_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} Xbf shpd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk ,Mknpdifeks$
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} Xbf shpd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Nä|dmk 3??:
=?0 _KI
Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk) Gk}ä Ixd} _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi+ Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk" .. Jxfefifgfsf) Gfi" 7 Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf) ]d}uhnf eh Xbdhs}defe Pdsuxfi) 3??:" 3:< p" 7 di" 1 36 mn" .. ,Fbæid}d} t jh}udýb jh}udýb mxiuxsfi$ Cdcidkjsf`îf7 p" 3=6.35= Dbmixth jik}fsdk h îbedmh} D]CB 4:?.3:.6?4=.0 6" _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi.Nä|dmk" 3" Jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" D" Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefif. gfsf" ]d}uhnf eh Xbdhs}defe Pdsuxfi DD" Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk) Gk}ä Ixd}" mknp" DP" ]hsdh"
Mkihmmdýb7 Fbæid}d} t jh}udýb mxiuxsfi"
]d}uhnf eh Xbdphs}defe Pdsuxfi
¤ 3??:) Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf ]d}uhnf eh Xbdhs}defe Pdsuxfi H}mxhif Ndidufs eh Fdfmdýb 60 Mki" Ifesýb eh Jxhfsf M_ 550??) Jxfefifgfsf) Gfid}mk Uhi"+@f|7 =0=?.6555+58 t =0=?.??<8 zzz"xejdsuxfi"xej"n| ]h psklîch if shpskexmmdýb ukufi k pfsmdfi eh h}uf pxcidmfmdýb) }x usfufndhbuk db`ksnæudmk) if usfb}nd}dýb eh mxfi. vxdhs `ksnf k pks mxfivxdhs nhedk) tf }hf hihmusýbdmk) nhmæbdmk) pks `kukmkpdf) pks shjd}usk x kusk} nhedk}) }db hi phsnd}k h|psh}k ehi uduxifs ehi mkptsdjlu" D]CB
Dnpsh}k t lhmlk hb Nä|dmk _sdbuhe fbe nfeh db Nh|dmk
Îbedmh _sýikjk
4
_sh}hbufmdýb
68
Dbuskexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t n kehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
64
Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
58
Gksjh Jkbwæihw ]æbmlhw _kiîudmf} _kiîud mf} eh db}udu db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb xmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
:=
Cifbmf Csfncdif Nhesfbk »If psknk mdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Sh ffi h|dkbh} }kcsh if pskn kmdýb eh if} if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
<:
Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk Eh}eh if MKBF@H " Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
6?:
Ý}mfs Nd}fhi Lhsbæbehw Lhsbæbehw Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} pkiîudmf} p÷c idmf}
634
Ixd} Jfcsdhi Lhsbæbehw Pfihbmdf ]kcsh ik} fxuksh}
658
Kusk} uîuxik} eh if mkihmmdýb XEJ Pdsuxfi
654
_sýikjk
Hi hb`kvxh mhbusfi eh ed}mx}dýb t h|pk}dmdýb hb _ KIÎUDMF] MXIUXSFIH]7 XBF XBF SHPD]DÝB SHPD]DÝB EH]EH IF IF JH]UDÝB JH]UDÝB MXIUXSFI h} cd`skbuh" Xb pxbuk eh if phs}phmudf h}) pshmd}fnhb. uh) hi pifbuhfndhbuk eh if bhmh}defe eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk) t hi kusk) bk nhbk} dnpksufbuh) }h hbmxhbusf hb hi dbuhbuk eh dehbud stmfmdýb t pk}dmdkbf. ndhbuk eh ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}" H}uh ekcih `shbuh) }dhbek bhmh}fsdk) dnpidmf xbf exfidefe hb ik} kcghudk}) ik vxh shexmh if} pk}dcdidefeh} eh fimfbwfs fi nhbk} xbk eh hiik} pfsf) eh}eh äi) ikjsfs hi kusk" ]db hncfsjk) if ehmd}dýb hb mxfbuk f psdksdefeh} hbush fnck} bk sh}xiuf `æmdi t pfshmh mkbexmdsbk} f xb mîsmxik dmdk}k vxh h} pshmd}k sknphs nhedfb. uh fbæid}d} pshmd}k} t psk`xbek}" »Vxä }h dbuhbuf7 h}ufcihmhs) psdnhsk) pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} dbmixthbuh} eh ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}1 k shmkbkmhs) fbuh}) fi fjhbuh mxi. uxsfi) pfsf vxh ä}uh }hf hi dbdmdfeks t pskpxjbfeks eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}; ]d sh}usdbjdnk} if ehstbdmdýb eh mxiuxsf fi lhmlk `xbefnhbufi mshfudk eh pskexmuk} mxiuxsfih}) hbukbmh}) ld}uýsdmfnhbuh) hi edihnf h} `fi}k" Xbf}) if} pk. iîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t kusk}) ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}) }kb mkbuhnpksæbhk}" Hi mshfeks) t vxdhbh} fpshmdfb t }h h|uf}îfb hb }x kcsf) }kb fi nd}nk udhnpk ik} psknkuksh} eh }x kcsf t eh if} mkbedmdkbh} eh }x ed`x}dýb" Hb h}uh uhsshbk ufb idndufek) næ} vxh pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} vxh mkbmdhsbfb fi pskexmuk mxiuxsfi) }h shvxdhshb db}uduxmdkbh} mkb }x} mkssh}pkbedhbuh} ihth}
4
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
shjifnhbufsdf} ufbuk ehi x}k) psh}hsfmdýb t usf}ifek ,mknhsmdfi k bk$ eh ik} pskexmuk} mxiuxsfih}) mknk eh if} fmuk} vxh f ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} ih} }kb phs. ndudek} pfsf shfidwfs h}uf} fmuddefeh}" Eh}eh h}uf phs}phmudf pkehnk} f stsnfs vxh bk ukef }kixmdýb shvxdhsh eh xbf pkiîudmf p÷cidmf" Xbf} hmh}) pksvxh hi xbdhs}k }kmdfi h} sh}usdbjdek) t kusf}) mkbusfedmuksdfnhbuh) pksvxh h} ufb fnpidk vxh xb ksehbfndhbuk vxhef. sîf hbmhssfek hb ik} iînduh} eh ik dbkphsfbuh h dbkphsfcih" Kcdfnhbuh) hi mkbmhpuk mxiuxsf udhbh }djbd stmfek} nftksh} t xbf pix. sfidefe shmkbkmdcih pks bhmh}defe" Mkb dbehphbehbmdf eh if eh stbdmdýb vxh }h ehmdef fpidmfsih) if mxiuxsf) næ} fiiæ eh ik mkbmhpuxfi) sfedmf hb if h}hbmdf nd}. nf eh xbf mknxbdefe lxnfbf ehuhsndbfef t mfsfmuhsdwf }x dehbudefe" H}uh lhmlk) psdnksedfi }db exef) fxbfek f }x mxfidefe pixsfi) bk} mkbexmh f if bhmh}defe eh pifbuhfs hbxbmdfek} p÷cidmk}) }xsjdek} eh if h|djhbmdf }kmdfi) vxh kcidjxhb f if fxuksdefe f h}ufcihmhs pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} vxh lfjfb pk}dcih if mkbdhbmdf f pfsuds t mkb `xbefnhbuk hb hi sh}phuk f if idcsh h|psh}ddefe mxiuxsfi) ufbuk edhs}f mknk dbeddexfi" Hi h}mhbfsdk pfsf hi pifbuhfndhbuk t if ed}mx}dýb ehch }hs fnpidk h dbmix. thbuh" Eh flî vxh sh}xiuh ikfcih vxh eh}eh if fmfehndf ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} }h pshkmxphb pks hi uhnf eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} hb hi mfnpk h}phmî stmk eh if mxiuxsf" If xbdhs}defe) stbfinhbuh t fi djxfi vxh if mxiuxsf) h} xbdhs}fidefe" Vxdhbh} hb hiif eh}fsskiifnk} bxh}usk phb}fndhbuk msîudmk bk pkehnk} }dbk lfmhsik cfgk hb`kvxh} xbdhs}fid}uf}" Sh}xiuf jsfuk) hbukbmh}) vxh hi jsxpk eh dbh}udjfeksh} mkksedbfek} pks Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk eh}eh if} usdbmlhsf} eh if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf }h hb`kvxh hb h}uh uhnf t vxh ik lfjf) }hj÷b pxheh fpshmdfs}h hb hi fbæid}d} eh ik} sh}phmudk} fsuîmxik}) mknk h|psh}dýb eh }x fmuduxe pshkmxpfef fmhsmf ehi nfbhgk jxchsbfnhbufi `sfbmfnhbuh dbek. ihbuh vxh }h lfmh eh ik mxiuxsfi t) h}phmîstmfnhbuh) eh if psh}hsfmdýb eh ik} pskexmuk} t nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} eh ik vxh mkbkmhnk} mknk mxiuxsf pkpxifs" Fbuh xbf }duxfmdýb eh bkufcih eh}fphjk eh if fxuksdefe hb hi f}xbuk) sh}xi. uf bfuxsfi vxh }h shmxssf fi h}uxedk eh if} pk}dcdidefeh} vxh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} udhbhb mknk mfxmh pfsf hbmkbusfsih }kixmdýb f ik} `hbýnhbk} eh}mxcdhsuk} t f ik} pskcihnf} vxh pifbuhfb" Eh}eh lfmh fsdk} fök} hi uhnf eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} lf mkcsfek d. jhbmdf hb hi fbæid}d} pkiîudmk eh Nä|dmk" ]db hncfsjk) mknk hb nxmlk} kusk}
6?
_sýikjk
ehcfuh} hb ik} mxfih} dbmxssdnk} ik} nh|dmfbk}) if ed}mx}dýb }h uksbf dbusf}mhb. ehbuh f mfx}f ehi fcx}k vxh }h lfmh ehi f}xbuk t) }kcsh ukek) eh if mkb`x}dýb vxh }xsjh ehi eh}mkbkmdndhbuk eh xbf eh stbdmdýb }hbmdiif t mifsf eh if nfuhsdf hb ed}mx}dýb" Xb }dnpih pskbxbmdfndhbuk p÷cidmk bk mkb}uduxth xbf pkiîudmf p÷cidmf) mknk pkehnk} hghnpidstmfs eh nfbhsf} nxt edhs}f}" Ehmds) pkbjfnk} pks mf}k) vxh if hexmfmdýb h} `xbefnhbufi pfsf hi eh}fsskiik }kmdfi eh Nä|dmk pk. esîf shpsh}hbufs if pshnd}f eh xbf pkiîudmf p÷cidmf k eh nxmlf}) phsk ä}uf} bk pf}fsæb ehi mfnpk nhsfnhbuh shuýsdmk }d bk }h fmknpföfb eh kusf} fsdf} fm. mdkbh} vxh phsndufb dnpihnhbufsif} hb xb midnf }kmdfinhbuh fpskpdfek" Eh nfbhsf jhbhsfi) xbf pkiîudmf h} xb db}usxnhbuk fendbd}usfudk vxh phs. nduh mkbkmhs if} pk}dcdidefeh} eh fmmdýb t ehmd}dýb ehbusk eh mdhsuk} iînduh} t cfgk mdsmxb}ufbmdf} mifsfnhbuh h}phmd stmfef}" Eh hiif ehsdfb ik} ksehbfndhb. uk} t if} shjifnhbufmdkbh} vxh phsndufb t hbmfxmhb }x kphsfuddefe" If} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}) kcdfnhbuh) }h mdsmxb}msdchb f if fendbd}usfmdýb p÷cidmf t udhbhb mknk kcghudk} ufbuk hi fbæid}d} eh if fmmdýb eh if} fxuksdefeh} hb xb mfnpk }kmdfi h}phmî stmk mknk hi h}ufcihmdndhbuk eh ik} pk}dcih} ehsskuh. sk} vxh lfcsæb eh }hjxds}h fi hghmxufs if} ehmd}dkbh} fmksefef}" Ik dnpksufbuh eh xbf pkiîudmf p÷cidmf) fehnæ} eh if h|djhbmdf dbusîb}hmf db}k}iftfcih vxh if mfsfmuhsdwf) h} vxh bk} phsnduf ehuhsndbfs }x h`hmuk hb ik} jkchsbfek}1 vxä sh}xiufek} }h fimfbwfsæb) nhedek} mkb dbedmfeksh} mkb}hb}xf. ek}1 t f usfä} eh vxä nhedk} }h mkb}hjxdsæb h}k} sh}xiufek}" _ks kcdk bk nhbmdkbfnk} vxh }h h}phsf eh ukef fmmdýb jxchsbfnhbufi vxh uhbjf xb h`hmuk eh }fud}`fmmdýb hb ik} jkchsbfbuh} nhedfbuh if }kixmdýb eh }x} pskcihnf}) phsk fehnæ} vxh ik lfjf pks nhedk} ihjîudnk} t pkmk kbhsk}k}" Eh}eh ixhjk) }h h}phsf eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}) k fi nhbk} ehch h}phsfs}h) vxh ehb }kixmdýb edshmuf f xb pskcihnf h}phmî stmk) ehuhsndbfek) }hihmudk) }hf k bk mkb}ushödek hb }x} fimfbmh} }kmdfih}" Ik} h`hmuk} eh ufih} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}) fxb }dhbek jhbhsfih}) ehchsæb k`shmhs mhsuhwf hb ik} mxs}k} eh fmmdýb f uknfs" ]kb shjif} ehi gxhjk ehnkmsæudmk1 ed}pk}dmdkbh} eh lhmlk `xbefnhbufef} hb hi Ehshmlk" Bk kc}ufbuh if bhcxik}f vxh if} skehf) pfshmh vxhefs mifsk vxh bk h|d}uhb nftksh} exef} hb mxfbuk fi fimfbmh ehi h}uxedk eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}) eh}eh }x pifbuhfndhbuk) fbæid}d} t hfixfmdýb lf}uf }x pk}uhsdks hghmxmdýb"
66
Bk }xmheh ik nd}nk mkb ik} fmuksh} vxh dbuhsdhbhb hb hi pskmh}k t) hb hi mf}k eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} mxiuxsfih}) hi pskpdk Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk) hb if} md. uf} vxh lfmh eh fsdk} fxuksh} ,Csxbbhs) Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd t Iýphw Udsfek) hbush kusk}$ }h shsthsh f edhs}f} nkefidefeh} eh fmuksh} mxiuxsfih}) fijxbk} eh hiik} hb `sfbmf kpk}dmdýb nxuxf sh}phmuk f ik} kcghudk} vxh) eh}eh if phs}phmudf eh }x dbuhsä} pfsudmxifs) ehchb uhbhs ufih} pkiîudmf}" _ks hghnpik) Iýphw Udsfek) xbf hw eh stbdek} ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}) fmxeh f if ehuhmmdýb eh mxfusk eh hiik}) mxtf bfuxsfihwf t stbh} bk pkesîfb }hs næ} ed. `hshbuh}7 if Djih}df) hi H}ufek) if dbdmdfudf psdfef t if }kmdhefe mddi" Bk sh}xiuf h|usfök) hbukbmh}) vxh hb if} }îbuh}d} vxh pifbuhf Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk phsnhh hi dnpfmuk dehkiýjdmk vxh mfef xbk eh h}uk} fjhbuh} lfmh eh if mxiuxsf t eh }x} pskexmuk} t nfbd`h}ufmdkbh}" Fvxî sfedmf hi psdbmdpfi phidjsk hb hi shvxhsdndhbuk eh xbf pkiîudmf p÷cidmf vxh }h fpidvxh f if mxiuxsf" If dbeh stbdmdýb sh}phmuk f }x} pskpý}duk} t eh}psk. pý}duk}) }kcsh ukek eh}eh if phs}phmudf eh if fmxiuxsfmdýb) eh bk sh}kihs}h bk }ýik if lfsîf dbkphsfcih) }dbk h} vxh mkb ffidmudf hb jsfek }xnk" Hi uhnf mkncdbfek ,mxiuxsf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}$ h} fpf}dkbfbuh" Eh flî vxh nh }dhbuf kcidjfek f }höfifs vxh bk pshuhbek }hbufs uh}d} fijxbf" Fi mkbusf. sdk) fpskhmlk if kmf}dýb vxh nh efb eh pskikjfs h}uh uh|uk pfsf pfsudmdpfs hb xb ehcfuh vxh h}phsk }hf fnpidk h dbmixthbuh t fi mxfi pshuhbek fpksufs nd pxb. uk eh d}uf msîudmk t kcghudk) lf}uf ekbeh pxheh }hsik xbf psh}xbmdýb phs}kbfi" Mknpfsuk if pshkmxpfmdýb h}hbmdfi) fxbvxh bk }dhnpsh h|piîmduf) eh ik} fx. uksh} ehi idcsk7 pks phmfek eh knd}dýb) hi pfusdnkbdk mxiuxsfi eh ik} nh|dmfbk} }h lf ehuhsdksfek t }h hbmfndbf f if h|udbmdýb fc}xsef" Xsjh) pxh}) shjifnhbufs hb if nfuhsdf h db}uduxmdkbfidwfs ik} mxs}k} eh fmmdýb" Uhsndbk shmkbkmdhbek if mfidefe eh ik} usfcfgk} eh Cifbmf Csfncdif Nh. esfbk) mxtf h|psh}dýb ’pkiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb„) hb }x mf}k sh`hsdef f if ihmuxsf) nh pfshmh nxt fmhsufef" Vxhefb pks dbh}udjfs if} sfwkbh} vxh lfb dnphedek vxh if} db}uduxmdkbh} pks hiif nhbmdkbfef}) }dhbek ik} csfwk} kphsf. eksh} eh xbf ’pkiîudmf„) bk lfb fsskgfek ik} sh}xiufek} h}phsfek}" F}dnd}nk) eh}eh }x h|phsdnhbufef phs}phmudf Gksjh F" Jkbwæihw ]æbmlhw bk} pskpksmdkbf mifsdefe }kcsh if db ffixhbmdf eh if mdchsbäudmf hb if mxiuxsf t hb if pskpfjfmdýb t ed`x}dýb eh if db`ksnfmdýb mknk ehuhsndbfbuh eh if} fmmdkbh}
63
_sýikjk
mxiuxsfih} hb h}uf cdhb iifnfef hsf ehi mkbkmdndhbuk t hb xb h}mhbfsdk eh jik. cfidwfmdýb fpfcxiifbuh" ]db exef ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} }h hbmxhbusfb hbush ik} mkbjiknhsfek} næ} xibhsfcih} eh if }kmdhefe nh|dmfbf" If psk`xbedefe h}pdsduxfi eh }x} mxiuxsf}) edhs}f} t pixsfih}) ih} lf phsndudek sh}d}uds mdbmk }djik} eh fmk}k} usfb}mxiux. sfih}) phsk ufncdäb ik} lf mkbexmdek f if nfsjdbfidefe cfgk hi pshuh|uk eh xbf nfihbuhbedef nkehsbdefe" Fmhsufefnhbuh Ixd} Jfcsdhi Lhsbæbehw Pfihbmdf dbmxs}dkbf hb h}uh uhsshbk t ik lfmh eh}eh if ÷bdmf usdbmlhsf ihjîudnf7 if eh`hb. }f" Sh}xiufb pks ehnæ} dbuhsh}fbuh} }x} cshh} kc}hsfmdkbh} }kcsh hi }xpxh}uk }dbmshud}nk ,bk h|hbuk eh mdhsuk ’}hmshud}nk„$ hbush if }dnckikjîf eh if} `h}udd. efeh} dbeîjhbf} t }x} hvxdfihbmdf} hb if} eh if Djih}df Mfuýidmf" _ks }x pfsuh) Ý}mfs Nd}fhi Lhsbæbehw bk} dbuskexmh hb hi fmuxfs t sfwýb eh }hs ehi Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk ,M KBF@H$) xbf eh if} db}ud. uxmdkbh}) k fjhbuh mxiuxsfi) næ} shihfbuh} eh Nä|dmk) ik vxh fpskhmlf pfsf fehbusfs}h hb hi h}uxedk mknxbdufsdk) }db exef xb mfnpk eh fbæid}d} mxiuxsfi eh dbkcghufcih} dnpksufbmdf t }djbd stmfmdýb" @dbfinhbuh) h} bhmh}fsdk shmkbkmhs hi usfcfgk eh Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskw. mk) bk }ýik mknk mkksedbfeks ehi idcsk _ KIÎUDMF] MXIUXSFIH]7 XBF XBF SHPD]DÝB SHPD]DÝB EH]EH IF JH]UDÝB MXIUXSFI) }dbk mknk fxuks eh if dbuskexmmdýb t eh xb fsuîmxik dbuhsh}fbuh }kcsh xb uhnf vxh hb Jxfefifgfsf h}phmî stmfnhbuh t f if d}uf eh if dbuhb}f dbndjsfmdýb vxh lf }x`sdek hb ik} ÷iudnk} hdbudmdbmk fök}) mkcsf hbksnh dn. pksufbmdf7 if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}"
GK]Ä IXD] IHFI ] FBFCSDF _sh}dehbuh eh Hi Mkihjdk eh Gfid}mk Wfpkpfb) Gfid}mk) kmuxcsh eh 3??:
6=
65
_sh}hbufmdýb
Hb hi Db}uduxuk eh Jh}udýb ehi Mkbkmdndhbuk t ehi Fpshbedwfgh hb Fncdhbuh} Pds. uxfih} ehi ]d}uhnf eh Xbdhs}defe Pdsuxfi eh if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf) }h h}uæ mkb`ksnfbek xb jsxpk eh usfcfgk ehedmfek f if i f dbh}udjfmdýb eh if jh}udýb ehi mkbkmdndhbuk t eh if mxiuxsf" Pfsdk} eh }x} pskthmuk} udhbhb u dhbhb mknk kcghuk eh dbh}udjfmdýb h|piîmduk f if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) æncduk eh }xnf dnpksufbmdf pfsf if jhbhsfmdýb eh bxhk mkbkmdndhbuk) mkb îf} f if mkb}usxmmdýb hpd}uhnkiýjdmf eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi mknk mfnpk fmfeändmk nxiuded}mdpidbfsdk" Hb h}uh pskmh}k eh eh stbdmdýb hpd}uhnkiýjdmf) lfcsæ vxh ed`hshbmdfs hb. ush dbh}udjfmdýb hb if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi h dbh}udjfmdýb eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" If psdnhsf dnpidmf if fpidmfmdýb eh mkbmhpuk} t nhukekikjîf} mdhbuî stmf} pfsf hi h}uxedk eh fij÷b `hbýnhbk) bhmh}defe k pskcihnf }kmdkmxiuxsfi) mkb hi stb eh eh}msdcdsik t h|pidmfsik pfsf pifbuhfs xbf pskpxh}uf eh dbuhshbmdýb" 6 If }hjxbef mkbiihf uhbhs mknk kcghuk eh h}uxedk f if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) h}uk h}) hi fbæid}d} eh if} psæmudmf}) mkbmhpuk}) nhukekikjîf} t ed}mxs}k} eh ik} fjhb. uh} vxh ed}höfb) kphsfb t hfi÷fb if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi" 6 F ed`hshbmdf eh kusk} psk`h}dkbd}uf} ehi fbæid}d} }kmdfi) mknk ik} fbuskpýikjk}) }k. mdýikjk}) hmkbknd}uf}) hum") hi jh}uks mxiuxsfi bk }ýik fbfidwf if shfidefe pfsf hbuhbehsif) }dbk vxh eh}eh }x pifbuhfndhbuk nhukekiýjdmk ehch h|pidmfsif h dehbudstmfs mktxbuxsf} vxh phsndufb pifbuhfs pskthmuk} eh dbuhshbmdýb"
68
