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page 90
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Your fovourife
wor*rin
English
{p122} {pl 23}
Wriling:
slillsr Evaluoting your pronuruiction Audiorript: (p152| Grommorforus: (pl3?l Study
(ornrnunirction adivitiesl Sfudenl B: {pl28J Student A:
Additionul muterici: {p130}
Deliftiliorrs g{tre A report or sludics
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Contents :+:=
Fqil l *!'
V***$x*$*ry
K*##[n* 3 f*r ;.t; Read ancl listen to the text on qS
$ Look at the pictures and read the infbrmation. X,'Iatch each object tri :r u,ord in the box. There are three u'ords you do not
page 7 about another everyday object: the iclentity card. \Vhat kjnd of informarion about an individual can vou llnd on an identity card?
neecl.
gum credit card glasses key ring lipstick mobile phone pen umbrella chewing
*
Do vou
today?
har.e any of these things
*
Read the text agqain and find exarnples
of ...
t 2 3 + s
with you
\'\hich onesi Tell a partner.
for ID cards. ID cards. a material used in ID cards. information on an ID card. biometric information on an ID a historical reason
countries u'ith no
card.
S Does your country have identity cardsi \Vhat information cio they contain?
Origin: United States, 1
973
The first model weighed 0.79 kg and measured 25cm.
Origin: Origin: United States, 1950
Mexico, 1860 It comes from the chicle
The first one was the
plant. The original idea
Diner's Club card. People
was to use it to make
used it to pay in New York
car tyres.
Surprising *r7ryErz* ffiffi# €**€s:
The iderrtity (lD) card What were the first lD cards?
Gr*gtnen*n Are ID cards obligatory? Do all cor.tntries haae ID
The first lD cards were, in fact, paper identity documents, which appeared in the 18th century. curds?
What did people use the first lD cards for?
T4hat is a biometric ID card? What did people use ID cards for?
.
People used the first lD cards to travelto different countries. The lD card was the first passport.
in questions the'i.erb goes before
.
. 1
Complete the questions by puttine ,.r'orcls in the correct place.
tl-re
r do you do? r vou speak any foreign ianguages? , u-hat your narne? . s-hat1s phone nurnber? : \'or.r have anlr children? , n'here you born? - tfiere did,vou to school? : \\ here do live? - ]-ou rnarried?
u'hat do
. 2 .
Do all countries have lD cards?
the subject in present simple or past simple questions, the auxiliary verb do / did goes befbre the subject and the infinitive goes after the subject question words (Wha4 Were, flho, etc.) go at the start of a question
u'hat your date of birth?
No, they don't. There are more than a hundred countries in the world with lD cards. But several English-speaking countries don't have a national lD card system. These countries include the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, lreland and New Zealand.
What do lD cards look like? lD cards are usually made of plastic and can fit inside a person's wallet.
What information do governments put on lD cards? Most lD cards contain the person's name, date of bitlh, signature and a photograph.
is
Some cards contain other information such as the person's address, phone number, nationality, profession and marital status.
)rour c1o
were o.) D"
What is a biometric lD card?
you
More modern lD cards now contain biometric information, for example, fingerprints or digital images of people's eyes.
are is
,\latch the questions in exercise I to the :rics in the box.
\ame
Profession
Address Dhone number
Children
late of birth
Education
:iace of birth
Languages
Marital status
Choose five questions from exercise t. :k in pairs and ask each other the : i ri( )ns.
S*^*, **-i*$inn ! ; q;rC l\"!ii 91-tL6,' il.r*
I
& ,t.t* , .'.:'': Listen to three people spelling personal information. \trrrite the urlrds they spell.
* \\'ork in pairs. A: spell the u.ords to B.
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.,ta
|
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a -: !
* * e S
).our last narne the name of the street you iive on two words lrom this lesson Su.ap roles ar-rd repeat.
lre
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Speoklng and Voesbulory I Think of someone you knowverywell
tisfening I W 1"*3*3.&& Listen to four
and describe this person to a partner. lJse the phrases below to help you.
conversations and choose the correct photo a-j on page 9 for each one.
. ' . e 2
is... He's / She's ... He's / She's got ... eyes and ... hair. He's / She's ... years old.
This
Write the words in the box under the
correct headings below.
bald beard blond curly
fair
twenties medium-height middle-aged overweight scar shorl shoulder-length slim straight young in her
3 Think about the person you described in exercise 1. Can you add any more details to the description?
2 Listen again and answer tlre questions. There is one question for each conversation. r z : + 3
Does the woman like the photo?
How old is the baby? What is different about Bella? What colour is the man's hair?
Work in pairs. A: choose one of the photos and describe it to your partner. B: try to g'uess the correct photo. Then swap roles and repeat.
We use look + adjeclive io describe a person's appearance.
He looks thin. She looks good. We use look + like + noun phrase to compare someone's appearance to someone or
something else. She /ooks like her mother. He looks like a film star. Choose the correct option in each pair
ol
sentences.
1 2
He looks like his father. He looks his father Are you OK? Are you OK? You look like tired. You look tired.
3
I look horrible in this photo. That chair doesn't look jike comfortable,
4
O
-.,n
-
b'ndi'$dulail
I look like horriLrle in this photo.
That chair
doesn't look comfortable.
€o*n**o** v5 uts$ilt;Md
How old
is he?
Wut kind of car does he driue? Il/hat colout'nre his eyes? use /:o-o' + adjectives such as old, toll, /07tgto ask for r.nore deLril vse uhot + kind of / sort of + noun to ask lbr
inforrnation about the noun also use what + colou,r
/
tinte
/
size
to
ask
fbr
specific detail
(iomplete the questions belou. u.ith the correct tstion r,r'orrls.
low
many how much ,'rhat kinds what sort how
* Put the r,r.orcls in the crxrect orcler to nr'.rkc cluestions. safe is your identity? The answer is: not safe, if you look at the statistics for dentity theft.
of crime is identity theft? ldentity (lD) theft occurs when someone steals your :dentity. lt's one of the biggesi new crimes in the
t colclur :lre l'olrr eyes rr,-l-rat? z hair colclur u.hat r,'our is? l hrir hor,r' long vour is? + month u'hat birthclav is y61111i s olcl t-ou hor,r' are? 6 street 1ir-e r-ou do cln rvhrrti : tall vou are hor.r'?
',vorld today.
people are victims of identity theft every year? Experts think that millions of people are victims aroLLnd the world. ln the US alone, it's around nine r'llion people every year.
D
-, does identity theft cost? theft is big business and costs billions of dollars to
"ational economies. of identity theft are there? -.lere are different types: using your credit card: getting a government -ratting a phone in your name or :ccument, eg a driving licence, are some examples.
F"
S'
tffi*trK$ffi#
!
\Atite
tl.ris infrrnnation on a
piece of paper ancl gir,e
jt to the
teacher.
d * *
.\rotlr
ftlll
)'our
aclclrcss
r-rarne
\'our birthdar.
-? Vrr.r are eoing
tct sten/
somcone's
rdentin'. Tirke a piece of prper: fron.r the te:rcl-rer 'rnc1 clo not shorv it tcr anybr cll,-. This is your ne\\, identitt-.
,$ \\brk in pairs and ask e'.rcl-r other questions trorn exercise 2. Fincl out \ ()rrr l):lltrcr"s lirlsc idcrrtitr.
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3 \A,rork in pairs and make a list of the people you kno$,'in the class. Tell each other what yolr know about them.
3 N€x';,r.iii Read and listen to the extract frorn the pla1. 5; Degree-t of Sepamtion on page 11. Do you know this theory?
k =?= :.'=:.. Listen to a woman talking about people she knows. Write the r,r'ords in the box
*. €l:+, i,i:ti Listen to an explanation of the theorv. Drau,'lines befir.een Lhe nanres below to shou.u.hich people
under the correct names. =
4..
irre
acquaintance classmate colleague V
'e-i*tening mnd ffi*nding
friend
zltz':3v 1 !;:=:-::a:=
neighbour
Sofia
Hans
con'ected. John
f,
'y
* Liste' again. The Ambassador Explain the link between ... Mary Robert I vou andJohn. The Secretary General of the z Jar-re and
United Nations
Robert. ,\{r Smith and
:
Mr Smith
the A'nbassador.
4
\Vork in pairs and discuss these questions.
Do you think this theorv is true? Are 1,611 connected to a farnous person in anv way? Tell your partner. My wife's sisfer has met the President. I work with a man. Hls sonb teacher went to
school with a famous s/nger
:t
Pilar
Ken
S
Listen again
ancl ans\l''er the questions.
t \\here is Becky's neighbour? z Does Becly know Hans u.ell? : Does she u.ork u'ith Ken? + Horv does she know Sofia? 4 Copv the diagrarn above and write
I : -
lf you are in touch with someone you see, speak to or write to them. Hs rs cller; in taur:h wilh irtpi;r'lenl p.r*pi€. You can lose touch with a person if you don't see, speak or write to them any more. You are then ouf of touch with that person. I losl loircfo witn a iai cl n:y scl;coi i**nds {fia*y ye*rs ett$. er* Ltut cl lor,'*i n*r.i Keep in touch or stay in touch are informal expressions you can use to tell someone you want to be in contact. !'ce, ;;u stor,. . iti .J itJrl:'l it, ut '.'
ilr
the names of people y'ou know. \Vrite the relationship underneath each narne. Then work in pairs and tell each other about the people.
Cornplete the sentences rvith an expression
Ihis ls Louise. Sheb my neighbour.
3
rsing
1
touch.
$he's stiil
,-
5he',",,rites
l j'n __ :
Jorge is a colleague from work.
nevcr:**
i*
witil h*r rirfindricin*r.
her every',;;eek. \i.tiih nry schc*l iri*nds. them.
A: $ee ynu later.
*: *l'r, ,-,,..*-,.
4
rrrlir hir iarrrily. i1* d*esn"l r,.reni t* l""i* calle ih*nr *very nonth.
{[all ...
r':taia tt ':,,
"&d
.:";',*:rmr*:*r Robert works
I read somewhere that everybody on this for a big
hotel
itt
planet is separated by only six other people.
the city cenfi'e.
Six degrees of separation between us and
) h' Smith knows nwrtj l)eople.
IIe sornetinres has hrnch with the
everyone else on this planet. The President
tutltnssadot:
is ojlen in
17e
tozrch zuith
itnportant people.
of the United States, a gondolier in Venice,
o use the present simple
iustfill in the names. ... I am bound -you are bound - to everyone on this planet by a
to talk about habits and routines and for things that
. . .
ere alwavs true add.r to regular verbs when talking rrbout /re / she / it use frequencv adverbs to say hou'often something happens fi'equenc,v adverbs go between the -sub.ject and the verb except with the
terb
to be
trail of six people. From Sx Degrees of Separation
*
bl' putting the r'i.ord clr phrase in the correct place.
t rmplete the text about online soci:rl ' ,,r'ks using the correct firrm of the
--
-
-.t. gilen.
-: a;,' people often (keep) in is the ,', ih friends and family using -:'= -:: People (use) social :- :'{ rg sites. These are special websites. (have) their I =- -+-oer
She uses the internet to keep in touch u.ith people. (e-cu1 dny')
,'.
:
: ::{ : L.),;
-:-
at Jim, for example. Jim ,",, s in touch with his network of friends. (not write) emails, he -=.-,,--,, site - - - -':'rat on on a social networking . .- ::,; J m often .,,. (fake) photos - - ',- , and (puf) them on his (iook) at Jim's r: :::: -l s friends :
z : +
Beckv talks to her parents on the pl-rone. (three tirnes n teek') Sl-re is l'erir friendll' u,ith the neighbours. (aluoli) She qoes olrt r'r.ith her colleagues. (oferz)
: ..,.:a .
Keeping in touch ,
by John Guare.
Cornplete the sentences
:^: : - -'::
. : -:
(see) the information
T-ey
then
(send) him
F*
\\rrrrk in pairs. A: turn to page 126. B: turn to page 128.
il*"i
d
i::;:jrir: ;:i a. ..:.
i-i-l
E-
\4.::-1.a
:5 ?e?ill{lf:lfi:l
F
aj!t?,;
g e
I
s
* Quickly read Readers' response on page What kind of texts are they?
!.
}psfi$fifis find Kefidrns ? Read the infbrrnation belou'about
CCTV
a u c d
caillerJs and Jnswer dre questions irr pairs. 1::
;.-.:i
*
I.i + ;t i ::
::
i
ij
t:.t i,-i T,'n.:tzj
::; ":+
;:
t1
:.
at
r z
Do anv of the facts surprise you? Do yolr have CCTV in your town?
:
\{,here? Do you think that CCTV carneras are
13.
advertisements in a newspaper
letters to a rlewspaper emails to a company messages from tl-re government
S
Read the texts again and answer the questions.
a
good idea?
r \\'ho \l,-orks at night in a shop? z Who thinks the article is not fair? I \Vho talks about dre police? + \Vho mentions other ways of r.l-atching people?
4 \{brk in plirs. Find ruo argurnents
in
favour of and two argurnents against CCTV canleras in the texts. \l'hich ar€pments do
you agree with? ^ .:
i,, ::
.
Wg3e;e+t.:,
,:
Place is a very common word in English expressions. lf something takes place, it happens. Th* festival takes plaee in Q*taberlf something is out of place it does not belong or is uncomfortable. ! felt aut o{ Blac* thsre. ! didn"t knaw anyboriy.
Look at the lLighlighted expressions in the texts on page 13 . Match them to their meanings or uses 1-5 below I to explain the first paint in an argument
2 3 4 5
$
I
t ;.
a:r
insiead of er;ery*lhere a pertieular positi*n or pad cf town that somethins is not appropriate for y*u
Grgawmwx' CCTV carneras at'e watching yott. II-e are pwning irt two rnlre c&ntelas nlu. I[b agree with CCTV carnerul
.
use the present continuous to
.
about things drat are happening now or around nou' use the present continuous to talk about ternporary situations u'e do not usually use stative verbs
.
talk
such as agree, belieae, know, like, need u
1
ith the presenl continuous
L-nderline the correct for:m of the l'erbs
*
:rc letter.
sentences. Ask one question ilbout each person on \-our partner'.s paper.
I am tooking / look oul of my window at work right now and I can see two CCTV caurleras. These cameras are belonging / Hong to the company, and they watch our flery move. I am not understanding / don't wtderstand why,we,;are:neeyding, l' need
rlem. I am
not,likintg,l;,Ao,n;;1y1i,ti
1lem'
Lola Sule
? - . ink of three people you knou.. For - - -. :t-rson! $'rite two or lnore sentences . _:... | .r.rr thev do. . :.rt ther- are probabl,v doing now. ' .':.'er Graham works as a secondary -: . :':cably teaching
a history class right
ir-r
pairs anrl conpare
lour
Where is your brother teaching?
$srmrnasffie
**fi*m
€ ':';= i=l:l Listen to fir'e sentences. Hou. many u'ords do vou hear in eachi (contractions = t\4'o u'ords)
* Listen again and u'rite the sentences. Then practise saying them. Pay attention to linking the words tosether. &
\Arork in pails and imagine a context fbr each sentence. Think about:
e
=dul lel.
\Vork
\Aho is speaking?
s \44rere are they? e \Vhat do thev sar. next?
up
vrdfirET!
Lmngasmge $**ass: s*e$s&
M/ork in pairs and choose tw'o or three situations from the list beloui Roleplay a short conversation for each situation.
'1
You are meeting for the first time.
2 3
Youare friends. lt's late and you would like to go home. A is working and B is the customer. B: you want some help.
4 5
You work together. lt's A's first day. B: introduce yourself, You are classmates. lt's the end of the week and you are
saying goodbye.
6 7
Read the phrases and cross ilut the response that is
z l +
A: it's your birthday. B gives you a present. You don't know each other. A: you bump into B who
s o
.
":::,t,:::
-.a.::ia:::i::'t:;:!;a:..
:.::',
a:
:
e How are you? e Nice to meet you.
"
.
Have a good weekend. Excuse me.
s Thank you very much!
: :i
7
* See you tomorrow.
Listen to four con\.ersations. Match each one -:rrrc rrnd a siturtiorr.
" "
Fine
thanks. n
Very u.ell, thank you.
I'rn nice.
Hi, I'm Georg'e.
" .
Fine to meet
vou. u
Nice to meet you.
Pleased to meet yoll.
Have a good weekend.
"
You
too. t, Thanks. .
Excuse me. " Yes, can I help voul
b
Yes, please.
You're welcome.
Yes?
Thanks for evervthing.
" .
You're
welcome. s No
problern.
Yes, please.
you tomorro\\-. You too. t' Bye. " " See you. I'rn sorry. " That's all right. u lt's OK. You're w-elcorne. See
"
s l'm sorry.
Listenimg
Hou,- are you?
.
drops something. :): :i!i;,,1i!;l; ;1
not
correct.
t
Situations
*xpr*sst*xls
spetrkrs'!# \Vork with a ne\v partner and choose one of the
tasks
belou'.
&
Repeat the vu'arm up activitv using the new expressions
you have learnt.
& Look at the audioscript on page 152 and choose one of the convers:.rtions. Practise it and try to memorise it. Then corrtin ue tlre corrverslt ion.
.slystal We use language to express our thoughts, form relationships with others, and build communities. The focus is always on the individual. lf you study language you study people, and people are as different as chalk from cheese. So their language will be different too.
Sometimes it's regional background that makes the difference. lf you hear someone say Ihaf s a bonny wee chitd, the speaker is probably from Scotland, because words like wee (little) and bonny (pretty) are hardly ever used anywhere else. And someone who says My car's hood and windshield were damaged probably has an American background; someone from the UK would say bonnet and windscreen.
s
Gla**ary background (noun) - the type of family, social position or culture that someone comes from BRB (verb) - internet abbreviation for Be right back; you use this to say informally that you will return soon LOL (verb) - internet abbrevialion tor laughing out loud; you use this to say informally that you think something is funny
Often it's social background that makes the difference. ln the 1950s in Britain there was a lot of publicity about how upper-class (U) people used different words from those used by other classes (non-U). U speakers had luncheon (or lunch) in the middle of the day and dinner in the evening. Non-U speakers had dlnner in the middle of the day. Luncheon is rare today, but there is a still a social divide between lunch and dinner.
10
15
Above all, these days, it's the technology that makes the difference. The internet allows people to express their individuality in ways that were inconceivable a few years ago. Emails vary from highly formal (Dear Professor Crystat) to highly informal (Yo, Dave!!). Older people often keep the rules of punctuation and capitalisation they once learned; younger people often try out new ways (l dont think so - LOL). But times are changing. As more older people starl to use the internet, they are also using the latest abbreviations more and more. BRB (Be right back).
\Vorm axp i \'e these sentences true (f or false (fl for you? . I speak more than one langrrage. . I speak differentlv at work to how I speak at home. . \Il language has rnany different dialects. . There is more than one language in my country. . Rich people speak differently to poor people. i \\brk in pairs and compare your answers. Do you agree? q
t.
",eodtns ' R:acl tlre text Sarn,e language -:
but
dffirent What three
Find words or expressions in the text with these meanings. t to be very different (lines 2-3) 2 uncommon (line 14) 3 lnost importantly (line 16) + impossible to think about or irnagine (line 17)
$pe*kimg Do you think the differences in English that the author talks about are true for your ianguage? Think of some examples. Use the questions below to help you.
.
How do people start and finish emails in your language?
.
Is it formal or informal? Are there different parts ofyour country that use different words to mean the same thing? Can you give
.
Are there abbreviations on the internet in your languaqe
,rs c'loes the author mention?
:rlterences in geography ::*erences in social class
" a
differences in diet diflerences in technology
I i:rcl the text again and decide ifthese sentences are . D or false (fl.
.
Lmmgaxmge $mexxs
:r;'rple are verv different, so langrrage is difl'erent. '- ,1 and windshiel/ are British English words. '-' .peakers had lunch in the evening. - =:hnology always makes language very formal. r -rng people don't use capital letters in the same way .. r people on the internet. -rng people are inventing new \\rays of using capital
an example and explain
Ilke LOL or BRB?
as
it in English?
Longuoge focus: ioining sentences I Join tlre sentences using and, but or so.
Readimg
1 Read Constanza's description of herself.
I have a dog called Lucky. I have a cat called Mimi. I have a dog called Lucky and I have a cat called Mimi.
a tr c 2
an email to a friend! an introduction for a social
networking site? a letter ofapplication for
t z
I'm short and slim. I have long curly black hair. My sister trained as a teacher. She's unemployed at the moment.
a job?
Is there anything in the description thatt true for you?
Hi! My name is Constanza Ximena Jara Castro, but people call me Coti for short. I'm twenty years and single. I born in Valdivia, in the south of Chile, but now I live in Santiago, the capital city. I study journalism in the university and I like very much this course. We are five people in my family - my parents, my two elder sisters and me. We also have got a dog called Kalu. My father's job is a photographer and my mother is teacher.
ln my free time I like swimming, listening music and seeing friends. In the future I hope to go to USA for do a Master's and my ambition is to work as a journalist for a national newspaper.
3 + s o 2
I'm thirty years old. I'm rnarried with two children. Clodagh isn't a comrnon name. People often don't know how to spell it. I have three sisters. I don't have any brothers. I was born in a smali village. I find living in a big city very strange. Read the joined sentences. Cross out any words that you
don't need. I have a dog called Lucky and fhave a cat called Mimi.
Prepcring fo write Make notes aboutyourself for a social networking site. Use the topics in the box to help you and include your own ideas.
Wnir'ing slqills: Xoekimg fer enrors im youn wer*( ? Read a corrected copy of Constanza's description and
Name Age Bifthplace Town Family Free time Ambitions
Occupation
find twelve differences.
?
* My full name
Which of these errors do you sometimes make?
3
Do you usually check your writing for errors befbre giving it to a teacher?
is Alejandro Gustavo Donoso Jimenez. c People call me Alex for short. e My nickname is Chacho. * I was named after my grandfather. e I have a sister called Andrea and a brother called Pablo.
t I have a dog whose name is Pepe. Hi! My name is Constanza but people call me Coti for short. l'm twenty years old and single. I was born in Valdivia, in the south of Chile, but now I live in Santiago, the capital city. I am studying journalism at university and I like this course very much. There are five people in my family - my parents, my two elder sisters and me. We also have a dog called Kalu. My father is a photographer and my mother is a teacher.
ln my free time I like swimming, listening to music and seeing friends. ln the future I hope to go to the USA to do a Master's and my ambition is to work as a journalist for a national newspaper.
Writing \4/rite your description and check it for errors. Then work in pairs and swap your descriptions. Try to correct each other's work.
ffieir:g e
Gnmmm'rsr
i Cornplete the questions r.vith the correct I _-_-_- marriecl? No, I'm single. r * _-- speak English? Yes, a littlc. your phone nuinber? l It's 07051-459-216.
I'm
----- Qri to u'ork right nou.. knou) rnany peopie in this tou'n. (not/ like) his boss, so he job. (kok) 6ot t'1s$' , -(not / speak) anv foreign ,\Il' rrrother languages.
sorry-,
I
(not / : I - \Iy brotl-rer-
\t
E
I try to orae tise usinS Errqtish as clf:er as I ean *utside the ciassro*rn.
*
I am willi*g t* take risks ai:d arn rxot at,air) c{ rEak;ng nl;s"iakes
*
i ain *rganis*e* in th* way i manag*': rny l€arning.
* *
!think eh*ilt
f
*
,
9r ! ^
Find and correct six speJling rnistakes.
x * g
.
,
'1es ,A
ar.rd repeat.
good friend
A neighbour
d family member vour first friend + new colleague or classmate
i
good teacher
: ^ -l
l t''y
{* us*
v;h*i I have !ear*t.
Fn*lisl"l
t* **mma;n!*at*
Add up yolrr total score and read what it lReans below. Congratulations! You are already an excellent language learner. Keep up the good work!
1
:#*
1-1
5
*b
You already have some very good language
learning strategies. Now think how you can
te ,&:l
- ir.r qroups of three.A: throu'a dice to choose a person -: lror. B and C: ask questions about the person. Ask age, job, farnilr. aucl r,vh'.rt their lsoft like.
! reguiarly revr€w
16-20
# g
,: Itittile,
^-^--rt*:--"
ffru ide;lai
lhis
ceoking
,".^ -L--""r
fcr hsiP
I ook at the pictures. Correct three ',rkes in eacl-r description. is Carlos. He'.s bald and ', cr-l-eight, ancl he's got a bearcl. , ris is \-eronica. She's midclle-aged, :r h .horr dark curly hair.
rnm i hpn:
x r sr*i. uudNs ii:r{J nr:,I:!ir-"\: il}y iir{-}!i{{-'r:*.
::quaintance bald clasmate colleage freind -eigth identity keyring middle-aged neigbour :rcffession umbrella
5
x
i iearn bcst. 'n*w l{ | dcn'l underslarlcl scntelhir,g I li1' to guess. s, i nolice n;;. niistakes at'rd 'ry t(i learn
voccrb#$#ry
I
*mrxgax*ge Smwrsxer
? Read the learning questionnaire. How often are these statements true for you? Give yourself a score for each question. Not usually = 0 points Sometines = 1 point Usually = 2 points
r.vords.
+ you do? I'm a teacher. : - .- , -* * is your cari It's red. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct fonn of the - in brackets. . :rb : \: Excuse me, can you help rne? B:
#e*d
improve even more. 6-1
0
You are starting to use the right strategies but
need to be more consistent.
0-5
Maybe you are finding ii difficult to make progress. Try some of the strategies above and
you could see a big difference.
Then
S * * *
€
Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Which of the strategies in the quiz do you use mosti \A4'rich do 1.ou need to use more?
Give your partner suggestions about things to do.
Write two new things vou will trr, to becotne a berter language learner.
Pcr?
i
l a.: .:a,.::a:a! at :jta:.aj,:,:141
V*e*bae
?=*=
*m$"3,s
#ffid Sp*mkimg
? Write the words
,-ira! ria:
in the box under the
7*=z*a <*azz?+rei*g
1+.;attz=bE*
bitter breakfast cook dinner eat fresh lunch saltY serve snack spicy sweet taste
t
7z a
t3.*
/z?
i'
**4 * **LE 71'z :
3 %'t,13 Read and listen to Tastes Do you have a name for this kind of food in your language?
comfottirzg on page 19.
correct heading below.
'.-, -tl',:aC1'
${€trffi!rT#
* Read the text again and rnake notes about each kind of comfort food under the headings name, clutrtl'y and ingredients.
,42;*
E?*yj
t=caa€
Kinds of
Food verbs
5r;,:i.iri:
meal
dtt V*'s n=t:**
2t?
3 Work in pairs and tell each other about the four kinds of comfort food in the text. 4 Do you have a comfort food? Tell your partner about it. S You are going to read more information about cornfort food in different countries. \Arork in pairs. A: turn to page 126. B: turn to page 128.
Describing
food
R Work in pairs and choose five questions from the list below. Then ask each other the questions.
* * * * * "
What meais do you eat with your family? Who prepares the food in your f-amiJy? What do you like to eat on special occasions, eg your birthday? What did you have to eat last night? FIow often do you buy food? \A4rere do you do the shopping? Do you eat out a lot? What kind of food do you like to eat at a restaurant? What did you have to eat this morning? Do you have a favourite for-rd when you are sad? What is it?
l'm going to ask you some questions about food and eating. B:
oK.
A: What meals do you eat with your family? B: I usually have breakfast
and dinner with my
family. I have lunch at work.
You can use the noun taste when you
describe a flavour.
lhis cfioc*i*ie
&as a i'ery sw€ef i€sle. It is also the name of one of the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste). You can use the verb fo tasfe in the following ways: fasfe + adjective
taste+like/of+noun si4'e€t / bitt*r / d*lt*i*us / avsNttl. if lasles like ckk:ken. Ihrs wafer tesies cf appJes. You can say /f fasies delicious to give a compliment about food. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. * ... has a swe*t taste. , ! lik* i*ad that te6te$ . ". r ltlrir-ik ^-. tasles awfui.
ll lasfes
1f$:r.;l'$
,r"
Gg"exffi"Bmmr h's a dish of pasta and meat. We are making nto dishes like this. There i-r some meat in. tbe dbb. I like cffie. Can I haae a cffie please? We haue some meat but we don't haae umy vegetables.
.
countable nouns can be singular or plural uncountable nouns do not have a plural
.
form
.
some w-ords can be countable or
uncountable
.
\rse
slrne and ntry with plural nouns or
uncountable nouns
.
we usually use some in affirmative sentences antl ntty in negative sentences
and questions
'l
Look at these v'orcls from the texts. Decide if each re is countable, uncountable or ifit can be both.
cread casserole cheese chocolate cracker entil meat noodle pasta pizza potato sandwich steak sweet toast vegetable
I
C-hoose the correct r,vord
to complete the texts. s
g.
*p*trK*a,Rff
-:^
'm feeling sad, I always eal any / some r
E Think of a drsh that you like and make some notes about it. Use the headings below to help you. lngredients
-:::
sJmmer I studied English in Scotland and
,': . :J with a / some host family. Scottish food ': f K. but they didn't have a / any good ==:. Two weeks later a friend from Germany and brought me some /any delicious
. .:
: - ::=tbrot bread. lt was my comfort food.
Who usually prepares it When you eat it Why you like it
* \Vork in pairs and tell each other about your dishes. l'm going to tell you about arroz con costra. lt's
i . - : -re I go back to my village in Turkey, . ,. -., mother to prepare baklava for me. : : : ry special cake, with a / - honey and
a Spanish dish and it's one of my favourites. It's a rice dish. My father usually makes it in the
summer. You cook it with some meat ...
#**wmffi t.:i::i
r
.!
r:i1
:!cer:!.; i r::
;*ty*l:
T*:z
.oz:r*rE
"t,p
a:z>';
".-
€r-+"-:e 1!z=
ltiCt4u:rza
{e*;zrzti€i*,:= ltz !+i'r:€, +
i!t*i*,
ze
+;zse",'c:,
?*,+" :1*? a={s,J#!.!
wi++yj
i:,,.1:ir*!:: :. :;
(:::*,:+.::,:::
1':t ?ize''e-i? ::?=+st
t':;,:t:,ttirlirr:t :
a.,:
+-
€-.35:
i .:
='*e:*
Readimg amd Speakimg ? Work in pairs and ask each other these
r Canyou cook? z Do you like cookingl : What dishes can you make? + Who is dre best cook you know? 2 % ?"?* Read and listen to'lln secrets ... fi"om. the world's top kitchens.
Which secret or
secrets are about ...
' food preparation? u food storage? c eating? a cleaning? . the kitchen? & Did you know any of these tips? Tick (rz) the ones you knew.
4
Do you know any other good food tipsl What are thev?
Gnommmr Do yoa er.t too mach food at rneahimes? Put it in the ouen for a few minates.
If you wnnt a lot ofjuice from
a lemon ...
Tbo much salt in a soup?
.
vse lz
little
artd much withuncountable
nouns
. . .
use
afew mdmaryt with plural
countable nouns use 4 lot of and Qzot) enough with plural nouns and uncountable nouns use too mach / many to say there is more than you want
3 Read the sentences belorv about a busy head chef. Match the sentences 1-5 to dre meanings a-e.
t z : + s " n " a " 2
He is always a ferv minutes late for work. He has a lot of friends at the restaurant. FIe eats too many cakes and biscuits. He doesn't get enough sleep. He has enough work at the moment.
He doesn't need any more. He should eat less. F{e isn't early.
He's often tired.
He has eight or nine. Complete the questionswithmuch or
many. ln a typical day .,. o how meals do you eat? . hou' coffee do you drink? * how time do you spend in the
kitchen?
, how u how * how
portions offruit do you eat? water do you drink? junk food or f-ast food do you
eat?
3 Work in pairs and choose four questions from the list above. Then ask each other the questions. Use the expressions in the bor to help you. a
little a lot
not
much
too
not many
many
too much
lrc*x.1 tgts*s'
VoeebuEsry ond $peafu.ing
I Describe the difl-erences betu'een these .:ree kitchens.
. cowl .9ass .:,./en
fire * kettle 6 saucepan
. scoon
E
*
e
e sink
toaster
. -^ s kitchen looks like it's in ... r --er€ are ... in this kitchen and ...
.
'
in that
- :chen. :^ink this picture is more interesting. -'etet ...
? 3
frying pan
a mug
i.\-hich kitchen do you prefer? \d,'hyi
ronune im?6*at
i
-;:,
:.I
.h
harre the
Listen to the words below.
/k/ sound, v'hich have the
,,,und and which have both? \\hich .loes not have a lkl or a /tJl sound?
- -:
.' chocolate cloth cook cup '.'< knife picture quick watch .:e
n again and repeat. What are the
:,rn spellings for /W and /t[/?
IbSdF&f icsnp!i!"u"'c tr{ rq4
? Look at the pictLrr e of Zlto Shen. \A/hich country do you think he is fron-r? \\l-ro you think he is?
dcr
* 'W i.i '1 Listen Shen and ans\\
(r
ro a short talk about Zacr the qtrestions.
r \\'ho is Zao Shen? z Can )rou name one thir.rg he does? : ltrIhere can )'ou see pictures like this? S Are there ar.r,v important belief.s about food or kitchens in t our culnrrei \\rhat are ther'?
-:
ffiemdirug
it#€
i \\'trrk ir-r pairs. FIou'rnanv correct pirrases can you n-rake rvith the rvords
3
Look at the photos
ancl nar.nes
of
diff-erent people on page 23. Do vou knorv any of the narnes? \'lthat rlrinks are they associated u.ith?
in the bor? coffee glass
cola
cup
juice
* I don't know this
mug
milk
e I think this is ... .r
bottle
tea
carton
beer
can
water
name.
This is the name of a kind of coffee
/ waler /
beer.
ft 1le :
wine
.
i'r; Read arrd listen to the text 7/:e
th'inks.\Ahat do all the drinks havc in comrnon? Choose the best
people ltehind the
Language note: some uncountable nouns can be countable if we believe
1l:
ans\,\''eI.
Thev are all more than 100 vears oltl.
there is a container, eg two coffees means two cups of coffee.
" t .
\\'brk in pairs ancl
"3 Read the text asain ar-rd complete the sentences v'ith the names of the clrinks.
ask each other thcse
questions.
l 2
+ on a hot summer's day? * in the morning, u-ith breakfirst? o after dinner? " in the udnter, when it'.s cold ciutsicle? ', when you feel sacl or rniserable, as a do I'ou like?
.,,_-.
.__*,-_
,,-
sponsors a famous bciok. ancl ..-*.,. -arefrom
France.
3 .--,.. .-".-- and .,.- are hot drinks. + .-...,....,. , .,, \\':ls given as :1 present. 5 u,-ere named ----, and --... after monks.
comfort drink?
\\'hat other drinks
They'.rre all cold clrinks.
Thev are not Enelish dr:inks.
\\'heni
4. Do you knou' anv of these drinks? \\'f iich
5
ones?
ffi €e #
.:;.,ffit'
-.-
The
behincl tlr Louis Per;'ier was a dcetcr a:'r# p*!itieian inr th* s*uth of Frari*e. At ihe end cf the l Sti.: sentury h* g*t a j*b wlth a fsrnpatiy that made
,r r"ii't 1,"9t tia'i;!r:1
ii
!,!tn!.!!ir.f
IIe wanted to rnake
a neu drink
ep*cial :xin*ral rnaater !n a h*ttEe. Th+ watsr was eriginaily p*pular ii: th* UK anel the U$, hui i* ncw avaiiabl* ar**nd ihe w*r!d.
It uas dfficah to anclerstand. use the infinitive after some verbs: ttgree,
forget, need, try, uarft
use the infinitive after adjectives Read the extr:rct from George C)ru'ellis I l;e ctrp of te a. C,onp lete the rulcs bv rvriting . or nothins (-) in each gap. Do vou agree , ith his rules?
A nice cup of tea :
sn't easy to make a good cup of tea.
: .st of all, you should l:5t1sP""","u.
use lndian or
: s important make tea in small quantities * r a teapot. ' : r need make the teapot hot first. put ......... hot water in a cold pot. -:r't
::'ong tea is the best kind of tea. One strong -=a rs better than twenty weak teas.
- .:r'you
--*q!g-.
put the tea in the pot, stir it.
- shake the pot. . use a good breakfast cup for your tea. s best in a good cup. put the tea in the cup - - - : forget you put .,,,--,-the milk in. :':'e
-=.
meant
s
be bitter. Don't put sugar
-;ce cup of tea.
'.
:'ire some rules lbr how to make a drink .:re tbod that you knou,-.
-.
rk jn pairs and tell each other your rules.
-= ,,.
'':tftantto... -= J LU ,.,
,
:s: ... to eat/drink is ...
_ __r9...
-:'Eet to ...
ffii****ry blind (adjective\
-
unable to see
brewery
-
a place where people make beer
@oun\
monk (noun) - a man who lives in a religious community away from other people
^.tI !O ut
/1 ?
... :
:
i:i! ;ii;l}ii:;
v0e0nursry
il!tt;::
&re
? Hou,' many parts of the body can you narne in Engiish? \Arork in pairs and complete the words belou-. :+i:rirl :::l t;i.::.*t:,ijil
li;i:: i'i t-1! t:.":tt:1s:t! :r:1:
I
rJ
\Vrite I or
--nails *-
\,'e use the infinitive to say
vhy we do
something
? Look at the pictures of diff-erent objects below. Describe what e:rch object is for using the phrases in the box.
* Look at the u'ords in the box. Decide if each part is inside (1) or outsicle (O) the body.
Hurnan beings need to drink water. to liae. What does water do to belp the body?
.
b ck e-r -rm elb-w f-ng-r f--t ha r h-nd he-d keelgnse
s-nrmsn
C).
breathe
underwater drink with
make ice
cubes purify water water water plants
serve drinking
blood
bone
heart
muscle_
brain
-
You use this to water plants.
skin
S \4/ork in pairs. How m:rny parts from exercise 2 can you see in the pictr.rre? !-rsTefirng
? You are going to hear a talk about water and the hurnan body. First check you understand the words in the box.
m'
breathe convert factor nutrients temperature waste P" #IfF i.?t Listen to the talk and u.rite the parts ofthe bodv that you hear.
S
Listen again. \Vhat do the numbers mean?
afewdays 2 % 22% 75% 85-95% 92%
! Hs! {
trs
&
Hou. much $'-ater clo you drink? Do you think you drink enough u'ater? Tell partner.
a
,f
%
..j'*i} ti
ii t
.t;
i' il
'
? Conrplete More *^nter.factr with t0 + verb frorn the box. flush grow have produce
a
provide
Fr*a?eim*&sfi*ra
]
.i,l:."
i.,,: Listen
ancl circle hoi,u.tl.re
underlinecl u.ord is pronouncecl in each selrtence. It'.s too
cold.
You need to clrink more \'vater. Around 2.5o/s of the planet's water is fresh water. The rest is salt water. It usually takes between 50 and '100 litres - a shower.
-*
It takes 5
--
You need 1,900 litres of water
kilogram of rice. OO,OOO
g *;+ l. r'? Listen
to the storv belou. then prirctise sayillg- the sentences. Pay attention to the pronunciation of ltal and ltu'^l .
the toilet.
to 10 litres
You need l
ltal ltutl ltel ltutl
one
---
litres of water
t.
-.-
one
kilogram of beef. On average, it costs €23 clean water for one person.
safe and
About 1.1 billion people do - not have access
to clean drinking water. That's about 1 in 6 people.
$pem6**rxg
? Use the prompts to rnake questions. * Floly nuch rvater / eyen- day? " Do / too little water? * Do / water before yoll go to bed? * Do / bottled \4.ater or tap weter? * FIou- manv bottles ,/ rveek? 3 \Arork in pairs irncl choose one of the tlsks lrelor,r.
3 \\brk in pairs. Complete the sentences in - ]rl1lry clifferent \,vavs
:-t:* :
as
Vou can.
the sncp tc ...
Ask caclr otltct'the questions From exercise 1.
E lt:rke a similar questionnaire about a different drink, eg tea or coffee. Use dre questions in exercise I to help you. Then inter-vier,r another pair.
il |i$e !^latei 10 .. . i :r;;:.q :.:,,-ii.:, :1;. r3
A
"
i:ji
'.tt: ,2
a
?
2C z& gc
1
.-
\* :/
,/
,.
:r"".* i t,
-
',rtrffl"ff: l!l;I
3 Looli
at the pictr,rres of four different places to eat. !\rork in pairs and describe the sirnilarities and clifl-erences betr,r''een
thetl.
:.r, l :;i:;:ii:::!li:fir:rt. .., r ni.i,:::,'..:::,:,r:f,:: : ..
-:
* fast food
* flight attendant
" tray
l, I think this is in ".. It looks like a / an ... e ln this picture they're ... and in this picture they're ... ': This one looks the most comfortable / expensive
\\'thich phrases do clrstorners
t z :
r'r'oulcl
7 s s *
over har.e to pav you there. thanks lovell-, it was. for tr,l.o, table please a.
/
'',. F{ave vou been to arly places like these? \\'hich photo do r-ou like the best?
rrq'ain ancl Ans\\-er the cluestions.
\\'ho is the lesen'ation for? \\-l-ro is readv to order: the man or the
$ ontan? \\lat is the problern rvith the fbod? \\1;rt sizc clrink cbcs the rnan have? Cou-ers,rrion -l: Does the u ornan har.e ant,thing else to drink? \\'l-rerc doe s s1-re ha\,e to pa1'?
Conr crsrdor-r l:
i-f
ql;t*{ *a i *
I i,i"f
\,Vork in groups of three. A ancl B: you are customers. C: you u'ork in a restaurant.
'Iirrn to page 130 and choose
.l:l:
. ' . ..'-,Listen to three conversations. X{atch each one to a photo. There is one plhoto vou don't need. .., Listen
a C.
lt' a!
Conr er-qrtior-r 1:
Mark them u'ith
',lrj,. -. 'r+ Listen and cl-reck your ans\\rers. Then listen ancl repeat the phrases.
interesting.
.
say?
to orcler vou u.hat like? here think I theret a rnistake. the I have coulcl bill? .+ vollr mcal vou did enjov? s medium small, or large? 6 fesen'atiolr lve've a got.
:.:.:. :arlji:.::it: r:..r
* self-service buffet
L*xg***g* F,*c*s: *:*?{ng *r*i 1 Put the u.ords in the correct orcler to rnake useftil phrases,
a restaurant menu. Then rclleplay a corrversation. Use the ner,r' expressions you have learnt.
,'n'0rm
' .
L*mgx*exgs €eea:s: !is*ing ingrediext$s
a.$p
.,mplete the sentences u-ith the u-ords in the box. r ,lictionarv to help you.
e:troot boil candy fry :-b sweets
:
kebab
- is a kind of meat. is a sort of rneat disir. is a kind of vegetable. .. ancl .rre s\l'eet food made with sugar. ancl .--,-,-,---, ere t\\.tl u.ays of cookine fbocl.
.
-
-
'',,hrit : llCCS
I It has got rice ancl lish in it.
sg.
$pe#Ki$'r$
other u'ords could you use to corrplete these
$ Choose three of the topics
?
each on a piece clfpaper.
_ srerTrffiff
r ,Lr irre goine to listen to six people talking abor-rt fbod . :-.r,rke s them think of- home. Tiv to match dre nanres cif :o
Choosc the correct sentence. t a It consists of rice and larnb. b It consists v'ith rice and 1:rmb. z " It's macle froil eggs and potatoes. t It's made for eggJs and potatoes. : a It's of vegetables, and r-neat and pasta. t, It's rnade with veg;etables, and tneat :rnd pasta. + a It is got rice ancl fish in it.
t1-re
countries.
::'sch candy kebab :::ritzel tortilla
pizza
* * * * *
a ry-pical fbocl or
below.
\Vrite one example of
drink from )/olrr country
or drink that vou don't like a food or c'lrink that vou liked rvhen you were a child a foocl or drinlc frorn another country that i,'ou like a foocl
\{rork in pairs and sr.vap vour lists. Can you
the categories?
*
Tell each other rnore about the fbocl or clrinks
on vour lists. "
-:ll ,=;:.':a:.::::::.aa,::'
-
.:lr
1..;;'.r-:,ai
::.4:'':':'
::?a1.aaa."::::t-:.:..:::::.
., -rssia -
-,.------
-
,s __*
t:.'ritt
:.
,
..i7-") ,;.'i Listen and check \rour ans\\rers.
--rster.r
:-
asain and lnatch the speakers 1-6
phrases a-f.
:.^e r 1: Mo, Iran -:.rker 2: Ciianfranco, Italy
-
- ,-cr' .l: Elenr, Rusria ,...ker :l: Marlies, Germanl,
-:ker -5:Matt, US,--:ker 6: Sonia, Spain --
: ,1::" :::, : - ::
a,.:: :
.a-:
.
la:...: ::
s lt consists of ... * lt's made from ... * lt's delicious! / lt tastes really good.
::fI11ilfl}r
-.
ud it is very tasty reallv. - :hink it is a very simple dish. )i course notPizza Hut but Napoli pizza. ', her- rernind me of grou-ing up in the United States. f,pical traditional food. 'r ,u most often have it v'ith French fries.
guess
[onguoge focus: describing hobits I Notice how we describe habits.
Reoding I Read Gustavo's description of food in Brazil. Choose the
We normally / generally / usaally have coffee with milk. People like to / tend ro eat quite late. ,:r.r
best title for each paragraph. a
Drinks in Brazil
b
Mealtimes
c
Invitation to Braztl
d
Food around Brazil
,&, q ai.:r:i::iii:!tr{li.?
*t*ffiffi ,ffi
It
2 Complete the sentences. 'l
2 3
4 5
4
meals a day.
The main meal of the day inBrazll is The national dish is The most typical drinks are -. Food and drink in Brazll are
to have our main meal in the evening. to use chopsticks when we eat.
We 2 J
2 Complete the statements. I InBrazll, people tend to eat
is clmmln /customary to have barbecues.
It
is
On special People -
5
It is
6
We
occasions, people to eat out. have a sandwich for lunch. for families to eat together. use fresh ingredients to prepare meals.
-
Writing - skills: using commqs IJse commas ...
to separate prepositional phrases. ln my country, people normally have three meals a day. to separate items in a list. breaffiast, lunch and dinner t
Find more examples of a and b in the text.
2 Add commas to these sentences. I In China typical dishes are rice noodles and dumplings. z 3
Noodles are made with flour eggs and rvater. For breakfast people tend to have coffee bread and jam.
Preporing to write I Make notes about food and drink in your country.
Use
the paragraph tides to help you.
Mealtimes TtTical dishes Drinks
2
Work in pairs and share your ideas.
a
The main meal of the day is ...
a
Our national dish is ...
a
a
Aspeciality / typical dish is ... Our main / staple food is ... Our most rypical drink is ...
a
On special occasions, we have ...
a
Writing Write
a description of food and
drink in your country for
a class magazine. Use your notes and the useful phrases
above to help you.
;
Unit 2 Writing
r
-
studied. Tell each other which parts you found easy
- :eed get rnore sleep. - rslish people drink a lot tea. 'r' ,u drink too lnany coffee.
or difficult.
2
--.e a coffee machine frrr rnake my coffee.
i
ls chocolate tastes bitter. :.rve too little eggs to rnake a cake. ,)'ri"r't forget buy some noodles. ,.'. important to eat enough fruit and vegetables. -
ccobulnny -- r tl.re correct option to describe each picture. ::lt / carton / can of juice ;rq / gkts-r / nrp of coffee ttt / Jiling pan / sa'ucepan ,n /,fitrk / kn(b .;t / -rink / rnict'owoxe 'gr'/ann/elltow .t/foot/back :l /nttncle/bone ':ttn/e
/ z:egetaltle / li/serce/taste
Think about what you har e lcarnt in this unit. Mark the statements a, b, c or d.
a u . a
confidently and accurately quite confidendy and accurately with help from my notes or my teacher
with difficulry
i ean .."
* * x * *
de*cribe rny eating
*"
find informati*n in a shor"t reading text
*
:.::
m
-
@ry
did vou eat and drink yesterdav? have a healthy diet?
, r'or-r 't
:'.,=::,;
about containers
k
anqJ
ancl rj drinks
under*tand a sirng:le Iistening pa$sage
t*
rilake a dish or eirink
descrlhs pilrpo$e using fo + infinitive Work in pairs and compare your answers.
I tU44k I'm. qu.r'te gnd at u/4furrtal4j/lLj ren^lug texLt t/4 thg M.. satuclua"es I fhl it fuffu'Llt to nn d"erann'd thc A41zruhj ?eqatet. I'm. nzt+vry gnd. at jrnmm.ar lx'tt wy k qu'tte gnd.. I'nted t0 ex7a'nl ruy wxabu/ay
upean/'ly
-: ot-ts-
-)
p!'onOunce the solrncis
Look at how Stefan has evaluated his language abilinr Underline the phrases which describe ability.
Sceoking cnd Writing ' -.', ,1;[ in gror-rps of three and ask each other the -.''-hrt
descn[:e things in a kitchen
4
&ffi
ffiry
taik apout ouanliiies
deseribe how
*
toast
anrn drinking nabits
ask about eating anel drinking hahits
& taNk
S
tt1.":;';-;--' : :',.':' :::'
*Pry E^!M.
I
need
Grammar
Reading
Vocabularv
Listening
, i eaI / drink too much / many ...
Pronunciation
Speaking
Social situations
Writing
'.1,
oon't eat enough ...
, rrk in pairs. You are going to have a parti, fbr - ,)ne in the clirss. \Vrite a list of the food and dr:jnkvou . . . :o buy. Then cornpare vour list with anrtther pair.
ume
Ltt
t?eakn'1
5 \A/ork in pairs and describe your abilitl, in the areas below. Make suggestions about bow to improve.
r I eat a lot of ...
. i
I
-:rct the llistakes in eight of these sentences
,s much biscuits do you u'ant? . - .,u1d I have a feu'sugar in my tea, please?
' ,
I
, :ick (rz) the two that are correct.
:
,
!
"" yorJr lsvlsufrge leGtrn$ns BvotrjsfEns tr Work in pairs. Look back at dre unit you have just
rromrffiffitr
to your teacher. Sav v'hat lou hl. t found easy and difficult in the classes so far. De'cril-'. your general language ability.
& Write a letter
V*e*h*isxrvJ*1J*nd Sm*e*k!sr* t \{atch the words to the picnrres a-h. art
Words in the same family: discover - verb discovery - noun discovered - adjective undiscovered - adjective
manuscript painting photograph sculpture self-portrait cave
sketch
old
statue
t
\Arork in pairs and describe the pictures. Use the rvords in erercise 1 and the useful phrascs to help vou.
Complete the sentences u.ith the correct lorm of discor:er. ''i ih* arai:*ei:ic;isl* rr.::ij* an i$plriaii: near t** 1*wi: casti*. ;
ii t This picture shows ...
j
c I think this is a picture of ... " lt looks as if + clause ... * This is from + time / place ...
*
I (really) like
F
page 31 ancl matcir each text to a pictr-rre.
neecl.
* Read the terts again and complete the sentences with onc or ffrore u.ords. r Tlre Verurs de llilo is a statue of z 'llre Wnts de f,'li/o is nou'in I Sorne '\{cxican lvorkcrs cliscovered
:.i.1,:.3&
::,1.::{!;
- ,--gd - r'* n:
's
i
t*t
1:'51
't: 3,:
6 7
'"::...
_r_:j:-
.:* ,
rr
s Ask each other these questions. * Do yon likc art?
\\hat
their \ran GopJh paintine' u-as Vtse itith Floiuet's sold frrr The rnan found the Declaration of
kincl of art do you like? Do 1'611 harre any art in volrr house? is it?
Inclependencc r.hile he rvas shopping at r.vas
insicle
\\ho
is
it
br'?
Ilave vou ever been to an art galiervi \\hich onei
21 *.-.-
rs.
4a@'
"* :** "l.',,
* \\''hat is the object? * Holl. olcl is it? * \\here did it corne from? ' \\/h-y is it important to vou?
The sculpnrre is nor,r. in . .. - ,.. The couple lrom n{ilri.aukee thouqht
nranuscript
-.:.._..,,,-,.
