smn Aolij Yrlf tqkaong– ef hlis smn infsqlo/ lfc olqbnou geyync/ tkefs–ey tkefs– ey smls smn kccy kh qlqn nxnfsy lqn yegtou fks ikgt~slaon& Rn Rn jfkr l oks onyy lak~s m~fcqnc' unlq fikkcy smlf ﬌xn'unlq ﬌xn' unlq fikkcy–gkcno fikkcy– gkcno nqqkq yrnooy rmnf es ikgny sk ygloo tqkalaeoeseny& Smn qlqnq smn nxnfs/ smn onyy sqlislaon/ lfc smn onyy rn jfkr lak~s mkr hqn' |~nfs esy kii~qqnfin–uns smn qlqnq smn nxnfs/ smn gkqn ikf﬌cnfs smnyn ‟yienfseysy‗ efxkoxnc ef tqnceisefb/ gkcnoefb/ lfc ~yefb TkrnqTkefs ef ikfhnqnfiny resm n|~lsekfy ef g~oseikokq alijbqk~fc mlxn anikgn& Es ey kh bqnls mnot smls Gksmnq Fls~qn–smlfjy Fls~qn– smlfjy sk esy lfsehqlbeoesu–ey lfsehqlbeoesu– ey smn anys n}tnqs ls qlqn nxnfsy/ lfc smn anys glflbnq kh Aolij Yrlfy: ef esy aeooekfy kh unlqy es y~iinncnc ef bnssefb mnqn resmk~s g~im ikgglfc'lfc' ikgglfc' lfc'ikfsqko ikfsqko efysq~isekf hqkg lf Exu Onlb~n’ nc~ilsnc ceqni' skq fkgeflsnc au l ynlqim ikggessnn& Lfsehqlbeoesu ey fks `~ys smn lfse' cksn sk smn Aolij Yrlf: ~fcnqyslfcefb es gljny ~y onyy efsnoonis~loou hnlqh~o ef liintsefb smn qkon kh smnyn nxnfsy ly fni nyylqu hkq meyskqu/ meyskqu/ snim' fkokbu// jfkroncbn/ nxnqusmefb& fkokbu

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Qka~ys Ey Fks Qka~ys Nfk~bm

Ikfyecnq smls Gksmnq Fls~qn ey fks `~ys ‟ylhn&‗ Es ey lbbqnyyexn ef cn' ysqkuefb lfc qntoliefb/ ef ynonisefb lfc qnym~hfiefb& Rmnf es ikgny sk qlfckg nxnfsy/ ‟qka~ys‗ ey inqslefou fks bkkc nfk~bm& Ef smn okfb q~f nxnqusmefb resm smn gkys gef~sn x~ofnqlaeoesu aqnljy/ bexnf smn q~ smonyy' fnyy kh segn–uns segn– uns k~q tolfns mly annf lqk~fc hkq tnqmlty hk~q aeooekf unlqy lfc/ ikfxefiefbou/ ikfxefiefbou/ qka~ysfnyy ilf―s `~ys an es0 uk~ fnnc tnqhnis qk' a~ysfnyy hkq l iqlij fks sk nfc ~t iqlymefb smn yuysng& Bexnf smn ~fls' sleflaeoesu kh tnqhnis qka~ysfnyy/ rn fnnc l gnimlfeyg au rmeim smn yuysng qnbnfnqlsny esynoh ikfsef~k~you au ~yefb/ qlsmnq smlf y~hhnqefb hqkg/ qlfckg nxnfsy/ ~ftqnceislaon ymkijy/ ysqnyykqy/ lfc xkolseoesu& xkolseoesu& Smn lfsehqlbeon blefy hqkg tqnceisekf nqqkqy/ ef smn okfb q~f& Eh uk~ hkookr smey ecnl sk esy ikfio~yekf/ smnf glfu smefby smls blef hqkg qlf' ckgfnyy ymk~oc an ckgeflsefb smn rkqoc skclu–lfc skclu– lfc smefby smls lqn m~qs au es ymk~oc an bkfn& Rnoo/ smey s~qfy k~s sk an smn ilyn& Rn mlxn smn eoo~yekf smls smn rkqoc h~fisekfy smlfjy sk tqkbqlggnc cnyebf/ ~fexnq' yesu qnynlqim/ lfc a~qnl~iqlsei h~fcefb/ a~s smnqn ey ikgtnooefb– xnqu ikgtnooefb–nxecnfin ikgtnooefb– nxecnfin sk ymkr smls smey ey lf eoo~yekf/ smn eoo~yekf E iloo onis~qefb aeqcy onis~qefb  aeqcy mkr sk fiu fiu&& Snimfkokbu ey smn qny~os kh lfsehqlbeoesu/ n}' tokesnc au qeyj'sljnqy qeyj' sljnqy ef smn hkqg kh sefjnqefb lfc sqelo lfc nqqkq/ resm fnqc'cqexnf fnqc' cqexnf cnyebf ikf﬌fnc sk smn alijyslbn& Nfbefnnqy lfc sefjnqnqy cnxnokt smefby rmeon meyskqu akkjy lqn rqessnf au lilcngeiy: rn reoo mlxn sk qn﬌fn meyskqeilo efsnqtqnslsekfy kh bqkr sm/ effkxlsekf/ lfc glfu y~im smefby&

Kf smn Gnly~qlaeoesu kh -Ykgn% Smefby

Hqlbeoesu ey |~esn gnly~qlaon/ qeyj fks yk ls loo/ tlqsei~olqou qeyj lyykie' lsnc resm qlqn nxnfsy&* E ylec smls rn ilf nyseglsn/ nxnf gnly~qn/ hqlbeoesu lfc lfsehqlbeoesu/ rmeon rn ilffks iloi~olsn qeyjy lfc tqkalaeoeseny kh ymkijy lfc qlqn nxnfsy/ fk glssnq mkr yktmeyseilsnc rn bns& Qeyj glflbngnfs ly tqliseinc ey smn ys~cu kh lf nxnfs sljefb tolin ef smn h~s~qn/ lfc kfou ykgn nikfkgeysy lfc ksmnq o~flseiy ilf ioleg– lblefys n}tnqenfin–sk n}tnqenfin–sk ‟gnly~qn‗ smn h~s~qn efiecnfin kh smnyn qlqn nxnfsy/ resm y~ijnqy oeysnf' * K~syecn kh ilyefky lfc ykgn flqqkrou cn﬌fnc lqnly y~im ly glf' glcn yes~lsekfy lfc ikfysq~isekfy&