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb if ÷iudnf eämfef) ik} fmfeändmk} dchskfnhsdmfbk} lfb shksdhbufek if ndsfef f if} psæmudmf} t ed}mxs}k} eh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} t pfxifudbfnhbuh ik} lfb dek mkbdsudhbek hb kcghuk eh h}uxedk) mkbusdcxthbek fi pskmh}k eh fmf. ehndwfmdýb eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" ]db hncfsjk) hb h}uh pskmh}k f÷b `fiuf xbf pfsudmdpfmdýb næ} fmudf eh ik} jh}uksh} pfsf vxh) eh}eh }x ýpudmf t h|phsdhbmdf) fpksuhb hihnhbuk} pfsf hi fbæid}d} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Ik} fxuksh} vxh pfsudmdpfb hb h}uh idcsk udhbhb xbf ekcih mxfidefe7 pks xbf pfsuh) }kb fmfeändmk} vxh }h ehedmfb f if dbh}udjfmdýb1 pks kusf) }kb jh}uksh} vxh eh}eh edhs}k} æncduk} eh eh}hnphök psk`h}dkbfi ,dbh}udjfmdýb) psknk. mdýb t ed`x}dýb) pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) hum"$) ndsfb t lfcifb eh}eh t pfsf if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi1 mkb xb edæikjk fcdhsuk f kusk} psk`h}dkbd}uf} t fmfeändmk}) pshuhbehb mknpfsuds fijxbf} shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi t }x} dnpidmfmdkbh} mkb. mhpuxfih}) nhukekiýjdmf} t kphsfudf}" Hb if dbuskexmmdýb) mkndhbwk fcsdhbek hi ehcfuh mkb xbf }hsdh eh sh ffih|dk. bh} }kcsh if hnhsjhbmdf ehi jh}uks mxiuxsfi hb ik} h}uxedk} fmfeändmk} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) t h}ckwk fijxbk} hihnhbuk} f mkb}dehsfs pfsf hi fbæid}d} eh if shifmdýb hbush nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi t pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" _ks }x pfsuh) Gksjh Jkbwæihw hb ’Mdchsmxiuxsf t pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}„ msdudmf if `ksnf mknk }h ed}höfb if} pkiîudmf} hb Ifudbkfnäsdmf t if bhmh}defe eh mkbufs mkb }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb dbmixthbuh} t fcdhsuk}) vxh mkbuhnpihb if pfsudmd. pfmdýb eh ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}" Hi uh|uk eh Cifbmf Csfncdif) uduxifek ’_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk„) h} xb fbæid}d} pfbksændmk t sh ffih|dk }kcsh if} pkiîudmf} nh|dmfbf} eh psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf) f}î mknk if} pskcihnæudmf} t shuk} vxh ä}uf} hb`shbufb hb ik} æncduk} eh if pskexmmdýb) mdsmxifmdýb t mkb}xnk" Hb ’»_sknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh};„) pskcihnfudwk }kcsh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} edsdjdef} f if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf} t ik} pskcihnf} vxh mkbiih. f }x mkbmhpmdýb t fmhpufmdýb hbush ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}" Ý}mfs Nd}fhi Lhsbæbehw) hb ’Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknx. bdufsdf hb Nä|dmk„) shfidwf xb fbæid}d} eh if} mkbmhpmdkbh} dnpiîmduf} t h|piîmduf} eh mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb hb ik} pskjsfnf} vxh eh}fsskiif hi Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk" Ixd} Jfcsdhi Lhsbæbehw) hb }x uh|uk ’Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psk. nkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}„) bk} mknpfsuh xb fbæid}d} }kcsh if}
60
_sh}hbufmdýb
pkiîudmf} ehi H}ufek nh|dmfbk edsdjdef} lfmdf ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}) hb uäsndbk} eh if psknkmdýb eh }x} mxiuxsf}) mknk pfsuh eh if mkb}usxmmdýb ehi ed}mxs}k }kcsh pfusdnkbdk mxiuxsfi" ]db exef) h}uf} sh ffih|dkbh} fpksufsæb dehf} fi ihmuks t h}phsk vxh ik nkud. hb f }hs pfsuîmdph eh if mkb}usxmmdýb fmfeändmf eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" Hi usfcfgk t if} pskpxh}uf} eh h}uh idcsk bk lfcsîfb }dek pk}dcih} }db if pfsudmdpfmdýb eh ik} fxuksh}) f vxdhbh} fjsfehwmk }x ed}pk}dmdýb eh mknpfsuds mkb kusk} mkihjf} }x} sh ffih|dkbh} t ffbmh} eh dbh}udjfmdýb" Hb hi pifbk ifck. sfi) ufncdäb vxdhsk lfmhs xb shmkbkmdndhbuk f ik} mknpföhsk} ehi Db}uduxuk eh Jh}udýb ehi Mkbkmdndhbuk t ehi Fpshbedwfgh hb Fncdhbuh} Pdsuxfih}) pks }x} mknhbufsdk} t fpksufmdkbh} vxh eh nfbhsf msîudmf) phsk ufncdäb pskpk}dudf) lfb lhmlk eh}eh if mkudedfbdefe f if ifcks eh dbh}udjfmdýb t eh}fsskiik vxh shfidwfnk}" _ks ÷iudnk) fjsfehwmk eh nfbhsf nxt phs}kbfi f Nýbdmf) nd mkn. pföhsf eh def) pks }hs nd fpktk t h}mxmlfs nd} dbvxdhuxeh} t sh ffih|dkbh}) vxh mf}d bxbmf }h vxhefb hb hi usfcfgk t nxmlf} hmh} efb skbef} bkmuxsbf} hb bxh}usk lkjfs"
GK]Ä IXD] N FSD]MFI KSKWMK ]hpudhncsh) 3??:
6:
Dbuskexmmdýb _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb ik} ÷iudnk} edhw fök} }h lf efek hb Dchskfnäsdmf xb pskmh}k dbuhb}k eh psk`h}dkbfidwfmdýb eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) hb ek} }hbudek}7 6$ hb if mfpfmduf. mdýb t `ksnfmdýb eh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} hb fmudk) f usfä} eh pskjsfnf} eh hexmfmdýb mkbudbxf t }xphsdks) mkb îf} f xb shmkbkmdndhbuk ifcksfi1 t 3$ if `ksnfidwfmdýb eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi mknk xb mfnpk eh h}phmdfidwfmdýb nxiud. ed}mdpidbfs eh jhbhsfmdýb ehi mkbkmdndhbuk" Fnck} mf}k} lfb shvxhsdek if fmfehndwfmdýb eh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih}) vxh dnpidmf phb}fs t fmuxfs eh}eh t pfsf if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb uäsndbk} mkb. mhpuxfih} t nhukekiýjdmk}" H}uh pskmh}k eh eh stbdmdýb psk`h}dkbfi ,fmfeändmf t ifcksfi$ t eh fxuk. sshmkbkmdndhbuk eh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih}) lf dnpidmfek vxh kusk} fjhbuh} ehi mfnpk fcsfb }x ndsfef fi shmkbkmdndhbuk ehi jh}uks mknk xb psk`h}dkbd}uf h}. phmdfidwfek hb hi ed}hök t hghmxmdýb eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Hb ik} ÷iudnk} vxdbmh fök}) if} pxcidmfmdkbh} }kcsh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} }h lfb dek nxiudpidmfbek t edhs}d stmfbek) fijxbf} eh hiif} pskhbdhbuh} eh if fmfehndf) kusf} eh}eh if} db}uduxmdkbh} jxchsbfnhbufih} t ksjfbd}nk} dbuhsbf. mdkbfih}) t kusf} næ} eh}eh ksjfbdwfmdkbh} bk jxchsbfnhbufih}" Sh}phmuk f ik} uh|uk} fmfeändmk}) mfef hw }kb næ} ik} vxh efb mxhbuf eh dbh}udjfmdkbh} t shffih|dkbh} }kcsh ed}udbuk} f}phmuk} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}1 hbush hiik}) pks hghnpik) h}uæb ik} h}msduk} vxh cx}mfb mshfs udpkikjîf} ,Jfsmîf)
64
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
64<: t Csxbbhs) 64<:$) t ik} vxh fbfidwfb ik} pskmh}k} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf) tf }hf eh}eh xbf d}dýb ld}uýsdmf ,Ukfs) 64451 Ckbdiif) 3???1 3 ???1 @iksh}) 64451 Msh}pk) 3??=$ k eh}eh mktxbuxsf} mkbuhnpksæbhf} ,Sxdw) 3???1 @kb}h. mf) 3??6$" Ehi nd}nk nkek) }h hbmxhbusfb ik} h}uxedk} eh mf}k} eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsf. ih} eh nfbhsf jhbhsfi ,Ckbsti) 3??31 Bdýb) 3??5 t 3??0$1 }kcsh if} pskpxh}uf} dnpxi}fef} pks if mdxefefbîf ,Jkbwæihw) ]" @"1 Sk}fih}) 6446 t 64451 Bdýb) 644<1 @iksh}) 3??6$1 h}uxedk} eh pkiîudmf} h}phmî stmf} jxchsbfnhbufih} ,Jfs. mîf) 64461 Bdýb) 3???1 Iýphw) 3??61 Kmlkf) 3??=$) k eh fbæid}d} mknpfsfudk ,Mkxiknc) 3??0$" F}î nd}nk) lft h}msduk} vxh udhbehb f efs næ} cdhb idbhfndhbuk} jhbhsfih} eh ik vxh lf }dek t pxheh }hs if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi ,Mksbhgk) 64<81 Kmlkf) 3??31 Cfschsk t Kmlkf) 3??8$1 if} shifmdkbh} mkb if pkiîudmf hexmfudf ,Nfsudbhii) ,N fsudbhii) 3??6f1 _fifmdk}) 3??8$) k ik} shuk} t f`shbuf} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb if jikcfidwfmdýb ,Jfsmîf) 6448 t 3??81 Mfhufbk) 3??=1 Gdnäbhw) 3??=1 T÷edmh t Ndiihs) 3??5$" Hb mxfivxdhsf eh h}uk} mf}k}) xbf shd}dýb f if iduhsfuxsf }kcsh pkiîudmf} mxi. uxsfih} bk} pxheh nk}usfs if hnhsjhbmdf ehi jh}uks mxiuxsfi mknk psk`h}dkbd}uf vxh gxhjf xb pfphi dnpksufbuh hb if shpskexmmdýb h dbbkfmdýb eh if} fmmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}" ]kb shmdhbuh} ik} ekmxnhbuk} hb ik} vxh }h lfmh xbf nhbmdýb h|piî. mduf ehi jh}uks mxiuxsfi t }x pfphi hb hi eh}fsskiik eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" 3 Efef if fnpiduxe eh h}uxedk} }kcsh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} vxh h|d}uhb hb if fmuxfidefe) bk} }hsîf nxt ed`îmdi lfmhs xb fbæid}d} eh ik} ed`hshbuh} fxuksh} vxh lfb h}msduk }kcsh hiif}) dbmix}k }d h}uf `xhsf xbf d}dýb pfbksændmf) ufshf phb. edhbuh pfsf pk}uhsdksh} dbh}udjfmdkbh}" _ks hi nknhbuk t pfsf stbh} eh h}uf psh}hbufmdýb) lfsä sh`hshbmdf }ýik eh fi. jxbk} usfcfgk} eh Sf`fhi Ukfs t eh Uhsh}f ,6445$) Bä}uks Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd ,64<:$) Gk}ä Gkfvxîb Csxbbhs ,64<:$) Lämuks Sk}fih} ,6446$) Jxdiihsnk Ckb sti ,64<:$) Jhksjh T÷edmh ,3??0$) Hexfsek Bdýb ,3??8$ t Ixmdbf Gdnäbhw ,3??0$"= Hghnpik} eh h}uk} h}uxedk} }h pxhehb hbmkbusfs hb7 Uxska) 64<<1 Gdnäbhw) 3??01 Gdnäbhw t Chsjnfb) 3??01 Jxwnæb) 64481 Bdýb) 3??81 Ckb sti) 64<: t 3??31 f}î mknk Nfm Jshjks) 644< t 3??8" = If }hihmmdýb eh ik} uh|uk} bk udhbh xb msduhsdk cf}fek hb if dnpksufbmdf eh if kcsf k dbffixhbmdf vxh lfb uhbdek }kcsh kusk} ,mknk }h }xhih lfmhs hb h}uxedk} nkbkjsæstmk}$) }dbk næ} cdhb bk} }dshb pfsf dix}usfs if hnhsjhbmdf ehi jh}uks mxiuxsfi hb ik} h}uxedk} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" 3
3?
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Mknhbmhnk} mkb hi idcsk Nkehsbdwfmdýb t pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) eh Sf`fhi Ukfs" Hi fxuks eddeh }x kcsf hb ush} pfsuh}7 hb if psdnhsf) lfmh xb h}ckwk ld}uýsdmk ehi pskmh}k eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi pks pfsuh ehi H}ufek1 hb if }hjxbef pfsuh) lfmh xbf gx}ud stmfmdýb bksnfudf) gxsîedmf) pkiîudmf) hmkbýndmf t }kmdfi ehi }xsjdndhbuk ehi Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi pfsf if Mxiuxsf t if} Fsuh} ,MKBFMXIUF$ t }x dnpksufbmdf mknk db}ufbmdf `hehsfi sh}pkb}fcih ehi ed. }hök t hghmxmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} ehi H}ufek nh|dmfbk1 t hb if ÷iudnf pfsuh lfmh sh`hshbmdf f ik} pskjsfnf} }x}ufbudk} t h}usfuäjdmk} vxh eh}fsskiif hi MKBFMXIUF eh}eh }x `xbefmdýb" F}î pxh}) hi fxuks `kmfidwf }x kc}hsfmdýb hb if pfsudmdpfmdýb ehi H}ufek mknk fjhbuh psdbmdpfi) ehgfbek hb }hjxbek uäsndbk ,mknk pkcifmdýb kcghudk$ f ik} ehnæ} fjhbuh}" Iifnf if fuhbmdýb vxh bk lfmh sh`hshbmdf eh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} t }ýik }h mhbusf hb if mshfmdýb) ed`x}dýb t mkb}xnk mxiuxsfi" _ks }x pfsuh) hi uh|uk eh Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd ,64<:$ mkcsf dnpksufbmdf hb if iduhsfuxsf eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} pks ek} mxh}udkbh}7 hb psdnhs ixjfs) pks. vxh fbfidwf hi pskmh}k eh mkb}usxmmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb uäsndbk} eh kcghuk eh h}uxedk) fnpidfbek f}î if} ndsfef}) if} xbdefeh} eh fbæid}d} t ik} pskpý}duk} eh if dbh}udjfmdýb eh if} fmmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}1 hb }hjxbek ixjfs) eh. stbh nkehik} eh fmmdýb mxiuxsfi ,k pfsfedjnf}) ih} iifnf$ mkbuh|uxfidwæbekik} f pfsuds eh }x} fjhbuh}) h}usfuhjdf} eh fmmdýb t mkbmhpmdýb ehi eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi ,äf}h mxfesk 6$" ]db hncfsjk) ik} fjhbuh} dehbud stmfek} }xhihb }hs næ} cdhb db}uduxmdkbfih} t hi jh}uks mxiuxsfi h}uæ fx}hbuh eh }x fbæid}d}" Kusf fpksufmdýb nxt dbuhsh}fbuh h} if udpkikjîf eh Csxbbhs ,64<:$) if mxfi udhbeh f }hs næ} edbændmf t mknpihgf" ]hj÷b äi) h} bhmh}fsdk dehbud stmfs ik} mds. mxduk} mxiuxsfih}) tf vxh }kb hi uhsshbk t kcghuk eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb if pskexmmdýb) ed}usdcxmdýb t mkb}xnk eh ik} cdhbh} t }hsdmdk} mxiuxsfih} ,äf}h mxfesk 3$" H}uk} mdsmxduk} }kb hi sh}xiufek eh if dbuhsfmmdýb hbush if} ksjfbd. wfudbj db}uduxudkb} t ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}" If} psdnhsf}) vxh if} eh stbh mknk ed}pk}dudk} k nhmfbd}nk} eh ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdfi eh if} fmuddefeh} mxiuxsfih}) }kb hi nhsmfek) if fendbd}usfmdýb p÷cidmf t if mknxbdefe" Ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsf. ih} }kb ik} pskexmuksh} psk`h}dkbfih}) if hnpsh}f psdfef) if fjhbmdf p÷cidmf t if f}kmdfmdýb kixbufsdf" Sh}xiuf dbuhsh}fbuh vxh hi fxuks dehbud stvxh ik} pskexmuksh} psk`h}dkbfih} t if f}kmdfmdýb kixbufsdf eh ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} næ} fiiæ eh if} db}uduxmdkbh}
36
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Mxfesk 6" _fsfedjnf} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) }hj÷b Bä}uks Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd" _fsfedjnf
_sdbmdpfih} fj fjhbuh}
Nkek} eh eh ksjfbdwfmdýb Mkbmhpmdkbh} t eh if shifmdýb kcghudk} ehi eh}fsskiik pkiîudmf.mxiuxsf mxiuxsfi
Nhmhbfwjk mxiuxsfi
@xbefmdkbh}) dbex}. usdfih} t hnpsh}f} psdfef}
Fpktk f if mshfmdýb t ed}usdcxmdýb ed}mshmdk. bfi eh if fiuf mxiuxsf
Ed`x}dýb ehi pfusdnk. bdk t }x eh}fsskiik f usfä} eh if idcsh mshfud. defe dbeddexfi
Usfedmdkbfid}nk pfusdnkbdfid}uf
H}ufek}) pfsudek} h db}uduxmdkbh} mxiuxsfih} usfedmdkbfih}
X}k ehi pfusdnkbdk usf. edmdkbfi mknk h}pfmdk bk mkbffidmudk pfsf if dehbudstmfmdýb eh ukef} if} mif}h}
_sh}hsfmdýb ehi pfusd. nkbdk `kimiýsdmk mknk b÷mihk eh dehbudefe mxiuxsfi
H}ufud}nk pkpxid}uf
H}u }uffek t pfsu suddek}
Ed} d}uusdc dcxxmdý dýbb eh ik} cdhbh} mxiuxsfih} eh äiduh t shddbedmfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs cfgk hi mkbuski ehi H}ufek
Fstfbwfs if} uhbehb. mdf} eh if mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi.pkpxifs vxh mkbusdcxthb f if shpsk. exmmdýb hvxdidcsfef ehi }d}uhnf
_sdfudwfmdýb bhkmkb}hsfeksf
Hnpsh}f} psdfef}) bfmdkbfih} t usfb}bf. mdkbfih} t }hmuksh} uhmbkmsæudmk} ehi H}ufek
Usfb}`hshbmdf fi nhsmfek }dncýidmk psd. fek eh if} fmmdkbh} p÷cidmf} hb if mxiuxsf
Shksjfbdwfs if mxiuxsf mkb`ksnh f if} ihth} ehi nhsmfek t cx}mfs mkb}hb}k} f usfä} eh if pfsudmdpfmdýb dbedd. exfi hb hi mkb}xnk
Ehnkmsfudwfmdýb mxiuxsfi
H}ufek} h db}uduxmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}
Ed`x}dýb t pkpxifsdwf. mdýb eh if fiuf mxiuxsf
Fmmh}k djxfidufsdk eh ukek} ik} dbeddexk} t jsxpk} fi ed}`sxuh eh ik} cdhbh} mxiuxsfih}
Ehnkmsfmdf pfsudmdpfudf
_fsudek} pskjsh}d}uf} t nkdndhbuk} mxiuxsfih} dbehphbedhbuh}
_sknkmdýb eh if pfsudmdpfmdýb pkpxifs t if ksjfbdwfmdýb fxukjh}udf eh if} fmuddefeh} mxiuxsfih} t pkiîudmf}
Eh}fsskiik pixsfi eh if} mxiuxsf} eh ukek} ik} jsxpk} hb shifmdýb mkb }x} pskpdf} bhmh}d. efeh}
@xhbuh7 Jfsmîf) 64<:7 3:"
33
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
nhsmfbudih} t ehi H}ufek1 }db hncfsjk) ik} mdsmxb}msdch fi æncduk eh if mshfmdýb t bk eh if jh}udýb) t fxbvxh edhs}k} mshfeksh} lfmhb `xbmdkbh} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) pks mxh}udkbh} fbfiîudmf} h} dnpksufbuh eh stbdsik} t ed`hshbmdfsik}) pxh} h|d}uhb fjhbuh} hb hi mfnpk mxiuxsfi vxh pxhehb ehedmfs}h }ýik f if mshfmdýb k }ýik f if jh}udýb" Lämuks Sk}fih} ,6446$) pks }x pfsuh) lfmh xb fbæid}d} nxt dbuhsh}fbuh }kcsh hi }hbudek eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} f if ixw eh xb pskthmuk eh bfmdýb" Eh}eh h}uf phs}phmudf) ukef pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi mkbiihf }hbudek} dnpiîmduk} k h|piîmduk}) pks ik vxh hi H}ufek nh|dmfbk ed}höý h db}usxnhbuý f ik ifsjk ehi }djik \\ xb fpfsfuk vxh phsndudhsf if shpskexmmdýb eh psæmudmf} t }hbudek} shifmdkbfek} mkb xb psk. thmuk eh bfmdýb vxh f }x hw fsudmxifsf mxh}udkbh} pkiîudmf}) }kmdfih}) hmkbýndmf}) dehkiýjdmf} t mxiuxsfih}" Hi H}ufek nh|dmfbk eh stbdý ,f nfbhsf eh xbf usfedmdýb }hihmudf$ ik vxh }hsîf xbf ’mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi„ ,t) hb mkb}hmxhbmdf) if mxiuxsf k stmdfi vxh }h ehch psknk. hs$) bk kc}ufbuh if edhs}defe eh dehbudefeh} vxh h|d}uhb hb hi pfî}" Sk}fih} fsjxnhbuf vxh ukef pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi f edsdjdef fi mkbgxbuk eh fjhbuh}) db}uduxmdkbh} t sheh} eh }kmdfcdidefe h}phmdfidwfek} hb shmshfs hi f}phmuk }dncýidmk eh if} psæmudmf} }kmdfih} ,64467 4$" Bk kc}ufbuh) iifnf if fuhbmdýb vxh xudidwf hi uäsndbk ’eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi„ dbed}udbufnhbuh pfsf sh`hsds}h f xbf uhbehbmdf dbuhsbfmdkbfi eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiux. sfih} t fi mfnpk eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" _ks hghnpik) nhbmdkbf7 ’If fxukbknîf ehi mfnpk mxiuxsfi gx}udstmf vxh pxheh lfcifs}h ufncdäb eh eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi hb xb }hbudek sh}usdbjdek) pfsf sh`hsdsbk} f ik} fjhbuh}) db}uduxmdkbh} t sheh} vxh }h lfb h}phmdfidwfek hb usfcfgfs ik} f}phmuk} eh }djbd stmfmdýb eh if} psæmudmf}„ ,64467 65$" ]d cdhb dehbudstmf if h}phmdfidwfmdýb eh ik} fjhbuh}) bk ik} bkncsf mknk jh}. uksh} k psknkuksh} mxiuxsfih} t ehgf f if dbuhspshufmdýb ehi ihmuks ik vxh vxdhsh ehmds mkb ’usfcfgfs ik} f}phmuk} eh }djbd stmfmdýb eh if} psæmudmf}„" Fbuh h}uf mxh}udýb) h} dbuhsh}fbuh dbuh sh}fbuh kc}hsfs vxh Sk}fih} dehbud stmf t msdudmf ik} pifbuhfndhbuk} lhjhnýbdmk} h dehkiýjdmk} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} vxh v xh eh}fssk. iif hi H}ufek) phsk bk lfmh xbf msîudmf fi mkbmhpuk eh eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi" 5 Hi mkbmhpuk eh eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi udhbh dnpiîmduk} psdbmdpdk} dehkiýjdmk} shifmdk. bfek} mkb xbf uhksîf hkixmdkbd}uf eh if mxiuxsf) ik mxfi f }x hw ehuhsndbf ed`hshbuh} mkbmhpmdkbh} t jxîf} eh if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi1 pfsf psk`xbedwfs }kcsh hi uhnf) shd}fs7 H}mk. cfs) 644:1 Sd}u) 3???1 Cxst) 64:6) t _fbdaafs) 3??5" 5
3=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Mxfesk 3" Mdsmxduk} mxiuxsfih}) }hj÷b Csxbbhs" FJHBUH] _skexmuksh} psk`h}dkbfih}
KSJFBDWFUDBJ DB]UDUXUDKB ] Nhsmfek
Fendbd}usfmdýb p÷ p÷cidmf
Mdsmxduk} eh pskexmmdýb psk`h}dkbfi pfsf hi nhsmfek"
Mdsmxduk} eh pskexmmdýb Mdsmxduk} eh pskexmmdýb psk`h}dkbfi ksjfbdwfek} psk`h}dkbfi shjxifek} mknk }hsdmdk p÷cidmk" mknxbdufsdfnhbuh"
Hghnpik7 fsud}uf} dbehphb.
Hghnpik7 mhbusk} eh
edhbuh} vxh hbehb hb xbf
dbh}udjfmdýb k jsxpk}
jfihsîf }x kcsf"
fsuî}udmk} xbdhs}dufsdk}"
Hnpsh} Hnp sh}ff psdfef psdfef Mdsmxd Mdsmxduk} uk} eh pskex pskexmmd mmdýb ýb dbex}usdfi shjxifek} pks hi nhsmfek"
Mknxbdefe
Hghnpik7 fsud}uf} eh xb pfsudek"
Mdsmxduk} eh pskexmmdýb dbex}usdfi ksjfbdwfek} fendbd}usfudfnhbuh pks hi H}ufek"
Mdsmxduk} psdfek} eh pskexmmdýb dbex}usdfi ksjf. bdwfek} mknxbdufsdfnhbuh"
mknhsmdfidwfmdýb eh pskjsf.