,& Tell vorr partner about an object that is important in vour famill'. Use these qllestions to help you pfepare.
\\hat
g l-}le
rr-r
$:
sculpnrre rvhile ther. u.ere installing
. l: !r9
.#a
:lir*lrhe*c
be1or,r,..
i .r€.jr!e
r.::.r1-&
r-.,.,::..
_
\4rork in p';rirs and choose one of the tasks
There are lour pictures that vou do not i3
i
3p##Hsffiff
/ don't like this picture ...
; t= i .:,.. Rcacl and listcn to Discoxct'ed!
-.
_.:
*hulrl *as*li*ri. ,-ici
H***i*g or1
"...i.r'
l'.ic;;s ile.sl: i)::*ser-.
'.1i
ln 1820 a Greek peasant named Yorgos was working in his field on the island of Milos when he found several blocks of stone. Under the stones were four statues: three figures of the God Hermes and one of Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Three weeks later a group of French archaeologists arrived by ship. They bought the Aphrodite and took it to France. The king, Louis XVlll, called iL Venus de Milo and gave it to the Louvre. lt is now one of the most famous works of art in the world. :
Under a street
A man and his wife from Milwaukee, US, asked an ari dealer to look at a painting they had in their home. While he was walking through the house, the dealer saw a different painting. The couple thought this was a reproduction of a Vincent Van Gogh, but it was in fact the original. On March 10, 1991, the painting Vase with Flowers
soldlor $1.4 million.
At a market
:.,
r',:.
:l
archaeologist lnoun) dealer (noun) -
reproduction
.
a person who studies ancient so. :1
a person who se ls a particular prod-ici
flea market (noun) peasant lnoun)
-
-
a markei where old things are
- a poor
(noun)
-
person who rvorks cn
a copy of sonnethirg
s.
: ::
:
a.a:-:' :r: : l
YEII I
F qRAfrI''A* :'
,:
-.:.:
|a...-
!.: I i...r t+
tjFpgerN\r!
-:
S
ru
€
l>
fial
: i,=.4;
t'. :r :a,
\Aiork in pairs. Tell each other what you rernember about the $-orks of art from p:rge I1. Use the phrases belor'v to help vou.
"-41
Complete the texts r,vith the past simple or past continuous fbrn-r of the verbs in
brackets
A Gr*ek psasant was wcrking in his fielC
vrh*n... a..jt aila.a I rt .; itri:l
,l:;:,:.1 :
jltt::=:!
1,:;,
l1i tJ::a.;ir'a
!1.. tllii|at'::i
.jrre dav an ad dea:er weet
i:.. !:.?
-ro
tris,t'ife in 1,4'l*tr-,kee \ril.ile a
:a
a
+
a+ . a:.t:,1 : i a;- t' l
a:
{
t-} :,
A
:"rran
{i^^ iivd t.
i. ::.:.
a',, : j:4:? a:: ::V:::.a,:
:
behind an old casino in Dawson City,
'r:arr and
hC lt.eS rva:krnJ
3
"
more than 500 films from 1903 to 1929. The
films *
-
-
-
-
.
(be) in perfect condition
because of the cold temperatures.
-
from PhiiaC*iphia was shopping ai
t.^-, ^:., ?1tiLtI Mdingi ---t
(discovsyl"::".
Yukon when they
+4"^.,-L r!^ x^,.^^ tr )r uuqr I U lg i ruu>= -..
:',,:t,. jl.. .:.::,):' '. 4.4,,
i isil
*.1
(d/b)
ln 1978 workers
ln 13,3 a cro,-r: of [4exicai: l,o'orkei s trt"tl puttins cjoivn el*ctrical cables u;hen ...
,r.
'*,-
ln 1990 Barbara Testa, a librarian, "..
(find) 665 pages of an old book while she
Check your ans\\rers in the texts.
(/ook) through a trunk in
her attic. The book
f;****^t vl uttEltEut
(be) the original manuscript of
the ,
'l
great American novel Huckleberry
!
\Arrite the past simple forrn of the verbs the box. Nl the verbs are in the text on page 3 1.
Finn by Mark Twain.
ir-r
arrive ask buy discover
get pay see sell *
Put the verbs into and irregular verbs.
tr:r,'o
Every day employees of the God's
find
take
groups, regular
arriaed by ship Yot"gos was working in his f.eld. Wile he ztsas walking through the
-
-.
(identify) it as a 2,700-year-
Three weeks later a group of French
saw a d iff,' rc t tt
rock in the basement. ln 2O0O two Egyptologists (vrsif) the museum. They -. (examinelother items when they . (see) .. . the black rock. They
old statue of the Egyptian
a'rchaeohgists
d ea lc t'
House Tower Museum in Southampton. UK (put) therr bicycles against a black
King Taharqa. honse, the
pa i nti n g.
use the past simple to taik about completed actions in the past use the past continuous to talk about an
action in progress in the past the past continuous is common with a simple past action u herr one action interrupts the other
+
E-,j,
i-'t {}z f.r
{
t a"l 1 t"t
t -'
a- a.
:::. a :,'\
:}.t' : : !. -
:i,
a
I
:.:
a,
V*ecbasicry,u
3 \4hich of these things can volr see in the picture on page 33? armchair carpet coffee table curtains larnp mirror shelf
sola r,r all ra indor,r 3 \Ahich things do,vou \A/here are they?
have in your house?
Reoding 1 & 2.34 Read
and listen to an exrracr from of Dor.ian Gnzy. What was
-. book The Picture
'
',:oening?
2 l\brk .
in pairs. Choose two of these
,::rions and then discuss them.
. .
Have you read this book? \trrould you like to? Dorian makes a wish by saying: 'l r ish that I could always be voung. I wish
Glcs*ary
:hat picture could grow old instead of me.' ],\buld you make the same wish as Dorian?
huge (acljective)
cruel (adjectivel
"r,\hv?
.
soul (noun)
Do vou think people are too concerned '.' ith being young in today's society? '\bur personality is u'ritten on your face.' I.\hat does this quote mean? Do you agree
.
,.i'ith it?
Fronune
iafion
-
-
causing pain to people
-
extremely large
the spiritual pad of a person
wit (nour) - the ability to use words in a clever way that makes people laugh
wrrTrng ? Read the opening sentences from four short stories.
1 ft i.33 Listen to some senrences from -: r€\t. Tick (/) the verbs that have an extra
'
,":ble
in the past tense.
- decided walked itop - stopped -rcicle
,
i',
I ,
alk
!
-
- looked rpen - opened:emember - remembered -
::;-;:;r,, l.a:;: , i.:a?..\::4 i,:.*:a,,)iti1_;ra. *t-j:-
,,',:::.+
,. a,:1.*','.:
: ':iija',
jt:;
ta:::.,a::'a-.
-rrok
iiq;;
-
2 ?ractrse saylng the verbs and the past tense
:.:, ;,,
il.,:r"lA,ir :::-t+ ,.i:jiV :,i:;: e.;:.::'. :';-::;.:+.
=:
i-r-t::rt-i
:-j
i-i'.,ai
il')a:::
iii:1::,j:.,i1:...; :a:-.|::,1i.tj. '::,j ii: :.::+
ji'l::liri,:,i::_
2
3
Hou'do you pronounce the past tense of --::C f-efbS?
asked discovered hated finished stened loved needed started ,',anted worked
Choose one of the sentences and continue the story. Write two or three
more sentences.
*scar Wilde
(1
85zl-1900)
Oscar Wilde was an lrish writer of plays, poetry and
3 Work in pairs. Swap your stories and add another sentence to your partner's story. Then retlrrn the story to volrr
wit and commentary on the
partnef.
society of Victorian London.
novels. He was famous for his
V*amhu*&mr"y
?
Rearrange the letters to make the correct
li-orc1s
<(< yapl
wirend
I
ll
pots
saupe
>> staf wad
^4. I cejet
*. t'k
,..:i. I-isten and check Volrr answers. Thcrr rcpc:rt t he r,r or',1r.
S I'Iatch the u.ords to the pictures on page 3-i :luLli()(:tssette -,,C,D
D\D
plrrr cr
phones \ I P3 plrr er
h ead
$p**kdrxg ? Look at pictures a and b. Make some notes o1-l the clifferences betu'een then'r. Use useftil lang'uage and pl-rrases to help vou.
t# ,,l,i Cornplete the instructions u-ith the r,vords in tl-re box. Then listen ancl cl-reck \rour ans\\'ers. d$
the
s classical music
* concert hall
e
conductor * guitarist
€
* play
" rock group
e e
record
recortl plrler video cassette ...--.Do vou have anv of these things at horne?
This looks like ... The picture at the iop
button down
drummer
off on plug up
watch
e orchestra
/ bottom shows
...
* l\laybe / perhaps it's in ...
* \\brk
in pairs and describe the
difFererrces bcru ecrr tlrc picnrrcs.
*
\\rork in pairs and ask eacl'r other
tl-rese
questions.
* \\'hat kincl of nrusic do vou like? * \,\here do vou usually listen to music? At *
home, at u-ork, on the br-rs etc? Do vou listen to rnusic rvhile vou are
u.orking or studr,'ing? \41hat kind of tnusic?
S
\4rork in pairs. X"Iake a simiiar set of instructions for a CD or tr{Pl plaver.
- ;rening emd Wririmg
Grgrmme
- :re qoing to hear a lecture about -: )r\- of sound recording. Before
'
-::n. list the words from vocabulary
'- ,; -l in order from oldest
t!
to newest.
' .:i& Listen to the lecture and check
- ra:\\ efS.
.:.n
to listen to masic on uinyl Vinyl records used to be popular. They didn't ase to baz;e CDs. People used
. .
aqain and complete the notes.
n"
.
use rxed. to
discs.
to taLkabout regular actions
in the past which don't happen now use used to to talk about siruations in the past vrhich arent rue now the negative ol used to is didn't use to
? Look at the picture below and rewrite the sentences wid'L used to. In those days farnilies were bigger. ln those days families used to be bigger. t Most women were housewives. z People didn't have lots of things. : Most families didn't have a television. + Some families had a radio in the living IOOm.
2
Make questions with did and use ro. Add two more questions.
t What rnusic z Where 3 you -
you you
listen to?
go to school? have long - hair?
- each other the Mrork in pairs and ask questions. &
m
ffi f**us * 1. ;i,i.ri. 4,r'F w Gro-r**r Oi.t .i . . ( r u."; r.- .... p:C.. .'.J
G - lnglish we can use the phrase the nineties :- Cescribe the years from 1990 to 1999.
Fncmur*eistient
.> at univeraity lri ft]€ fiineries. - nformal writing we can write the g1s. --e years 2000 to 2010 are sometimes called
! % ?,3* Listen and repeat these sentences. Pay attention to the stressed
'-= noughties.
words.
,mplete t-he sentences r.rith tJre correct .: -'ades.
ron t like musrc from 'r89). . ^^ *^-^ i^ ,.d>uurriilr
.- -
i]980*
/tna^ tnen\ lrvuu-i,eavt.
(1S/0
',.as at school in
lgBS).
Mv brother used to olav the suirar. I didn't use to listen to classical music.
In connected speech, usedto is pronounced /jurste/.
2
Underline the stressed words in
grammar exercise
-
1.
S % E.€* Listen and checkyour answers. Then repeat the sentences.
Port
4
.-.-_.-:.:aa
:,::la : iti-i:
:t.. ;r::!1j; + t* ii _' _.::rji:::li:
: iglt;:!
Voee burlcry
N"istening
I
Match the words in bold to the words in Lhe lr,rx u ith sirnil:rr me:rnings.
1 ffi
Listen to the composer Anclv Price talking about horv he uses rnusic in
I was feeling cheerfrrl todat because ... ... makes me feel very calm. Last u.eek I u''as miserable because ... I'm frightened of ... ... makes rne sleepy.
filnrs and TV programr.nes. Tick
I'm alu'ays anxious when "..
angry bored excited happy relaxed sad scared tense
Complete the sentences in exercise thev are true fcrr you.
1 so
e & i,JI I-isten ro four short pieces music. F{ow cio they make you feel?
of
Listen again and choose the correct
ans\\.ers.
/
has always been an
important paft of film and television. lf you want an audience to feel scared / angry
then use violins, played very quickly and on a high note.
4
Gentle music on a guitar, piano or violin is
Ilnasine one clf the short pieces of rnusic is part of a scene frorn a fihn. Listen again and answer the cluestions.
, o . , 5
the
angry calm excited happy sad safe scared tense
Music used to be
2
(r')
f-eelings he mentions.
2 tired
':..;itli
good for love scenes / death scenes. Choral music (people singing) can make an
\A'here is the scene? \Arho is in the scene?
audience feel fense / sad. When the character of Robin Hood appears
Hou'do they feel? What is happening?
in the programme you can hear trumpets guitars
\Vork in pairs and tell each other about dre scene you irnagined.
I
"
The orchestra used to play / usually plays in
front of a large screen showing the film.
3
\Arork in pairs ancl compare your answers
:^ use/ust in spoken English in different ways. - - ihasis: '
' .* nf{l
-'=z^ anly: .- -aliss rne bared. ":=t
avcnlltt'
..:i iike -
'
his father"
into thc fbllou,ing scntences. \\/hat doesjrzst
:r each one? ^+ -.1^^^^ -- -li:1. lilledDU.
:-
:s
a mistake.
'' - ..'.-tlo'lheClf
::rking
ls\rurai I lvanied.
cmd Reedimg
,. in pairs. \\trite clolrr thc namcs of )p g'lroups you can tl]ink of in One
,
ith anothcr pair and colnp:lrc f]rerr rlls\\cr tlrcsc tltrcsti,rrrs. ) nllsic popul:rr in 1'our countn'?
-, u
'-,
'
listcns to pop lnusic?
,lr like pop
music?
' Reacl ancl listen to the extract \ick Ilornbs,'s High Fidelitl .Ilorv does .'ic nrakc the rvriter f'eel?
,,frlt ', oLr t-t
t
Pairs ancl discuss these
think tl're author is bcing serious
tn\.i
'. \\ riter
thinks British people are verv
l.etl of violence in videos.
people in I'our colultrv \\orrY about Dci vou thinli it is a problemi
.:
G
I
nce*nr"
melancholy (noun) - a feeling of being very sad and having no hope miserable (adjective)
-
extremely unhappy
sld q&f
uf"d
s€ c'
"ryHr
sle s 8"1 dss IHF#
action comedy drama horror musical romantic comedy science fiction thriller
ft
Describe the sirnilarities and differences betr'veen the pictures.
kjnds of films do you like?
r :
r:
* costumes
e in black and white
e madial arls .3iliiji:illil.;*
j
;i!;:
s l've seen
/ l've never seen ...
This could be from lndia / Germany ...
$ t€?#m&ridn FFl*sksrr!!#
T 4:F
i.Gr;-.i.;1.* Ljsten to three conversations about fihns
and match each one to a situation. There is one siruation t-or-r don't need.
" t . a *
T rgree. Absolutely.
/ Definiteli,r I don'r agree (rt lll). Well. rrrrybe brrt ...
Yrru're absolutely right. That's what I think too.
E xa
r'tlr
/
disagree but ...
.
R
'.ryii I =i.- Listen and check your answers. Then listen and repeat the phrases. Try to copy the intonation.
-.:::,,,:,:r .,
* I think this one is a / an ... a
ft#
1 Read the sentences and markl for agreeing, D fbr disagreeing or l for in betu''een.
Oh plea'ei That s right. I sort of agree
:4.;,!.:j::.-j::ii:..!7::"::::;::::":..:.:.:.,, .:tt rt+l ::. :!::i:..j
:i:,. a::=.1,4i;!i;:ti':'..m: ,j::;.jr.l.:+:::r...:.1.t 11.....;. : :
ffi
d6
T \4rork in pairs and look at the pictures fronr four difl-erent Ilhrs. n{atch the pictures to the types of film in the box.
S \\hat
L*#gei€xfie ftreL,$; trsr€€ir'i# #EStrffreeiffi#
An inten'ieu.situation, perhaps on television or on raclio. -\ couple deciding u.hat to rent at a D\iD shop. Tro frientls corning or-rt of the cinema. A te acl-rer giving his opinions about films to a cl:rss. l-isten aq'ajn and ans\.\.er the questions.
Conr-ersrrtion I : Did thev both like the filmi Conr crsrtion l: \\h:rt kinds of films do thel' talk about? Conversation -l: \\l-rat kind of film cloes the \vorrran \\ ant to \ce:
Spec$<&*g Wbrk in pairs
ar-rd
choose one of the tasks below-.
& Complete these sentences with your ou-r-r icleas. * Jir''o great fiIms are --- -- and * Tu,'o great actors are ancl - * The best musician from rnv countn-is --,,-* The worst kind of rnusic today is -
Compare your ideas ll'ith your partner. Do you agree
or disagree?
&
Decide
hou,-
much you agree or dis:rgree u'ith these
statements.
* u * u
-N{usic used to be much better.
Hollvu-oocl alw'ays produces the same kinds of films.
There is a lot of exciting new art around todav. Art galleries and museums are important for socieq-.
Compare vour opinions with your partner. Do you agree
or disagree?
The'power of music by David Crystal '-s c has the power to engage all the emotions - from excitement to relaxation, from tears to : -: ,'.'hy does it have such power over us? The clue lies in babies.
--:
,',,ord
laughter.
lullaby has been in English since the Middle Ages. lt's one of several, such as rockaby and
' -s^aby, which show how generations of mothers have helped their children fall asleep through music.
:.:
es can hear in the womb about two months before they're born. Newborns prefer their mother's And they show preferences in music too. One research study played the ::-e tune to a group of mothers every day throughout pregnancy; another group of mothers didn't -=:" ihe tune. When all the babies were born, their head-rate was monitored while the tune was : .., ed to them. Only the 'musical' babies reacted to the tune.
: :e to that of a stranger.
--:'e s something special about the music of the voice. From the moment a baby is born, the *::^er talks to it in an unusual way. Her voice ascends and descends from very high to very low - ist like singing in speech. And infants soon copy. You can hear them trying to sing from around
-: months of age. ': rdy, of both speech and music, is especially ;- ficant. ln another study, infants were shown two
#{*ssery clue (noun) - a piece of information that helps you tc understand something
longer (adverb) monitor
(verb)
-
more time
- to
regularly
check something
stranger (noun) - someone who you do not know
::ires of their mother. ln one she was singing and in -
= other she was speaking. They looked for longer at
-:
singing one.
-3ing also simplifies our vocal behaviour: words are :-::n shorter, sounds are clearer and repeat more often, '^: they often rhyme. Nursery rhymes* work so well :::ause they combine these effects clear rhythm, =:eated sounds and rhyme. ln the music of speech ,s the foundation of poetry.
-inl ? IL!
i&
t:ga UM
,ti.* ,h. nurserv
rhl,rne .,r,ith the rvords in the bor.
\no\\i this lhlrne? 3
ows
fall
:.-a-bye baby on the tree top, ' : - :1e wind
. :'adle
':,
.-- --
will rock,
-
will
-.
- ,,
,,,'ll come baby,
.-:
and
\\hat
do these u'ords ref-er
toi
s thenr (line 12) r it (linc 2) 6 one (line 18) z It (linc -3) z ther. Qnre 2l ) r that (line Q 8 thcl- (line 22) + it (line I l) * \\rhich of the facts in thc tcxt cio 1.6vq1 think are the nrost interestingJ? Conrprre vclur icleas n'ith rt partner.
.
:1e bough breaks
: 'ad le
Reacl thc text aeain.
L*nga;mg* $*ews Look at the u.ords in the box and put them ir.rto n\() grolrps tnttsic or ltnlties.Then translate tl-rem into vour langr.tage.
born infant melody musical nursery pregnancy rhyme singing tune womb
-.,.
- ,. ou rernernber anY nlrrserv rh\.rnes in \.our
- -:: \\''hat
are thevi
l.
-r,; M"$ -
r l tl.re text. \\,-hich sentencc is the best sulnnun'?
-ic lrcl poetrv arc 1inhcc1. : .rle afl-ectecl bv rnusic fi'orn a verv voung aqe. ,irs arc rnore sensitive to rnusic than aclults. ..rbies are an English inr-entiort.
F
ie
*p**Kf
st#
\\rork in pairs
. . . . .
- i
:
zrncl
.
:1
ask eacl-r other these qucstions. ,.
dicl t'our Inother or father sing to you? \\Ihrr :.n 'l clid you har,e a far.ourite record or groupi \\-hrt rt,:. -:
did l'ou plar,' an instrunrent? \Vhich onei clid vor,r har.e music class rt school? Dicl lon dicl ,vou use to sing? \A'hat sons-si
.n',
.
-:
iiliili:itntai::i:u1:J:r
ti:!:i:rlni:ii!ri11"::
Reoding I Read Stefano's
2
Find 12 more places where Stefano with a comma.
Who gave the concert? What sort of singer is he?
1
4
Where was the concert held? What happened during the concert?
5
Did Stefano enjoy the concertl
3
i
.
l
has joined sentences
review of a concert
he went to and answer the questions.
2
i:r.l, :::
.
3 Join some of the sentences
using and,but or
so.
Longucge focus: cdieetives Make your writing more interesting by avoiding words llke nice, good or great LTse your dictionary to find different words.
Improve Stefanot writing by using these words in the text. moving
power{ul talented
tender and expressive
Freparing to write I Think of a concert you have been to or would like to go to. Make notes about it. Use the useful phrases below to help you. Paragraph 1: \44ro was the concert given by? Give some
information about the performer. Paragraph 2: Where did the concert take place? Who was in the audience? What happened during the concert? How did you feel? Paragraph 3: What happened at the end? How did you feel?
2
Work in pairs and share your ideas.
r The concert was given by ...
. lt was a live / open air / sell-out conced. . lt took place in a stadium / a concert hall / a field. The hall was full /packed / half empty. The audience cheered / clapped / shouted. e The music was brilliant / powerful /moving. a e
2
Would you enjoy the concert? Why?
Writireg ski!!s: sen*enees I You cannot join sentences with a comma. You need to new sentence using a fulI stop and capital letter. Stefano wrote:
start
a
Last summer I went to a conceri given by l,/asco Fossr. he ls
one of ltaly's most famous rock stars.
He should write: Last summer I went to a conceft given by Vasco Rossr. He is
one of ltaly's most famous rock stars.
f
Qir.
-- rWritino
r I felt excited /
moved
/ happy.
Wriring Write
a review of a concert. Use your notes to help you. i i
i
rromm&r ' -,,r.np1ete the sentences r'r-ith tlie past sirnple or past :r.rLror-rs
l,r\\'
-
forr.n of the verbs in brackets.
lnucl1
'.i,hen
b,ou / pt1,)
(ttot /
for us.
(fir|
q'randfather
rile
he (sell)
^
valuable ruen rLscript
week?
"
In what situations do you speak English? For example, with friends or family, at $'ork, in social siftiations etc.
" r
\d4rat do you talk about?
it to the rnuseum for more than half
the sentences r,litl-r tl-re correct firrrn of trsed to rhe- rvords in brackets.
music
$,ou
/
your
One way to praetise speakinq is to rneet with a con\rersation partner hetween class€s" Your partner t:an be sorneone from your English olass. You ean use some of your tinre togeiher to practise what you have iearnt in elass.
L,rrnplete
\hat kind of cre a childi
class help to improve
speaking abilir.v?
nillion dollars.-
,
How can speaking outside
in his attic.
(zuork')
{e
:
p,r-y
lve (-,r'air)
- ', il
for that paintinc^? anvthing. It was :r present. ) (ttrri-"te) at the cinerna, our friends
eomverssfiom perfnerx I \Arork in pairs and discuss these questions. , How often do y'oti speak English outside class every
listen) to when you
,,
(lisren) to pop rnusic. I
-
-..rssical music then, but
''ocobu!cry ' lclcl the definitjons
I
clcl r-rou,-.
(nor
/ like)
--
3
\A,.ork in pairs. Make arrangements to meet conversation partners this week.
*
.rrq-e 9rou1-r of musicians u.ho use
.
o c h
.n irnirge of a person or enimal,
.
:rrde of stcx-re, metal or u.oocl , )Lr usuallv put books on these
orr
C)n the phone?
s
Sorne other length of tiruei
it
--omplete
.
- rrsed to be angry / tense / igl:tened ofhorses. \.ulna :rlu.:rvs has a happl' face - she'.s a sad / chcejiil
f
Decide lrow !ong you will rneet for"
For fifteen rninutes? For half arr houri
s
1
"
*
-
the sentences rvith tl-re correct -\\rord.
tnrrrlortable objcct to sit
Deeide on a time and plaee to rneet.
ln school, befbre or after the class? In one persor-r's house at the r,r''eekencl? In a brlr or caf6 in tl.re evenir-rg?
and cornpJete the u,ords.
rjtrlrments to plav classical rnusic )Lr can listen to live music here
as
,v Eeeide which of theee topies you wouid like tc talk about. Add your ovrn icleas.
..rrtr/ person.
Filrdine out about each otl-rer. taste in :rrt, music or books. Things I'ou usecl to do in a previous school.
- irirte exams - thev make rne nnrirtn / relaxed / sle ep\,. \s a chilcl I usecl to feel verv nisernltle / bored / excited ,irout goinlf on holiclay - it u,as the best w-eek of the
Feelingp that,vou had this u.eek. Some thing's that vou dicl this u.eek. Instructions fbr using solnething.
/
\bur
i'.1f.
Speoking cnd Writing " :,\irrk in p:rirs. You are ill in bed and feeling rr.riserable. , i our partner hor,v to fincl your favourite music ancl plav ' :-- \ our music player. Thcn s$rap roles lrrd repeat.
?
4 N{ake some notes after the meeting.
\\,'hat was dre most he1pful or interesting part of the rneeting? t 3
,\ ork in srnall groups. \drrite four sentences about vour .lhcrod using z.iel to or didn't use t0. One nrust be fa1se. ,.; it in turns to read out vour sentences and tn' to guess ' 'h one is false.
\Vhat was difficult? \Ahat will you do differently next tine:
Serf l
qf***"t, **-" ? "s.sLLd F;'nF"fiSJl 4
$?*mdcr'*g
:'r
d
? Look at the phrases belorv. Put thenr in order frorn most importent (1) to least import:rnt (4). Compare yoLrr answers u.ith
E Read the text U/han I g'oi; the children talking about? a
paftrler.
good-looking
being
rich
being
*
being intelligent
having good health
in bold in exercise I to tl.re u,ords in the box u'ith silrilar meanings. There are two r.vords in the brix that vou X,'Iatch dre rl'ords
clcin't neecl.
\Irhrt
are
" u " *
Their hopes for their or,vn lir,'es ancl their
*
\\rork in pairs. Choose tu.o of these
fanrilies
Their
l-ropes
for the
r'r'orlcl
Both a ancl b
Read the tert again. \\Ihich qlrotes irre the most interesting frrr you? Choosc tr'vo clllotes and tell x partner.
questions ancl then discuss thern.
awful beautiful clever excellent handsome smart terrible wealthy well-off
zlp.
*
Do,vor-r tirink these children :rre
optirnistic or pessimistic abor,rt the
wonderful
*
i3 Look at the n^'o extra s.ords. \A/hat rre
*
they synonyms of)
4
Look at vour list frorn exercise 1. Do 1.ou think your order u'as different in the P:rst? Horv abor-rt in the funrre? Complcte the
funrre?
Do children in
1'6111
colrntrtr- have similar
hopesi Did vou have sirnil'.rr hopes u'hen you ivere a childi
sentences and then compare r'vith a partner.
Wher I virs yclricer i prcbabi"v Lh,;r:gil ... was
rrrrs inpn$iill. ... t;ll! be
wF{€hE
E
* ,",
lr.ta:ttJ
ifrD{ifi.rri-:i:rvitsrt i'n: ,;l**l-
.:,
.ff\unn
Wu;t #Wi #ffiffiw
I can. \one aas ^o \oflq 35
a,.-.- tt.:':,::
aa: z;*it:l t-.=... ..-.
,: .i,t\S-. ,e,,.1 ! ,i,:,.,t;i;,j.i,::;:. .
-
"':'\nfil\ \${ar*\o\Ne::srhe\
:.,
so(il
do s.methins
bad
\Nne
I hope that People in m) iareasa\i
|,dtiketohavelotsotm0ne\:-.1'"?4....}''t.t?1*i,@ ,--.o't
:*lj21t+
j'i'j"z " * rzop.c - :'-=":;i:{"{5*{+'3}'':'*"*n"u:;"t
:' .-,.,,.,:.,1,2
11
/ hope
W
to
*':j,-! 3':2, a- ,, --^\{a{e\"no\*u,sdrtterentlanguagesry,-r,.,r;;,,*,:,totofrn0ney :t'::i-;1;: i*"t-',i*{ My family is gning
- c\ann\ng t"
tuly
rnum \hoperhatrni
and meets s0meone
to find u hn, fif' *:. a &0X
has
a
baby'
-'^,"7 trff€'s{l&
...::i 1-.:,.:, !::: r,a:=.,:
* Complete the text using the correct forln of the words given.
Gromrngr I bope to haae a lot
I could like I
of monej,.
The hopes of children
to be super intelligent.
ln a survey of English schoolchildren, researcher Cathie Hoiden found that. for their personal future, the ma.iority of boys and girls hope fo go / going to university or college. They also all hope geffthg 1 to get a good job. More boys are planning fo pass / pass their driving te$t than girls, and more,girl$ are looking forward to have / having children.
nt
lookingforru:ard to being older. I'm going to be a fun but good teacher.
o
rse haPet Pla,n, want and zuould like to talk about future hopes that aren't definite
.
use the
.
use look
. 1
infinitive after
and would
For their local ar€a, children in the repod said they hope for less violence and fewer poor people" They also said that they would like have I fo have more parks and places to play. The majority of boys and,girls are looking forward ta tiving / live in a world without wars and an important number of them said they would like things to get / gefting better in the developing world.
want
hope, plan,
like
forward to to talk about de6nite
future plans rse be going n to talk about things you have already decided to do
#reE:c1|tt#r *+e*g
a
-:,^e ri.ith the words in the table? Use the -: r: to help you. going get
a good
getting
job.
l.
of the icleas in the box that you u.ould like to talk about.
hope
forward planning want would like
r,ta),4
)peaKrng ? Choose three
FIou- rnany correct sentences can you
looking
* {:t'.}':i:t-',:.},t ,t
. n
A place you hope to visir one day Something you hope you don't do in
" * *
ftrnrre Something you're not looking ltor-ward to A person you'd like to meet one day A person you're going to see today
tJre
?
Work in pairs. A: tell B about your ideas. B: ask for more information.
S
Swap roles and repeat.
..:,;,llt..i|.::.;i.;::1:i:.:1:i'::1]irilwanttooe$00d-lookingw fu\JAiS *eca;se **fai,ce' reY n+,, h.^ tt* wAiS i:-;:';"c';r hrcths,-* da\ I. t"En
'
rne .ne
dad t0 f d liKe my
@i,C rvt'AVe -Ii ;ihe 'rriv t*
*E?: r*E**"iir *^* nftil'dLru; i$b;) u*
^ -,ifa,
t,,tit
understand
rrr$
e'4
l
. 1.". l:;: :":,..::, ,,,r., ri:r!r-i':.:ii-1 '1 .'i
i''
ii:it
i:t"i
i;lilfil i*ilti?*:l
, I
wary
tn ,u
a
**,
rtr,. in ,^ "' the
,
hAVo
- -d_ n.
rr-'
l'd like pe'ple t0 Qrn'^'
/d t'ku
'ace
ho(rse
o " "" oo oorru'lllh u lta0o0d{{tte'l'dlikepe0pletogroLu,-'u@tolh^' lta'ooq "'oeher;a difference or, -r 'nrite' v,
.
,ilant to be
WlS0.
ar,ht
\\\\ Y t*,qtirnq\ow
to
-'
otb Hc:,.*: -,:.:
,
{*oo*l,,io"u q:Mt"#&!r(H s#rsu ^*u{ itu istening T Snrclr'the graph irbout fbreien aicl
V*ewba*Xmry
bcloui'lhen lvork in prrirs
definitions belorl''.
?
ancl cliscuss the
ffi
md Frmmumqiwtism
r\'Iatch the rvords in the Lrox to tl-rc
qLresti ons.
" e
1'OU?
Do vou knorl,
any- aicl
orglnisrticins?
\\11-rat are ther'?
*
vori ever qir.en monev to :rn aicl or:ganisation?
FTave
s
Do \ou think riclr countries shoulcl e'ive lnore ntoney iu fbrciqn aici? Do 1,'ou kttolr. an'one u-ho u.orks for an
6
disease homelessness hunger natural disasters pollution poverty war
Does irnvthing about the qraph surprise
r z : + s 6
aid orqanis:rtion? :.':,, Listcn to t\\,o aid urrrkers talking about their next job. Pr-rt the intcn'ieu'er'.s questi(x-rs itncl cornrnents in the cclrrect orcler.
S
:1.:.,;'
IIou. did vou beconre aid u'orkersi \{"hrt is the r.r-rost ilrportant tlrirrq in vour jobi
-L
So, tell us lbout vourselves.
'I'hanks for vour time. \I'hat are I'ou eoir.rg'to do tl.rere?
*
Listen again. \\l-rat do
tl-rese worcls rnean
in the listcnins?
4
Danish
Guatemala
two years
ago
village
\\rould vou like to u-orli lirr an aid
org'anisation
?
\,\'h1'?
This graph shows the percentage of GNP (Gross National Product) that developed countries give to foreign aid. The grey line shows the average percentage of all OECD countries.
!
;
E ! f
TR E6'
T g N 3
z
f
z *
people c1o not hale enor-rqh moneJ,' people do not l-rave a place to lir.e people do not have enoush foocl peopic are sick
countries are fightinq cach other \\,eather or environmerrtal problerns such as floclcls (too much rvater) or earthrluakes (u,heu the earth rnoves) the air, water or land is dirtv'
Conrplete the pronunciation chart with fi'om exercise 1.
tl-re r.iorcis
O
Oo
\ tr
ttltlttral
oC) Ooo
oOo
tt'.+ : ,::. Listen ancl check vour :lns\lrers Tlrcn repcat tlte ir r,r'tls.
S
Srommsr .ti :
going to work u:ith the children there. ot'ganisation is star.t)ng a nezu project in
ar"e
;:e
ttittemalo
ne,yt
)lear
.
use be
.
have already decided to do use the present continuous to taik
goingto to talk about drings you
about future plans, often when they are already arranged Read the text and decide ifthe :crlirrcd pilrts rlre correct or inc,rrrect.
.n correct the mistakcs.
Susana:wgfk€ foie]Spanish.iNGO..:in Madi'id;, The organjSa!'o*,tt *tnrt a,trroie'C-!. next,.,.'',.,, .month ioi.EthioBia,r S'usana, :
going'{or
is:
with a :bcQl::womenls.:qfganisati.on,jnrthe,],
.
rk,
Wo
:i . ir
country..T6g9!hei:tl]6y!!!pj$h{
r,,'
p,,,,',:,
an educalionalprojeet:fq-f,paegnant:women.r,
ilq,.EthiqpiaVtjth',a., . group of doctors. 'l'm a bit nervous, but I've
Susana:,i53oin$lOj
. .,,:
been tO:Afriea,bdfciie-.anld,:!::know,,Lthiopiit;,1, .,,rr
n"
2
:i.sre-itt,broieCiil.:'
""i!:.
\: \44rat
-
you English book this year?
(r'earl) an
am. I have a detective novel want to read.
B: Yes,
I
you
-
(uork)
tomorrow? B: Yes,
{:
I
arn.
(stufu')
-
English next year? B: Yes,
I think
so.
3 \\'ork
-
in pairs and ask each other the '--stions from exercise 2. *
z
tar;ezt:*c&r $+r r:
g -,.:r:
i.L
ii
: i
r
r:'ri
I
Reoding ond Speekimg \'Vork in pairs. Read Puntltnn's ltot rnd then discuss the questions,
. \
4ry do you think the Ancient Greeks thought hope u.as dangerous?
I start at Saml you
/:!l,l
(gu) away
-
i-;
i
r
i"
!-i
:,
:,x-$\'
$w *S. r:'-!
(r/o) after class?
B: Meeting a friend. you -\: next sununer? B: No, I'rn staving here.
.\:
,
.l
Complete the questions with the present ntinnous or be goittg to.
Did people use to have more hope twentyyears ago? A hundred years ago? Are you a person with a lot of hope? \ilhy or w-hy not?
t,,
Fqrt 3
li'.!+*.r :ri i i
i:!i
+::
:
i!'a: i,{:::
i',:!i{::!:!} * *;;t:i.'1-.
i'':'ij:. .::-.:
i:"+ r.:?:iq: t+':
ti:::t :.::
gi]:r:.:rr:i
.;
arij
r+r!,
:t::1
Read dre sumrnaries again :rnd decide if the sentences refer to 1981, Braue !{eu Wor/d (Blllla or A Hand'mnitl's Thle (HT1.
4
K€QdEffiS
T \Ahich novels do students in vour country usuall),'have to read at schttol? Did You read them:
t
\\ron-ren u'on't be able to have children.
X
z
There'll be only three countries in the
knor,v anv of these books?
: + s o
Look at the titles belou' cif three famous books that students in manv Englishspeaking countries often sntdy Do you
*
4-:'e. :.:.!i Read and listen to dre surnmaries and tick (r'') the f-eatures they have in cornrnon.
" u . a
u'orld. There u-ill - be a nuclear disaster. \Ve u'on't have \\rars. --Babies u'ill be born in firctories. -The government r.vill control people's thoughts. -Lore r,iill he a crinre. People u'on't get sick -frclm disease. .---
z s $
The storv happens in the funrre. The governnent controls even-thing. The ston'happens in Eng1anc1.
Look at the sentences in exercise 4. Do vou think these things u''ill happen in the future? Teil a partner.
People are happy -
a lt's possible.
e l'm sure ... won't
* I don't think ".
* l'm sure... will ... * I hope not.
e Maybe ...
.
qnr frlnee v!essqr J
Nineteen Eighty-Four
dystopia (noun) - imaginary place or situation where everything
The author: George
Orwell (1903-1950), The novel is set in the future, but it is the year part of the 1984. Winston Smith lives in London, country Oceania. There are three countries in the world: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Big Brother is the leader of Oceania. The government controls everything, even people's thoughts. Winston works for the government, but he is getting tired of his boring life. He meets Julia, another worker, and they fall in love - a crime in Oceania. The government discovers their secret, and Winston and Julia must go to the Ministry of Love, a centre for enemies of Big Brother.
'"n""fr .€ *..{+
a -#i
#kAg,
Brave New World London, 600 years in the future. The Controllers are the rulers of the world. People don't know war, poverty, disease or pain. They enjoy leisure time. spods and pleasure, but they are not free. The Controllers create babies in factories. Adults are divided into five social classes, from the intelligent alphas lo the worker eps/ons. When a man from a wild area of the world gets to London, he criticises the society. ln the end, he
"as to choose between joining them or dying.
interlile (adjective)
-
is very bad
not physically able to have children
pollution (noun) - chemicals and other substances that have a harmful effect
on
air, water or land
revolulion (noun) - a situation in which people completely change their government or political system totalitarian (adjective)
-
controlling a country and its people in a very strict way
underground resistance (noun) - a secret organisation that fights against the qroup that controls their country
A Handmaid's Tale ln the future a revolution replaces the government of the United States with the totalitarian Republic of Gilead. Because of pollution and nuclear accidents, many women are infertile. New laws create the job of handmaid, a woman who can have babies for rich families. This is the story of Offred, a handmaid. Offred works for Fred, a commander, and his family. She wonders if she can get away, and learns about an underground resistance from another handmaid. But there isn't much time. lf Offred doesn't get pregnant soon, she knows they will send her to the dangerous colonies.
r romm#r . ;:tre will
be
Voecbulcny I Look at these phrases with ger from the
only three countries in the
\Vrite them next to the correct meanings of ger in the table below. summaries.
'-,1,1.
i- uten wontt be able to haue children.
.
t
vse will and wlvx't to talk about future predictions use will / uon't be nble ro to talk about ability or possibility in the future
. '
R.e
z
world
s
. :nclerlined sentences v,ith will / uon't ot ;:ott't
ger^r
to Londrm ...
I If Offred doesn't get pregnant soon ... + The popuiation gets oll their infonnation from the television.
ad the text about Fahrenheit 151.
':rplete the summary below by reu'riting
.
\4,tinston w-orks for the gor.'ernment, but he is getting tit'ed of his boring life. \V}ren a man frorn a wild area of dre
be altle to.
Soon Montag gsl.r i.nterested in the books
.
.
Meaning of ger
beconie
gettizxg tit'ed
recelve
atflve
2
Match the phrasal verbs u'ith gel to the
correct definitions.
1 2 3 4 s 3
get around a return (from a journel) get away t travel get back ,,"..,$:9,1!urt,'of,bed ,,.,.1,.i, ,..;:,.; get together:,d,t,leavql escape ;. ;,-.':. , . ' , , get up ,,e.:spe d ti.mewith,som,eo'ne
Workin,paigq,and alk,eaehotherthe,,,,, questions.,. :,:.: :,.'.'.1'.],,,: lmagine it's a perfee!;.utcpian world ...
n
What time do you get up every dayi
- Rav Bradbury's vision of the future ...
'^. government will control society through "= media.
' *
2 Read the definition of tLtopia. \A'rrite five
o
--,licrions lor a lirrure utopia.
'
utopir (noun) - an imaginary place or .ituation in which everything is perfect
z
''
j
?+ret* -" ii:t:rli:11-;i::ii: ii .i:lf :i,}:,i,:,i: .:: :::::r*;'-'i:i:t ,i i:f,iill',. r,:ir
-,97s32"771llu*.';
==;s
+ :
l,:lj
\Ahat tjme do you get back honre {iom workl ,';; . .,. Wrhere {s.you geta*a}awhen you need a holiday? How often do you get together with iriends and family? Hor.r do you get around? \Arl-rat kind oftransport do you use?
*E 4@',*€g
re,= +4
e **-5 j "b -F-F a '' F ;;-,.4'+ryeia ;.-
-lEl-
*= h ,"r 1+hs .,'E + {. "rl-. i*"-
Port 4
'ii;i&*,-{:=!! :.:,rii }++1}:+.:::
Voeobulary 1 Look at the pictures and complete v'orcls
,4r] ;i:xi!1:"+il:+:iil tf f,iia!
Listening the
with dre correct vowels.
2 % i "li Listen and check vour ans\\''ers. Therr repeat the wortls.
I Look at the film poster on page 49. Hou does the poster describe the film? \\hat do you think it is about?
Fr..?+r+ 9llii+: *i'*r;;,:,:
2 % L5? Listen to people talking about the film and check your answer.
.::lr?l::iir::j
3
i li:j::::::[.t.
*!i;*+ *
g+ s,:.lts t"; "6+
r,:* :t i i: lt
**;
it
+-"
Listen again. Are dre staternents true
(7) or false (fl? Speaker 1: FIe sar,r,' the film a feu. years ago. Speaker 2: She didn't know about global u''arminp; and climate chang'e before she sau the llhn. Speaker 3:He liked dre fihn. Speaker 4: He thinks it's a typical
Holly.wood film. Speaker 5: She doesn't believe that climate change is happening. Speaker 6: He thinks it's important for
young peopie to see it.
4
Have you seen this film? Would you
like toi
Terrified describes how we feel. I was terrified by the film. Terrifying describes things or situations that make us feel terrified. It was a terrifuing experience. We can use this rule for many adjectives: bored / boring, frightened / frightening, interested / interesting, surprised / surprising Choose the correct words to complete the dialogues. A: Did you see the film?
1
/ boring.
2 3
A: So, was he angry? B: No. He was very relaxed / relaxing about the whole thing. I was su4orlsed surprising. A: l'm a bit nervous about the heat this summer. B: I know what you rnean. lt's aworrying , worried situation.
lf'i1.r:lir:ir,
:,
:'tji{4"!ii:
Lrr:+:'
Speckimg
? Read the questions below and think about youl answers. How to reduce your carbon footprint
1 2 3 4 5 6 ?
flm, you will think
It -'e reduce carbon emissiznsl'u)e will reduce - :tl ::'nnning. . rtter future time clauses such as afleti itfot'e, ahcn and z/we use a present tense
'
-rr|nplete the sentences u.ith the present --,.e or future simple of the verbs in - \ets. rr
-:
e
r ,re future. .:
--,: r ou '. r.lrs, you
(not do) something noq (haae) serious problems in (look) at the ten hottest (see)
they happened
rhe last fourteen years. ',\}en this climate change :"tppen) L--=(&e) dead.
ju
I
--*i.\brk
(think) differently after (see)
it.
in pairs and complete the -::nces v.ith your own ideas.
..
Do you buy things with lots of packaging? What? Have you ever planted a tree? When?
Follor'r
Ifyour partner ansu.ersyes, ask -up qrrestion.
3 Look at the information in the tabie and tell 11611 partner hov'mucl-r carbon they u-ill save if they nake these changes. Action
Carbon saving
Change to energyefficient ligirt bulbs
68 kg per year
Recvcle half of your household waste
1,095 kg
\trralk instead of drivin€i
0.5 kg per krn
\Vash your clothes in cold 225 kg per vear \\,'ater
Reduce your household by 10%
54.1kg
Plant a tree
907 kg
w-aste
:--
. i ,u
Do you ever walk / take the bus instead of driving? How often?
Do you use a lot of hot water at home? What for?
\Vork in pairs and ask each other the
the
4,,ltet"tou see tbis
'
Do you recycle anything? What?
questions.
3r'omnne r ; :;rently.
Do you use energy-saving light bulbs? How many?,
:lass finishes .". :::fore the end of this year. = ..,eather is qooC tomorrow iar,,e enough money ...
W*nm
a'xp
\\tork in pairs and choose three situations fronr the list beloui Roleplay a short conversation fbr each siruation.
L*argw*gs $*cals: c$$ers cnd dee$si*rss ? Read the infbnlation in the table. \\,hat verb do u-e often use to rnake offers and clecisions?
Situations
'1
A: you are talking to a friend (B). Your train to the airport
j:
Offers
i I'11
I Shall
leaves in 5 minutes. You're late! B: your car is parked outside.
A: you arrive at your destination and get off the train.
carry those books for
i Decisions
I
)'ou. _
pav for this?
i
Let
i
I'll
i
I won't take the train.
take the next train.
i---:----..-----*-
B: you are carrying a very heavy bag.
I'11
take a taxi.
A: you are in the train station caf6 with a friend (B).
Language note: sha// is usually used only in quesiions
B: you don't have enough money to pay for the coffees.
and with I or we.
A: you are at the train station but have missed your train. You want to buy a ticket for the next train.
B: you work in the ticket office.
E
3
Conrplete the oflers or decisions with z-rill or .rhrtll from the box. There is one -"'erb vou clon't need.
ancl
t
r,'erb
carry
l-*^*i** srE iL*
have
help
pay
take
q-Esc6e
?
,.;I;+
: ::'),--,,.i: Listen
three conversations. tr,{atch each one to a situation in the \\rarrn up. There is one situetion t
)'ou clon't need.
*
Listen again and ans\\-er the questior-rs.
Conversation 1:Hou.much is the billi (lonversation 2:Holl, is the man going to qet to the airport? Clonversation 3: \Ahat train is the u'oman eoing to take?
t z r +
A: ,\re you reach'to order? B: Yes. I salad.
A: I don't ---a understand this. B: Thlt s illl lieht. I r orr. \: Thc nc\t train is irr tr,r cnw rrrinutcs. B: \\.e it or u'ait? A: Here, let me take those bass. B: Tl-ranks. but - it's OK. I .. ., . , them.
* "r+ :.i:
Listen and check vour ans\vers. J'hen listen
,r:-
repeirt the phrases. F!.
bp*trK$itff
\\trk
*.ith .*r...u orr,r..r
ancl choose one of the tasks
below.
.& Repeat the u.anl up activiw using the neu,
expressi.,r..-
vou have learnt.
* Look at the audioscript on page 15.1 ancl chclose one ofthe conversations. Practise the conversation and tn tr, memorise it.
sf,
LGngLecge locus: synoaly#rs
'tr'cl'ITl UF ; ....i ten reasons why people learn English. Choose the r :nd the bottorn 3 lbr vou.
::ining English
because ... job r,r,-ith a rnultinational cornpany. .ike to get a .. .rnt to understand songs, TV programmes or films in
-
Read the sentences from the listening. Which word in the box has a different meaning to the word in bold?
r
ill be helpftil for my career. planning to get a job in the tourism industrv. ,,, rnt to meet other English-speaking people and r.rrake --:rds. :. important for my studies. .'. r u-orld language and it's important to know.
z
Nail
Saudi Arabia
is very
important nowadays. these days
I'm learning English because it will be helpful for my career. Abdul, Libya
,,
*
job :
profession
university
We need to study Engiish. Dain, South Korea
studies
work
It is essential.
necessary
important
.:ke English and American culture.
I
I believe English
actually currently now
:lish.
pe to get a job with a cornpany in the USA. , iike to be an English teacher.
\4rel1
obvious
vital
', ,rk in pairs and compare vour answers. Can you think -,'
other reasons u'hy people learn English?
- srenrng ' '. -',.+; Listen to six people talking about why drev , :.rrning English. \Ahich reasons from exercise 1 do a
.l'e? \Vrite the numbers. -,rtlul, Libya ) ',
Sa, Russia
iert, Turkey
,-
+ s o
Naif, Saudi Arabia
Arthur, France Dain, South Korea
5p*rokimg
? Read the questions about learning English.
They
are
typical questions from international Engiish speaking exams. Choose three questions you can answer.
" * * * *
How long have you been learning English?
Why are you learning English? How important is English in your country? How will English be useful to you in the future? Think about your answers and practise what
you want to
S
say.
Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.
i-ai'lguuge $*eus: re*king iffivlt*tim*s frn#
H€tr#Ffl#
3 Read trl
",nnil,
betr.veen friends.
\\'that do they arrange to do?
*16'#$3ff*ffies'?fg
3
Mark these expressions frrrmal
(fl
or informal
(1).
t I am u.riting to invite you to go to the cinema. z How do you f2nqr going to the cirrerna u'ith rne? l I'rn afraid I'm busy tomorrow. + Unfbrtunately I am busv tornorro\\.. s \{iould it be convenient to meet on Fridav er.ening? o \A,tiat about meeting outside Pizza \Vorld? z I'cl love to see the film. s I would very much like to see the filn-r. q f'hat r,vould be u.onderful. to That sounds great. rr I look fbr-ward to seeir-rg )'ou on rz See ]rou oll Fridal-.
Fridar,'.
X Read the ernails again and change any expressions that are too fbrrnal. ffn*pwn$mg
f*
wn6**
a lilm you have seen recentiy. Use the useful phrases belou-to help vou.
\Vork in pairs and teli each other about :
X
\{rould you like to
e lt's a western / comedy / drama / thriller / musical. s lt's an action film / ahorror film / a documentary. s lt's about...
see
this fihn? \\hv?
Wnxe$r'xg sk$*$s; fiffi$mrffi'bmB sSXm
?
Are these statements trlre (7) or false (fl?
In emails to friends
a b c d ?
6 lt's had brilliant / good / quite good / poor reviews. € lt stars Marion Cotillard and it's directed by Olivier Dahan. a
The acting
/ photography
I'tn, it'//. use informal sirlutations such as hi, and, endings
tAf*i*i** wgl{ttatv
such as r*eezr.
Wrork u.ith a ne\\.partner.
clo rrot use contractions such as
\\re call miss out salutations and endings. $re must u'rite
in paragraphs.
Laura ancl Pamela have not usecl contractions in their cmails. Ilake 13 chang'es to the emails.
3 ,\Iark drese expressions formal (1), quite infbrmal (Q) or rntbrnal (f. Hello Best
Laura Dear Laura Hi Laura wishes Cheers Yours sincerely
Bye for
is wonderful
/
poor.
...
now Regards
Yours
d
\Vrite an email to lrsur partner inr-itrng them to see a fiLn. Describe the fiLn and suggest a time and a place to meet. Then slvap your ernails and write replies.
