Plastic waste management is one of the key issues that need to be addressed in working towards a sustainable future. The Per capita consumption of plastics (kg/ person) increases due to incr…Full description
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PYROLYSIS OF WASTE PLASTICS TO GENERATE USEFUL FUEL CONTAINING HYDROGEN USING A SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSFull description
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Microwave pyrolysis of waste oils
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ADVANTAGES OF PYROLYSIS
The advantages of pyrolysis of waste plastics into liquid fuels include: it allows the recycling of waste mixed plastics that cannot be efficiently recycled recycled by alternative means; •
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it permits the recycling of unwashed and soiled plastics (e.g. agricultural plastics,
mulch/silage/greenhouse mulch/silage/greenhouse films and dripper/irrigation tube); •
it enables recycling of plastic laminates, coextrusions and multilayer packaging films,
particularly those with aluminium foil layers that are difficult to recycle using traditional reprocessing technologies. Most commodity hydrocarbon plastics are suitable for pyrolysis. Generally the larger the substituent in the side chain, the easier the plastic can be degraded. The order of increasing side chain size is polyethylene < polypropylene polypropylene< polyvinyl polyvinyl chloride< polystyrene. polystyrene. Problems with many pre-existing plastic cracking technologies include: •
coking and carbon deposits on heat exchanging surfaces;
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stickiness of sand particles in fluidized-bed processes;
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unsatisfactory fuel quality;
relatively high sulphur levels (100 – 700 700 ppm) in end product. In the last five years however, a limited number of plastic pyrolysis processes have been developed to overcome these limitations. •
Distillation column DISTILLATION COLUMNS
The pyrolysis gases typically contain a broad boiling point range o f materials. Most state-of-the-art state-of-the-art pyrolysis processes that convert waste plastics into liquid fuels send the pyrolysis gases into some form of separator such as a distillation column; where the stream is separated into typically at least three fractions – a light, middle, and heavy fraction. The light fraction contains (e.g. 177 C) gasoline range material and gases. The middle fraction is typically a middle distillate range material, such as the diesel fuels range, (e.g. 177 – 343 343 C). The heavy fraction is lube oil range material (e.g. 343 C). Distillation columns columns can have trays or packing. The advantage of packing is that the column can be smaller in diameter and marginally shorter. ◦