Hghnpik7 }hsdmdk}
stbfbmdfek} pks if dbdmdfudf
nf} eh uhihd}dýb"
psh}ufek} pks hnpsh}f}
psdfef"
Hghnpik7 pskexmmdýb t
Hghnpik7 h}pfmdk} mxiuxsfih}
pfsf hi fpfsfuk mxiuxsfi ehi H}ufek"
Fjhb Fj hbmd mdff p÷cidm p÷cidmff
Mdsmxd Mdsm xduk} uk} eh eh fendb fendbd}u d}usf sf.. mdýb p÷cidmf ekbeh ik} fjhbuh} pskexmhb pfsf hi nhsmfek"
Mdsmxduk} p÷cidmk} mxtf Mdsmxduk} p÷cidmk} mxtf pskexmmdýb h} ksjfbdwf. pskexmmdýb h} ksjfbdwfef ef fendbd}usfudfnhbuh" mknxbdufsdfnhbuh" Hghnpik7 hvxdpfndhbuk
Hghnpik7 pskjsfnf} eh fpktk
Hghnpik7 udhbef} eh hbuf
mxiuxsfi ehi H}ufek"
f pskthmuk} mknxbdufsdk}
eh pskexmuk} fsuh}fbfih}
,mknk hi _FMNtM$"8
stbfbmdfek} pks hi H}ufek
F}kmdfmdýb kixbufsdf
Mdsmxduk} eh f}kmdfmdýb kixbufsdf vxh kphsfb pfsf hi nhsmfek" Hghnpik7 mkkphsfudf} eh fsuh}fbk}"
Mdsmxduk} eh f}kmdfmdýb kixbufsdf vxh kphsfb cfgk hi mknfbek fendbd}usfudk"
Mdsmxduk} eh f}kmdfmdýb kixbufsdf vxh ksjfbdwfb }x pskexmmdýb mknxbdufsdf. nhbuh"
Hghnpik7 h}mxhif} eh fsuh}
Hghnpik7 nx}hk} mknxbdufsdk}"
dbmkspksfef} f if ]H_" @xhbuh7 hifcksfmdýb pskpdf f pfsuds eh Csxbbhs) 64<:"
Hi _FMNtM h} hi _skjsfnf eh Fpktk f if} Mxiuxsf} Nxbdmdpfih} t Mknxbdufsdf}) ehphbedhbuh eh if Edshmmdýb Jhbhsfi eh Mxiuxsf} _kpxifsh} ehi MKBFMXIUF" _fsf nftks db`ksnfmdýb) äf}h }x pæjdbf eh dbuhsbhu7 65<"355"635"=3+pfmntm"luni 8
35
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Kusk fxuks vxh hb }x} kcsf} uknfcf mknk kcghuk eh h}uxedk if pkiîudmf pki îudmf mxi. uxsfi h} hi fbuskpýikjk Jxdiihsnk Ckb sti Cfufiif) fbfid}uf t msîudmk eh if mxiuxsf dbedjhbd}uf) vxdhb bk }ýik `xh xbk eh ik} mdhbuî stmk} }kmdfih} næ} db ffixthbuh} hb hi ed}hök t hghmxmdýb eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk) }dbk ufncdäb xb jh}uks mxiuxsfi" ]x fpksufmdýb }kcsh hi mkbuski mxiuxsfi `xh t }djxh }dhbek xb sh`hshbuh kcidjfuksdk hb ik} pskmh}k} eh mfpfmdufmdýb mxiuxsfi t hb hi ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf) }kcsh ukek if} shifmdkbfef} mkb if} mxiuxsf} pk. pxifsh} h dbeîjhbf}" Hb fijxbk} eh }x} uh|uk} lfmh nhbmdýb h|piîmduf ehi psknkuks mxiuxsfi) fijxbf} mknphuhbmdf} vxh ehch pk}hhs t if `xbmdýb vxh eh}hnphöf hb uäsnd. bk} ehi `knhbuk eh pskthmuk} eh eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi fxuýbknk" Hb h}h }hbudek) Ckbsti ehedmý pfsuh eh }x usfcfgk f if `ksnfmdýb psk`h}dkbfi t mfpfmdufmdýb eh fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} vxh `xhsfb mfpfmh} eh shfidwfs usfcfgk mxiuxsfi tf bk pfsf ik} pxhcik} dbeîjhbf}) }dbk mkb hiik}1 dhbek f h}k} pxhcik} mknk xbf xbdefe pkiîudmf mfpfw eh dehbud stmfs t uknfs ehmd}dkbh} }kcsh hi x}k) fpskpdfmdýb t+k shmlfwk eh ik} hihnhbuk} mxiuxsfih} ufbuk pskpdk} mknk fghbk} ,64<:$" Hb if ÷iudnf eämfef) dbh}udjfeksh} eh if XFN.D mknk Hexfsek Bdýb t Fbf Sk}f Nfbuhmýb lfb fbfidwfek if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} mkb}dehsfbek fi jh}. uks mxiuxsfi mknk xb fjhbuh pfsudmxifs hb hi mfnpk mxiuxsfi" Fi lfmhs xbf shd}dýb jhbhsfi }kcsh ik} uh|uk} eh Bdýb) pkehnk} kc}hsfs hi pskmh}k eh ds mfsfmuhsdwfbek) bkncsfbek t eh stbdhbek mfef hw næ} if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi mknk xb kcghuk eh h}uxedk" Hb h}uh }hbudek) }x pskexmmdýb næ} shmdhbuh lf h}ufek hb`kmfef f if eh stbdmdýb eh ik} nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb uäsnd. bk} ehi ed}hök t kphsfmdýb eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} p÷cidmf}" _hsk }d hi mf}k eh Bdýb h} xb hghnpik eh mýnk xb fmfeändmk f eh}mx. csdhbek t fcksefbek if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb ik} h}uxedk} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) Ixmdbf Gdnäbhw h} hi hghnpik eh if jh}uksf mxiuxsfi vxh }fiuf fi mfnpk eh if fmf. ehndf pfsf pifbuhfs pskcihnæudmf} eh}eh t pfsf if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" Hb }x idcsk Ehnkmsfmdf mxiuxsfi) Ixmdbf Gdnäbhw h}ufcihmh xb edæikjk mkb ]fcdbf Chsjnfb) mxtk uhiýb eh `kbek h} hi ed}hök t hghmxmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk exsfbuh hi }djik \\" Jsfmdf} f }x} h|phsdhbmdf} hb hi mfnpk eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) if} fxuksf} udhbhb psh}hbuh fi jh}uks mxiuxsfi mknk xb fjhbuh h}phmdfidwfek hb if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi"
38
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
_kiîudmf} mf} mxiuxsfih} hb usfb}dmdýb k`shmh fi ihmuks xbf Eh if nd}nf nfbhsf) _kiîud }hsdh eh shffih|dkbh} mifsf} t fcdhsuf} }kcsh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t }x shifmdýb mkb ik} edhs}k} nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) mkb}dehsfbek if} dnpidmfmdkbh} pkiîudmf}) nhukekiýjdmf}) hmkbýndmf} t }kmdfih}" F nd pfshmhs) hi h}uxedk eh if shifmdýb hbush nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi t pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} h} xbf f}djbfuxsf f÷b phbedhbuh hbush ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsf. ih} fmfeändmk}) bk }ýik hi fbæid}d} eh mf}k} hubkjsæ stmk}) }dbk lfmdf if c÷}vxhef eh nhukekikjîf} t mkbmhpuk} vxh bk} ftxehb f dbh}udjfs) `xbefnhbufs t eh}f. sskiifs bxh}usf psæmudmf psk`h}dkbfi"
JH]UDÝB MXIUXSFI MXIUXSFI T T _KIÎUDMF] _KIÎUDMF] MXIUXSFIH] Hb if nhedef hb vxh hi mfnpk eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi }h f `ksnfidwfbek) psk`h. }dkbfi t fmfeändmfnhbuh) h} næ} mifsf if dbexefcih shifmdýb vxh h|d}uh hbush hi ed}hök t hghmxmdýb eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t ik} nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" Hb Nä|dmk ld}uýsdmfnhbuh }h lfb efek ush} usfedmdkbh} hb if `ksnf eh lfmhs jh}udýb mxiuxsfi)0 vxh }kb if} }djxdhbuh}7 f$ Nkehik eh eh}fsskiik ikmfi c$ Nkehik eh ed`x}dýb eh if} fsuh} m$ Nkehik eh jh}uksîf hnpsh}fsdfi
Nkehik eh eh}fsskiik ikmfi H}uh nkehik }h mhbusf hb if c÷}vxhef ehi ’eh}fsskiik ikmfi„ eh if} mknxbdefeh}" Udhbh }x ksdjhb f dbdmdk} ehi }djik \\) exsfbuh if mkb}usxmmdýb ehi bfmdkbfid}. nk nh|dmfbk pk}u.shkixmdkbfsdk" Xbf hw stbfidwfek hi nkdndhbuk fsnfek) hi pskthmuk eh bfmdýb `xh pkiîudmk phsk ufncdäb mxiuxsfi"
Ik} nkehik} fvxî pskpxh}uk} ehchb }hs d}uk} eh nfbhsf edfiämudmf) pxh} if mfuhjksdwfmdýb eh if psæm. udmf eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi }h xudidwf mknk xbf lhssfndhbuf eh fbæid}d} t) hb shfidefe) ik} fjhbuh} shuknfb hihnhbuk} eh ik} ush} nkehik} hb kmf}dkbh} dbed}udbufnhbuh" 0
30
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb h}uh }hbudek) hi pskthmuk eh hexmfmdýb dnpihnhbufek dnpihnhbufek pks Nkd}ä} ]æhbw : mkb}dehsfcf if `ksnfmdýb eh mdxefefbk} f usfä} eh if} h}mxhif} ed}usdcxdef} hb ukek hi pfî}) t }hj÷b }x pifbuhfndhbuk) bk cf}ufcf mkb xbf hexmfmdýb h}mkifsd. wfef hb if vxh }ýik pfsudmdpfsfb ik} h}uxedfbuh}) }dbk vxh }h shvxhsîf dbmixds f if mknxbdefe hb jhbhsfi" F}î }h phsndudsîf if ’mddidwfmdýb„ eh if} mknxbdefeh} næ} fihgfef})) pfsf ikjsfs if ’dbuhjsfmdýb„ f xb pskthmuk eh bfmdýb mkb îf} f if c÷}. fihgfef} vxhef eh if nkehsbdwfmd nkehsbdwfmdýb" ýb" Hi pifb mkbuhnpifcf mxfusk pskpý}duk} psdbmdpfih}7 f$
Mf}uhiifbdwfmdýb f pfsuds ehi ekndbdk ekndbdk ehi ihbjxfgh) if ihmuxsf t if h}. msduxsf mknk mkb}hmxhbmdf eh fmuk} `xbmdkbfih} vxh phsndudsîfb if mk. ssh}pkbehbmdf hbush if ihbjxf) if `ksnf eh phb}fndhbuk t hi }d}uhnf eh def) eh nfbhsf vxh if fevxd}dmdýb ehi dedknf dnpidmfsf if dbmks. pksfmdýb f if mxiuxsf mkssh}pkbedhbuh" c$ If mkb}usxmmdýb eh }d}uhnf} eh mknxbdmfmdýb dfi) hihmusýbdmf t h}msd. uf pks nhedk eh if dbuskexmmdýb eh mfndbk}) hi h}ufcihmdndhbuk eh h}. ufmdkbh} eh sfedk) t if pxh}uf hb nfsmlf eh pskjsfnf} eh ed}usdcxmdýb eh phsdýedmk} t idcsk} vxh phsndudhsfb h|uhbehs hi pkehs h}ufufi lf}uf xb cxhb b÷nhsk eh shjdkbh} eh ed`îmdi fmmh}k" m$ Hi eh}fsskiik eh}fsskiik ehi ehi ksjfbd}nk ksjfbd}nk mknxbfi vxh ehsdh ehsdh eh if }kmdfidwfmdýb eh ik} fexiuk}) hbuhbedef mknk if mkbmdhbudwfmdýb t hb}höfbwf eh if} lf. cdidefeh} pfsf shfidwfs) eh nfbhsf mknpsknhudef) fmmdkbh} mkbgxbuf} f `fks eh if mknxbdefe t mknk fbuhmhehbuh eh if def ehnkmsæudmf" e$ _sh}hsfs t eh}fsskiifs eh}fsskiifs if} usfedmdkbh} usfedmdkbh} t if} if} lfcdidefeh} lfcdidefeh} fsuî}udmf}) pksvxh ’hb ä}uf} lfb mkb}hsfek hi dbedk t hi nh}udwk }x dbuhjsfmdýb mshfeksf t }x dbeddexfid}nk t hb ä}uf} hbmkbusfsæb if xbdefe t if fsnkbîf dehkiý. jdmf pfsf hifcksfs }x pskpdk }d}uhnf hexmfudk„ ,Fwxhif) 3??87 :8$" Mkb hi pf}k ehi udhnpk h}uf psæmudmf ehi ’eh}fsskiik mknxbdufsdk„ `xh næ} fiiæ eh if hexmfmdýb `ksnfi t }h eh}fsskiiý hb ehphbehbmdf} eh jkcdhsbk mknk
Hb Nkd}ä} ]æhbw }h phsmdch if dbffixhbmdf eh if h}mxhif hb fmmdýb) xb näukek phefjýjdmk cf}fek hb if dnpfsudmdýb ehi mkbkmdndhbuk f pfsuds eh if fmmdýb psæmudmf) mkb hi pskpý}duk eh }fud}`fmhs if} bhmh}d. efeh} hihnhbufih} h dbnhedfuf} eh xbf mknxbdefe ehuhsndbfef ,Fwxhif) 3??87 :0$" :
3:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
hi Db}uduxuk eh Fbuskpkikjîf h Ld}uksdf t hi eh}fpfshmdek Db}uduxuk Bfmdkbfi Db. edjhbd}uf) f}î mknk hb if} ehphbehbmdf} sh}pkb}fcih} eh if psknkmdýb eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs" F}dnd}nk) edhs}f} f}kmdfmdkbh} mxiuxsfih} dbehphbedhbuh} shfidwfb h}uh udpk eh fmmdkbh} hb edhs}f} mknxbdefeh} ehi pfî}" Jhbhsfinhbuh h}uh nkehik ehbkuf xbf d}dýb eh mxiuxsf eh mksuh fbusk. pkiýjdmf ,xcdmfef hb hi pfsfedjnf mxiuxsfid}uf$) ik} fjhbuh} sh}pkb}fcih} eh if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi ,iifnfek} psknkuksh} mxiuxsfih}$ shfidwfb fbæid}d} eh if mknxbd. efe) if ksjfbdwfb hb uksbk f xb pskthmuk }kmdfi t hghmxufb fmmdkbh} hbmfndbfef} fi eh}fsskiik ikmfi" F}î) h}uf psæmudmf ih mkb sthsh nftks shihfbmdf fi pskmh}k eh pskexmmdýb mxiuxsfi vxh f ik} pskexmuk} mxiuxsfih}"
Nkehik eh ed`x}dýb eh if} fsuh} H}uh nkehik pkesîf }hs hi eh nftks fssfdjk ld}uýsdmk t shmxsshbmdf hb if psæmudmf eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb Nä|dmk" Hi pskthmuk mxiuxsfi f}mkbmhid}uf vxh }h iihý f mfck exsfbuh if eämfef eh ik} hdbuh) hb hi }djik \\) h} xb nknhbuk mifh hb if ehstbdmdýb eh h}uh nkehik" Pf}mkbmhik} mkb}dehsfcf vxh if hexmfmdýb t hi fsuh hsfb hihnhbuk} h}usf. uäjdmk} pfsf jhbhsfs hi eh}fsskiik eh ik} nh|dmfbk} hb uäsndbk} eh hkixmdýb }kmdfi" Eh}eh h}f d}dýb) hsf bhmh}fsdk ikjsfs hi nh}udwfgh sfmdfi t mxiuxsfi h dbmkspksfs}h mknk bfmdýb f ik} pskmh}k} eh nkehsbdwfmdýb uhbedhbuh} f bdhi dbuhsbfmdkbfi ,3??87 83$" Mkb h}uf dehf mknk hgh) }h mshý if ]hmshufsîf eh Hexmfmdýb _÷cidmf t }h eh. }fsskiiý hi pskthmuk eh if} nd}dkbh} mxiuxsfih}) mxtf stbfidefe `xh ’lfmhs iihjfs„ if mxiuxsf f mfef xbk eh ik} sdbmkbh} ehi pfî}" Fxbvxh hi phsdkek hb vxh Pf}. mkbmhik} h}uxk fi `shbuh eh if ]H_ `xh cshh) }h }djxdý pkbdhbek hb psæmudmf hi nkehik ufbuk hb db}uduxmdkbh} jxchsbfnhbufih} dbmxifef} mkb if mshfmdýb fs. uî}udmf ,pks hghnpik) hi DBCF $ mknk hb if} xbdhs}defeh} p÷cidmf} ehi pfî}) mxtf uhsmhsf `xbmdýb }x}ufbmdfi h} if h|uhb}dýb" H}uh nkehik udhbh ush} }xpxh}uk} cæ}dmk}7 f$
3<
Xbf d}dýb d}dýb eh mxiuxsf dehfid}uf) dehfid}uf) fmkufef f if mshfmdýb t mkb}xnk eh if} fsuh}) ekbeh if bkmdýb eh ’chiif} fsuh}„ gxhjf xb pfphi dnpksufbuh" Hb
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
h}uh }hbudek) eh}eh h}uh nkehik ik mhbusfi h} if pskexmmdýb) mdsmxif. mdýb t mkb}xnk eh ik} pskexmuk} t }hsdmdk} mxiuxsfih}" c$ If} fsuh} fsuh} }kb xb hihnhbuk `xbefnhbufi hb hi eh}fsskiik ehi }hs lx. nfbk) dbehphbedhbuhnhbuh eh }x fe}msdpmdýb }kmdfi) }h|k) hefe x kmxpfmdýb ifcksfi" ]db hncfsjk) hi eh}fsskiik shvxdhsh vxh h|d}uf xbf pskexmmdýb fsuî}udmf mkb}dehsfcih t vxh if} phs}kbf} mxhbuhb mkb ik} hihnhbuk} bhmh}fsdk} pfsf hi shmkbkmdndhbuk t ed}`sxuh eh if} fsuh}) f usfä} eh xbf ’h|phsdhbmdf h}uäudmf„" m$ Fi hbuhbehs}h hbuhbehs}h if mxiuxsf mxiuxsf mknk mknk xbf xbf }hsdh }hsdh eh eh pskexmuk} pskexmuk} t }hsdmdk} }hsdmdk} jh. bhsfek} pks phs}kbf} h}phmdfidwfef}) }x h|d}uhbmdf t ed}`sxuh h}ufsæb ehuhsndbfek} pks hi fmmh}k f hiik}" F}î) pfsf h}uh nkehik) if mxiuxsf h}uæ mhbusfidwfef t `xhsf ehi fimfbmh eh if} nftksîf}) pks ik vxh h} bhmh}fsdk `ksnxifs xbf }hsdh eh fmmdkbh} hbmfndbfef} f ’iihfs if mxi. uxsf„ f if} ed`hshbuh} mknxbdefeh} ,vxh eh}eh h}uf d}dýb mfshmhb eh hiif$ f usfä} eh ufiihsh} eh fsuh) `h}udfih}) h|pk}dmdkbh}) hum"
Nkehik eh jh}udýb hnpsh}fsdfi Nkehik dbmxifek mkb xbf d}dýb nhsmfbudid}uf eh if mxiuxsf) ekbeh ik} fjhbuh} }kb hnpsh}fsdk} shifmdkbfek} mkb dbex}usdf} mxiuxsfih}) }kcsh ukek hb hi sfnk eh if mknxbdmfmdýb) ehi uxsd}nk t eh ik} h}phmuæmxik}" If mxiuxsf h}) eh}eh h}uh nkehik) xbf }hsdh eh pskexmuk} t }hsdmdk} nhs. mfbudih} vxh pxhehb jhbhsfs pix}fiîf t h}uæb }xghuk} f if iýjdmf ehi nhsmfek" ]kb }xnfnhbuh dnpksufbuh} if} h}usfuhjdf} eh nhsmfehk eh vxh }h fihb ik} fjhbuh} pfsf dehbudstmfs bdmlk} eh nhsmfek) jhbhsfs p÷cidmk} pkuhbmdfih}) mkb}h. jxds stbfbmdfndhbuk} t shfidwfs pskthmuk} sheduxfcih} ufbuk pfsf ik} hnpsh}fsdk} mknk pfsf }x} dbhs}dkbd}uf}" _kehnk} hbmkbusfs hghnpik} eh h}uh nkehik hb if} hnpsh}f} ehedmfef} f if ksjfbdwfmdýb eh h}phmuæmxik}) hb if} heduksdfih}) hb ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmf. mdýb nf}df) hb if} ed}vxhsf}) hum" Mknk lhnk} d}uk} hb ik} ush} mf}k}) if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi h}uæ îbudnfnhbuh shifmdkbfef mkb if `ksnf eh lfmhs jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) hb xbf shifmdýb shmîpskmf) pksvxh hi ed}hök t if hghmxmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} }kb `xbmdkbh} eh ik}
34
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih}) mxtf psæmudmf ifcksfi ih} }dsh eh jxîf) t dmhhs}f) if psæm. udmf eh fijxbk} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} }h mdsmxb}msdch f if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} vxh db}uduxmdkbfinhbuh }h h}ufcihmhb" Mxfesk =" Nkehik} eh if psæmudmf eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb Nä|dmk" Eh}fsskiik ikmfi
Jhshbmdf hn hnpsh}fsdfi
Ed`x}dýb eh eh if} fs fsuh}
Ehbkndbfmdýb ehi fjhbuh
_sknkuks
Fendbd}usfeks + hnpsh}fsdk
Ed`x}ks + h|uhb}dkbd}uf
Dbffixhbmdf
H}mxhif sxsfi ,mxiuxsfid}uf$
Dbex}usdf mxiuxsfi ,hkix. mdkbd}uf + `xbmdkbfid}uf$
Pfbmkbmhid}uf ,hkixmdkbd}uf$
_hssti ehi fjhbuh
Fbæid}d} eh if shfidefe Ksjfbdwfeks }kmdfi Fjhbuh eh mfncdk }kmdfi Shihfbmdf hb hi pskmh}k
Fendbd}usfmdýb t stbfbmdfndhbuk _ifbhfmdýb pks sh}xi. ufek} Nfsahudbj
Ed`x}dýb mxiuxsfi Mkbkmdndhbuk eh if} fsuh} Shihfbmdf hb if pskexmmdýb fsuî}udmf
Xbdefe eh pskexmmdýb
_skthmuk} eh eh}fsskiik mknxbdufsdk) ekmxnhbufmdýb t psk. nkmdýb eh usfedmdkbh}) hum"
Mkbmdhsuk}) shd}uf}) ed}mk}) pskjsfnf} eh uhihd}dýb) hum"
Ufiihsh} eh fsuh) `h}udfih}) mkbmdhsuk}) mkbmxs}k}) hum"
H}pfmdk}
Mknxbdefeh}
Dbex}usdf df}} mxiu mxiuxxsfih ih}}
Nx}h }hk k} Jfihsîf} Xbdhs}defeh}
DBD + DBFL KBJ
]db hncfsjk) »vxä hihnhbuk} lfcsæ vxh mkb}dehsfs pfsf hi fbæid}d} eh if shifmdýb hbush pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t jh}udýb mxiuxsfi; ]db exef lft nxmlk usf. cfgk pks lfmhs hb if ehstbdmdýb mkbmhpuxfi t nhukekiýjdmf eh h}f shifmdýb) hb uäsndbk} eh dehbudstmfmdýb eh nkehik}) phsk ufncdäb hb if} h}usfuhjdf} pfsf hi fbæid}d}) ed}hök t kphsfmdýb eh if} fmmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}" Bk kc}ufbuh) f nfbhsf eh xbf pskpxh}uf dbdmdfi pifbuhk if mkb}dehsfmdýb eh ush} hihnhbuk} mifh7 f$ Hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf vxh ef ksdjhb f if pkiîudmf" c$ If ehstbdmdýb t mfsfmuhsdwfmdýb eh if} h}usfuhjdf} vxh mkb}uduxthb if pkiîudmf"
=?