,:'
Using your dictionqry: finding rhe rigl* en?ry ? Work in pairs and look at the phrases below. Which
Grommor ,n::::iete the sentences do
),ou do
/
with the correct words.
are you doing
nextweekend?
:. "l,-ttt - lrrpe getting / to gdt togedler with some friends. ;'ould llke
-
-
to learu
/ learning another language.
"); - I'u1' / 'm going to buy a new car at dre weekend. -,\}en I buy / will bry my new car, Iwill able / will be able
, ,r
:,
get around more. r-:: \ ou looking forward to go / going to university? \:r-t month I will strlt / am staning a new job. -: .he world's tenperature gets / will get warmer in the -.:rr few years, glacial ice mehs / will meh.
ilocobule x'rr
ie
word would yau lookup in the dictionary to find the meaning of each phrasel
r 2 r + 3
need.
seri,er desert flood
forest fire homeless Gan poor storm war wealthy well-off
't.mral
disasters
People with a lot InoneY
::,rple helped by aid
Sorne words in a dictionary fiave rnore than one entry. ?l'ris mighi be because the sarne word can beiong to two elasses: eat an orange an crange dness
{adje*tive}
Speoking cnd WnifXmg I \\brk in groups of three. Ask each other about your
Find two different word classes for each of these words.
1
heat
pretty fair $ornetlmes words have the same spelling but cl iff erent rnean i ngs or d iff erent pron unciations.
4
Find two meanings and pronunciations for.these words.
I
tear
z
close
Some words have many nreanings. These are listed at the beginning of sn entry.
-:rs for the times below.
-ilter class rhis evening rhe weekend
ne\t summef
-':, to find one plan that is the same for everybody.
grcen (adjective) like grass in colour with lots of plants
1 2 3
5 r
2 \\brk
:
{noun}
tI
Geographical features
:ganisations
if you were right.
*
lake
of
see
The most inrpeirtant wcrd in an expression is called the keywarrl" Keywords are often noun$, but can also be verbs, ad.iectives er adverbs.
3
. . , .
Look up the words to
*
2
:
get away lall in love against the law
a"y
ri-ords into the correct boxes. There are two words
- io not
global warming
in pairs. Write a list of five things people could do reduce their carbon footprint. Then cornpare your list
---h
z
caring for nature
4 5 6
not ready to be eaten not experienced of the Green Parry
Choose t}re best meaning of g'em in the sentences belorr: She is campaigning for gyeen issues such as reducing packaging and the use ofcars.
We need more green areas in our town.
another pair.
Global review & Study skills :J.:;! 4
\**/f,:f:}-i **#arM
:,.i. -
3d
$
li5{
* !\'ork in pairs and discuss these
i*
Read the quote about u.orlc in the United
States.
a. 1:: ::
i !.,::t ;:: .:,'itij:.:i-:r
i
l. ; :.t'::l:: ::,:i t::::': *lJi':z;
nt."
you lfo to r,vork, if your narne is on the building, ),ou're rich. If vour narre is on vour desk, vou're rniddle class. If vour name is o11 lrgs1 shirt, you're pnnt. F F
66
Rich Hall. Anrct'ican contediun and
uriter
?
\drork in pairs and discuss these questions.
,
\\4rat does this quote sav about jobs in America? Is this true in your countrv? Look at the jobs in the box. \Vhich ones u-oulcl / u.ciuldn't you like? Decide on the top three and the bottom three.
* *
builder doctor journalist
disc jockey (DJ)
lawyer
questions.
*
FIave ,vou ever been to a job inter-r,'ieu.? How u'as it?
"
ls there a rrinirrtrrn
" "
countn'? \{hat
**J ****l-;**
^*-i:**]s Lrf E{J "Jiluq;q{.t; ?il rrltiiji,sE: i"$
? Read tlre introduction to Pro/tle oJ an Intliutt cnll certl'e uorket' on page 55 and ans\t'er the questions. t
Do you knorv v'hat a call centre r,r'orker
2 *
Have vou ever spoken to one?
cloes?
Read dre rest of the text.
musician nurse police officer politician security guard shop assistant
t 2 :
il i'!
agc in lrrur
opinioni
sa1.
waiter
r,r
iti
Do you knou-anyone r,vho rvorks night shiftsi \\4rat do they do? \\''hat is a good st2lrting salary in vour
manager in a fast food restaurant
teacher
is
\\hat
cloes she
about ...
her feelings abont the job? the hours she u'orks? the people she talks to?
:"C rt :"'. : r l*"t,='-+ J
?
Read the texts belou-ancl replace the underlined u-orcls ancl phrases with li.ords in
You can use both 7bb and work to talk about
what someone does to get paid.
the box. Use,vour clictionary to help vou.
bonus employ hiring salary training wages
i)r
1'P;; ltke
,
':
y*::r jt:b i vr*rk'i
..:r:/,'.,)
'/.'''./..'
'i.]''',
Work is uncountable with this meaning, so you cannot sa,! M< or work.
an interview
Cornplete the sentences with job,-iobs or ',t:ot'k. Sornetinres more than one answer is possible. ! .
We give work to 6,000 people and need more
1.i."','rl"
l:
'- I'i "
'(r
-,
jr..:-----
C'
.'r,' '. l'"':1r'rrr.',,i,,
. .
We offer a good starting monev plus end-of-
5
year extra monev
f),r';*r.: irav*
l
.
....-.
1,-'l.l
-]
English and computer skills needed
,*
\4rorli in pairs and choose one of the
tasks belou.. No experience necessary we will provide teaching of the skills
,e Tick (r'')nvo
preces of infbrmation in th: text vou think are interesting or unusual. Then corlpare with your partner.
Excellent money per hour and good working environment Contact Andrew Grau for a talk about the job
$
Hou'r'iould you clescribe Rajeshwari? \.Vrite three u.ords. Then compare u.ith vouf p:rrtlref.
:-..itl::JL::
"i ,6' w I
,k:1t sentences
.-c belor'v. -.rrr qot a job
l-8
I was so happy when I got this job. lt was my first ever interview but they hired me. That night my dad bought chocolates and sweets
and match thetn to the uses of
and we had a small parly. He was very proud. as a
call centre
r,.e l.orkecl at the conrpanl.
operator. f6r
b-
With bonuses, my starting salary is 16'000 rupees (tl90) a month.
1s1 1rsx15.
. h;rtla srrmllp,trn.
I sell landlines to Americans. People can get angry. They say 'You people are taking the iobs from our hands.' I say that it's not my fault if Americans are expensive to employ.
ing. ,t\ e to use mv o\\'n name. r rn't hrve:i lot of-time. ,, c r oic'c t rr irr
--.r\'c
to spe:rk u.ith -rr c to dress rr ell.
My alias is Katie Jones. That's a little lie, I suppose, but a good lie. lf I had to use my own name, l'd lose five minutes at the beginning of every call spelling it out, and I don't have a lot of time.
a LTS accent.
'r' urc D,/; ,': : rlk ,rhotrr pussessing
. ' '
'
or
orr
Itin{
'r(rllirtg.
When you have voice training, you have to speak in an American accent all the time or you lose it. When I call home, my parents say'l don't believe it, it's not you any more!'
- .rn iruxilialv rvitl'r,qzr to talk about ,\\e ssing or ou''ning things. - rn ar-rxiliafl,- u.ith ro to say r,i'hat is
Night shifts destroy your life. I don't get home from work until five in the morning, and I don't sleep until six.
:ccss'.lnr or obligatorv.
.
.rn iruxiliary
in the present perf-ect.
trrlk alrr,ut rlction\ ()r e\pcricnces.
You have to dress well even though people can't see you. lt's a question of self-confidence. People can pick that up from your voice. And there are 4,000 people in the office to look at you.
-anguage note: we can only use the contracted forms
:'
nave when it is the auxiliary verb, not when it is a main
There are a lot of lndians living in America and Britain. Sometimes you talk to people who say 'No English. Hindi? Hindi?' and you realise you're talking to an lndian, and often you get so confused you forget how to speak Hindi.
:'modal verb. i.eacl the sentences u,ttlt hrtte and insert contlactions
:re thev are possible. - h,tr e rt hrother arrd rl sistcr. I have never been to a iob intervieu'.
\\ e have English
class ot-t Thursdav
I miss my parents. I can't tell them when I feel upset because theY'd come right away to Delhi and take me home.
rloruing.
I have got a goocl English dictiotrarl-. I hrrve hacl rnore than one job in ntl' lif'e. I l-rave breakfast u.ith rnv farnily even'rtroming.
G!*ssxry alias (noun)
-
a different name that somebody uses instead of their real name
landline (noun)
-
a telephone line that is not a mobile phone
pick up (phrasal verb) - to notice something that is not very obvious upset (adlectlve)
-
sad, worried or angry about something
I
Yatl
:irir'ri::l
l:1.
+,.,-,.'' l.-..
!€;t;'l k:;r:r: l
-ri,l:!:t; r:l.i:
ii'errri=i
-*--**-4/
\trhat is the joke? Do you think it is funny?
q+rl:
2 % t.*3*!.liir Listen to four bosses talking'to their employees. Nurnber the topics in the order vou hear them.
i"rtrr lrt::,1i:r: t*a?
Llsfenlng sred Voeebulmry ! Look at the cartoon about a bad boss.
/' u€.Lt, Yss i{Av€ T0 \ SfAe? saMeu{rR€.
{t1f,,?a{4i1::
meal the computer code the weekend 3 Listen again and choose the correct
a
dress .ii:.+
c
!is r;::?*:ri
s'.r::: g
alternative to complete each sentence. Conversation 1: Someone has called (in / out Conversation
1:
/ for) sick. You can take next Saturday (nway
/
\Vhich do \,ou think
Grsmme r ? Look at sentences
can
don't have to
must
oJJ'/ on).
Conversation 3:You are (on /.fbr / ot) companv tirne, and vou must respect that time. Conversation 4: Of course you can go (ort / in / at) your lunch break no\\r
4
? Complete the texts with the u.ords in tl're boxes. LTse each u.ord only once.
Dress-down Friday ln many financial companies in Britain,
employees
wear a suit or other formal clothes. Some workplaces have a dressdown day, usually on a Friday. On this day, people
*-
dress so formally. They wear whatever they like.
are bad bosses? \4,hy?
can can't
mustn't
1-6 and complete the
rules a-d belou'.
Work computers
r z
You baae to u'ork this Saturday. Yon cun take next Saturclay off.
According to a 2006 survey by the American Management lnstitute. 78o/o of American companies have rules about email, instant
+ s
You dom't haae to wear a jacket and tie.
messenger and blog use. Workers
Yon can't send personal messages with this cornputer. You mustlrrive on time.
use their computers for work. but they
o " t
\4re use -lap-e
kr,
and
-
ulxttt
and
download programs onto work computers.
to talk
about rules and things dlat afe -necessary.
\trre use
send personal email messages
or instant messages. Also, they
to say
can
don't have
to
have to
u'hen something is not allowed.
. a
\Ve Llse .-,-. --*-- to say that something is not necessarl'. \Ve use * to say that something is possible or allowed.
---
Language note: modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without fo.
Flexitime A study of the 68 biggest Australian companies
found that 93% offered flexitime hours to their employees, Under flexitime, workers work a fixed number of hours in a week. but they start and finish at the same time every day. lf they come to work earlier, they
-**
leave earlier,
Cornplete the sentences about your job. ;ou do not work, use one of the jobs on
--
:
<_L
ey day I have to ... at work.
::n't
Speaking I Read the job characteristics
in the box and the ones which are irnportant to you.
tick(r')
have to ... at work.
:: tork, lcan usually... :..i't ... at work.
@ :,::rr.:i:r,::-;:1:
H:
;;: "'.
Fronuneistisn 1 & 2.*Y Listen to dre pairs of sentences. .::r \-ou hear the difTerences?
\bu can't wear that. \bu can wear that.
: ,
She can't come to class todal'. She can come to class today.
\bu must use your books. \bu mustn't use your books. Language note: in British English, can't s pronounced /kcrrnt/.
2&
3,"&:e
Listen and circle the word you
:rr. Then practise saylng the sentences.
. : ,
\\brkers mttstn't / must use the computers on the first floor. \bu can't / can take your lunch break at nlo o'clock. I really m.ust / mustn'f answer emails more quickly.
? \Vork in pairs and share your ideas. Decide on the five most important characteristics of a job. A: For me, the most imporlant things in a job are ... B: OK. For me, the most imporTant things are ...
A: What do you think the top five are? B: Ithink...
3
Work with another pair and compare your lists. Do vou agree? Make a new list of the llve most important characteristics.
What do you think is the most important? I think that ... is more important than ... What about you? I I
disagree. I think ... is more important. agree. Let's put it on the list.
rETI J :t::la.i:.:t-;,!):.:
i"+i;*r+ tlr'liEili*
i lt *
+* r i "+x :; 2+l zz.t:
\fecabulcry
Lis?emimg
I
3 ffi':"+t You are going to hear a presentation abott The serious leistn'e perspectiae. Listen and put the slides on page 59 in the correct order.
Match the verbs in the box to the nouns.
chat collect cook do go for play read watch
*
*!-l f1#tif iiiti]
I,.:iii;:iiil:
* t
books
the newspaper exercise the gardening
.t,2* n+T:z!
a
walk
a
drink with friends
stamps coins things television a filrn the news video games chess sport
Listen again and answer the questions.
What are some examples of casual leisure?
z : +
\Vhy do people enjoy casual leisure?
s
H4'rv does the speaker think serious leisure is important?
of the rctir ities you do.
3
Work in pairs and ask each other these
I watch television every night.
qLlestions.
)i!
friends on the phone meal dinner vegetables
with a
2
\A/hy does leisure have a bad reputation?
What are some examples of serious leisure?
\4,rork in pairs and tell each other u-hich
I hardly ever read the newspaper.
*
Wtrich do you prefer, casual or serious
S
*
leisure activitiesl Do you know anyone v'ho has a serious leisure pursuit? What is it?
Look at tire chart sirou{ng hou' Americans spend their leisure time. Then work in pairs and discuss the questions.
* *
Is there anything that surprises you? Is it similar to hou.you spend your Ieisure tirr-rei
Leisure tlnne 0m an average day Other leisure activities (29 minutes)
Watching TV (2.6 hours)
Words in the same family: play - verb player - noun playful - adjective
Complete the sentences with the correct
forn
of play.
I He is an excellent football 2 I *cornputer ganres uniil very late 3
Relaxing and thinking (19 minutes) Sports, exercise,
recreation (17 minutes)
Reading (22 minutes)
Total leisure and
sports time= 5.1 hours
NOTE: Data include all person$ age 15 and over Data incl.-!de all days af the week and are annual averages for 2006.
Source: Bureau of Labor $tatistics
--!l
last night.
Playing games: using computer for leisure (19 minutes)
Socializing and communicating (46 minutes)
,
$he is a very
--
chilcl"
Origins of the perspective - 1974 ,'Ftcl.b€d.$tgb-bihs,,-
Fr*:ma$**i*$!*n
*rtu;::$'"it*1
Look at sentences :stions a-c below.
\\ atchlzg
1-l
ancl ansu'er the
television is casual leisure.
: '- ,.',. Listen and repe:rt the sentences. Pav attention to the ur.rderlined sounds. \\1hat is the most colrlron spelling of /1/i r
i{e's good at swimmir?g. People enlov cloing leisure actir.ities.
Relaxing and u.atchi11g'l\'- are m)' fivotrrite thiugs. I think Elgli*h i' r tlitfit'trlr lrngu,ree. \o thtrnks. I'ttt stouuittu stn,rkinu.
:rorn the listening.
z : *
\\'hat kincl of urrrd colres befbre the -ing :,rlm ir-r senter-rce 2i \\l-rat other verbs cirn go before the -ing :orm in sentence 3?
ilili":ii1,i" a1i !rli!\.:
\\'hat is the subject in sentence 1? Replace tl-re subject with another activitt'
. \\ rite the -ing fbnn of tl-re verbs in the bor. Tl.rerr put them into tl-rree groups .rccording to their spelling-.
:ut cycle do make play '-r smoke stop swim :ake watch work
r'. .trtd sh:rre r otrr ide:rs.
.a*a,
'
* *
"
a1 activirl'vou enjov doing an activity yorl Llsed to do but stopped
doing sport you like watching something you aren't verv goocl at a
doing an activity you hate doing
k \\'ork in pairs. Sr'vap papers and u'rite fii'cr questions about yor-rr partner's activiq'. Then
return the papers.
,
"i.
i i:fllrl!' ... I'li:r:e. -.: i:*l*l* lili ... ; :;i,:t.t;_;r:. i:,:i
-
:3
iilirir:i,*
Reacl your partnerls questious ancl
reu'rite the paragraph. Inclucle the original infbrrnation and the ans\vers to vour
partnert : __.^,.-.-.r..
:a- -rir
i"J
tr Choose one iif the activities in the box ltelot'i'ancl rvrite a short paraeraph about it.
s '
C.omplete these sentences with yorlr o\\'n :.rs Llsing' the -ing fbmr. Then il'ork in
- ,:ti'f*;*....:::1. , - :-.:
\Arork in pairs. Read vour sentences fr:om qrammar erercise 3 to e:rch other. Pav attention to the /n/ sound.
(luestio11s.
n--*,1
t** --l:* ts{a * $\€i[}L!*s
?
Look at the trl.rl pictures. Do vou like
either of these things?
* Quicklv read Tht.fttcts nhout ntnusenrcnt parks orotrnd, tlse uor/d and fincl the ansu.ers to the questions. t:t
i:: a,,:
AZ! 7,aalr
1,:..
t z
a
\4rhere did the roller coaster come frorn? \trhere \\,'as one of the first amuselnent
parksi
: \\'hat do modern anlusement parks have? + Ilolv much moncv clo amusement parks rnake?
s
\\'that is the rnost popular alnuserllent park outside the United States?
o *
\\,hat is an intogineeri
Have you ever been to an anlrselncnt park? Is there one ir 1'our countn-?
#rmmmmwr
zuorLJ.
A: Oh no.
. . . .
to an aTnusenteTTt pot'k.
use the present perfect to talk about an unspecific tirne in the past use d1e present perfect to talk about tl,se euet:
in cluestions about experiences
euer lneans the same as in 1tov7" Jlfe
Language note: She has been to Tivoli She has gone to Tivoli Gardens. This
He
{visif}
zA: \\€'ve
means she is still there.
? Cornplete the tu.o texts \\'ith the past simple or present perf-ect fbrln of the verbs
on this ritle three times
back in fifteen rninutes. A: FIe can't do thatl
+A:
I{:lve you here before? B: Sorry', I don't understrrnd. \\rhat? A: Is this your first time here?
S \\rork in pairs. Ir.nagine vou he:rr one of the diakrques at an ?lrnLlselnent park. \,\'/ho rs speakinsi Hor.v do thev f'eel? Aclcl tw-o rnore lines and then act out the clialogue.
::
in brackets.
eacl-r one. He frrst
father --
-
--, {teae}
h?s
hinr
to one r,vhen he lvas a chitd.
a
I knou', but it's greet. Isn't it greati A: l{mmm. :A: \{lheret l'[arco? B: He'.s --- -- on his break. He'll be
fi:{e} phatcs of (becamej interest*d i* amusement parks wh*n
or gM(
B:
experiences
Gardens. This means she has come back.
parks.
heen
They haue bwib eleaen parks arormd the
Haae yon eaet" been t0 an antusent.ent park?
mcre tha* 5* different parks ;n ?* c*r"**tries *n4
Complete the clialoguesu'ith
A: \\11-rere has he ,, -,,i B: I don't knoui He u'as here iust lnlnute ago.
I baae beem
Dale Johansscn is a photo grapher sf annusernen t
* t
..ffi;: i,,
..r,
dfrk
4i'si *U&py
Ar:rl:s*ffier:t p*rks *:'e E*isure pl*cex f*r a*ult*, t**t"tag€rs a*d chiidre.l. People often think amusement parks are an American invention, but they originally come from Europe. Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark, is one of the oldest European amusement parks. The first,'oller coaster was lnvented in Russia in the x600s" Feopie went d,:uvn s*'*wy rrills on biocks *i ice. The world's fastest roller coaster is the Formula 1 Racecoaster al Germany's Ntlrburgring. lt travels al 217 km per hour.
L4*d*rn ernus*rF!*nt parks *s#aNly h*vs rid*c, r*Nler *cast*rs a*d *aiing areas, There is cften a carfinxon therne tc make visitsrs f*ei as it they are ;j
r**qiil*e
in a differ*a:t w*r:eg.
imfims"s
Put the past participles in the box into .rr qrolrps dependina on their sound.
3een bought brought come rone driven eaten forgotten " dden seen swum taught
-
'
...:: Listen ancl check your ans\vers. repeet the u'ords.
',,' -
..
won
cr-i
. *i.f - -.:,.r i{ I'e."i hr 'ei
.,
'
:
,'.. Listen to the stress ancl
'nrtion irr this qrresrion. '
r \ ou
leisure
-:>tionnaire and sav the ten questions. L'lse - L' .),0u euer + p?rst piuticiple. Pa,V attention hc stress irlr(l intonation.
\\brk in pairs and ask each other the :-itions. If your partner answersl,es, ask , tbllorl,-up questions. Use tl-re ideas ir-r . box belorv to help r.ou. lave you ever been to an amusement park? /es, I have.
)id you like it? /es, I loved it. ,'/ho did you go with? ,vent with my family.
it? What? When? Who with? Why? Why not?
)rd you like
,','here?
Wait Disney created the first Sisney ti-rerne park. an amusement i:arlr lvith several sections, in 1955 in Cailfornia, US. The Disney C*rp*rati*r: has built eleven Disney {hsme p€rks aflol,rxd the warid. The most popular amusement park in the world is Walt Disney World in Florida. The m*st pcpuiar park o*.r€siefe ti:e U$ is Sisn*yiand in T*ky*. F**r *f the t*p ten arfi$sement park$ ar* is1 Asie.
e\ er bs!]-I r,, rr) ilrnu\enrcnt Pilrk:
- \\brk in pairs. Lciok at the
Amusement parks are big business. ln the United States alone, amusement parks make an annual profit of $1 1 billion. More than 30% of Americans have been to an amusement park.
The people who invent Disney amusement park rides have a special name. They are rmagrneers.
Business
meeting
Job interview
Residents' association
Parent-teacher meeti n g
meeting
Wmrr:t
** g
s
f
ce L# ll*E-e\jG 3 i tr{u6 ; f#d'.*-t{:*t ift
g}
Look at the pictures of
fbr-rr different meetinss. \\rork in pairs ancl ask each otl'rer the questions.
X Read the audioscript on pirge 1 i5. Find examples of speaker turn-taking. This could be ...
* \\'ho
a I c *
" u
is speaking in each photo? \\l-rat are they 12ll{un abouti Have you cver beer-r in or.re of these situatior-rs? \Arheni Choose onc of the pictures ancl think o{fi1.o rr.rles fbr that situation. At a business meeting people have to arrive on time.
a
asking 2 nsu. question jn the conversation. asking perrnission to speak. acldins something to the conr.'ersatiol1.
,\'Iake three tr-rm-takinq quesdorls or sentences using tl-re rvords in the box. You can use each rvord rnore than once.
add ask a question can could here I just may say something
Somebody has to take notes.
$-F*9*m*m6
? ]. , .i l ' '
i:i Listen to thr-ee conversations and match -lhere is one picture each one to a picture. J'ciu clon't neecl
*
Listen again and choose the correct ans\\-ers.
Conrrersation 1: The \\()lnan \\rants to knor.i' about ... " the bcloks. o the children. . his son. Conversation 2:The man needs to arrive at... a seven in the er.ening. b se\ren in the morning. . the European offices. Conversatiorr 3:The rnan doesn't like ...
" u .
thc \vaqes. tl-re dress cocle.
the \ iomen.
di
$5
;3FetrKi$i# Choose one of the tasks belou..
,4 \Vork in pairs and choose one of the conversations from the listening. \,\rrite the next thrce or four lines. Then read the com'ersation topether. LTse the neu. expressi()t1s t-ou have learnt.
* \4rork in groups of three. A: choclse a question anLl ans\\'er it. B: ask a qr.restion or give rnore infomrltion. C: continue. Use the neu- expressious yolr have learnt. ' * u " *
\\'that is most impclrtirnt irr
a
job?
\,Vhat r,i.ould be the ideal relaxilrg; r,r,eeliend? Is it necessary to speak English fbr u.orki Is it easv fbr \routls'people to get jobs? Should there be rnore leisure facilitres for 1rs111g people?
s Excuse me,
* Pardon me.
,*
Sorry, but
.".
,.,,,,,,,.',,
,.:'
'r.',.
All work and no play
. ,'
; 1,r;,1:-1.,;.-1,,.,::,,.1. i'.. - :-'i
by David Crystal
:''
There's an old saying in English: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Or Jill. Psychologists tell us we need a balance between work and play to have a healthy lifestyle. And it is the same for language. *lo**ary One of the most noticeable features of work language is the technical vocabulary, or jargon, that people use. Outsiders won't understand it. A doctor might look at the face of someone who's had a fall and say to a colleague 'That's a nasty perorbital haematoma'. lf you were the patient, and heard this remark, you might be worried. But basically all it means is you've got a black eye. Every profession has its jargon - law, banking, sport, physics, language teaching ...
Thousands of specialised terms might be used. They add precision. And they also make people feel they belong together. You know you're a member of a group when you can comfortably talk shop.
carelessly (adverb) - without thinking about what you are doing, so that you cause problems or damage
dull (adlectlve)
-
boring
mislead (verb) * to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true
outsider (roun) - someone who does not belong to a group or organisaiion
talk shop \verb) -
10
talk about your work,
especially in a way that is boring for other people
Jargon also saves time. That's why doctors say such things as BP and SOB (blood pressure, shortness of breath). lt's quick and convenient. But they shouldn't use such terms to the patient. Work language and leisure language are two very different things. That's the argument of the Plain English Campaign, which wants specialists to speak clearly when talking to the public. It's easy for people to use jargon carelessly and annoy people. lt's worse when it's used deliberately, to mislead ihe public. That's why we get so angry when we hear people using it to hide the truth. A politician once admitted ihat something he had said was 'an instance of plausible deniability'. ln other words, he'd told a lie!
' i---,.=. ' vl-ir:!i
1f !:-::JEi;UdG* #Ej
'r ij t
, hink of fil'o or three exan-rples of jargon in vour -',rrrq'e and n'rite them on a piece of paper.
-
-.\
'
'
ork in pairs irnd share r,'our ideas. Explain rvhat vour
,n lneans
-
in En{rlish.
Fiird r.orcls or exprcssions in thc text ri.ith these meauings.
I z
:;=iIt#
the correct relationship betrveen ni.o thines (line 2) to m:rke srxlething more cle:rr or specific (2 u
(line
r + s
i:
! G-.U;
10)
easv (line 14) people in seneral (2 u.ords) (line 19) usecl firr slrving something; in another
i,r'.ir' (3 uorcls)
(line 2 5)
:',:tc| All uork ancl no plny. \A'hat is thc rlain topic of the a..a*
-.rin English
-'hrical vocabularrr
,
::rr1
c a
the text again and decicle
cloctors ar-rcl raclio rnd television
languaee
if the
steter.nents are true
: talsc (fl. .r'chologists sav that rvrirk is rnorc irnportalrt than plat-. :',: on is languagle thr t ever\4roch' uncl erstancls. :.qon carl be useful. :-gon is precise lar.rguaqe and it can n.rake :rr nrunication qui cker. :c Piain Enqlish Carnpaign \rants pcople to rlse morc
ttO11. .
J ge t angr\,'il.hen people use jarglon to
tell lies.
.-r :*'T; :!f
&i !b ' F I '.!
Do vou think there is too nruch jargon in l-our lansuagci Can \-ou think of some exarnples? Do vou think catnpaiq'ns like Plein English are :.r soocl icleal
Wr*fing
ski*Ns:
setfing ou* s €V
Correct the spelling and punctuation mistakes in this CV
CURICULUM VITAE: Nathalie Baekelandt Email adress
n.baekelandt @wanadoo.f
Date of Birth
17/12/88
r
Education and Califications University of Lille BA Hons Economics Work Expereince Personal Assistant to Project Manager, EDF Energy.
KBedEns Read the CV and put the headings in the correct places. Date of
birth
Skils Email address
Educationandqualifications lnterests
Referees Skills
[email protected] : '18-08-1987 :
(2)
----* (3) _,
--
*,--
-
booking appointments, taking minutes, record-keeping
English:
fluent lnterests literate
Computer
Aerobics, dance, swimming, photography, theatre
Referrees On request
Work experience
CURRICULUM VITAE: Ahmed al-Qadi 0)
Duties
2003-2005
-
Al Hussein College, Amman, Jordan General Secondary Education Certificate
Average score: 88.50/o 2005-2009
tmmgu.rmge $see*s: vvn"i*is'rg
dsfes
Different countries u-rite dates in different In Britain, the order js dav, month, year.
rvavs.
16-01-2008 16 Jan 2008
or 16/01 /08 or 16th January 2008 In the US, the order is month, da-y, 1's21. 01-16-2008 or 01/16/08 Jan 16 2008 0r January 16k 2008 Cornplete the table.
Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan B.Sc. in Management lnformation Systems
Feb I4th 2000
GPA Score: 90.5% (Evaluation: Very Good) (4)
"**--
2009-Present Jordan Telecom: database assistant (5)
-
English: intermediate Jordanian driving Iicence
Freporing fo write \Vork in pairs and make notes on under each of the CV headings.
u,.hat vou would
write
Modern programming and database management (b,
Travelling, understanding other cultures, football (7)
__ _._
Mr Firas Al-Jabali, Head of lnformation Services, Jordan Telecom Dr Omar Yassin, Head of Management lnformation Systems, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
* lT literate (Word, Excel, Powerpoint) a
French: t\uent / \ntermed\ate / e\ementary
6 Current
driving
licence * Basic first aid
Wni*ixrg \Vrite vour CV Use your notes and the useful phrases to help you.
:+: :ir ili : a: a;2
Grommsr I Complete the sentences with the correct form of the -'
e
rb in brackets.
I : r
Yes,
+
I
$,ott /exer
I
/
be)
to the US?
there last year. (write) letters, but -foiends on the phone is great fun.
I
@o)
hate -
(neaer
/ ride)a
(chat) tct
carnel, but I
one in a zoo.
Recording nelY words ond phroses
I .
do you write doum new English words and expressions that you learnl When do you write down new words and expressions?
" I " d
(see)
.
r : ; +
.
be polite to customers. have a driving licence.
arrive late. earn a bonus
ifyou sell a lot ofgoods.
Vocobulory -\Iatch the words on the left to the ones on the right. a walk ?lry television .io
:o for
a
--hat
exercise
--ollect :ead
on the computer a magazine
atch
words? Show your partner. How do you use your vocabulqrlr notes when you have written them?
2 Look at how three Polish studentshave reeorded new words from this unit."What are the,diffefences tretween them? upsel = przygnqbiony Lake off = wzi4t (sobie) wolne amu1ement,park= parkrozrywki
chegg = ezachy
upsel I np'sel/ adi. oad,worried or angry about something.l miss my parento.l can'ltellthem when feel upeet. take time off work - wzi46 (sobie) wolne z pracy You can t ake nexl 1aturday off.
meal
stamps
:ook
I
on the phone a roller coaoler
Speoking I Work in small groups. Think
a ride
of three leisure activities -. The others try to grress the ou enjoy and mime them.
:ctivities.
play chese (verb + noun U)
/
atheme park
\.
I think you like playing tennis.
3:
Yes, that's right.
2
Work in srnall groups. Thlk about
/
No, that's not right. a
job you do or would
-ike to do.
. .
In class? When you are reading?
When you are doing homework? At some other timel What information do you write down atiout the
-
Complete the job description for a shop assistant using - to, don,'t haae to or tnltstn't. -',ut, haue
','.
.Where
"
2
You You You You
Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
Talk about the things you have to do. Thlk about the good and bad parts ofthe job.
3 ,,
Wirrk in pairs and disc-uss the qqestions,
'
.,. ,, " . llow can the different ways help? r lfyoar recordwords in a differcqt-waglwhy is that? 4 This week try reCording,vocabiularyz in a'different way. Which -ethoddoyoupqefu?'
.
'
Howwillvou.do it?
,
Slsbal review & $tudy skills U:':il 5
Porl
tr
Writing I \\'ritc
mmd Speakiarg
dorln flve tl-rings that malie \ou
happir
* Read dre text again. Look at dre ansv'ers and corrrplete thc qLrcstions. r (l:Hou.
A: Bv asking people hou'happv they are.
2 \lork
in pairs. Compare ]'our lists and
u
Q:
discuss thcsc tlttcsti,,tts. 1ri.:rl1r:r?:*
o e a c
\4l-rich iterns do \rou have in comtnon? Is there ani.thing you u.ould like to c1r'ange in vour list? \dhat clo you think rnakes people happv? On a scale of 1 to 10 hou. hirppl'are you?
countfy.
: +
Keosrng
moircy - --,* ? A: If I'ou h'.rve a horne, food and clothes then no, it doesn't. Q:\,\hat three things _-? A: -Farnilv and friends, belief in Q: Does
tr
Clirnate and happiness r\'{e asurin
g happines
s
i\'Ioney :rnd happiness
l\h:rt
rn:rkes people happr'?
satisfied
A: Those rvho live in v.artner p:rrts of the
ml'
Read the article The yience of'hrppiness and put the headings in tl.re correct place.
\\'irich u'itl-r their lives?
j:--.,-,-...
; r.a,.:
happiness?
sornething and enjovabl e objectives.
S
ffififfi
r 2 : 4 s
of-ficiallv acceptable
Match the tri the definitions.
lvorcls in the text
something that malces you happ,v rneaning vour general vieu, of tl.ring's to discover a number or result using rnathematics
4
Do \/oll egree r.vith rvh'at the text savs about hrppiness? Do you think rt is possible to measure hrppiness?
We often use words that mean high up or moving upwards when we want to describe feeling happy or hopeful. We often use words that mean low down or falling when we want to describe feeling sad
Look at these expressions. Is each person feeling happl' or sad? i That news realiy lilted nry spirits"
2 3 4 5
-
rr,4y
heart sar.:k r,"hcil I sarv hi,n.
feel pretty low icday. l'nr 0n top of the ,,vcrlc!. i'ni walking cn arr. I
t:i-.:'utcoi1t1ca1
Pronunciotion cnd Reoding
Grommun doeylt make .you happier.. with close famity relationships were more satisf ed than people with no fanily. People soid they liued better in wat'm Lots of money
People
;oil tttl't
pronounced?
fitter happier more productive
es.
comfortable regularexercise
.
use comparative adjectives to compare
.
rwo people or obiects use adjective + e?' for short adjectives and more + adiecrive lor longer
r
| & ?.#? Listen to the words and phrases. FIow are the underlined sounds
patient
2
beiter driver
Listen again and repeat the words.
3
adjectives use compararive adverbs to compare
two actions I.-onrplete the texts with the comparative : ,rm of the adjectives in brackets.
The words in exercise I come from a song by the English rock group Rndiohead. Work in pairs. A: read the first line of the song. B: read the second line. Pay attention to the underlined schwa sounds.
4
The songwriter said that this song is
about people in Britain in the 90s. Do you think he liked the 90s? Would you say the same about your country in the 90s?
'?-i.j:ii
:e,:i
r,:l:t
=*
i,: j i:,*
i
:;
r; tlc+
a 1 4t
$;isliss :jr;i *
P-:r
?
i:::i . l.:a-:)41.:,a
tr:.ri,:
i:*::r:i,!.:ri:: i:a.l
'l'r,1;r';:: ...
'
'..',:r,:,:r;
Sp*m$cix"rg mmd
Lfi
sfea"ting
3 M,'ork in pairs. Look at picttlrcs a-c and discuss r,vhat you think the jobs are.
111:
a\!!3fifr-+4,1i.::; i
.,,"....j--
i* Jr: ir
:"
:2 ::l:r
-
R
Read the text belou'and match the iobs to the pictures. Then cliscuss s.hat vou thir-rk these people do in their jobs.
,...,.
:':i::' r
€Ei':.;j j--"!.i;:, Listen to t$ro people talkins about their jobs. \A,'hich nro jobs do
S
they talk about?
&, Listen ans\,vers.
r
Speaker 1 stai,ed in bed fbr ...
z itri:+ii
aglain irnd choose the corrcct
" .
tl-re
sulnmer.
t
50 davs.
1-i days. The-v paid speaker
$6,000.
I ... b $600. .
$60,000. " Speaker 2 thinks her u.ork ... . is disgrrsting. t' is irrterestirrg. " is borinq. + Speaker I is tirrishing a project on ... a office rubbish. b restaurallt rubbish. c office and restaurant rubbish.
itil 1:ii:!ii
r
,€;
N&. w Garbologist - studies rubbish
.,m.
Forensic entomologist - studies insects in the bodies of dead people
S
Do vou think these jobs are bad? \Alhich is the u.orst, in vour opinion?
&rcmsmmr
Gravity research subiect participates in experiments to study the effects of zero gravity on the human body
Off.ce rubbkh is less disgr,rsting than
restaurnnt rubbish.
h's mot us bad as ytu think. h's a bit more dfficuh thnt thot. She works mucb faster tban him.
Language note= garbage is American
. .
English and rubbish is British English.
. * dirty
e
s flies e rubbish
c gloves s turns around and around
.
experiments for space travel
use /e.r.r + adjective to mean not as much use (zzor) a.r + adjective + as to nake
comparisons use rr' + adjective + as to sav that two things are the sene use a bit ormuch to modifii comparative adjectir.'es and adverbs
X Read the sentences from the listenir-rg and choose the alternative that is closest in meaning.
Uq
* Maybe he / she ... * lt looks like he / she works in ... * He / she probably ... e
,r\\o:
'i. '/
t7
-
S
\-
.S
r
This looks ...
z
C)ffice plarbage is much less diszusting
than restaur:rnt garbage. . Restaurant garbaee is much rnore disgusting than otfice garbage. r, C)ffice garbagJe is much rnore disgustir-rg than rest:rurant garbage. My job isn't as brd as people think. is u'orse than people think. " Mv job job r, My is better than people thinli.
2
Oomplete the sentences r,r'ith your ov'n
lcas.
$
-e r.eallrrr tcCal, is a bii less
:rgilsh
in a bit easier
.
than ...
:rrink.." is mlrch in{Lre."" than
:on't beli*rre .".
.. ii iin =..
& \\'brk in pairs '.rnd discuss this
is as ".. a$ llei:pie say.
questioll.
3 \\brh in tr,r.o groups. Group A: nrrn tcr ..rge 127. Group B: nrrn to page 129. .:.:
u
C)ire of the themes o{ Frnnkenstein, :rncl of n-rany science fiction stories, is dongerotrs knozL:/eclgc. Do You tl-rink scientific knowledgJe can be dangerous? Think of some examples.
-j::".,, :.:.
l -:...r::r:'::
j*1.i:
,..:.:,: Read arrcl listen to the extract from the book Frankenstein. \,\'rhat u.as thc problen u'ith the science experirnent?
speak Lnglish a bit betier now 'ihan ... -
ffiemdimg wmd Spe*$*iarg
i*;:",q tll :rjiri,, (j 792_1 951 )
Veemhax$wry
].-)T,::lr:"h
r'r'ord to
\\brd -.rpp\'
Suffix -ist
.:icnce --l.rtion :rist '-:scrlrch
-er
"r
surfix
t.
was an English romantic
'rake
a
novelist. She is best known for
the novel Frankenstein, whtch
New noun
she wrote when she was 19
happiness
years old. Some critics have called her the first Fnglish
-erlce
science fiction author.
-ness
-ship
2 ,\Iake ne\,\' nouns from the lr,ords in the ,rr. \,\'hich noun enrlinq-s are usccl fbr jobs?
paint nervous silent teach tour weak economy friend
3
, ..} i:,
:
** =a @
Cornplete the text u.ith the correct forln
=
t the u.orcls.
,8. e
iild'*,iiid (research). My wife Karen is a (scholar) from NASA She won a *-**--**to research a special project. She is studying (exist) of life on other the possible planets. She loves the work, except for the (onely). She works alone in a little
&
'#
4,4
office. She listens in complete (siient) for unusual radio signals from space.
%
w,
==.*-F*S:
ffi
F,
....,;,1ll.
*...1.*..ii :i:r;
:iiltl;:ii:!
.,,r,*jt::i.::ii!i,.
'.8
:&
r01l J "idr{.}**l*iT
**a:r**::*d
i:*:a;:,:r
;ie*r:lir* #,*[r*6., gari*9. ger*r*
Voeobu[cry I Look at the photo. How rnany of the
Gronrmsn
A'Iatch the words in A to the words in B to make compound nouns. Which things can you see in the picture?
Online 6ucti0ns are Em,vng the bi.ggest btrsinesses ott the ittlerttet. Of att the onlitte artctiott sites. eBay is probrbly tbe most famous. It is one of tbe most popalar websites I'se
A
B
henrd
.
use superlative adjectives to compare
.
use adjective + est for sirort adjectives and the most + adjectle for longer
things can you name in English?
2
iJt0i:;i::fia
5+*p*:fl*xiv*:s i-;
:!,: n : r,* &- 5,p+r* ir i -.g
Ffe$s*B**
*ddr*€€*F
cornputer
phones
head
top
k"y
site screen
1rp
memory mobile
board
Inouse
stick
text
phone
message
pad w-eb 3 % E.*3 Listen and repeat rhe u'ords.
Underline the stress in each compound noun. Which one is different?
Ree
I
ding
. I
adjectives we oFten use superlatives with the present perlect tense
Cornplete the sentences u'ith the correct
r
Online auctions are popular because you can find the struntgest / strunget' things there.
z
Many things online
Do you use the internet often? \\4-rat for? Which websites do you often visit?
You are going to read about online auctions. Tick (rz) the u.ords you think vou
r
see.
businessman buy expensive global
internet
jet kidney river
sell
dangerous
+ s
S % ?-** Read and listen to Going, goi'ng, glne on page 71 and checkyour answers. Read the text again and answer the
questions.
r z : 5
\44rat do people do in online auctions?
How manv people use eBay? Name five unusual things that peopie have sold or tried to sell on eBay.
Have you ever bought or sold anything on the internet? \4rould you buy anvthing in ar-r online auction? ,r
1l 1f .-:l
.
ii-i'
/
2 Complete the sentences u.ith the superlative fcirm of the adjectives. r What's
(lctng) titne you've ever
spent on the internet?
z \44ro's
4
are tbe cheapest
than the sarne things in a shop. I prefer buying frorn shops because I think it's the safest / srtr than buf ing on the internet. I think online shopping js the best / ltetter \\,-ay to get things. The founder of eBay is one of t/:e richest / richer rnen in Anerica. cheaper
Work in pairs and ask each other the
will
two or more people or obiects
u.ord.
questions.
, ' 2
oJ.
(ftrnny) person you've
ever spent tilne v.itl-r?
: Wlrat'.s
(colQ place you've ever
been to?
+ Whatt
(x'range) thing you've
ever eaten?
s \A4rat's
(gooQ
fiInyou've ever
seen?
3
\4rork in pairs. Chocise three of the questiorls from exercise 2 and ask each other. Sl*tr,t*":s*r 9*gus *. r:rlicrcl::r :::::t-rir*: .::i l;*sri*iru*:-r .-::i
ii ;-i'ti; *:':: l4i
l:.
i 1.
-i :,:'j
:bsitc
Listen Jlr(l lr.rite ihc ctlriii tlltl \\'hicil ttf ttrrese
rrdclresscs vou ircrr.
:bsites do lorr
knot'i
dot slash AI
learn underscore EnElish learn dash Engiish
=arn_Fnglish
:arn-English
\\-rite llr,e * ebsitc or etlrril ,,.r
kuou'
'.rtldrcsses tirrlL
tl'rcv cltn bc rcel or ilrt'ct-ttct1.
\\rurk in priirs trrtl ch other. \1
ritc the
rerrcl thc rtliircsses tir rrrich'esses rls
loit
iisrelr.
!,trt.r::r:::,dr i:
etnical (adlective) - ccirsiderecl tc be righl fake (adlectl,/e) made to iock ike someth ng else ir,ern[noth lriaurt) hair
that ived
-
an anirnal s]rnllar lo all -^lephant u/
tll
a r"rery loirg t ine ago
suhmai'ine (noun)
-
a sh p thai can iravel unde| the il ale'
oirg
*.8** E € -h g3 d"= E:% ffi ff d-\* B=q gH %"_"ili € a $"e, tsi"%_s ffi \ e
S
fu-s #
PErl 4 -i=+*iir ri:,1n
I
ilitie,;
{a:n*p';t+r
p
;::,:+:t:it:rl
3l.
*+:i:i*r:E i':tfi'ir:r:r:::ari:
Fhrx:a*t';erhs, ****+n*e
Speoking qnd Listening I Read the quotes about computers
below.
\4rork in pairs and tell each other if you agree u'ith them and why.
Here are some common ways of saying yes. Yep and yeah are informal ways of saying yes. Definitely is a stronger way of saying yes. That's right is used instead of yes to respond to a question or statement. I'm afraid so is used when you think the person hopes you will say no.
ifr{}GE
Ga*i:r::;: Fi:i'e*s*i v*:rh* 9" *hi*t9s i.li:rti
:
r1
iri :i;:+c.!: rr: i
1
?*+ F.**lei;t€e
Look at the audioscript on page 155. Find an example of each rvay of sa.vingles.
2 %:"*&*9.:; Listen to five conversarions :rbout con-rputer problems ancl number the problems in the order you hear thern. There is one extra problem. computer
screen
email
internetconnection password printer and
3
printing
saving work
Listen :rgain and choose the correct
answers.
r
\44rat did the man change in
conversation
z
l{ou. does the man conversation
:
1?
a a cable u tl-re mouse c the cornputer screen f-eel
3
Work in pairs and ask each other the questions. Answer jid.r in different lr,'ays.
'\kru
ask your partner. want them to ans$.er1ies.
Vocqbulsr)r snd Fronuncistlon I Cornplete the sentences frorn the listening witl-r the worcls in the box. down
(x2) in on
out
(x2)
at the end of
frustrated
What's \\''rong with the rnan's email in
. he needs a passu.ord + \\ho saves their u.ork in conversation 4? " the \\.oman u the man c the woman and the man s \44rat happened to the \r''oman's password in conversation
up
r Nou'log to the svstem. z Shut the complrter and leave it. - gone r The laptopis rgain. + Tlpe vour username and passw-ord. a docurnent s \\&en I try to print the computer prints :r difTerent document. o You should reallv back ail your work.
conversation 3? " there's a virus u there's too much ernail
rr r. ie.n,, -r -r ^ r ,:.J i!jJ
Write live questions to
2
i#F 5-l $ Listen and check vour
3
Listen and repeat the sentences.
ans\vers.
2?
" happy b worried "
a c
2
5?
she forgot it n she changed she doesn't h'ave one
it
coptr the stress.
-Ilv to
Gromnnsr Turn
om the co'mputer,.
\o-,:'Iog on. Sllrrr down tbe compater. SJ:ut
the computer doutt.
Tilnt it
.
some phrasal verbs such as tu?'n 0n cal:. take an object other phrasal verbs such as log on do not take an object u'hen the phrasal verb takes an object, it can usually go before or after the
. .
pardcle if the object is a pronoun, it can only go between the verb and particle
. 'l
on.
Tick (rz) the sentences that are correct.
. Pick up the phone. t, Pick it up. . Pick up it. r a Can you print out them please? t, Can you print tl-rem out please? . Can you print out the documents please?
i a Tirrn them off. u Turn off them. . Turn ofT all the conlputers. 2 Circle the object of the pl-rrasal verb in -re sentences below. Sometimes there is no hject. =,ease sit down and open your books. (no
)
d you ptug
: , . .
in
the computer?
Tirrn the volume up please. Philip isn't here today. He called in sick. I ft-rrgot ro log on to the school systern. Look up the u''ords in the dictionary. \\'rrite the words down in your notebook. \lv tlishr takes oll'at sevcn o'r'lock tonight.
3
Look at the sentences again. Ifthere is an riect, replace it with a pronolln.
)
C
you plug it in?
Glossary movement (noun\ - a group of people who work together for a particular reason
Readimg end Specking 3 % l}.i€ Read and listen to the text about
textile (noun) - any type of woven cloth
the Luddites. \44rat kind of people were theyl
2
Read the statements and mark vour
opinion next to each one. 1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree
Modern technology ,.. . . r
makes us work harder, not less hard. is giving away our privacy. has taken away more jobs than it has created.
. r
has made us safer. is giving us too much information, so it's difficult to know what is true.
r
has to be free for everyone.
3 \\brk
in prirs. Discuss l our opinions and try to give reasons for them. Are you
a
modern Luddite? I agree that
modern technology makes us
work harder. ln my job, I have to answer lots of emails and rnessages, and I have to do it more
quickly than before.
a: -j :..r1.jL., . ' :
wfrrffi
!"3p
? Look at the picrures of fbur situatior.rs. \Vork in pairs and describe the sirnilarities :rnd difTerences betr-een then'r.
L*r:gasm6m $*sws: $ir:ding tfu*mg* effiffiffi}*13
Look at the highlighted expressions in the audioscript orr page 155. Then complete the rules rvith s0, t00 or neither. \Ve use
chatting o laptop * on a train
*
:.: ..
:ra::;;)..:.:.::aa.aa.:..:.4
:
.
a diary
LIse
* in an airport * suit
Use
so
---,--
/ neither
when we have something in cornrnon.
,,,- + auxilian- + l fcir af-firmative stetements. + auxiliary + lfbr negative st2ltements.
/ neitber.
\dre :.rlso rtse me + too
-
::.
*xt
IJse rtrc + L se lrr,'
e I think they are on a train.
,-*---. for
+
affir'rnative staternents.
l,,r neqlrir
e strternents.
Language note: when we don't have something in
* They look like friends / colleagues / strangers.
common, we can respond with the short form.
*
\41-rat clo r..ou think the people in each picnrrc are talking abciut? Choose one of the pictr-rres ancl u.rite :r short
4". I am from Scotland.
conversation. Then presellt \1)ur coll\-ersrition to another pair.
A: I've never been to an aft gallery. B'. I have.
A'. I live
*
B: I'm not. B: ldon't.
in the city centre
4.
rEsEemrffis
)*GtrK$n# 4g
3
? Look at the topics in the box. \{rrite fir'e trlre sentences
a$,3
i
Listen to a conversati
*
Listen ag'ain :rnd tick colnnl0n.
r z : + s o ;
(r')
the things ther,' hn-e in
f'hev are both going'to the Technologl. Conference. They har.e both been to S:rn F-rancisco befbre. They are both fronr Germantr 'I'he,v both u'ent to school in Eng'lancl. Tl-rev both work fbr ABT Technologr,'. Thev have both been to conferences before. -I'1'Lev
about yourself. Lrse the phrases to help vou.
are both sta\ing at the cor.rference hotel.
Art &
music
, -------
I have
/ haven't read / seen ... I listen
I
il9:::l-1-olllll" --[gry:31." - *_l.ll9ll19l"--: Lr "14 ,r ' " JM'! Uq:119--rLyg! !l ,,.!1'rlf"9ti'"r *
\Arork in pairs. A: tell your partner about vourself-. B: respond. Find three things vou have in comrron. Use the neu'expressiolls vou have le:rrnt.
S
Su.ap roles and repeat the activin'.
iVornr up I Put the letters in the correct order tcl rnake rvclrcls for - - rnological
advances.
:'eniten velsietoni cmretuco lenap
2
Lumga*cge $ecus: cndo seu &eess,rse
tr
technological
limboe nohep
.. "
is impo*ant
.
.,,:
I think the most important technological advance - well for me personally recently has been a hard disk recorder for recording TV programmes fsays his oplnion]
/ useful because ...
1
it means I can record everything very easily [gives a reason]
2-
lcan see exactly what I have recorded by looking al everything on screen ladds another reason]
., ,.+,,?-!ii Listen to seven people talking'about
- ::rolos'ical :rclvances. \Arhich advance
from exercise 1 is
3-
I don't have to find lots of video tapes and different things like that [adds more information]
-.