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5

efb sk smng–lblefys smng– lblefys n}tnqenfin lfc smn sqlij qnikqc kh y~im iolegy& A~s hqlbeoesu lfc lfsehqlbeoesu lqn tlqs kh smn i~qqnfs tqktnqsu kh lf ka`nis/ l ikhhnn slaon/ l ikgtlfu/ lf efc~ysqu/ l ik~fsqu/ l tkoeseilo yuysng& Rn ilf cnsnis hqlbeoesu/ hqlbeoesu/ ynn es/ nxnf ef glfu ilyny gnly~qn es/ kq ls onlys gnl' y~qn ikgtlqlsexn hqlbeoesu resm l ygloo nqqkq rmeon ikgtlqeykfy kh qeyj mlxn annf -yk hlq% ~fqnoelaon& Uk~ ilffks ylu resm lfu qnoelaeoesu smls l inqslef qngksn nxnfs kq ymkij ey gkqn oejnou smlf lfksmnq -~fonyy uk~ nf`ku cninexefb uk~qynoh%/ a~s uk~ ilf yslsn resm l oks gkqn ikf﬌cnfin smls lf ka`nis kq l ysq~is~qn ey gkqn hqlbeon smlf lfksmnq ymk~oc l inq slef nxnfs mlttnf& Uk~ ilf nlyeou snoo smls uk~q bqlfcgksmnq ey gkqn hqlbeon sk laq~ts imlfbny ef sngtnqls~qn smlf uk~/ smls ykgn geoeslqu ceislskq' ceislskq' ymet ey gkqn hqlbeon smlf Yrespnqolfc ymk~oc tkoeseilo imlfbn mlttnf/ smls l alfj ey gkqn hqlbeon smlf lfksmnq ymk~oc l iqeyey kii~q/ kq smls l tkkqou a~eos gkcnqf a~eocefb ey gkqn hqlbeon smlf smn Ilsmncqlo kh Imlq' sqny ymk~oc lf nlqsm|~ljn mlttnf& Lfc–infsqloou– Lfc– infsqloou–uk~ uk~ ilf nxnf gljn smn tqnceisekf kh rmeim kfn reoo olys okfbnq& okfbnq& Efysnlc kh l ceyi~yyekf kh qeyj -rmeim ey aksm tqnceisexn lfc yeyyu% E lcxkilsn smn fksekf kh hqlbeoesu/ rmeim ey fks tqnceisexn– lfc/ ~foejn qeyj/ mly lf efsnqnysefb rkqc smls ilf cnyiqean esy h~fisekflo kttkyesn/ smn fkfyeyyu ikfints kh lfsehqlbeoesu lfsehqlbeoesu&& Sk gnly~qn lfsehqlbeoesu/ smnqn ey l tmeokyktmnq―y' yskfn' yskfn'oejn oejn qnietn ~yefb l ikgtlis lfc yegtoe﬌nc q~on smls lookry ~y sk ecnfsehu es liqkyy ckglefy/ hqkg mnlosm sk smn ikfysq~isekf kh ykienseny& Rn mlxn annf ~fikfyiek~you n}tokesefb lfsehqlbeoesu ef tqliseilo oehn lfc/ ikfyiek~you/ qn`nisefb es–tlqsei~olqou es– tlqsei~olqou ef efsnoonis~lo oehn&

Smn Hqlbeoeysl

K~q ecnl ey sk lxkec efsnqhnqnfin resm smefby rn ckf―s ~fcnqyslfc& Rnoo/ ykgn tnkton lqn tqkfn sk smn kttkyesn& Smn hqlbeoeysl anokfby sk smls ilsnbkqu kh tnqykfy rmk lqn ~y~loou ef y~es lfc sen/ khsnf kf Hqecluy: mn hliny uk~q `kjny resm eiu ykongfesu/ ykongfesu/ lfc snfcy sk cnxnokt alij tqkaongy nlqou ef oehn hqkg yessefb ls l cnyj/ qecefb leqtolfny/ lfc ys~cuefb fnry' tltnqy& Mn ey khsnf efxkoxnc ef l ysqlfbn qes~lo/ ykgnsmefb ikggkfou iloonc ‟l gnnsefb&‗ Fkr/ Fkr/ ef lccesekf sk smnyn sqlesy/ mn cnhl~osy sk smefj' efb smls rmls mn cknyf―s ynn ey fks smnqn/ kq rmls mn ckny fks ~fcnqyslfc ckny fks n}eys& Ls smn ikqn/ mn snfcy sk geysljn smn ~fjfkrf hkq smn fkfn}eysnfs& Smn hqlbeoeysl hlooy hkq smn Ykxens' Ykxens'Mlqxlqc Mlqxlqc cno~yekf/ smn -~fyienfse﬌i%

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<4

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kxnqnyseglsekf kh smn qnlim kh yienfse﬌i jfkroncbn& Anil~yn kh y~im cn' o~yekf/ mn ey rmls ey iloonc l flexn qlsekfloeys/ l qlsekfloepnq/ kq ykgn' segny `~ys l qlsekfloeys/ ef smn ynfyn smls mn anoenxny smls smn qnlykfy anmefc smefby lqn l~skglseiloou liinyyeaon sk meg& Lfc ons ~y fks ikfh~yn qlsekfloepefb resm qlsekflo–smn qlsekflo– smn srk lqn logkys lorluy n}lis kttkyesny& K~syecn kh tmuyeiy/ lfc bnfnqloou ef ikgton} ckglefy/ smn qnlykfy an' mefc smefby mlxn mlc l snfcnfiu sk gljn smngynoxny onyy kaxek~y sk ~y/ lfc nxnf onyy sk smn hqlbeoeysl& Smey tqktnqsu kh fls~qlo smefby fks sk lcxnqseyn smngynoxny ef l ~ynq―y glf~lo ey/ loly/ fks g~im kh l mefcqlfin0 ykgn hqlbeoeysly reoo bns skbnsmnq sk rqesn smn ~ynq―y glf~lo smngynoxny/ smlfjy sk smneq cn﬌fesekf kh ‟yienfin&‗ Yk smlfjy sk smn hqlbeoeysl/ gkcnqf i~os~qn mly annf efiqnlyefbou a~eocefb aoefcfnyy sk smn guysnqek~y/ smn egtnfnsqlaon/ rmls Fenspyimn iloonc smn Cekfuyelf/ ef oehn& Kq sk sqlfyolsn Fenspyimn efsk smn onyy tknsei a~s fk onyy efyebmsh~o Aqkkjouf xnqfli~olq/ xnqfli~olq/ smey ey rmls k~q imlqlisnq Hls Skfu Skfu ilooy l ‟y~ijnq blgn&‗ Ef ymkqs/ smn hqlbeoeysl -gnceilo/ nikfkgei/ ykielo tolffefb% ey kfn rmk gljny uk~ nfblbn ef tkoeieny lfc lisekfy/ loo lqse﬌ielo/ ef rmeim smn anfn﬌sy lqn ygloo  ygloo lfc  lfc xeyeaon/ xeyeaon/ lfc smn yecn nhhnisy tksnfseloou ynxnqn lfc  efxeyeaon& Smnqn ey smn gnceilo hqlbeoeysl rmk kxnqefsnqxnfny ef cnfuefb smn akcu―yy fls~qlo laeoesu sk mnlo lfc bexny uk~ gnceilsekfy resm tksnfseloou akcu― xnqu ynxnqn yecn nhhnisy: smn tkoeiu hqlbeoeysl -smn efsnqxnfsekfeys ykielo tolffnq% rmk geysljny smn nikfkgu hkq l rlymefb glimefn smls ikf' sef~k~you fnncy ﬌}efb -au meg% lfc aokry es ~t: smn tyuimelsqei hqlbeoeysl rmk gnceilsny imeocqnf sk ‟egtqkxn‗ smneq efsnoonis~lo lfc ngksekflo oehn: smn ykiinq'gkg ykiinq'gkg hqlbeoeysl: smn ﬌flfielo hqlbeoeysl rmk gljny tnkton ~yn ‟qeyj‗ gkcnoy smls cnysqku smn alfjefb yuysng -smnf ~yny smng lblef%: smn geoeslqu hqlbeoeysl rmk ceys~qay ikgton} yuysngy: smn tqncei' skq hqlbeoeysl rmk nfik~qlbny uk~ sk sljn gkqn qeyjy: lfc glfu gkqn& * Efcnnc/ smn tkoeseilo ceyik~qyn ey olijefb l ikfints& Tkoeseielfy ef smneq ytnnimny/ bkloy/ lfc tqkgeyny leg ls smn segec ikfintsy kh ‟qnyeoenfin/‗ ‟ykoecesu/‗ fks lfsehqlbeoesu/ lfsehqlbeoesu/ lfc ef smn tqkinyy lqn ysefiefb ys efiefb smn gnimlfeygy gnimlfey gy kh bqkrsm lfc nxko~sekf& Rn cecf―s bns rmnqn rn lqn smlfjy sk smn yeyyu

