Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Seminar Project by Krunal D. Meghani o. 804 Guided Guide d by : Dr Dr.. Manu gar!al
Introduction
Plastic waste management is one of the key issues that that need to be addressed in working working towards towards a sustainable future. future.
The Per capita consumption of plastics (kg/ person) increases due to increase in population which causes negative impact on environment.
For plastic : Time for egradation ! ""#"""" $ears.
%andfilling : &oil and air pollution
'ncineration : mission of * + , &o+ etc.
-iable solution : Production of *il *il from from Plastic Plastic waste waste (Pyrolysis)
Pyroly"i" 4 Pyro ! heat.
%ysis ! break down.
4 Plastic Pyrolysis is endothermic chemical reaction. This reaction involves molecular breakdown of larger molecules into smaller s maller molecules in presence of heat. 4 5bsence of *+ygen ( i.e. no burning) burning) 4 6igh temperatures leading to very high molecular vibrations. 4 ue to vibrations, 7olecules are stretched and shaken to such an e+tent that molecules starts breaking down into smaller molecules.
Types of Pyrolysis
Types: Pyrolysis8The plastic waste is heated at high temperature. 1. Thermal Pyrolysis8The . &low
pyrolysis : slow heating rate (9.3 9/s), ;<= yield of carbon black. . Fast Pyrolysis : 6eating 6 eating rate (93>99 9/s), ?<= yield of pyro oil. . Flash pyrolysis : very high heating rate (@ 999 9/s), A<= yield of gas. Pyrolysis8The plastic waste is processed using a catalyst. 2. Catalytic Pyrolysis8The Hydrocracking 8The feedstock is reacted with hydrogen and a 3. Hydrocracking 8The catalyst.
2aw material Feed stock Desired feed stock
1.
Polyethylene (P) and 6igh ensity Polyethylene (6P)3331ater cans etergent bottles, Plastic bags , Plastic packaging scrap, *il bottles and plastic oil containers etc.
>.
%P3333333Plastic bags ,1ire coverings, bags of dry cleaning etc. PP or Polypropylene33333bottle Polypropylene33333bottle caps ,computer parts parts etc. P& or polystyrene333333cups , ,food containers ,&tyrofoam etc.
;. D.
.Undesired
Feed stock
Terephthalate---- Due to Presence of oxygen . 1. PET or Polyethylene Terephthalate---2. PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride--- Presence of Chlorine.
0Plastic>oil 'nc., Plastic Feedstock &upply, &upply, 2etrieved from http://www.plastic>oil.com/site/plastic3feedstock http://www.plastic>oil.com/site/plastic3feedstock
atalytic pyrolysis -s. onventional pyrolysis
1.
Sorting process
2.
elter !"eeded for re#oval of #etallic solids etc.
$.
Pretreat#ent-Dechlorination Pretreat#ent-Dechlorination % oisture &e#oval etc.
'.
Pyrolysis &eactor- $ types
(.
Catalytic &eactor! i#prove#ent
).
Condensation
*.
+ractional Distillation ! separation fro# pyro oil
0 E. 6. hang, G. F. hu, hu, and 5. *kuwaki, HProspect and current status of recycling waste plastics and technology for converting them into oil in hina,I 2esources, onservation and 2ecycling, <9, no. ;, (>99?) >;J>;C, >0 5ntony 2aKa and 5dvaith 7urali, Gournal of 7aterials &cience and ngineering ,B (>9) AL3AC
Factors affecting pyrolysis Temperature Temperature and 6eating 2ate
6igh value for both enhance bond breaking and favors f avors the production of small molecules
Pyro Pyroly lysi sis s time time
%ong %onger er resi reside denc nce e time time yiel yields ds more more carb carbon on blac black k as as well ell as as thermally stable products
2eac 2eacto torr type type
ete eterrmin mines ualit ality y of heat tran transf sfe er ,mi+ ,mi+in ing g, gas gas and liu iuid phase residence time
ond onde ensa nsatio tion
%ow pre press ssu ure red reduces ces the the con conden densati satio on of of re reacti active ve fragments forming coke and heavies.