. persoll talking about?
s
Maxit.t.t, Russia
rlthur, France
6
Starla, England
it is much easier now to record TV programmes than it was in the past [explains a consequence]
Italv
7
\\tlliam,
-
I,rnor,
:
>rr'a,
F,ngland
4 -
because of digital television we have lots more programmes to choose from ladds another reason]
Gharra
\ntonis, (lreece i
Oornplete the
erplanations in brackets to help t'ou.
-rstenrng
'
advar-rce.
sentences with antl, so or ltecause. Use the
\\-hv are these advances irnprirtant or usefuli :nplete the sentence fbr each of the adr.ances abor-e.
- ^k the
Read rvhat Guy salrs about another
-
1\ten again.
there's much more variety and choice fexplains a consequence]
\\hich
speakers : r'eirsons for tl-reir choice? .rt reasons do they qi1's;
that means you need to record even more programmes than in the past. lexplains a consequencel
?
#.na
,ii,----i.::
Listen ancl check \rour ans\\rers.
Language note: in spoken English, it is very common to add lots of clauses together with words like and, or, so, or because.
?
!.
spesKtng I \\'that is the nrost important or usefu1 tecl.rnolrlgical advance?
\{try
do vou think so? Make a f-eu-notes.
2 \Vork in pairs and present your ideas. least one rninute. taaja?;..:.|...
a:. :
ta::aj:;ia':ja:::;t::. ::. ::
Tn'to
spe,rk lor
:
:
6 For me personally, the most important technolog ca
advance is the ... o I think the most useful advance is the ... becaus:
* ... and ... s ... so that means ...
Readimg
!
Read Mohammedls essay on The adoantages ancl disa,dtontages o.f the ittternet. Does he think there are rnore
2
Change the third paragraph in dre same way. Use some
of the useful phrases below to help vou. Remember to use commas.
advantages or disadvantages?
?
Do vou agree with his ideas? Crrn you think of other
I Firstly
advantages or disadvantages?
o
... / First of all
...
Secondly...
r ln addition
Writing
e
As well as that ...
e
Another advantage is that
o Finally ...
...
skilNs:
/
..
Lastly ...
getting idess
\drork in srnall groups arrd discuss this question' When you want to get ideas for an essay do you ... " read a book or article on the subject?
. o ' o . "
do a ke1'word search on the internet? speak to other people?
brainstorm all you know-and think about the topic? u''rite freely to express your ideas? use mind rnaps?
do something else?
Ni
of these methods can help. Try using a different one next time you write an essay.
Fneparing fo write tr
\A/ork in pairs and choose one of the topics belou'.
clocks
2
Make
a
mobile
phones satnavs
television
list of all the advantages and disadvantages.
3 Lunguuge focurs: listing points I Look at a correcteti versiott ofthe second paragraph of Mohammed's essay. What is different?
Think about what to put in the introductory paragraph. For exarnple, how and where the invention is used, its history its effects on modern lif'e etc.
4
Think about w-hat you will write in the last paragraph. \Ahat is your conclusion? Are there more advantages or disadvantages? Why?
Writing \A&ite the essay. Use your notes and the useful phrases below to help you. \Irrite four paragraphs: "
introduction, b advantages, c disadvantages?
e
i,'''ting
conclusion.
There are several advantages / disadvantages of ... / certain disadvantages. One of the main advantages / disadvantages is ...
o However, there are also some
.
d
Gre
Ferssnslising icxrguoge
sa'emmr
(.ircle the corrct options. Sometimes both are correct.
r :
\\/here doI plug in tl:c cornptner'/ phry the contptfter in? If 't'ou don't r.r-ent to lose l.our docutnents, itls a goocl idea to back thent tr.p / back ttp thettt. \bur cornputer is much ltettar' / nnre ltetter thnl rninc'
3 Look at how Atsuko has recordecl new u'ords and gran)mar lronr the unir. nen"ttu a./:out / f teil4Ell4t g +I get nrn"ou'r art+en t hwe to s'peak i/4 clat4'
lrctrks horder' /less hard than his sister' t.-ropping online is rttore conuenient / cctntenienter tl.'an
/"u'ck's' " My wftet u*ed' to be tt'et"tttu't ( to thi'r4s' slwe tl"'e o,/tb{k (r. ,^!) Yau'r jrn't, al
:,lin!l to the suPermarket' Tlre Nile ts the rttost long / the longest river in the world' \onr jcrb isn't us uell-pnid n / ns uell-poiil th,rn :n:.in'e. -firrre passes.ftster / ntnre fast than vou think' Cicrtnanlt is a bit less coltler / less co/d than Non'i'ali
sam.e outl.ottk on
sotu*{n'rE.
* Fu4Lle a.n/. t
s/ua're
b*k
I
^f
6or'rb
tfu
saa,u
^ttitxilz
ou'tlirk
to w"ake a cory
(
o/4f1'1*/4dth/'Y.
nfnw-atiou
otL
/0w
ctLq.Pater.
Vocabu*wry
*
:.:.rcl thc definitions ancl put tl-re letters in the correct nrder make the correct u.ords. \-ou use this to tvpe docur.nents
eh.rdlok \ olr store and
o1'tluht// 4tai4/
{"4; TQarrt exched a,qzl
TrerLvT't4
6eL
. lrn
" .
Semnnimg
o11
I
u.LLrr.t
retu*tu/ter to
b*k *y wy onrk
"My h.a,tr k utu,ch loryer thn*t Fw.rLi4't
a computer
on a maa"oty rttck.
h"at't'.
*t y,efer s.otm'mu to wtnter beca/lt4 r /nn t4'uobatlu/4t.
r
:
c21rr\,'
conrputer infbrn-r:rtion on this
lf you can reiate new language to yourself, yot"ll' experiences or yelur ideas, it sften nnakes it easier
rr ru,,rttc kicts
,
rr
sm:rll compriter that vou can carry irround
tei renrernber.
potpal
-
\-ou use these to listen trl rnusic rvithout rnaking a noise nohapsheecl
:
\-olrr computer sometimes does this if there is a problem thus lrrond a r:elationship u.ith a friend
sudl'to find
Think of three words or phrases you have learnt this week. \4trite a true sentence about yourself or your life using each word or phrase. 1
z
sprifidhen the state of being hrppl' shipspanc e person u''ho does a
?
neu. infornration
3 Write one true sentence about yourself or your life using a comparative strucrure and one using a superlative structure.
screeherra
5pegKrng
I
\\'ork in pairs and find three differences betrveen the
::nrs belo\\r. \A,'hich do vou prefer ancl
rvl-r1'?
. enrails ancl text rness'.lges . laptop cornplrters and desktctp colllplrters ' rrobile phclnes and landlines 2 \\brk in pair-s. A: 1'our partner has never seen one of the :1ns below. Describe -
'
.
.,.
.rp roles and repeat.
:l Colllputer rr
printer
it and explain hou- it rvorks.'I'hen
4
Work in pairs and read out your sentences. Ask questions to find out rnore information from your
pr rtn er.
Renrember to write sentences i:ersnnalising ne'','' language wfien you reeord it in your orocabulary notebook or gramffiar notes.
Porl I
1i;i***irr'i
& 5 g+*ll,
F*p*ai?i*rr+
s.$
:..1
timre
ild:, efli tcrj
ptzzle.
F1**riirg ,&
Vocqbulsry snd Speoking I \Ahat do the letters mean? Solve the time
fifit$ c*r-r**
Askwhy A: The best time to get married is in June. A: Because the weather is always good in
.
FF*ec:*:f p*1"{*e*
*
Cornpare your answers with a partner.
B: Why?
bri*f hirt*ry;*{
$:ci
5
June.
Reoding I Work in pairs and discuss the questions. n How many time zones are there in your
+,si*nr
sirred*
o r
country? Can you nane a country where it is the rniddle of the night right now? Can you name a country that is one darbehind you right now?
2%
?.?4 Read and listen to A brief on page 79.Are these (f or false (fl? statements true history of time zl?tes
you make more puzzle items with them?
r z
60 12
Time zones have existed for 500 years. Greenu,-ich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Tirne are the same thing.
:
China has alu'ays had the same number of dme zones. Jet lag makes you tired. There is only one internel time.
2
3
Here are three othet
tim,e numbers. Car'
52
Complete the rules with the expressions
in the box. dates
(4th
October, 12th March)
seasons (summer, spring)
specific times (6 o'clock, eight{hirty) years (1999,2005)
+ s 3
Work in pairs and choose one of the
tasks below.
IJse in with months (Febntnry, Decernbe), times of the da,t, Ghe ajlernoon., the eaenitzg), arrd -. IJse om u'ith days (Monda,y, Fridal,) and
A
B
u'itl-r -
Choose three pieces of inforrnation
frorn the text that you think are the most interesting. Compare with your partner. Discuss the questions.
and certain tirne expressions (the weekend, night).
n
,4
. .
Use at
Choose five questions and write your answers on a piece of paper. Use
prepositiorr + a tirne expressiort. What's the best time to ...
. " o . o . u
go on holiday? wake up on a day rvhen you aren't
working? do homework or study? visit your home town? u.atch television for films or series? get married in your country? do exercise?
a
Flave you visited a place u,'ith a different time zone? Where? Wheni Have you ever had jet lag? Do you know any good ways to avoid
jet lag?
:.:flil l;nte had stardard
time
for
less
thnn 200
.:ich itftenrct titne bss existed since
.../il'
and sirtce trith present perfect to
-^,rbout unllnished tirue -. .inl u ith a period of tirne
,
-. ,
,itrtc
rlot
-J
r,r
Llse
ith r point irr tittte in + a tinte expression u''ith
l-lresent perfect tense
i'Jcte tlrc tert r,rith [or'.:ittrt or in.
::a of a portable object that tells the time
:::^ around
five hundred years.
rhe past, people held watches in their
:.. They were later called pocket watches, :-se you could put them in your pocket.
:
; r'istwatch has existed
1880, and
-:-cnic watches first appeared '350s. Digital watches have
:::o r:res
: -
1
970.
have been sold as
ery ...,,.-,,* more than
-rCred and fifty years. A
:.:ir
is often considered
':ditional gift idea for a
,nrplctc the sentences lvitlt the present perfcct ancl-f'rtr or
(/bi)
ir-r
(.rrzzrf)
this town,.,...
English -..-,,, .- -, --. I
(l'f in class
.;ince.
ten lrc:lts. r,r'as tr,l elr.e
,verrs old.
eight o'clock. (knozt) thc tcacher . , -..,.,.,.* t\\'o ve'.lrs. (/:ale) mv u-atch -.--.. lnv t\vcntieth birthdatr (knou)
ru' oldest
fr:iencl
we \\-ere at prirnan'school toqether.
nrplcte the sentences with your own icleas ancl cornpare u'ith:r partner.
ffi ffi#Ha#&,r Forl ? . ,-''a :-i::t.,)),:))
1.-l
i
!
*:er r:r:Fr*+siq:Ft:
\Vhich ones do you think are ftinnv?
r:i:il:1,1
giir i:rr,
{{rFt4ei.:x
:r; :r,:
ial.!
$"
: -':{)
H.
Ti&:c:
i
I
€f t;fi{.
I :*vi*S ittv*l:lisll:a
ir+dri,r a,Jp:tLir,;r 9.e,'*
too much time in
z It looks like Torn's worked overtime
#ti
*{
r I think he spends
front of the television.
;li:,.i:
ii
& Tsi;:
Voecbulany ! Match the phrases in bold to the pictures.
{ilie*
: +
again. \Arell, it saves time in the morninp;sl Have you ever thought this job is a waste
of time?
s *
Aclvantaee #1: lots of free time.
Look at the
r.vords and phrases
\\4rat are thev in your language?
in bold.
Lisfereing T # :,';$ Listen to a talk about
the concept of tirne in English. Finish the sentence to summarise the n-rain point of the talk. Time is ...
2%
t"?* A,tatch 1-4 to a-d to make sentences. Then listen and check your ans\r'ers.
r
The concept of time rn the English language...
z You can spend time and Inonev ... r You can gire sonleonc vour titne. ... + \\-e can con\ ert titne into lllone\ ... a arld monev into tirne. b is connected to moneY. . just like you can give them monev. a or save it. 3 Are there similar expressions for time in your language?
Fronune istion
?
ffi
?.?I Listen and repeat the sounds
and words.
/at/ ,
ttrne
/et/,
save
2
4& ?.?& Listen and tick (r/) the word that has a diff'erent sound. Ljsten again ancl repeat the u''ords.
rfly
2 : +
s 3
time rnobile SAVC
great
g;nn smile might waste break
*'hy life friend mail meat
Look at the words in exercise
solne common spellings for
4%
/at/
eye
rnachine
height
rtonev paper 2'
\\'rhat are
and /et/?
t,F* Listen and repeat the proverbs.
Do you have any similar proverbs in your language?
r z : +
Tirne flies when vou're having fun. Time u'aits for no Inan. So many things, so
little time.
Life is short and tirne is su,-ift.
Speaking tr Work in pairs and choose the five most important inventions from the list. Then rank them fiom 1 (rnost important) to 5 (least important).
Top Time-saving lnventions The
hairdryer
The internet and
email
oven The mobile phone The microwave
The personal computer The photocopier The plane The washing machine
r lthink... r Why do you think so?
.
Because ... used to take a very long time.
r lagree/disagree. Glossary
2
foolishness (noun) - stupid behaviour
Cornpare your list with another pair.
wisdom
Do you agree?
(noun)
-
knowledge and experience
3
Can you think of other things that save rime?
Recdimg und $peokimg
\ ffi ?,F* Read and listen to the first lines of ,4 Thle ofTwo Ciries. 2
Work in pairs. Some people say that dre first line ofthe extract could be about the times we live in now. Do you agree? Are we living in the best of times and the worst of times?
S
Complete the sentences with your
own ideas.
Charles Dickens
It is the best of times because ...
(1812-1870)
it is the worst of tirnes because ...
Considered one of the greatest
4
English novelists in history,
Compare your ideas with another pair.
Dickens came from a very poor family. His books often
talk about the situation of poor people in Victorian England.
! gtt
J
i.!,'t:+
;.
vi,*:'i.l ;:i;r'rt:;tr-i
- Ft?a
83.
!.1.<..,";:..t:;a,r1.
Jt{t 44i:a lila,+aa
t+8.+.+
3
Read the text and check your a1ls\\rer.
&
Read the text again and ans\\rer the
questions.
.:+t.,a
t Hou. rnuch does dre child's toy cost? z Does the universiq' graduate have a job? : \\''hen does the familv nrall palr the billsi + \A4rere clo the young couple work? s \\'hat has the l-reir clone u'ith her rnone\'l o Do the retired couple have money
1+r'*. +.:r++lrl : .:
Look at the title of tl-re text on p:rge clo you think jt is about?
\\'hat ',,:
1::
16
K€fi#$ts 3
? Match the r.vords in the box to the pictures.
i.l-rt1;1:;1.',
.L. 1ilt:t:i :r..,., "+i:
h
W*ccba;{mny
.:tt:,r.:t:!-1:ai.j
cash cheque coins credit card notes purse
problerns?
wallet
& A Cross out the option that is not possible. I
Youearn
\\'that are colnmon nlone\, concerns for
people your age?
a asalary
o
,at,rraau
Grmnwmmr
.
the lottery You can spend money a on clothes b on food . ir-r the bank. You can take out a loan . from a bank
I'oe ah.ead.y
.
u fiom your wallet . fbr a car. You ou.e
mone\/
"
pay
.
to a f iend
. for vour r'vallet. " electricity bills u r.vater bills c monev bills.
& Look at the questions about mone),'. \Alhich questions would vou not normallv ask someone ,vou don't know very lvell?
1 z r + s
Hou, r.nuch do )'ou earn? \dtrere's dre nearest cash machine? Can you lend rne some lnonev? Hou.. rnuch did your jacket cost? lIor,r' rnuch do lrou spend every u,-eek on
r
tbodi Do you have change fbr
z s 4
t
Find eramples oflel and
text and complete the
five (clollar/
* !\rork in pairs. Look at the to do list ancl lnake sentences -nvith-ye/ or alreac$. She has already done the shopping. She hasn't paid the bills yet. do the shopptng
tht
v'
bills
euro/pound) note?
cnll work nbout n dntl do Enqlish homuttork
FIou'much casir clo vou have u'ith vou
Eo
nou'?
pharrc pnrents
Do you owe a lot of rnoner'? Compare 1-our ans\\,.ers r,l'ith a partner.
o/r'eud1, 1n 1l1g
ru1es.
teir:: \\ie use yet and ah'eady u'ith tl-re irr affirrnltir e state nrenls. \A'e use --- in negatives and -questions. \Aie use
'pnLl
a
work yet.
rse alrend! to emphasise something has happened befbre nou' use j[et to talk about something that has not happened, but u'ill probably happen soon
n to the bank People
saaecl €3.
I haaen't statted
ta the bnnk
'z'
oif
'r
3 Make vour o\''n to tloltst.\d,trite
doll'n six
hings. Include ...
.
three things vou haven't done yet, but rvould like to do this v'eek. three things you have alreadv done this
0
rveek.
4
Cor.npare vour list u'ith a partner. Ask
-'uestlons. Have you done your homework yet? ^. 3. Yes, I have. Have you visited your parents yet? ^. 3: No, / haven't. t. When are you going to visit them? .= -,:aj{.t1a'**-{ l:+{a}+ .- -tr .,,::::a;aa..::
1;;
1',1:
i,. :,if,,;::t::j.:
-j.rati:_-i::.:;i: ::.:': -:,Ca:,t::
i :!t.,j:: :. *:i
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6wf€sn
12
Listen and repeat the sound and
.,.
orcls. "1,1:i
\ , sun, rnother 2 ,=;"=? Tick (rz) the words :rc :
/.,t
th:rt have
/ sound. Then listen and check vour
ns\refs.
brother bus buy cost home money I
--. ^
la:
some
Read and listen to the poem
'- -'lrxlr
4
\\'brk in pairs. i.tad the poem, ,r.re
line each at
, time.
More work. Less fun. More money. More buying. More fun. Less money. More work. Less fun. More money. More buying. More fun. Less money. More work.
:i.-+3. 4i '& fi.--.. -.t-=: l: :4 Tr ".Ee,:!.+.,-. ;,E|'4+ :;. :+ F{: -: 7 it
2".",..t'
.F,;,,-
E
? r"
Fnrt 4 io
i:':ii,Irl-i:r';: f,i.':i:,..:
\mlsrrE*inrr srv*.r!!!g
t.
Look at the pictures of people meeting at a bank. \trrork in pairs and describe the ;1 l:ifi:r;tti
2r;
*.j .;'.
i::+
:ti.
similarities and differences between them. "1{!+:.,::i.:lti;;;.:::lt. ::ii:i:::t;j1.:jrrt:
:r:j:
t:;a:.,'::a,i.'i: :|ti: : :
6
a
_. :
l,.
a
formal clothes
6
group of women
e married couple
$ modern office
e
I traditional clothes
outside
o ln this picture ... but in this picture ...
* ln this picture they are wearing ... but
in this
one they are wearing ... a
This picture was probably taken in ... while this one was taken ...
$Fnmrdine !\vvvtt ts kind of hank. Find two differences between Grameen Bank and :1 normal bank.
a
Giossary branch (noun) - an office representing a large company
charity (noun) - an organisation ihat gives money and help to people who need founder (noun) - someone who stafis an organisation poverty (noun) basic needs
-
a situation where people do not have enough money to pay for
2 r
The Grarneen Bank thinks that ...
epe*K683S
should
Read the situation below.
x
get loans first.
" c
rich
people r,
r
The director has asked you for suggestions on how to spend the money. What
11O
does your institution need?
*
1]lOfle}r
Remember that your
Most of the people who borrow frorn the bank are ...
budget is €12,000. \A,rrite dou-n your final Iist of items.
b
pOOr.
.
both \4'orren :rnd poor. Grameen Bank workers neet the
in their offices. u in tl-re capital city. in their viliages. The bank gets back ... of the money it
" "
lends.
" abit 3 \\hat is
\Vork in small groups and discuss u.hat
you are going to
borrowers ...
i
The bank has lent your learning institution €1 2,000 to modernise the facilities.
WO111911
a wOlnen.
+
Situation
people u.ith nothing
: lt lends ... to pcople. a small amounts of money u large amounts of noney c
g!
,rq
Read the text again and choose the Jorrect answer.
I
alinost
all .
all
do you think of the Grameen bank?
it a good
idea?
bu1'.
S
Present vour pl'.rn to another group. Clive reasons frrr your decisions. a:?.i::,i a:::,:..4:a.t: 4. .ija"j:t, :-1 tt :,- : -,€.ij:l!i4'.1.:i:.:i'ii
:1.
.
-
:
:
:
.:i..
* We need ... e We don't need ... e ... is more important than ... because ... * I don't think ... is as important as ... because... e I don't think ... is very important because e
We have decided to spend ... on
because... lf we borrow something from someone, they give it to us and we agree to give it back. I
n*ed tc b*rro'tttt sc*"]e ftianey frr,:m th* ba*k.
lf we lend something to someone, we give it to them and they agree to give it back to us. Tlt* {;ank ls g*lng tc l*nci me ssffe rneney-
Complete the sentences u.ith the correct fc>rnt ol botrow or lend. 1 lr'{y pen isr't l,v*rklng. Can I
yuu' !i ,
him lv't* ihausand +ur*s fot aal. iir hlSn 1 ;Jj C ,i i'pCV ".,. t. --_ I lirn't hav* en*r:gh m*n*y fcr tl* bus. rr* s*nre? Cculd 5r6Ll v//ie J Cil t iiuvr' CrlOJ,ji Cl'Airi :" tn' o s;*n:e froi'n the neighboi.;r.
She .nC
= ;.,
av=@
tS. a :i?
t ti:.i: a:::t!j rr:ij I !;l
!i :i'iil
,:.,:r.]::.:.X
.'..:,.:.:liill:::.r.,3 '
j::r.: i:lrpiiaii;:,:::a:::a::i:
Wmn"rm axp
$**ngx*mg* $*eess: sfu*ppirng
I
? Correct the mistakes in tl-rese sentences. r How rnuch it is? z I can help vou? : I just looking thanks. + Have you a red shirt? s You can to have it for a hundred and m,'enry-five. a I take it. z No, thanks. I leave it. s That verv expensive. k +{,s l.i4 Listen and check vour ans\\rers. Then listen and
Look at the pictures of fbur difl-erent markets. \\iork in
pairs ancl clescribe the sirnilarities and difl-erences betu'een them. -:'
.i
."i:) : '
,;-:::t. .:
a
-
This stall sells ...
" I think this market is in ... " The stallholder is ...
*
\\,hjch market couid vou
see
in your country?
repeat the phrases.
Lisfenimg
I
4i+
::.1i5'*?"3.T
Listen to three conversations. N{atch each
Spem*
one to a photo.
\A,rork
2
A Choose one of the markets and roleplay a conversation. Use the new expressions yolr have learnt.
Listen again ancl ans\,'er the questions. (}rnr-ers:rtion 1: \\4rat does the man \vant? FIou. rnuch is the final pricei C.onversation 2: \\4rat cloes the u'oman bul? C-onr ersrrtior-r J: \4lhat does the woman want? \41hr,' rs she sad at the end?
s Cl-roose three thinEJs (eg your book, your pencil, your phone). You are going' to try and.rel/ them to vour partner. Decide
a
price for each thing.
Try and sell your things to vorrr partner. Use the expressions you have learnt.
ner.r-
.language and the ),S:F..T.oU F,,,b,y David,
lf there's a number you should remember when thinking about the way the English language has changed over time, it is the number four.
15
; r'. t.iri i ]-
-i\1r4J=.
787 AD Viking raids began in England Scandinavian influence on English names for people and places 849 AD 1066 Norman invasion of England. The French language influences English in many ways. 1
400
1
40Os-1 500s
1476
first printing press
set up in England. Standard writing system starts to develop.
language that is used only in a padicular area or by a particular group
shift (noun) - a change in something
1
600
1 600S English comes into contact with other languages through colonisation.
W*rrm axgr Look at the tirneline for the English language. Tick (rz) the bold phrases that you have heard ofbefore.
l BOOS Time of the lndustrial Revolution British Empire. Huge changes in English.
t.
KegGtsls
1BB4 -1
2000 F
l.
bpesKlns
$mca*s
Choose the option ll'ith the same rneaning as the unclerlined phrases.
\Arork in pairs and discuss the questions.
*
exactly 400 vears later
b 390-'+10 " 400 r ra!€ilJlrlljoLr people b 3.8-.+.2 rnillion n 4 rnillion years later l around 400 r, 395-405 400 " + .t00 million speak English as a n.rother-tonglre, million
-
late 900s Rise of the internet and globalisation. English becomes world language.
2 Read the text again and complete the timeline r'r.ith ir.rfrrrmation frorn the text.
times as man), speak
tttew English Dictionary project begins
and
will become the Oxford English Dictionary.
I Read the text The English longuage and the number four. Find three reasons rv'hy the number fbur is important.
"
.:
rr !,: r'i *;-rr*'.
i
ln 1600, when Shakespeare was writing. roughly 4 million people spoke English in Britain. Today, around 400 years later, 400 million people fiiossary zo speak Engllsh as a Angle, Saxon, Jute (noun) - the names mother tongue, and four of Germanic peoples who lived in times as many speak it England as a second or foreign dialect (noun) - a way of speaking a language.
100
\l
l;1.:.:,,i-
use today.
1
449 AD
'_i-___ -*.--,_,,.-'*i"r*i,t'a
ln 1400, Chaucer died, leaving us the literary highlight of Middle English, The Canterbury Tales. Soon after, a major sound change began which affecied many English vowel sounds. This 'Great Vowel Shift' is the main reason that Chaucer's language sounds so different from the English we
Ler:gwmge
Timeline of the English Language
I
The first boats carrying Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the north of Europe arrived in several parts of the British lsles in 449 AD. The different dialects they spoke gave us the earliest form of English - Old English, or Anglo-Saxon. Exactly 400 years later, King Alfred 'the Great' was born. He is especially famous in the history of English, because it was thanks to his planning that Old English literature survived.
erystal
it
and four as a second or foreign language
b
1,600
tnillion
n *
Can you think of anv examples of how your lauguase has changecl? For example, a word or phrase that tlo.s:l'. exist anvmore. \\4rat other languages have an influence on \-our language? Can you give exarnples? Does your language have an influence on iln\- I )::; languages?
\\hicl-r
ones?
:
F F
Writing skills: *r##ffiis;r'!S your idess Look
at Thvse's essav plan belov'. Put the points
jn each
paragraph in the correct order.
/
LLfe
a"
todi/
too
fa,tt
too 144i'1y til)n1s to dD
-
alanLt rut/l//4t
b Ut /'tt cititt too fatt ^ c tranrTnrd z
Dont
3 ?
satte tiu'@ but
conrlwion
a" ryenl
{\{;{,!sJ € i {!..1
b c
ti,..n
Reacl essay on LiJe toilal, is too Jast rnttl people clon't hnae erutt.rgh tirne Jbr zuhat is irnportant. Does she agree with
the staterlent?
t
442
rtod.
fu, %flnt /, k47ortaltt
a w U.ule ftrfri.end,s ati fil44// b enrn bay th@t c l1mny alrour r/rhtatia4t - be6u4p s'tresred d.
XlAtrp.{rmR
e-ftiut/4
ha.u,e
r.nternzt,
fU it wufu rlh.er tlu.rys
- ath*to
tu.ore ti,r,uz
do
wul,tfrteftl.t & fil4tu
cant let hfe pa.rt ux by rey'ax., h/ln fln * mtu)c, real,mg,
d. 1u/.
to rea..bre rlh,er til.rn1s
1/
/421/bizt
a.re u'r7or.ta/4,t
Ef
$"firnsufise focus: s,vxm# y*e*r *p8mxeffi Complete these sentences frorn the text.
1
-,*'- -,-. realise that there are other things in life u.ell as rvork and money. .-.-.---.spend rnore time seeing our friends and
2 -familr,'. 3 4 ----,--.
-
as
llnd dme to listen to music. let lif-e pass us by.
** wrife
Fr*pmr&mg
1 \4rork in pairs and choose one of the statements below- tcr write about. Do you agree with the statement?
* * *
Schools ancl universities do not teach studer-rts enough about hos. to manage their time. The love of money is the root of all evil.
\trrrite three paragraph headings and then u-rire notes under each heading.
*
Read the essav again and put the sentences in the correct pl:rces. How clo the sentences help us to understand each paragraph?
" I believe it is in-rportant to realise that there are other things in lif'e as rveil as r.vork and money. b .\s a result of this, \\re save time but end up fillingitu.ith
:.+;4!;a
:r::l:!:;itrj.t:.
?:)..at aa
a '
i:lji:irl:i<- r. -r
.:
i.,t!:.
'-.
.j:
:
:
* lt is (certainly) true that ... * I (personally) believe that ... * lt is my opinion / view that ...
otl-rer things.
.
Tt is certainly true that
for many people, especiallv in big
citics, life todaf is too fast.
..: D,, r,,u
:rq^rce u
ith Tltr se\ opinions?
Wn$*img \Vrite your help vou.
essay.
Use your notes and the useful phrases to
fvtc*cging ytlur study time
Grmmra"nsr I Cornplete the sentences rv'ith the correct u.orcI. 1
2 3
+ 5
6
My birthday is -November 12th. \\1lat are you doing the r.i'eekend? The best time to get married is the spring. l'r e lir ed in rrri house six r ears. I've studied French I'r'e had this purse
-last,vear.
I
r'vas
ten years old.
Put the r'vords in the correct order.
/ bill / paid / electricity / vott / the / have? / lne / a / bank/ Ioan / the. saved / three / have / I / alreadl' / euros. ftin / flies / you're / ttrne / having,/v'hen.
1
yet
2
gave
J
+
lt
vsc#brr;Ge'y
'! Match iet
the r,vords on the left to the ones on the right.
lroney
student
iam
pocket
u'atch
over 1.g tr-affic loan cash tirne u rist rnachine 2 Put owe , borrou or lend in each g;ap. r Could you *'''',-.- 1ne ten dollars, pleasei : I need to - -- - . sorne rnoney from the bank. . vou for the tickets? : Hou- much c1o L a
l.
5pefiKrffis
I
\4iork in groups of three. Thlk about vourseh'es using/or' and try to find three thing's that are the san-re for
?
I've had my watch since January. We've all studied English for two years.
\\rork in groups of three and discuss vour English Find three things you've alreaclv stuclied, and three
classes.
tl-rings you haven't studied yet. We've already studied the present perfect. We haven't
3 . . .
lhen
cliscuss
Top tig:s
*
f*r study ti;'tt*
Find the tirne w}:en you work best, and study
then.
*
ffi*-r*ae{ the work y*u hav* studi*el in e !as*. Litti* and c{ten is best, *.9. t*n mlnultes a elay.
*
spare mornents t* r*-rsad ynur eiass ro,Jork, eg b*fore meals, bstwe*n class*s, *ir the bus or waiting {cr an appoinirncni. [",lss
* Decide what is nlost iinportant. * Mak* * lv*rk piar: and foilnw it. * ilcn't l,,uasts tiime thinkinq ahaut
worlq
* dp !t
straight away!
of rrou.
I've known Maria for three years.
2
the questions about srudy dme.
t l[{ren do you study best? " In the morning. u In the afternoon or evening. . Late at night. z \\trat do you do with homework? o Do it straight away. u Do it when you are ready. " Do it at the last mirrute. : How do you study outside class? a Just do your homework. I Re-read the work done in class. . Do other work as well. + When do you re-read your notes? , Belore meals. u tavelling to school or work. " Before going to sleep.
s.nd since
lll
Ansra,,er
your answers with a partner.
practised writing letters yet.
\Vork in pairs and ask each other these questions. \dtrat do you usuallv spend your tnonev oni Do you save money? How? \Vhat fbr? Hor,r'do you like to spend your free timei
€
Make a study plan for next \\-eek. LTse your anstvers to exercise 1 and the Top tips to help vou.
' n
Wrhat will yorr do? \{4'ren will you do it?
F-e r 'l
.
e4 q m';:ld3 *" !f I *'slU fq #PqrgtqUq €w
;..-....!.-.-_.-.
E
Drau'' an outline of the roor-ns in vour house or flat. Then u,-ork in pairs and t:rke your partner on a tour clf your home.
. ',i.
i-s^*l**
e.{}49$r€{rs
T Look
at the pictures of tl.rree famous homes. \A,'l'rere are the)'l \\,'ho do you think lived there? Use the u.ords in the box to
help you zuess. !.ai::l::,::.:'
.:. a. ::+,\..': :..-... :. . - .
i:i::j j:
'
-
rr :::.,:!: ::. I
s bathroom * dining room
* bedroom c,
kitchen
* hall a living room
q
study
* toilet
* front door l.':.::a
:.:i':::
i :
.
: ::t:.:)4.
castle Dracula film set ghost haunted prince prisoner tower
:
€ balcony
?
':{1,.:
:.:i":-::..:;t':} Listen to people talking
about these hcimes and check yolrr answers.
&
Listen ag;ain. Are the staterrents true or f'alse (fli
!t:!J
1 :_ .
ijtj:l::].-::i:. t-a+: :'a.r..
::.
:.- .:, :.,
:
Conversation
:
s This is the ...
e Over here there's
a ...
(f
l:
n
The to$rer $ras built more than 900 vears
u
The )roung princes \\-ere put in the tou-er
ago.
#***u n*ei*i.i^* g t {J!}t**!L}q*Is\3b*
b1' 11-t.1r
uncle Richard
x
Conversation 2:
/h/, horne
" u
.€3:'i..i'-i Listen and repeat the sound and the lr.ord.
*
Fj.}j
'iii Listen to the sentences. Underline the u.ords r.vith the /h/ sound. l..;
Flome is u-here
...
the heart is.
hlppr
rttcln, trics lre.
vour h'.rt. the hard drive is.
vou
hangJ
IIL
The house r'vas used in a film. The house is never open.
Conversation 3: castle is still occupiecl by the " Tl're goverllment. t, Dracula never saw the castle.
4, Are there anv famous hornes in your town? \\here are they? \,\4-ro lived there?
your hopes are.
S
Listen again and repeat the sentences.
!\'hich one do vou like
tl-re best? A house is a building that people live in. $he jrires ln iha't hig h,ause"
Someone's home is the place where they live. t't. -! 4^'
- _L- t -..-
1l A lijtIe
Complete the sentences with
!e:,lii\" house
: I :, Eolng __ airer uiaSg. 2 Fiease dc exer*ise 3 for -? S** lnai big reC
4 5 =.
or
horn.e.
wcrk.
over ih*re?
My fath*r lives tnere^ l'!l dc the shcpping end cl*aning, but you - 14, (-,1':1. 'J -' thi Crl rer l-"ii, l'rx nct at ,._at tlre rn*ment"
-.""::::: ...:::
*:.:".,
Gnsmmsr People say the tower
is bsunted.
Thc mstle was retut'ned to its owners.
.
we use the passive voice when we want ro Focus on the action, not the person who does the action we also use the passive voice when we do not know who does the action or it
.
rs
not lmportant
I Read the sentences from the listening and decide if they are active (l) or passive (P). r z
The Tower of London was built in 1078. Their uncle put them in the tower.
+
People believe that Mad Tepes - the original Dracula - lived here. It is visited every year by thousands of people.
s
2 Complete the texts with the correct form of to be.
Official residences around the world
The Palacio de la Monclo? is the official residence of the Spanish prime minister in Madrid. It was / is destroyed during the Spanish Civil War, but it was / ls rebuilt afterwards.
Abdeen Palace,
in central Cairo, is / was built in 1874 for the Egyptian royal family" Today it ls / was used as an official residence for the president
Kemdixrg wand Wdrit6x'xg
? Read rhe scene frorn the filll; Brum Stol
Drarula.
* Work in pairs and write the next three lines of the dialogue. Then present your scene to another pair.
and a museum.
Language note: / bid you welcome is a
The Lodge, located
formal, literary way of saying welcome.
in Canberra, Australia, is / was built in 1926. lt was / ls meant to be a temporary home for the Australian prime minister. Now it is the official one. The official residence of the president of Ukraine is Mariyinsky Palace in Kiev. lt is /was constructed in the 18th century and ls / was used as military headquarters between 1917 and 1920.
rfre Zhongnanhai is a group of buildings in Beijing, China. lt is / was used as an official residence of the head of state in the past. Today, when foreign politicians come to visit, they were / are welcomed there.
#tu
ffi :
L"n*nrr"-i . , ..
I
'0e i
r"
b4
'",,,-'.i.r,:,,r
..
&
V*embtx€*rlr tr*'!d Spe*kimg X Look at the pictures of different anirnals. \Arould you keep any of- these animals in your hornel \Vhich onesi
budgie cat dog goldfish hamster horse mouse rabbit snake spider
Quickly read the rest
cif the text and
choose the best subtitle.
" u
Tiue stories of
cats
ufio lil'ed in
.
difl-erent countries. Tiue stories of cats u'ho travelled a long distance to come horrre. Tiue stories of c:rts who loved their
a
Tiue stories of
o\4rners.
* a
\\4rich of these
anin-rals have ...
tail?
eight legs? ftir? ears? fins? u'ingsl
bie
4'
l:.,;:.i Read and listen ro rhe rext and complete the sentences u..ith the names of the cats.
* ib":
\4rork in pairs and ask each other these questions.
" *
Did vou har.e a pet as a child? \dhat u-as it? ,{r:e you afraicl of any of tl-rese anirnals?
!\F{"31Jc3
T
lived in the USA. -..- carne home after about -.-..,. months.
€bd
Do you prefer cats or
dogs?
\\'hv? Tell
a
prefer ... because they are friendlier / more
intelligent / more interesting.
s
*
came b'.rck horne after
4 --,, went to his ou-ners' second s u-as happv but Verv dirry --5 Find u.ords in the text u''ith these t
*
z
Read the introduction to The cat cntne on page 93 and discuss the questions in
bttck
pairs.
Do cats have any special meaning in your country? Do many people keep them as pets? \A4rat is the most common pet? In English, people sometimes say that cats have nine lives. Does this expression exist in your language?
home.
meanings.
I don't like cats or dogs.
€
-' and ----u'eek.
tr,vo
a
partner. I
,r,:.;=F
r ''-2 i
UAed.*a
cats u'ho travelled a lone
distance to leave horne.
I 4
important that you should not criticise (introduction) it the official line that separates two so
countries (paragraph 1) very dirty (paragraph 2) the sound a cat m:lkes u.hen it's happv
(raragraph 2)
& \\,hich story do you tl-rink is the most surprising? Do you knou, any unusual pet stories?
-frffew
mmR ffiffiffiRffi ,fummfu
&r'.q'fu:*r:i::glist* **Birrr;:'!* tf:;*? *#lll*r::: a** +-*€s fu*v*,tiv*rl 1*g*tlt*r- f*:r ::1#r* trh;r* *,**13:1**r*. it"; 4n*i**t i;*l,F{: *iris ::'i-:i: .;r:i;Lr;Li,i;,t ::s*i'*d
nrirnnts arrri ;.::'*t*.",r
i;: ., ;'; ;1,,':r,.
i,:*;*1. ?i't*g* &f* *fi,**titr:*{"*::i
$i3* *riiir-ri: tl*g'vlr::*ti* **t* l* !:ir*'r*,,*r'l{*" *:*ki*g **t* *:r:* :*f l** ;e*:gt !':*l{'tf?!{:!i: *nlft*is l*'lf:* h*fl:*. }.{'s. *s,1*}$:r.}ii n:* **y ii:*t *;*tg i:*.g*
*in*: .,;
iivre.**
h*:**l;";$*
..1, . ..,,rr!,
*f l**ri
o_1,::it
;l
ii
i;.
l*:* f*ii*'u.;;rt# t{{-r* sl*ri*s ***r;;" l.J I :'l'=,.:r Li
:i
ii ;
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:
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i
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t";'lli*i :*,."j il i j,i,']
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'L'l:,:11.
I
n
1981 Mehmet Tune, a Turkish man living in Germany, went to Turkey with his cat and family for a holiday. At the Turkish border Minosch disappeared. Sixty-one days later, back in northern Germany, the family heard a noise at the door. lt was Minosch.
l,
I
;}iiilil*
ir *- ::r.:.:ll i..i:il i, i li,l* icii il i:.ir ii: r i:: l;L;i;i. ln 1978 this three-year-old .
cat walked home from the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, to Adelaide. The trip took ayear. Kirsten Hicks, the cat's owne1 said that although he was filthy and bleeding, Howie was actually purring.
:; (-lii
ll,,'.
l.;t,.u
.. i,,. " T :. . r : ln September 1 994; ChrisahdrJennifer Trevino's cat Ernie jumped out of a pick-up truck while it was,traveiiing down the motorway. The cat was 965 km away from home. A week later, Ernie walked back into the Trevino family home in Victoria, Texas.
,:-iii"'..,".;ii
-* ii,:ivt,iir,.#
,1,..t
=
i,; ii'ir; Fi*r"i;i: 1' l
The Servos family lost their pet cat
Gringo from their home in northern France in December 1982. The following July they learnt that the cat was in the south of France. Gringo had travelled through France and arrived at the Selos's summer home a week lat€r,The neighbours took care of him until the Servos ir r:' family arrived.
g
YOCfipUgfl!'y
I Look at the picnrres and complete the sentences v-ith the correct prepositions frorn the box. across across along down
into
out
of
through
up
2#
'?"45
in
t
Ernie jurnped
the truck and walked
z
past
He
v'ent
a
bridge, and ,,--
sotne
fields.
the highv'ay.
-
Listen and
check your ans\r'ers.
Then cover the ientences and try retell the story.
tcr
f.tt!:
He
e
:.;..**r-'"ffi
u'alked --
the river, but f-ell
+
FIe
ran
e
He walked
some sleeping dogs
accident.
s
He climbed
-,-.
a
tree to sleep and climbed
rgrin the nexr morrring.
later.
the farnilv home one week
--
:.:arr.ri{r
,ii::i
ia
rf,ft
'..,.
,1
.".. ..
l-,;a:;
a;.
t
t
+
i"t
--.--.;",".-,.
a\: :c=
I:*e:',L
;=';i++z'+,ji;
i=t:\:j+:.=,
6F* r{ r! sa fE t\EHS I $\d
$-xs?*r"aimg
Read,,1 quick guide to the world's Tnost fomo'us guidebooks and complete the sentences with
& '€e'z.,:i*-E=+A Listen to three conversations between tourists and travel guides / agents. Choose the correct situation fbr each one. There is one place vou don't
the names of the guidebooks.
1 z 3
{ir :zt t * t:*!il';:,e'z j:.;lli::i;1
6d
r-! ::;a--.:aia::a\
)
4
became fan-rous for its restaurant --,-,,' reviev-s. ---_. ---- was \\,'ritten by a soldier. -- uras the first modern -_-guidebook. .. were u ritten and for people w-ithout a lot of money.
\\4rich ofthese guidebooks did vou know about already?
need.
beach city centre market
*
Listen again and choose the cclrrect
ans\\,'ers.
Conversation 1: TI-re man wants to travel ... " to the USA. t this month. c 11€Xt month. Conversation 2: The tower is ... newest building in the city. the tallest building in the city. the oldest building in the city. Conversation 3: The guide persuades the man to ... " buy a carpet. u have lunch. . visit the city.
" u .
}:*-E;-fr
travel office
tl-re
f,fii-;ffj,jL::,1;::;i +*t.;.-':-: \...)..i:::,:'::.' ?E;G.-::.a..:i..: :a:,. . :.::: . a+?+t4t+r::1..1 :-. . :,
.,
.
W?:Et*..):...+.?:.:,,:..... :: : ::-
:
a4+31-:.';4.:i1'.a.:::1.::
A tnp is when we go somewhere and come back again. Adrive is atrip in a car. Aflightis atrip in a plane. A journey is a long trip from one place to another. A four is a trip to a place where there are interesting things to see. A ride is a short trip in a car or bus or on a bicycle or motorcycle. Replace the underiined words with other words that mean u'ip. 1 I w*nt for a trip in my Lrrother'$ new car. 2 They were very tired and had j*t lag after *h:
3 4
tfrird
*r'in urur ^lan^ re tr'lr.
i-le took me fcr a trip in his new Volkswagen. $hs's saving money for her next ttitr) across Eurcpe.
.'f{"1$?g'!'f i::i''
If 1,otL go ltp tlJe t0a-el; lcttr. z.uotz't re gret it. If you buy one rf'these crr])et-t rtou, I can get tt gtod price
Jbr
you.
if ytr,like.
I'Il
ask
.
use the fir'st conditior:ral to talk about
. . .
a
possiblc funrrc sitult ion use the present simple in tl-re zf clause trse will, cnn or nt.ight plus verb in the rnain clause the z/clause can be the first or second
i Check vou unrlerstand thc y>hr',tse lttach resu't. Arc thcre any bcach resorts it-t your
clause in tlre sentence
,
countn'? Do vou like tl-rem?
Con.rplete dre sentences from thc
.3 ,-.,,,., ,,i
Listening ri.ith the correct phrase.
r
If you trnt'el / i;i// trnt'el thts
:nlonth,,1t611'//
: If vou z:;i/l go / go up the to\\,cr, volt ilrll'r / t/on't regret jt. Lli'll / l.'l? qo there later if I'ou *-i// unttt
/
it/1/1t.
+
If you btrl' / i;",i\/ &zry tuo, {ilcs you a big discount.
she
l
r
Read ancl listcn to the text.
rk in pairs rnd
cliscuss drc
r:ill gii:e
/
.' \\rl-rat is the clifl-erence betu ecn these :Cl1 tenCeS?
. If I go to Lonclon, I'll bur,' ar-r Enelish q'uidebook.
r, lf I eo to Lonclon, I niieht lnv au Ens'lish guiclebooh.
. If ] go to Ltxrclon, I car.r br-rv au Enelish
" .,
\Ahat
c1o
Srl and tl.re others
\\'rr11t
avoid? \\'hr'? Do r-ou often visit placcs that
ffi
#
qu estioll s.
/ )'otr get all extril 20% cliscount.
:
'I'hen
to
..rre
popul:rr ri'ith touristsl .Ve tlterc:ttl\ l)l;t(c( itt rottr cr)tttllr\ tl.rrrt ha','e tori much touristn? \\here? Alex Garland (',l970-) is an English writer of novels and He wrote his first novel
f -:
Ihe 86..
in 1996 when he was 26 !€a': and it became a classic. lt \'.'as
-
made into a film in 2000.
euidebook.
, \\rrrrk in pairs. Read the situittions ancl eorlplete thc sentences riith r-or-rr orin itlcas. r
\bu $ rnt to go sotneu'here this
:
(sunnv or raining?) lf it's sunny, we'll ... \?ru have u on a biq prize (a trip firr tu.tt
:
n eekeucl.
or monet-?) If we win the trip for two, we ... \bur fricncl is g'oing tcl have a babl'and ]iou \\'ant tri ltuy a present. (bol or g'irl?)
lf
it's a boy ...
:$
il
&
-*
E- w@ '"tu ""%%EiauHT "_4 " %,"8: ='%,. 5-
*i
?h rE
%,'
#F
Fsrf 4
*r:+e;iLing 4:il*1+; .:t.,::;;--::i::t:
*:;i!+r:t
'J
iv*: *
;:rerp*+siii+*i
i.i*'.g ir!*+i:" *f t+,*r!ss:
Specleimg
Recdimg
\A,'ork in pairs. Look at the pictures belou' and describe thern. FIow do you think they
Read the text l{ew kinds of totu'ism on . Which kind of tourism does each picture show?
are connected?
...: " ""
2
iq:+#:tiq+*+:.r i
"
ancient o disaster area s operating theatre
:l ;.,,.,':ll::ii:tr il. !li:l:l::l;l
g*ftt€!:d* 1€v*;*
Read the text again and put the sentences
in the correct places in the text.
* itr:e+*
T
page 97
W:FFi?1tt'
:;;,':', :''
"
6 castle
s kitchen e storm
;'
u
"-=' * lt looks a bit like ... * This picture shows ... while this one shows ... * This picture looks nicer / more interesting / more boring than ...
" a
It
vocubulory 1 Cornplete ,h. ,.nr.n..s with the correct prepositions.
about at in of of
t
I'm
interested bored
historical and
worried
beach holidays; we go
the situation and
I
want to help.
:1Tl + s
I'm fond sand, sea and sun. cooking, but I want I'm not good to learn.
e
I'm
a
bit
afraid
old castles and
places like that.
?
Match the sentences in exercise 1 to the
pictures frorn the speaking activity. More than one ans\\-er mav be possible.
S
Complete the sentences in exercise
with your own ideas.
tourisn nou' available. Cooking holidays are growing in populariry especially in countries like Italy and France. This kind of tourism is not very popular with local residents for obvious reasons.
unacceptable
to the beach e\ eD year.
I'm
at dre same time enjoying more q,pical tourist attractions. New Zealand has benefited from this kind of tourism since the film The Lu,d olthe Ringr u,-as made there. The increase in the number of tourists also means an increase in the kinds of
3 \Vhat is your opinion of these different kinds of tourism? \drrite a number for each one. 1 =veryacceptable, 5 = cornpletely
with
cultural places.
I'm
"
This kind of tourism involves going to a different country for health care and
1
Then compare your ideas with I think ... is very acceptable. I have some problems with ...
I think ... is unacceptable.
a
partner.
1,600
New kinds of
1,400 1,200
I
r,ooo
=E
aoo 600 400
People are travelling more than ever before. The World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) predicts that by 2020 the
2oo 0
number of international travellers will be more than 1.6 billion people per year (see char.t). Here are four
1
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
950
2020
different kinds of tourism that have appeared recently. Disaster tourisrn involves visiting the site of a disaster. Examples include tours to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, to parts of Thailand after the tsunami or tourist visits to ground zero in New York.
Medical tourism can be for a variety of things, from operations to visits to the dentist or even cosmetic surgery. , a A few of the popular countries offering medical tourism are lndia, Cuba, Thailand, Argentina and Jordan. ln
Another growing area of tourism is literary tourism. This is a kind
Kenya they even offer medical safaris.
of cultural tourism and there are severaltypes. lt can be
connected to the life of an author, for example visiting
Nearly all tourists eat in restaurants, and dining is one of the top three tourist activities. But if you were in a country famous for its food, would you learn how to cook it?
the author's home or favourite
lives l*i;*ss&i::i (noun) - medica of characters in a story. It can also cosmetic surgery improve someone's be a visit to a ptace wrrere a rirm :ff:XH::j'" places, or connected to the
Welcome to the more extreme form of culinary tourism, where people go to another country to learn how to prepare its food.
was
made,
ground zero (nounJ - aplace where a io of people have been killed health care (noun) - ffe services that look after people's health
'..-. '" . .- ^.' f '::;t;;, ;; ',:;, Look at this question. Oriv the !l S'
tsr :-::i
l.l1!trJlilF
:
:
Look at senteuces 1--l and ans\\.er iLrestions a-c belol'.
stressecl words are u.ritten. Listen ancl
r /f r orr wet'e in J countrf lhrrrous tcrr irs
tl-re
: lf I wettt to .\lor,,!!!r. I would ursil t hc nrarket in tr{eclina. \\re wouldn't aisit the disaster area l/ri-e zrrerz ir'r
Ne\. Orleans.
l.ritc
rvorlcl, rvhere
,-i Listen
,.,
zrgain irnd repe'rt the question.
Then rvork in pairs
ancl ask each other.
.
stressecl r,,'ords.
-
,: \\thich
sentence in each pair is
ibout
. a \{re'11 go if li.e har.e thc rloner.-. t, \,\te'd go if u'e hacl the nlolrel-. r a \\rould vou r.isit there if vou couid? r, \\111 l-ou visit there if-r,'ou can? , I'd rrercrri:ita tlisasrerz,rrre. ' I'll rrcr cl r isit r tli:r:rcr z( )ne .
Language notet would yau is often pronounced /u,odiu;
or /wudje/ in fast connected speech.