* Mlunj cec fks sljn mey ecnl lak~s kqblfei tqein hkqglsekf efsk qeyj lfc hqlbeoesu& Hkq Mlunj/ a~qnl~iqlsy rnqn efnh﬌ienfs/ fks hqlbeoeysly& Smey ceyi~yyekf yslqsy resm hqlbeoesu lfc lfsehqlbeoesu/ lfc bnsy ~y ly l yecn ceyi~yyekf efsk kqblfei tqein hkqglsekf&

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

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fksekf kh qnyeoenfin& Lfc/ rmls―y rkqyn/ rn cecf―s bns rmnqn rn lqn skclu smlfjy sk tkoeiu gljnqy–a~s gljnqy– a~s smlfjy sk smn lttnsesn hkq qeyjy lfc nqqkqy kh l inqslef iolyy kh tnkton rn fnnc sk nfik~qlbn/ tqksnis/ lfc qnytnis&

Rmnqn Yegton Ey Gkqn Yktmeyseilsnc 

L ikgton} yuysng/ ikfsqlqu sk rmls tnkton anoenxn/ ckny fks qn|~eqn ikgtoeilsnc yuysngy lfc qnb~olsekfy lfc efsqeilsn tkoeieny& Smn yegtonq yegtonq// smn anssnq& Ikgtoeilsekfy onlc sk g~osetoeilsexn imlefy kh ~flfseietlsnc nhhnisy& Anil~yn kh ktliesu/ lf efsnqxnfsekf onlcy sk ~fhkqnynnf ikfyn' |~nfiny/ hkookrnc au ltkokbeny lak~s smn ‟~fhkqnynnf‗ lytnis kh smn ikfyn|~nfiny/ smnf sk lfksmnq efsnqxnfsekf sk ikqqnis smn ynikfclqu nh' hnisy/ onlcefb sk lf n}tokyexn ynqeny kh aqlfimefb ‟~fhkqnynn f‗ qnytkfyny/ nlim kfn rkqyn smlf smn tqnincefb kfn& Uns yegtoeiesu mly annf ceh﬌i~os sk egtongnfs ef gkcnqf oehn anil~yn es ey lblefys smn yteqes kh l inqslef aqlfc kh tnkton rmk ynnj yktmeyseil' sekf yk smnu ilf `~ysehu smneq tqkhnyyekf& Onyy ey gkqn lfc  lfc ~y~loou ~y~loou gkqn nhhnisexn& Sm~y E reoo tqkc~in l ygloo f~ganq kh sqeijy/ ceqnisexny/ lfc efsnqceisy–mkr efsnqceisy– mkr sk oexn ef l rkqoc rn ckf―s ~fcnqyslfc/ kq/ qlsmnq/ mkr sk fks  fks an an lhqlec  sk rkqj resm smefby rn tlsnfsou ckf―s ~fcnqyslfc/ lfc/ gkqn tqefietloou/ tqefietloou/ ef rmls glffnq rn ymk~oc rkqj resm smnyn& Kq/ nxnf anssnq/ mkr sk clqn sk okkj k~q ebfk' qlfin ef smn hlin lfc fks an lymlgnc kh anefb m~glf– an lbbqnyyexnou lfc tqk~cou m~glf& A~s smls glu qn|~eqn ykgn ysq~is~qlo imlfbny& Rmls E tqktkyn ey l qklc glt sk gkcehu k~q glf' glcn yuysngy sk ons smn yegton–lfc yegton–lfc fls~qlo–sljn fls~qlo–sljn smneq ik~qyn& A~s yegtoeiesu ey fks yk yegton sk lsslef& Ysnxn @kay ﬌b~qnc k~s smls ‟uk~ mlxn sk rkqj mlqc sk bns uk~q smefjefb ionlf sk gljn es yegton&‗ Smn Lqlay mlxn lf n}tqnyyekf hkq sqnfimlfs tqkyn0 fk yjeoo  sk ~fcnq' yslfc es/ yslfc  es/ glysnqu sk rqesn es & Mn~qeyseiy lqn yegtoe﬌nc q~ony kh sm~ga smls gljn smefby yegton lfc nlyu sk egtongnfs& A~s smneq glef lcxlfslbn ey smls smn ~ynq jfkry smls smnu lqn fks tnqhnis/ `~ys n}tncenfs/ lfc ey smnqnhkqn onyy hkkonc au smneq tkrnqy& Smnu anikgn clfbnqk~y rmnf rn hkqbns smls&

EX& SMEY AKKJ

Smn `k~qfnu sk smey ecnl kh lfsehqlbeoesu rly/ eh lfusmefb/ fkfoefnlq& fkfoefnlq& E y~ccnfou qnloepnc kfn clu smls hqlbeoesu–rmeim hqlbeoesu– rmeim mlc annf olijefb l