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Jsæstmf 6" Hihnhbuk} pfsf hi fbæid}d} eh if shifmdýb hbush pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t jh}udýb mxiuxsfi"
Mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf
_kiîudmf} t jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Ehstbdmdýb eh if dbuhshbmdýb
m$
Nkehik eh jh}udýb
Hi nkehik nkehik eh jh}udýb hb vxh }h ksjfbdwf fendbd}usfudfnhbuh if hgh. mxmdýb eh if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi"
Mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf eh if pkiîudmf Hi psdnhs hihnhbuk f mkb}dehsfs h} hi mkbmhpuk ,k ik} mkbmhpuk}$ dnpiîmduk,}$ k h|piîmduk,}$ eh mxiuxsf" H} xbf mxh}udýb psdnksedfi) pxh} }hj÷b if mifsdefe hb if ehstbdmdýb ehi kcghuk eh dbuhshbmdýb) }hsæb }x} fimfbmh} t idndufmdkbh}" Xbf shd}dýb }kcsh ik} ed`hshbuh} pfsfedjnf} uhýsdmk} eh if mxiuxsf bk} ftxefsîf f dehbud stmfs ik} }xpxh}uk} mkbmhpuxfih} t nhukekiýjdmk} t mýnk ä}uk} ehuhsndbfb if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}1 }db hncfsjk) if ufshf vxhef phbedhbuh ph bedhbuh pfsf pk}uhsdksh} usfcfgk}" _fsf stbh} eh h}uh h}msduk) pkehnk} dehbud stmfs ek} jsfbeh} d}dkbh}7 if hidud}uf t if fbuskpkiýjdmf" < _fsf xb fbæid}d} }kcsh if jäbh}d} t eh}fsskiik ehi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf) shd}fs7 Mksuæwfs) 644=1 Jdnäbhw) 3??81 Axphs) 3??51 Askuw) 3??3) t Zdiidfn}) 3???" <
=6
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
]hj÷b if d}dýb hidud}uf) if mxiuxsf }h shexmh f if} pskexmmdkbh} fsuî}udmf}) t ehbusk eh ä}uf}) if} fmfeändmf} t kmmdehbufih} udhbhb nftks ph}k vxh if} pkpx. ifsh} t bk kmmdehbufih}" If d}dýb fbuskpkiýjdmf mkb}dehsf vxh if mxiuxsf h} xb hihnhbuk }kmdfi mkn÷b f ukek} ik} }hsh} lxnfbk}" H}uk} hihnhbuk} pxhehb }hs kc}hsfek} f pfsuds eh psæmudmf} t }hbudek} vxh fsîfb }hj÷b hi udhnpk t hi h}pfmdk"
Eh`dbdmdýb eh if dbuhshbmdýb If ehstbdmdýb t mfsfmuhsdwfmdýb eh if dbuhshbmdýb }kmdkmxiuxsfi h} kusk hihnhbuk f mkb}dehsfs" ]x dnpksufbmdf sh}deh hb vxh h} if jxîf pfsf db}usxnhbufidwfs if} fmmdkbh}" ]h ehchb uhbhs hb mxhbuf mxfusk f}phmuk} eh if dbuhshbmdýb7 f$ If ehidndufmdýb h}pfmdk.uhnpksfi" c$ Ik} æncduk} ehi pskmh}k }kmdkmxiuxsfi f ik} vxh }h edsdjhb if} fmmdkbh}" m$ If} h}usfuhjdf} eh dbuhshbmdýb" e$ If d}dýb stik}ýstmf t hi }hbudek eh if dbuhshbmdýb" Hi psdnhs f}phmuk f mkb}dehsfs h} mýnk }h ehidndufb hi h}pfmdk t hi udhnpk hb vxh }h eh}fsskiifb if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Hi h}pfmdk pxheh mkbuhnpifs}h mknk h}pfmdk jhkJsæstmf) }d h}uæ shifmdkbfek mkb ik} iînduh} jhkpkiîudmk}) pks hghnpik mknk pfî}) h}ufek) nxbdmdpdk) hum") k mknk h}pfmdk }kmdfi) ehidndufek f pfsuds eh if} sheh} }kmdfih}) dbehphbedhb dbehphbedhbuhnhbuh uhnhbuh eh xbf fendbd}usfmdýb pkiîudmf" Hb mxfbuk fi udhnpk) h} bhmh}fsdk dehbud stmfs }d }h mkb}dehsf xb udhnpk ld}uýsdmk) cf}fek hb msduhsdk} eh }hjxdndhbuk eh xb pskmh}k) k xb udhnpk fend. bd}usfudk) cf}fek hb fendbd}usfmdkbh} p÷cidmf}" Hi }hjxbek f}phmuk h} if dehbud stmfmdýb eh ik} æncduk} ehi pskmh}k }kmdkmxi. uxsfi hb ik} vxh dbuhsdhbh if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) vxh pxhehb }hs ik} }djxdhbuh}7 f$
Hi eh if pskexmmdýb mxiuxsfi) shifmdkbfek mkb if jhbhsfmdýb eh psæmud. mf}) cdhbh} k }hsdmdk} mxiuxsfih}" c$ Hi æncduk eh if mdsmxifmdýb) shifmdkbfek mkb if ed}usdcxmdýb }kmdfi eh eh ik} cdhbh} t ik} }hsdmdk} mxiuxsfih}" m$ Hi ehi mkb}xnk mxiuxsfi) shifmdkbfek shifmdkbfek mkb hi mkb}xnk eh ik} cdhbh} t }hsdmdk} t }x} }hbudek}" =3
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
e$ Hi æncduk æncduk eh if shpskexmmdýb shpskexmmdýb mxiuxsfi) shifmdkbfek shifmdkbfek mkb if} psæmudmf} t }hbudek} vxh phsnduhb if shjhbhsfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf" Hi uhsmhs f}phmuk udhbh vxh hs mkb if }hihmmdýb eh if} h}usfuhjdf} eh dbuhs. hbmdýb }kmdkmxiuxsfi) vxh pxhehb }hs7 f$
Eh mshfmdýb) mshfmdýb) vxh }kb }kb fmmdkbh} fmmdkbh} hbmfndbfef} f if jhbhsfmdýb t shpsk. exmmdýb eh pskexmuk}) }hsdmdk} t fmuddefeh} mxiuxsfih}) mkb hi stb eh fxnhbufs if mfbudefe t nhgksfs if mfidefe eh ik} nd}nk}" c$ Eh psh}hsfmdýb) psh}hsfmdýb) vxh }kb }kb fmmdkbh} fmmdkbh} edsdjdef} edsdjdef} f if psh}hsfmdýb t mkb. mkb. }hsfmdýb ehi pfusdnkbdk mxiuxsfi ufbjdcih h dbufbjdcih" m$ Eh sh}mfuh) mxtk pskpý}duk h} ekmxnhbufs t sh}ufxsfs hi pfusdnkbdk pfusdnkbdk mxiuxsfi ufbjdcih h dbufbjdcih" e$ H}usfuhjdf} eh `ksnfmdýb) hbmfndbfef} f if mfpfmdufmdýb) dbexmmdýb) }hb}dcdidwfmdýb) h}phmdfidwfmdýb t+k psk`h}dkbfidwfmdýb eh ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} hb fijxbf ed}mdpidbf) mfnpk eh eh}hnphök psk`h}dkbfi t+k uhnæudmf" h$ Eh psknkmdýb) mxtk pskpý}duk h} efs f mkbkmhs if} mxfidefeh} t mfsfm. uhsî}udmf} eh ik} cdhbh}) }hsdmdk} t psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih}) mkb hi stb eh vxh pxhefb }hs dehbud stmfek}) fpskpdfek} t }h uknh xb pk}dmdkbfndhb. uk }kcsh ik} nd}nk}" Hb h}uh pskmh}k gxhjf xb pfphi dnpksufbuh if db. uhsfmmdýb edshmuf vxh }h ef hbush ik} p÷cidmk} t ik vxh }h psknkmdkbf" `$ Eh ed`x}dýb) mxtk pskpý}duk h} edxijfs xb cdhb) }hsdmdk k psæmudmf mxi. uxsfi mkb hi kcghuk eh vxh }hf mkbkmdek pks fnpidk} t edhs}k} p÷cidmk}" j$ Eh shmshfmdýb) shmshfmdýb) vxh }kb fmmdkbh} fmmdkbh} edsdjdef} edsdjdef} f ik} edhs}k} p÷cidmk} mkb stbh} i÷edmk} t eh h}pfsmdndhbuk) tf }hf mkbuhnpifudf} k fmudf}) db. eddexfih} k jsxpfih}" Hb mxfbuk f if d}dýb stik}ýstmf eh if dbuhshbmdýb) pkehnk} dehbud stmfs eh nfbhsf jhbhsfi ek}7 if dehfid}uf t if nfuhsdfid}uf) 4 t fncf} gxhjfb xb pfphi Mxfbek nh shsthsk fi dehfid}nk t fi nfuhsdfid}nk ik lfjk hb xb }hbudek stik}ýstmk) mkb}dehsfbek vxh if} mkbmhpmdkbh} stik}ýstmf} }h h|pidmfb f pfsuds eh ek} hihnhbuk}7 if mkbmdhbmdf) ehuhsndbfef f pfsuds ehi phb}fndhbuk k ’hi h}pîsdux„) t hi }hs) vxh pxheh }hs if nfuhsdf" F}î) }d pfsf hi dehfid}nk ukef dehf ehuhsndbf if nfuhsdf) hi nfuhsdfid}nk mhb. usf }x} h|pidmfmdkbh} hb if nfuhsdf) t ä}uf ehuhsndbf if dehf" 4
==
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
dnpksufbuh hb if pk}dmdýb hpd}uhnkiýjdmf t hi eh}fsskiik nhukekiýjdmk eh if dn. pihnhbufmdýb eh if dbuhshbmdýb" If d}dýb dehfid}uf eh if mxiuxsf }h cf}f hb ik vxh v xh Zdiidfn} ehbkndbf mknk dehbudstmfmdkbh}) h} ehmds) if} h|psh}dkbh} mxiuxsfih}) }kcsh ukek if} mkbmhcdef} mknk fsuî}udmf}" Eh}eh h}uf d}dýb) if bkmdýb t ehuhsndbfmdýb eh ik vxh }h mkb. }dehsf mxiuxsfi h} if nd}nf hb ukek udhnpk t ixjfs) pxh} ik vxh dnpksuf h} hi kcghuk" Xbf pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) hb h}uh }hbudek) mhbusf }x} h}usfuhjdf} hb ik} cdh. bh} t }hsdmdk} mxiuxsfih} fsuî}udmk}" Hi nfuhsdfid}nk mxiuxsfi dnpidmf hs f if mxiuxsf bk }ýik mknk xb kcghuk) }dbk mknk xb pskmh}k eh pskexmmdýb eh psæmudmf} t }hbudek} vxh }kb mkb}usxd. ek} }kmdfi h ld}uýsdmfnhbuh" H}uf pk}dmdýb mkbiihf xbf d}dýb edbændmf) mknpihgf t edfiämudmf eh if mxi. uxsf) tf vxh ik} cdhbh}) }hsdmdk} t psæmudmf} p sæmudmf} ehchb }hs hbuhbedek} t psknkdek} f pfsuds eh }x ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdfi) vxh ih} ef xb }hbudek pfsudmxifs" Mxfesk 5" Pd}dkbh} eh mxiuxsf eh}eh hi dehfid}nk t hi nfuhsdfid}nk" Pd}dýb eh mxiuxsf
_xbuk f eh}ufmfs
Näukek
Dehfid}uf
Hi h}pîsdux mkb`ksnfeks vxh hb. jikcf fmuddefeh} }kmdfih} vxh }h h}phmdstmfb mknk mxiuxsfih}
Dix}usfmdýb t mifsdstmfmdýb ehi h}pîsdux mkb`ksnfeks mknk if} ld}uksdf} bfmdkbfih} eh ik} h}udik} fsuî}udmk} t `ksnf} eh usfcfgk dbuhihmuxfi
Nfuhsdfid}uf
Xb ksehb }kmdfi jikcfi mkb}uduxd. ek pks fmuddefeh} }kmdfih}
H|piksfmdýb ehi mfsæmuhs mkbk. mdek }x}mhpudcih eh xb ksehb }kmdfi t if} `ksnf} hb vxh fevxdhshb }x} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}
@xhbuh7 hifcksfmdýb pskpdf pskpdf f pfsuds eh Zdiidfn}) 6445"
Hi ÷iudnk f}phmuk f mkb}dehsfs h} hi }hbudek eh if dbuhshbmdýb }kmdkmxiux. sfi) h} ehmds) hi pfsf vxä eh if fmmdýb mxiuxsfi) îbudnfnhbuh shifmdkbfek mkb hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf vxh }x}uhbuf if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" F}î) pks hghnpik) fijxbf} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} udhbhb mknk stb7
=5
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
f$
Hi shstbfndhbuk" Hi stb eh if} fmmdkbh} h} ikjsfs xbf fmxiuxsfmdýb hb if pkcifmdýb kcghudk fmkseh mkb xb udpk dehfi eh phs}kbf mkb mkbkmd. ndhbuk}) lfcdidefeh}) fmuduxeh} t fiksh} ehuhsndbfek} pks if i f dehkik. jîf vxh }x}uhbuf hi nkehik" c$ Hi eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi" Histb eh if} fmmdkbh} h} nked stmfs ,mxfidufudf t mxfbudufudfnhbuh$ mdhsuk} dbedmfeksh} vxh }h mkb}dehsfb dnpksufb. uh} hb if mkb}uduxmdýb t edbændmf eh xbf ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdfi efef" Hi mfncdk pxheh }hs nhedek f pfsuds eh msduhsdk} h}ufcihmdek} shjxifs. nhbuh pks ksjfbd}nk} dbuhsbfmdkbfih} vxh ehuhsndbfb hi jsfek eh ’ffbmh„ k ’shuskmh}k„ eh xbf }kmdhefe" Hb h}uh }hbudek) if mxiuxsf iih. jf f }hs xb hihnhbuk hi hnhbuk h}usfuäjdmk pfsf dbmdeds hb hi mfncdk eh}hfek" m$ If ehnkmsfudwfmdýb mxiuxsfi" Hi stb eh if} fmmdkbh} h} vxh ik} edhs}k} p÷cidmk} ikjshb fmmhehs f ik} cdhbh} t }hsdmdk} mxiuxsfih}" e$ Hi hghsmdmdk eh if mdxefefbîf" Hi stb eh if} fmmdkbh} h} if jhbhsfmdýb eh xbf pfsudmdpfmdýb fmudf eh if mdxefefbîf hb if uknf eh ehmd}dkbh} }kcsh hi x}k) fpskpdfmdýb t eh}udbk eh ik} cdhbh}) }hsdmdk} t psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih}) eh}eh t pfsf if mknxbdefe f if vxh phsuhbhmhb" Mxfesk 8" @dbh} t }x} }xpxh}uk} eh if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" @db eh if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi Shstb Sh stbfn fndh dhbu buk k
]xpxh}uk}
Pd}dýb eh mxiuxsf
Kc}hsfmdkbh} msîudmf}
If mx mxiu iuxs xsff }k }kbb kc kcgh ghuk uk}} t ps psæm æm.. udmf} mxiuxsfih} vxh }dshb pfsf hi mshmdndhbuk h}pdsduxfi eh ik} }hsh} lxnfbk}"
Dehfi De hfid}uf d }uf + hidud} hidud}uf uf
Mkbiihf Mkbii h f edh edhs} s}k} k} }xpxh}uk} dehkiýjdmk} jhbhsfinhbuh shifmdkbfek} mkb xbf mxiuxsf lhjhnýbdmf vxh hghsmh }x ekndbfmdýb f usfä} eh if} fmmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}"
Ik dnpksufbuh h} `ksnfs phs}kbf} ’mxiuf}„" Eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi
If} }kmdhefeh} udhbhb ed`hshb. Hkixmdkbd}uf + uh} jsfek} eh eh}fsskiik" nkehsbd}uf If mxiuxsf h} xb hihnhbuk h}usfuäjdmk pfsf hi eh}fsskiik"
If} fmmdkbh} }h fsudmxifb f pfsuds eh nkehik} eh nk. ehsbdwfmdýb mxtk} fiksh} sh}pkbehb f xbf iýjdmf mfpdufid}uf t kmmdehbufi"
=8
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Ehnkmsfudwfmdýb mxiuxsfi
If mxiuxsf }kb cdhbh} t }hsdmdk} f ik} vxh }ýik xbk} mxfbuk} udhbhb fmmh}k"
Dehfid}u Deh fid}uff + hidu hidud}uf d}uf
]h h h f if mxiux mxiuxsf sf mknk mknk xb pskexmuk eh dnpksufmdýb t h|pksufmdýb vxh }ýik xbk} mxfbuk} pskexmhb t nxmlk} mkb}xnhb"
Nfuhsdfid}uf + fbuskpkiýjdmf
Dnpidmf xbf pfsudmdpfmdýb pskfmudf eh if }kmdhefe mddi t if} mkbedmdkbh} pkiîudmk.fendbd}usfudf} pfsf }x shfidwfmdýb"
Ik dnpksufbuh h} iihfs if mxiuxsf f if} nf}f}" Ehnkmsfmdf mxiuxsfi
If jh}udýb mxiuxsfi mknk h}pfmdk pfsf hi hghsmdmdk eh if mdxefefbîf" Fphsuxsf f if edhs}defe t fi usfcfgk mkifcksfudk eh}eh t pfsf if mknxbdefe"
Nkehik eh jh}udýb fendbd}usfudf Hb ik} nkehik} eh jh}udýb ehchnk} dehbud stmfs if `ksnf eh ksjfbdwfmdýb fe. ndbd}usfudf shifmdkbfef mkb if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" Ik} h}uxedk}k} eh if} uhksîf} fendbd}usfudf} lfb gx}ud stmfek if fpfsdmdýb eh if fendbd}usfmdýb }d}uhnæudmf nkehsbf ehcdek fi pskmh}k eh sfmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if def vxh usfgk mkb}djk if shkixmdýb dbex}usdfi" H|d}uhb edhs}f} uhksîf} fendbd}usfudf}) vxh lfmhb sh`hshbmdf f hb`kvxh} t nhukekikjîf} ed`hshbuh}" ]db hncfsjk) t }djxdhbek f Bdýb ,3??8$) lft ek} nkehik} vxh ik} fjhbuh} lfb fpidmfek hb if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi7 if cxskmsfmdf t if jh}udýb ksjfbdwfmdkbfi" ]hj÷b Zhchs ,3??8$) if cxskmsfmdf nkehsbf h} xb udpk dehfi eh ksjfbd. wfmdýb t mkbuski fendbd}usfudk ,dbmix}k eh ekndbfmdýb ihjfi$ vxh mkbiihf ik} }djxdhbuh} hihnhbuk}7 f$ Lft xb psdbmdpdk h|piîmduk eh ghsfsvxîf" c$ H|d}uh xbf `ksnfidwfmdýb hb if} shjif} ,uämbdmf} t bksnfudf}$" m$ ]h ef xbf edd}dýb ehi usfcfgk usfcfgk eh nfbhsf sfmdkbfi f pfsuds eh mfsjk}" mfsjk}" e$ ]x fpidmfmdýb fpidmfmdýb h|djh h|djh xbf xbf sfmdkbfidefe sfmdkbfidefe kcuhbdef f usfä} eh xbf xbf `ksnf. mdýb psk`h}dkbfi eh }x} `xbmdkbfsdk}" h$ Lft xb xb ekndbdk ekndbdk eh if dnphs}kbfidefe) dnphs}kbfidefe) h}uk h}) if} shifmdkbh} shifmdkbh} vxh }h h}ufcihmhb }kb dnphs}kbfih}) pks ik ufbuk) kcghudf} t sfmdkbfih}) }h. pfsfbek f}î ik phs}kbfi eh ik db}uduxmdkbfi" =0
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Ik} h}ufek} lfb dnpihnhbufek h}uh nkehik fendbd}usfudk hb }x} pkiîud. mf} p÷cidmf}) t if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} bk }kb if h|mhpmdýb" Mknk }h lf d}uk) if} uhbehbmdf} eh if fendbd}usfmdýb hb if }hjxbef ndufe ehi }djik \\ udhbehb f hb`kmfs}h nhbk} hb if h}usxmuxsf t if ghsfsvxîf t næ} hb if} phs}kbf}) hb if edhs}defe t hb if} mktxbuxsf} f usfä} eh if jh}udýb" F}î) if jh}udýb eh if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} ’shmkbkmh if} ed`hshbmdf} dbuhsbf} hbush ik} mkn. pkbhbuh} eh if ksjfbdwfmdýb) phsk cx}mf dbuhjsfsik} f pfsuds eh if edhs}defe„ ,Bdýb) 3??87 <$" If uhbehbmdf dbuhsbfmdkbfi fmuxfi h} fpidmfs h}uh nkehik) vxh mkbiihf ed`hshbmdf} }djbd stmfudf} hbush fendbd}usfs t jh}udkbfs ,äf}h mxfesk 0$ vxh phsnduhb ikjsfs h}f sfmdkbfidefe eh xbf nfbhsf næ} edbændmf h dbmix. thbuh) tf vxh if jh}udýb dnpidmf7 Q†^ mfpfmdefe eh ehstbds kcghudk} t ed}höfs hi pskthmuk mknk hgh t nhukekikjîf eh if fmmdýb" If jh}udýb h|djh xb mdhsuk jx}uk pks if fxukbknîf pfsf ehmdeds hi mxs}k eh if fmmdýb t idchs. ufe pfsf sh}kihs ik} pskcihnf} vxh hnhsjhb hb if hghmxmdýb" If jh}udýb }h fpsk|dnf f xbf mdhsuf mshfuddefe hb if c÷}vxhef eh fiuhsbfudf} h dbbkfmdýb mkb xbf jsfb }hb}dcdidefe eh fuhbmdýb fi h|uhsdks t f ik} pskmh}k} eh }x mkbuh|uk" T h}phmîstmfnhbuh hb hi }hmuks mxiuxsfi) jh}udkbfs }djbdstmf xbf }hb}dcdidefe eh mknpshb}dýb) fbæid}d} t sh}phuk eh ik} pskmh}k} }k. mdfih} hb ik} mxfih} if mxiuxsf nfbudhbh }dbhsjdf} dnpksufbuh}„ ,Nfsudbhii) 3??6c7 63$" Mxfesk 0" Ed`hshbmdf} hbush if fendbd}usfmdýb t if jh}udýb" Hihnhbuk
Cxskmsfmdf
Jh}udýb
Hghsmdmdk eh if fxuksdefe
Hghsmdmdk ehi ekndbdk ihjfi) f usfä} eh xbf h}usxmuxsf ghsfsvxdwfef
Mkbexmmdýb eh ik} f}xbuk} t if} fmmdkbh} }kmdfih} t hghsmdmdk eh fxuksdefe }kcsh xbf ksjfbdwfmdýb
Hghmxmdýb eh ik} pskmhedndhbuk}
H}uæb }xghuk} f bksnf} t mkbuskih} vxh jfsfbudwfb if mksshmuf xudidwfmdýb eh ik} shmxs}k}
@ih|dcih) fefpufcih) t xudidwf hi mkbkmdndhbuk mknk nhmfbd}nk eh nhgksf mkbudbxf
Mkbudbxdefe +dbbk. fmdýb
H} xb fmuk næ} nhmæbdmk) mhbusfek hb if ghsfsvxîf t hb if h}usxmuxsf
]h mhbusf hb if mfpfmdefe eh psknkhs dbbkfmdýb }d}uhnæudmf ehi }fchs t }x fpidmfmdýb f if pskexmmdýb k hi sh}xiufek
Edd}dýb eh usfcfgk
]h mhbusf hb hi `xbmdkbfndhbuk usfedmdk. bfi t pdsfndefi
If sh}pkb}fcdidefe h} næ} psdf. ef h dbeddexfi
=:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hfixfmdýb eh sh}xiufek}
]h hfi÷f }kcsh hi pskmhedndhbuk næ} vxh }kcsh hi sh}xiufek
Ehnfbef næ} fxukbknîf) f mfn. cdk eh fxukssh}pkb}fcdidwfmdýb eh ik} sh}xiufek}
Sh}pkb}fcdidefe ehi usfcfgk
H} p÷cidmf) }xghuf f ik} pskmhedndhb. uk}) bksnf} t ihjd}ifmdkbh} vxh lfb eh pshhs ukef} if} pk}dcih} }duxfmdkbh}
Hi ehshmlk f edsdjds t hi ehchs f shbeds mxhbuf}
@xhbuh7 hifcksfmdýb pskpdf pskpdf f pfsuds eh Nfsudbhii) 3??6c7 63"
Hb }îbuh}d}) h}uk} hihnhbuk} ehchb }hs mkb}dehsfek} pfsf hi fbæid}d} eh xbf pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi t }x} dnpidmfmdkbh} hb uäsndbk} u äsndbk} eh dnpihnhbufmdýb f usfä} eh xb nkehik mkbmhpuxfi.nhukekiýjdmk eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" F÷b lft nxmlk vxh dbh}udjfs) fbfidwfs) ed}mxuds t h}msdcds }kcsh if shif. mdýb hbush pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t jh}udýb mxiuxsfi1 }db hncfsjk) h}f h} xbf ufshf f if vxh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} ehchnk} mkbusdcxds eh}eh if fmfehndf) f pfsuds eh bxh}usf psæmudmf) phsk ufncdäb mkb lhssfndhbuf} uhýsdmf} t nhukekiýjdmf} vxh bk} phsndufb mkb}usxds hi mfnpk fmfeändmk eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi"
=<
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Sh`hshbmdf} cdcidkjsæ`dmf}
Cfschsk) Gh}÷}.Nfsuîb t Kmlkf Jxudhs) Fbf Nfsîf ,3??8$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} Mxiuxsf sf pkiî. t eh}xcdmfmdkbh} eh ik pkpxifs„) hb7 Efbdhi Nfuk ,mknp"$) Mxiux udmf t }kmd }kmdhefe" hefe" _hs}phmudf} _hs}phmudf} ifudbkfnhsdmfbf}) HH" XX"7 Xbdhs}defe eh Dbedfbf" Ckbsti Cfufiif) Jxdiihsnk ,64<:$) ’Ik} pxhcik} dbedk}) }x} mxiuxsf} t if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}„) hb _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf) Nä|dmk7 Jsdgfick" [[[,3??3$) Mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} t pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF" Ckbdiif Fssktk) Djbfmdk ,3???$) ’Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb Gfid}mk„) hb7 Jxfefifgfsf hb if mxiuxsf" Nhnksdf 6448.3??? eh if Mkssh}pkb}fiîf ehi ]hndbfsdk eh Mxiuxsf Nh|dmfbf) uknk DD) Jxfefifgfsf7 ]hmshufsîf eh Mxiuxsf eh Gfid}mk" Cxst) Gklb ,64:6$) If dehf eh pskjsh}k) H}pföf7 Fidfbwf Heduksdfi" Csxbbhs) Gk}ä Gkfvxîb ,64<:$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t ehnkmsfmdf7 lfmdf xbf uhksîf eh if} kpksuxbdefeh}„) hb _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf) Nä|dmk7 Jsdgfick" Mfhufbk) Jhsfsek ,3??=$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t eh}fsskiik }kmdfi" Fijxbf} bkuf} pfsf shd}fs mkbmhpuk}„) hb _hb}fs Dchskfnäsdmf) shd}uf mxiuxsfi) b÷n" 5) gxbdk.}hpudhncsh eh 3??="
=4
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Mksbhgk Nxssdhuf) Jhsfsek ,64<8$) _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t mshfmdýb dbeddexfi) Mxfehsbk} eh edxijfmdýb) b÷n" 6) Lhsnk}diik7 Hi Mkihjdk eh ]kbksf" Mksuæwfs Skesîjxhw) @sfbmd}mk Gfdhs ,644=$) If }kmdk }kmdkikjîf ikjîf eh _dhssh Ckxsedhx) Jxfefifgfsf7 Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf" Mkxiknc Lhssf}uh) Efbdhi ,3??0$) Fpsk|dnfmdýb f if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi ehi }d. jik \\D7 Ik} mf}k} fsjhbudbk t nh|dmfbk) uh}d} pfsf kpufs pks hi jsfek eh nfh}usk hb _kiîudmf} _÷cidmf} Mknpfsfef}) Nä|dmk7 @IFM]K" Msh}pk Kdhek) Ixd} @hidph ,3??=$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}7 Pdhgf} ufshf}) bxhk} pfsfedjnf}„) hb Ehshml Ehshmlk k t mxiuxsf ) b÷n" 4) nfswk.fjk}uk eh 3??=" H}mkcfs) Fsuxsk ,644:$) ’Fbuskpkikjîf t eh}fsskiik„) hb Shd}uf Dbuhsbfmdkbfi eh Mdhbmdf} ]kmdfih}) b÷n" 685) edmdhncsh eh 644:) Xbh}mk" Ed}pkbdcih hb if she7 luup7++zzz"xbh}mk"ksj+d}}g+sdm}685+h} luup7++zzz"xbh}mk"ksj+d}}g+sdm}685+h}mkcfs}pf"luni-fhfsu mkcfs}pf"luni-fhfsu @iksh} Kihf) Pîmuks ,6445$) Sk}usk} hb nkdndhbuk) Nä|dmk7 Mfi t fshbf" @iksh} ]kiî}) Fihgfbesk ,3??6$) If fbdnfmdýb }kmdkmxiuxsfi t hi uhfusk pkpxifs mfnph}dbk) Ukixmf7 XFHN" @kb}hmf Thshbf) Hxeksk ,3??6$) ’Lfmdf xb nkehik ehnkmsæudmk eh pkiîudmf mxi. uxsfi„) mkb`hshbmdf dnpfsudef hb hi D Hbmxhbusk Bfmdkbfi eh Mkksedbfeksh} eh Mfpfmdufmdýb Mxiuxsfi) gxidk eh 3??6" 3??6 " Ed}pkbdcih hb7 luup7++dbmxifmdkb" mkbfmxiuf"jkc"n|+mfpfmdufmdkbmxiuxsfi+c[dsuxfi+fsu[pe`+6??3:f"pe` Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd) Bä}uks ,64<:$) ’Dbuskexmmdýb" _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t msd}d} eh eh. _kiîudmf} mf} mxiuxsfih} hb Fnäsdmf }fsskiik7 xb cfifbmh ifudbkfnhsdmfbk„) hb _kiîud Ifudbf) Nä|dmk7 Jsdgfick" [[[ ,6446$) _÷cidmk} eh fsuh t pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" Xb h}uxedk ehi DD @h}udfi eh if Mdxefe eh Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 XFN.DBFL.Ehpfsufnhbuk ehi Ed}usduk @h. ehsfi" [[[ ,6448$) Mkb}xnd Mkb}xndeksh} eksh} t mdxefefbk}) mdxef efbk}) Nä|dmk7 Jsdgfick" [[[ ,3??8$) Kpmdkbh} eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb hi nfsmk eh if jik. cfidwfmdýb" Ed}pkbdcih hb7 luup7++dbmxifmdkb"mkbfmxiuf"jkc"n|+ mfpfmdufmdkbmxiuxsfi+c[dsuxfi+fsu[pe`+6??30f"pe` Jdnäbhw Nkbudhi) Jdichsuk ,3??8$) If uhksîf t fbæid}d} eh if mxiuxsf) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF"
Jkbwæihw ]æbmlhw) Gksjh" Ekndbfmdýb mxiuxsf mxiuxsfi" i" H|psh}dýb fsuî}udmf) psknkmdý psknkmdýb b mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 Mhbusk eh H}uxedk} Hmxnäbdmk}"
5?