*
If ]rou could rvork or
u
\'14rat country u'ould vou prefer? If some foreign friends risited you for one day and r,r.".rntecl to scc
an
.nreal situation?
tsunami (noun) - a very large wave tnai caused by an eadhquake under the sea
..., - . go;
13 \Atrrli in pairs ancl ask eech other the qucstions in the box. Pav attention to the
\\''lrat form of the verb follows tuould in the other part of the sentencesi \re these rcal or unreal sinrations?
environment
go au,r.here
, \\hat
tense are the verbs in the ur-rderlinecl parts of the sentenccs?
safari (noun) - a journey, especially in Africa, to see wild animals in their naiura
rnissing lr'orcls.
. .volr,,,-
food, would s'or learn hol. to crioh it?
r
ir
u *
stud1,-
in another country u.ould y'ou
clo
iti s,.,
sights, rvhere would you take them? \,\tl-rat would ,vou do if your son or daugl-rter told vou thel u rrrtrti travel on their own? If you $rent to England, rvould vou buy souvenirs? \{'hat lr r-r'.t,,.1 .
Who for?
.
:
,i:
ii
@ ? f&: i€ '€
;,.:*l:: .i,..:x
ffi Iffi
-G )
w
&; ffi
t€ []1ffiPrv! Br& YY@' tsb ilv!*
\Vork in pairs. Rnl.play
a
short phone con\iersation for
each situation.
Situations
1 A: phone B. You can't go to work today. Say why. 2 B: phone A. You have a problem in your kitchen. You want A to come and fix it.
3
A: phone B. You would like to reserve a room in B's hotel
4
B: phone A. Tell A about a fantastic holiday you have just
for two nights.
i$ li:f
$ Look at sentences 1-8 in exercise the ftinctions a-h belou,. \\hich
a b c a e r g h *
phrase do 1'6u u5s ... u.hen you ans\\rer the phonel
to say u'l-ro yori are?
to
say the purpose
ofvour calli
to politelv ask the other person to u'aiti to connect one caller tO another? to ask to speak to someone? to ask if the other person wants to lear.e a mcssaqe? to say you u'ill call asain later? ?'
\Vork in pairs fufrxtmrxfirxg
'#:.:":*t,:4
Listen ro four short phone conversarions. \\''l'rat is the man trying; to doi \{1hat happens at the end?
f-mragr;mge $seus: teffephawe
anci choose one of the tasks belorv.
& Repeat the warm up activitlr usir-rg the neu, expressions you have learnt.
*
Prepare a phone conversatioil. Use the diagram belorv help i ou. Tlrerr prlctjse ) orrr con\ clsation.
f; ngiis,9-.
Put the u-ords in the correct order to make useful
\
phrases.
t z : + -i o ; 8 2
rrlwri*lls*t&!,!t lww&\4w*t;
t$
ttt:
,/
about calling the English learning holidav I'm.
Mrs Knight can speak to
I?
call back
I'11.
a message
I
v
\,a q s -,1n , .. r.; / ^....., \ ,.
please a moment, just. can takei
Greenway hello, Holidays. Pablo Nonso is hello, this.
'-
'. I-isten and check volrr ans\\rers.
rcpL'i]t the phrases.
f 47) Alt " -w^b;.::x^ ,wrwxt i"^)"u,,' ^
** ,."';..;
* \.r{,'
\-ou put I'11 through. ',"-,' '
and n-ratch them to
FP#*k*rlq#
returned from.
$
I
Then listen and
/
.r
.f|ij
/ 4r.r:&'trrel&X'l*irl
\, {
- r'I
.,...-._ IL--1'lSa.-qYl
,
.-.
i4;;&;i4"l,ii,i;,liitiij;tti,l;&
tcr
Longuoge focus: odverbs of degree I Put the adverbs of degree into three groups. +
a
++
bit extremely
+++
slightly
fairly
2
Match the speakers 1-5 to the sumrnaries a-e. Then listen again and check your answers.
Wurrn urp I Look at the picnrres of
I :!1t
'tl1'
rii
clillerent horncs. \{brk in pair' and describe the sirnilarities and
rl!i
clifferences between drem.
nI
fi:
I{
2
Dar,'id, Georgia Elena, Russia
3
Valeria, Bolivia-
4
Itatie, Northern- Ireland
5
Bea, England
a
The homes in-rny country are quite varied. They have
2
Are any of the pictures similar to homes in vour country?
Listenimg :,5**'?4* Listen and cross out the topic the speaker doesntt rnention.
=#.+
I
David,
z
blocks of flats b houses in the " Elena, Russia
Georgfa
, big houses
t
' l.i[:t tl']il
house
villages c
house
prices c rooms in a house
prices
" a " 3
-
different pretty colours. Hornes in my country are very big; in the cities there are blocks of flats, and in the country there are more houses. In my country many voung people share a big house together; hornes are quite large. Flats in my country are extremely expensive, much more expensive than flats irr Great Britain. Terraced houses in rny city are fairly qpical. Thev ha"'e two roolns upstairs and two roonls dor;l'nstairs'
\trhich sentences in exercise
2
are truc For vour
countr\:
oxford Speoking + Katie, Northern Ireland I Choose one of the topics belolr.. Make some notes usinq a terraced houses t blocks of flats c varjed homes the questions to help you. s Bea, England " Homes in your country and homes in Great Britain / , house prices t living roorns c house mates USA. Different? Hov'? . An extremely big house you have visited. \4',1rose? u coroured houses " hornes in
. n 2
\\4rere? \\hat's it like? A part of your city where the buildings are quite uqlr-. Where? What do they look like? A part of your country u''here homes are fairh' cheap. \A4rere? Hou. rnuch? \'\4ry? \Arcirk in pairs and tell each other about vour topic.
I'm going to tell you about an extremely big house i ve It's a friend's house, and it is outside the town.
:::
'.'i-.
lt has -a'
,
bedrooms, and a very large living room ...
G lo ba I vo
ices
.-.'-
::
Recding Read Aneta'.s description of her town and ansu'er
the questions.
r z :
\44-rat are the town's main attractions?
\\4rat
does Aneta like and dislike about the town? \drould you like to visit the town? \\4-ly?
Writing skll[s: giving more inforrmmfion Make your,,l'riting more interesting bv giving rnore infbrmation about places.
Pnt the clauses withwhere in the best place in the email. t ..., where people go skiing in the u,-inter z . . ., where you can go for a day trip 3 . . ., where you can go fishing + ..., r'vhere vou can enjoy the natr-rral hot water all year round
Fneporimg fo wrife \drork in pairs and ask each other the questions. LIse the useful phrases below to help vou.
r What's your to$m called? z \44rat sort of town is it? : \\4rere is it exactlv? + \4,hat is it like? s \\4rat are the main attractions? o \4hat can you do there? z \tr4rat is the u,-orst thing about the town? a \A,hat do you like best about the tow-ni ::.,1*. ;;,.,'' ffi:;:j$e+' :. - : ?ii.*!"i4*:::,?<+.',i=:-..:ri: -: :::: :
l"onguoge $oears: fr and f&ere ! Arreta has forgotten to use i/ seven times and there seven times.
Write the words in the correct places in her
description.
It will be great to
2
see
you again.
Complete the rules using ir or there. Use
* There are lots of shops / no historical buildings. * There's a medieval castle / no shopping centre. * There's a lot / not much / nothing to do (at night).
to talk about something for the first time.
---is an old Tou'n Hall.
aren't many bars. to talk about something vou have alreacl,v Use mentionecl. is near the mountains. - is r-ery old. ,'""
/ medium-sized / large town / city / village. c lt's historical / modern / touristy / a bit quiet / quite lively * lt's in the north / in the south-east/ in the centre of ... s lt's on the coast / near the capital city. e lt's a small
1:
r ::
-
Wni*img \Vrite an email like Aneta's to describe your to\lrn to friend. Use,vour answers from above to help vou.
a
Lecnmimg wCIrd$
Gncrmmsn Complete the sentences with
tl-re
correct words.
r z
The Tou'er of Lonclon
+ .; o
I'rn bored at / with / on my job so I'm going to leave. If you don't / uon't / uonltLn't hurrv, yclu'll miss the bus. I lvould visit Brazil ilI haae / had / would haxe enotgh
;
You'll never pass the exam if yol clon't / uon't / didn|
s
You will
uo-r htLih
/
wa.r build
Every vear, Dracula's Castle eisited / aisit thousands oftourists.
/
/ ltuih in 1078 is Lisitedbv
! Work in pairs. Can you remember which prepositions were used in these sentences? the moment. r Hi.I'm not home z The castle is known -- Dracula's Castle. r If you were in a country famous its food,
llould you learn how to cook it]
to take photographs too close to 10 Dor,vning Street.
+
/
can,
/
coulcl see
!a
Similar
Reacl the definitions and complete the li'orcls.
tr-
the biggest anirnal in the u,orld an insect that makes hrinel. a book that tells you about places to visit something vou pack before ]/ou tra\rel
Go
(1)
(l) (i)
Spec&
o
s_
ffi
the road, the bridge :rnd the church.
\'-_ b__
w
Cornplete the directions Lrsing the correcl PreP0sirions.
I
:t'.
I
other the questions.
. .
If you coulcl live anl.r,vhere in the world, u.here woulcl you live, and why? \Ahat u'ould vour house be like? \A'here v'cluld yoli go if you could travei anwrhere in the worldi \\hat rvould t ou do there? \\4rat could you see?
2
\4rork in pairs. You are goingl on holida1, toeether. Discrrss rnd decide wherc r ou lre grirrg.
.\: you \\,-ant to go to
a tropical be:rch. Ti-rink of some
reasons u-hy
B: you \\-ant to go to a city. Think of some reasons :.:::::::-.:'i:"';l:ri::,:i',4::r:::,::lri::! ::j:..:, .,' :::=:.*ti::-:i+.: :.i;,:U :j.li...: ..,aat a:: :.. :'..:.
.:.:-44ta:..t:..:l;:;::::i'1 ;,.,
a three-day rrip.
to
Their situation is very similar to ours.
(t
an animal r'vith a verv long neck
going
2 Look up these adjectrves in your dictionary. Write the preposition they are used with and an example sentence lrom the dictionary.
lions if vou went on safari.
vocsbul$ry I t z : + s 2
You are
When you Nearn new - words, it is a good idea to learn thern with the prepnsition they are used with. at hame ga an a trip interested in
f-ito11e\r.
stud\,'.
with prepe$;fions
t
different
z
married
:
related
+
keen
&
Use a dictionary to find out whether these words are
used
with
to,
for or
on.
holiday r go 2 go a. drive the cinema 3 go t.l adnnk 4 gos go salari 6 go ----- a prcnrc acrulse 7 go-8 go-aconceft o go lunch
t0 go
tour
-a
w-h1..
. a::
:
A: lf we go to Hawaii. we can ... c B: Yes, but ... is boring. lf we go to ..., we can ... e
*f *i:=i r'+vie;"; ;i 3:i-:i:y'
;t ;l:l
Psrt I Spmlieg & Li;t+*ir:g ?*** e**tec?*Fl V*e*!:uii
r,v
F***i*g
Eli
ir:'+.q
e+€st
{i3{: *?:+rl
**e
sft
r r .
s*ld
Replace the underlinecl words in exercise rvith the words in the box. There may be
nore dran one possible ans\,'er.
a cold?
months 2-5 200+ 2-3 years $g.S Oittion
24-48hours
#asEe*l lr*rE+s e€ exdsiae
cough coughing fever head leg sick stomach ache toothache wrong
Harre you had a cold yet this year? Do you e\rer take tirne off work or school
-lry to complete the information about the cornmon cold with the numbers in the box. There are t\\,-o numbers vou don't need.
tJtr-}Ff:{Jt
2
50
6-10
ln r*r*qberg "," & siqk
1
Hov-oflen do you get a cold?
2
{,arr*.s 6*v trgi*
2
qlrestions.
with
i-i:i*::in*
ee*gltler*g*
Speoking snd Listening I \A,brk in pairs and ask each other the
rtegg*
,lti€ *r.t$.ifu$*f virusss the!
*e*$* tfr*
common c{]ld
th* *v*r*ge nunr**r *f *old* ** ***i9 g*t*
:
svergy*&r r?h* avera6*
b*bf
**rnber #{ *eldg a *hilC Ss{s eveqr ysar
u*r
3
\Vork in pairs. A: turn to page 127. B: tlrrn to page 129.
Fronurnciafioar
I % T.*t Listen to rhe groups of u-ords. \\,hich word has a different ch or gh sound? t cheap cl-ricken choose machine z character catch technique headachc 3 tough enough ought cough 2
\Vrite the u'ords from exercise 1 in the
corfect c.rlutnns.
tft
tkt
hlt
fl
silent
th* *verag* tlr*e y*u h*ve a *eiqi befar* ya* f*ei the $yrn$t*r*s th* aver6*e tirn* ir y**r life y** will *:av* *.e*Fd the eqrct .trf th* e*n'!r**n *cicf ifi *he ll$ ev*1y year $r*r:l l*st tirne *t w*ik al"}d $*h*#li
3 %
?"*? Listen and check your ans\4rers.
3%
Vocobulory I Complete the sentences u'ith the correct word.
t z r + s o t
Wat's / Hou's the matter? Ifeel / haae tired. I've got /Jeel a headache. I've {rot a btrtt / vttv throat.
My back hutts / is htnts. I have a hlocked / blockittg nose. l'rn,/ /i'r' :rlwar s sneezing. Language note: when you talk about feeling ill you can use I have or l've got.
Par,,
t I've had enough ofthis cough. z I think I caught it from Charles. : He'.s had a headache lbr ages. 4 % ?"t':.t Read and listen to the poem belou. Horl rrrany dillerent pronunciltion' of ough are there? I take it you already know :,O.fJo,ugh:and .bqugh':aid:coughrqr-rd. dough,,
: Otier$,may gtrumblF but.nef y6U;:::.
:
.,:AdrcadfrtljangFage?.jMan.alive,,,-,. I'd mastered it when I was five.
Tlt, to read the poern aloud.
:
:,, ..... :',: :,
.:On:hiccoughthorough,:s.lolrgh :and,throughi
5 ie3lih
t.*3 Listen ancl repeat the sentences. s11.l',iun to the c/r and g/: sounds.
:,
.:,
:,
t.,'
*
l:**^*;**
XIake ne\\,'sentences u'ith the u'ords in
brackets.
I
Read the quote about the comtnon cold. \\h.rr adr icc r,r uultl i ou gir e t{ ) \( )nleonc
Can't sleep at night? Advice for insomniacs ..,
u-ith a colcl?
Drinking' coffee before bed is a very bad .=
!;:':+
il ":: !i';:': l : ::.-:i: 1:r;!:::1;a:. t:., '.'.'t::: ; :ia::.::.:1t :::::
idea. (mustn't) You mustn't drink coffee before bed.
r
i: t\- a:j,:a::
l'\: :?, . ..::.a\: t!.ia:. ,a ii::.'a.:.. ::,::';
(shoukl)
ai': ata
z r
i,:.i- .':...:.lr
1:
:f
+ 2 ''*
Trl' taking a warm bath belbre bed.
,r-.:l I-isten to the different people
s
'rns\\rering the sarne questiolt. List the
Sleep on a good bed. (thorilA It'.s a good idea to see a doctor problern continues. (ought to)
if the
Sn'roking before you go to bed isn't a good idea. (shouldn'r) 'Iiy to qet some exercise cluring the dav. (should)
picnrres abtive in the order that,vou hear thern: eg b, ...
3
Choose one ofthe verbs in dre box. again ancl rnakc notes on the aclvice i-ou hear u.ith that verb. T.ister.r
*--" e.ecA/q{sF}g!
s
3 Read the three situations
breathe drink eat go stay take wash
and choose one.
Situations
1
You have been invited to a party tonight, but you don't feel well. Write a note to your friend. Explain the situation and apologise.
4
Cornpare your notes u'ith a partr-rer.
2
Then
check the auclioscript or-r page 157.
You have a special exam tonight but you don't feel well. Write a note
to your professor. Explain the situation and ask if you can do the exam another time.
Gr*mm*exs"
3
should eat garlic.
You
sbotrldn't lo ntt1, g.v(1'.it.. \'ou, really ought to wash you' hantls Yotr
regrLlarlr. )/on
must stay in
*
\Vork in pairs and srvap ,vour sick notes.
\trtite a short reply and give the person some advice.
bed.
.
use should
o
\\.e can also use ottght
.
more common Tnust is similar to should but is stronger
to give advice and make
suggestions
T
to,but
shctuld is
Use the pictures and your oll'n icleas to give advice to sorneone rvith a coid. I think you should ... I
You don't feel well today and you can't go to work. Write a note to your co-worker. Explain the situation and ask them to change shifts with you.
don't think you should ...
* l'm sorry but I can't ... * l'm sorry but I won't be able to
.
".
e l'm not feeling very well. e l've got ...
* lthink l've got
...
to hear that you're not feeling well. * Don't worry, we / you can ... e Sorry
" Get better soon.
'##
== -:..'-,-----Eaa: -- a
: ,.., :
H
;it
F 1l ?; t;;3':.., #. :i fi t #AEi' i+ --- =A
+.i*,:4 '& na :E
$-.*+tF.
'8"*
zH=
.rp,r-:{ \;;ui.fi ':p'15 -.. '+
z
Fcr:r? ?
tr;.tt:.;lr: i
tl
1!:;:rii.: +:i :l t::i:?t-i1t i::l
w{}c#brj[trry E
Cornplete the questions u,-ith the correct fbrm of the verbs. ':itiar:.1 srr:s::
Have you ever... iLl.aa.a,:i
lj
lit;1r-:ir::
r
d-:l
:t+.r
an operation?
r*:.!rt:
in a hospital overnight?
744.j!4);'.
a bone?
break {q;.:it'! .t ;a,,:);!:':'?. :ji;:i:t'i tt+.".r*:e
have
stay
:t:,*-3 ?+
Do you ...
a check-up with your docior?
the dentist? How often? any pills? go
for take
visit
&
\rVork in pairs and practise reading the text. Each person reads one line each. Pay
attention to tlle $-orcl stress. Are you afraid of ... injections?
KesSrFrs
to hospital?
-___.
?
iil?
become go
have
Fnmaxtsme
iw?i*ra
eroups with the same number of s14lab1es. Then rnark the stressed s.vllable.
alcohol Arabic medical operation
hospital
phannacy presen'ation
translation
originally
# ?.:.:l Listen and follor,vlrab ittfluettces on merlicine to check vour answers. \4hat do you notice about the last s-v-llable of the u-ords? m
Listen and repeat the words
from exercise 1.
anaesthesia antibiotics
disease DNA
*
vaccines
\Arl'rat clo you think the text is about?
Choose one ans\ver.
X Put these u'orcls into
S + l";ii
a text
you understancl rvhat they mean.
?
Choose one question frorn each box. Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.
The u-ords in the box are fiom
caIIed Mile-rtones of modern medicine. Check
" important discoveries in n'redicine u the most serious diseases in medicine c a competition betu''een doctors * '% ?.-*3 Read and listen to the text on page 105 and check your prediction.
€.
Read the text again and complete the sentences with the names of the milestones.
1 helped identifi' many 61i5s25s5. z --,*,,..--, reduced deaths from dirty water. 3 -,,.*,-, *- reduced deaths by infection. 4 .--,-,-.-... helped doctors u'ith operations. 5 was invented to treat rabies. -rvere discovered by acciclent. 6 $ The British Medicnl Jozrrnal asked doctors - for the most jmportant milestone. to vote \Ahich do vou think won?
Gnsffixmsn Docto't's cauld.
treat infections properly.
Do(tlts didn't haue to wnsh their hands. Pntients had to be awake duting operations.
.
ase could and coulcln't to talk about things that were or were not possible in
the past use had to and di.dn't baae to to talk about obligation or no obligation in the past the past Form ol must is bad to
I Cornplete the texts with had to, didn't haae to or could.
The X-ray Before 1900 if doctors wanted to know what was inside a person's
they
open it. ln 1895 a German professor called body
Wilhelm Rontgen was experimenting
with vacuum tubes. He discovered that
he
see the bones
inside his hand. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901
.
ffiisks of *r:ruck*mg put
ln the past tobacco companies
a warning on cigarettes. Doctors did not know that -- People began to cause cancer. smoking
realise that smoking kills after two impodant medical
studies in the 1950s.
2
Work in pairs. Look at the words in the
box and say what people could, couldn't or had lo do beFore these inventions.
ambulance anaesthesia eye glasses microscope thermometer wheelchair
Glsssary bacteria (nounl - very small living things. Some types of bacteria cause diseases
identify
(verb)
infection
- to
(noun)
-
recognise something and to understand what it is a disease that is caused by bacteria or by a virus
labour (noun) - the process by which a baby is pushed from its mother's body when it is being born rabies (noun) - a serious disease passed from animals to humans
- conditions and processes relating to ihe water supply and human waste
sanitation (roun)
Fsrt 3
F{ecdrng
V*embes€*ny
? Look at pictures
a-i.
\\trat
sports clo thev
Games?
Do von knou. n'hen the next Olvrnpic Clames are? Do vou knou, rvhere they Tbll a partner.
go u'ith?
*
? I)o vou u.atch the C)lunpic
Lriok at the exxlnples and cornplete the
are?
table r,r.ith the trames of sports fi'orn exercise : . i'i-
.
:-.r
{i*!:t5?:a1i
*
Quickh'read the texts about the Oll'mpics on pirge 107. \'\'hat is the best u'arto complete the titlel
1.
I
i : :it::
aerobics
rl::
*..*.,*i
i i I
...i;
b S
dreams
losers recrlrr'ls
Read the texts again. \41-rat do you thir-rk happened next? \\rrjte a sentence in each gap. Tl.ren comp'.rre vour icleas u'ith a
.tg11
W v
. .l
a \Vll1l1efS
*
Read the clues. \d/hat sport is it? This is a team sport. You play this sport
outside. There are eleven players in the team. You have to pass the ball to other
paftnef.
4 Tirrn 5
to page 130 to check\rollr ans\\rers
Do r ou hr,ru anv irrtercstirre sport
stories?
players with your foot. You have to kick
the ball into the goal to get a point. You mustn't touch the ball with your hands.
4
\trrork in pairs. Choose a sport from this page and n'rite sorne clues for it. Use the u.ords in the box to help you.
dive goal hit hole individual kick ride run throw wear
We win a game, competition, election
or prize. She rvcn ihe gclC medal. We beat someone in a game, competition or election. i4e b*at the alher rur:rterc iti the evefit. Complete the sentences rvith the correct ',1'ord.
1 2
$ns ii'-x3y; ,-,*ris / !l rri ni4 et 1lin,s. He beal I wcr his irrsl race rvhen h*'xas tr'veive years
li kus:.r
*ld.
beat , \N?ti ;lre
ISA io'
ri'r: ';r'ir.j
nreda.l.
,1
i
r_i:
i
, :h:rlr i t:-l;'
gc*ri.
5
,Yr r e,i, i;ctic.r.las irstter
i
)elt ,-;.r.
/'"vt:,
i.ir:
Hc.s
r't; cthe te.rli
i:c
risrmmffi:*s' Rarnznn continued bnt the other swim'mers had stopped. He didn't wirz the ruce becattse the fficials had belped hhn.
.
use the past perfect to talk about an event in the past that happened before
another event or before a specific tirne
in the past
i
Complete the texts u.ith the correct
tt ords.
couldn't
go
had
lost
told
1992 Olynpics, Barcelona, Spain f-er,r' r'ninutes befirre his hght, Iranian
.\
boxer Ali Kazerni juclges that
suddenlv
tl-re ---,-*, in the ring. He
he
.- his g'lovesl had
1
fallen
had
thrown
lost
956 Olyrnpics, Melbourne, Australia
Soviet ror'i'er \iachcslav Ivanov onlv had his gold nredal fbr a fclr'nrinutes before hc ----- - ,,,- it. FIe r.r-as so happv he -- --.- the rncclai into the air and it into the la1ce.
'r
\\rrite re:lsons lihy the.e thines rnight
rn-c happenecl.'I'hen share vour icleas u'ith , partner.
lhe athlete stopped
rr-rnr-ring ancl startecl
-:r ing^. ','aybe she had lost the race. Maybe she had -
,
-,11
her leg. Maybe she had won.
The football rnatch ll as cancellecl at the last minute. lhe nunrber one tcnnis pJat'er lost the 1]rst rn:rtch of the tournament. \n irnport:rnt basketbrll plaver could not plav in a qalne.
ancl ask the fbllou.-up questiorl
position in an organisation
A: Do you play a sport? B'. Yes, I do.
Which sporl?
A: Which sport?
plays a spor1.
B: Volleyball.
watches a sport on television. Which sporl? What team? is a fan of a team. has been to a football match.
When?
hates sports. used to play a team spott.
whv? When? \4,/i.,: s::_:
doesn't do any spot1.
Why nci?
*.€'*"'€ ,,-
".a-
:
4'.
'.
''. -.- -
""r#i,,-. -.=-t'4'F.t:4i+ir:::::P,.F-nii;ii1r1:-::'-:):'.r:.1:1\a'ar;'ara'a-:t)at:.1:.;:ia:\:.',:r':2r-+:. c.' .
* -='4,,
--
- ,
.:
jit t,=E!
-:"..
:.
,-:+.
*
'*,i&:
+:" a.: t" 3 =+:iiP 1k4:
i
Fclrt 4
Spe*kimg 3 Look at the picnrres. \Ahat do vor-r think
!i: :,'iti: iar :arl l!it,?:f*i'
.r
i:
i,.:1
-i
-
-i i :
i
is happeningi
:.,
*
\\rork in pairs. Choose one of the picnrres ancl prepare a short dialogue to go u'ith it.
*
it
ii
tt:
:
i
:',: ":'.
: t
+
:::
Present,vour dialogue to another pair.
Reeding cnd {-isienlng 3 {F,*'j.+t'' Read and ljsten to the dialogte
:'::..::r';
betu''een a doctor ancl his patient.
\,\hat
is
the good neu''s and the bad neu's?
*
Cover the dialogue and tr-y to remember.
\Vhat did the doctor say ...
r z :
about recl meat? about salt? about coffee?
+ s
abclut exercise? about u.ork?
S +'li,,ril
Listen to Mr Cartwright talking to his rvif-e about his doctorls appointment.
\{Ihat infbrmation is the same and u.hat is different?
D-Doctor
P=Patient
D: l'm afraid so, Mr Cartwright. l'm afraid so.
D: Ah yes. Mr Cartwright. Please sit down. How are you feeling?
P: l'm fine, thanks.
P: I see.
D: You can't eat any more red meat.
D: I have the results of your tests.
It's really not good for your heart.
P:
oh.
D: No. You also need to do exercise.
ls that all?
P: Oh good!
P:
D: Hm. P: What's the matter?
D: You also have to stop putting salt
D: Well, there's good news and bad
P: Er. No meat, no salt.
P: Every day?
D: That s right. The other thing is
D: That's right, Mr. Cartwright. Daily
news. Good news and bad news.
P: Give me the bad news flrst.
have a daily exercise plan for you
on your food.
here.
coffee. Do you drink coffee?
D: The bad news is, well, you aren't very fit. And you need to change
P: Um, yes. Four or five cups
your eating habits. P: Do you mean a diet?
D: Yes, well, only one cup of coffee
a day
actually.
means every day.
P: What's the good news, doctor? D: The good news is that you are healthy enough to go back
a day from now on. One cup of
to work. You can start again
coffee. And no sugar in the coffee, either.
tomorrow!
P:
Oh.
I
Grmmxa'sxmr 'You are heahhy.' She saidl was heahhy. 'You can ellt sltne red meat.' She said I coald
Voewhulcry t Complete the story rvith.r'a1, tell or nsk.
cnt .tome red m.eat.
o
use reported speech to say what
.
in reported speech, the verb often
another person said goes
one tense back
+ present simple present contrnuous > + present perfect + past sirnple
past past past past
simple conttnuous
perfect perfect other words such as pronouns can also change in reported speech
I
Change the sentences to direct
speech.
Then check vour ansu.ers in the
conversation on page 108.
The doctor told rne 'T /:na-'e
r : ; +
I
I
She said that I wasn't 1's;y- fit. She tolcl me that I couldn't eat any rnore red rneat. She tolcl me that I also needed to clcr some exercise.
2
Change these sentences to reported speech. Then decide u-l'ro said each one: the cloctor or the petient. 'I'r.e felt ven' ill for thc last five d'.r1'5.' The patient said he'd felt very ill for the last five days.
r 'Y
"s
Cornplete the rules with
a
u.as 1ine.
j:"n:* ". .'e=E: i:lf;i:"11',n!*1
#p, i,? E Listen and check your
she had d1e test results.
the test resuh.t.'
snicl
z,
b c
sa1,,
arrs\\'ers.
tell or ask.
ah'i'avs takes an object such as nrc, ltim, bet', the people.
never t:rkes an object.
., ,.,, can take an object, but doesn't have to.
Spemleimg
i Choose four of these questions. Then u-ork in pairs and discuss the questions. u " * * * *
-'
.
Do rrou do anv exercise? Do you pref-er to exercise alone or u'ith lriends?
Did you do a sport rvhen you u'ere younger? \Ahich one? W}rat are the best u.avs to keep fit? Do,vou have a family doctor? \\'hat's their namei Florv long have vou been patient?
\\''l'rat food do you think is the healthiest?
Do children in your country get enough exercisel
2
\'Vork with
a
nev'partner. Report two
drings vou learnt from vour first partner. IJse snid cx told plus reported speech.
a
Wwrm r*p Read the label. Find u'ords or phrases rv'ith these meanings. 1
2 3
+ 5
takes away pain for a short period of time (4 words) a wolnan who is going to have a baby (1 word) ask (1 word) don't let chilclren touch this (6 words) might make you feel tired or sleepv (3 words)
ffi
How to read a drug label
\t-
Active ingredient
r I, ,t*triT
1t
dl
lrlr,f$ti€:l
Acetaminophen 5009
J
Uses Temporarily relieves minor pains due to
.
headache
o
the common
.
backache
cold . toothache
Warnings Do not use with alcohol. lf you are pregnant, consult a doctor before use Keep out of reach of children. May
Lcnga*mg*
mbsut if$mess
cause drowsiness.
Listen to the conversation again and cornplete the phrases
Directions
with one or more words. t I fbr a sore throat.
Adults and children 12 years and older. Take two tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than
B
tablets in 24 hours.
z 3 + s 6 7 8 s
We this svrup or these tablets. better? ---**How rnanv Hou- often before mealtimes.
--?
-_'..-.,.'-**- allergic ---l to any I'm afraid a prescription for that.
---- a doctor if
You -
F
l.
$pe0Krns
Lis$ening
ffi t.:g Listen
$meaxs: fc{&
to a conversation in a pharmacy. What is
the rnanls problem? \\4rat does he buy? .
-? --.
\drork in pairs and choose one of the tasks belou,.
Look at the audioscript on page 157 and practise the conversation. Then create a sirnilar conversation u,'ith di fl'erent information.
.dL
-:,n5*
t"'r;.i:!€{
F: ,,1'::.;{ ,. ' .;:ll::!l:.;: 6:r,..:i;$l.Fiir' : t:a-:a:-'. iai.:1:i; -.. ..s-r:iii ! l: i .",:::.1;li.-l t :.tr':ti:::i:i.i: ." :'. 'ritt t
s
visit to the pharmacy. Use the neu' expressions you have learnt. Roleplay
a
A; you are visiting another country. You don't feel well. Think of your symptoms.
.,.., .: :i i:iiilg i::- ;i :.i:;l+
cough syrup
tablets
B: you work in a pharmacy. Listen to A and suggest
antibiotics
something for the problem.
Sports English by David Crystal Sports commentary is very familiar these days but it only arrived with the start of radio and television broadcasting. The term sports announcer was first used in 1923, soon followed by sporting cammentatar in the UK and sporfscasfer in the US. The modern British term, spot'ts commentator, dates from the 1930s. above-average (adjective)
Sports commentating sounds easy, but it's difficult to do well, especially on radio, where a long silence can mean disaster. Detailed knowledge of the sport, keen observational skills, the ability to think on your feet, and above-average linguistic skills are essential. To make the job easier, commentators can use 'tricks of the trade' such as formulaic expressions. ln horse racing there are cerlain things commentators always say at particular moments such as They're off!, in the lead, and into the straight they come. This means there is less for them to remember and it helps with fluency.
10
- good,
better than normal
discipline (noun\ - a subjecl or sport formulaic expression lpoun)
-
an expression that has been used
lots of times before
keen (adjective) * very strong
linguistic blend (noun)
-
a mixture of two or more words
neologism (noun) - a new word or expression, or an existing woro with a new meaning (noun) - a person whose job is to g ve a description of a sporting event on television or radio as it happens
sports commentator
Each sport has its own style, reflecting the atmosphere and momentum, from the wild excitement of football (lt's a GO-O-O-AL) to the quiet tones of snooker. There's distinctive grammar and vocabulary too. Commentaries are the perfect place to find the English present tense, both simple and continuous (he's looking for a chance... he scores ...), and incomplete sentences (Beckham to Kaka ... back to Beckham ...).
15
But if you're looking for new vocabulary, you'll find more in the keep-fit disciplines, such as yoga (with its hundreds of words taken from Sanskrit), Pilates (with its unusual pronunciation taken from the name of its founder, Joseph Pilates, 'puh-lah-teez'), and the combination of yoga and Pilates yogalates. And that's just the tip of the iceberg of new linguistic blends. lf you're into exertainment (exercise + entertainment) you'll know about the many kinds ol exergaming (exercise + gaming). The neologisms keep your tongue linguistically fit too.
'iff*c"rar
*p
E"*mga*mg* $*cxxs
Read tlre definition of -rports c0t11ntenrlil)t'. Are there anv rvell-lc-roll'n sports commelltlt()1's in t-our countn'? l\h:rt are thel'f'.rmous for?
3 Look at the erpressions questirins be1ou,,
r
*f
E
text Spot'r.r Eng/is,&. Tick (rz) the topics that nrentioned. There are t\\ro topics t'ou do not neccl.
" b c .l " f 3 a t, c a c
Reacl the
are
z
different words lbr sport sports
co111111ent:1r1'
sffle of spcakinu winners ancl losers English s-rAlnnr'.lr
*
bold in the text. Arsu'er
have good idcas ancl make decisions quickll'.
get llervous in a dilficult situation. If u.e sev solnethirtg ts the tip oJ'the icelterg, it rneans ... " there is a lot more of it that vou can't see. b there is onlv a little bit of it. . it is a verl- clangcrous thing.
Put each of the cxpressions into an exarnple of r oltt'
Tell e p:rrtner.
new vocabularv Read the text aglain ancl fincl exalnples of ...
something r,'ou neecl to be a good sports colnlnelttator. a 'ftrmrulaic expression' that hclps colnlrelttators sound rnore fluent. an exanrple of an iucciurplete sentellce usecl itr sports.
a'keep-fit'sport. a
neologisnl.
Sp*mkir"tg \{'ork in prirs and ask each other the questions. . Do you cnjol'listening to colnlnentators:
. .
tl're
If you tlsink ottyr.ttu'Jcet,vctrt... a rfe 0 r-ery quick runner.
t c
id J1tr9 f*€ I q* F:
ir-r
\\''l-iat sports clo vou like to r,vatch? Do vou do anv eterulnin.g?
[f {rfr f,{ ri ,.t rakuu ! rvr.r
Wri*ing slcills: givimg exsrmples
? Read the question from an online forum. Then read Darinat response and tick (r') the suggestions she makes.
We
take exercise at home go for a walk go on a diet have an exercise plan join a gym spend a long time exercising take up a new
hobby/sport walk or cycle to work
use/r
exatnple,for instaTtce or like to give examples.
!
Find three places in Darina's ans\\rer u'here she could us. one of these phrases. Where would you put a cornma?
2 r
Complete the sentences with the correct phrase. Tr,v not to use your car so much. You could walk or cr-cl.
to the supermarket,
z :
oo@
tennis or swimminet a sport Consider getting up an hour early to take exercise. vou could-.go jogging, or go for a swim.
Why not take up
d#%
-{#w ffi-tum.d*w
Lcnguege $oeus: giving cdviee 1 -, Look at Darina's response again and underline
Health & Fitness Expert
phrases she uses to give advice.
* r z I + s
the
Correct the sentences belov... \A4rir you don't see a doctor?
Consider to go fbr a long walk. You could starting a sport. Just try be positive. You should to watch less T\1
Frepcring fo write ? Work in pairs and choose one of the problerns belou. Think of some solutions.
2 \trrork u'ith another pair u'ho chose the same problem. Did thev think of the same solutions as you? " I feel tired ali the tine. * I'm having problems getting to sleep at night. * l,{y seven-year-old son loves fast food and unhealthy snacks. F{ow can I get him to have a more healthy dieti
e lnstead of ..., you could ... e Don't ...; ... instead! o
2
Alternatively, you could .".
e Most importantly, you should ...
Do
\\hich
yor-r
do any of the things that Darina suggestsl
do 1,6rr think is the best suggestionl
:
Grmrwmma.
Using your dictioncry: explpr;ng
? Put had to, didn't hnae to, cou,ld or couldtt'r ir-r the gaps. t I broke my leg so I stav in hospital fbr six
esl$sss8i*r"ss
u'eeks, and
z I '---^'-
I
u.alk lbr two months.
---',.-*.,,. have an X-rav
bcines.
because
I hadn't broken anr.
Cornplete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect forrn ofthe verbs in brackets.
z
(develop) modern rnedicine, Befbre the u'orld the Arabs --,, ,- (fbund) many hospitals. (eat) too (f-cet) sick because I I much chocolate.
inot a M thr*at)
{n*t Mrc a eoidi
X Look
at these entries
in
the Macm,illan Essential
Dictionary.Notice how the dictionary gives information about collocations. health (noun)
3 Cornplete the sentences to report the conr-ersation. - don't take enough t A:- You're u.orking too hard and vou
1 the condition
ofyour bodv, especiall1, whether or not
)/ou are lll Hi.r health improaed once he stolfe d uar&ing. Shes had serious health problems. Lola i.r 85 and still in ury good
exercise.
health. My father has been in poor health
The doctor told rne I B: I'l1gil'e up my job and take up jog'ging. I saicl I
Adverbs often used -uith
for
some time.
i//
critically, dangerously, desperately, gravely, seriously, severely + i11: used for saying that someone is very i1l
V*e mbw**ny Cornplete the sentences with the correct
* sore thrnat
-, Lvru ^^ r^L ! d ^51i u6tu!
-
2 r
Coli*cati*ns ai'e wcrcis which are often us*ri *nnall-rar
v,-orcl.
2
Work in pairs. Try to guess which verb is not used with each noun below. Then check in a dictionary.
beat feel have have hurts matter see sore take won t You look ill - whatt tl-re ,,,,--? : I --------- sick. : I've got a throat. + You should a doctor. an opcration. i I hrvc to -o I-af'ever. r My back -'---'. g Yotr shoLrld - rrl o aspirin. q He me at table tennis. ro N,Trnchester United . ., the football -
... exercise 1 a get u do c mtke a take ... fit z a keep I build c get a be i a call b see c order a send for ... a doctor 4 a cause u feel c make a relieve ... pain S Complete the sentences with the correct option. Then check vour answers in
rnatch.
Spem$e[ng w*'ad Wx'lfirng
I \\rrrrk in pairs. Tell each other about a race, match or sporting event you have seen. Then u'ork in a nerv pair and report u'-hat vour partner told you. ? \A,rork in groups of fbur. \Lrrite dourr a real or invented problem. Then swap your papers and u'rite advice using shottld, shouldtt't, tnust or tutstn't. \ilho gJave you the best rdvice?
a dictionarv.
r I have a strotzg,/ heaay cold today. z He was strongly / uiolcntly sick last night. r I had a heaay / splitting headache yesterday. + She is a heary / strong smoker. 4 Use your dictionary to answer the questions. r You can catch a cold.Whatelse can you catch? You can have
a
heabfu tliet.What other adjectives go
with diet? You can have a sare thrnat. What else can be.iorei You can recooer
recorLer
frorn?
t* recar*l *ollocati*ns, nci jiist y*ur vccabulary note{:oE:k.
Renrember !n
jlom an illness.What else can you rrucrcjs,
Dnr+
1
1
fi+rrrJli:ir E,rr::r.'+
,
:;::i:'t:'
i-i::+-::
-ir:r
S+:'.g'#+:r*
R g
:.:
l.
I . .
.
Kefrdlng onc Ltsrenlng ? Look at the book cover and read the
Voecbt.lSmry
3 Work in pairs. I-ooli at tl-re pictures belori and read tl-re captions. ft' 16 guess the meanings of the words in bold.
introduction to Braae lr{ew Words on page 1 I 5. \A4rat do you think the book is about?
l.i*=; =*:r*ri* i* {ttti'i!&':+i
P"
&
?.i;.: Listen to an interview \ ,'ith the
author of the book. Nurnber the topics in '*
ti
i'.al.+
*
-r
t1t
4a t r
*
:a
-
S Listen again and match the example words to the categories in exercise 2. text
messages
virus
.
::r.:: a: :..'.:4,.
...
* lt could be a kind of
a kind of car tl-rat procluces carbon -.,-, the amount ofgreenhouse gases that an
activity produces
--
Japanese love story u'hich is u-ritten fbr
_
mouse
women
tsunami
to search for something on the internet using the search engine Google '-a number game fromJapan u'hich is now popular in English newspapers ,-*.
windows
4
Can you think of any new words in your language? What are they? \A4rat do thel' mean?
3
\4/ork in pairs ancl ask
eacl-r
other the
questions.
* * * *
Do you ever google infbrmation on the ri'ebl Have vou ever googled vour o\\-n natnei Have you e\rer done a sucloku pvzzle? \44rat are sorne u'ays ofreducing vour carbon footpr:int?
_,.*:_:ir:.H: 3::trtrJral:
John tried to google information about Kenya for his next holiday.
...
* Match the words in exercise 1 to the definitions below. There are t\,vo c1efir-ritions vou clon't need.
a
brunch DVD
:.,....:'
s Maybe it means
q"1t:stls": s
freiTtaitir:*p .*+r+*
; l.ti:;,:. : y,;;? ::t
the order you hear them. rbbrevia tions borror,r irrg ra ords combining parts of words comhining words giving ne\\r lneanings to \l,'ords
t;Fi!:irj.=..r,)::
His carbon
footprint is bigger than yours. was trying to finish her sudoku.
Grornmor Kercy Maxzuell is soweone rlbo has wl'itten books about new words in Englisb.
Tlunami is a Japanese worul which has becorne frequentlj, in Englkh. Brancb is a meal tbat people can have at 11 used aery o'clock
in
the w,otning.
.
use relative clauses to give information
.
about sometling or sometrody if we are talking atrout a person, w.e use zt:ho
. I
or that
if we are talking about an object, we use uhirh or that Complete the definitions with who or
uhich.
r
An emoticon is ...
a a sylbol
is used in email
messages to show emotion.
b
z
emotion people have about computers. c a person doesn't show their emotions. An internaut is ... a strong
a 2 p€rson
works for
a
i:j:!:::,lii::!:tti
g. :ii:ti# ,'.', E :,.,
short time
in an office.
b a game
:
5.:,;iF.11::.J:,!li
Fri:,i.',in;l'i
i*j,:,_.:r,e
people play on the
internet.
c ? p€rson t
spends a lot of time
on the internet. Hinglish is ...
a a persoD
comes from the
country Hingland.
t'
a language
.
English and Hindi. clothing from - India on your head.
is a mixture of
Work in pairs and choose one of the boxes. You are going to write definitions for some new words.
you wear
2
Work in pairs. What is the correct definition of each word?
,& {o
Writing
r
M#
ffiruffiw
Purt
2
:::r.:il,:
ii:
r:r
Vocobulory I Put the words in order from srnall to
9!*rer i:...1tjjr.+
large. Use your dictionary to help you.
#*q; piqe*:* ir: * **v,"
capital city continent country ptanet state / province town village
:,+'*eld
il:r*r'rr *ef
!r:lgs.:
;*rti*H+
i
fi:*i
planet
i;::tr:: i r:.. r
4:si*:**1 q**!tB$
2
Circle the ll'ord that does not belong in
each group ofwords.
t z : + s 3
Armenia Asia Frankfurt Italy Jupiter Singapore California Canada \Vashington Tokyo Liverpool Paris
Africa Dallas Mars
Choose a word frotn exercise 1 ancl write
dou'n some examples. Then include a word that does not belong. \Arork in pairs and tell each other your \\'ords. Say the odd one out.
Reoding I Work in pairs.
Hou' many places in North Anrerica can you write dor\''n in one minute? Cornpare your list with another p:rir.
Read lr{ew places in a neu uorltl on page 117 and write the names in the correct places.
Jersey
New
Mexico
*l*
1 z 3
is r.rot part of the US. is very big and dry u'as nearly destroyed. .+ has rnany people u'ho travel else for r.vork or school. someu'here -
was a Dutch colonlr 5u'as r,isitecl byViking's. 64 Finrl u.ords in the text w-ith these meanings. r -ir place where something is born 2 to strrt l ciq or orgrnisation 3 verv special or unusual + to travel regularly to ar.rd from rvork 5 Do you knou.ar-ry other place nalnes that
begin with the u.ord,\'ctr? \A/hat are thel.?
:'.': * ;-. , ." A,lew is a very general
word. We sometimes use words with more specific meanings that sound more natural in a particular context.
equipment, compuiers ideas films, books something just
advanced, cuttingedge, ffildern innovative, fresh latest, recent brand new
bought and never usecj
in
tlte dialogues u'ith
a
more suitable word or phrase. 1 A: ls that your car? B: Yes, it's new. I bought it yesterday. 2 A: Did you speak to Jeffrey about the
New Orleans
Newfoundland New World New York
l*
Read the text again :rnd cornplete the sentences r'vith the sar.ne place nanres.
Replace the r.r'ord neu
2
New
3
3
project? B: Yes, I did. lt was very helpful. He has a lot of new ideas. A: What did you see? B: The new Tarantino film. lt was OK.
ffimwr p$mmsm
nm.ru
suorld
,:i rn$uBf
.15th
century Pietro Martyr d'Anghiera, an ltalian historian, was the first person to give the . The prefix New continent of America the name De Orbo Novo, which means the for cities and regions of Norlh America has since become very popular. Here we collect a few new places to live. ln the
is located in the American state of the same name. lt s Nicknamed the Big Apple, probably the most famous city in North America. Founded on Manhattan lsland in the 17th century by the Dutch, it was originally -called New Amsterdam.
Grommor I Look at the highlighted
is a province in Canada. The province is in the east of the country, and the newest one - it ioined in 1949. Because of its position it was one of the first parls of North America that European voyagers discovered. The Vikings arrived here in AD '1 000.
r'\rilnplcs ,tf thc irt rltc tert iurd nrrlclr thcrn to tlrc rules a-d beloui
to join Canada
\\re use t/:e when ...
. u
there is clnlv one of this person or: thing. this persorl or thing has been ref'errecl to befcrre, in tl-re text.
. it is plrt of a name. a it is in a superlative
is in the south-west of One of the largesi states in the United States of America, the country. li is a very dry state. and is covered in mountains and desert. The state was one of the original Wild West states, and the population is unique for its Spanish, American and Native American mix. is famous for its multicultural Capital of the state of Louisiana in the south, history and nightlife. lt is the birthplace of iazz. The city went through a dark period in its history in 2005 when it was almost destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.
phrese.
Locatedinthenor1h-eaSt,-isoneoftheoriginal13statesoftheUSA' Because it's so close to New York, people sometimes call it the bedroom staie as hundreds of thousands of its people commute to and from the city for work or school every day.
1r \:
-,:-/
"it
,,
'lj
\'
t:i,-':
i
!/.')
;
,.1
_. a-! !,. '-.1 " |a l.)-'!: ',j -rl 'rt
Newfoundland ttt't^ ,1
.
'-/7"'-.,-
\rts
,"
ieNew York
IJSA
&,)
.--.
*ir
NL*
$
Jersey
I jt I
1... 1
: -./
,i1
\Vork in pairs. Read
tl-re
rlLrotes about A.rncrica '.rnd them r'i.ith vour owlr ideas.
inother pair
2
/'
-.-.: -----.
incomplete
try to fir-rish Then u,ork u-ith
ancl share 1'our ideas.
\\Ihich are the best quotes? Are thev
positive, negative or neutral about A.merica?
3
'r-J
.=. MEXICO
Speoking
I
,'--'l.rffioi#".'
Re:rd the original qLrotes and llncl out u-ho saicl them on page 130.
There
i ti:ink
Am*i'icn
the nroet ur:-
is
Am*ri*an thing
is nct a black
a...
ys* can say All great ehange in America begins at
th*
...
frngland and Am*rica are
tw* *cuntries
$eparated by
4...
America anci a \', i r: America anc ia: ^: America anc -s :.America -:-a-a s
t--+i€**
f:
itii
t:
t
*
aa
!:
{..
Vmembar€sry smd E ;: :.?t i +r ;,:, r +-r
ut't+
i.,....1.:,.-,i1r
i:i;l';{+ tit i 1}:,tE }ttrittia'a..
? \dhat
Specking
different fonns cif transport can
Pnonuncisfion I # i1,f4 Listen and repeat the consonant
vou see in the pictures?
clusters and u-ords.
? r 2 : +
/pl/, plane /trl, tracks
\\/hich of these fbnns of transport ... have wheels?
go on tracks? have wings? have an engine?
{$ Tick (r') the correct collocations to complete the chart.
/st,/, stop /str/, street
2 % ?.i5 Listen and repeat the sentences. r The driver tried to drive the train off the trr r:ks.
z
There are still school students at the
br-rs
stop.
: +
The station is straig'ht dou'n this street. Piease don't play with the plastic planes.
Reoding I You are going to read an article about an old car called the Ttabant. !\'rhich of these words do yoll expect to see?
cheap communist fans Germany jokes nostalgic pollution smoke speed
&
\Arork in pairs and ask each other the questions.
o * *
Which of the fbmrs of transport harre you used? \\hich do you prefer? Are there any forms clf transport that you never trse?
2%
?"i* Read
ancl listen
fly
to Otd but loaed. your
the T)'abant on pa€ie 119 and check
answers. Read the text again arrcl 1
find ...
three reasons why the tabant isn't
a
ven
good car. three reasons that shou'the'lrabant is still popular.
4 \\rork in pairs 6
,
and discuss the questions.
Have you ever seen a Tiabant? Are there any objects that make yc'ru nostalgic fbr the past? \4hich ones?
?
3#a -=.;*lE:=I ,:i
q#r#ffis?3ffir
3
l,ook through dle tcxt
ar.rd
trv to firtd
exarnples of the verb forms below.
* regular and irreqular past tense verlls u :r continuous tense * the present perf-ect * going /o future u a llrst c<,inclitional + past simple passive 3 Cornpletc the tert belou. rvith tl-re eun'e('t lot'nt oi tltc' r crhs.
The Model T Gios*ary
The American Ford automobile company (exlst) since 1903, and is one of the biggest car manufacturers in the world.
--
(be) the Model One of its first cars *" (build) by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 1o 1927. The president of (want) a the company, Henry car that was practical and not expensive for the (cost) American worker. The Model T around $300 igo) up io 70km an hour. lt was one of the first cars to be produced on an assembly line. By 1930 Ford -,-.*,*-----(produce) more than 10 million Model T cars, making it the most popular car in the world.
T. lt
exhaust (noun) - gases or steam that are produced by an engine as it works
*--*
model (noun) - a type of vehicle that a company makes
nostalgic \adjective)
Ford,
-
renemberi rq
happy times in the past
.
and
As newer cars came out in the 20s and 30s. people,.-- - -".-". (sfarf) making jokes about the (be) still fan Model T. But today there . clubs of the Model T, and people still --.*-*.---..---ldrive) them at old car shows.
-.