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

<1

TQKOKB^N

snimfeilo cn﬌fesekf–ik~oc cn﬌fesekf–ik~oc an n}tqnyync ly rmls  rmls ckny ckny fks  fks oejn oejn xkolseoesu/ lfc smls rmls  rmls ckny ckny fks  fks oejn oejn xkolseoesu ckny fks oejn qlfckgfnyy/ ~finq' slefsu// ceykqcnq/ slefsu ceykqcnq/ nqqkqy/ ysqnyykqy/ nsi& Smefj kh lfusmefb hqlbeon/ ylu/ ylu/ ka' `nisy ef uk~q oexefb qkkg y~im ly smn bolyy hqlgn/ smn snonxeyekf yns/ kq/ nxnf anssnq/ anssnq/ smn imefl ef smn i~taklqcy& Eh uk~ olano smng ‟hqlbeon/‗ smnf uk~ fninyylqeou rlfs smng sk an onhs lokfn ef tnlin/ |~ens/ kqcnq/ lfc tqnceislaeoesu&& L hqlbeon ka`nis rk~oc fks tkyyeaou anfn﬌s tqnceislaeoesu an fn﬌s hqkg lf nlqsm' n lqsm' |~ljn kq smn xeyes kh uk~q mutnqlisexn fntmnr& H~qsmnq/ nxnqusmefb smls ckny fks oejn xkolseoesu ckny fks oejn ysqnyykqy/ mlqg/ imlky/ nxnfsy/ cey' kqcnq// ‟~fhkqnynnf‗ ikfyn|~nfiny/ ~finqslefsu kqcnq ~finqslefsu// lfc/ iqeseiloou iqeseiloou// segn& Lfc lfsehqlbeoesu fikry–ykqs fikry– ykqs kh–hqkg kh–hqkg smey n}toeies cn﬌fesekf kh hql' beoesu& Es oejny xkolseoesu ns lo& Es loyk oejny segn& Lfc smnqn ey l tkrnqh~o lfc mnoth~o oefj sk fkfoefnlqesu0 nxnqusmefb fkfoefnlq ef qnytkfyn ey ne' smnq hqlbeon kq lfsehqlbeon sk l inqslef yk~qin kh qlfckgfnyy& Smn ysqlfbnys smefb ey smls smey kaxek~y tqktnqsu smls lfusmefb  lfusmefb hqlbeon hqlbeon mlsny xkolseoesu/ lfc xein xnqyl/ mly annf yessefb ikgtonsnou k~syecn smn yienfse﬌i lfc tmeokyktmeilo ceyik~qyn& Ikgtonsnou& Lfc smn ys~cu kh smn ynfyesexesu kh smefby sk xkolseoesu ey smn ysqlfbn a~yefnyy ytnielosu ef rmeim E ytnfs gkys kh gu lc~os oehn/ srk cnilcny– E jfkr es ey l ysqlfbn ytn' ielosu// E tqkgeyn sk n}tolef olsnq& ielosu olsnq& Gu hki~y ef smls tqkhnyyekf mly annf kf ecnfsehuefb esngy smls ‟okxn xkolseoesu‗ kq ‟mlsn xkolseoesu‗: yk loo E mlc sk ck rly n}tlfc smn ecnly hqkg smn ﬌flfielo ckglef ef rmeim E mlc annf hki~ync sk smn aqklcnq fksekf kh cnieyekf gljefb ~fcnq ~finq' slefsu liqkyy xlqek~y ﬌nocy/ hqkg tkoeseilo yienfin sk gnceiefn sk ceffnq tolfy&* Lfc ef smls ysqlfbn tqkhnyyekf kh tnkton rmk rkqj resm xkolseoesu/ smnqn rnqn srk sutny& Heqys ilsnbkqu/ lilcngeiy/ qntkqs' rqesnqy/ lfc ikggnfslskqy rmk ys~cu h~s~qn nxnfsy lfc rqesn akkjy lfc tltnqy: lfc/ ynikfc ilsnbkqu/ tqlisesekfnqy rmk/ efysnlc kh ys~cuefb h~s~qn nxnfsy/ squ sk ~fcnqyslfc mkr smefby qnlis sk xkolseoesu -a~s tqlisesekfnqy lqn ~y~loou skk a~yu tqlisesekfefb sk rqesn akkjy/ lqseiony/ tltnqy/ ytnnimny/ n|~lsekfy/ smnkqeny lfc bns mkfkqnc au Mebmou Ikfysetlsnc lfc Mkfkqlaon Gnganqy kh Lilcngeny%& Smn cehhnqnfin ansrnnf smn srk ilsnbkqeny ey infsqlo0 ly rn ylr/ es ey g~im nlyenq sk ~fcnqyslfc eh  * Smn snimfeilo snqg E ~ync hkq ‟mlsny xkolseoesu‗ rly ‟ymkqs xnbl‗ kq ‟ymkqs blggl/‗ gnlfefb ‟mlqgnc ymk~oc xkolseoesu efiqnlyn/‗ lfc ‟okfb xnbl‗ kq ‟okfb blggl‗ hkq smefby smls anfn﬌s& Ef smn qnys kh smn akkj rn reoo ~yn ‟ymkqs‗ lfc ‟okfb‗ sk cnyiqean fnblsexn lfc tkyesexn n}tky~qny/ qnytnisexnou& Es ey iqeseilo smls E fnxnq anoenxnc ef k~q laeoesu sk hkqnilys xkolseoesu/ ly E `~ys hki~ync kf mkr smefby qnlis sk es&

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

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<9

ykgnsmefb ey mlqgnc au xkolseoesu–mnfin hqlbeon– hqlbeon–smlf smlf squ sk hkqnilys mlqgh~o nxnfsy/ y~im ly smnyn kxnqyepnc Aolij Yrlfy& A~s kfou tqlisesekf' nqy -kq tnkton rmk ck smefby% snfc sk ytkfslfnk~you bns smn tkefs&

Smn -Qlsmnq Mlttu% Ceykqcnq Hlgeou 

Kfn snimfeilo ikggnfs& Rn jnnt yluefb smls hqlbeoesu lfc lfsehqlbeoesu gnlf tksnfselo blef kq mlqg hqkg n}tky~qn sk ykgnsmefb qnolsnc sk xko' lseoesu&& Rmls ey smls ykgnsmefb; Yegtou/ gnganqymet ef smn n}snfcnc cey' lseoesu kqcnq hlgeou& Smn N}snfcnc Ceykqcnq Hlgeou -kq Io~ysnq%0 -e% ~finqslefsu/ -ee% xlqelaeoesu/ xlqelaeoesu/ -eee% egtnqhnis/ efikgtonsn jfkroncbn/ -ex% imlfin/ -x% imlky/ -xe% xkolseoesu/ -xee% ceykqcnq/ -xeee% nfsqktu/ -e}% segn/ -}% smn ~fjfkrf/ -}e% qlfckgfnyy/ -}ee% s~qgkeo/ -}eee% ysqnyykq/ -}ex% nqqkq/ nqqkq/ -}x% ceytnqyekf kh k~sikgny/ -}xe% ~fjfkroncbn& ~fjfk roncbn& Es mlttnfy smls ~finqslefsu/ ceykqcnq/ lfc smn ~fjfkrf lqn ikgtonsnou n|~exlonfs ef smneq nhhnis0 lfsehqlbeon yuysngy anfn﬌s -sk ykgn cnbqnn% hqkg/ lfc smn hqlbeon ey tnfloepnc au/ logkys loo kh smng– nxnf eh uk~ mlxn sk ﬌fc smng ef yntlqlsn a~eocefby kh smn ~fexnqyesu ilgt~yny lfc ykgn tmeokyktmlysnq rmk mly fnxnq sljnf qnlo qeyjy ef mey oehn/ kq/ kq/ rkqyn/ fnxnq mlc l oehn/ rk~oc efhkqg uk~ smls ‟smnu lqn ionlqou fks smn ylgn smefb&‗ Rmu esng -e}%/ segn; Segn ey h~fisekfloou yegeolq sk xkolseoesu0 smn gkqn segn/ smn gkqn nxnfsy/ smn gkqn ceykqcnq& Ikfyecnq smls eh uk~ ilf y~hhnq oegesnc mlqg lfc lqn lfsehqlbeon sk ygloo nqqkqy/ segn aqefby smn jefc kh nqqkqy kq qnxnqyn nqqkqy smls nfc ~t anfn﬌sefb uk~& Smey ey yegtou rmls uk~q bqlfcgksmnq ilooy n}tnqenfin& Smn hqlbeon aqnljy resm segn&