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Jxwnæb Mæsehbf}) Mfsik} ,6448$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t p÷cidmk}„) hb shd}uf Nx}hk} Flksf Flksf)) b÷n" =) Phbhwxhif" Gdnäbhw Iýphw) Ixmdbf ,3??=$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t mkkphsfmdýb dbuhsbfmdkbfi pfsf if edhs}defe t if hvxdefe„) hb _hb}fs Dchskfnäsdmf) shd}uf mxiuxsfi) b÷n" 5) gxbdk.}hpudhncsh eh 3??=" [[[ ,3??0$) _kiîud _kiîudmf} mf} mxiuxsf ih} hb usfb}dmdýb7 Shuk} t h}mhbfsdk} eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi hb Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF" Gdnäbhw) Ixmdbf t Chsjnfb) ]fcdbf ,3??0$) Ehnkmsfmdf mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 @MH"
Axphs) Fefn ,3??5$) Mxiuxsf7 If hs}dýb eh ik} fbuskpýikjk}) Cfsmhikbf7 _fdeý}" Askuw) H}uhcfb ,3??3$) If kushefe mxiuxsfi hbush xukpîf t mdhbmdf" Hi h}uxedk }kcsh hi ksdjhb) hi eh}fsskiik t if shksdhbufmdýb eh if fbuskpkikjîf) Nä|d. mk7 @MH) XFN" _kiîudmf} f} mxiuxsf ih} ksdhbufef ksdhbufef } fi pifbk eh if def def Iýphw Ckscýb) Ididfbf ,3??6$) _kiîudm mkudedfbf7 hfixfmdýb eh if} h}usfuhjdf} eh mknxbdmfmdýb ehi _skjsfnf eh Mxiuxsf Mdxefefbf ,Ckjkuæ) 6448.644:$) Fsjhbudbf7 MIFM]K" Ed}pkbd.
cih hb7 luup7++cdcidkuhmfdsuxfi"mifm}k"ksj"fs+fs+idc luup7++cdcidkuhmfdsuxfi"mifm}k"ksj"fs+fs+idcsk}+chmf}+3???+ikphw" sk}+chmf}+3???+ikphw" pe` Nfm Jshjks Mfnpxwfbk) Gk}ä Fbukbdk ,3??8$) If dehbudefe jikcfidwfef t pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" Ed}pkbdcih hb7 Luup7++dbmxifmdkb"mkbfmxiuf"jkc"n|+ mfpfmdufmdkbmxiuxsfi+c[dsuxfi+fsu[pe`+6??:f"pe` [[[ Mfnpxwfbk) Gk}ä Fbukbdk) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t `ksnfmdýb eh psknkuksh} t jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} pfsf hi eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi fxukjh}udk„) mkb`hshbmdf dnpfsudef hb hi D ]hndbfsdk Bfmdkbfi eh @ksnfmdýb Fsuî}udmf t Mxiuxsfi) M xiuxsfi) ehi 3: fi 34 eh gxidk eh 64<<) Ckjkuæ) Mkikncdf" Ed}pkbdcih hb7 luup7++dbmx. ifmdkb"mkbfmxiuf"jkc"n|+mfpfmdufmdkbmxiuxsfi+c[dsuxfi+fsu[pe`+6??68f" pe` Nfsudbhii) Fi`kb} ,3??6f$) ’Shifmdýb hbush pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t pkiîudmf} hexmfudf}7 xbf shffih|dýb hbush if bhmh}defe t if ed stmxiufe„) hb Gksbfef} }kcsh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t hexmfmdýb) Jdskbf7 Mæuhesf Xbh}mk) Xbdhs}dufu eh Jdskbf" [[[ ,3??6c$) If jh}udýb mxiuxsfi7 }dbjxifsdefe psk`h}dkbfi t phs}phmudf} ehi `xuxsk) H}pföf7 Mæuhesf Xbh}mk eh _kiîudmf} Mxiuxsfih} t Mkkphsfmdýb"
56
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Bdýb Ckiæb) Hexfsek ,644<$) Mxiuxsf xscf bf t nkdndhbuk} }kmdfih}) }kmdfih}) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF.XFN"
[[[ ,3???$) ’_kiîudmf mxiuxsfi hb hi Ed}usduk @hehsfi fbuh hi bxhk jkcdhsbk„) hb Shd}uf Nh|dmfbf eh ]kmdkikjîf ]kmdkikjîf ) ki" 03) b÷n" 3) fcsdi.gxbdk eh 3???" [[[ ,3??5$) ’Nfih}ufs hb if mxiuxsf" Mkb ffidmuk} hb if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi nh|dmfbf shmdhbuh„) hb _hb}fs Dchskfnäsdmf) shd}uf mxiuxsfi) b÷n" :) }hpudhncsh. edmdhncsh eh 3??5" [[[ ,3??8$) ’Jh}udýb t pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb hi eh}fsskiik eh ik} uhssduksdk}„) mkb`hshbmdf dnpfsudef hb hi ]hndbfsdk }kcsh @ksnfmdýb hb Jh}udýb Mxiux. sfi) ]fbudfjk t Pfipfsfî}k) Mldih) 4 t 6? eh fjk}uk eh 3??8" Ed}pkbdcih hb7 luup7++zzz"mbmf"mi+3??:?3+jh}uksh}+uh|ukhexfsekbdkb"pe` [[[ ,3??0$) _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk7 3??0.3?3?" Lfmdf xb pifb h}usf. uäjdmk eh eh}fs eh}fsskiik skiik mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf.Ndjxhi Æbjhi _kss÷f" Kmlkf) Fbf Nfsîf ,3??3$) ’_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) fmfehndf t }kmdhefe„) hb7 Efbdhi Nfuk ,mkkse"$) H}uxedk} t kusf} psæmudmf} dbuhihmuxfih} ifudbkfnh. sdmfbf} hb mxiuxsf t pkeh pkehs) s) Mfsfmf}7 Mkb}hgk Ifudbkfnhsdmfbk eh Mdhbmdf} ]kmdfih} ,MIFM]K$ t MHF_) @FMH]) Xbdhs}defe Mhbusfi eh Phbhwxhif" eh}hk} t ik} ehshmlk}" ehshmlk}" Xb hb}ftk hb}ft k msîudmk }kcsh pkiîudmf} pkiîudmf} [[[ ,3??=$) Hbush ik} eh}hk} mxiuxsfih}) Ckjkuæ7 Db}uduxuk Mkikncdfbk eh Fbuskpkikjîf h Ld}uksdf" _fifmdk}) Ikxseh} ,3??8$) Fsuh7 f}djbfuxsf phbedhbuh" Xb fmhsmfndhbuk f if hexmfmdýb fsuî}udmf hb psdnfsdf) Nä|dmk7 XFMN" _fbdaafs) Sfdnkb ,3??5$) ’Mxiuxsf t eh}fsskiik„) hb Mkkphsfmdýb mxiuxsfi hxskfnhsdmfbf) Nfesde7 Ksjfbdwfmdýb eh H}ufek} Dchskfnhsdmfbk}" Sd}u) Jdichsu ,3???$) ’If mxiuxsf t hi mfpdufi }kmdfi7 »mýnpidmh} k îmudnf} ehi eh}fsskiik;„) hb7 Aida}chsc ,mknp"$) Mfpdufi }kmdfi }kmdfi t mxiu mxiuxsf7 xsf7 mifh} h}usf. h}usf. uäjdmf} uäjdm f} pfsf hi eh}fss eh}fsskiik kiik)) Cxhbk} Fdsh}7 @MH + Cfbmk Dbuhsfnhsdmfbk eh Eh}fsskiik + @xbefmdýb @hidph Lhsshsf + Xbdhs}defe eh Nfstifbe" Sk}fih} Ftfif) Lämuks ,6446$) _kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 MSDN. XBFN"
mxiuxsf ih} hb Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 [[[ ,6445$) Mxiuxsf) }kmdhefe mddi t pskthmuk} mxiuxsfih} MKBFMXIUF.XBFN"
53
Dbusxexmmdýb7 _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi t nkehik} eh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Sxdw Exhöf}) Gksjh ,3???$) Mxiuxsf) »pfsf vxä; Xb h|fnhb mknpfsfek) Nä|dmk7 Kmäfbk" Ukfs t eh Uhsh}f) Sf`fhi ,6445$) Nkehsbdwfmdýb t pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 @MH"
Uxska) Nfsuf ,64<<$) ’If psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh}7 pk}dcdidefeh} t idndufmdkbh} eh if fmmdýb ehi H}ufek„) hb7 Skeki`k ]ufhblfjhb t Nfsjf. sduf Bkif}mk ,mkkse}"$) _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi pfsf xb pfî} nxiudäubdmk) Nä|dmk7 ]H_"
Zdiidfn}) Sftnkbe ,6445$) ]kmdkikjîf eh if mxiuxsf ) Cfsmhikbf7 _fdeý}" [[[ ,3???$) _fifcsf } mifh" Xb kmfcxifsdk kmfcxifsdk eh if mxiuxsf mxiuxsf t if }kmd }kmdhefe) hefe) Cxh. bk} Fdsh}7 Bxhf d}dýb" Zhchs) Nf| ,3??8$) Hmkbknîf t }kmdhefe) Nä|dmk7 @MH" T÷edmh Jhksjh t Ndiihs) Ukct ,3??5$) _kiîudmf mxiuxsfi) Cfsmhikbf7 Jhed}f"
5=
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}' Gksjh F" Jkbwæihw ]æbmlhw
Nh pdedhskb uhbhs xbf mlfsif) xb edæikjk mkb x}uheh} hb }x mfidefe eh `xbmdkbf. sdk} t phs}kbf} h}phmî stmfnhbuh kmxpfef} hb hi ed}hök) hb if pxh}uf hb nfsmlf t hb if hghmxmdýb eh xb æshf h}usfuäjdmf t dufi pfsf hi eh}fsskiik eh ukef }kmdhefe1 nh shsthsk) eh}eh ixhjk) f if i f mxiuxsf) h}f ednhb}dýb }dncýidmf eh bxh}usf }kmdh. efe t eh bxh}usf} def}" ]db hncfsjk) ukefîf nxmlf jhbuh) dbmix}k ik} nd}nk} jkchsbfbuh}) bk }h fmfcfb eh efs mfcfi mxhbuf eh }x fiks pfsf hi eh}fsskiik eh if }kmdhefe) eh}eh ixhjk) bk }ýik shuýsdmfnhbuh k eh ’edhbuh} pfsf f`xhsf„" _fsf hbusfs hb hi uhnf) kt f lfmhsih} xbf psh}hbufmdýb cshh) hb if vxh dbmixdsä fijxbk} h}vxhnf} pfsf `fmdidufs if h|pk}dmdýb1 hb hiif kt f pskpkbhsih} xbf }hsdh eh shifmdkbh} t eh mkbmhpuk} fcdhsuk}) pksvxh h}uæb hb pskmh}k eh mkb}usxmmdýb t }ýik }h mknpshbehb f pfsuds eh }x shifmdýb mkb kusk} mkbmhpuk}) t h}uæb hb h}h h}ufek pskd}dkbfi pksvxh tk mshk vxh hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf) fmx. öfek f stbh} ehi }djik \D\ t vxh ufbuk }hsdmdk bk} lf efek exsfbuh hi }djik \\) tf Mlfsif mkb ik} `xbmdkbfsdk} ehi Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf ehi Jkcdhsbk eh Mkikncdf psh}hbufef hb if ]fif Nfiifsdbk) Uhfusk Mkiýb) Ckjkuæ) hi 6< eh }hpudhncsh eh 3??6" If mlfsif ksdjdbfi }h pxcidmý hb if} nhnksdf} eh if} fmuddefeh} eh if Mæuhesf eh _kiîudmf} Mxiuxsfih} ehi Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf eh Mkikncdf hb 3??3) t pks mkb}dehsfsif djhbuh t eh dbuhsä} t pks mkb}dehsfsik djhbuh t eh dbuhsh} pks hi nfh}usk Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk) }h shheduý pfsf }x pxcidmfmdýb hb hi psh}hbuh idcsk" '
58
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
bk fimfbwf f efs næ} eh ik vxh edk pfsf phsndudsbk} fbfidwfs eh nhgks nfbhsf hi mknpihgk hbusfnfek eh shifmdkbh} vxh bhmh}dufnk} t vxhshnk} mknpshbehs" Hbush hiik} h}uæb ik} mkb}ufbuh} shuk} t fgx}uh} vxh bxh}usk udhnpk psh}hbmdf t mkb`skbuf) pks xb ifek) mkb if} `xhswf} eh if jikcfidwfmdýb hmkbýndmf t if} uhb}dkbh} eh xbf h}phmdh eh nxbedfidwfmdýb eh fijxbf} `ksnf} mxiuxsfih}1 pks hi kusk) mkb if i f edhs}defe eh hubdf} t if nxiudpidmdefe eh mxiuxsf} vxh psh}hbufb bxh}usk} pfî}h} ifudbkfnhsdmfbk}) ufb fcxbefbuh} t hcxiihbuh} hb edhs}defeh} mxiuxsfih}) hb `ksnf} eh shifmdkbfs}h }dncýidmfnhbuh mkb hi nxbek) mkb if Udh. ssf) mkb if def) mkb ik} }xhök}) mkb hi pf}fek t mkb hi `xuxsk) eh ed`hshbuh} t f hmh} lf}uf mkbusfedmuksdf} nfbhsf}" Ih} pskpkbjk if} pfifcsf} ’mdchsmxiuxsf„ t ’pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}„) pfsf mknhbwfs f mkbhs}fs" Eh}eh ixhjk vxh h}f pfifcshgf) ’mdchsmxiuxsf„) h} ehidchsfefnhbuh pkmk mif. sf" Cxhbk) hbukbmh} hi hihnhbuk `xbefnhbufi h} hi }djxdhbuh" Lft xbf pshjxbuf vxh ukef} if} db}uduxmdkbh} eh mxiuxsf }h lfmhb mkudedfbfnhbuh) t h} xb udpk eh pshjxbuf vxh iihjf f }hs) f hmh}) fbjx}udfbuh7 mýnk }fchs vxh ik vxh h}ufnk} lfmdhbek) vxh if} fmmdkbh} t ehmd}dkbh} vxh }h uknfb h}uæb `xbmdkbfbek hb if edshmmdýb vxh vxhshnk} vxh `xbmdkbhb" T h}uk bk} iihf f xbf pshjxbuf fbuhsdks) phsk djxfinhbuh mifh7 »hb mxæi edshmmdýb vxhshnk} vxh `xbmdkbh; »Lft xbf ed. shmmdýb hb if mxfi vxhshnk} vxh ukek `xbmdkbh; Fijk eh h}k mknhbuæcfnk} fths hb if shxbdýb hb hi Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf t h} vxh) pks eh}jsfmdf) hi ’ed}hök„ eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} ”fi nhbk} hb Nä|dmk” exsfbuh nxmlk udhnpk pfshmh lfchs. }h shfidwfek eh nfbhsf ’}xpsf.skuxifs„ ”pks ehmdsik hihjfbuhnhbuh”) ’}kcsh if} skediif}„ k ’fi mxfsuk pfsf if} ekmh„) }db xbf mifsf fmmdýb eh h}ufek vxh usf}mdhb. ef if mktxbuxsf eh ik} jkcdhsbk} t if} fmmdkbh} fd}ifef}) fijxbf} mdhsufnhbuh csdiifbuh}) phsk }db mkbudbxdefe t }db phs}phmudf eh eh}fsskiik f ifsjk pifwk" Bk ehch }hs }hbmdiik pfsf ik} `xbmdkbfsdk} eh if mxiuxsf uknfs h}uf} ehmd. }dkbh}" _hsk mfch }dhnpsh pshjxbufsbk} mkb mxæih} hihnhbuk} }h mxhbuf pfsf pkehs ehmdeds" Eh}f`ksuxbfefnhbuh) }kb ”k fi nhbk} h}k pfshmhb }hs }dhnpsh” ehmd}dkbh} ’fi mkbuhbudiik„) cf}fef} hb if cxhbf kixbufe k dbuxdmdýb eh ik} vxh ehmdehb" _hsk »pkehnk} f}xnds if sh}pkb}fcdidefe eh jhbhsfs xbf bîudef edshmmdýb eh bxh}usf} pskpdf} }kmdhefeh} lfmdf xb fiks eh eh}fsskiik cæ}dmk) hi mxfi bk uh. bhnk} cdhb ehidndufek) vxh bk lf }dek mifsfnhbuh eh stbdek bd }xstmdhbuhnhbuh ekmxnhbufek t vxh) eh}eh ixhjk) ik} pskpdk} jkchsbfbuh}) ik} pskpdk} `xbmdk.
50
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
bfsdk} f hmh} ufnpkmk udhbhb mifsk; Hb Nä|dmk h}f h} if sh}pkb}fcdidefe ehi iifnfek ’}hmuks mxiuxsf„) vxh ehch dbedmfsih fi Hghmxudk pks eýbeh uhbhnk} vxh ds hb h}k} uhsshbk}" H} ehmds) }x nd}dýb h} ’ st gfs iîbhf} eh fmmdýb„) phsk nxmlf} hmh} if mxiuxsf vxhef mknk hi fbh|k ehi fbh|k ehi fbh|k eh if pkiîudmf" T mxfbek lft vxh shpfs. uds hi psh}xpxh}uk) }h shpfsuh ekbeh h} ’hsefehsfnhbuh dnpksufbuh„ shpfsudsik t) eh h}h nkek) if} }kcsf} eh if} }kcsf} }h fb f h}uh }hmuks) mkb ufi eh ’bk vxh. efs nfi„ hb if} mxncsh} nxbedfih} eh ndbd}usk} eh mxiuxsf" H}h h}mhbfsdk) ehstmdhbuh pks dnpskd}fek) pkesîf }hs ed`hshbuh }d ux. däsfnk} if} lhssfndhbuf} pfsf mshfs kusk} h}mhbfsdk} pk}dcih} t pifx}dcih}) ed}höfek} h|psh}fnhbuh pfsf uknfs ehmd}dkbh} sh}pkb}fcihnhbuh db`ksnfef}" »Mýnk pkehnk} mkbkmhs ik vxh h}uæ pf}fbek; »Mýnk pkehnk} dbkixmsfs f if} ed`hshbuh} `xhswf} }kmdfih} hb if jh}udýb t fpktk eh if mxiuxsf; _ksvxh }xmheh vxh hb nxmlf} pfsuh} ehi nxbek h}uk }h uknf mknk xb f}xbuk h|mix}dfnhbuh eh mknphuhbmdf ehi }hmuks p÷cidmk" H}uk }h hbudhbeh mknk vxh hi jkcdhsbk udhbh if kcidjfmdýb eh jf}ufs shmxs}k} ”bk dbhsuds” hb if mxiuxsf) t eh h}f nfbhsf ukek hi }hmuks psdfek) hi mfpdufi vxh h}uæ pks flî vxh pkesîf mfbfidwfs}h) bk ik lfmh k ik lfmh eh nfbhsf idndufef t udnksfuf) pksvxh mf}d }dhnpsh jf}ufs hb mxiuxsf sh}xiuf hb xbf h}phmdh eh dbhs}dýb f `kbek phsed. ek" T mkb jsfb djbksfbmdf }h iihjf f phb}fs vxh ’}d fijxdhb udhbh vxh phsehs pks jf}ufs hb fijk ufb db÷udi t pkmk pskexmudk mknk if mxiuxsf) pxh} vxh pdhsef hi H}ufek„" _fuäudmk) f if hw vxh pfsfidwfbuh" Mknk h} xb `kbek mkb}dehsfek db÷udi k eh jfbfbmdf} f nxt ifsjk pifwk) }h eh}mxdef }x eh}msdpmdýb t }x dbh}udjfmdýb ehufiifef) t pks hiik if dnpksufbmdf msxmdfi eh if mxiuxsf }h lfmh ekcihnhbuh db. d}dcih7 dbd}dcih uhýsdmfnhbuh) pxh} bk if phsmdcdnk} eh stbdef hb if mknpihgdefe eh }x} shifmdkbh}) h dbd}dcih pkiîudmfnhbuh) pxh} fi bk ’phsmdcdsif„) bk pkehnk} fmuxfs t ehmdeds hb }x `fks" Tk mkb}dehsk xb pf}k dnpksufbuh hi lhmlk eh vxh fvxî hb Mkikncdf h}uäb dbuhbufbek x}uheh} xbf fmuduxe ed`hshbuh fi sh}phmuk) t hb h}f iîbhf) lfb mknhb. wfek mkb xbf pskexmmdýb h}phmî stmf eh h}uxedk} hb hmkbknîf eh if mxiuxsf" If mxiuxsf h} xb }hmuks hmkbýndmk mfef hw næ} `xhsuh t shihfbuh) t hb }kmdhef. eh} næ} jikcfidwfef} t eh}fsskiifef}) if mxiuxsf udhbh xb pfphi mshmdhbuhnhbuh dnpksufbuh hb hi pksmhbufgh ehi pskexmuk dbuhsbk csxuk eh if} hmkbknîf}" Hb h}uf} }kmdhefeh} bxh}usf}) ufb mknpihgf} t nýdih}) hi iifnfek }hmuks mxiuxsf
5:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
”h} ehmds) hi mfnpk mxiuxsfi mknpxh}uk pks if} db}uduxmdkbh}) ik} pskexmuksh} t if} psæmudmf} h}phmdfidwfef} hb if mkb}usxmmdýb) ed`x}dýb t psh}hsfmdýb eh shpsh. }hbufmdkbh} ehi nxbek) eh nkehik} pfsf hifcksfs hi nxbek” h}) f ukek uîuxik) xb }hmuks h}usfuäjdmk vxh jhbhsf jfbfbmdf}) hnpihk} t nkek} eh dbuhspshufs if} mknpihgf} h|phsdhbmdf} eh if def t ehi nxbek hb vxh ddnk}" Mknk h}phmdh sfmdkbfi) bk pkehnk} hdufs shpsh}hbufsbk} hi nxbek t if} h|phsdhbmdf} vxh pf}fnk} t }hbudnk}" If def if }hbudnk}) }hbudnk} if} mk}f}) t hi mxhspk h} bxh}usk ÷bdmk nhedk pfsf }hbuds) h} bxh}usk ÷bdmk usfb}nd}ks t shmhpuks eh }hb}dcdidefe" Hi nxbek ik h|phsdnhbufnk} mkb hi mxhspk) phsk ik hifcksfnk}) ik pskmh}fnk} mkb if} shpsh}hbufmdkbh}) ik nhufckidwfnk}) pks f}î ehmdsik) f usfä} ehi ihbjxfgh fsudmxifek gxbuk mkb n÷iudpih} t mknpihgk} nhuf. ihbjxfgh}) ufih} mknk if shidjdýb) hi ehshmlk) if nksfi) hi fsuh) if hexmfmdýb) if stik}k`îf) hi }hbudek mkn÷b" Dnfjdbhnk} vxh ’if mxiuxsf„ mknpshbeh xb hbksnh) mknpihgk t nxiud. ednhb}dkbfi hbusfnfek eh nkek} t nkehik} pfsf eh stbds) shpsh}hbufsbk} t nkehifs hi nxbek t ukef} if} h|phsdhbmdf} vxh eh äi uhbhnk}" Lkt }fchnk} vxh h|d}uh xbf shifmdýb edshmuf hbush ik vxh pkehnk} hs t }hbuds ehi nxbek t bxh}usk nkek eh bkncsfs h}h nxbek" T h}uk dnpidmf vxh ndhbusf} næ} pkcsh h} ux ihbjxfgh) ux nhufihbjxfgh pfsf bkncsfs ik vxh }dhbuh}) nhbk} udhbh} mfpfmdefe eh phsmdcds) eh }hbuds" H}k pf}f) eh}eh ixhjk) f bdhi phs}kbfi" _hsk f bdhi }kmdfi) dnfjîbhb}h xb h}ufek bfmdkbfi vxh bk h} mfpfw eh jhbhsfs }x} pskmh}k} eh hifcksfmdýb eh ik vxh ih }xmheh" H} phbk}k) phsk f}î lhnk} lhmlk if Ld}uksdf) mknk }kmdhefe }dhnpsh lhnk} }dek bfssfek} eh}eh `xhsf) mkbufek} ”eh mxhbuk} t eh mxhbuf}” eh}eh `xhsf) h|pidmfek} eh}eh `xhsf) pskmh}fek} pks kusk}) t h}k lf dnpidmfek xbf nxt jsfh mfshbmdf t eh}mxdek eh ush} udpk} eh mxiudk}) f }fchs7 eh db`ksnfmdýb) eh dbh}udjfmdýb t eh mknxbdmfmdýb) vxh fnk} f hs cshhnhbuh" H}uh f}xbuk h} pskpdfnhbuh hi mhbusk t }hbudek eh if mlfsif" H}uf mlfsif }h f f mhbusfs hb mýnk hbuhbehs if mdchsmxiuxsf mknk xb kcgh. uk eh mkbkmdndhbuk t mýnk hbuhbehsif mknk xb fiks eh eh}fsskiik" Phshnk} ufncdäb mýnk hi h}`xhswk vxh eh}eh lfmh næ} eh ush} ix}usk} h}ufnk} lfmdhbek xb jsxpk eh phs}kbf} t fndjk}) xbf she eh îbmxik} pfsf if dbh}udjfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf hb Nä|dmk) mkb ffixth hb xb mfncdk hb if nfbhsf eh hbuhbehs if dbh}udjfmdýb mdhbuî stmf t if shifmdýb mkb pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}" Hiik
5<
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
dnpidmf mfncdfs xbf fmuduxe eh fnck} ifek}) ufbuk eh vxdhbh} h}uæb lfmdhb. ek if dbh}udjfmdýb mknk eh vxdhbh} if shvxdhshb pfsf fmuxfs nhgks" Phshnk} vxh nxmlf} hmh} if pskpdf mxiuxsf eh dbh}udjfmdýb eh ik} dbh}udjfeksh}) eh if} xbdhs}defeh}) }xhih }hs) hb h`hmuk) nxt pshmfsdf" Ehi ifek eh if dbh}udjf. mdýb) ik} dbh}udjfeksh} lhnk} nfbuhbdek xbf h}phmdh eh dmdk) hb hi vxh }xmheh mknk }d cf}ufsf pskbxbmdfs fijxbf} pfifcsf} næ} k nhbk} sdnckncfbuh} ”t vxh bfef næ} hbush dbdmdfek} hbudhbehb” pfsf vxh ik} pskcihnf} mkbmshuk} }h }kixmdkbfsfb k fi nhbk} }h hbuhbedhsfb t }h mfpufsfb mkb nhgksh} sh}xiufek}" ]h bk} dbffif if ckmf fixedhbek f ’if }kmdhefe ehi mkbkmdndhbuk„) f ’if }kmdh. efe eh if mknxbdmfmdýb„) f if} ’fxukpd}uf} eh if db`ksnfmdýb„" _hsk »t vxä næ}; Dbexefcihnhbuh) hb hi uhsshbk eh if mxiuxsf lft nxt pkmf} sh}pxh}uf} h}. phmîstmf} f h}k" _fshmh vxh lft xb edksmdk k xbf h}vxdwk`shbdf hbush if jhbuh vxh uknf if} ehmd}dkbh} }kcsh mxiuxsf t if jhbuh vxh lfmh ,k ehchsîf lfmhs$ hi mkbkmdndhbuk }kcsh mxiuxsf" »Mýnk fmhsmfsif}; Ä}f h} kusf eh if} pshjxbuf} vxh fvxî bhmh}dufnk} lfmhsbk}" T pks ÷iudnk hshnk} xbf pfsuh `xbefnhbufi) vxh ukmf f if }djxdhbuh mxh}udýb7 h} nxt ed`îmdi) }d bk h} vxh psæmudmfnhbuh dnpk}dcih) usfufs eh iihfs fehifbuh xb udpk eh pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} dbmixthbuh} eh fssdcf pfsf fcfgk) vxh h}. mxmlhb t sh}phuhb t bk bfef næ} vxh ukihshb) }dbk vxh fudhbefb t }x}mduhb if edhs}defe mxiuxsfi hb ukef }x fsdhefe t sdvxhwf) mxfbek ehbusk ehi pskpdk jsx. pk eh usfcfgk) h} ehmds) hbush x}uheh} t ik} vxh mkb hi udhnpk }hjxdsæb iihjfbek f }x db}uduxmdýb) }h udhbhb ed`hshbuh} t eh}djxfih} bdhih} eh h}udnxifmdýb) eh mkbhmuddefe t eh mkb}d}uhbmdf" H}k h} ik vxh vxdhsk psh}hbufs) pfsf mkbhs}fs xb pkmk) ik vxh x}uheh} vxdhsfb) mkb dehf} t pshjxbuf}" T kt f lfcifs eh xb hghnpik mkbmshuk eh mýnk h}ufnk} hb`shbufbek h}phmîstmfnhbuh h}h edksmdk) h}f h}vxdwk`shbdf hbush ik vxh pf}f hb if} xbdhs}defeh} t ik vxh pf}f hb if uknf eh ehmd}dkbh} eh pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}" _fsf ’bk}kusk}„ ik} dbh}udjfeksh} bk h} `æmdi bd h} mkn÷b uhbhs h}uh udpk eh hbmxhbusk} mkb ik} psk`h}dkbfih} eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" _ks ik jhbh. sfi bk} hbmkbusfnk} mkb bxh}usk} pfsh} t mkihjf} mkb ik} vxh v xh db stbdefe eh hmh} }ýik gxjfnk} f ik} h}pfefwk} shuýsdmk}7 ’Bk lkncsh) h} vxh nd uhksîf h} nhgks vxh if uxtf„" _hsk if ed`hshbmdf h} vxh x}uheh} uknfb t hghmxufb ehmd}dkbh} lksf usf} lksf) eîf usf} eîf) ph}k usf} ph}k) t pfsf ukek}) hi shuk h} pshmd}fnhbuh mýnk pkehs fuhssdwfs h}uh ifek eh if mxh}udýb"
54
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Eh }x ifek) h|d}uh djxfinhbuh xb }hhsk pshgxdmdk ”ehck ehmds vxh) hb nx. mlk} mf}k}) cf}ufbuh cdhb jfbfek” }kcsh if ufshf eh dbh}udjfmdýb7 mxfbek lfcik mkb jhbuh vxh uknf ehmd}dkbh} ’nxt psæmudmf}„) }xhihb mkb`xbeds ik uhýsdmk ”t h}k h} cf}ufbuh jsfh” mkb ik ’db÷udi„ k ’db}hsdcih„7 ’H}k h} uhýsdmk) phsk ehgf vxh hbjf} f }hbufsuh fvxî t uhbjf} vxh uknfs h}uh udpk eh ehmd}dkbh}) mkb hi udhnpk h}mf}k) mkb ufb cfgk} shmxs}k} t mkb mf}d bfef eh hihnhbuk}) pfsf vxh hf} vxä v xä ckbduf sh}xiuf ux hihjfbuh uhksîf„" Eh}eh ixhjk) fvxî uhbhnk} xb psk`xbek nfihbuhbedek }kcsh mýnk if uhksîf pxheh `xbmdkbfs t }kcsh ik vxh if fmmdýb eh if dbh}udjfmdýb pxheh jhbhsfs f pfs. uds eh hiif" _ks kusf pfsuh) lft xbf mshhbmdf nxt mkn÷b t fmsîudmfnhb fmsîudmfnhbuh uh fmhpufef) eh vxh pfsf lfmhs fijk mdhbuî stmk t mshîcih) uhbhnk} vxh uhbhs nxmlk} pksmhb. ufgh}) mfbudefeh} t md`sf} f mknk eä ixjfs" H}k pfshmh }hs ik dnpksufbuh) nxmlk} pksmhbufgh}) nxmlk} nxmlk} ’efuk}„) ufih} mknk ä}uk}7 ’hi =? pks mdhbuk eh if pkcifmdýb fexiuf f fi mdbh xbf hw pks nh}) ndhbusf} vxh hi 4? pks mdhbuk h if uhihbkhif f edfsdk„" Nxt dbuhsh}fbuh) nxt cdhb) phsk t flksf) »vxä lfmhnk} mkb h}k; ’_xh} fbxbmdhnk} fi Ndbd}uhsdk hb nhedk eh if uhihbkhif„" »]hsæ if }kix. mdýb; Nd dehf h}) eh}eh ixhjk) vxh }î lft }kixmdýb pfsf h}k) phsk bk pxheh }hs xbf }kixmdýb dnpxh}uf t tf) næ} cdhb udhbh vxh }hs mkb}usxdef) edfikjfef) hbushuhgd. ef hb hvxdpk}) hb jsxpk}) hb phvxhöf} mknxbdefeh}) hb æncduk} mfef hw næ} f}uk}" Nxt cdhb) pxh} hbukbmh} mknhbmhnk} pks mfsfmuhsdwfs h}k} ush} udpk} eh mxiuxsf}+mxiudk vxh pkehnk} ”t ehchsîfnk} xsjhbuhnhbuh” eh}fsskiifs"
_KS XBF MXIUXSF + MXIUDPK MXIUDPK EH DB@KSNFMDÝB Ehmîf vxh hb bxh}usk} pfî}h} ”Nä|dmk t Mkikncdf) pks hghnpik” h|d}uh xbf hbksnh mfshbmdf eh mxiuxsf eh db`ksnfmdýb" Mxfbek) pks hghnpik) udhbhb x}. uheh} vxh uknfs k hghmxufs ehmd}dkbh} }kcsh ehuhsndbfek f}phmuk eh if mxiuxsf mkikncdfbf) »hb `xbmdýb eh vxä ik lfmhb; »Eýbeh h}uæ if db`ksnfmdýb) eýbeh h}uæb ik} cfbmk} eh db`ksnfmdýb ehb}k}) iihbk} eh shifmdkbh}) iihbk} eh hih. nhbuk} psæmudmk} vxh phsndudsîfb lfmhs ”t bk dnpskd}fs” hi }hjxdndhbuk t if hfixfmdýb eh }x pskpdf fmmdýb hb pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}; Bk lft k bk pfshmh lfchs" H} ehmds) »h|d}uh »h|d}u h fij÷b }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb vxh nh edjf vxä lf pf}fek eh}eh vxh fpfshmh Mkimxiuxsf k mýnk `xh mfncdfbek }x}
8?