S Complete the questions u'ith the correct forrl of dre verbs. r \\'hen - (/o) vou get vour dril-ing licence? (/o) z ....-.-,,.-,vou have a car? \Vhat kind? (De) your first car? r \\l-rat + \\4rat is the fastest "voll .,----.... ,...,..,,- (exer tmael) ln a car? s \A/hat is tlre fr-rrthest you ,.-'_ , ,-- (eaer tra;"eD in a car? 6 .--..-,__-. (harc) yort e\rer ,-------.. ,, (.haae) an accident? (con hae ei) an]'kind of c:rr, what ^^-- ,*z If vou
()'att
choose)?
8 ,,.,,.-----. (be) the traffic bad wl-rere you iive? e ,,,.---- (be) lt difficult to {ind parking where vou lir-ei (&e) the best clriver in your farnilyi ro \tr'ho --l.g-_-j,.,.$
e
tit',ttt,-,t,,,t'ii '!=;:lia'. " .' .,:;:-::.:::" l!'' ::'
-:l
r:-
:a-,
:"
:.'.'
'
**
&p##K8ffiffi Choose six of the questions front exercise 3 abor-e. arrd lsl cach otlrcr the qtrestions.
\\brk in pairs
{:C€{€ D-.+
:
i3
'l
a::
{l{,x::i11{ r3r}l+
l* 5:*ir.+:
L!Srenrftg
? Look at the pictures of tu,o classic board *er'i:..
r*iii1i:r
?::
i:: r .:
:: i::.r
#us-q*g ::r
games. Do you know- these garnes? Have vou ever playecl them? Tell a partner.
2 # t.li
Listen to a talk about the invention of these games. Hov' many things do they have in commonl
r,.r,.r:i:-'ii:',r;
**r*!+::q+ +it'+3+ + it-.?
+:zcitri:;:;
.--:li.:;
i.r ,
:: iri
& Ezr:*,.:* ***r-
3
Listen again. \Vhat do these words and
numbers mean?
GreatDepression architect by
hand
+effi1i=-i' ia;+.j:
+
two or
more
million 80+
200
::
750 million +
25+
.il',+.'
. :.':
a
&rmm'em'asr
Flf.,ii€.,i+:;;j,l;..,.,, *l*}li:r,i:'. :':' -: : . . ff-il:ii.itii,:ii.:i :ria:i:!j:*:i:r.ii
::i,': .i !:i::-:1:1 :: : :
Make is a very general word. We sometimes use words with more specific meanings that sound more natural in a particular context.
ih;ngs macie
factnrreg bulldings
in
Both garnes are succes{ul today. It{either game was succes{ul at first. Both of tbem at e succes{ul wot'lfuride.
out;C. mantfaciltre.
.
Drodur:e
build
problerns, changes, cause" prcduce,
effects
-gerisraf€
new thinus
d*sEn, develop,
.
invent, create Replace the rvord rnake in the sentences with a ffrore suitable u-ord. More than one ansrvver rnay be possible.
1
The irafflc in the afternaon makes lots cf proi:lems"
!
They ale rnaking a nerr bank in ihe centre of town" These cllrs are maCe in a Kcrean fact*ry. Aifreci Butts rnade the game cf Scrabbie. We ve n:ade t ne\rv aotcpuler croEritm
3 zl 5
.
to talk about two things. Both with a plural noun and a plural
use both
is used
verb use neitber to say something negatil'e
about two things. Neither is used with singrrlar noun and verb use both of
/
neither of
a
trith a piural
noun or pfonoun
!
Wrork in pairs. X{:rke sentences about Scrabble and l'Ionopolv usinli these prompts plus both or neither'.
I z I ;1
s *
galnes are American inventors didn't have a job games are plaved on a board q'ames \\,.ere not acceptecl by toy
companies at lirst games are published in over
2
5 languag'es
\Vork in pairs. FIow manv sentences can vou nake u'ith these ideas in three minutesi Eoth of us ... irieither 0f us
*
r s=r::trgz+s
i;:..:::-':)a
.
".
t
t. i.tr
! t+t:
l_ji.ria:
z:
**
i:..
a-i i t
; i t t-.: i ;,:
:.. .:,.,-
,:r ati::11'::::: r.t\. i--li::rjrt :
:::
a
..r..,1
a:
Vocubule
I
ry
Fromume iotiom
Complete dre texts rvith the words jn the
box.
!
Put the u.ords in the correct order to
rnake useful game phrases.
board dice miss a turn money points square
r 2 :
turn
the
ro11 dice
turn
it'.s
your
a card pick
'+ turn rniss a
Scrabble Scrabble is played with letters. Different letters are worth different Each player has seven letters per You put the letters on the make words.
and
The object is to get as many points as possible. lf you can't make a word with your letters, you
Monopoly ln Monopoly, players roll a and move their counter around the board. Each on the board represents a property. lf you land on someone else's property, you have to pay them. The object is to collect propedy and make
-
-
2
Look at the picnrres of other ciassic board games. Match each sentence to one of the games.
r z l +
s
the end of the board {irst. You move around the board and answer questions. There are sixty-four black ancl white squares on the board. The objective is to win different coloured pieces when you answer correctly. There are snakes and ladders on the board. You go down snakes and up Ti-re object is to reach
ladders.
The object is to capture your opponent's
kirg. 3 Work in pairs and discuss these questions. a
Have you ever played any of these games? Do you like theml \Vhat other board games do you know?
s again go o highest goes rolls first u.hoever 7 your is which piece s cheating ncl * # l"l"i* Listen and check your ans\\.ers. Then listen and repeat the phrases. Try to copy the intorration. F
l.
)peoKrng \drork in groups cif three or four. You are going to play a board game. Turn to page 131 ancl read the rules. Then play the game
Wmrrm
?
\\rork in peirs ancl choose tu'o of tl.re situations Lrelor,r'. Ilave a one-rninute coilrersation fbr each sitruttion.
You are strangers. lt's very hot outside. A: start talking
to B about ihe weather.
2 3 4
Pnt thc r.r.orcls in thc coi-lcct orclcr to rrrrtke usclul
phrases.
Situations
1
# s*rFv*r*mt's**
L*ergax*ge $*e*xs: *fr#;{?#
a.lp
t 2 *
e'oinq'be I'd r1o\ri
better : of{to rush sorrr' h'lve + I be q'oir-rs- shrulcl
reallr'J qo to
,"...r:: ':'
l, : Listen lnci checL
\rlur
iuls\vcrs.
-ll'rcn
listcn
ru'rrl
repeat the phr:ases.
You are friends. A; you are learning to drive. Tell B about it.
*
You work together. A: you are going somewhere special
on holiday. Tell B about it.
v.orcls clo t-ou l'rerrr? C)onrplete thc u'oru1s r'r-itl'r thc corrcct lctter:s.
A: you are the boss. The company is closing. Tell B the
I
bad news.
)1-1
'1-,.., .r
,' . Listen tri the encl of-fir'c conversrti()]rs. \\thich
:+
11__-__)-
\\'
I
5ert
:o **
LEsferx&erg
tup##K$81#
3 j+
\\'irrk in pairs
:1"iit*:i"],ii Listen to t\\'o con\ersrtic)ns. .\Tatch elch
olre to a situation abor-e.
?
A
1:
Hoil- does cach nran f'ecl? do ,vou think thei. feel tliis u.avl
&
\\'hv
C.onlcrsatit.rn 2: Does the n,ornan l-rave qoocl nrernclries the past? \\''hr'?
Repe at the rirrrnr up
one of the t:rsks bciou.
activitr using the
r1eu,
e
rpLess;,,u'
r,orr h:n'c lcltrut.
Listen rgain and ans\\rer the qucstions.
Conversrtion
rrrrcl choose
Clreare
in the o1:
pra
br.,x"
r con.,'ersrrtiou
nsinq' only the *'ords rnd phrrrse t
\-ou can usc cach phr:ase lnore thiln oncc.'I'ircn
ctisc thc conr-crsati
Anyway. Bye. Goodbye. OK. See you. \Alell. Well, l'd better ...
OK,
then.
Right
Yes, of course.
Warrm up tr \Arrrte clor'vn three words
2
tft
L0nguqge focus: you Knaw you have learnt recentll'.
'.rnd qive definitions fcrr t-our u.orcls. to g;uess u.hat yolrr partner's u'ords are.
\\rork in pairs
Tiy
X Bea talks about the expression),0u knlit. Rea
Language note: We can use you know ...
a
Listemimg
It's a difficult test, you know.
I
'#s:1.',1i':i,iil'l Listen to seven people talkine about their favourite u,ords and expressions in English. Nurnber them in the orcler 1'ou he:rr them. Oh my godl
a\\-eso1le anci legenclary
gorgeous
_
-
love
perhaps
-- -
-
: + s o ;
lrcars it irt strllgi / ttto:'it.t. Dieg'cr, from ltalt', thinks there nre / nren'f a lot of ven' interesting u'orcls in English. Kristina, from Russia, l-rearul people use her frrvourite u.ord u'hen ther,' talked abolt clothes / the uettther.
Elodie. lrorn Su'itzerl:rnc'1, likes her favourite rvord because o{ the spelling / prontmciatiort. Senrih, lrom Tirrker,-, says his favourite u'orcls make hirn feel hnppt, /.fitnn1,. Bea, frorn England, thinks hcr favourite u.ords are usefu1 becatrse thel, gii;e her time to tltink / thel rnaan ktts tf' diJferenr things. Gut-, frorn Engiand, likes his u.ord because of the sound, the structllre ancl because it doevt't erisf in ntry lthel' lnngturge
/ it
exists
in lots
c,J'other languages.
while we think about what to say next. This is a brand new phone. lt's a, you know, phone with
video and music and everything.
c
when we are giving extra information about something. Have you seen my English book? You know, the black
-
- again ancl choose the correct ens\\-ers. 2 Listen I Artl-rur, ficlrn France, likes the expression because he z
u
you lcrriu.
harmon\'
for emphasis.
one.
d
before we start to talk about a person or thing. You know the Japanese restaurant near the school,
well, it's closing.
2 Aclcl-yozr kttoi.;: to the sentences be1ou,. r This is an old card g;anre. (add ernphasis) z I dcin't feei r.r'e11. (acld n hendache, sore throfi) : lle uon:rn Olyirpic rneclal. (add emphasis) + I had never heard that befbre. (begin with Ytn knozt) s It r,r.as a big^ chanse in her life. (add.r*e tis netet'the srnte agaitl
Spemkimg
tr
\A.rrite doum tu.o or three of 1'our favourite u'ords or
expressior.rs
in English.
? \Vork in sm'.rll groups. Te1l each other about vour favourite English u.ords or expressions and u'lry vou like thern.
" My favourite expression is ... a I like it because ...
s I don't know why. 6 I agree. lt's a good word. o I don't know. I don't like it very much.
Recdlmg
Writing skills: giving reasons
!
r\'{ake .r'our vn'r:itir.rg rnore interesting b1- g'ir-ing reasotts usins'
Nlagd:rlena's nerv Enc'lish teacher hrrs asked her to r'r'rite a report on her pr-evious lang;uaee course. Read her report. Did she enjov the cciurse? Whv?
beuttLse ctr
ts.
I enrolled on a language course as / because I wanted to
improve my English.
I Put these reasons repoft. r
ir.r
the correct places in r\{aedalenat
... because I u-anterl to practise speaking outsicle the cl ass.
2 :
... ils this u.as a glood wav to practise on m\/ o\rn. ... because the classes rvere alrvavs r.ariecl ancl never boring.
.+ ... as I rm quite shl-.
s ... as I still malie :r iot of rnistalies. 2 Complete the scntences u.ith a reasorl. t I u.ant to improve rnv English as z Sometirnes studyir.rg Englisl-r is difficult --.
because
Prepaning to write \\brk in pairs and rnake
notes about vour present Enghsh
colrrse. Use the useftil phr:rses belor,r' to help vou. Follou,
this firrrnat:
2
Paragraph 1: information about the course (level, length,
F-ill rn X'Iagdalena's end-of-course report.
- month course at level. She has worked hard, both in class and after - good progress, especially class in the She has made in her However, she could still improve this, and also -. on her needs --. to work and Magdalena has completed a
number of students) Paragraph 2: what you did during the course Paragraph 3: feelings about the course, progress and areas to improve
:
/ an-. $or new
E"aarguage $oaus: -
s
in$ormsfissr \\re use t or nn u'hen
write about
rve
a singular nor-rn
o
r
lbr the
lirst time. Ilagdalena wrote:
e I need to improve my reading / writing / study skills. e I need to extend my vocabulary / work on my pron unciation. o I made progress in my listening / writing / grammar.
Last summer I studied English for one month in language
school in Oxford. She sl.rould rvrite:
r I should try to speak more /
Last summer I studied English for one month in a language
school in Oxford. Fincl thr:ee rnore places li'here trIagdalena forgot to use /r or dr. rurd correct them.
=:.::t,":ir:
be more accurate.
Wrlting \Vrite a report like '\{agdalen'.r's fbr your next English
teacl-rer. Use vour notes to help vou. Check,vour report
a
: ,
We did a lot of / some listening / speaking activities. of / some grammar exercises / games / communicative activities. I really enjoyed speaking but I wasn't so keen on grammar.
r We did a lot
/ nn 'ancl correct past tense forms.
for
Gronnmqn 'I'lre u.riter of this text has f
Evelusfinrg your pronun€is*ion I \,Vork in pairs and cliscuss the questions. Hov'u'ould you describe your pronunciation
I
of English? , I speak like a native speaker. u My pronunciation is generally clear ancl
China is largest country in East Asia. Population of China is over 1.3 billion, and capital city is Beijing. One of most famous buildings in Beijing is Forbidden Clfy. This is where last Emperor of China lived,
comprehensible
and today it is visited by millions of tourists every year.
" a
Sport is very popular in China, and 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing. Every morning many people practise qigong andtai chi chuan in city's parks. Go is another famous game that was invented in China. lt is played with counters on a board, and objective is to control
understand.
a b c ,l
Complete the puzzle by rerding the clues. '1
2
+
3
5 6 7
8
+
6 7 8
\
a
sentence stress
rhythm
intonation word stress . the relationship betu'een sounds and spellings \d&ich area is the strongest for you? \4hich area do you need to u'ork on most?
pronounce?
ner'i'u'ashir-rg rnachine.
lart lt,r'rrt oiprrlrlic trinsport in r cin.
Too rnuch tr:rffic c:ru pollution. \\re should try to recluce our carbon You put ]rour counters on this to plav Scrabble. Yrru have to on :r lrus befbre you travel. \\'then everyone elsc has played, it is your a rnotorbikc. Hou. clo vou-get to rvork? I
Speoking ond WrifingI \,\trk in srnall g-roups. Describe
'.r
long journev 1'ou
and list u'h'.,rt \,'clu h:rcl to do. \A1l'ro usecl the r.nost tbrnrs of tr'rnsport?
3 \lhich of these strategies for improving pronunciation have you tried?
*
Practise readinE a shod text alouel. Reecrd it and listen to it, or ask a friend to listen and c0mrnent.
*'
Repeat the lines frorn a DVD cr a song.
* *
Use a pronuneiation boak and CD.
l.rave rnade
2
f g h
vov/€l sounds consonant sounds consonant clLlsters
s 2 \Vor:k in pairs. Ansu''er the questions. r \\&ich is your favourite English sound? z \4hich is vour least favourite? : l\ftich sound do vou find most ditficult to
4
2
be?
\dhich of tl.rese areas of pronunciation have 11611 studred in this class?
Vocobulory
I've just boug'ht
is
mostly cornprehensible. I have a strong accent and am sometimes hard to
Hou'would you like vour pronlrnciation to
largest part of board.
I
I have a noticeable accent but my pronunciation
\\rork irr pairs and find thrce nerv rvorcls you have learnt
lVlacmillan Hnglish Dictionary.
*
Chcose an area of pronunciation or a sound you want to improve. Focus on it for a few minutes every day when you are speaking.
*
Other ideas.
in this book. Tl.ren complete the clefinitions.
This is a person rvho 1 2 is a place u.here f'his is a tl.rins r,r.hich l 3 -\\rork u.ith another pair and read-.vour definitions. fll'tn -1'his quess the rvorcls. -.
Practise repeatinE the pronunciation of new words with an electnonic dictionary such as the
4 Cornpare )rour ideas with a partner ancl decide ho., you can irnprove your pronunciation. \lhat u ill lou tn l
*i,:*:i i*vr:',
*
Ep-lJtu+Eqr." "5d.
:.*"q,Jb:3; jt'.jt
dFs
ATLLF:3L
Unit ?, Speoking {pcge tr
a* ** -%d1r-e="-::*" =i: 4*Ef-E:-X",
1X}
do
Complete the questions r'vith the correct u''ord or nre.
2
Ask your partner the questions.
3
Arsu'er your partner's questions.
Ldl-3;"#
*6* lfEfr-1tr iFi;:*"
Unit 2, Reading {pcge } 8} I Read the text about vegemite. Are there anv interesting or surprising
f-acts
in
tl-re text?
\Vrite drem clown.
2 Read the text again. \\rrite dou'rr a few key words to help vou tell your partner about the text. 3
Tell ) orrr pdrtner ahoul r egcmite.
Family questions * you have a big family? , Hou'many brothers and sisters you have? cyou have family in other countries? 6 you in touch widr them? r FIow you in touch with your often or grandchildren? grandparents & you -have family reunions? How often? -
Vegemite Vegemite is a dark brown food paste from Australia. You can put it on sandwiches, toast or crackers. lt tastes salty and bitter and is not very popular in the world except in Australia and New Zealand. Vegemite has strong cultural
associations in those countries, and many say it is a comfort food. Vegemite has very high levels of vitamin B, and during the 1940s the Australian army bought large amounts of it for the soldiers. According to the Prime Minister of Australia's website, Vegemite is 'the taste of Australia' and some Australians even take a jar with them when they travel to other countries.
iar of vegemite
Glossany bitier (adjective\
-
has a strong sharp taste that is not sweet
jar (noun) - a glass container for food, with a lid and a wide opening
paste (noun) vegetables
:-r :
:
:ir'l:,ji.:ia!t *i*ij*n'l
:1
-
a food that is made by crushrng meat, fish or
Umif &, Grsrnmsr {page 69}
I Write the questions lbr numbers 1-5 of the quiz. Use the comparative form of the adjective. Which is faster, the speed of light or the speed of sound?
2
Work witl-r a student from group
B. Ask
your questions.
3
Listen to questions 6 10 and try to ansu'er them. Write the correct answers in the table.
t"lnit 9. Vceqbulsry {pcge X 0?}
Unit n 0, Wriring {page I 15}
I
I Read the definitions of the new words. Copy them doln and then write two incorrect definitions for each word.
Watch your partner and guess what's wrong.
2 Mirne the symptoms below. Your partner must guess what's wrong. t z 3 +
You have a headache. Your wrist hurts. ,/ You have a sore wrist.
You're sneezing. Your back hurts. /You've got a sore back.
2
a pair who chose different words. Read out words and definidons. your
Work with
3
Listen to the other pair's words and definitions and tnto grress which is correct.
A Sp
blogis a dj4ry,or-,jou4ql whlch is on the internec angli; b' ig'.a1anguager,w.hicfi .,is.,a: mirture of Spanish and
English. #*rn**nication activities: Student
A
..,
Z !
:t
a
...L+
*'+ r:'"8 f*e-i.-! 7'e. .. .- ':!' ;. + +*'q!..jr'= V f, a4='1i.'i; ii::+ i lfe!:ltZ Z. t4t,!. i]. ;i ;i il ..' ... '
L3rai*
?, Sp*a$e&mg {pege
3 Complete the questiclns do
Us'lit
T3}
r.vith the correct r,vord
lrt.
*
Arsr.i'er your partner's iprestions.
$
\sk r oul pilrtncr tlre qrrestiorrs.
-
Friends questions * F1or.l. often you talk to vour neighboursi * you in touch u'ith anybody you \r''ent to primary school - u,ith? * -yolr €io out u'ith your coileagues from work or
2, fteoding {page l8l
1 Read the text about popular comfort food for men and \vornen. Are there anv interesting or surprising facts in the text?
*
\Vrite them
clou.n.
Reacl the text again. \,\rrite dorvn a feu. kev u'ords to he lp
vou tell your partner about the text.
3
Tell your partner about cotnfort food in North America.
school?
6*
you keep in touch u'ith friends bv email, phone, or face to face? Hou- ofteni vou have any online friends or acquaintances? -
-_-
Comfort food for men and women An article published in the American journal, Physiology and Behavior, shows differences between men and women and their choice of comfort food. A survey of over 1,000 North Americans found that women often prefer snack-related comfort food while
men prefer more meal-related comfort food. ln padicular, more women said they liked food like sweets and chocolate while men liked things such as pizza, pasta, steak or casseroles. Women often felt guilty and less healthy than men about their comfort food choices. The researchers think that the differences between men and women may be because men like hot, prepared meals (that someone else made)while women look for easy comfort food that needs less preparation.
Glossary casserole (noun) - a deep dish with a lid, used for cooking in the oven, or the mixture of food ihat is cooked
guilly (adjective)
-
ashamed and sorry because you have done
something wrong preter (verb) else
::;:1t:
!:i;.li'::
ti
- to
like or want something more than something
Ura$r
&, #r*aarc?emn {pcg* &S}
E \\'rite the questions for numbers 6-10 of the quiz. Use the comparative fonn of the adjective. Which is further from the sun, Jupiter or Saturn?
?
Work with a student frorn group A. Listen to questions 1--5 t1-re correct ans\r-ers in the table.
and try to answer them. \4rrite
G
Ask your questions.
Column B
speed of light
theor'y that the Earth is round
theory of gravity
coal nitrogen Saturn ; 100'F is only 37'C
J00.oc
one.yard one gigabyte
-40"c
Unif S, Vmcshuficry {pe*ge 1S?} ! Mime the slrmptoms below. Your partner mlrst guess u,hat's u'rong.
r z :
You have a toothache. You have a sore leg. / Your leg hurts.
You're coughing.
-1 You've got
?
a fever.
\Vatch your partner and guess what's v'rong.
[JnFf
T*, Wni*irEg ipes* ] 35]
? Read the definidons of the new words. Copv therr.r dori''r and then write fi,vo incorrect definitions for each u'ord. ft
Wbrk with a pair who chose different words. Listen tir their words and definitions and try to guess u'hich is corrc.:
#
Read out your v'ords and definitions.
A metrosexaal is a young man who enjoys good clothe
s.
an attractive home and a good personal appearance. Spam are emails that are sent to many people and are n,:: wanted.
E.
"a*ff ''J* # a g.*. =+#?
Umit
?,
Fs*ma$imrn
+
BARNABY,S CAFE
gfiobm|$y {pwge ?&}
,,,.;?o;f.;;J,,.#i:,, or Green salad
?IZZAPATACE
Vegetarian
Pkza (choose Your Mushroorns Salami
Harn
Dessert Ice crearn Fresh fruit
Cheese
Tornato Onion PepPer Greenor Red
lasagne
or tradiilonal steak and potato pie
""
'
Ddnks Cola Water
FruitJuice
Umi* 3 S, Spea$
I
Read the fuIl quotes below. Do you think they are
positive, negative or neutral about America?
? Do you know- any famous quotes about Vour country? Tell your partner. [.lnit 9, Recding {pcge I06i
66 nlt great change pp
in America begins at the dinner
table.
Ronold Rengan, Jbnner' IJS Presidertt
Shorf cuf He had travelled by car for 11 miles of the marathon!
66
A helping hond Olympic officials had helped him cross the line.
The extro disfonce Ramzan thought that he hadn't finished the race.
A new Olympic record He had never swum in a pool of that size before.
t ttrint<
the most un-American thing you can say is
'You can't say that'.
$p G,r t't'isort Kt
iI
lor
A nt e ri;n
tt ;t' t'itt ;'
66 EnglanO and America are two countries separated by a common language. $$ George Bentat d Shaw, Irish zuritti'
66
America is a mistake, a giant mistake. $$ S i gtnun
d Freud,
Autti
a
n p s1 c h
ct
kt gi,x
66 fnere is not a black America and a white America and Latino America and Asian America - there's the United States of America. $$ B stt
c
k
O
lt
rnn a, (J S Pt'e s itle n :
ffirxis T&, Spewkir:g {pmge XXX} Rules
r z :
Play this game in groups of three or four. You need one coin and one board to play. Each person needs a counter. Put the counters on the squcre rrrarked Start. Decide who is going first.
tosses a coin. If the coin lands heads up, lnove your counter for-ward two squares. If the coin lands tails up, move your counter forward one sqlrare. If 1'ou land on a grey sqlrare, follou'the instructions. Ifyou land on a red square, speak in English for one minute about the topic on the square. The winner is the person who gets to the end of the board first.
The first player
,.rrir ii:*:: *
1 ar"l:t
iur-i
ai
I
:i.iIi
':i:it.:
41' '::.a:.
j aL::g,t::+,:1r::r::rl:i:i':::::.
{"in$f I Wond srder in question $onms Yes In ys
lffft- questions
,/ Ns questions /
Question wortls
verb goes before the subject:
tto questions the
They at e .fi ont
Spnin.
Are
the1,
f'otn
Spaitt?
In present sirnple or past simple questions, the auxiliary r'erh did goes before the subject. Does She speaks English. ** She leantt
French.
Did
--
do
/
(.1,1/hnt? Where?
Wta? Wen? Why? Hou?) go at
the start of a question. lf/here t:kt yott lire? l[/hen, u^ere -you bont? V[/hat is yoru'fa "''ottrite sport?
she spenk English?
she leat'n French?
tff&sf snd Fdsw que$ti0ng Use hou and questions.
uhlt with nouns
V[/hat pets
ltott hate?
do
:rnd adjectives or aclverbs to start
V[/bat knd of dog is ir? o.ften do you, Jbed it?
How
How expensixe was it?
Use like in questions to ask about appearance or personaliB,'and characteristics. Whnt tloes she look like? - She's ta// and ue ttrs glrtsses. Wat's thlt neu restaut ant like? - Noiry btt the food is good.
Fneseml sirnp*e, $nequeney Affirmative
Negative
[/You/\VelThe1' work.
He/She/It works.
Question
Short answers
I/You,/\VelThey don't
Do I/you/u.e,/they
Yes, I /1'e11 /la.e / ther. do.
work.
work?
HelShe/It doesn't
Does helshe/it worki
Yes,
Short answers No
Ites
he/she/it does.
No, I/r,'eul\a'elthey don't. No, helshe,/it doesn't
work. Use the present sin.rple to talk about: * things that are always ffue. c habits and routines. He gets ap at seaen o'clock. The sun rises in the east. Water boils at 100"C. They d,on't go to bed late.
We use frequency adverbs and expressions of frequencl' r.vith the
Expressions of frequenc,v (eaer1 day, twice a week, on l,Ionday, etc.) usually go at Lhe end of the sentence. Thev go at the beginning of the sentence u'hen u.e want to ernphasise r'r'hen or hou- often. We go shoppittg on Sana,days. On Sntrtrdays. a'e go sltoppittg.
present sirnple. Frequency adverbs (ah:dys, nvm@, often, sometinrcs, hardly eae4 nete) go between the sub.ject and the verb, except rvith the verb to lte. We alzt:ays ho"-e lunch
He is alzuays late for
Fnesenf eCInt;
at I pm.
class.
*?
{"rs[J g
.
the present continuous to talk about: things happening no\r'- or about nou'.
.
tenporarysituatior-rs.
LTse
I am ('m) working. I am ('m) not working. Am I working? You/\ArelThe\r are not (aren't) working.
Are you/u.e/
('re) working.
He/She/It is ('s)
HelShe/It is not
u'orking.
(isn't) working.
Is he,/she/it working?
You/\\'relThev are
they
workingl
We are
uatchingTV I'm learning English.
He is liuirtg in London at the ml'm.ettt. The present continuous is often used lr.ith time expressions such as nou, ther-e tlr4,5, nt the m.oment tnd this ueek / rnonth / lertr'. Sorne verbs (stative verbs) aren't used in the present continuous: ogree, appear belieu,.foreet, hate, hea.r; knau, like, /oite, meatt., need,
oun, prefe4 realise, r'enrcm.her;
see, seent,
ir/utt
1
t
fi
i iu"-"& i tu*fn!nE $
'{-=-
E--; ", i;;b#.F#Eg*H
Wond orden in question forrns I Decicle if these questions are in the correct (y') or incorrect (X) order. Then correct the mistakes.
1
t z : + s 6
They are fromJapan?
I
\4there do your ptrrents livei Did learn you a language at school? \\,'ho is your favourite actor? Do like you chocolate? Hou. nrany students there are in the class?
2
Use the words to u.rite the questions. uhere bont? Where uere you born?
fanily from? spea k an1' langn"t"t; job?
4
live?
5
9
married? children? play any sports? lavourite v-riters? like nrusic)
4
Horv
6 7 8
What qnci How questions \Arrite the questions.
nearly two rnetres tall.
Hou ta// is he?
He'.s
I
\\4rat
-Nllv car's
2 3
,--
?
The school is ten kilometres frorn her.
5
\Vhat
I have a \,'isa and an American Erprrcs..
How-?
red. I'm thirty'.
6
It
\Vhat
Mr- teacher's tall u.ith short, dark hair.
How--'-? -,.
7
\Vhat
doesn't rain here very often.
She's nice, really friendlv.
-?
Present-?simple, $requency -? in the correct order to make sentences. Put the words his parents / on Surrdays / my boyfriend / visits boyJi'ind "-isirs his porents on Sunthys. check / ever v* cla1' / their email / they TY / in the daytime / r'atch / hardl,v ever / rr'e Eioes / once a week / she / to the cinema
+
IIy
r z 3
5
6 7
meet / irt weekends / sometimes ,/ I / colleagues from ri.ork a1l evening / spends / he / on the internet / often usually / m1' r'vife / before me / gets up fbl a meal / go out / we / every Sanrrday night
Fresent aomf;nu0us Complete the dialogue u.ith the correct form of the present sirnple or present continuous, (you / t:ork) A' \dhere (1) * -,B, In a hotel in Italrr My boyfriend (2)
---
at the moment too.
(l) R:
---
at the n'rornent? (ltue) rnltaly -
Qou
/
like)
Itb great. I (1)
it there?
-
@refef) the lifestvle
in Italy. In
Lorrdotrer'er1'body(5)-(uork)1onghours.Peop1e (not enjoy)
(6) (7) R
$tou
Not very lveli,
br.rt
I
-
(9) (10)
--
-
I
/
life
as
much.
spcak) Italian? (talee) classes non- and
(8)
(/etnt) the language quite quickl,v. \Ve (not plan) to go back to England for a u'hile.
-
.:"..
* -' a.'
:
€**AP
ff a.P- ai Fat-:
eaq.pn?mh8e
f
a-en*mwrermh*m rs*{.}!trs,
t,a' nt 4)a aa,! :+ :
s#r}?sr ss?y
Cor:n?shfle smd ume*arm?*ble noums Countable nouns can be singrrlar or p1ura1. Most p1ura1 forms end in s. Put it
yur plate.
ott
sm*me
Where are the plates?
cnd *r:y
Use some :rnd any u'ith plural nouns or n-ith uncountable nouns. Wte usuallv :use slme in affirrnative sentences tnd an1, in negative sentences and questions. Do yu hare any plntes?
Sorne plural countable nouns are irregrrlar:
'#l;,'!"{;:;,, mnn
These are solne common uncountable no:ufls'. arclmmodation. adaice, bread, fut'nitul e, i.njbrmltion,'news, trffic, weather
- men
We need to btry some
Llncountable nouns don't have a plural form. Do you take milk and sugar in tea?
milk.
IJse a / an with singular nouns. I don't haae a plote.Yrnt need an eggfor thdt
recipe.
Language note: Some words can be countable or uncountable. coffee. (= the drink)
I like
Can I have a coffee? (= a cup of coffee)
s
fmf
sf, m $;fff€, m fewu fm*fJ enoug$:,
rme.ue&, ffi?#rTy
LIse quantifiers before a noun to show the quantity or amount
of
something.
.
. .
a litt/e and much are used with uncountable nouns: a little coffee, too macb sugar 6 feu and m,any are used with plural countable nouns: a
few
apples, too
mony bananas
Language nole: much / many are usually used in negative sentences and questions or with foo. A lot of
/
lots of is usually used instead of much / many in
affirmative sentences. There's a lot
of
salt in this dish.
We use a /of to answer the question How much / many ...?
lot oJ'and (not) en,ough are used with uncountable nouns and plural nouns: lz lot of pasta, not emough .segetables
a
.
d.
.l
lhe rntrnrtrve wlfh fs
-t
Use the infinitive with ro after some verbs: agree, at't'ange, decide, forget, hope, lenrn, m,anage, ntean, need, offea prefea prom,ise, refuse, remem.be4 trl, uant, wotild like Yozt need
to eat slouly. Remember to udd
sugur,.
Language noter we don't use 1o after modal verbs such as can
/ can't and musf.
(See Grammar focus 5 page 140 for more on
modals.) I can
drink one g/ass of wine, but no more.
Use the infinitive with to after adjectives. It's
healthy to eat salad. lt's good to try different foods.
$mfimitive m$ paxnp*sc We use the infinitive with ro when we talk about the purpose of something or why we do something. I eat lots of aegetabhs t0 get i?71p07'tant aitsmins. (= because I want to get) You use a corkscreu to open wine. (= so that you can open)
Language noie: We can use in order to instead of to in these sentences. For isn't used in these sentences. I eat |ots of vegetables
Not:
in order to get impoftant vitamins. ins;
F
,
!!
Louffirtrble
r
r
Ef
uglesLirlfssle nsunSr 50€?;ef trf?y
,1
Corrrplete the sentelces \\'ith a / (t/t, slu/.( ot
1 z I
I'rn goine shopping. Do ure neecl
Cln I have I'd like
---'-
LIuJt.
-- ,--,,***--
eggs?
large cola lncl tuo cofTees please? information :lbout restaur'.tnts in the
tfea.
+ There's
-
brerd lcft, but there isn't
butter.
5 I'n'r rnaking ----'_ o I neerl z Let'.s buv s I ncecl
.
big cake fbr nrv sonls birthcla.y. rdvice about vegetarian firod. ne\'ri ftrrniture fol the dinins roorn onion for this clisl-r.
-_-* -
s T
I
$m*
*$,
m fdr*fe, er
$ew, fm*fJ em*s*gf*,
quintilier in each sentence. ,q., I'nr afl'aid therels too tnutls / tmny milk in tl-ris. B, Sorq-, I fbrgot vou onh,' iike a.t'ett / little in coflee .{, Hon much / ntrn1, biscuits rvould r,-ou likc?
raras*$a, sm#$'ry{
*
Choose one of the dirlogucs in Exercise 1. Think about u'hat is happening and v'ho is speaking. \\rrite the next t$'o lines.
LTnclerline the correct
.
I
s, ,1 lor / lot o.f! A' \4rc have lots o.f' / rn.t r ch space. \\ hr. clon't vou come encl visit? tlon't htrt:e enoug/.t / hrti,e too httle tlx's off. e, Thrnks A, '\"Ir, n allet rvrs here r little / a.fett tnintrtes agol B' I'nr afiaid there arc lots aJ-/ nuu4, pickpockets her., tir.
lntI
Tfue isn$tm&triwe wi*$"a tre Reecl
thc text about eJrprnese drink. Corrplete the text rvith
ro
or
nothins^ (-).
rlake sake, but Sakc is rice rvine. Thc Chinese lirst learnt lQ nou' it is the trxditional drink ofJrpan. To n.rakc- sake you neecl (1) use tr specill cook rice irl $':iter. It is irnportant (2) or cold. InJapan kind ofrice. \bu can (3) -- sen-e sake warrl -*drink u'arrn sake in lr.inter rnd cold sake people pret-er (1) in surnrner. You are mertlt (-i) -,--= clrink slke rvith frientls. 'lrlclitjon savs vor-l- lnustn't (6) pottr sake tbr t'ourself. So if vou clrink sake in -f aprn, retnember (7) - ,, pour it on11' fe. other people. r
f,e
"-r
$ilt!nEt'Fve
?
st p{JrFsse
.\'Iakc six sentences.
1 I went to the blker'.s z Hc looked round the crf6 : She stniled at nre
.+ Hc u.ent into tl-re q'arclen s \\ie cvclecl into toln
o
Tl-rer,'organised a pern'
b
nreet our lricnds. celebrate her birthdal-.
c
shorv she r.vasn't angrlr
d
buy some bread.
e
lind
f
pick somc tolratoes.
a
to
a good table.
#
Usr;tr
Fost sirnple end psst eontinuous Post eonlinu*us
Fcst sinrple Affirrnative
Negative
Question
I/You/HelShe
I/You/He/She /It/We/They
/she/it/we/they
/k/We/They
Did I/you/he
did not (didn't) work.
worked.
work?
Question
I was working.
I was not (wasn't) working.
Was I working?
You/We/They were working.
You/We/They
Were you/we
were not (werent)
/they working?
working.
-ed spelling
. ' " o
He/She/It
lor most verbs add ed: look - looked. for verbs ending in e, add d: smile - smiled for verbs ending iny, change the1, to ied: study - studied. (But verbs ending in vowel + y are regllar: play - playd). for verbs ending in consonant-vowel-consonant, double the consonant and add ed, eg stop
-
Use the same form for all persons
stlpped. (1,
y,u,
he, she,
it, we, thelt) except
for theverb to be. Some verbs have an irregular affirmative form: haae * had,go - u)ent, see - sau),think - thought. Use the past simple to talk about completed actions in the past. I watcbed a goodf.hn, at the weekend. I boagbt a book about historl oJ'ntt last week.
was
working.
He,/ She / It was not Was
(wasn't) working.
helshe/it
working?
Use the past continuous to describe an activity or situation in progress in the past. He was watching a Jilm. on TV We often use the past continuous for activities that are interrupted by a completed action. It is used in contrast with the past simple. He was watching a flm. on TV when the phone rang. t-+.,1,r....-+X..,.'
watching
a
f.lm
phone rang
Wile ts often used with the past continuors. When is often used with the past continuous and the past simple. I fell asleep wbile I was reading a book. I u'as reading abookwhen I fell asieep.
[,fsed ro Affirmative
Negative
Question
I/You/HelShe
I/You/Hel She /k/We/They
Did I/you/he
didn't use to
use to wofk?
/k/We/They used to work.
/she/it/we/they
work.
We also rse true now.
used t0
to talk about situations in the past which aren't
There used to be an an gallery in our toun. (= but there isn't one
there now) Language note: There is no present form of used to. We only use used to to talk about regular actions in the past.
We use
used to
to talk about regular actions in the past which don't
happen now.
I
used to
play
the
guitar. (= but I don't play it now)
3r;l::::;r t**u*
Not:
l_{'se#own#musie.
u* fft tr g 6 g$*q6ff 4
-g*."q
H 8."f}€€j6x{-r":aL" LJ' B e $ q-F 4 ."q4-* C. L 4"3L 3 g
Post simBNe ond post continuous
I Use the prompts below to write what was happening yesterday lunchtime in the park. t 2 3 4 s o 7 2 I
,/ do / in the park / at midday yesterday? two workers / dig / a hole aman / read/ anev/spaper/onabench
What,/ people
awofiian / eat/ asandwich-butshe
Underline the correct lorm ofthe verb in each sentence. We were cleaning / cleattel the rvindows when it was starting stufted
z
/ notenjoy / tt
children / play / hide and seek an old woman / walk / her dog two tourists / take / photos t\.vo
/
to rain.
While she zras looking /
looked
in the mirror, she aas noticing
/
norikd her first grey hairs. Itwas getting / g0l dark when I was witching on / suitched on the lights. They were dropping / droppel the sculpture i.vhile they were carrying / can ied it inside.
While she was closing /
closel
the curtains, she uas seeing /
somebody outside. I'-^as pninting / pdinted the beclroom u'a1l when I fell oJf the Iadder.
was
sa*^
Jalling off /
Used ro Complete the sentences with appropriate verb.
used to
or didn't
use
to and an
rHe-toCaSSetteS,hedidn,tusetolistentoCDs. the violin, but now he plavs the guitar. z He ---, an MP3 player but he has one nor.r'. I He +He-toclassica1concertS'heusedtogotomusic festivals.
s o
miserable, now he feels relaxed and happv. opera but he likes it norv.
He He
-
-
::=i '. '. :-, t :' =-'t tl:
,i: h,l
Fufure hopes cmd plems Lise verbs such as hope,
plm, urnt, uoukl /lfte (+ infinitive u'ith
ro)
to
talk about future hopes that aren't defiuite. I wattt to :'ork irr n d(r,llPiug iltttl/'.\'. I'd, like to
be
Use look,fbt-,t:rnrl t0 (+ r-erb s'ith -ing) to talk about definite future plans. I'nt lookingfot'uat d to uorkittg in AJi'ica nert \teol'.
an aid zrorker.
Fulture plems end ;nfentions {gefng fo, pneser:t eomtinuours} Goimg fo
Language note: going fo go is often replaced by going.
I Aflirmative
t'm going to go to France next year = l'm going to France next
Negative
year.
l_-=___ 1
l
] I am ('m) going I to work.
I am not ('m) not
Am I going to
going to work.
work?
You/\drelThey are not (aren't) going to work.
Are you/we/thev going to work?
He/She,/Tt is not (isn't) going to work.
Is he/she/it going to work?
Fresemt eentinu0us
I i
I You/\\relThev
i are ('re) going to I work. He / She /
It is ('s)
going to u'ork.
LIse the present continr"rous to talk about future plar-rs, ir-r particular for arrlngements with a date ancl titne, eg plans u.ith
tiiends or tral'el arrallgements.
Question
I/Yor-r/He / She
T/Vru/He/She
Will I/you/he
/k/\\te/Thes, will ('ll) work.
/It/We/Thev will not (won't)
/
I'r.e made an arrangement Year. (=
\\re've alreaclY
she /
tt/
tve /
Use uill be uble to to talk about ability or possibility in the ftrnrre. \lre don't rse it:ill mn. We won't be able to stop palhrtion.
they
Language note: compare will and going to.
work?
We're going
work.
firme
Main clause
Itr
intention)
I think we'lt reduce carbon emlssions. (= prediction, may or may not happen)
Use furure dme clauses -,1-ith a present tense to talh about ftlnrre
predictions.
If It
I rl't.'.rt
+ present tense (r-rsr-ral11.
as
/
reduce carbon emissions.
e*ma,ases
I F.,to." time clause
ii Befor. ," I ltter
to
(= definite plan
Itlsezt:ill to talk about predictions or beliefs about the future. It is often usecl with the verbs think, hope antl to be strre. I think there'll be u ntrcletr accident. I'tn yLre there will be rnore homeless people in tbe Jir.ture.
As s,,on
ient]s this e,-enirtg. (=
u.ith thern) We're goitrg to Egpt on holirlq, thi.r arranged the holidal')
Se s&fe fo
Afirmative
,
tcr
lwill, be obfe fo!
w;ff
Fu*?ux'e
for an explanation on horv
fornr the present continuous.
[\n meetin,gf
We nse gting to to talk about u.l-ret u.e have elreedy decided or intcld ro do in rlrc hlrure. He's going to ttuin to be t doctor. (= It is already decided) Thgy'r'e going t, y'y,! f:,-q:_!59.:.
Fnedietiosr mmd mhllity
See Gramn'rar focus 1 on page 132
sirnple)
present
future form (usuall,v
zll/)
ue reduce carbon ent.issions, ue'll retluce globa/ uarnting. is possible to change the order ofthe future tirne clause ancl
rnain clause. l[/hen.yott see tl:e f.ltn, you'll be renlly Ji'ightened. Will t,e hnae dinner b{ot'e ite go to the dnerno? Language note: we use lffor things that might happen but aren t certain. We use when for things that are cerlain.
Um*F 4 il-qu:t-rJE*E €
6-
i
n
ffi
Future hopes ond plans Match the sentences.
t z 3 4 s 6
a b c d e f
doctor. She wants He's five years old. He hopes I'rn a teacher. I'm looking forward l'rn a srudent.I'rn planning They worry about pollution. They'd like \Are're aid workers. We're looking lorward She's a
to working on a ne\4r project in Latin A.n'rerica. to work for an environmental organisation. to fight disease in developing countries. to starting the new school year. to get a good job when I leave college. to get a bike for his birdrdal'.
plens cmd intemtiocas {gccr:g fon presemf eemtlnuous}
Fa.rf*we
I Conrplete dre
sentences. Use the correct form of goittg to.
1
We
2
This government
)
M,'lren
our children a ftiturel (not hel.p) our countryl wari / stop) this $rou (we / feecl) our children?
I How---@iz,e) 5
\l'e
6
\4'ho
7
I
8
Cars-----
2
Con-rplete the dialogues with the correct form of the present
contir-ruous.
t A: The1.'re
holding a big climate change conference at the end of the year. Where \\rhen are you n'reeting Lisa again? after u'ork tornorro\4, actually. ['m goingJ on hoiiday in June.
(not giae up)l (/:e/p) the
poor!
(fight) - for what I believel (desn oy) our environmetrt.
Where What tine is David coming round?
-
today, I'n-r afraid.
-
-
Are you u'orking on Saturdayi No,
--**-
Fnedie*isn end mbltlfy iw,df, &e s&de ss)
I
at all this weekend.
Complete the text with will or zuon't.
What do we know about global r.r'arming? Well, global rise and increase. Sea levels (2) temperatures (1) be floods. But in other areas there in some areas there (3) -(4) be enough rain. That means farmers in some areas (5) be able to grow food an1, rnore. A.nd some animals and -plants (6) be able to e)rist in changing environrnents, so be few-er tlpes of anirnals. there (7)
-
2 I z I + s o z 8
Underline the correct verb. We at'e haaing / uill hnae funch. with friends tolnorrow. yo:u nrz goittg to enjoy / will enloy your visit. \44-rat are you going to do / uill yu /o this evening?
I hope
sure \ re uill Jind / are Jinding a solution. gozrzg to be / will be an engineer when she leaves school. \4rhat tine will you m.eet / are yott meeting them? \{4rat clo vou think zi hdppening / uill happen tonTotrow? I'm gtin,q to check / 'm checkin.g rnv email in a minute.
I'm
She
t
Fufure firne e*cuses Complete the sentences with the correct forn of dte verb in brackets.
r z
I think the If
you
baby
(start) to cry as soon as we
(/o) the shopping, I
.-". (cook)
* thatbook.
(finish) work, he
fu'o)
to
(&e)
She
(brget) her
upset if he
birthday.
dinner. (read)
he
the airport.
@er) on the bus.
3 You
After
(&e) shockecl
when you
----
I
(senQ lrort a text v'hen we
-
(arrite). --
-
-
*r*;:::r:*r fa***
Li::ii
,.-1.
L**;e S Hsve Affirrnative
Question
I/You/We/They
I /You /\4re
/They
Do I/you/u.e
have a car.
don't have
a car.
/they have a cari
He/She/It
has
a caf.
Instead of hm:e we can also use hare got for possession. got is often used in spoken and inforrnal English. I'ae got nL,o brothers.
Hne
HelShe/It doesn't
Does he/she/it
have :r car.
have a car?
lJse haae as a main verb to talk about possessions, relationships or characteristics. I haae nto brothet's. She bas dark hair.
She
hasn't got dtu'k hait'.
Haae yott got /l.rry mottey? Use hare as a main r.'erb u'ith certain nouns to talk about actions or experiences. For example: . have breakfast/ lunch / dinner/ a drink/ a coffee . have ap^rq/ aholidav/a srvim/anaccident/a goodtime . have a chat/ a conversation /a rneeting o have an illness / a headache / a problern
Language note: We can't use short forms when we use have as a main verb. Not:
lvaaeaf.
fVtodol verbs Use m.ust and hne r.o to talk about things that are necessary We often rse nilrst and hale ro for rules. Hatte to is often used for something u'hich is necessary because of a larv or because sorneone else says it.
I
rnast fitish this report. He bas to gire a presertatiott tc)mlr-rlu. (=
His boss said so)
Use don't htt"' e to to say that solnething isn't necessar\', but it is possible or allou.ed. Xl[en dom't haue to uear o tie nt wr,n'k. (= but they can if tl-rey r'r'ant to) Use cln to say that something is possible or allowed. You can huy food in the staJJ'cnnteen. Or yon can eat ylu.r ozun snttdwiche: there.
Use can't to say thet something is not possible or allor'ved. Yott cs.n't ea.t lunch a.t your desk.
Use m.ttst nlt (mustn't) to express prohibition. Yr.tu, mustn't wear jerms snd truinerc in the oflice.
-rng rorms .
The -ing form of the verb can be: . the subject ofa sentence hotLrs A- ae ry sn'es{ul. is "-ery relnxittg. the object of some verbs, for example: lore, like, dislike, tn.ind, can't stand like playing baskethall. catt't stand jogging.
.
I I
oJ,
He's "-ery good at skiing. I\nr excited dltottt going on holidrq,.
Working long
Playing
nsed after prepositi ons: gtod / bnd ot, interested in, tired excited abotfi, ltorcd uith, instertd oJ, in spite o.f
chess
enjo1,,
Present perfect Affirmative
Negative
Question
I/You/We/They
I/You/\Ve/They
have ('ve) worked.
not (haven't) worked.
He,/She,/It has ('s) worked.
He,/She/It has not (hasn't) worked.
have
Have I/You/!Ve /They worked? Has he/she/it worked?
Tlre present perfect is forrned with the verb haue + past participle. The past participle of regular verbs is the same as the past simple. Grammar focus 3 page 136). Irregular verbs often have clifferent forms, eg go went - gone. (see
to talk about an unspecific tirle in the past. Compare the present perfect and tl-re past sirnple. I haoe been to Dittt.q,ktntl. (= no sPecific time, present perfect) I went to DineyLmd lnst s'unime]'. (= specilic time, past simple) LIse the present perlect
\4/e often use the present perfect with eur and neuer to talk about experiences up to the present. Haae yo'r,t eaer been ta An lun'u,sement park? (= at an)' time in your 1ife, I'ae neaer been on d rol/er coaster. (= up to no$) Language note: haye been to = have visited a place.
Compare: She's been to Germanl. (= ancl nou. she has corne back home). She's gone to Gennnnl. (= and she's still there).
iivamnr,
:.r.^.r.r
Ffsve Cornplete the sentences with the correct form of haae.
t She z Thev 3 \4,'e ,+
- a baby yesterday - a little girl. got a car, they cycle everywhere.
a party on Sunday evening. \Arould you like to come? Do you knou- him? He glasses and he
6 7
vesterday.
-
nru.'h hair'.
---
Modol verbs
I breakfast most days because I'rn never hungn in the morning. I'm afraid he got time right now. \{re a printer at home so I bought one a
rninute, please Madan?
-
-
Read the rules and choose the correct meaning.
I z I
Ernployees can take breaks uhen they need thern. a You take a break when you want to. b You need to tell the manager wher-r you take a break. Employees must clock in and out when they start and finish. a Itls necessary to clock in and out. b It isn't necessary to clock in and out. Emplovees can't call in sick witiout a doctor's note. a lt's possible to call in sick without a doctor's note. b You need a cloctort note to call in sick.
Employees mustn't make private phone calls.
a Private phone calls aren't allowecl. b lbu can make private phone calls if you want Employees don't have to work fixed hours. r You need to rvork at the same time every da1.. b You choose u.hen you u.ork. En-rployees have to follou'the dress code. a You can \['ear what you u'ant. b There are some clothes that vou can't wear.
-rng torms Put the r'vords in the correct order to make sentences.
4 part/looking / is/ tn/ good/ joblthe / inporrant/ of tea/ work/ hate/coI1-ee /rnaking /I/ and s magazines / she's / working / instead of / alu.ays / reading 6 ^r/
1 (?e / he / without / looking / can z trainingJ / n'r'o / had / weeks / u,e / of 3 new / starting / she's / job / about / her / excited Fresent per$ect I
\4'rite the
dialogr-res
with the correct fonn of the present
perfect.
1
1 A: you / ever / tnr / skiing? B:
Yes
/
/
v-e
Progfalnlne.
I A: my son / stop / collecting B: he /
ever
/
a b
have
/ a busyyear
at
work/
so
/ I / not
have
/
any time
s A: She still / not finish / talking / on the phone. 2
a
roller coaster last summer and ...
they love it. thev loved it.
a b
coins?
to relax. hope / she / not call
t\4.o years ago.