Kfou Kfn Akkj 

Smey gljny smey akkj gu infsqlo rkqj& E―xn mlc kfou kfn glysnq ecnl/ nlim segn sljnf sk esy fn}s ysnt/ smn olys ysnt– smey akkj–anefb akkj–anefb gkqn oejn l aeb `~gt& E lg qnikffnisnc sk gu ‟tqliseilo ynoh/‗ gu yk~o kh l tqlisesekfnq/ ly smey ey l gnqbnq kh gu nfseqn meyskqu ly tqlisesekfnq lfc ‟xkolseoesu ytnieloeys‗ ikgaefnc resm gu efsnoonis~lo lfc tmeokyktmeilo efsnqnysy ef qlfckgfnyy lfc ~finqslefsu/ rmeim mlc tqnxek~you sljnf yntlqlsn tlsmy&

Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc <9

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

<3

TQKOKB^N

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Eh Uk~ Ynn Ykgnsmefb

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

<8

TQKOKB^N

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Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc <8

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

TQKOKB^N

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

TQKOKB^N

<5

lyuggnsqu kh smefby bqk~fcnc ef smn rqesefby kh Ynfnil/ smn Qkglf tmeokyktmnq lfc cknq cknq&& Akkj EX/ Ktsekfloesu/ Snimfkokbu/ lfc smn Efsnooebnfin kh Lfsehqlbeo' esu/ tqnynfsy smn guysnqek~y tqktnqsu kh smn rkqoc/ au rmeim l inqslef lyuggnsqu ey anmefc smefby/ qlsmnq smlf m~glf ‟efsnooebnfin/‗ lfc mkr ktsekfloesu cqkxn ~y mnqn& Es ey kttkync sk rmls E iloo smn Ykxens' Mlqxlqc gnsmkc& Lfc Hls Skfu lqb~ny resm Ykiqlsny lak~s mkr rn ck smefby kfn ilffks |~esn n}tolef& Akkj X/ Smn Fkfoefnlq lfc  lfc smn smn Fkfoefnlq -yei%/ ey lak~s smn tmeokyk' tmnq―y yskfn lfc esy kttkyesn0 mkr sk s~qf onlc efsk bkoc/ lfc bkoc efsk onlc& Srk imltsnqy ikfyses~sn smn infsqlo snimfeilo ynisekf–smn ynisekf– smn to~ga' efb kh smn akkj–glttefb akkj– glttefb hqlbeoesu -ly fkfoefnlqesu/ gkqn ytnie﬌iloou/ ikfxn}esu nhhnisy% lfc ymkrefb smn ncbn ikgefb hqkg l inqslef iolyy kh  ikfxn} ysqlsnbeny& Akkj XE/ Xel Fnblsexl/ ymkry smn reyckg lfc nhhnisexnfnyy kh y~a' sqlisekf kxnq lccesekf -lisy kh kgeyyekf kxnq lisy kh ikggeyyekf%& Smey ynisekf efsqkc~iny smn fksekf kh ikfxn}esu nhhnisy& Kh ik~qyn smn ﬌qys lt' toeilsekf ey sk gnceiefn& E okkj ls gnceiefn kfou hqkg lf nteysngkokbeilo/ qeyj'glflbngnfs qeyj' glflbngnfs lttqklim–lfc lttqklim–lfc es okkjy cehhnqnfs hqkg smnqn& Akkj XEE/ Smn Nsmeiy kh  kh Hqlbeoesu Hqlbeoesu lfc Lfsehqlbeoesu/ bqk~fcy nsmeiy ef sqlfyhnqy kh hqlbeoesu/ resm kfn tlqsu bnssefb smn anfn﬌sy lfc smn ksmnq kfn smn mlqg/ lfc tkefsy k~s tqkaongy lqeyefb hqkg laynfin kh yjef ef smn blgn& Smn nfc kh smn akkj ikfyeysy kh bqltmy/ fksny/ lfc l snimfeilo lt' tnfce}& Smn akkj ey rqessnf ls smqnn onxnoy& Heqys/ smn oesnqlqu lfc tmeokyktmeilo/ resm tlqlaony lfc eoo~ysqlsekfy a~s gefeglo eh lfu snimfeilo lqb~gnfsy/ n}ints ef Akkj X -smn tmeokyk' tmnq―yy yskfn%/ rmeim tqnynfsy smn ikfxn}esu lqb~gnfsy& -Smn nfoebmsnfnc tmnq― qnlcnq ey efxesnc sk yjet Akkj X/ X/ ly smn ecnly lqn ceyseoonc noynrmnqn&% Ynikfc/ smn lttnfce}/ resm bqltmy lfc gkqn snimfeilo ceyi~yyekf/ a~s fk nolakqlsn cnqexlsekfy& Smeqc/ smn alij~t glsnqelo resm gkqn nolakqlsn lqb~gnfsy/ loo ef smn hkqg kh snimfeilo tltnqy lfc fksny -ckf―s geysljn gu eoo~ysqlsekfy lfc tlqlaony hkq tqkkh: qngnganq/ l tnqykflo nyylu ey fks l yienfse﬌i cki~' gnfs/ a~s l yienfse﬌i cki~gnfs ey l yienfse﬌i cki~gnfs%& Loo smnyn alij~t cki~gnfsy lqn blsmnqnc ly l hqnnou lxleolaon nonisqkfei snimfeilo ikgtlfekf&

Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc <5

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

14

TQKOKB^N

LTTNFCE]0 SMN SQELC/ KQ L GLT KH SMN RKQOC LFC SMEFBY LOKFB SMN SMQNN TQKTNQSENY

Fkr rn leg–lhsnq leg– lhsnq ykgn rkqj–sk rkqj–sk ikffnis ef smn qnlcnq―y gefc/ resm l yefbon smqnlc/ nongnfsy ynngefbou hlq ltlqs/ y~im ly Ilsk smn Nocnq/ Fenspyimn/ Fensp yimn/ Smlony kh Geons~y/ smn tksnfiu kh smn yuysng kh iesu' yslsny/ smn y~ysleflaeoesu kh lqseylfy/ smn tqkinyy kh ceyikxnqu/ smn kfnyecncfnyy kh  ktliesu/ ﬌flfielo cnqexlsexny/ lfseaeksei qnyeyslfin/ aksskg' ~t yuysngy/ Ykiqlsny― efxeslsekf sk kxnqqlsekfloepn/ mkr sk onis~qn aeqcy/ kaynyyexn okxn/ Clqrefelf nxko~sekf/ smn glsmnglseilo ikfints kh @nfynf―y ef' n|~loesu/ ktsekfloesu lfc ktsekf smnkqu/ smn ecnl kh lfinysqlo mn~qeyseiy/ smn rkqjy kh @kyntm cn Gleysqn lfc Ncg~fc A~qjn/ Ressbnfysnef―y Ressbnfysnef―y lfse' qlsekfloeyg/ smn hql~c~onfs smnkqeny kh smn nikfkgeiy nyslaoeymgnfs/ sef' jnqefb lfc aqeikolbn/ snqqkqeyg n}linqalsnc au cnlsm kh esy gnganqy/ lf ltkokbel hkq lqseylflo ykienseny/ smn nsmeilo filry kh smn geccon iolyy/ Tlonk'ysuon Tlonk' ysuon rkqjk~sy -lfc f~sqesekf%/ smn ecnl kh gnceilo elsqkbnfeiy/ smn bokqek~y fksekf kh smn glbfe﬌infs - gnbloktyuimkf%/ gu kaynyyekf resm smn ecnl kh ikfxn}esu -lfc gu tmkael kh ikfilxesu%/ smn olsn'1444y alfj' efb lfc nikfkgei iqeyey/ smn gey~fcnqyslfcefb kh qnc~fclfiu/ smn cehhnq' nfin ansrnnf sk~qeys lfc fiáfn~q/ fiáfn~q/ nsi& Loo ef kfn yefbon– yefbon–lfc/ lfc/ E lg inqslef/ yegton–smqnlc& yegton– smqnlc& Mkr; Rn ilf anbef au ynnefb mkr smefby–`~ys smefby– `~ys lak~s lfusmefb smls glssnqy–ilf glssnqy– ilf an glttnc kq iolyye﬌nc efsk smqnn ilsnbkqeny/ rmls E iloo smn Sqelc&

Smefby Ikgn ef Sqetony

Ef smn Tqkokb~n/ rn ylr smls smn ecnl ey sk hki~y kf hqlbeoesu qlsmnq smlf tqnceisefb lfc iloi~olsefb h~s~qn tqkalaeoeseny/ lfc smls hqlbeoesu lfc lfsehqlbeoesu lfse hqlbeoesu ikgn kf l ytnisq~g kh xlquefb cnbqnny& Smn slyj mnqn ey sk a~eoc l glt kh n}tky~qny& -Smey ey rmls ey iloonc ‟qnlo' rkqoc yko~sekf/‗ smk~bm kfou lilcngeiy lfc ksmnq fkf'qnlo' fkf' qnlo'rkqoc rkqoc ktnqlskqy ~yn smn n}' tqnyyekf ‟qnlo'rkqoc ‟qnlo'rkqoc yko~sekf‗ efysnlc kh yegtou ‟yko~sekf&‗% Smn Sqelc iolyye﬌ny esngy ef smqnn iko~gfy lokfb smn cnyebflsekf HQLBEON

QKA^YS

LFSEHQLBEON

Qniloo smls smn hqlbeon rlfsy sqlf|~eoesu/ smn lfsehqlbeon bqkry hqkg ceykqcnq/ lfc smn qka~ys cknyf―s ilqn skk g~im& Smn qnlcnq ey efxesnc

Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc 14

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

TQKOKB^N

1<

sk flxeblsn smn Sqelc sk ynn mkr smn ecnly kh smn akkj lttou liqkyy ckglefy& Yegtou/ ef l bexnf y~a`nis/ rmnf uk~ ceyi~yy lf esng kq l tkoeiu/ smn slyj ey sk ﬌fc ef rmeim ilsnbkqu kh smn Sqelc kfn ymk~oc t~s es lfc rmls sk ck ef kqcnq sk egtqkxn esy ikfcesekf& Hkq n}lgton0 smn infsqloepnc flsekf'yslsn flsekf'yslsn ey kf smn hlq onhs kh smn Sqelc/ y|~lqnou ef smn hqlbeon ilsnbkqu/ lfc l cninfsqloepnc yuysng kh iesu' yslsny kf smn hlq qebms/ ef smn lfsehqlbeon kfn& Au bnssefb smn imlqlisnqeyseiy kh smn ols' snq/ rn ilf gkxn lrlu hqkg smn ~fcnyeqlaon hqlbeoesu kh smn olqbn yslsn& Kq okkj ls nqqkqy& Kf smn onhs/ ef smn hqlbeon ilsnbkqu/ smn geysljny lqn qlqn lfc olqbn rmnf smnu kii~q/ mnfin eqqnxnqyeaon: sk smn qebms smn geysljny lqn ygloo lfc anfebf/ nxnf qnxnqyeaon lfc |~eijou kxnqikgn& Smnu lqn loyk qeim ef efhkqglsekf& Yk l inqslef yuysng kh sefjnqefb lfc sqelo lfc nqqkq rk~oc mlxn smn lssqea~sny kh lfsehqlbeoesu& Eh uk~ rlfs sk anikgn lfsehqlbeon/ t~s uk~qynoh ef smn yes~lsekf ‟okxny geysljny‗– sk smn qebms kh ‟mlsny geysljny‗–au geysljny‗– au gljefb smnyn f~gnqk~y lfc ygloo ef mlqg& Rn reoo iloo smey tqkinyy lfc lttqklim smn ‟alqanoo‗ ysqlsnbu& Kq sljn smn mnlosm ilsnbkqu& Lccefb ey kf smn onhs/ qngkxefb sk smn qebms& Qngkxefb gnceilsekf/ kq ykgn ksmnq ~ffls~qlo ysqnyykq–ylu/ ysqnyykq– ylu/ bo~' snf/ hq~iskyn/ sqlf|~eoepnqy/ fleo tkoeym/ kq ykgn y~im y~ayslfin– y~ayslfin–au au sqelo lfc nqqkq ey gkqn qka~ys smlf lccefb  gnceilsekf/ resm ~fjfkrf yecn nhhnisy/ ~fjfkrf ef ytesn kh smn yslsngnfsy lak~s ‟nxecnfin‗ lfc ymgnx' ecnfin& Ly smn qnlcnq ilf ynn/ ynn / smn glt ~fefmeaesncou ytqnlcy liqkyy ckglefy lfc m~glf t~qy~esy/ y~im ly i~os~qn/ mnlosm/ aekokbu/ tkoeseilo yuysngy/ snimfkokbu/ ~qalf kqblfeplsekf/ ykieknikfkgei oehn/ lfc ksmnq glssnqy kh gkqn kq onyy ceqnis efsnqnys sk smn qnlcnq& E mlxn nxnf glflbnc sk gnqbn cnieyekf gljefb lfc fiáfn~q ef smn ylgn aqnlsm& Yk l yegton gnsmkc rk~oc onlc ~y sk aksm l qeyj'alync qeyj' alync tkoeseilo tmeokyktmu lfc gnceilo cnieyekf'gljefb& cnieyekf'gljefb&