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
nhuf} t pskexmuk} mkb hi pf}k ehi udhnpk; »Lft fij÷b }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb) cxhbk) mxfbek nhbk} xb fsmldk) xb ekmxnhbuk fi vxh mxfivxdhsf pxhef shmx. ssds) ekbeh }h pxhef iihjfs t hs ukek ik vxh lf lhmlk hi H}ufek mkikncdfbk hb ik} ÷iudnk} hdbudmdbmk) ushdbuf) mxfshbuf) mdbmxhbuf fök} hb fmmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}; Bk ik lft t h}k bk h} bkhefe) ufnpkmk ik lft hb Nä|dmk bd hb Phbhwxhif) phsk }î ik lft hb fijxbk} kusk} pfî}h} ekbeh }î }h mkb}dehsf f if db`ksnfmdýb mknk xb shmxs}k h}usfuäjdmk pfsf hfixfs t pifbhfs if} fmmdkbh}" T }d hb h}k} pfî}h} bk ik lft) f}î mknk ik fmfck eh eh}msdcds) lft mxfbek nhbk} xbf fmuduxe t xbf usfedmdýb vxh phsndudsîf shmkb}usxdsik }db nxmlf edifmdýb" If mxiuxsf eh db`ksnfmdýb h} xb udpk eh mxiuxsf+mxiudk vxh bk uhbhnk}) ufi hw pks }hs }kmdh. efeh} ld}uýsdmfnhbuh ehphbedhbuh}) ukefîf mkikbdwfef} hb if mfchwf) phsk hi mf}k h} vxh bk mxiudfnk} if i f db`ksnfmdýb" Mxiuxsf eh db`ksnfmdýb bk h} ihhs hi phsdýedmk f edfsdk" If db`ksnfmdýb eh ik} phsdýedmk} }h pxesh mf}d dbnhedfufnhbuh fi kusk eîf" Lkt bk h} bkudmdf vxh }h mfthskb if ukssh} jhnhif} eh Bxhf Tksa" _hsk hbukbmh}) }d bk h} eh h}h udpk) »f mxæi kusk udpk ed`hshbuh eh db`ksnfmdýb nh sh sthsk; Nh shsthsk f db`ksnfmdýb }kcsh if mxfi xbf }kmdhefe h} mfpfw eh shmxphsfs t shmkb}usxds }x pf}fek) }x psh}hbuh t }x pkshbds" Xbf fmuduxe eh mxiudk eh if db`ksnfmdýb vxh lfmh pk}dcih shmkbufsbk} if nhnksdf) hbuhbehs t nhufckidwfs hi psh}hbuh t pshstjxsfs nxbek} pk}dcih}) h}mhbfsdk} `xuxsk}) phsk bk }ýik eh nfbhsf sh`hshbmdfi k nhuf`ýsdmf) }dbk ed}höfef eh `ksnf }d}uändmf pfsf psk. pksmdkbfsbk} mkbstjxsfmdkbh} eh db`ksnfmdýb vxh bk} }dsfb mknk pifuf`ksnf} jhbhsfudf} pfsf hi ed}hök) if hfixfmdýb t if psk}phmudf eh if sh}pkb}fcdidefe vxh mknk `xbmdkbfsdk} ih} mknpihuh eh nfbhsf psk`h}dkbfi" Eh h}k bk lft k lft nxt pkmk" Hi pfbksfnf mkndhbwf f d}ixncsfs}h mxfbek hbuhbehnk} vxh eh}f`ksux. bfefnhbuh ufncdäb mfshmhnk} eh mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh dbh}udjfmdýb"
_KS XBF MXIUXSF + MXIUDPK MXIUDPK EH DBPH]UDJFMDÝB DBPH]UDJFMDÝB T T MKBKMDNDHBUK MKBKMDNDHBUK If `ksnfmdýb hb dbh}udjfmdýb }xhih }hs shfinhbuh h}mf}f t nxmlf} hmh} lf}uf sdeîmxif" T ukek mkndhbwf mxfbek udhbh} vxh ’}kpifsuh„ xb nfbxfi db`xnfcih) }hsdk) }h}xek) ukwxek h dbh|pxjbfcih) hb hi mxfi ux }hb}dcdidefe h dbuhidjhbmdf h}
86
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
ik psdnhsk vxh udhbh} vxh fcfbekbfs) pksvxh bk mxhbufb" Mf}d h} mknk ehmdsuh7 “Lfw f xb ifek ux }hb}dcdidefe t fpsäbehuh hi nfbxfi—" T }d h}uk ’`xbmdkbf„) uh mkbdhsuh} hb xbf h}phmdh eh bhmdk+bhmdf vxh pdhb}f vxh mkb uhbhs xb nfsudiik hb if nfbk) ukek ih pfshmh edjbk eh xb }hhsk t ’mdhbuî stmk„ nfsudiifwk" ’H} vxh tk }ä lfmhs hbmxh}uf}) t if hbmxh}uf h} mdhbuî stmf„" _hsk `shbuh f h}uf fmuduxe }fch. nk} vxh bdbjxbf uämbdmf eh dbh}udjfmdýb h}uæ idcsh eh mkbufndbfmdkbh} edhs. }f}" If mdhbudstmdefe eh xbf dbh}udjfmdýb }h jhbhsf mkb if} pshjxbuf}) bk mkb if} uämbdmf}" Fssfbmf mkb if nfbhsf mknk pshjxbufnk} t eh ik} ixjfsh} eh}eh ekb. eh mxh}udkbfnk} if shfidefe t ik} kcghuk}" If} uämbdmf}) bk kc}ufbuh vxh }dhnpsh phs}djxhb f if} pshjxbuf}) bk if} fimfbwfb bxbmf1 fimfbwfsif} }hsîf h|fmufnhbuh lfmhs ik vxh bk} mxhbuf Cksjh} hb ’Ehi sdjks hb if mdhbmdf„) »shmxhsefb h}f pfsuh hb vxh edmh næ} k nhbk} f}î;7 ’Hb fvxhiif äpkmf) hi fsuh eh if mfsukjsf`îf iihjý f ufi jsfek eh pshmd}dýb vxh ik} mfsuýjsf`k} ldmdhskb xb nfpf ehi ufnfök ehi dnphsdk vxh mkdbmdeîf pxbuxfinhbuh mkb äi„" ¦Vxä eh}pskpý}duk& Dnfjîbhb}h) bfef næ}) pfsf ds eh xb ifek f kusk eh if mdxefe) lfcsîf vxh shmksshs hb hi nfpf) hb xb pfphi k hb xb h}pfmdk pfxufek if nd}nf ed}ufbmdf `î}dmf vxh v xh hb if mdxefe" T ukek hi nxbek mkb}dehsý ”mknk bk} ik edmh nxt }fcdfnhbuh hi nd}nk Cksjh} Ck sjh} fi stbfi eh edmlk mxhbuk” vxh h}h hsf xb nfpf db÷udi) vxh bk }hsîf pfsf ik vxh }h }xpkbîf vxh ehchsîf }hsds" Hb sdjks) bk lft `ksnf bd nfbhsf eh vxh if} pshjxbuf} }hfb gfnæ} fimfbwfef} mknpihufnhbuh pks if} uämbdmf}) phsk pkehnk} fmhsmfsbk} t fstbfsif} pfsf nhgksh} udhnpk} h db}usxnhbuk} uhýsdmk}" Hi pfbksfnf ehi ifek eh if xbdhs}defe t hi nxbek fmfeändmk bk h} nxt ed}udbuk" Flî ufn. cdäb hbmkbusfnk} xbf nxt cfgf mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh dbh}udjfmdýb" Tk mkbdk phsnfbhbuhnhbuh hb mknxbdefeh} eh dbh}udjfeksh} hb Nä|dmk) mif}d stmfek} t chbhstmdfek} pks hi H}ufek) t nh pfshmh vxh) }db nhsnf eh }x pskpdk t h}. phmdfidwfek mkbkmdndhbuk) if mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh dbh}udjfmdýb eh ik} pskpdk} dbh}udjfeksh} }xhih }hs cf}ufbuh cfgf t h}uhshkudpfef) f hmh} pks }ksehsf) f hmh} pks }kchscdf) f hmh} pks fncf}) t kusf} ufbuf}) pks fmmdehbuh x knd}dýb hb }x pskpdf `ksnfmdýb" Fi nd}nk udhnpk) h}uf mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh dbh}udjfmdýb vxh if }kmdhefe fn. pidfef) if} db}uduxmdkbh} p÷cidmf}) if} KBJ t if} hnpsh}f} t hnpsh}fsdk} pkesîfb t ehchsîfb uhbhs) h} djxfinhbuh nxt h}mf}f) t tk pdhb}k vxh bk h} }ýik sh}pkb. }fcdidefe eh hiik} nd}nk}" Tk mshk vxh hi eh}fsskiik eh h}f mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh
83
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
mkbkmdndhbuk h} sh}pkb}fcdidefe ”fi nhbk} dbdmdfinhbuh” eh if jhbuh vxh h}uf. nk} psk`h}dkbfinhbuh hb if dbh}udjfmdýb" Uhbhnk} vxh efs f mkbkmhs f if jhbuh pfsf vxä }dsh f x}uheh} ik vxh lfmhnk}) hb vxä ih} pxheh }hsds" Eh}eh ixhjk vxh bk pfsf vxh pdhb}hb7 “Ndshb) phsk vxä ckbduk) flksf pdhb}fb nhgks—) }dbk vxh fehnæ} ehi “vxä ckbduk vxh flksf pdhb}fb nhgks— t uhbjfnk} næ} pfifcsf} }kbksf}) sdnckncfbuh} t ukefîf næ} hihjfbuh} pfsf bkncsfs if} mk}f}) »mýnk pxhek nhgksfs nd fmmdýb) mýnk pxhek h}ufcihmhs xb }d}uhnf eh }hjxdndhbuk eh vxh nd} edhs}f} fmmdkbh} eh pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi }h h}uæb iihfbek pks cxhb mfxmh; Ukef} h}uf} pshjxbuf} t kusf} næ} }h pxhehb eh}fsskiifs fi jhbhsfs xbf mxiuxsf+ mxiudk eh dbh}udjfmdýb" MXIUDPK EH MKNXBDMFMDÝB _KS XBF MXIUXSF + MXIUDPK
_hsk lft kusf `ksnf eh mxiuxsf+mxiudk mxtf mfshbmdf h} vxdwæ} phks" Nh sh sthsk f if mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh mknxbdmfmdýb" T h} ukefîf phks pksvxh h}ufnk} fmk}. uxncsfek} f ’mknxbdmfsbk}„) f mkbhs}fs bknæ} pfsf fssdcf k pfsf fcfgk" Bk} hb}höfskb bfef næ} f hs vxdäb bk} f f efs ýsehbh} t f hs f vxdäb ih fnk} ksehbfs" T f hmh}) pks hi pskpdk usfcfgk t pks if }duxfmdýb eh bxh}usf pskpdf def mkudedfbf) h}uk }h xhih f}î" F hmh} ih} pshjxbuk f mknpföhsk} t mkihjf}7 »mxæbuk udhnpk eh ux def ehedmf} f shifmdkbh} eh mknxbdmfmdýb ekbeh ik ÷bdmk vxh lfmh} h} efs ýsehbh} k shmdcds ýsehbh}; t »mxæbuk udhnpk eh ux h}mf}k t pshmdk}k cdk.udhnpk ik ehedmf} f shifmdkbh} lksdwkbufih}) f mkbhs}fs) f ’phsehs hi udhnpk„) f lfmhs mk}f} vxh bk h}uæb dbedmfef} t vxh bk h}uæb psh st gfef}; Hb if nhedef hb vxh fxnhbuhnk} h}k) }h mkb}usxthb shifmdkbh} eh mkb stfbwf mkb if jhbuh vxh uh skehf t hb if vxh mkb`îf} k pkesîf} mkb stfs" Mkb`îf} pfsf vxh uh iihh f mdhsuf pfsuh eh if mdxefe) mkb`îf} pfsf vxh uh ftxeh f mkb}hjxds xb usfcfgk) mkb`îf} pfsf vxh }h vxheh mkb ux ldgk flî" »Hb vxdäb mkb`îf}; »Mýnk }h mkb}usxth if ”ufb bhmh}fsdf” mkb stfbwf; Ä}uf }ýik }h mkb}usxth f usfä} eh shifmdkbh} t hbmxhbusk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb1 f usfä} eh if mkksedbfmdýb eh fmmdkbh} mkb xbf cf}h eh mkb}d}uhbmdf1 f usfä} ehi h}ufcihmd. ndhbuk eh pifuf`ksnf} mkbhmufef} eh mkb stfcdidefe) wkbf} eh mkbhsjhbmdf) eh mhsuhwf}) eh hbmxhbusk} h}udnxifeksh}"
8=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb bxh}usk} pfî}h} sh}xiuf vxh uhbhnk} xbf nxt cfgf mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh mknxbdmfmdýb t }kihnk} }hs) mf}d hb ukef kmf}dýb) psk`xbefnhbuh hsudmfih}) t hb if nhedef hb vxh bk fevxdsfnk}) eh}fsskiihnk} t mxiudhnk} h}f lfcdidefe eh h}mxmlfs t kc}hsfs pfsf ik} ifek}) uhbeshnk} ”mknk uhbhnk}) eh lhmlk” }hsdk} pskcihnf}" Eh}fsskiifs mdchsmxiuxsf udhbh vxh hs mkb xb eh}fsskiik mknpxh}uk t mkn. pihnhbufsdk eh h}uf} ush} mxiuxsf}+mxiudk" _ks h}uf sfwýb) mdchsmxiuxsf bk udhbh }kifnhbuh vxh hs mkb mknpxufeksf} t mldp}) næ} cdhb udhbh vxh hs mkb xb msh. mdndhbuk t eh}fsskiik h|pkbhbmdfi t mkihmudk eh h}uf} ush} mxiuxsf}+mxiudk) eh db`ksnfmdýb) eh dbh}udjfmdýb t eh mknxbdmfmdýb) mknk mfpfmdefeh} fevxdsdef} pfsf ehmdeds t kphsfs h stmdhbuhnhbuh }kcsh if uhmbkikjîf" Cxhbk) flksf sh}phmuk f if db`ksnfmdýb vxh mkbkmhnk}) h}f eh stmdhbuh mxi. uxsf eh db`ksnfmdýb }xhih mkb}dehsfs if db`ksnfmdýb psdfef) }hmshuf) eh stmdhbuh) nxudifef t f}î ih pkesîfnk} fjshjfs feghudk} vxh x}uheh} lftfb ddek hb }x pskpdk usfcfgk" Tk shmxhsek) hb xb h}ufek ehi kmmdehbuh eh Nä|dmk) mxfbek lxck xb mfncdk eh jkcdhsbk t hb ukek hi }djxdhbuh jsxpk eh `xbmdkbfsdk}) vxh h}ufcfb hb jsfh} pskcihnf} t mknk ikmk} pksvxh ik} `xbmdkbfsdk} fbuhsdksh}) ik} vxh ehgfcfb }x pxh}uk) vxhnfcfb ik} edshmuksdk} db}uduxmdkbfih} bfef nhbk} vxh eh if kstmdbf eh pshb}f ehi Jkchsbfeks ehi H}ufek" “Fl) bk) vxh }h gkefb) vxh ik cx}vxhb hiik}—" _hsk) »pfsf vxdäb usfcfgf}; H} pfsf hi H}ufek" Hi H}ufek h} nxmlk næ} vxh xb lîjfek mktxbuxsfi" @shbuh f h}f fmuduxe fbuh if db`ksnfmdýb) pkesîfnk} jhbhsfs db`ksnfmdýb eh fmmh}k mkihmudk) xbf mxiuxsf eh db`ksnfmdýb jhbhsfi) ed}höfef pfsf }x fmmh}k t x}k mkihmudk) db`ksnfmdýb p÷cidmf) db`ks. nfmdýb pshmd}f) db`ksnfmdýb nxiudednhb}dkbfi) db`ksnfmdýb mifsf) »pfsf vxä;) pfsf uknfs ehmd}dkbh} nhbk} mdhjf} t nhbk} bhmdf}" Shvxhsdnk} db`ksnfmdýb mifsf pfsf mshfs nhnksdf) pfsf shmshfsbk} fvxhiik vxh lhnk} }dek) pfsf shmshfs ”f if Mfsphbudhs” bxh}usk} pf}k} phsedek}" T h}k ik lfmh nxt cdhb if iduhsfuxsf) phsk bk pkehnk} uknfs ehmd}dkbh} nxt `æmdinhbuh hb `xbmdýb eh fijxbf db}pdsfmdýb eh if iduhsfuxsf1 }h pxheh) phsk hi sdh}jk h} nxt fnpidk" »Mýnk ikjsfs h}k; »Lft fijk vxh if mdhbmdf k if dbh}udjfmdýb pxhefb lfmhs; ]î }h pxheh) t h} jhbhsfs mxiuxsf eh db`ksnfmdýb pfsf if uknf eh ehmd}dkbh}) pfsf shmshfs if nhnksdf t pfsf pkehs dbhbufs. bk} nxbek} pk}dcih}) næ} fbmlk}) næ} fcdhsuk}) næ} edhs}k}) kusk} nxbek} pk}dcih}"
85
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
]xpkbhs vxh ukek} ik} mkikncdfbk} h}uæb idjfek} mkb if} eskjf}) h} xbf }xpk}dmdýb h}u÷pdef) ik nd}nk vxh ehmds vxh ukek} ik} lkncsh} }kb djxfih}" »Mýnk vxhshnk} mkb}usxdsbk} xb nxbek ed`hshbuh) }d h}ufnk} hudvxhufek} f}î; »_kehnk}; ]î }h pxheh) t }h pxheh mkb nhgks db`ksnfmdýb" Cxhbk) phsk bk bfef næ} h}uk1 lfcifbek eh mxiuxsf eh dbh}udjfmdýb) if dbh}udjfmdýb vxh uhbhnk} nxmlf} hmh} }xhih }hs skiihsf ) udsf skiik}) cif) cif) cif† sdnckncfbuh}) }kbksk}) hihjfbuh}) phsk }db nkek eh mkbmshufs}h" N HIFUD]NK] T T MDHBUD@DMD]NK] MDHBUD@DMD]NK]
Ehbusk eh h}f fmuduxe }kchscdf vxh f hmh} eh}fsskiifnk} ik} psk`h}dkbfih} eh if dbh}udjfmdýb) xbf nkefidefe h} hi nhifud}nk) vxh dhbh eh “h} vxh f nî nh ifuh vxh h} pks fvxî—" Hi nhifud}nk h}) f nd gxdmdk) xbk eh ik} jsfbeh} hssksh} eh if dbh}udjfmdýb mdhbuî stmf" Hi dbh}udjfeks nhifud}uf }h sh`xjdf f hmh} hb ehmds vxh }x usfcfgk h} mxfidufudk7 “Tk kt f hbushd}ufs f if jhbuh) pks `fks læjfbnh }hb}dcih f }x h}hbmdf mxiuxsfi) tk }kt hi db}usxnhbuk eh dbh}udjfmdýb t kt f mknpshbehsik}—" Nhifud}nk ukufi" @shbuh f hiik} h}uæ hi mdhbudstmd}nk) vxh }h ed}udbjxh pks }x f`æb eh mkbufs mkb ’efuk}„ mxfbudufudk}) k }hf) ’hsefehsk}„7 “Bk) bk }höks) x}uhe h} xb skiihsk csxufi) fvxî h}uæ if mdhbmdf hsefehsf) ik} lhmlk} bk ndhbuhb) fvxî h}uæ hi pks. mhbufgh7 53 pks mdhbuk ihtý h}f bkhif) 5="= pks mdhbuk eh if jhbuh `xh f h}f kcsf eh uhfusk—" _hsk }d pshjxbufnk}7 “»T vxä ih pf}ý f h}f jhbuh mkb h}k vxh ldwk hb ufb ed}udbjxdek} pksmhbufgh};— “Cxhbk) bk ik }fchnk}) bk dnpksuf) phsk if mk}f h} vxh `xh) t h}k h}uæ nhedek t pskcfek—" Fvxî hb Mkikncdf nh dnfjdbk vxh `xbmdkbfb ik} sfudbj}) mkb}hjxdek} mkb xb fpfsfuk iifnfek phkpih nhuhs" ]h h}mkjh xb jsxpk eh lkjfsh} mkb mdhsuf} mfsfmuhsî}udmf} t ih} k`shmhb fij÷b fpfsfuk hihmuskeknä}udmk pfsf vxh phsndufb pkbhs hb if mf}f) gxbuk f }x uhihd}ks) h}h fpfsfuduk" If `fndidf udhbh vxh iihfs xb mkbuski) t mfef hw vxh fij÷b ndhncsk h if uhihd}dýb) ih edmh hi b÷nhsk vxh ih f}djbfskb) gx}uk hb hi nknhbuk hb vxh mkndhbwf f hs" Xbf hw fehbusk) hi fpfsfuk shjd}usf ukek} ik} mfncdk} eh mfbfi t vxdäbh} eh if `fndidf h}uæb `shbuh fi uhihd}ks mkb pshmd}dýb eh ndbxuk} t) eh}eh ixhjk) mxæih} pskjsfnf} k mknhs. mdfih} }kb ik} vxh pf}fcfb hb h}h ndbxuk pshmd}k" H}uf db`ksnfmdýb tf bk }h
88
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