She's been to the water park ...
4 A: you / be / on holiday / tl.ris year? B: I /
They've built two amusernent parks outside the ciw ... a and they are g;oing to build another.
Thev r-ent on
stamps.
/ think / about collecting /
Choose the correct ending.
b
go / skiing / in France / twice / so far.
z A: u,-hat / you / done / with the remote control? B: I / r.rot see / it / but/your mum / just / wtch / t
B: I
s
/ that friend in Brazil.
Choose one of the dialogues. Think about rvhat is happening and who is speaking'. \Vrite the next t$.o lines.
yesterdav. lots of times. I've never been in a haunted house because ... scared ofthe dark. " I'm h T was scared ofthe dark. He bought a burger in the food area but ... . it didn't taste very good. b it hasrr't tasted very good. We've visitecl e great theme park in South Korea ... a when \ve were on holiday. t and one in HongJ Kong too.
&r*r**r**r $**u* iiirii
!
: i:-": j: \^; --i't ",ot i I F t ;:iiai:r::ai::l:l:: r'ira
e]ii:"i.4:r!:9i:::i+iriffi
:;:r:::
ecrmpmrmf*ve sr"sd su*penlwfive mdieefiv*s
find sdvenbs
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
One syllable edjectives and
fast slou
fister
Language note: For one-syllable adjectives ending with one consonant, double the final consonant and add -er / -est' Some two syllable adjectives, especially adjectives ending in y can
aclverbs: add -er / -est
hig
bigger
the fastest the slou.est the biggest
nlcef
the nicest
i d.i"t
the driest
slou-er
be used in either lorm (more + adjective or with -er angry
Adjectives ending in e: tdd
-r/ -st
angrier
/ more angry
to compare nvo things or people. Conparative adverbs compare t\{'o actions. Than ts used after
LIse comparative adjectives
Acljectives endinE; in y: change thel to le and add r/ -.rt
conpafatives. in uann. couttries dre haltpier thnn paople in cold ntntt'ies.
People
Tu'o or more svllable
irnportant
adiectives and adverbs that end
quickly
in
-
/ -esf)
I
cnn run
faster
thon !o'LI.
-ly: rnore / nt.ost +
acljective or adverb
Irregular adjectives
good
better well
bad
worse
and adverbs
badly
Cornporative cdieefives Emd sdverbs {s
&cfl, m?&{€$?,
\\,re can rnodifi'comparative acljectives and adverbs with a ltit
or
m.uth. Ut0t)
/e:'.r
r.vith longer adjectives to meirT not a:^ lztLrch. intelligent thtn her sister. (= her sister is more intelligent)
S/re lr /ess
Thttt DL'D plnl,er is a bit chenper. This one is rnucb
U\e
Ljse
ss "." ss}
t/! ...
trs
che
alter'.
to tnake (otnplrisott:.
as 1,otur. (= l64t or.rr jobs are equallv exciting) job XIy isn't as excitin,q as yotu's. (= vo.tt job is rnore excitinq than mine)
IIy job n as exciting
Superlcfives superlatives to colnpare solrleone or something in r group u.ith all the other drings in that group. This compttter is tbe cheapest in the shop. LTse
Shopping online is the rnost conaenient method.
LIse superlatives with the present perfect. NIy git'lfiiend is the most interesting persott LIse snperlatives u'ith in the ... The in.ternet is the best inttention,
I'tn the tallest
persan
in tbe
I'ue eaer met
in the woild.
chns.
F&rnsss! \rerbs mnd ohieets A phrasal verb is a tu.o-u,'ord 'r'erb consisting of a verb + a particle. Sorne phrasal verbs trke an object and some phrasal verbs don't. . r'erb + particle Crm you log on? . verb + particle + object Tw"n on the cornputer.
\'\'rhen phrasal verbs take an object, the object can usually go in
rwo places: . after dre verb and particle Tur.n on the computer. . betu'een the verb and particle
Turn
the cow.prfter on.
Ifthe
object is a pronoun, it can only go betu.een the verb and
particle: Tw,n it on.
Not:Tuntnit,
:::
i:; *:
!'it
r r J'{!{ r.{ii
eompcnotiv'e nnd $uperlstrive ndiectlves \Arrite tl-re cornparative and sr-rperlative fbrrns of dre adjectives in the teble.
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
tall
hot content safe
good erpensive enjovable cheap bearLtiful hear,y
Cormpcrofive ediee*ives {o bit, nzwek, ss .," os} \A/rite comparisons usins the prompts belori'.
r he / be / patient / i.vith the children / her z she / be / happv / now / last year 3 lnostpeople/get/rbit/fatlwhen / they / get/old + I / sleep / good / in rnv own bed / in a hotel
5 o 7 8
money / r-rot be / as / irnportant / health this chair / be / much / cornfortable / that one some neu. robots / be / as / intelligent / humans my horne computer / starts / slowlv / mv r'vork colnputer
+
Social networkjnq is tl-re growing sector of tl-re internet. 'Ilorv to kiss' and'\d4ro is Clod'rvere rerrch tlue:t ion: in .t he 2007. Books - are the things that sell the on the internet.
SuperNofives Complete the sentences u.idr the superlntive form of the u.orcls in the box.
expensive The blog of
fast good high popular
a Chinese
film
strange
actress has the
nurnbcr olt rertlcrs un thc intcrnet. name for @ is elelthant's tnmk in Danish. The ,-,*-*-
-,.
T1.re
domain nalne cost $7.5 miliion.
Fhnsss! verbs cnd obieets -
Conplete the sentences u'ith the correct phrasal verb.
r z I
\Arell, turrr
The phone'.s ringing. \Vell pick
Thc tnusir'is too l,rtrd. The TV isn't u,rrldng.
T}re cornputer is lrozen.
Yru need to plug
You have to shut
These u'eb pages are really interesting.
\\'e rrced to find out trrirr tirnes. Can 1'61 look -*--l adclress. I've found his ernail -***--. T'll write
C':in vou
+
print
Hor'v do I put -l tl-re u''ord into the search engine? Just t-vpe
--? -?
Ur:;t
f 4@i@r{
ffiu_-ew'wE5.*
Present perfecf with for ond sfnce foo
srnce
.
.
years
1999
ages
the 1960s this morning
six months a
2p-
long time
he was a child
Use the time expressions for and since with the Present perfect to talk about unfinished time. For" states the length of time and since is used with the beginning of the time. How long haae yu wot'ked het'e? I'oe worked here for ten years. I'ae worked bere fot' ages. I'ae wot'ked here since 2000. I'ue worked bere since
I
was 25.
r fen
/ears**_
-->
since 2000
t% t%
t% t% t"", tuor t% t% t% %%
Present perfect with yef and olready Affirmative
Negative
I/You/We/They
I/You/We/They
HaveI/you/we
have already eaten.
haven't eaten yet.
/they
He/She/It
He,/She/It hasn't
Has
eaten yet.
eaten yet?
has
already eaten.
Question eaten yet?
helshe/it
Use already with the present perfect to emphasise that something has happened before now.
The structure is au-xiliary + already + past participle. It is usually used in affirmative sentences. I'ue alread.y been to the bank. I'ae alread.y checked oar account. Useyer with the present perfect to talk about something that has not happened, but will probably happen soon. rJse yet in negatives and questions . Yet goes at the end of the sentence. The money hasn't gone into my acclant yet. Haae you paid the bills yet?
@
unit 7 Grammarfocus
Presenl perfect with for ond since I t z 3 +
Cornplete the sentences with.for or
since.
I've had this job She's
lnown
him
\trre've r'vanted chilclren
I've liked travelling
20 years. ages.
I n-ent on my first school
5 o 7 8
I've been u,orkinc- here
a
long timc.
They haven't had anything to eat \Ve've
the same I haven't seen her l.racl
6am.
TV
the 1990s. clays.
trip.
2
-2002. ---
-
Complete the text r.ith dre present perfect or the past simple
form ofthe r-erb in brackets. -
-
Microu'aves (1) (1le) a popular time saver fbr (prcdtrce) the I'ears. A.n American companv (2) first microwave in 1917 - it u-as almost 1.8 rnetres talll Fatnilies (l) Qzsc) srnaller modern microwaves since the 1970s. But many people don't think it is safe. So, is micros,.aved
-
-
-loodsafe?Tlreansu-eristye5,16'o,,(1)-(cook)the
food fbr dre right lengdr of time. -Nficrov'aves (5)
(}e)particrrlar:1vpopularsinceconrpanies(6)-(.rrazz,)
proclucing {reezer to rlicror.yave 'ready-rneals' in tl-re late 1980s. -
TheUIt(7)-(}e)the1:rrgestErrrcipeanconSunef
of microu''ave ready rneals for years. But a report in 2008 (8) (say) British people are no\4, starting - to etr lnore healthilr'.
Present perfect with yef ond already \tririte the dialog'ues. Use nlrendl,
A: you /
/
and,ye t.
the electricity bill? / the u.ater bil1. r've / not hear / about that loan. I / call / the bank / ru.ice about it. rve / spend / all our nroney for this mondr. oh dear, / vou / check / tl.re lottery ticket? our / railw'ay sh:rres / rnake / a profit. good / but the rvater shares / r'rot irnprove. A: you / have / the letter about your inheritance? B: no, the solicitor / not send / anything.
B: A: B: A: B: A: B:
pay
no but I
/
pav
2 r z 3 + s o
Correct the nristakes in these sentences. Tom has lived iu Gertnany for he was a child. Has Emrna got already rnarried? He hasn't done l-ris homeu-ork alreadl'. They have finished the book yesteldarr She's worked here since three months. \Ve haven't done this alreadv.
G
ra nr n-a
llcl*a
E E
eq
# € Emc* gEg Va
LJg
L3 t4+::r:r'li!?r4:ijffiiii'J:a':i:r:"iil::1::
l
The pcssive Ys;ce If we want to
Past passive
say
who did the action we can use
The building was ilesigned in
Iam
I was
You/We/They
You/We/They
afe
wefe
He/She/It is
He/ She/It was
200i fu
a
&y +
agent.
Jamous at'chitect.
We use the passive u'hen we clo not know who did the action (the agent), or it is not important. M1t bag was stolen. (=I don't know w-ho stole it) A botnb was leji in the statiott. (= we don't know u'ho left the bomb) Language note: the passive is more frequent in formal speech and
Form the passive with the verb
t0 be + past
participle.
writing.
Use the active voice to focus on the agent. (the person or thing
who does the action)
7gcnl Zatti Haaia
artiuc
ucrb
clesignerl the
objcrt
building.
LIse the passive voice to focus on the action' The buildingwas designed in 2005.
Finst ecndirisncN
+
present sirnple
will/can/might
lJse uill, might or can tn the rlain clause: . uill: the speaker thinks it's likely that the sinradon will happen . m.ight: the speaker is not sure that the situation will happen o can: the speaker is not sure if it u'i1l happen or not
(not) + verb
The
I/you,
etc.
Use the first conditional to talk about a possible future situation. lf ir is bad weathe4 I'll watch TV But if it's sunny, I'll go to the be ach
If
zf clause can
be the first or second clause in the sentence'
we take the train, we'll
en1o1,
the.jottnzey more.
We'll enio1, the joutney tnore if ue take the truitt.
Seesnd eonditionsl zlf
Main clause
clause
If
+ past simple
I / you, etc. / could (not)
wo'uld +
verb
Use the second conditional to talk about an unreal {irture sinration. It is unlikely or almost impossible that the situaticin will happen.
-:3Sralr:::iarf+ci:s
If I didn't ha"te t0 wlrk, I'd go ro the bench today. (But I have to work so I won't go to dre beach) If I had lots of m.on.ey, I could fi'aael round the worltl. (I don't have lots of money and it's unlikely that I rvill have lots of money in dre future) Language note: we someiimes say If I were instead of /f / was- Both verbs are correct. Were is especially common in the expression lf I were you
. "
. when giving somebody advice.
,rt
3 "u_ ji e?,1:
il;:qt # +l
I
ne pgsst\re votce
I
\Vrite about eight nodern buildings.
passive. Sometimes you need
t z
L.lse dre present
or past
y'y.
The Enrpire State Building in Neu. York / use / in the King Kong film. The fil'o Emirates Tou,.ers in Dubai / connect to / a huge
o
siropping centre. 30 St Mary Are in London / call / 'the Gherkin' / Londoners. Sydney Opera House / b:utld / to look like a ship. The Guggenheim N{useum in Bilbao / often / compare / to a fish or water. The Petronas Towers in I(uala Lumpur / occupv / international
z
The r-rewJeu'ish Museum in Berlin,/ design / the architect
s
The Pompidou Centre in Paris / name / after a French
: + s
companies.
Daniel Libeskind. president.
?
Rewrite these sentences with the passive so tl-rey mean the same.
\4 e sol.l our flrt last week. Ow'.flnt uas sold last ueek. t Somebody built the flats in the 1980s. 2 The1. call tlre br"rilding Hrmtingdon House . 3 Restaurants and caf6s surrouncl the building. + They painted the walls in our flat u.hite. 5 We put in a neu'' kitchen last year.
First condiriCIncl Complete the sentences with the correct form of the first conditior-ral.
t
If I (),ou
2
I
email address,
(g'inc) ,vou rnrr
/
--
senA
ne the details? (tall) the police if
I
(see)
him
If
the
/
go)
If
w-e
httk
again.
weather Qo out)
to)
+
/ tnn /
get)
He
-.
(m,ight
(/:;r,)
fbr
a meal, we
(nor listen) to
him if
her the truth.
on the bus.
/
take)
Ifthe
you to the airport if he
(irz
nice, u'e
,--
Qtc,t
g,, Food shopping.
She (not
(&e)
to the top of the tower.
internet -
l.re -
(not work) again,
-
(not rell)
I
(contplain) to the companl,'.
time.
Second condifional I Cornplete the conr-ersation with the correct form of the
n'Iatch the conditional sentences.
second conditional.
A: What would you do (1) B: \4rel1, if I were in your shoes, (2)
1
@'
/
you
/
be')
(I
/
go)
on
2
a
long trip.
I'd take a month's holidav tomorro$' / my boss / gi-oe / me) time off . B: If I hacl the choice, I think - (.1) C:
Yes,
(3)
in Neu. Zealantl, or Peru. C: Yes, I'm sure I'd fbrget all my problerns (5) I / do) something like that.
-*, *--
Arnerica,
a
(I / go / walking)
5
6
---*--**
If we v'ent on the bus, Ifu'e take the credit card,
b c
(# 4
B:Perhapsy
If J went to
ne?
(.tf
/
If I drxr't u-ear sandals, If we go camping', If I had a problern,
d e
f
we u.on't har-e to look for accomnrodation. I'cl go to San Francisco. v'e s.on't have to take lots
of cash. my feet u.ill be too hot. u'c'd sar.e lots of monev. g'ould I'ou he$ me?
Ug-e* P .
-- --
@F1.=jr!n44!;SJ4t;+4i1E+ilr:ir;i::$1:j!.:l::r:1i!.r-:irr-:!ir:
--
Modol verbs of odvice IJse should / shouldn't (+ infinitive without ro) to give advice and make suggestions. You sbould go to bed if yu don't feel well. Yoa
shouldnT read in poor light
-
it's
bad
for l,our
Yon
e1es.
Not:@
f
ougbt not to uttch TV without lour
it is more formal.
Should
glasses.
Must is similar to should but it is stronger and more definite (see Grammar focus 5 page 140 for nrore onm.ust). You must take an aspirin.
We often use the structure I (don't) think with shoald. I d.on't tbink you shoald drink nny more.
Could
Ought to can be used instead of should but is more common. You ought lo take att aspirin.
couldn't, had to / didn't hove to
(For modals of obligation and possibility in the present, Grammar focus 5 page 140)
see
IJse had to / didn't baae to to talk about past obligation. I had to take tablets for a long time. I rlidn't baae to stay in hospital long.
Use coultl
/
couldn,'t
to talk about things that were possible or not
possible in the past.
Wen I
uas in hospital,
We coald
hne
uisito't s
I couldn't
in
get out of bed.
the aftentoon.
Post perfect Affrrmative
Negative
Question
I/You/HelShe
I/You/He/She/It
/k/We/They
/We/They had not
Had I/you/he / she/ tt/we/ they
had ('d) worked.
(hadn't) worked.
worked?
beJbre aLnd aJter, we can use the past simple instead of the past perfect as the order of events is clear. Before I staned doing regilar spolt, I uns oztenteight. Before I stat'ted doing regulat' sport, I had been orLenL,eight. The players celebmted ajler the match f.nA^hed.
With
The playert celebruted
Use the past perfect to talk about an event in the past that happened before another event or a specific time in the past. He ct ied because they had lost tbe m.ntch.
I hadn't
been to
a
after
the m.atch had Jinished.
Use the past participles been and gone in the same way as in the present perfect (see Grammar focus 5 page 140).
they had lost the
football match befot'e last Saturdal,.
.,,:, ;
n^^+ rdJt F*-
match
he cried
V
E Present
Reported stqlements Use reported statements to say what another person sridHe said thnt he wasn't feeling uell. fee ling well. He told me that he was going to go to I'm goittgto the doctot"'s. **" I'm. not
the doctot's.
In reported statements) the verb goes one tense
back.
ln reported statements other words can also change: . pronouns: 'We're m.eeting rfi my f.at.' *He said that they
. o .
past simple She said (that) she liked my new
present simple
'I like your new hairstyle.'
present perfect
past continuous He said (that) he past perfect
'We'ae bought the tickets.'
She said (thrt) they had boztght the tickets.
past simple 'Imissed, the bus.'
past perfect He sajd (that) he hnd m,issed the bus.
uill
would
'I' m gettittg married.'
'I'l/
you later.' am / is / are going to
'I'm
see
o:oing ro
join
a gvm.
Grammar focus
places:
was
gerting married.
She said (that) she ur.tuLl see me 1ater. was/wer"e goingto She said she uas goirtg ro ioin a gym.
'I got het'e 4 tmin.'
He said he had got ther.e by
-
He said he hnd just this / that: 'I'ae just bought this book.' *** bonghr tbat book. He said he had met her tbe times: 'I m,et her last week.'* weeh before.
*-
with say and tell: we say something (to somebody) we tell somebody (about something) The doctor told m,e I was stt'essed. I said. I kneu that.
Be careful
hairsryle.
present continuous
uere meeting at his Jlat.
. .
+F ,fb
E E
U*f;?
Y L-q*rris*s 9
Modol verbs of sdvice Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the lirst. Use should or shouldn't.
t
I think you need to stop smoking.
You don't drink enough water.
I tbink you should
I think you
stop srnoking.
Don't worry about it
You drink too much coffee.
I don't think
You
z
Co and
see
5
your duttr-,rr
Don't go to bed so 1ate. You
You
Could
f
couldn't, had to
I
didn't hsve to
Complete the text witb. could, couldn't, had to or didn't haue to. Yesterday,
I broke my ankle while I
was running.
I
walk so I (2)
phone my girlfriend and she (3) take me to the hospital. Luckily I (4) wait long for an X-ray. The doctor go put a bandage on my foot and said I (5) rnove for days and my home. Unfortunately I (6) (7) girlfriend do -everything for me. The only good go to work. thing was that I (8) (1)
-
Post perfect -
-
Join dre sentences. Use the past perfect. t She ran 20 km. She was tired. She was tired because z I finished playrng tennis. I took a shower. When : The swimmer failed a drugs test. He lost his medal. The swimmer lost his medal because + She was optimistic. She won the race. Before she won the race,
s
The referee -. sent a player off. The team played with ten men.
ffi{" F
After
o
She
hurt another player. She paid a fine. because
-. -. stotements Reported Read the dialogue and report back the conversation between doctor and a patient.
a
D: Good morning. You're obviously having trouble with your back.
P:
Yes,
P: D:
P:
nt1, ltltsle
.
and
I woke up this morning and I had problems getting out of
bed.
D:
I was obaiously bauing trouble uith I told her that (1) She said that
Have you had this problem before? No, I've never experienced that before. OK, I'm just going to take a look. You'll feel a pain ... Ou-l That hurtl ... But my back feels much better.
She asked me if (2) said drat (3) She said that (4) Then she told me that I said that it (6)
I
I
(5)
but that mv
back Sramrnar f*eu$ :'iiiit
=
'1 E
aq
2
#*i?
+:*1.
1#
R a. . LFefi
I "' -l-.--^crouses nrng refgflve
Defir'ring relative clauses give rnore infbrmation about a person or He's the dotor who / that sared my ltfe. a thing. Relatir.e ciauses are formed with that / u,hich to describe lt's sotnething which / that I don.'t like talking about. I knou n good ltalinn restnu'ant ubet'e zue oJten go Jbr hr,nch. tlrirrgs, z,/:o u.ith people and uhere u.ith places.
Languagenote:wecanUsethafinSteadofwhoandwhichbutnoINot: instead of where.
Se$ierire
srfiel*
{f&c}
before. 'fhe ctnalso be used: night. o u,hen it,s part of a superlative phrase jt Yn're the best thing that htrs haltpened to m.e. is or thing. or clear r when it is part of a name (such as a river)
Use the when a person or thing has beer-r referred to We'ae -found a neu^
fllt
so we
uere pnintirtg the Jlttt
tJse the u,l.ren there is only one of this person
which .ne it
is.
My pat utts mtt the Queett
ottte
dl
last
.
Language note: we use a / an (for singular nouns) or zero
article
tbe Mekong, the Black Sen, tbe Titaniq tbe Golden Gate Bridge o for nationalities and groups in sociew the Britislt, tbe tmemplrryed
(for plural nouns) when we talk about things in general. New Zealand is a country with many mountains, rivers and lakes-
Verb
$qwm,g
review
Present sirnple
I work. I'm working.
Present
See Gramrnar focus 1 pas^e 132 See
Grammar
acttve
passlve
focus 1 prge 132
continuous
I u.orked.
Past simple
See
Grammar
first conditional
focus 3 page 136 Past continuous
I was rvorking.
See
Present perfect
I have worked.
Past perfect
T
had worked.
second conditional
See
Grarnrnar
I will work.
See
Grarnrlar
I am going to work.
a
,l
Granmar focus'l page 138 See
J'he cars are made in
See
Germany.
focus 8 page 146
If the bank gives me a loan, I'll buy a small
See
Granrmar
Granmar
locus 8 page 146
If I had dre money, I'd
/ can't
See Clramm:rr focus 8 page 1:16
can
& possibility
must
(present)
have to
rnodais: aclvice
should / shouldn't, See Grammar ought to / ought not to focus 9 page i.18
modals: obligation
."rld
focus 4 page 138 90il1.9 t0
Gratnrnar
modals: obligation
focus 9 page 1rl8
uill
focus 8 page 146
buy a fast sports car.
See Clrammar
fcrcus 5 page 140
See
CATS.
second-hand car.
Granmar
fbcus 3 page 136
The companv makes
& possibiliw
See
Grammar
locus 5 page 1.10
/ didn't
have to
/ didn't have to had to^"nd*
See
Grammar
focr-rs 9 page 148
(past)
o-{
l4A*ra sfkttttkt na!fira/
VVtaal
Use both to telk about nvo things. Borlr is used witl-r a plural and a plnral verb. Both rnrs nre qttite old.
nor.rn
Use neither to say something negative about each of tw-o things Neither ts used r'vith a singular noun and r.erb.
Neither car is "-ery reliable. Use both oJ'and neither o/u.ith a plural noun or pronoun. the cats is ecanomicd. Let's sell both of thern.
Neitber of
i.:
i
i',,
a,,
:,Jttai nftaf ;ili.i_;:li
0e$lming re$stive eisuses Cornplete the dialogues wtth uho, u^hich, thdt or uhere
.
r A: \{rl.ro'.s that? B:
4A:
He'.s a chef
has
written lots of best-selling
cookerv books.
z A: Clan )'olr recommencl a hotel in Neu'Yt-rr-k? B: Yes, there's a good hotel \l-e stayed last vear. 3 A: Hi, what'.s neu'? B:Well,Igotthe;ob-Itoldyoutrbout1asttirne. -
Where'.s the dictionary? (lver there. It'.s the big blue book shelf. 5A: \d4ro were dre first Europeans there? B: I think it was the \tkings 6A: \Vhat's that big br.rilding there? B: Oh, that's the new supermarket shop 24 hours. B:
-
h
f.
..
..
I
t.t
r
uefinrEe o!'frcre trneJ
Complete the sentences with n / an, the or nothing O. Nen' South \4ra1es is (1) state in (2) south-east ofAustralia. It is (3) oidest and n'rost populated state in Australia and its capital Svdney is home to famoris sights such as -, (1) Sydnev C)pera House. It has (5) ven'diverse clinate w.ith hot sulnmers and cold u.inters. (6) state has great iocations for visitors: (7) beautiftil beaches, national
-
parks and sno$T mountains.
-
-
Venb $srml review Underline the correct verb.
t z : +
The lirst plane that had tr.t / u.uld be controlled in the eir
r',zs
inxented / itn-tented in 1903. The plane Jlew / hns floun for 12 seconds. The \drright brothers uere mnkittg / had m,atle bicl'cles v.hen the:y became / uere becoming interested in planes. They huih / were buiklin.g the plane after they ha,-e r:atched / wutched
how birds
htd
fl1'.
s
The biegest passenger plane, the Airbus Al80 its first flight in 2005.
o 7
Since then, several airlines haae ordered / had ordered A380s. Airbus is planning / is going ta plan to produce an even bigger plane in the near future. If er.erl.thing went / goes according to plan, the ner'v plane uill be / is being nearly 80 rnetres long.
s
made
/
is
tntking
Soffi, rleif&er Rewrite the sentences about two friends rsingboth / neither or both oJ-/ neither of. Son-retimes more than one ans\\.er is possible.
t z : + s o
The tr'r,.o friends live in a big city. They aren't married. The friencls don't have a car. Eacl.r
friend ou,ns properry.
The tu.o friends enjoy playing chess. Ther.'ve u.ritten books but their books haven't been published.
is on d.rat
sailed there first.
vou can
Unit I
&t.sz I
Sorri', yes.
I'Iv last name
That's
is Torrance.
T_O_R_R_A_N_C E.
2 3
&
I live
on Janssen Street. I'11 speil that
for
you:J-A-NdoubleS E N \Vlite this
dou-n.
The nane of the state is
K-E N 'l' U-C-K-Y.
That's Kentuckrr
t.os
1 A: Oh, when was this photo teken? B: That one? Five vears ago, I think. A: Mrnmm. It! quite a good photo of you. B: I don't know. I don't think I lookcd good A:
with that beard. I think vou look nicc
anc1,
nrnm,
intelligent.
@wt
2 A: Hov-'s thc baby? B: C)l-r,z-czrr. Great. A: It's a'shc', righti B: \-es, yes. I'11 sl-rolv t'ou a photo. She looks A:
like her father. Oh, yeal.r, bald just like her dadl
rerlly
l-rappr,'.
Shet got a great
srmle.
&
t.as
3 A: B: A:
Who'.s this a photo ofl I)on't you knov'? It'.s Bellal Bella? Oh yesl She looks so different her:e. Hou' long ago was this?
B: At the errd of urrirtr>iq. A: \\bv.. Her hair wrs much longer then, and so cu'rly.
W tat
4 A: \\'rhet does tl-re suspect look like? A: I can't hcar you. \Aftat does the suspect look like?
B: Tl-re suspect is a v'l.rite, older A: Anlthing else? B:
man.
A: B:
Just a seconcl ... yes. He's got g;rey hair and a moustache. \Vhat kind ofcar does he drive? An old u.hite \iolvo.
A:
Tl-ranks.
&w I
Pilar is my Spanish neighbour. Shek on v:rcation in -Nlexico, and I've got her cat and her plants.
2 3 4
OK, I{ans. Ilans ancl I aren't really friends. He's more of an acquaintance. IIe's director of the German department. l(en is a colleagle of mine at tl-re universiqr He teaches French, and I teach (]erman. I take a computer class in the cven:ing. Solia is my classmate.
@ws -I-he
theory of Six Degrees of Separation u.orks like this. Imag;ir-re you and John are collcagucs.
Ptia,atc-'ti
A: B:
C:
\trrhatareyoudoing? So, rvhat do you do? Excuse me, u.e're trying to u'ork.
E:
How's it going?
&t.tt
Six months nclr'l'. She looks
&r.ta D: You're not listeningl
tlow old
is she?
B: A:
John is narriecl to .N{an', but you don't knov- her pcrsonalll-. So you ar.rd Mary have one degree of separation. Mary has a siste r, Jane. Jane and you havc tlr.o degrees of separation.Jane's neighbour, let'.s call l-rim Robert, rvorks for a big hotel ir-r the city centre. You antl liobert,Jane's ncig;hbour, have three degrees ofseparation. Iiobert doesn't or.n the l-rotel. He works for l'[r. Srrith, the president. You and Mr Smidr ... fbur degrees of separatior"r. Nl[r Srnith, because hct an owner of a big expensive l-rotel, he'.s often in touch with irnportant pcoplc. He's iriends t'ith dre Anb:rssador for cxample. So you :rncl the Ambassaclor h:rr.e five deg;rees of separation. Ard wel1, the Ambassador goes to New Yolk three times a year, and he knows the Secretary Gcncral of the United Natiorrs. So, if you make all the right connections it means that t-ou and the Secrctary General of the United Nations have six degrees of separation.
1 A: Hello. B: Hello. A: First time hcre? B: Sorrvi A: I said, is this vour
first tirnc hele? At the
conference.
B: Yes.Yes. A: \Vell, hcllo. -N{v narne's Georgc. B: Hi Georg;e. Nice to meet you.
Unit 2
& t.tr Zao Shen is the gocl of thc kitchcn. He is a figure in Chinese mvdrology. He *'atches farnilies ancl tells the othcr gods if a fan'fly is goocl or bed. He hls dre pou'er to make families rich or poor. Zao Shen also protects the home from evil spirits. Many hornes in China, Tairvan and Southeast Asia have a picture ofZao Shen in tl-re kitchen.
& r.zo Human beings need water to live. A hurnan being can live lbr weeks wjthout fbod, but onlr' a fc*- days r.vithout rvatel. \Ye o{ten hcar that orir bodv is twr-r thirds u'atcr, but rvhat cxactly does v'ater do to help the hurnan body? \,\'rater helps to protect impoltant p:rrts of the bod_v, such :rs the cyes. The brain is 75% lvater'. \\,'e also need s'ater to breathe, and to kecp our bodv temperature normal. \drater carries nutrients lnd orl.gen to all parts ofthe body. Blood is, in fact,92ok water. In addition, r.vater helps to conver:t lbod into energl'and removes waste from the bod1.. It is also ver--l- good for a person'.s sLin. Even the trones in our body arc made up of 22% v,ater. The hurnan bodv gets \4.ater not only fi'on v.ater itsclfbut also from other drinks and food. \Vater is a rnajor part of rnany foods, p',rrticularll fruit and r-egetables, vhich may contain from 85 to 9,5% n'ater. Becalrse the :rmount of $-ater u'e need mlv change u'ith clirnete, level of acti\.ity, diet and othcr fictors, therc is no onc recornmendation for hov, rnuch dailv u'ater you need to drink. Hov'ever, adults tyrically need at lcast two litres (eight cups) ofu.ater: a da1-,lrom all sources.
@t.zs
&t.tz
2 A: C)l-r, look at the tirne. It'.s gctting- late. B: \d,hrt time is it? A: Elevcn o'clock. And I have a class
I A: B:
B: A: B:
Yes.
Thanks for everything. No problern.
A: B: A: A:
A: B:
Goodnigl-rt. Bye.
B:
tonlorros'. Oh. \Ve11, C)K
tl.rer.r.
@ t.tr
3 A: And this is frorn ne. B: Awll'.
B:
A: B: A:
Oh rny... It'.s a dogl Isi-r't that great? Er, 1'g5. A dog. Thankyou verymuch. You're welcorne. Happv birthday.
&r,rq 4 A:
IIelio? Oh hi, listcn I'ni on the train. It's not a good tirne rigl-rt nor'. ..
B: Hey! A: \lrait a minute
. .. Oh, I'm sorry I didn't you and ... That's all right. Here, let me help you v'ith your bag. No. itl fine.
see
B:
A: B:
C:
Good evening. Hello. It's a table for two, please. We've got a resen'ation.
Namci
M - double ()-I{-E. Ah, yes. Just this u'ay-. Nov., u.hat would you like to order? -Vloore, thatt
I'11 have dre fish. Just a ninute. I haven't seen everydring on the menu yet.
C:
Sorry., theu can u'e h:rve another minute to decide?
A:
C)f course.
@t"za 2 A: B:
Here you go. Anyd-ring to drink? Sor4', I think there's a mrstake here.
A:
rvanted a hamburger, not a hot dog. OK, sorry. Just a mir.rutc. One hamburger', please.
B: Thanks. A: Arything to ddnk? B: Uh... A diet Coke, please.
A: B:
Small, mediurn or large? Small, please.
I
&
t.z.s
3 A: -\{ore coffeel B: N-.o thanks, I'm Fne. A: Did rou enjoy 1'our lrreakfast? B: lt u,.as Iovelr,, tlranks. A: Goocl. B: Cotrld T have the biil? A: lbu har,c to pav over there for the buftet sen icc.
B:
Sorrv, where?
A: B:
Over therc, nert to the plants and the cxit sign. ( )h. I cee it. Thinl,. agrrin.
A:
Yru're v'elcorle.
Wt.zt I
Nlo. Iran
'-[\pical traditionrl Persian tbod. It consists of ricc and rninccd Iirnb, Lebebs and chickens rnd dried fruit.
Wt.zs
2
()ianfranco, ltelv Pizza. (J{ course notPizza Hut but Napoli pizza. les, pizza, lasaene ancl past:r.
&
t.zs
3
L,lenr, Borsch
-
it's r-cry
rntcrcsting it! like
a
salacl. But it'.s boi]ed in s'rtcr, I clon't lcrou; u.ith beetroot, ri,itl-r onion, potato, rvith rreat, or rra,vbe l'idr chickcn, or rral'be witl-r rurke1'. \i:al-r rnd itls velv tast1, realh..
@ 4
t.eo N'larlies, Genn:rnv
A schnitzel tlish.
It'.s
kind of a ncat, it's fiied
and you most often have it r.vitl-r French frics and salad or potato salad l.hich is r:rther lrl'icrl,,f f ,crntntt f,,,,J rtqrtin.
& 5
r.rr ,\'Iatt,
LTS
ne think of homc.'lhere are ccrtain cancll. brencls that wl-rer-rer.er I scc therri thel' rcrlind me of rny childhood and thev remincl nre of grou.ing up in the United Candy rnakes
Strtes-
&r.v 6
Sonia, Spain
tortilla rnakcs me think of homc antl vcry tvpical lnsu.er but I thinl< it is a verv simple dish v.hich is macle h'orr eglgs and potatocs ancl itl rnade like anr- otlrer Spanisl-r
that's
a
tortilla.
Unit 3
&
t.ra
In
1877. Thomas Eclison made or-re of thc first evcr sounc[ recordings. Edrson prcdicted tl-rat sound recordii-rgs u.ould be used fbr oflice
dictati on, speaking books, eclucation, talLing clocl
In
1901, the first recorcls rvere releasecl u'ith rccorclings or.r botl-r sides. People used to listen to these on recorcl players called gramophoncs.
thrt thcrc should
be rror:e spi.lcc
'lor:ld cincma'.
't:rlLing pictures'.
B:
Angeles.
The seventies lncl eigl-rties snr. thc inooductiort of \TIS viclco, cassette l\r:rlknan ar-rd CD. Thc Cl) rorrlutioniscd tl'Le music industry lt was in the earlr. nineties that t{igital nusic rnrl r'ideo appeared. In I996 the first disital music player was sold in-[apan. One vcar later the carne out. llut it uasn't trntil thc bcginning of dre 2 1" centula' that digital niusic and I{P-l pla,vers realJr- beqln to beconre popular. L'r 2001 Apple rcleased thc llrst iPod, a portable i\lP3 pJaver. 'l'l-re history ofsound recording has rlrvavs bccn to nrakc dcviccs that :rrc smeller, but contiin mole souncl.'l'he first record plar.'ed for onlt'six rninutes ancl needed a lalge machine to plru'it on. TI.re current ge ncrlltion of music plavers go in 1-our pocket and can hold more drar-r 15,000 songs, r'ideo ancl photogrrrphs.
first.\'IPl plaler
&
t.cz \Irrri, lt,r.,rl\\J\\ Ir((lr .r \cr\ irlrl.)',rtrilt
Ancl
firr filns fi'orn arountl the rircrlcl.,\{ore
Tn 1 962 the company Philips introduced thc :mclio c'essette tape plaver. C)ne \-car l:rtcr the first discothequc in A.rnerjce oper-red rn Los
A: B:
&
F,xactlr'. There are lots ol grc:rt fiJns from othel cornrtrics, but u e onlv see ouf o\\n Americrn films hele. Ald T clon't tl-rink tl-rat's right. I lgree r.ith,vou tl.rere,.John. So r'r.hat ftlrns tlr lrru think r'r'e shoultl see? \Vell ...
t.cd
3 A: \\ ltrtL.tlrortt tlti',,rt.i B: \\tat, a nrusic:rl? A: I Lnol,vou thirrk tl-ret rnusicirls erc tcrribl
c.
Ii:
rbsoluteh- right. The,r' '\bsolutelv, 1'ou'rc
A:
\\rcll, mavbe but ... I read tl-is one
are
au.illl
different.
\.\t
rvas
ahvtvs see the same lilnrs
a r 11-\1.i1\-.
B:
A:
Oh plcase. V\'re see lots of clifTerent fiLrs. Last rveek v-c sru. e Frencl'r film. Fine, voLr choose tl-re D\J) thcn.
Unit 4 l)iil-l
of lilrn and teler.ision. A fihn can be conpletelr,' trirnsfirrmcil dcpending on the kjncl of rnusic
Ilr.rssie
A:
In the nileteen-t$,enties souncl recording rnet film. The first filns rvith sourcl u.cre callccl
l',OLr LlSe.
For cx:rmplc, if you want the audience to ficl sc:rrecl ltou w2urt to Lrse some kind of tension rnusic. FTere is an exarnple of rlusic that makcs people feel tense or scered. It uscs violins plaved on a ven- high note and rerr- tpricirlv. Clcntlc music is gootl fbr maLing:rn audience feel calm and safe. I r.rse auitlr, violin or evcn piano. This kincl of music is goocl u'ith love
&
t.at A: ...? B: OIi, u'e11. trIv n,ure'.s Josh Cross ar-rd this is Helle Hanscn.
C: Hi.
B:
C:
And ... t'cll. u'e're 'lid rvorkcrs rvith the l)anish olqanisation trIiler-re Nielscn Foundation. Helle, do 1-or1 s,xnt to. . . s:i\sorlrething about it? It! startinq t neu projcct in Cludtenlttla rtcxt nonth. \\re're going to be in e small villege
scen es.
I sorretimes
use choral rnusic fbr ccrtain specill scenes, or to rnake people f'ccl sad. I use tl-ris firr wl-ren a character dies in a filn.
Finally, sonretimes inclividurl charlcters or
fihn have theil orvn kind o{rrusic. music fcrr thc l}'itish television progr:alnlne Robin Hool, antl er.ery tirle thc character ofRobin appears you hear this kind of rnusic. It uses tmmpets, rvl-rich are elrvals g'ood instrurnents fbr heroes. In thc past, to record the music fcrr a film, the olchestra usetl to play in front of l large screen showir-rg the rnor.ie, so the conposer cor-rld gct dre tirningJ just right. Nou'u'ith cornputers, it
icleas
in
:r
I did thc
B: Ir ,h" r.r,r.,n,"ina. C: In the mountains. lt'.s :r very poor place.
A: ...? C: l\is'pe goine to wrrk rvith thc chilclren therc B: l3:rsicallr', u,e're eoing to be responsible lbr thc children during the day. Plaving, coohing.. C: Clcaning ... .
A: ...? B: I'm :r tcacher C:
EverJthing is much easier, rud u,e do a lot o{the rvork in tl-re stuclio. isn't so
r-recessarr,'.
&bt.ca I A: So, ll.hat did vou tl-rink?
B:
B: I don't
knovi l{orror 1ilns, v'cll, they should be thrilline, you linow, be a bit scar\,,
A: I think so too. B: A.r-rd tl-rat film u.asn't. A: Oh come on, it u'as. B: No, I don't agree. It \\'as not scan:
& t.as
2 A: Nov, vou believc that there are too manv big buclget action lihns in the cinema.
B: Thatt rieht.
C:
A: B: C:
olisinalll-,
ar-rd
Hellc has'.r
background in child psvcholog'l: \\rc botl-r u.antcil to l-relp people. I ltll in lovc rvith Clu:ltentele $.hcr I \\'as thcrc on a l-rolidav nvo vears ago.'l'he people are friencllv:rncl the countrv is beautiful. I rerrernbcr thinking: 'I'm corning back hele onc clal'.' lt's g'oir-rg to be rr.r1'lirst tin-re in Gualcn-rela. I'rr looking forri,lrcl to going on this tr4) verv tnucl-r. Yeah. nrc too.
...? Goocl questioll. I guess I lr.ould sal'that hope is tl-re most important thrng.If lou dor't h:rve hope, \-ou clon't har.c ant,thing. \i:s, tl-ris rs espccialll' true v-hen vou're r.rorkir"rg u.ith people r.r.ho l.rar.e, reall.l', /os/ hope. If you l-rave hope, * ell that helps 1ou keep going. 1.;
;:ili::r::::-:il
A: ...? B: 'l'l-r:u-rlis. \\te'11 let \.or kror'C: Thank r'ou.
3 A: Clen I l-re$ r'ou? B: \es, tl-ranks. L,rn, I ... I'r.c missccl train. Clelr
%t.sz A:
,1tt Lron.-enient Tizth? Tsn't that
clocurncntln'frlm
a
tr,,lin
a
A:
feu years rgo'.rbout
qlobal u.lrmir.rgi No, I heven't seeir it, no. I lr.rr,l ir u rrr irrtclerrirrg.
B:
C:
\\rell. of coursc I kneu lbout qlrbll r'':rnninq r bit betirre I snl the {ilnr . . , but, rr,cll . . .. u ou. I nrean, it rcirllv mlkcs me thinL rbout u'h;rt I'rn eoing'to do. If u.c clon't dcr sonrething nou', l.e'll h:rr-c scrious problens in the frrtrrre. AII I $,rnt to srr\- is irr portirnt.
I rerrerrber this liln. I sru.it
after: AI Clorr $'on the Nobel Perce Prize. I lernit a lot. Tt u.as tlif-fcrent frorr a usual C)l-r,
i'es
llollvu'ood fiLn.
E: I didn't likc it.'l'hcsc dlrrr.
F:
rr.
'l
kinds of docunrcntan'
ightcninq. \rrd
:rrrr rr,rr. u'lren this climate changc happens, T'11 tre deacl. So I clon't llrrnt to $on'\'rrbout it nor,r,. I halen't but nn'son sirrv this fi1rr at scJ'rool, in his ecogrrrph'r,clrrss. He u,as telkinq about it all eyenina. IJe sard: "You'll thinl
rrlu:rr
dilTcrentlv eftcr \-or.r scc it." I think it'.s qoocl th'lt he lerrns about tiris lJncl of thinq at sch
Ol-r.
Look at
tl-re tirne.
I{r'
tr:rrr.r1s
%t.sr I
I
ffi
A:
go non,though. Thanks rgril. Havc :t g;oocl trip, and vou next -\{onda\'l Bvel See vou trIonclari
2 A:
Hcr.-l tI-re
B:
A: B: A: B:
A: B:
.\:
\\t:rt
tirnc do 1ou nccd to qct
2
C)h no.
I'rrr sorrr,, \\'e \\'ere tillrjng rnd I dicln't see the tinre... No, clon't u.ornr I . . . J v.on't tlke the train. I'll tllie a tlri. -{ taril'lhc1-'re cprite e.rpensive. Let me cirivc vou to thc ajrport. Reallyi That rvould be grert.'-['hanks. \,' pri'l'l,rrt. \\'r' r':ttt (urrlirruc ost' con|ersition in the crrr.
3
pri! rte emails lnd rrtu ar 't scnd pcrsonal mcssaqcs to each other on the cornputer. \iru ,l:e on conll)any tirne, :rncl you rilust respe i that tirnc. That rneans -uor*zr!, el erl'b0cl1; and rutt
;l
It'.s OK, 1'ou knou'. Of course vou can go on vour lunch break nou,. You clrn't have to corr.re in to nrt. ofhce ancl ask rne every tinre. I like to keep thines ir.rfirrmal arountl here, :rncl rs lonq ils cr-e1f.-orle cloes tl.reir u'ork tiren I don't see r problcm..\11 r:ight? By the u'at, I rccornmcnd the Itllian restrurant oll thc corner if you clon't knol uhere to go.fer.J,
&
I u,,rrl,l likc tu rr.r'L tirr
',nl(
contl)tnie\
t.os
Nlilt
Srrutli ,A.rrrbi,r
internation:rl
trec:rrrse it'.s thc
1'rng;uage nciu.rda \rs.
&l"ot 5
,A.rthur, Iirrrnce
I love it. l}rqlish culturc, the .\nericen tultrrrq. it. rttoric, it: iltu.ic.
& w 6
ttlking.
good pasta.
u,ho work in Clalreda and USA ancl thel' ttcq,l t'
& .1
\O. Hol. nrrrnv tirnes clo I hl e to i usc the ccintputer to seud
No, no,
sav this? \?ru rzn
c0Lln tn..
tc)
I'rn pllnr.rir.rg to be there tu'o hours belbre tl're flight. \\'l'rr-i \\'ell, lcxrk at the tirne. l-he lirport truin lr'lt r': in lir t nrittttt.>.
%t.os
l"se
\\rell I believe thrt linglisl-r is verr- inportrnt nol.lda\-s rls \()u cannot contiluc stucl1-ing
airporti
little bit morc iblnral.
%t"tt it u'ill
3 llert, Tirrhey
sce
t.o*
Excuse nrei Yes, come here, please. Now, I clon't krorv if anvbocly told vrm, but u'c hln-e a tlress cocle here. L,mplovees ]]rustn't u'ear jeans to rvorli. Itls not allou'ed. \bu clon't havc to u.car:r jackct:rnd tie, but try to be :r
01g;a, Russia
l.ithout using Englisir
%l.s*
%
['nr Iearning English bec:rusc first of lll I wrrnt to be ir tcacher of F.nqlisl-r in mv
clon't have enorrq'h fbr botl.r
A: I{old on. Ifo* rnuch is iti B: 51.75. A: I'11 pll fbr it. I leleis fir'e. I re'allt' havc tcr B:
Abclul, Libya Actrrallr- I'nr lcarnins L,nglish bccause be helpful for rnr career.
l.os
Oh. hello, good to scc you. Listen, scimcbodl- h:rs to uork this Sanrrdatrnorning. Susan has called in sick. Nou, I knou. that vou'r-c grrrkcrl cvcry Sanrrday this rnonth, l)ut there isn't anyone else.'fhat all rightj Vru crn tlkc next Sarlrr(l:ry off.
u elcotne.
%t.sq
I
OK. \.\rrit. rif thcnr.
\'cs, 1ou cln. Thc next tl':rin is tl-re six o'clock fast train. \'rru'll ;rcccl to p:ry ur ertrr tcn euros firt that. Or yoll c:ln tilie tlrc 'ir ritir rr:rin,rnrl \rlu ilun r lril\c r') pa1- rnvti'Ling ertra. OIi, I'll take thc six lif'tr' trair-r tl-ren.
I A: r\re vou read\- to ortler? B: \ts. I'll hrve r salacl. 2 \: I .lou't LrnJulrt,rn.l rlil'. B: That! rrll rieht. I'll l-re$ rou. 3 A: iltc rtert tr',rin is in nretttr rnirrrrt... B: Shrll $.c trlke it or u,ait? ,[ A: Here, let rrc tirlie thosc brgs. B: 'l'h:rnks. but it'.s OK. I'11 carn. thcn.
lelvinpl
pav for thcse? 'l'h.rt u,oulcl be grear. Shall
for the nert
I
Thank r-ou.
SOON.
B: A: B:
usc this ticket
4&
?
A: \bn're
2
ool.
&t.ss 1 A:
B:
I
rn\-
%t.so
tlut I sal.this film. It
\\':rs.J c^l'eitt clocurnentata,, aucl it'.s r.cry vcn-
D:
Unit 5
%l.ss
hot it goes
I
anr le'arr.ring English becluse
I
lor-c the
-.t.6z Dain. South Korel English is a urcrld lrngrage so ne ncccl tci studr- Enelish. Itls essentiel. And personalh' I $.:urt to be a politicirn or I uent to bc a
diplonlt, tfiich nl'llthcr u'ants.
So
I think
llnjtlisl-I is the nlost importrnt thine firr a politician or a diplornat so th.rtls u'h1 l anr rur,l\ inq l- rrelirh irr Britrirt rrurr.
t"es
Goocl afiernoon. r\'Iv narne is Robcrt \lacartlrur. lnil I'rn I.rere to talk to vou about the serious IeisLrre pelspective, 'I'he serious leisule perspectivc cornes fiorn thc cxpcrt o:r leisure, Robert Stebbins, at thc Universiq' of Calqarv ir.r Clanaclrr. Hc has been r.r'orking; on this theon' since 197.1. r\ccorcling tcr Stebbir-rs. there'.rre t$o rnain tbrnrs of lcisurc: cirsual leisurc :rnd serious leisure. Cl:rsull leisure is just tl-ret, casual. Sitting about irt honrc is cirsuirl lcisule. Doing nothine is casual Ieisure. \\irtcl-ring tclo'ision, r:eadirrp; a book. llalbe just going fbr a u,alL or chatting rvith friencls or.er clinner. People enjov doing- thcsc rrctivities bec:lusc thcl'ficl goocl, because thev're
rcl:rrittg. lrc(
rll\( I hr\'rr
flilr.
Fot nenr- cif us hcre in Anericr, leisure has
:r
bed reput,rtion bccausc it's not u'orli. \\re live in a sociefi, that says uork is nore import;rnt thrn
Ici.ttrc l'.clrtse leisulc i' lrrzr. But therc is rnother lirrrn of leisurc. callecl \el i'rlt\ lci\llre. SrIiutrs lcisrr|.c rr'riririr': rrrr' acti\.ities r'r'hich leed to personll der.eloprnent. Doing :r spor t reqrrJarlr-, like o'clinq, running, sLiing, or snirnming
lrc
cxanrples ofserious
leisur e.
Serious leisr:re;rctivitics cirn also inclucle mai
voluntcer x.ork,
T
r.olunteer
tnean unpaid
l
ork.
rrrrk hclpinl
pcoplc othcr than \trur firril1,. For eurnple, v.rllrnteering in a local l-rospital. (Jr ir-r a school. C)r in a home fbr old peoplc.
I believe serious leisure is inportent becausc jt'.s fun, ves, but it also satislles r ncetl in us, it crn change our lir,es.
And nou., movinq on to
%
m1- os.n rcse:rrch
...
t.rs
1 A:
l{ight. Hello
agrin for corring. Tl-re purpose of todav'.s mccting is to give vou all the infcrrmttion about ... Flxcuse n.re. Clor-rld I just ask a qucstion? ancl th':rnks
B: A: \-es, I{rs Drvies. B: \Il'son clocsn't have lll this
:r
tl-re books vet. Is
problem?
A: Not at e11. \\re can t:rlk ir iust a mome nt. C:
Clan
A:
Thankl'ou,
about the books
I add that rrrr daughtel doesn't h:rr-c the books eithcr?'fhey haven't arrir.ccl.
\Ir Brol'n. Pletse
clon't
u,,ila ilr()ril it n,,*...
%l.re 2 A:
And T think r.ou u,ill find that the strrting' s:rhr| is z,er1, good.