Smn Sqelc ef Lisekf

Fksn smls hqlbeon lfc lfsehqlbeon mnqn lqn qnolsexn snqgy/ fks |~esn layk' o~sn tqktnqseny0 kfn esng sk smn qebms kh smn Sqe Sqelc lc ey gkqn lfsehqlbeon smlf lfksmnq sk smn onhs& Hkq efyslfin/ lqseylfy lqn gkqn lfsehqlbeon smlf ygloo a~yefnyyny/ a~s l qkij yslq reoo an gkqn lfsehqlbeon smlf lfu lqseylf& Cnas lorluy t~sy uk~ kf smn onhs/ hqlbeoepny nikfkgei yuysngy& Lfc smefby lqn lfsehqlbeon ~t sk l inqslef onxno kh ysqnyy& Uk~q akcu anfn﬌sy hqkg

Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc 1<

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

11

TQKOKB^N

ykgn lgk~fs kh geymlfcoefb/ a~s ~t sk l tkefs– es rk~oc fks anfn﬌s skk g~im hqkg anefb smqkrf ckrf hqkg smn skt kh smn Skrnq kh Alano& Smn Bkocnf Qka~ys0 H~qsmnq/ smn qka~ys mnqn ef smn geccon iko~gf ey fks n|~exlonfs sk Lqeyskson―y ‟bkocnf geccon‗ -ikggkfou geyolanonc smn ‟bkocnf gnlf‗%/ ef smn rlu smls/ ylu/ bnfnqkyesu ey smn geccon ansrnnf tqkfiebliu lfc ysefbefnyy–es ysefbefnyy–es ilf an/ a~s es ey fks fninyylqeou yk& Lfsehql' beoesu ey cnyeqlaon ef bnfnqlo/ a~s fks lorluy/ ly smnqn lqn ilyny ef rmeim lfsehqlbeoesu reoo an ikysou/ n}sqngnou yk& H~qsmnq/ es ey mlqc sk ikfyecnq qka~ysfnyy ly lorluy cnyeqlaon–sk cnyeqlaon– sk |~ksn Fenspyimn/ kfn ilf cen hqkg anefb eggkqslo& Hefloou// au fkr smn qnlcnq/ bqlttoefb resm l fnr rkqc/ gebms lyj skk Hefloou g~im hqkg es& Eh smn cnyebflsekf lfsehqlbeon ey qlsmnq xlb~n lfc oegesnc sk ytnie﬌i yk~qiny kh mlqg kq xkolseoesu/ xkolseoesu/ lfc ~t sk l inqslef qlfbn kh n}tk' y~qn/ es ey fk gkqn lfc fk onyy yk smlf smn cnyebflsekf hqlbeon& Lfsehqlbeo' esu ey qnolsexn sk l bexnf yes~lsekf& L ak}nq gebms an qka~ys/ mlon rmnf es ikgny sk mey tmuyeilo ikfcesekf/ lfc gebms egtqkxn hqkg ﬌bms sk ﬌bms/ a~s mn ilf nlyeou an ngksekfloou hqlbeon lfc aqnlj efsk snlqy rmnf c~gtnc au mey beqohqenfc& Uk~q Uk~q bqlfcgksmnq gebms mlxn kttkyesn |~loe' seny/ hqlbeon ef a~eoc a~s n|~ettnc resm l ysqkfb tnqykfloesu& tnqykfloesu& E qngnganq smn hkookrefb xexec eglbn hqkg smn Onalfnyn iexeo rlq0 L cegef~sexn koc olcu// l reckr -ymn rly cqnyync olcu cqnyyn c ef aolij%/ rly imlyseyefb geoeselgnf hqkg smn nfngu yecn hkq mlxefb il~ync smn ymlssnqefb kh smn bolyy ef mnq ref' ckr c~qefb l alsson& Smnu rnqn tkefsefb smneq b~fy ls mn q: l yefbon a~oons rk~oc mlxn snqgeflsnc mnq a~s smnu rnqn xeyeaou mlxefb l alc gkgnfs/ efsegeclsnc lfc yilqnc au mnq& Ymn rly smn kttkyesn kh smn a k}nq0 tmuye' iloou hqlbeon/ a~s fks hqlbeon ef imlqlisnq& Fkr smn Sqelc&

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

TQKOKB^N

SLAON <

‡

Gusmkokbu– Bqnnj  Gusmkokbu–

19

SMN INFSQLO SQELC0 SMQNN SUTNY KH N]TKY^QN N]TKY^QN

HQLBEON

QKA^YS

LFSEHQLBEON 

Yrkqc kh Clgkiony Qkij kh Slfslo~y

Tmknfe}

Mucql

Cq&& @kmf Cq

Fnqk S~oet

Hls Skfu/ Unxbnfel Jqlyfkxl*

Fnr Ukqj  lfc Aqkkjouf Aolij Yrlf

N}tkync sk fnblsexn Aolij Yrlfy

N}tkync sk tkyesexn Aolij Yrlfy

A~yefnyyny

Fnr Ukqj0 Alfjefb yuysng

Yeoeikf Xloonu0 ‟Hleo hlys/‗ ‟An hkkoeym&‗

Nh﬌ienfiu/ ktsegepnc

Qnc~fclfiu

Cnbnfnqliu -h~fisekflo qnc~fclfiu%

Nqqkqy

Mlsny geysljny

Geysljny lqn `~ys efhkqglsekf

Okxny geysljny -yefin smnu lqn ygloo%

Nqqkqy

Eqqnxnqyeaon/ olqbn -a~s qlqn% nqqkqy/ aokr~ty

Yienfin+ 

Ceqnisnc qnynlqim

Kttkqs~feysei qnynlqim qnynlq im

Yskimlysei Sefjnqefb -lfsehqlbeon sefjnqefb kq aqeikolbn%

Ys~cuefb nxnfsy/ gnly~qefb smneq qeyjy/ yslseyseilo tqktnqseny kh nxnfsy

Ys~cuefb n}tky~qn sk nxnfsy/ yslseyseilo tqktnqseny kh n}tky~qny

Gkcehuefb n}tky~qn sk nxnfsy

Smnkqu

Tmnfkgnfkokbu

Mn~qeyseiy/ tqliseilo sqeijy

Gkooe﬌ilsekf/ lsqktmu/ ‟lbefb/‗ ylqiktnfel

Gesmqeclseplsekf qnikxnqu qnikx nqu

Mkqgnyey/ mutnqsqktmu

Aekokbeilo ( Nikfkgei Yuysngy

Snimfkokbu 

Ceimkskgu  nxnfs' n}tky~qn

Yienfin

M~glf Akcu 

Tqkc~iny qnxnqyeaon/ ygloo nqqkqy

* Cq& @kmf/ Fnqk S~oet/ Hls Skfu/ lfc Unxbnfel Jqlyfkxl lqn imlqlisnqy ef Smn Aolij Yrlf&& Fnqk S~oet Yrlf S~oet ey loyk l imlqlisnq efHkkonc ef Hkkonc au Qlfckgfnyy&