kcudhbh mknk fbuh}) pks nhedk eh hbmxh}uf} eh pxhsuf" Flksf) k cdhb hi pskpdk phkpih nhuhs hbîf if db`ksnfmdýb mked stmfef pks uhiä`kbk) k cdhb xb hbdfek iihjf t iduhsfinhbuh ksehöf) îf dbfiæncsdmf) mkb mknpxufeksh} pksuæudih} hb if} pxhsuf}) if db`ksnfmdýb eh h}h fpfsfuduk) pfsf hbdfsif dbnhedfufnhbuh f xbf mhbusfi eh if fjhbmdf) vxh if pskmh}f t hbeh f ik} midhbuh} vxh eh}hfb }fchs }d }x nfsmf k pskjsfnf h}uæ }dhbek d}uk k bk t mxæbuk" ]db hncfsjk) bk }fchnk} vxä pf}f mkb if jhbuh t }d h}ufcfb dhbek hi pskjsfnf k hi fbxbmdk) k cdhb }d bfef næ} h}ufcf pifbmlfbek if }höksf k h}ufcf mkbhs}fbek k ik px}dhskb eh uhiýb eh `kbek pfsf vxh ik} bdök} bk kthsfb mk}f} dbfxedcih} hb ik} mxfsuk} eh ik} pfpæ}) k vxä }ä tk" Bk }fchnk} nxmlf} mk}f}" _hsk h}k }î h} nxt mdhbuî stmk) pksvxh h} nxt mxfbudufudk" Bk bk} mkb sthnk}) h|d}uh ufncdäb xbf fmuduxe fnpidfnhbuh mdhbudstmd}uf fbuh if dbh}udjfmdýb" Nhifud}uf k mdhbudstmd}uf) if dbh}udjfmdýb h} hb bxh}usk} pfî}h} nxt h}mf}f" Bk lft }x stmdhbuh dbh}udjfmdýb) lft pkvxduf) pks. vxh }knk} }kmdhefeh} dbh}udjfef} eh}eh `xhsf" ]knk} kcghuk} eh h}uxedk eh}eh vxh bfmhnk}" F}î lhnk} }dek t ukefîf ik }knk}" Uhbhnk} xbf dbh}udjfmdýb h}mf}f t fehnæ}) pks }d `xhsf pkmk) dbmknxbd. mfef" Shdbf if iýjdmf ehi “tk.nî.nh.mkbndjk—) “u÷.ud.uh.mkbudjk—" »T hi kusk; ¦Vxh }h gkef& Ik pkmk vxh lft) bk }h dbuhsmkbhmuf" T eh}f`ksuxbfefnhbuh pxheh} uhbhs hb if} xbdhs}defeh}) gx}uk f ux ifek) f jhbuh vxh lf usfcfgfek ik nd}nk vxh u÷ k mkb if vxh }h pkesîfb lfchs bxusdek nxuxfnhbuh) exsfbuh fök}) phsk bd }dvxdhsf }h kiuhfb f hs" Gfnæ} }h shmkbkmhb" »T hi mkbkmdndhbuk; »T if i f jhbuh vxh h}uæ uknfbek ehmd}dkbh}; Cxhbk) hbukbmh} `shbuh f h}k bhmh}dufnk} dbh}udjfmdýb `xbefnhbufef) eh mfsæmuhs p÷cidmk) vxh }hf pshmd}f t nxiudednhb}dkbfi" H} ehmds) bhmh}dufnk} eh}fsskiifs t mxiudfs xbf mxiuxsf eh dbh}udjfmdýb) »pfsf vxä;) pfsf vxh }hfnk} mfpfmh} eh dehbudstmfs pskcihnf} psæmudmk} vxh dhbhb ehi nxbek" »Mýnk }h pxheh mkb}usxds k jhbhsfs xb p÷cidmk pfsf kcsf} eh uhfusk vxh bfedh h; »Mýnk nhuhnk} f if jhbuh fi uhfusk; Xbf ksvxh}uf }db`ýbdmf f f iihjfs t vxhshnk} vxh if jhbuh ftf) »mýnk ih lfjk; _xh} mknk lfmhb if} h}mxhif} psdnfsdf} k }hmxbefsdf}7 ukek} ik} h}mkifpdk}) kcidjfek} f ds" Flî h}uæb ik} pkcsh}) nhudek} f `xhswf}" T fpifxehb mfef ush} ndbxuk}) pksvxh f h}k h}uæb lfcduxfek}) }fchb mxæbek udhbhb vxh fpifxeds f Mlftfbbh) f Txsd) f Sdmat Nfsudb) f ]lfadsf) f bk }ä mxæbuk}" T mknk if mxiuxsf ’h} dnpksufbuh„ ”phsk bfedh }fch pks vxä bd pfsf vxä”) if jhbuh fexiuf f f ik} nx}hk}) uämbdmfnhbuh) f f}kihfs if} nxhif}) f
80
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
fcsds if ckmf t f vxh eh}mdhbef if eksfef ixw eh if mxiuxsf" ¦Mknk }d cf}ufsf mkb pkbhs}h cskbmhfeks mxiuxsfi pfsf vxhefs f}î) cskbmhfeduk& F h}uh sh}phmuk) ih} Pfmfmdkbh mdkbh}} hb Hxskpf) mkb Mlht shmkndhbek xbf phiîmxif jsdbjf vxh }h iifnf Pfmf Mlf}h" Mlht Mlf}h t }x `fndidf) ik} Jsd}zfie) h}udek} eh pxhsmk} hb xb db}xi}k mkbmxs}k eh uhihd}dýb) mknk lft ehmhbf} hb ik} H}ufek} Xbdek}) jfbfb pks hssks xb dfgh ukek pfjfek f Hxskpf) }h hvxdkmfb t jfbfb hi mkbmxs}k" Cxhbk) lft xbf pfsuh hb h}f phiîmxif hb vxh udhbhb xb ukxs mknk eh 68 ndbxuk} hb _f. sî} pfsf hs ukek hi Nx}hk ehi Ikxsh" Mknk bk fb f fimfbwfs f hsik ukek) ih} pf}fb hb xbf} usfb}pfshbmdf} mknk ndi mxfesk} pks }hjxbek) }h ehudhbhb xbk. ek}.ush} }hjxbek} eh næ} hb if Nkbf Id}f) pksvxh “lft vxh hsif—) pxh} }d bk if hb) “»vxä fb f ehmds mxfbek ih} pshjxbuhb;— Kusf pfsfef næ}) vxdwæ} hb xb Pfb Jkjl) t id}uk) }h fmfcý hi ukxs" Fi stbfi }h mknpsf if shpskexmmdýb eh if i f Ukssh Hd``hiduf) hi pý}uhs ehi Nx}hk ehi Ikxsh t f} f ux mf}f hb Ckjkuæ k hb Nä|dmk t edmh}7 “]î) lkncsh) shfinhbuh if} h|pk}dmdkbh} ehi Ikxsh }kb nfsfdiik}f}) bxh}usf h|phsdhbmdf }hb}dcih `xh }db djxfi—) t f}î edmdhbek" _hsk ik vxh `xd}uh f lfmhs `xh f f}kihfs if} nxhif}) pksvxh }d bk udhbh} if} ed}pk}dmdkbh} mkjbdudf} dbmkspksfef} k if} hbwdnf} mxiuxsfih} bhmh}fsdf} pfsf edjhsds h dbmkspksfs hb ux h|phsdhbmdf fvxhiik vxh h}uæ} dhbek) }dnpihnhbuh bk ik edjdhsh}" »Mýnk lfmhnk} dbh}udjfmdýb pfsf hbuhbehs h}k; Bk if lfmhnk}) phsk }î }h pxheh lfmhs" »Mýnk dehbud stmfs pskcihnf} psæmudmk}; »Mýnk jhbhsfs psh. jxbuf} eh dbh}udjfmdýb; _fsf nî) hi k stmdk eh if dbh}udjfmdýb bk h} udsfs skiik} ckbduk} k ’exsk}„ h dssh`xufcih}) h} xb hsefehsk k stmdk t }h mkb}usxth t fpshbeh fi mkbhsuds pskcihnf} psæmudmk} hb pskcihnf} eh dbh}udjfmdýb" Ik} pskcihnf} psæmudmk} dhbhb ehi nxbek) ndhbusf} vxh ik} pskcihnf} eh dbh}udjfmdýb dh. bhb eh bxh}usf nhbuh) dhbhb eh bxh}usk ihbjxfgh" Xb kstmdk vxh }h md`sf hb jhbhsfs sh}pxh}uf} eh mkbkmdndhbuk" If} sh}pxh}uf} eh mkbkmdndhbuk) eh dbh}udjfmdýb) bk mfncdfb bdbj÷b pskcihnf psæmudmk) phsk bk} efb næ} lhssfndhbuf} mkbmhpuxfih} pfsf hbuhbehsik t pkehs fmuxfs nhgks" Uh fcshb if phs}phmudf pfsf pkehs hbuhbehsik nhgks) xhihb d}dcih ik vxh bk hsf d}dcih fbuh}) h}ufcihmhb îbmxik} ekbeh fbuh} bk h}ufcfb h}ufcihmdek}" _ks hiik nh pfshmh fiufnhbuh h}usfuäjdmk eh}fsskiifs mxiuxsf eh dbh}udjfmdýb" Ik nd}nk }xmheh mkb if mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh mknxbdmfmdýb" Hi udpk eh mk. nxbdmfmdýb vxh jhbhsfinhbuh uhbhnk} t ddnk} }xhih }hs hsudmfi) fxuksdufsdf)
8:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
}xpxh}uf" ]xpkbhnk} vxh bk} mknxbdmfnk}" Nxmlf} hmh}) djbksfef" Vxh. shnk} eh}fsskiifs xbf mxiuxsf eh mknxbdmfmdýb lksdwkbufi) mknk h} t ehch }hs if mknxbdmfmdýb) edfiýjdmf) xbf mxiuxsf vxh }hf f}xndef t bk }xpxh}uf) mkb}usxdef t bk dnpxh}uf1 k }hf) ehmdedef sh}pkb}fcihnhbuh) vxh }hf fcdhs. uf t vxh }hf phsnfbhbuhnhbuh hghsmdufef" »_fsf vxä; ]d nxmlk nh fpxsfb) pfsf }kcshdds nhgks mknk h}phmdh) pfsf eh}fsskiifs t nhgksfs ik} îbmxik} }kmdfih}" »Mýnk lfmhsik; _xh} pks ik nhbk} mkb hi eh}fsskiik eh ush} bdhih} `xbefnhbufih} t mknpihnhbufsdk}" Lft xbf shifmdýb edshmuf hbush if `ksnf hb vxh bk} ksjfbdwfnk} pfsf mkbkmhs t pfsf mknxbdmfsbk} mkb hi pskexmuk nd}nk ehi mkbkmdndhbuk eh if mknxbdmfmdýb" Fbuh xbf `ksnf eh ksjfbdwf. mdýb hsudmfi t fxuksdufsdf) hb hi pskexmuk nd}nk eh if mknxbdmfmdýb t hb hi pskexmuk nd}nk ehi mkbkmdndhbuk vxhef db}msduf h}f nd}nf hsudmfidefe" Bksnfinhbuh) if} `ksnf} vxh uhbhnk} pfsf ’mkbhs}fs„ bk }x}mdufb if ed`h. shbmdf) f nhbk} vxh bk} ehnk} mxhbuf eh hiik" ]x}mdufs h} xb hsck vxh vxdhsh ehmds lfmhs ffikshmhs) lfmhs }xsjds" »Mýnk shxbdsbk} t mýnk }hs mfpfmh} eh hsbk} pfsf vxh if} ed`hshbmdf} pxhefb }xc}d}uds) pxhefb fpfshmhs; Vxh if mknxbdmfmdýb uhbjf pk}dcdidefeh} ksjfbdwfmdkbfih} eh fpfshmhs mkb}mdhbuh. nhbuh) bk eh }hs }xpxh}uf" Xbf hw vxh bk} ksjfbdwfnk} pfsf lfmhs fpfshmhs if ed`hshbmdf) xbf fmud. uxe mkb}hmxhbuh h} mkbuhnpifsif" Hb bxh}usk} pfî}h}) pks ik nhbk} hb Nä|dmk) uhbhnk} xbf hbksnh dbmfpfmdefe pfsf usfufs mkb if ed`hshbmdf" Lft xbf jsfb ed`x}dýb hb iduhsfuxsf }kcsh hi mknpihgk eh Hedpk) hi mknpihgk eh Tkmf}uf) hi mknpihgk eh mf}usfmdýb t kusk}) phsk bk fpfshmh hb hi ld lduu pfsf eh eh ik} mkn. pihgk} hi mknpihgk eh _skmx}uk" _skmx}uk hsf xb ifesýb eh if Jshmdf Fbudjxf vxh skcfcf f }x} îmudnf}) if} iihfcf f }x mf}f t if} fmk}ufcf hb }x mfnf" ]d if} pdhsbf} }fiîfb eh if mfnf) pxh} }h if} mksufcf) t }d if îmudnf vxhefcf mksuf sh}phmuk fi ufnfök eh }x ih. mlk) pxh} if h}udsfcf lf}uf vxh iihjfcf fi sf}) pfsf ixhjk f}h}dbfsif" _skmx}uk hsf dbmfpfw eh }kpksufs if ed`hshbmdf) ik ed`hshbuh ih fnhbfwfcf" »Mýnk pkeh. nk} lfmhs pfsf vxh eh}pxä} eh }x}mdufs if ed`hshbmdf pkefnk} mkbuhnpifsif }db if fnhbfwf eh vxh ukef ed`hshbmdf }h bk} mkbdhsuf hb eh}djxfiefe; If} nxghsh} bk }kb ed`hshbuh}) }kb nhbk}1 ik} dbedk} bk }kb ed`hshbuh}) }kb nh. bk}1 }hs dbedf t nxghs h} }hs ekcihnhbuh nhbk}" If} jsdbjf} t ik} sxcdk} }kb næ}) bk }kb ed`hshbuh}) }kb næ} vxh fvxhiik} vxh bk ik }kb" ]d bfmh xb bdök
8<
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
sxcdk if jhbuh edmh7 ed mh7 “_hsk vxä lhsnk}k h}uæ hi bdök eh kgduk} fwxih}—" _hsk }d bfmh nkshbk) kpfmk) pfseduk7 “Ft) pxh}""" h}uæ mld}uk}duk—" Hb if uhihd}dýb edshmuf nh|dmfbf ik} fbxbmdk} eh pxcidmdefe t ik} nkehik} vxh fpfshmhb hb hiik} uh shmxhsefb vxh h}uæ} hb fij÷b ixjfs pfshmdek f ]xhmdf7 ukek} }kb sxcdk}1 hiif}) lhsnk}f} t cxhbässdnf}) idbef}) jxfpf}1 ik} bdök} }h sîhb }dhnpsh) }kb bfijkbmduk}) sk}feduk}) pshmdk}k}" _hsk }d }fih} f if mfiih t kc. }hsf} f ik} nh|dmfbk} mknxbh} t mkssdhbuh}) bk pxheh} næ} vxh ehmds “»Vxä h} h}uk;—) pksvxh f cf}h eh `xhswf t) eh}eh ixhjk) eh xb udpk eh dkihbmdf }dncýidmk) ik ckbduk h} }hs t pfshmhs gx}uk mknk h}k} dbfimfbwfcih}) bk mknk }knk} bk. }kusk}) nhwmifek} mkb ukek) ukek} }knk} xbf nhwmif eh mxfivxdhs mfbudefe eh nhwmif} pk}dcih}" If ed`hshbmdf f hmh}) pks nhbks vxh }hf) bk} mxh}uf nxmlk usfcfgk phs. mdcdsif) hbuhbehsif) }x}mdufsif) fmhpufsif" T pkesîfnk} efs xb pf}k xiuhsdks }d mkb}usxtäsfnk} xbf shifmdýb vxh bk phsedhsf if mkbuhnpifmdýb phsk }î hi uhssks f }hs ’dbfedek„ pks ik ed`hshbuh pfsf mkbuhnpifsik hb }x h}phmd stmdefe" »Mýnk mshfnk} xb udpk eh shifmdýb vxh }djf }x}mdufbek if ed`hshbmdf t vxh }hf h}f ed. `hshbmdf ”t bk if xbd`ksndefe k if xbdmdefe” if `xhswf eh h}f shifmdýb; Jsfh pskcihnf) pksvxh ufncdäb mfshmhnk} eh h}h udpk eh mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh mknx. bdmfmdýb"
MDCHSMXIUXSF MKNK KCGHUK EH MKBKMDNDHBUK Mxfbek lfcik eh mdchsmxiuxsf mknk kcghuk eh mkbkmdndhbuk) nh sh sthsk f xbf shifmdýb mknpihgf f edixmdefs hbush if} hmkikjîf} }dncýidmf} t hi hmuks uhmbkiý. jdmk) t hb h}phmdfi eh if} uhmbkikjîf} edjdufih} t if mknxbdmfmdýb nhedfef pks mknpxufeksf}) vxh lfb usfb}`ksnfek t usfb}`ksnfb mfef hw næ} hikwnhbuh hi nxbek eh if def) eh}eh if hmkbknîf lf}uf if pkiîudmf t ik} fiksh} eh if nd}. nf mkbdhbmdf mkudedfbf" Hb Nä|dmk fmuxfinhbuh lft næ} uhiä`kbk} mhixifsh} vxh uhiä`kbk} eh iîbhf} mkbhbmdkbfih}" Hb mf}d xb }djik) ikjsfnk} pkbhs mhsmf eh mfuksmh ndiikbh} eh iîbhf} eh mfcihfek uhih`ýbdmk1 }db hncfsjk) hb nhbk} eh mdbmk fök} }h fcsdhskb mhsmf eh hdbuh ndiikbh} eh iîbhf} mhixifsh} t pfshmh }hs vxh }hjxdsæ mshmdhbek h|pkbhbmdfinhbuh" Ä}uh t nxmlk} kusk} hghnpik} pxhehb }hs hkmfek}) phsk hi
84
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
mf}k h} vxh mf}d bk }fchnk} bfef eh vxä bk} h}uæ lfmdhbek hb bxh}usf} psk. pdf} hmkikjîf} }dncýidmf} if edjdufidwfmdýb ”ed}mshmdkbfi” ehi nxbek" Eh}eh ixhjk vxh h}uf} nxufmdkbh} bk }dhnpsh usfb}`ksnfb pfsf nfi" Lkt uhbhnk} n÷iudpih} pk}dcdidefeh} eh fmuxfs }kcsh hi nxbek t if dbuhidjhbmdf vxh fbuh} bk lfcîf `ksnf }dvxdhsf eh dnfjdbfsif}" Mkb hi `hbýnhbk eh if edjdufidwfmdýb) vxh hb hi `kbek bk h} næ} vxh mfncdfsih if `ksnf hbhsjäudmf ”eh æuknk} f cdu}” f ed`hshbuh} `ksnf} }dbjxifsh}) pkehnk} pf}fs eh `ksnfuk} fbfiýjdmk} f `ksnfuk} edjdufih}7 hb xb ed}mk fbfiýjdmk eh fmhufuk ”mshk vxh tf bk lft udhb. ef} vxh hbefb eh ä}uk}” hsf nxt mkn÷b) eh}pxä} eh xb udhnpk) kîs sxdek t }msfuml" Eh}eh ixhjk) lfcîf nxmlf} pskcfcdidefeh} eh vxh hi ed}mk }h sftf. sf" Flksf) if ed`hshbmdf h} vxh pxheh} nkhsuh eh nfbhsf nxt `æmdi) pxheh} mfncdfs eh wxsmk) pxheh} vxdufsih hi sxdek) pxheh} hmxfidwfsif t nfbdpxifsif psæmudmfnhbuh mf}d mknk eh}hh}) pksvxh h}uæ lhmlf hb `ksnfuk edjdufi" Hb hi nd}nk sfbjk eh dnpksufbmdf pfsf hbuhbehs if mdchsmxiuxsf mknk kcghuk eh mkbkmdndhbuk) ehchnk} mkikmfs if mknxbdmfmdýb nhedfef nhedfef pks mkn. pxufeksf}" Ä}uf kphsf pshmd}fnhbuh mkb }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb edjdufi" Xbf mknpxufeksf h} xbf nævxdbf eh db`ksnfmdýb" _hsk xbf mknpxufeksf mkbhm. ufef f xbf she) h} pfsuh eh xb }d}uhnf eh mknxbdmfmdýb mkb xbf sh}hsf eh x}k pkuhbmdfi dbnhb}f" H} pshkmxpfbuh hs mýnk tf h|d}uh xbf h}phmdh eh fidhbfek} k bhse} ehi nxbek eh if} mknpxufeksf}) vxh mknpduhb pks uhbhs k lfcifs) fi nhbk}) eh if ÷iudnf nkef hb hvxdpk k hb pskjsfnf}" T h} vxh nxmlf} hmh} }h mknpks. ufb mknk }d `xhsfb kusk næ} eh ik} hvxdpk} phsd`äsdmk} ,hi uhmifek) hi sfuýb) if dnpsh}ksf) hum"$ eh if mknpxufeksf" Fi lfmhsik) mksshnk} hi sdh}jk eh }knhuhs bxh}usf }hb}dcdidefe h dbuhidjhbmdf f ik} fdhbh} eh xbf nævxdbf vxh vxdäb }fch vxdäb ed}höý t vxdäb }fch mýnk kphsf" _hsk h}k }î) ¦h} nxt dnpksufbuh& X}fnk}) k mkbhbesîf nhgks ehmds) ’nhedk x}fnk}„ nævxdbf} nfsfdiik}f} t }kst}udmfef} mkb ’uhmbkikjîf eh pxbuf„""" pfsf h}msdcds uh|uduk}" Kusf} phs}k. bf} tf x}fb fehnæ} hi mksshk hihmusýbdmk pfsf nfbefs h}k} uh|uduk}" Bk uhbhs edshmmdýb hihmusýbdmf tf mf}d h} xb h}udjnf }kmdfi) phsk if jhbuh sh}pkbeh if} mfsuf} mknk }d iihjfsfb ukefîf pks cfsmk" Uh h}msdchb t mkbuh}uf} ¦mknk }hd} nh}h} eh}pxä}& Mdchsmxiuxsf }djbd stmf eh}fsskiifs h}uk} ush} mxiuxsf+mxiudk" Bk vxdhsh ehmds x}fs nxmlk }k st}udmfef} nævxdbf} mdchsbäudmf}" ]d eh}fsskiifnk} h}uk}
0?