Presence of *+ygen
ilutes the products and influences euilibrium ,kinetics and mechanism
5dditives
'nfluence kinetics and mechanism
cheirs! H.! and W. "aminsky eds.! #Feedstock #Feedstock 2ecycling and Pyrolysis of 1aste Plastics: onverting 1aste Plastics into iesel and *ther FuelsI, st edition, Gohn 1iley M &ons %td, NO, (>99L) ,L3;>
*ther types
Plasma arc $yrolysis 5rc is established between two two electrodes. 5llows system to handle glass glass ,metal ,ash Temperature : L<939999 9c
%icro&a'e $yrolysis 6eat transfer by microwave absorbent to plastic Eraphitic carbon and inorganic o+ides are microwave absorbents
0 Huang! 0 Huang! (.! and ). *iang, *iang, H5 new waste disposal technology 3 Plasma arc pyrolysis systemI, Plasma science and Technology, Technology, +(>), (>99;). ?D;3 ?DA. >0 u hiung! *. and ,. Ho&ard! H5 Ho&ard! H5 2eview on 1aste to nergy Processes Nsing 7icrowave PyrolysisI, nergies, +, (>9>), D>9C3D>;>
Products and omparison 4 Product" : Product" : Pyrolysis Pyrolysis oil (gasoline, diesel , naphtha) , Pet coke (carbon black) , Of gases93>=0 Pro$erties
)egular gasoline
Plastic &aste fuel
olor, visual
*range
Pale yellow
&pecific gravity at >A Q &pecific gravity at< Q Eross calorific value et calorific value 5P' gravity &ulphur content(by mass) Flash point (Q) Pour point (Q) loud point (Q)
9.?D>; 9.?<>A >9 9DL9 ; R>9 R>9
9.?>L> 9DCA L9.L< R9.99> >> R>9 R>9
0 5.N. adgaonkar, 'nformation Brochure and Technical 1rite3up, 2etrieved from http://www.frantechasia.com/ownloads/co=>9Friendly http://www.frantechasia.com/ownloads/co=>9Friendly=>9Plastic =>9Plastic =>9Fuel.pdf
,pplications li-uid
) >) ;) D) <)
hydrocaron/ Boilers 5s input feed for Petroleum Petroleum 2efineries 6ot water generators 7arine Fuel ( Bunker fuel fuel ) lectric generators generators ( mi+ed with with <9= diesel)
0as
/ a) 5ny near by industries using using %PE b) For in3house consumption For
solid fuel caron lack / a) Plastic and Paint industries industries ( 5s 5s Filler ), Thermal Thermal power plants b) 7etallurgical 'ndustries, 2ubber 2ubber industry industry.. 0 5.N. adgaonkar, 'nformation Brochure and Technical 1rite3up, 2etrieved from http:// www.frantechasia.com/ownloads/co=>9Friendly www.frantechasia.com/ownloads/co=>9Friendly =>9Plastic=>9Fuel.pdf
Advantag es
5dvantages and isadvantages isadvantages
The processor uses its own off3gases as fuel (93>= of outlet). 5ppro+imately >3D= of the resulting resulting product is Pet coke (arbon Black) The process operates at atmospheric pressure, and is not susceptible to leaks. The conversion ratio for waste plastic into fuel averages L9 to A9= 1ater 1ater is used for cooling only. The water is not in contact with the process itself, keeping it clean c lean and uncontaminated.
Disadvanta ges
The #ain prole# for this process is the Pyrolysis euip#ent/s corrosion corrosion incurred y PVC in #ixed plastic 0astes
ore paraffin is produced in the process of Pyrolysis.
oisture Content
1Plastic2oil 3nc.% The Plastic24il ,dvantage% &etrieved fro# http566000.plastic2oil.co#6site6advantage
Thank you !!! !!! Any uestions