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<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

13

TQKOKB^N

HQLBEON

QKA^YS

LFSEHQLBEON 

Gkcnqfesu

Gncenxlo N~qktn

Lfienfs Gncesnqqlfnlf

Hqenfcymet

Jefymet

Lssqlisekf

Ltkookfelf

Cekfuyelf

Alolfinc ge}s~qn kh Ltkookfelf lfc Cekfuyelf

Nsmeiy

Smn rnlj

Smn glbfe﬌infs

Smn ysqkfb

Nsmeiy

Yuysng resmk~s yjef ef smn blgn

Yuysng resm yjef ef smn blgn

Yuysng resm yk~o ef smn blgn

Q~ony

Tqefietony

Xeqs~n

Rluy kh  Smefjefb M~glf qnolsekfymety  Lfi enf s I~os~qn -Fenspyimn%

Qnb~olsekf Yuysngy

Glsmnglseiy -h~fisekflo%

Glsmnglseiy -tqkalaeoesu% Ktsekf Sqlcefb

Jfkroncbn Nteysngkokbu  Oehn lfc  Smefjefb

Heflfielo cntnfcnfin

Onlqfefb

Tkoeseilo Yuysngy

Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc 13

Ikfinfsqlsnc yk~qiny kh qlfckgfnyy

Ceysqea~snc yk~qiny kh qlfckgfnyy

Fkfoefnlq' ikfilxn/ kq ikfilxn'ikfxn} ikfilxn' ikfxn}

Oefnlq/ kq ikfxn}'ikfilxn ikfxn}' ikfilxn

Fkfoefnlq'ikfxn} Fkfoefnlq' ikfxn}

Onhs'yjnrnc -kq Onhs'yjnrnc fnblsexn yjnrnc%

Okr xkolseoesu

Qebms'yjnrnc -kq Qebms'yjnrnc tkyesexn yjnrnc%

Ymkqs xkolseoesu/ blggl/ xnbl

Hols xkolseoesu

Okfb xkolseoesu/ ‟blggl/‗ ‟xnbl‗

N}toeies

Slies

Slies resm ikfxn}esu

Sq~n'Hloyn Sq~n' Hloyn

Y~ijnq'Fkfy~ijnq Y~ijnq'Fkfy~ijnq

Sk~qeys/ Sk~qeys/ tnqykflo lfc efsnoonis~lo

Hoáfn~q resm l olqbn tqexlsn oeaqlqu

Ikqtkqlsn ngtokugnfs// ngtokugnfs Slfsloepnc Slfsl oepnc iolyy

Cnfseys/ cnqglskokbeys/ feimn rkqjnq/ gefeg~g'rlbn nlqfnq

Sl}e cqexnq/ lqseylf/ tqkyses~sn/ H*** uk~ gkfnu

Iolyyqkkg

Qnlo oehn/ tlsmnglsl glsmnglsl

Qnlo oehn lfc oeaqlqu

Flsekf'yslsn: Flsekf'yslsn: infsqloepnc

Ikoonisekf kh iesu'yslsny: iesu' yslsny: cninfsqloepnc

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

TQKOKB^N

HQLBEON Ykielo Yuysng

Jfkroncbn Yienfin

Tyuimkokbeilo Rnoo'anefb Rnoo' anefb

QKA^YS

LFSEHQLBEON 

Ecnkokbu

Gusmkokbu

Tkys' lbqei~os~qlo gkcnqf ynssongnfsy

Fkglcei lfc m~fsnq'blsmnqnq m~fsnq'blsmnqnq sqeany

Lilcngel

N}tnqseyn

Nq~cesekf

Smnkqu

Tmnfkgnfkokbu

Nxecnfin'alync Nxecnfin'alync tmnfkgnfkokbu

Tkys'sql~glsei yufcqkgn

1>

Tkys'sql~glsei bqkrsm

Gkcno'alync Gkcno'alync tqkalaeoeysei cnieyekf gljefb

Mn~qeysei'alync Mn~qeysei' alync cnieyekf gljefb

Ikfxn} mn~qeyseiy

Smefjnqy

Tolsk/ Lqeyskson/ Lxnqqknyy Lxnqqkn

Nlqou Yskeiy/ Gnfkcks~y kh Feikgncel/ Tkttnq/ A~qjn/ Ressbnfysnef/ @kmf Bqlu

Qkglf Yskeiy/ Fenspyimn/ Fenspyimn tnqmlty Mnbno -y~aolsekf%/ @lytnqy

Nikfkgei Oehn

Nikfktmlysnqy i~osy

Lfsmqktkokbeysy Lfsmqktkokbey sy

Qnoebekf

Nikfkgei Oehn

A~qnl~iqlsy

Cnieyekf Gljefb

Nfsqntqnfn~qy

-nhhnis kf nikfkgei oehn% Qnt~slsekf -tqkhnyyekf%

Qnt~slsekf

Lilcngei/ ikqtkqlsn n}ni~sexn/ Tktn/ aeymkt/ tkoeseielf

Tkyslo ngtokunn/ sq~ij cqexnq/ sqlef ikfc~iskq

Lqseys/ rqesnq

Geccon Iolyy

Gefeg~g'rlbn tnqykfy

Akmngelf/ lqeyskiqliu/

-iolyy%

koc gkfnu Gnceiefn

Tmeokyktmu+  Yienfin

Slon[52=<344482=13[9t[loo[q<&efcc 1>

Xel tkyesexl Xel  tkyesexl

Xel fnblsexl

Lccesexn sqnlsgn sqnlsgnfs fs -bexn gnceilsekf%

Y~asqlisexn sqnlsgnfs -qngkxn esngy hqkg ikfy~gtsekf/ ylu ieblqnssny/ ilqay/ nsi&%

Qlsekfloeyg Qlsekfl oeyg

Ngteqeieyg Ngteqeie yg

Yjntseilo/ y~asqlisex y~asqlisexn n ngteqeieyg

<4+<4+<1 =039 LG

18

TQKOKB^N

HQLBEON

QKA^YS

Yntlqlaon

Jfkroncbn Ysqnyy

Cnieyekf Gljefb

Mkoeysei Krfnq ktnqlsnc

Nikfkgei Oehn Heflfin

LFSEHQLBEON 

Ymkqs Ktsekf Tkyesexn yienfin

Okfb Ktsekf Fnblsexn yienfin

Lqs

Imqkfei ysqnyykqy

Li~sn ysqnyykqy/ resm qnikxnqu

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