B: lts. Thank r-ou. NIer, I esk rbout u,orlcing hours againi I'nr not stLre thirt I understoocl. \\hrt tirrc tlo rrru expect nc to rl'rive in the rr-rorning)
A: B: A: B: A: B:
ffi
Seven o'cloch.
Finc. Scyen o'clocli.'I'h'at'.s eallt: \\re need pec4lle earlv in tl'rc rnorning to talk to our Europcar.r ofEces.
Of course. Is tl-rere
No, not at all. Not at all.
t"rs
irlrollt uJL(. irr tlrir ttteetirtg. (lan I just sav drat tl-re clress codc v-e have nou. is tcrrible. Terrible. 'l'hank vou, Drvid.
ebout a chanq^e in the clress code. Can I :rlso mention that thc trolrsers sct t r:tcom.jbrtt
b
&:.or
1 r.r.rn'.ebar-.it, thatt I-T for Italri 2 [email protected] 3 u,lry'.laceLrook.corr 4 rvrvr..itt.com/enq-lish 5 [email protected] 6 l u,w.mYsplce.com 7 umTiamazon.cle, not corn, D-F.... 8 [email protected], that! S-E-A-N H-O-O dot C-O dot U I{
:ll:e
rrrrrrrrr,r-. Tr ir,ts rrn
illlqplstitttl
part-time .job nruch moLc interesting than the other jobs I've hacl. There u'ere 1-5 r.rf us in total. The stuLlv was ir Tex:rs lnd the scientists were lookiirg:tt the efl'ects o{no grar-ifi- on the hrunln bodr,-. For the stuclr' rvc hrd to stay in bed iirr 15 clays. Er.en- dav the scientists put us in r special rnachine that turncd us around ancl around upside dourr fbr ar.r hour reallv quickll'. I felt like rnv brlin u,as in mv stomlch lfter the first dar'. But . . . at the end of thc project I got $(r,000
:rtY-A-
on the
a dif/brcnt
B: A:
'I'h'at'.s rigl-rt.
B:
I'r.c trietl everythinlil
rro,
...
ir! OK, thr r'ottlpttr, t'Pcrtott i:
\bu're here B: Yes? !\hat's tl-re problern? A: \\''ell, I trl to open lny cmail ... and ... I r-r,rk.
Ye':rh. Disgusting;, huh?
B: \-eah. OI(. Shut dou.n the computer and
A: B:
leave rt. Is it l virus or son)ething? I'rn afi'aid so.
%E.ll
4 A: Oh r-ro. Nol B: \A'hat'.s rvrolrg?
A: Heve vou been to Srn Francisco betbrcl B: Er,.rro. No T haven't. A, SAW6j$.ii!|!i Nicc r'.eatl.rer'. B: Ntrn. A: r\{t' narnct Frank, bv thc u.tr'. B: \ice lo r)c(r \uu. Clarr,lia. A: Hi Cllautlir. V\l-rere arc trru frorr. C]ruJ:,r. B: l-rmkflrt. A: \\rorv. Frankfurt. \iru clon't har-e rr C;cr:::::: lccent at all. B: T u.cnt to scl-rool in Englrrnd. A: &i$iⅈ lt'"lt, I'm Fhglish s' ... I ::-.. thatls norm:ri. B: Yes, I guess. A: So ... do you l.ork lcl ABT TLchl, .B: \cs. I u ur:k irr rh. Franklirrr ',1i.. mv first conl'erencc. A: ()h, l'ru buclt t',1()t.ul r,,t l.tt-. ' vcn' boring lrou kne11'.
B: A:
Realh';'
B: A:
Reall1'?
.
get this.
B: LTrg ...
Sure.
.
A:
%tlo
Hi, crcusc me. I noticed vour beg. r\re vou goir-rg to tl-re Technologv conf'erencc?
The conf-erence centrc, plc:rse. C: OK.
You meen, not the one vou rvant to
tlied
rnt'passrvordl
B: That! rieht. A: Me rdol C,,rrld uc rh,-rrc r trrii
B:
g:l1n.
I Iave votr
Oh-
A:
F# Z,Uy 2 A: So, tell n're the problern ag:rin? B: OK, rvhen I tr1'to print out a docllnrent
A:
ancl
%z.ts
tncl connectecl jt up to thc intcrnet
here nol'.
ilrit llst
5 A: OK. t'e:t,h to rlu tlti'j B: Yep. Delinitelr': A: I,'irst, click on this button he re. B: OK... done. A: Nov. krg or.t to tl'rc system. B: \\hat? A: Log or-r. 1i'pe in vour usernatnc
A:
\'es. But rvhcn I click on thc interilet button nothinq- htppens.
J A: \,,,
...Thanks firr the lch ice.
&r.lr
R:
screen?
a
ahr.al,-s do.
A: \\l.rat) B: T can't renrember
%t.CIs I A: C)K. Tr- nor.v. B: \o. Ir\ 'till not uurkirrg. A: Nothing? Clan vor see anything B:
I
A: Grert
passrvorcl.
print?
I e.
% a*: I .liJ
r.os l{en.v people thinl rnl'rvork is just diszusting, but I think it'.s rnteresting. I spencl ell drv u,orkinq- in pcoplet rubbish. It's not as bad as you think. Not alrvays, 2p11r,11'. I often l.ork at a ci$'landfill, vou kr.rorv, the phce u.here thel' put all the lubbish. Sornetimes I snrdv specific l:incls of rubbish. I'nr finishing a projcct rt the nloment on ofEce rubbish: paper, plestic. that kjnd of tl-ring. C)ffice rubbish is tnuch lcss clisgusting than restaurant rubbish. That lves last veark project.
clocurlert.
Unit &
I
2
the colrputer pr:ints out
A: B: I hntc thcse ties. A: I ln'rorv ... rvhich is rvhv *-c'rc tellcng' B:
%
A: 'l'hc l:rptopls uone clol n agrinl B: Did vou save rlur u orki A: No. B: \bu sl-rould reallr- b.rck up ,rll i our ri'ork.
tcr
A: i\ntl nou.? B: Yesl It\ worHng ntxr.. Oh thnnli 1,ou thnil \ hat did vou doi -),01r. A: Tl-re c:rble was old. I tooh a nen'cable
a pr:oblem?
3 A: OK, so the next itcrn on thc apJenda is ... B: Clirn I sar- somcthing herei A: Is it about l-ages? B: No, it isn't. A: i\11 rieht then. Becausc rvc arcn't telkins B:
enouqh to get lne to Los '$g;eles ancl l,rok tb| u !,rl l: rln rtct{ )r.
-
Thc s'orst part is lirrcn:::. l)r'eriJenl. Lrncc Tilulrl: ..
OI-r 1'es.
Gosh ycs. His talks are so b, ,::: o'ening par6- is quite gooJ. I)
parties:
B:
No, not rellh'.
B:
No, I'rr not. Hr. Neither am I. lr -
{: .Ur. Me neiLher. \, 'i 'c., .. B: TlLanlcs, Frank. A: \orr're rrelt,,tttc. V. ), . conference l-iotell
A:
hotcli
B: I er... I clon't lnor,. ( ): h
usbrn
r1.
-
'
-.
:
. ': .
A: B:
A: B:
Oh.Oh. Lance, this is Fmnk. Frank, this is my husband Lancc.
vou, Flank. Ghd vou could be
A: I{i.
&z.to 1.es,
nice in the living; roon'r.
A: Right. llere vou are. Three pounds. B: T1-rarrk.vou. A: \\rould you like one of tl-rese smirll
i\rthur, Francc 'lbler,'ision is vcry important fbr tl're inforrrmti,,n rrtJ lor entertlirttnt nt.
plants? Thev're lovely at tl-ris time
very inlportant. I thir-rk that nobodv could really live or u'ork rvithor.rt a computer.
@z.ts I tl-rinL the plane. The
aeroplancs,,vcal.r.
& z.zo N"laxim, Russia
I think that most important technologicel for rne it is SMS seruices, of course so rnobrle phone, but cspecially SnIS sen'ices. :rclvance
&z.zt Starla, Englend For rne the most technological atlvancc I'd say is the intemet bec';tr.rse it's convenient ancl quicl and saves vou a lot of tirne.
buf it. At live euros. Nobody srants to buv it. So I n:rde it cl-reap. Tivo
\r.ants to
euros. Do you want to buv it?
@z.tt 7 \['illiam.
Gl-rrrna
I think the intcrnet
is the most important, especially u.hen r.ou are lookinpi \\re11,
for information.
&z.zs
'I'he concept of time in the English language, ancl in v'estcrn culture in general, is very much linked to monel'. Tirnc c:.rn be seen as a fbrm of currencv-. You can spend tirne and rllone),-, of save ciin br' \\rst(J. \ou , att gir.
it.
sorneunc l irrrc vour time, just like you can give then uronel'. \\ie l-rave free timc, cxtrx time, sp:rre time :rncl or.ertimc. \.Vc can convert time into money, and monev into tirne. Time, rnoney and lvork are
intimatel,v conncctcd.
z.ss Do I'ou speak Englisl-r? A little. Horv muclr is the shirt? 'l-his onei
B: A: B: -{: \o. The checkcd onc. B: Flur-rclred end lifqr -
l; i:l':;:
\Vell, v.elcome to Bran Castle, one of the rnost fimous castles in Romania. The c.r\l le s as occupred lrr the gor clnmcnt in cornrnunist times, but rvas renrmed to its ourrers in 2006.
& z.qt I A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:
T'm the author. T'11
take it. For tv'o euros.
2 A:
The Torver of London was originallr' built in 1078. It u'as used as a horne for the king;s and queens of England for alrnost six hundred years, but also serued
as a
prison.
fil-o of thc most famous
prisoners in the Tolver u,ere the -'rcung princes Edv.ard ai-rd Richard. In 1481, Richarcl thc Third, their
uncle ancl king of England, pllt thcm in thc torver.'1-he1. lvere ne\.cl' seen again. The princes u.ere ten arrtl t].rirteen vears old. Tirda1., people say the torver is haunted by
theil
B: A:
Next month? \-es. I have a u.eek's holiday next rnonth.
this place. It's from
filrn. Ycs, it's the house frorn sorne scary nrovie.
And here is the rnain squarc and the tower. The tower is nore than five hundred yeers old, and is the tallest building in the ciry The r-rew from the top of the to$'er is tr-uJv amazirrg. Todr1., u'ith this beautiful sr.rnshine, if you go up rhe tower. rou won't regret it. Excuse me, does it cost anwhing to go up the tower? I'm afraid so. It costs eight euros.
&z.qe 3 A:
q-hosts.
@2.+z 2 A: Look, lookl B: (ll-r, I recoqnise A:
Oh ye.r. The dollal is not very strolrg, sc) thing;s are really cheap. (Jl-r. I wanted to g;o to France. But, cheap is goocl. Listen, if you travel this rnondr you'll get an extra tw-entv per cent discour-rt. This month isn't possible.
&2.+t
&z.qt 1
\,\'rell, now is reallv the time to r,'isit the
LTnited States. Rcally?
A: I'll ask if you like. B: Yes, please.
The author?
I rvrote it.
& z.qt
Are there any specials then?
\\trat's u.rong?
Unit 8
UnitT
II A:
Oh.
Ycs.
Brrr. Staying at this place on llalloween?
No thank you.
-
3 A: iPueclo avudartc? B: Sorry-, I don't speak Spanish. A: Can I help vou? B: No, I'rn just looking, d-ranks. A: OK. B: Sorry yes. Horv rnuch is tl-ris book? A: -Iivo euros. B: Only tu.o euros. That's cheap. A: Yes. I put the price at ten cur:os. Nobody
B: A: B: A: B:
and stay.
B:
lived here. This isn't exactl), true, hower.er, but he z'a.r kept as a prisoner here for some time. The castle is now a famous tourist attraction, and it is visited every vear by thousar.rds of people.
&z.st
.A,ntonis, Greece
Sometines, at Hallorveen, the house and motel are opened for thc public to corle
Of course, as many of ,vou know, the castle is lanown as Dracula's castle. People believe that \'1ad Tepes - thc original Dracula
.
It!
6
of
B: Oh. A11 rigll-rt. Hou-rnuch is it? A: C)nJv 75p. B: I'll take it. Here voLr ar:e. A: Here's your change B: Goodbye noui A: Bve.
Sara, Italr.
The most irnpoltant useful tcchnological rdrarrce i5. \\c (urrld sar rtorr is rr conrl)uter.
5
Py'cho tn the 1960s.
B: Mrnm.
3
\-cal:.
&z"tt
4
built originally for the Hitchcock film
A:
2 A: Hcllo. C:rn I help r uui B: Clan I have sone of these, please? A: \4rhich ones, love? B: The red and v'hite ones. They'll look
&z.v
3
probably one of the rnost well-known lilrn set houses in Holl1-woocl history. The old house and motel next to it u'erc
&z.st
Honor, Englancl I think tlat the most useful technical adr.ancc for ne has been the internet,
because I can do things like booking tickets and so fortl-r.
2
it for a l.runtlred and
tu entv-Iivc.
here.
I
Ycru can have
A: A hundred rnd ten? B: Sorn', no. A hurclred and rq,enty-five. A: No thanks. I'11 leave it. B: OKI C)KI A hundred and ten.
A: Oh...l}:... D: Nice to meet
B: Rightl It was used in the film P9'r*0. A: Hokl on, thc guide says ... tl-ris is
A hundred and fifty,i Thatls erpensive.
Tl-rese are the caq)ets. I thoughtyou r.l-ere goinE; to shorv rne the fbod plrt. .\nd have some lunch.
B:
Jhe fbod is on the other end of the market. Do not lvorry, rny fliend. \l'e'11 go there later if1.oa q.x11.,1:; your guide, though, T have to shorv _vou everything'. Look, isn't this amazing?
A:
ATmm.
a
Yes, 1.s5.
B:
A: B:
by hand.
cdn gr()u fnrit rrrJ t.getaL,i.r l,ul $e d,'lt t live in tl-rese cotteges, but u'l-rat I can s:r,v nore. N{avbe prices - if1ou buf ifvou sell vour flat in r\'loscorv - httJe flat - you can bu1'tl-rree houses in Great Britain.
a
just hungry, tl-rat's all. Arc -vou sure! If vou buy one of these cxrpets no\r', I can g;ct a good price fbr: yotl. Oh. \Arell ... She sa-vs
if you bu1'nvo she r'vill give vou
a &zg discount.
A:
OK, tlteu. Horr nruch
3
B: A:
You need to speak to Mrs I{r-right. You through.
I'll put
W 4
Wz.st 2 B: IIello? A: I'm sorry but
thc line'.s busy. Do
1.611
&
OK, I'll hold.
5
%t.st
3 A: Hello? B: Hellr, is drat Mrs lGright? A: No, I'm afraid she isn't here. B: Can't I'ou give tne infcrrm:ltion
about dre
A: I'm sorry; I can't. Can I take a messagc? B: No, that's a11 right. I'll call back.
W
t.st
A: I'll C:
B: C:
to
Knight? put,vou through.
speak
B: \Vcll,I've C:
W 1
looked on vour r'vebsite erd have a f'ev.questions about the cost. Right, of course, Mr Alonso. C)ut prices, I thirrk rou'll finJ. rre \erv (umpelili\( I
z.so David, Cieorgia So homes ir-r Gcorgia are ver v- big - somc big ones ancl so u.e ha\.e ts'o kind of homes. There are block of fiats - therc are rnanv ofthem and u'e also have houses. Ilouscs usuzrlly are ir-r thc outsicle of thc country - in
&z.st Eler-ra, Russia
In ny country s'c have diffirent hornes like in lingland, because in Englar-rd rnany peoplc li\c in (rlttitges. rc:. t,ut in tnv c()tttllr\ u( h:rve verv big; houses. I{an1' fiats, but not so big, but good, and mosth' Russian families
Wz.to
A: B: A: B:
B:
A: B: A: B:
Oh, th':rtt v'ondcrful. Did she s':r)'an\-thins about a cliet? A v'hat? A cliet. C)h, oh yes. She saicl, sl.re said... T cor.rld eat satne recJ meat. Just once a u'cek. Tbat'.s gooc1. You do eat a lot of rreat. \\rl-rat :rbout salt and sugar? Sl-rouldn't 1-ou cut dorvn on those?
LIm. No, no she didn't say ant'thing about salt or suglar'. Oh.'I'hat'.s strange. \\''hat about coflee? Eq coffee, yes, colTec. \'cru clrink fivc cups of coffic a da1'. Isn't that too much? Oh vcs. She tolcl nc drat I coulcl onlr.' drink
... twrr cups
a dalr
A: OK. And can vou go back to u,ork? B: Ycs. I stal't tonorrosi.
&z.tz A:
Hcllo, cen I helpi
B:
Yes,
I
erm, need somethingi
lbr
a s.rre thr:oat.
It reallr' hurts.
200 different vimses.
the vi1lages.
2
Unit 9 The common cold can bc causecl by more than
Sar-rdla I{night speaking. Sorry to keep vou u.aiting. Oh, hello. Iilv namel Pablo Alonso. I'm calling about the English learning l-roliday \lrhat v'ould vou like to know?
l'ou reaJlr- arr.gl'r
to rvash vrur hantls rcgrrllrir.
A: Harn', is that t.ou) B: Yes, t'es... T'm home. A: \ltll, u'hat djd thc doctor say? B: Er. Nothing much. Shc saicl I r.r.as hcalthr-.
z.to
&z.tt
N,{rs
r'-ou sl-rould do, u.hat
14 \bu should st:t-1' cln'. I)on't v,ash rour hlir or go out in thc rain.
Bea, England
large galden.
4 A: Hello, Greenv-a.v Holidays. B: Hello, this is Pablo Alonso agair"r. C:rn I
active. Go out.
A:
Homcs where I livc are cprite larg;e. In my street in particdar the houses have four -lhe.v are usuallt'sharecl or five bedroorns. beru'een lots ofdifferent house nates. I personall,v lir-e u.ith tu,o people I dicln't knou. befcrre and nou. one of then is a len' good friend. Tbc houses have kitchens and separate lir.ing rooms and dining rooms and the best thrng about mv house is that it has a
English learning holidal'?
.1ar in bcrl. Durt'l go,,ttr. 12 I don't think you should stal in bed. Be
No scrious problerns.
red brick telraced houses.
wrnt to hold?
B:
z.ss Katie, Northern Ireland
W'here I lir-e in Belf'ast horncs are .. . tley're quitc varied. ln inner citv Bel{ast you hat'e ver 1.' srnall recl brick terraced hor.rses. Tvo up ts.o down houses and thcy're I think tl-rev date frorn tl-re 1il00s - thev sort of typifl u,henevcr you think of the citv you tlrink of
Tl-rankyou. Just a mornent, please.
.
to clo, is
\hleria, Bolir.ia say homes in Bolivia are nruch more coloured. Here, abor.e all in Orford, all t1-re l-romes looks r.crt'sirnilar I rvoulcl sav but in Bolivia you crll 6ncl r recl house .iust bcsides a l'ellorv housc lnd it is tt prettv nicc corrhination of colours.
Hello, ()reenrva,v Holidays. I Ii, mv namet Pablo Alonso. I'm calling
8 You should eat g'rrlic. It rxrrks. I prr:rnriscl 9 Just teke trro tspirin :rncl stlr ir-r bed. l0 Cold nedicir.re. Thke cold meilicine 1I \bu shouldn't tlo anv exercise.\bu shouLl
13 \\6at
I would ...?
:ibout thc English learnirrg holiday-.
A:
little house in the countn'sicle v'here l,e
&n.sa
%t.st 1 A: B:
itls not a cottape, it's nraybe
have a
A: I'n B:
cottalie
Somc of these cerpets take more than two months to makc. Thcy are all rnade
An adult gets betueen nr'-o and livc colds a vcar, rvhile fol cl-rildlcn or babics the nurnber is higl-rer; betu'ecn 6 and 10 colds a year. From the molnent lrou g;et a coJd to the lnoment you feel the svmptoms is betu'cen 2tl and'18 hours.
A:
B:
Tl-re total tine in your life that vou cold is two to three yerrs.
Oh, well ... I'11 take mant'clo I t:rhe?
A:
Just or-re ... Sornr T'm sorry And horv olten shoulcl I takc it? Just one every lbur to six hours. Take it before mealtinrcs. Are t'ou al1erg;ic to lrtl
rvill hrve
'a
'I'he common cold is not a deailll'diseasc, but it is crpensirc. Irr thc L \ ilult(. exp(rl\ e\lillliltc that rt costs the econornv 3.5 billion dollars in lort rinte rt rrork and .cltoul.
& 1
z"ts You sl-rould eat hot chickcn sollP as soon as -vou feel ill. J utr drirrk u rrer. Lut. ui u aler. Drink orange juice and lots of vitanrin C.
2 3 4 I think you shoulcl eat foods rvith vitamin 5 6 7
A,
like carrots. Drir-rk hot n-ater uith lcmon atrcl honev in it. I thinl l-ou should drink u.ater lr'iti a spoonftrl of salt. Breathing hot steam u.orks. (lo fbr a sarrna.
\Vell, u'e have this s1'rup or these tablcts.
R: \\lric:h
A:
is better?
Tlrcr'r'c I'orh F,,,,,l.Thc srrttP i: ttt,'r. e.\pensl\ic.
B: A:
tl-re t:rblets
thcu. Ho*'
neclicinc?
B: A:
No. Then vou'll bc fine r'vith tl-ris.
B:
Carr I ect \orlre 3;111[i61i1.1eo? T'm afraid you need a prescriptiolt fbr thrrt
A: B:
A:
Oh. You Lnou',,vou should that cougl-r continues.
relllv
sec a doctor
R: Il
ii
Unit I0
%
A:
Lrs Bnnt r\i'zl
So, vonr brvtk
neu'u'ords
ir-r
l7'orzl.r
is
:r11
:rbout
l}-rglish. lTor'v do nerv rvorcls
lppear'?
B:
C)ne of the nrost
collllnon u.:rvs of making
nel
words rs sirlply to combine lurr vrircls u,hrch ahcrdt. erist. So fbr er:rrnple in the past l-c had texts, xnd u'e hacl rncssaees, norv u'itl-r rnobile phoncs u,e hlve ...
A:
TLrt messases.
ts:
Yes.
Tl-ratt right. A:rotl-rer comrnon u'av of 'a neu' l'ord is to combinc p:uts of uortls. Considcr brunch. Brunch is a meal thet pec4rle can have rt 1 1 o'clock in thc rnorning, a conrbi:ration of brealifrast lnd nral
lr rn
A:
ch.
So cornbinations
ire hou,nel uorrls lre
Both qanrcs rrc plat'ed on a board, and c,rn be pleled bv nr.o or ilorc people. Both pJarles h:rr,e been extrcrnelv popular: lccording to its rnakers, rnore thrn 750 rnillion pcoplc hrvc plar-e d r\lonopoll', and tu'o hundrecl rnillion copres of Scrabblc lrc sold e\-en- verr. Both of thcm alc successftll r'r.orlds,icle. 'l'l-rer. ere published in over 25 l:rnsu:rgcs todal-, and are rr ailairl. in tttoLq tltttt R{l c,,ttttt t'ic:.
Lrc 1 A: Oh, hcllo, tl-rere vou are. B: IIello. A: Listen. I'n-r'.rfraicl thcre's some bad ne*'s. B: Ohl A: \'cs.'I'hc thing is, the cornp:rnv is closing. B: Reallv? \\tcni A: Tbmorrol'.'l'he lrhole tl-ring. It's been
...
B: A D\T)
...?
Of course. \-cs, thc abbr:o.i:rtion becomes the ncu. u'ord.,\nother u'al is to give a r,ord a neu, mcirning. \\rc har.c ncu, rncaninqs for all
[:inds of
lr<.
A: C)r r.irrdol's. B: \-es. Finlllv, u,e cur Llorror, tords from otlrer lanquaqcs. An e xampJe of this ri.ouid be a tsunarni - a Japlnese u,ord u,l-ricl-r became r.cn' frcqucnt rn E,nglish rlter the nlturll rlisastel in \sia in 200-1. A: \A il I ,rl1 tlrcsc lcrr r'r or.ls ruutirnrc to cristi B: Nl:rybe not. Some u'ill colrtinue, othe rs uor-r't. But the u,ev ue create these neu' u util. ... cutttl,ittaliutt. rrl,l,rcr irrtiutt. gir ittL olcl worils ncu'mc:rnings or borrou'ing words ... neil tl-rese ale 9'oing to be u'ith us for a long tirre.
B:
So... so, rvh.rtls eoir-rg to l-rrppcr to
A: R:
'l'here'll be an official ennouncenrcnt. Oh, liere'.s rrlr lloor. F)'..- T'nr sdll ...
A:
An1'u,ar.
IIr- fivoulite
erpression in l-.ng-lish is'Oh nrv qotl'l 'l'hetis itl Bec:ruse we l.reercl this erpression ver\/ ofien in movie, ir-r television antl I think itls a clich6 of the [,r-rglish people or A.merican people. Ol-r mv goc1.
% 2
love.
3
Kristin:r. Russi:r NI1'tarcurite r.r.circls in Englisl-r. I tl-rir.rk rvhen I clrne to England last verr g.cn4roclt' said, oh he looks gorgeous rncl itls goreeous, the
sinrilrr ...
\lfred Butts, the jnventol of Scr":rbble, end Chrrrles l)urrol., thc invcntor of r\Iciropolr',
r
ere hoth r\merican. Neither invcntor had a job. hecl lost his job rs :rl :rrchitect in 1929, encl DuLLou u:rs nn unen-rplovetl silcs rcpresertrtile
Buts
lt
is r.'err-
A:
%t"a* Flkrclic, Sl.rtzerland r\I1' f2"n.,.tr" uorcls in F)rgJish :rrc - I rcallv like the r,ord perl-r'.rps. I clon't knov. rvhv because of tl'Lc souncl, because of the pronunciation, I clon't hrol.. Pcrhirps. \lhat
B: A: B:
% 5
like this
so
hot
3
4
t"sr Tirrkq.
Semih,
#*nao *.ia&r
l.OO
6
Rca,
Ergland
OK
nt
knol.'
\\hen
lole then ...
favourite uorrls in Flnqlish are'1ou
bccause theljre verl useful ruorcls. t'ou are nr)t sure s'hrt to silv you can
use thcm to
fill in a scntcnce and ther,'re
g,,,,,1rr,rrrl. 1ugirt rurr tirn.r.ijrlt vou can tl-rink ahout, volr cen concentrate on
1,n
Oh look. Herels nrr floor.
wl-rat you are thinking and mirvbc th difTerent itle:rs, vou Inorri
jnk of
#aooo *:# ,.o7
7
%:.sr 2
I don't lcroui
For tnc, mlr f;vourite 1'ords in English are a\r'esome :rntl legerrclan'. I don't knrxv u.hlbccause u.hen I s'.n'ases.lre or lcgenclan'it rnlkes nre feel happr-.
hot.
A: Ob. B: \\'ell, I heve to q'o. i\-ice to trlk to vou. A: \'cs, yes. B: Groodbr,'e. I
\4'ell
else?
vornli thcn. I quess \1lu \r'ere. \4'clJ, it uas that. .. Reallv. \'cs. I l.rrs in
rn1.
favourite rvorcl.
4
A: Ninrtcrn.r\erl\-\i\ il \\ir.. B: I don't re'.rllv renrcnrber, T nas quitc ...
19.1.1.
\r the bcginninE;, tJre inventors rrade evert' eclition oltl'reir garne bv hand. Neither gamc \\ irs icccllted bt to1' corrpirnies at first. 'l her s,rid tl-rrrt Ilor.ropolv u,as too complicatc(l1 rntl th'rt noboclr noLrld bc intcrcsted in
$erther is gorgcous ancl so it bccarre
.irttc ... :irrr't tlte nirtctcr'rr :(\(ntie\.
ln
1929 m:rn1' people in thc Llnitctl Statcs suddenlv lost the ir jobs.'l'his \\'as the bcqinrlinq of u'hat Alrericans call thc Circ:rt Dcprcssion, lnd it lasted firr about four t,elrs. f-)ulir.rg the Circat Deprcssion, turc of the most fimous board sarnes in tl.re world u,ele inlentecl: \Ionopoly and Scrabblc. \\hilc thc gillles are r en different, the storr, behind elcl-r onc is
Sorn'to rush off.'Iilk later,
2 A: Phcv.. Isn't it hot? B: Hmrl. Sorn-? A: T said. :isn't it hoti B: \-es. \'es. \'en' l-rot. A: I can't lernerrbcl e srurlner Yes.
Ls+ l)ieeo, Itah' Thcrc arc a lot of vcn- intct:cstirlg words in Finglish. Mv far.ouritc u.ord is fbr eranple
%t.ao
B:
r.as
%z"ss
B: A: Cooclbve.
% srr
Scrabblc.
Soldi \'ep.
oK? OK. Bve.
r ords connected to cor]rputers firr
e\ilrlll)lc rllOr.r\e lrl'l \ il
in
B: A:
tl'rere.
r\rthur, l'rance
C\:Cnrolle-
clisc is?
A: B:
1
so1cl.
There are otl-rer u,avs too..\bblevi:rtions, fbr examplc, arc i1 cofnrnon uav of mlkinpi ncu' u'olcls. Do vou know r'r.hat a digital versatile
A: irr
%
%
rnrde.
B:
5 A: l\ras there anvtl-ring elsel B: No ... I dor.r't thinl so. A: A1l right. \bu crn pat. over B: 'll-ranlis. Bt'e. A: Bye.
Cur., Ensland One of m'" favoultc
lnrds in English
is
knol., T l
lrarnron,''. I think it'.s e nicc rvord, it's gor e nicc souncl to it. I Iihe the stmcnrrc of the u,,r,l. I rlrirrL the iderr rltirt it lelrn5r'nr\ ilrc r.ery positive, llhcthcr I'ou rre telLing about rlusic:ll hirrnron\', or rr:tistic harnonv, or l-rarnron."' u,Jren people r.orli toq-ethcr u.ell or unclcrstand each other u.ell. r\nd I think
B:
probabll'therc! a sirnilar r,ord in rnanl'
T
-a'rzs
OI(, bve. \\'ell, I think th',rt's it. I'es, I'll scnd Br-c.
tl-re enr:ril.
other languages, so itls a uorcl tlrat people understancl quitc casilr'.
a
lot of
\ilacn-riIlan Iiducatiolr Bcnveen Tou'ns Road, Orfrrrd OX'+ IPP A dir.ision of n4acrnillan Publishcrs Limited Companies and rcprescntatives throughout the worlcl
ISBN 978-0-210,03309-2 '-[bxt O Lir-rdsay Clandl]eld & Am:rnde Jeffries 2010
Design:rnd illustration O i\facrnillan Publishers Limited 2010
E,rnma Dorninguez (Acadelric Snrdies Managlcr:, The Anglo N'Iericer Iiouncla tion, Ilexico Cifi,', N,{ cri co) ; Kat'a rzyna Ro gtliiska-Ge j eu'ska (Archibald, \Ararsar', Poland); ,\'Ialgorzata WoZniah, Dorota Pachv'iccr'vicz-,
Aenieszka Kilancx'sl
First published 2010 AII rigl-rts rescr-ved; no part of tl-ris publication uray bc reprocluced, stolccl in a retrieval systcm, tl"ansmitted:in anv fbrm, or bY any means, electrcrric, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or othem'ise, u'ithout thc prior written pernrission of the publishers.
\hlieva (The Tntcrnation:rl Languai;e School'Dcnis
School', -l{oscor', Russi':r); Kalen l)ver, Cathy Harris, Frank HodgLins (lnternational l{ousc, Madrid, Spain); Carlos'liueba (E.C).1 \lllave rde, ,\'Iadrid, Spain); Patricia Plaza Arrcgui (E.O.I. -\[alagr, Spain); i\"Iaria -. Esthcr Alvarez Rico (E.O.I. Sagunto, \ialencia, Spain); Burcr.r'lbzcan Unal (Bilgi Unir-crsin', Istanbul, Tirrkev); Dr. E Ilke Buvukduman (Ozvcgin University, Istrnbul, Turkel); Saralr Sharv (The British Council, Chiang
Mri, Thailand); Aomboon Burutphahdee Original dcsign br- Barbara N'lercer ar"rd I{atie Stephens Page layout bv e,VIC Design Limited Illustrated b1'Jonathan Burton, Peter Harper, Clelia Hert, Robin Lau'ric and eMC Desiqn Picnrre research bl' Salllt Cole, Persevcrance \4rorks Limited Cover desig;n by 13arbar:r X{elcer C)or-er photograph used b-v permission of the A"Iuseun of the History'of Scicnce, gnll'g15itv of C)rford/Keiko Ikcuchi Auth or'.s acknorvlcdlicmcn ts
First and fbremost, I rvould like to thank Rafael Alarcon-Claeta for his support and nurturing oftl'ris projcct from the vcrv bcginning. The tearn vorking on Global har-e all done an incrcdible job. |,ft. gratitude to NTick Sbeard, Stephanie Parker, StisVatland and Barbara Ilercel for constantlv risir-rg to the challer-rges this booL presented and coming ort on top cverv 5i1glg tirne. N{:rnv thanks rlso to Selina Hansen for hcr comnents ancl hclp on the rnanuscript. A lot of the inspiration lbr tl-ris book camc frorn the hundrecls of terchers I'vc had the chancc to rneet arour-rd the vorld. Tl-ris rvould not have been possible without the help of the tireless people at Xlacrnillan uficr organised rnv trips and gave me insipllrt into thc countries I u'as visiting.
This book is dedicatecl to mv cl-rildlen Lucas ancl N'Iarcos, whose curiosifi about lif-e and er-cq-thing has been very motivating to nle :ls an tutbor. 'l'he euthor and publisl-rers v.ould like to thank ell the teachers :rnd consultants rvho have pilotecl ar-rd rcviervecl the matcrial. Particular thanks go to the fbllou.irtei people: Antlrea C6rdova, Susanl Flores (Alg1o Multimeclia School of Englisli, Haedo, Bucnos Aires, Argentina); ,\4a. Cristina Ntaggi, trIa. Cristina Bucro cle Chintor (Friends' School of English, Aclrogu6, Buenos Ailes, Argcntina); r\'Iitta Zarnpini, Aldana l\ncholena, Elizabeth Rainierr, X'Ia. Soledad D. X'lar-rgiarotti, Parnela Sabrine Pecorelli (IECI, I Iacdo, Buenos Aires, Algentirra); Alejandlo Jorge Listrari (Cultural Inglcsa de Palcrrltt, Ciudad Aut6noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina); Lilian Itz.icovitch Lcventhal (Poter-rtial/ Colegio I.L.Peretz, Sio Paulo, Brazil); Ana,\'Iaria r\Iiranda ((iultula Inglesa Ribeirio Preto, Ribeirio Prcto, Brrzil); X{aga1i de N'lorres Menti (F'\CC{I' Escola Ntunicipal Lauro Roclrigues, Pol:to Alegrc, Br:rzil); Simone Samrcnto (PLTCRS, Porto Alegre, Blazil); Laula Lcc Lel-rto (Culrura Inglcsa, Fortaleza, Braz.il); \iviane Clristine Silva Grossklauss, A,nelice Sanclovetti (Culrura Inglesa Jundiai, Jundiai, Brazil); Cclia Aguiar clc Alnreida Costa (Cultura hrglesa tleJuiz de Fora, Brazil); Corina Celia Machatlo Cotrea (Associag:io Alunrni - SIo Paulo, l3rezrl);.Janc Clodu'in (-t'he Four, Sio Carlos, Brazil); Clarolinc Tbubia (The Holr, Fanill' School,
Aranv Shawkev, Heidi C)rnare (Macrlillan Publishers Ltd, Egl'pt) Caroline Fr'.rnz , l)ana Jelinkov:r (-Nf\iF{S Muer-rchncr \rolkshochschule, i\ilu-rich, Celrnanl); Irene Roclrig"rez, Havdee Clutierrez Palafox, Irntonio r\{orales de l'.r Barrera,.[avier Ramos de Hovos (Tl-re Anglo trlcxictn Founclation, Ilexico Ciq', Mcrico); \1ivilnlr (laruso de Curtius (freelalce :luthor and consultalt, i\'Iexico Ciw, Ilexico);
Jesuite , Egpt);
(Pa1'ap
gtti"..titr", Chiang Ilei,
'lhailand); thanks to: Nattinee K}tucansri, (Payap Lfniversitv-, Chiang- -N{ai, Thailend); Clauclir Edu'arcls (Lor-rdon Scl-rool of English, Lonclon, UK); SallvJor"res (Regent Oxford, Oxford, UK); Katherine Griggs (Communitv Enelish School C)xfirrclsl-rrre Ailult Learning, Oxfbrd, UI{). A speciel thank you toJtckie lrlalsall, Sarah P:rtersott lnd all the staffand stuilents at Eckerslci.', C)xfcrrd and Rcgcnt, Oxford fcrr all tl-reir hclp u'itl-r Global voices.
The authors and publishers vould [ke to th:ink the fbllov'ins for pcrnission to reproduce thcir photograpJrs: Cor.cr Credit: By permission of the Muserun of thc Historr of Science, University of Oxfbrd/T(ciko Ikeuchi. rUarnr'/.Jol-rn,\rnold Images pp l 4(r),'18(tmr), Alamr',N.Boltl p99(tr), Alamr'/PDazclcv p85(b), Alemy/Mery Evans p8 1(t), Alemy/PGibbs p l2 1(t), ,\hnr1/S&R Greenhrll p I 24, Nanv/PHorree p3 0(bl), iUanrv/ Inr ascbroker pp2 a(d), -5 0(l), Alamv/Lnafiestlte pp82, I 2 2 (bl), Nanrr'/ isifi Lrraee Scn'ice s.r.o p100, t\lamry'Lortlprice Collectior-r p21(br), Alamv/hin NIas p11, Alamy/.J.tr"Iarshall/'Iiibaleve Images p9'l(b), Narnr-/
N:rgelstocli p96(bm), Alamv,North \\rind Picturc Archive p'I5,,\Iatnr'/C Pearsrll p98Qrr), AlanVC.Pefl ey p2 1 (tr), Alanrv/C.Richaldson p2'1(e), Aiamy/\-ario Inages GrnbH & Co K.G pp26(m1), 37(l), Nrrnl'/N.\'erekcr p50(n'rl), Alemr'/CckN{ \d'erner p79(rnr), r\larrv{.\A/est p62(r), A1emry'H. \\restheim Photographv p106(t); Banrnastock pp1 7(b), 59(tl), ,59(trn), 59(bm), 137; Brand X pp1 03(7), 1 10(1t), I I3, 1'13; Constock p I 1O(bm); Corbis/K.Cl.Amrstrons p+6(br'), Corbis/Atlantidc Pl-rototravel p96(nl), Corbis/C.Barrie/Reuters p'18(t), Corbis/BBC p56, Corbis{.Becden p95(rr), Corbis/ llettmenn Archir.e pp6(br'),23(bl)' l8(rn1),'+60n), 1't5' Colbis/'lBognar p1'+7(b1), ClorbisA\iBossen/Stock tl-ris \Vav p73, Corbis/ Bursein (lollection p30(br), Corbis/FlCevallos p91(b), Corbis{'Coohe p72, Corbis/R.Eshcl p106(brnr), Corbis/Envision p126(b), Corbis/R.Iraris p7a(ml), Colbis/R.Clalbraith p84(b), Corbis/G'HalI p71(b), Corbis/P. llardy p131, Colbis/D.Houser p86(br), Corbis/Hulto:r Deutsch ppi 1(b), 8 1 (bt, 9 1 (t), Corbis{ agrileesh/Reuters p5 5 (1), Cor:bis/L.Lef-kori'itz p96(br), Clorbis/T.Levir.re/Zcfrr pt33(t), Corbrs/P.l,issec/Godong- p8'+(t), Clorbis/l'.McGuire p67(t), Corbis/n,I.Nicl.rolson p23(br), Clolbis/S.Oskar/ Zefar p86(tl), Clorbis/A.Pcisi/Ze[a pt'{(ni1, Corbis/C)'[]rien Procluctions pi,+(rnl), Corbis/L.Psihovos p6B(m), Corbis/A.Reclprth p122(tr), Corbis/\T.Saror.rJ' p33(b), Corbis/D.Scott p2'l(1), Corbis{.Sohrn,\risions of Amcrica p3 1(t), Corbis/P.Souclers pp30(tl), '18(b), Corbis/Stock l)hotos p20; Corbis RF pp16,2'1(c), 10.1(9), 106(tm), 106(bD, 106(hrnl), 106(lm), 1'19, 151(t); Digital Stock p92(t1); Digital \rision p1I2; Fotolibrrr/D. Breed p3 (h), Fotolibr:r/G.Hcadley p9'l(m), Fotoli bra/EKal p 1 3 5 (rn), Fotolibre{.Rich p120(t); Clualdian Neu's & Medie Ltd 2006/CJt.rhnston p55(r); Cietn- L-nages/AFP p96(t), Ciettv/Aurtrra p10(l), Gettr'y'C:rr Culnrre p1 19(t), Gctty-/DK Imrges p28, Cettv lnases Entertainrnent p'17(1), Gctn /Ga o Ina ges pp42 (tl), 99(tm), Gctw/T.(lipstein p7 B(t), (ictn'/ Flola Trnages p6(tr), Getq./Hulton Archive pp18,9-l(l), 10UG), l l8kl), -5
I I
Gettl,,N.Enrncrson pB6(bJ), Getoy'Iconica pp6(m), 2 6(r), 1 08(b), 1 2 2 G1), (ietty/r\4.Lrnnen p128(t), Gettr,'/S.XlcAllister p5[3, Getty Images Neu,s p 1 3, Getq-/Photo gra ph ers Choice pp 5 0(nrr), 60(1), 7 8 (b), G cty/Photonica pp7, 12,3aO, .{8(tnl), Getty/Report':rge p50(r'), Getty/Retrofile/FPG
Noted
p35(b), Gctty/\A,lSmitl.r p21(tl), Gcttry'Stone pp6(tl), 34(l), 6il(b), 71(t), 81(bl), 88, 102, Gettl'/Taxi pp6(bl), s9(ml), 7a(1), 71(r),79(\),86(tr), 121(b), Cletn'/The hnage Ba:rk ppZ2(b), l6G), 70, 98(rnl), 109, 122(br), Cicts'/ l'irne & Lili Pictures p106(trnl); Lnagc Sourcc pp17(t),25, 52,64, 83(rnr), 85G), 98(r), 1 03 (3), 1 03(8), 1 3 5(b), 1 5 1 (b); Joshua'Ilee Photoglaphy pp 9, I 0G), 19(rortraits), 42(b,r), 43, 4'+, 60(b), i33(t1); Kobal Collection/ Ar glo Enterprise/\'inc1'arcl p'I7(r); Lonelv Planet hnages/R.IiAnsor.r p90(t), Lonelv Plan etlC.Policl-r p'I8(bmr); X{acmill an Publishers LtdlP Briclnell p103(6); NIar1' Evans pp23Qrl), I18(b), 118(lt, I,fervEvans/
'I'he author and publishers are grateful for pennission to reprint the follorvir-rg copvligl-rt rnaterial: Extract from 'Six Degrees of Seperation' b1'John Guare, copyright @John Guarc 1999, reprinted by permission of trIethuen Drama, an imprint of A&C Black Publishers Ltd. Extract fron 'The Beacl-r' bv Alex Garland, copright O Alcx Garland 1997, leprir"rted b1. pennission of Riverhead l3ooks, an imprint of Peneuin Group (USA) Inc. for website and printed \Vorld rights, excludir"rg EEC & UI{ territories. Audio and printed rights for territories EEC & UK acquired from Andrelv Nurrberg Agcnq.. Adaptccl rnatcrial frorn ''l'he Book Of Lists' by A.ny \drallace and David Wallecl-rinsk1,, copvright O Amv \lrallace and David \4'allechinslq', first published in Great Britain br Canongatc Books Ltd., 1.1 IIigh Street, Edinburgh, EHI 1TE, reprintcd by permission of the publisl-rer. Poem - 'Routine' by Stuart Doggctt, reprinted bv pennission ofdre author. F,xtracted rnaterial from'Iixplorine Confort Food Preferences Across Age and Gender' copr..right O Elsevicr Sciencc 2003, reprinted by pernission of the publisl-rer. Extract from "I'his nuch I knorv: Rajeshu'ari Singh: Call-centre operator, 20, Dclhi' bl A.rnelia Gentlernan, copyright @ Arnelia Gentleman 2006, first published inTl-re Guardian 26.11.06, reprinted bvpermission of the publisher. Extract frorn 'Six Degrees of Separation' byJohn Guare, copyright O John Guare 1990, replinted bv pennission oflnternational Creative -i\{anaeerncnt, lic. USA. Extract fron retolcl r.ersion of 'Frankenstein'bl Nlargaret Tirrner for Macmillan Readers, copr.'right O r\,largaret Tirner 2005, reprinted by pernission of the publisher. Extract frorn retold version of 'The Picturc of Dorian Gra/ by F,H.Comish for A,Iacrnillan Re:rders, copyright O F-.H.Cornish 2005, reprinted bv pernission of the publisl-rer. Material lrom'Brave New \\/ords' by Kerry N1axrvell, copl,.right @ Kerrv Maxu'ell 2007, reprinted by perrnission of the audror. Adaptecl material frorn'Tiade Secrets: Food & Drink' byAlex:rndra Fraser, copvright @ Alexandra Fraser 1999, reprintcd by pemission of (lrion Non-fiction, an imprint of C)rion Publishing Gloup, Londor"r. Extract from'Hig-h Fidelity' by NicL Hornby,', copyright @ Nrck Hornby 199,t, reprintccl bv pennission of Penglin Group UK. Material from article 'The \tr/crrstJobs in Science 2007' byJason Daley. Screenplay Exccrpt from'Bram Stoker's l)racula'copl,right @ 1992 Colurnbia Picturcs Inclustries, Inc. All Rights Reserved, courtesy of Columbia Pictures. Material from article' Concerned Citizens' published in Education Citizcnship and SocialJustice byAssociate Professor Cathie Holden at Llniversity ofExeter, copt'right O Cathie Holden 2006, reprinted by permission of the author. Fitter Heppier \Vcrrcls and n4usic by Thornas Edward Yorke, Jonathan Richard, Gu1. Gr""nwood and Dan Rickrvood. l\'/arner/Ch:rppell Music Lirnited (PRS). All Rights Rcserwed. \A,te are very grateftil to Andy Price for generously allou.ing us to interoierl' lrirn rrrJ include extractr ofhis nruric.
Lnagno p2 3 (tr); A,Iasterfile,N.Hcndricksen p62(l), Masterfile{erz1'tvorks p62(mr), ,\'Iasterfile/X{.Roman p62(rnl), I1[oodboard p106(br); I{otorine Picture Librarypp 118(a), 11U(g), 118(1), 119(b); Nanrrepl/A.Sands p92(m1), Nanrrepl{.Freur.rd p95(b); Panos Pjctures/G.Akash p59(r), Panos Picrures,/T.Der-l'en p 1 20(l), Panos/Ci .Pirozzi p22 (l); Reproduced 11' permission of Penguin Books Ltd cover of The Beech by Alex Garland (First published bv \tLing 1996, Penguin Books 1997) copvright O Alex Garland, l()()6,p95; cover of Hilih F'ideliw by Nick Hornbv (Pengtin Bools Ltd, 2000) copyright O NicL Hornby, 2000, p37; Photoalto pp 59(n), I 03(4), 103(5); Pl.rotodisc pp83(rn), 92(trn), 92(trnl), 92(br), 92(tr), 92(tmr), 92(bm), 92(bl); Photolibrary Ciroup/age fbtostock pp48-49(b), 8a(rn), 92 (bl), I 05 (l), 47(r), Photolibrary/Arcangel hneges pp3 5(0, 1
1.17(tl),
Photolibran'/Xl.Bail
p3
3
(t), Photolibrary'IFA-Bilderteam
Pl-rotolibrarv/Producticrrs Burke/Ti-iolo p24(b), Photolibrary/ I)igitel Vision p9B(1), Photolibrary/F-1 Online p1 07(l), Photolibrarl'/ Flirt Collcction p60(t), Photolibrary/B.Foubert p2 1 (m), Photolibrarrr/ Fresh Food Lnages pp 1 03 (2), 1 2 8(b), Pl.rotolibrarry'D.I Iurst p3 5 (b), Photolibrary/In'ragestate p-57, Photolibraa.{TB photo pp19(m), p34(tm), 3 5(e), Photolibrary'/G.I(i rk p I 9(t), Photolibrary/R.Llervelll.n Photolibrarr'/f'.de Ling/Time Out p26(mr), Photolibrary,Nonstock .]upiter Imag^es p83 (b), PhotolibrarVC)xford Scientifi c pp99(tl), 105(m), Photolibraryy'Photocuisine p 103 (1), Photoliblary/Phototake Science pp127,72(), Photolibrarv/A & G Reporter pa8ftml), Photolibraryy'H. Rice p24(a), Photolibrary/B.Rober:t p32(m), Photolibraryy'SG-\'I p3 5(c); Photoshot p26(l), Photoshot/bilderlrunge p135G), Photosho{.Blackler p6 1, Photosl-rot/P. Seheult p3 (d), Photoshot/Tetra Images p3 2 (t), Pl.rotshot/\drpN p14(mr), Photoshot/\Vorld Pictures p96(bl); Plainpicture/ Briljans p59(br), Plainpicorc{ohncr p93(tr'), Plair.rpicture/G.Ler.rz p5.1, Plainpicture/C).Boe p 1.1(l); Press Association/AP Photo/K.Kasa'hara p106(mbJ); Prestw'ick House Litemrv Touchstone Cllssics: The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscer \\tlde, Cover Desigln by Larry Knox, copyrieht O 2005 b_v Prcstu.ick House, Inc. rer.ised 2007. Reprinted by perrnission. A1l rights resen'ed.p33(tr); Rex Features pp120(rn), 126(t), Rex/X{.L.Altonelli p,10, ReVM.Bjorlcnan p3 5(g), Rcx/C.S.U Archivc/Flvcrctt ppa6(t), 69(t), Rex./Everett Collection pp3 6(bl), I 80), 90(bl), Rex/S.N'l eddle p3 5(a), Rex/X'Iirarnax/Everett p3 B(mr), Rex/Par:rmount/Everett p49(t), Rex,4. Pepler p 1 2 I (rn), Rcx/Sonv Pictures/Everett p3 8(r); Robert I larding/ f)ccidor p90(br); Rubberball p83(lb); SallvMais Photographv p-36(br); Science Photo Libr:aw p116, Science Photo Librarv4.Daugherty p105(t), Science Photo Library/Gusto Images p110(t), Science Photo Librarlr/G. Kidd p110(br), Science Photo Library'/tr{.Kul1'k p2.l(1), Science Photo Librarr,-/P.Psaila p68(t); The '\rt Archivc/A.'lus6c du Lour.re Paris/Gianni Dagli Orti p93(tl), Arti\rchive/Mus6e cl'Orsay Paris/Alfreclo Daeli Orti p3 1(trn), The Art Archir-c/Egyptian Museum Cairo/Gianni Dagli Orti p2 5,
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pl2(b), Thc,{tt Archir.c/X4usco dcJ 1tmplo Mavor Mexico/Gianni Dagli Orti p3 0(bm), T'hc Art Archive/National Gal l en' Lor-rdon/Eileen Tweedy p3 1(brn); Dr L.,J. Reed, The Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psvchiatry London p67(b); Topfoto/The Granger Collection pp 1 1 8(e), 1 1 8 (c), Topfoto/R.\'oillet p I 07(r); \4,-ellcome Libre4' London p 1 0,1; rult'.csglins.corn, madc inJapan b.v Scishin Togei Inc,distributed by
p 1 1 4(t), tr{acmillan Reacler, Iirankenstein Corbis/llettmann p69(b). Cornrnissioned photographv bvJoshua Tiee Photography pp 27, 5 1, 7.5, 99 (portraits),123; Rogcr Scruton p1 15 (portrait)
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Printed in Thailand
2414 2A13 2012
1110 I B 7 6
2011 5
ISBN
978-0-230-03309-2
11ililt|ilililill]ilililt1