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
ush} mxiuxsf+mxiudk) hbukbmh} pkehnk} }knhuhs if} nævxdbf} f bxh}usk pskthm. uk t kixbufe) t bk fi shä}" Tk usfcfgk flksf hb xb Ifcksfuksdk eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Eh}fsskiik hb Mknx. bdmfmdýb Mknpihgf ,Ifc MKNpih|$) vxh }h pdhb}f mknk xb bkek eh dbh}udjfmdýb t eh}fsskiik ,D!E$" Hb hi IfcMKNpih| dbh}udjfnk} pskmh}k} eh mknxbdmfmdýb mknpihgf t ufncdäb lfmhnk} mknxbdmfmdýb mknpihgf" Dbh}udjfnk} mdchsmxiux. sf) phsk ufncdäb eh}fsskiifnk} mdchsmxiuxsf" If mdchsmxiuxsf mknk kcghuk eh mkbkmdndhbuk) h}ufcihmh xbf shifmdýb vxh lft vxh mkbkmhs ”t vxh bk }h mkbkmh) bk }h usfcfgf hb if} xbdhs}defeh}” hbush if} `ksnf} hb vxh }h lfb shifmdkbfek bxh}usf} hmkikjîf} }dncýidmf} mkb if} uhm. bkikjîf} edjdufih} t mkb if mknxbdmfmdýb nhedfef pks if} mknpxufeksf}) vxh tk ehbkndbk hi hmuks uhmbkiýjdmk" Ik} hmuksh} }kb `xhswf} mkb edshmmdýb" Hi hmuks uhmbkiýjdmk h} xbf `xhswf) nxhh mk}f}) mfncdf mk}f} t udhbh xbf edshmmdýb) t fijxdhb if ksdhbuf t if lf ksdhbufek" H}uk bk udhbh bfef vxh hs mkb if uhksîf eh if mkb}pdsfmdýb bd mkb hi fpkmfidp}d}" _hsk }hjxsk vxh bk }knk} bd tk bd x}uheh} ik} vxh ’ksdhbufnk}„ h}h hmuks" Næ} cdhb h}ufnk} t lhnk} h}ufek ld}uýsdmfnhbuh f if mkif eh if uhmbkik. jîf" ]hjxdnk} hb if pxsf phsd`hsdf" Cxhbfnhbuh) fijxdhb hb fij÷b ifek ed}höf kcghuk} t ik} }d}uhnf} pfsf vxh ik} x}hnk} næ} k nhbk} t f nhedf}" Hb bxh}usk} pfî}h} hi bdhi eh }xc.xudid. wfmdýb eh if db`sfh}usxmuxsf db}ufifef) fmuxfinhbuh mkbhmufef) eh uhmbkikjîf} edjdufih} t eh mknpxufeksf}) h} hbksnh" Eäghbnh pshjxbufsih} fijk7 »Vxdäbh} udhbhb hb }x mf}f xbf dehkmf}huhsf) dehk shjd}usfeksf pfsf hs k jsfcfs d. ehk}; »_xhehb ihfbufs if nfbk; ,Nxmlf} nfbk} fiwfef}$ Jsfmdf}" Eh h}k} vxh }î) »vxdhbh} bk udhbhb }x dehkmf}huhsf phsnfbhbuhnhbuh mhbuhiihfbek mkb hi b÷nhsk 637?? lfmdhbek udm) udm) udm; ,_kmf}$ Mknk pkehnk} hs) }kb cf}ufbuh nhbk} nfbk} hb fiuk" Xb fpfsfuk eh h}uk} }h pxheh pskjsfnfs) }h pxhehb lfmhs edhs}f} mk}f} mkb äi) mknk jsfcfs if uhihbkhif mxfbek bk iihjfnk} fi hpd}kedk" H} næ} dbuhidjhbuh vxh xbf uhihd}dýb mkn÷b" Xb uhihd}ks bfef næ} }h pxheh hbmhbehs t fpfjfs" Lfciæcfnk} lfmh xb nknhbuk eh hmuksh} vxh h}uæb ksdhb. ufek}) »shmxhsefb; _xh} eäghbnh ehmdsih} vxh hb ik} fök} ushdbuf) mxfbek tf lfcîf if uhmbkik. jîf }xstmdhbuh pfsf eh}fsskiifs hi uhihd}ks) lfcîf ufncdäb }x stmdhbuh uhmbkikjîf pfsf ed}höfs kusk udpk eh ed}pk}dudk vxh `xhsf næ} edfiýjdmk) næ} lksdwkbufi"
06
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
]db hncfsjk) }h kpuý pks hi nkehik næ} cdhb hsudmfi) vxh ehgf hb if k}mxsdefe t hb hi }dihbmdk f ik} vxh ndsfb t f ik} vxh hnduhb" If uhihd}dýb h} xb nhedk ukbuk) phsk bk f}î if jhbuh vxh if ndsf k vxh if lfmh" ’Ukbuk„ hb hi }hbudek mdchsbäudmk) pksvxh bk pxheh} lfmhs psæmudmfnhbuh bfef mkb hiif næ} fiiæ eh fvxhiik pfsf ik vxh `xh pskjsfnfef" H} xb mkbexmuk eh xbk ”nxt pkehsk}k t pihbk eh shmxs. }k}” pfsf nxmlk} t) fi nhbk} hb ik} næ} mkbkmdek} }d}uhnf}) bk lft `ksnf eh vxh lftf edæikjk) shckuh" Hb h}f uh}duxsf) ik} psh}hbufeksh} edmhb pks pxsf sh. uýsdmf7 “Cxhbk) }d bk} phsnduhb) bk} fnk} f xbk} nhb}fgh} mknhsmdfih}"""— _hsk }d u÷ bk vxdhsh} mfncdfs eh mkbmhbusfmdýb) pxheh} ’ehmdsih„7 “Bk) bk ih i h phsnduk—" ]db hncfsjk) f äi ”hb shfidefe) f if uhihd}ksf” bk ih dnpksuf) bd uh ktý ”bd uh pxheh kîs” t hi ffixgk eh dnæjhbh} }h }xphspkbh f ux eh}hk) }db pk}dcdidefe næ} vxh eh fpfjfs k mfncdfs eh mfbfi" Hb xb h}vxhnf pfshmdek) f hmh} f}î }h lfmhb if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" ]h lfmhb t ed}höfb }kcsh ’dnæjhbh}„ vxh }h udhbhb eh if jhbuh) eh if mxiuxsf ”hb fc}usfmuk”) ehi pfî} t ehi nxbek) }db sh`hshbuh} mifsk} t }db xbf db`sfh}usxmuxsf vxh phsnduf vxh ik} ’kusk}„ ”ik} ’chbh stmdfsdk}„ eh if pkiîudmf” lfcihb) }h h|psh}hb) }h h}mxmlhb" Hb fnck} mf}k}) if shifmdýb h} hs. udmfi) eh}mhbehbuh) }ksef t mdhjf" Ukef} h}uf} sh}xiufb }hs mkbedmdkbh} pfsf bk uhbhs if ffih|dcdidefe bd if }hb}dcdidefe shvxhsdef} pks hi nknhbuk nxbedfi t if mknpihgdefe ehi uhgdek }kmdk.}dncýidmk }kcsh hi vxh }h vxdhsh dbuhshbds" If mdchsmxiuxsf mknk kcghuk eh mkbkmdndhbuk }h mkbmhbusf hb kihs dbuh. idjdcih} if} mknpihgf} `ksnf} eh shifmdýb hbush hi hmuks uhmbkiýjdmk t bxh}usf} hmkikjîf} }dncýidmf}" Xb æshf vxh udhbh nxmlf} pk}dcdidefeh} eh eh}fsskiik t vxh) fehnæ}) h} msxmdfi pfsf hbuhbehs fijxbf} eh if} usfb}`ksnfmdkbh} næ} dnpksufbuh} eh if }kmdhefe ehi }djik \\D" _hsk ufncdäb vxhshnk} hbuhbehs if mdchsmxiuxsf mknk xb fiks eh eh}fsskiik }kmdfi" Ik vxh vxhshnk} lfmhs mkb hiik h} mxiudfs) shmkb stjxsfs) h}udnxifs) `fmdidufs xb eh}fsskiik hb ush} ednhb}dkbh} hbushifwfef}) pihbfnhbuh dbuhsshifmdkbfef} t mkbhsjhbuh}7 mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh db`ksnfmdýb idjfef mkb mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh db. h}udjfmdýb t mxiuxsf+mxiudk eh mknxbdmfmdýb" »_fsf vxä; _fsf shxudidwfs if} pkehsk}f} lhssfndhbuf} uhmbkiýjdmf} hb xb }hbudek vxh bk} phsnduf jfbfs fxuk. ehuhsndbfmdýb t pkuhbmdfs bxh}usf mfpfmdefe eh sh}kihs pskcihnf} mkbmshuk}" _fsf uhbhs pk}dcdidefeh} shfih} eh }knhuhs if uhmbkikjîf fi h}pîsdux) h|fmufnhb. uh hb if edshmmdýb mkbusfsdf f if vxh bk} `xhswf) mkb ukef }x msxehwf) hi hmuks uhmbkiýjdmk" H}phsk vxh }hf sfwkbfcih ik vxh vxdhsk ehmds t }h hbudhbef hi }hb.
03
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
udek eh h}uh ifcksfuksdk ed}usdcxdek vxh h} hi Ifc MKNpih|" Hb hi IfcMKNpih| uhbhnk} xbf }hsdh eh mxfusk }xc}d}uhnf} eh usfcfgk h}phmî stmk ,db`ksnfmdýb) `ksnfmdýb) ed`x}dýb t pskexmmdýb$ vxh h}uæb ksdhbufek} lfmdf hi vxdbuk }xc. }d}uhnf ehi ed}hök mxiuxsfi h dbuhshbmdýb" _hb}fnk} vxh h} pk}dcih mfncdfs t shed}höfs hi nkek ”dssfmdkbfi) lhuhsýbknk) ed}ufi) }kcsh.dehkikjdwfek mf}d }dhnpsh hb ’bxh}usf mkbusf„” hb vxh bk} shpsh}hbufnk} bxh}usf shifmdýb mkb if} uhmbkikjîf} eh h}uh hmuks" T h}k h} phs`hmufnhbuh pk}dcih" Hi IfcMKNpih| kphsf mkb xbf h}usxmuxsf eh she eh îbmxik} t eh bkek} hb fsdk} bdhih} fi dbuhsdks eh if Xbdhs}defe Dchskfnhsdmfbf ”vxh h} }x }heh”) hb fijxbf} mdxefeh} eh Nä|dmk) t h}ufnk} mknhbwfbek f uhghsbk} mkb kusk} jsxpk} eh Fnäsdmf Ifudbf t Hxskpf" Hi kcghudk h} kphsfs mkb pskmh}k} eh dbuhidjhbmdf ed}usdcxdef pfsf ukek} ik} pskmh}k} eh dbh}udjfmdýb t eh}fsskiik eh mdchsmxiuxsf vxh }h hnpshbefb" Xb hghnpik eh ik vxh lfmhnk} h} if pskpxh}uf eh dbh}udjfmdýb vxh ksjfbd. wfnk} mkb hi hvxdfihbuh eh x}uheh} fi Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf M xiuxsf hb nd pfî}) f usfä} ehi @kbek Bfmdkbfi pfsf if Mxiuxsf t if} Fsuh} ,@KBMF$" Hbukbmh}) ik vxh ldmdnk} `xh usfufs eh lfmhs dbh}udjfmdýb t ed}hök eh uhmbkikjîf Uftiks Nfeh ”f if nhed. ef”" »Vxä bhmh}duf }fchs; »Vxä udpk eh db`ksnfmdýb shvxdhsh pfsf kphsfs næ} hstmdhbuhnhbuh; »Vxä udpk eh dbh}udjfmdýb h} pshmd}f pfsf bxusds h}h }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb cæ}dmk t phsnfbhbuh; »Vxä udpk eh }d}uhnf} eh mknxbdmfmdýb shvxdhsh} pfsf vxh ux fmmdýb }hf mkbmhsufef) uhbjf mkb}d}uhbmdf t bk }hf bfef næ} if }xnf eh nxmlf} edshmmdkbh}) ekbeh mfef vxdhb udsf pfsf }x pskpdk ifek; Hi shuk h} mýnk mkb}usxdnk} mkb}d}uhbmdf ufbuk ehbusk mknk `xhsf" Sh}phmuk f ik} }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb) nh jx}ufsîf ehmds vxh if ed`hshbmdf hbush xb nkbuýb eh pfphih} t idcsk} nhudek} hb xb mxfsuk mkb xbf cdcidkuhmf) h} pshmd}fnhbuh xb }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb" Nxmlk} idcsk} bk lfmhb cdcidkuhmf" If cdcidkuhmf h} pk}dcih }kifnhbuh f usfä} eh xb }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb" Nxmlk} shpksuh} eh mfef vxdhb }kcsh }x fmuddefe) bk lfmhb xb }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb) ik lfmhb mxfbek lft xbf dbuhidjhbmdf mkihmudf) if eh x}uheh}) usfcfgfbek hb db. uhs`f}h mkb kusf} phs}kbf} h|phsdnhbufef}) vxh ikjsf lfmhs vxh h}uk }h xhif xbf lhssfndhbuf phsnfbhbuh eh usfcfgk) eh mkb}xiuf t fbæid}d}" Hb `xbmdýb eh ukef h}uf sh ffih|dýb t psæmudmf) »vxä h} ik vxh pskpkbhnk} pfsf dbh}udjfs bxhf} `ksnf} eh hfixfs if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi; _fsf bk}kusk} hfixfs xbf pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi bk }h idnduf f hs }d }h jfbý edbhsk k bk) }d hbusý
0=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
nxmlf jhbuh k }d `xh pkvxduf hb ufi h}phmuæmxik) }dbk usfufs eh h}ufcihmhs xbf shifmdýb cfifbmhfef hbush ush} hihnhbuk} `xbefnhbufih} ,äf}h mxfesk 6$7 ik} mshfeksh}) ik} pskexmuk} t) pks }xpxh}uk) hi jsfb fx}hbuh eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷. cidmf}) ik} p÷cidmk}) h} ehmds) }x} x}xfsdk}) if jhbuh vxh h} if chbh stmdfsdf eh if} fmmdkbh} eh ik} mshfeksh}" Hi jsfb ckvxhuh) if Fuiæbudef) hi mkbudbhbuh phsedek eh if dbh}udjfmdýb ”phsk ufncdäb eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}” h} if jhbuh) f if mxfi ik} ndbd}uhsdk} h}uæb kcidjfek} f mkbkmhs t }kb sh}pkb}fcih} eh }hsds" Mxfesk 6" Udpk} eh db`ksnfmdýb shvxhsdef t xbdefeh} eh fmmdýb eh pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" Mshfeksh}
_skexmuksh}
_÷cidmk}
_xbuk} Usfthmuksdf} H}mhbfsdk}
If dehf ehi nkehik pskpxh}uk h} vxh mfef xbk eh h}k} ush} hihnhbuk} pxheh }hs usfcfgfek mknk pxbuk} ,db`ksnfmdýb }dbmsýbdmf$) mknk usfthmuksdf} ,db`ks. nfmdýb edfmsýbdmf$ k eh}pihjfek} hb h}mhbfsdk} ,db`ksnfmdýb mkbuh|uxfi$" If db`ksnfmdýb pxbuxfi h} sh`hshbmdfi t eh}msdpudf eh xb nknhbuk eh. uhsndbfek hb hi udhnpk t hb hi h}pfmdk1 mkb hiif uhbhnk}) pks hghnpik) stmlf} t mif}dstmfmdkbh} uämbdmf}) kcsf} k shphsuksdk}) edshmuksdk} eh pskexmuksh} eh mdbh) h}ufeî}udmf} eh f}d}uhbmdf f xbf cdcidkuhmf" If db`ksnfmdýb usfthmuksdfi h} xb pkmk næ} mknpihgf) pxh} shifmdkbf mkbh|dkbh} hbush pxbuk} f ik ifsjk ehi udhnpk" »]h h}msdch djxfi hb Mkikncdf lkt vxh lfmh mxfshbuf k mdbmxhbuf fök}; »]h pskexmh hi nd}nk udpk eh pdbuxsf}; H}h h} hi udpk eh pshjxbuf} vxh hi bdhi usfthmuksdfi uh phsnduh phb}fs" _hsk ik næ} dnpksufbuh) hi bdhi næ} mknpihgk h} hi bdhi eh ik} h}mhbfsdk}) h} ehmds) mxfbek uhbhnk} if db`ksnfmdýb }x stmdhbuh pfsf shifmdkbfs ik} h}mhbfsdk} t mkb stjxsfmdkbh} eh xb mfnpk eh pskexmmdýb h}phmîstmk vxh phsndudhskb if fpfsdmdýb eh h}f kcsf) eh h}h pskexmuks) eh h}k} p÷cidmk} h}phmdfidwfek}" If db`ksnfmdýb eh ik} pxbuk} pxheh }hs ld}uýsdmf) psh}hbuh k `xuxsf" Hi }h. jxbek bdhi eh usfthmuksdf} h} mxfbek h}ufcihmhnk} ik} îbmxik} hb hi udhnpk) if shifmdýb vxh lft hbush hiik}" »Mýnk }xmheh vxh lftf `fndidf} mknpihuf} eh fsud}uf} k eh n÷}dmk}; ]d }h f}knfb f if jhbhfikjîf eh Gklfbb ]hcf}udæb Cfml)
05
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
fb f hs vxh hb }x `fndidf) h} xbk ”hi næ} csdiifbuh” hbush ehmhbf} eh n÷}dmk}" _fsf vxh h}k }xmhef) uxk vxh lfchs xb pskmh}k eh fmxnxifmdýb t usfb}nd}dýb eh mfpdufi mxiuxsfi h}phmî stmk ”lfcdidefeh}” t eh mfpdufi }kmdfi ”sheh} eh sh. ifmdkbh} nkdidwfbuh}”) eh ik} vxh bk }fchnk} mf}d bfef) t eh}eh ixhjk) ufi t mknk }h ed}höfb if} hbmxh}uf} jhbhsfih}) h}uf} ednhb}dkbh} bk pxhehb fpfsh. mhs) t f ph}fs eh }x shihfbmdf mifh) }dnpihnhbuh }kb mdhbuî stmfnhbuh dbd}dcih} k }h dbuxthb eh nfbhsf f hmh} csdiifbuh) phsk }db pk}dcdidefe eh }d}uhnfudwfs if h|phsdhbmdf pfsf dbmkspksfs h}h }fchs mknpihgk fi ed}hök eh fmmdkbh} vxh h}udnxihb if mshfmdýb fsuî}udmf hb }x mkbgxbuk" _ks h}k }fchnk} vxh bk lft bfef næ} hvxîkmk vxh xb pksmhbufgh pfsf shpsh}hbufs xbf psæmudmf mxiuxsfi" Mfef psæmudmf mxiuxsfi h} hi sh}xiufek eh fi nhbk} ek} ld}uksdf}7 pks xb ifek) if ld}uksdf eh ik} }kpksuh} nfuhsdfih} vxh pk}dcdidufb if fpfsdmdýb ”ehbusk eh xbf hmkikjîf }dncýidmf pfsudmxifs” eh h}f psæmudmf1 pks kusk) if ld}uksdf eh if} ed}pk}dmdkbh} mkjbdudf}) eh ik} h}vxhnf} dbmkspksfek} pfsf ed}udbjxds) phsmdcds) fpskcfs) fiksfs t ehjx}ufs xb udpk eh pskexmuk" Mxfbek tk mshmî hb if mdxefe eh Nä|dmk) hb if mif}h nhedf ehi }xs eh if mdxefe) bxbmf hb nd def nh pskldcdhskb f}d}uds fi h}phmuæmxik ehi cxsih}vxh" Bk }ä }d fvxî ufncdäb lxck k lft h}k" H} xb h}phmuæmxik eh nxghsh} cfdifbek vxh }h eh}bxefb) nxt edfiýjdmk) uhfusk eh mfspf" Mfbudb ffif}) Udb Ufb t nxmlk} eh ik} mýndmk} nh|dmfbk} eh ukef xbf äpkmf }fidhskb eh h}f} mfspf}" T ih} ehmîf vxh hb nd mf}f bxbmf h}uxk pskldcdek h|piîmdufnhbuh ds flî" Bd }dvxdhsf hbusfcf hb if} hihmmdkbh} pk}dcih}) bk stjxsfcf ehbusk eh if} kpmdkbh}" Ndhb. usf} vxh hb kusk} lkjfsh} eh kusf} wkbf} eh if mdxefe t kusf} mif}h} }kmdfih}) if ixmlf idcsh t if} mfspf} hsfb if nhgks `ksnf eh edhs}dýb" edhs }dýb" »Mýnk }h ehuhsndbfb h}f} h}usxmuxsf} eh ik pk}dcih; Bk uhbhnk} bd dehf) if dbh}udjfmdýb }h ehedmf f kusf} mk}f}" Hi }d}uhnf eh db`ksnfmdýb ehch t pxheh shmkb}usxds if usfthmuksdf eh ik} fsud}uf}) if usfthmuksdf eh ik} pskexmuk} t if usfthmuksdf eh ik} p÷cidmk}" Ik} p÷. cidmk} bk bfmhb) }h fb mkb}usxthbek hb shifmdýb mkb xb hmk}d}uhnf eh }kpksuh} nfuhsdfih} }db ik} mxfih} hi fmmh}k f if} ed}pk}dmdkbh} vxh }h shvxdhshb pfsf eh. jx}ufs if} kcsf} h}) }d bk dnpk}dcih) nxt h}mf}k t fihfuksdk" H}f h} if hmkikjîf eh ik} }kpksuh} nfuhsdfih}) t if ld}uksdf eh }x mshfmdýb) nfbuhbdndhbuk) ed}usdcx. mdýb t k`hsuf hb hi udhnpk ukefîf bk} h} dbd}dcih"
08
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
_hsk hi uhsmhs h}mhbfsdk) hi næ} dnpksufbuh) h} mxfbek if usfthmuksdf }h pkbh hb shifmdýb mkb xbf fsdhefe eh hmk}d}uhnf} eh }kpksuh} nfuhsdfih} eh if mxiuxsf" H}k mkb`ksnf xbf hmkikjîf }dncýidmf" If mdchsmxiuxsf mknk kcghuk eh mkbkmdndhbuk h}usdcf hb nk}usfs t h|pidmfs mýnk h}uæb f`hmufbek f h}uk} h}mhbfsdk} t f h}f} usfthmuksdf} ik} pskmh}k} eh edjdufidwfmdýb t if mknxbdmfmdýb nhedfef pks mknpxufeksf}" Nh sh sthsk f if `ks. nf mknk lfb fiuhsfek hi nkek hb vxh bk} shifmdkbfnk} eh n÷iudpih} nfbhsf} mkb hi nxbek t if def" Hbukbmh}) h}uk} h}mhbfsdk} }kb næ} mknpihgk}) phsk }kb phs`hmufnhbuh ehuhsndbfcih}) ufbuk mknk hi nkek hb vxh }h mknhbwfskb f `ksnfs mshfeksh}" »_ks vxä hb Nä|dmk) hb Bæpkih}) hb Mkikncdf }h pskexmh ufbuf n÷}dmf; T feh. næ} if }fchb) }h mfbuf t }h mkbkmh" Mkb}usxds t hbuhbehs edmlk} h}mhbfsdk} shvxdhsh xb bdhi eh db`ksnfmdýb eh uhsmhs ksehb eh mknpihgdefe) ekbeh dbuhjsfnk} db`ksnfmdýb pxbuxfi mkb db`ksnfmdýb usfthmuksdfi) t hbukbmh} pkehnk} dbuhbufs hbuhbehs t shmkb}usxds dp}k `fmuk vxä udpk eh shifmdkbh} nxiudednhb}dkbfih} pxedhskb jhbhsfs ufi k mxfi pxbuk k eh}pifwfndhbuk) mýnk h}ufnk} lkt) t eh}eh ixhjk) pkesîfnk} lf. mhs h|usfpkifmdkbh} pfsf ed}höfs hb vxä udpk eh h}mhbfsdk} vxd}däsfnk} h}ufs" If} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} pkesîfb chbh stmdfs}h nxmlk pshmd}fnhbuh eh ik lf}uf fvxî edmlk" Hb kusf} pfifcsf}) pfsf nî xbf pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi h} h stmdhbuh t hstmfw mxfbek ikjsf jhbhsfs xbf usdpih nf}f msîudmf) mknpxh}uf eh pskexmuksh}) eh kcsf} t eh p÷cidmk}" Xb b÷nhsk }x stmdhbuhnhbuh h}udnxifek eh hihnhbuk} dbuhsshifmdkbfek}) xbf nf}f msîudmf) xb b÷nhsk nîbdnk" Fths pkbîf xb hghnpik nxt }dnpih eh xbf nf}f msîudmf) phsk pxheh `xb. mdkbfs pfsf hbuhbehs h}h mkbmhpuk" Mxfbek }h lfmhb msd}phuf}) }h pkbhb f mfihbufs }hndiif} eh nfîw msd}phuhsk) t mxfbek hi mfiks phbhusf hb if nhncsf. bf eh mfef }hndiif) h|mduf) h}udnxif) pkbh f dcsfs if} nkiämxif} eh h}f }hndiif" _hsk bk h} bfef næ} pksvxh if} px}k f dcsfs) }dbk mxfbek iihjf f xb iînduh hb vxh nxmlf} nkiämxif}) xb b÷nhsk nîbdnk eh nkiämxif} ”nf}f msîudmf”) }h pkbh f dcsfs) mxfbek eh shphbuh mfncdf eh h}ufek) }h usfb}`ksnf hb kusf mk}f" ]db eh}fsskiik eh xbf nf}f msîudmf h} dnpk}dcih mfncdfs" Lft hghnpik}) hb }kmdhefeh} mknk if `sfbmh}f k if bksuhfnhsdmfbf) eh mýnk mxfbek }h iihjf f xb b÷nhsk nîbdnk eh fi`fchudwfek}) if pskexmmdýb iduhsfsdf t if} dnpshbuf} efb xb }fiuk mxæbudmk"
00
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
]hpfnk}) hbukbmh}) hfixfs xbf pkiîudmf p÷cidmf mxiuxsfi eh fmxhsek mkb }x ä|duk hb if mshfmdýb eh sheh} eh pskexmuksh}) eh xbf nf}f msîudmf eh pskexmuksh}) bk mfnfsdiif} eh dbukmfcih}" ]d x}uheh} hb hi psh}xpxh}uk vxh dbdhsuh hi jkcdhsbk `hehsfi hb mxiuxsf hb if mdxefe eh Nä|dmk) fb f hs vxh h} hbksnh7 hi 4?( eh lfmh fijxbk} xbk} fök}) pfshmh vxh cfgý lfmh pkmk lf}uf hi :?() t hi sh}ufbuh) kusk =?() h} dbhsudek hb ’if pskdbmdf„" T vxdhb vxdhsf usdxb`fs hb uhfusk) edjfnk}) hb Nfbdwfih}) uhbesæ vxh hbds}h f Ckjkuæ k f Bxhf Tksa) f Ndfnd k f Nä|dmk k f _fsî}) }d udhbh }x stmdhbuh} shifmdkbh} t edbhsk" _hsk »vxdäbh} pxhehb lfmhs h}k; ]dhnpsh ehphbehnk} eh `fmuk. sh} fihfuksdk}) pksvxh bk uhbhnk} xbf nf}f msîudmf eh pskexmuksh}) k }d if uhbhnk} bk h}uæ mkbhmufef k bk }fchnk} bfef eh hiif k h}uæ }db h}uînxik} pk}dcih}" »Mýnk hbuhbehs xbf nf}f msîudmf eh pskexmuk}; »Mxæbek xb pdbuks pxheh h|pkbhs;) mxfbek udhbh xbf kcsf ik }x stmdhbuhnhbuh mkb}d}uhbuh pfsf vxh pxhef }hs h|pxh}uf" »Mxæbek pxcidmf xb bkhid}uf;) mxfbek if bkhif udh. bh }xstmdhbuh ehb}defe mknk pfsf pkehs lfmhsik" T f}î edmdhbek" Xbf pkiîudmf }h pxheh h}ufcihmhs ufncdäb pfsf hi mshmdndhbuk t if mfidefe eh ik} pskexmuk} t) pks }xpxh}uk) h}k bk lft nfbhsf eh lfmhsik }d bk h}ufcihmhnk} pkiîudmf} jhbhsfih} pfsf mshfs xbf nf}f msîudmf eh p÷cidmk}) pfsf vxh bk nxhsfb eh lfncsh ik} uhfushsk} t ik} n÷}dmk} t ik} pdbuksh} hb hi nxbek" ¦Vxä kcsf} ufb cxhbf}& _hsk fb f hsif} ush} jfuk}) vxh }xhihb }hs }dhnpsh ik} nd}nk}" Lft xb uhfusk vxh phjf eh shphbuh) »pks vxä phjf ;) pksvxh h} mlfcfmfbk) pksvxh edmh ficxsh}) pksvxh lfmh mlkssfef}) phsk lf mshfek xb p÷cidmk" Hbukbmh}) lft `xbmdkbfsdk} eh mxiuxsf vxh edmhb7 “Bk) h}k bk h} mxiuxsf) h}k h} cf}xsf" If mxiuxsf h} ik vxh v xh }xcidnf hi h}pîsdux—" _xh} }î) phsk h}ufnk} fekpufbek xbf mkbmhpmdýb eh mxiuxsf eh pfî}h} vxh tf udhbhb xbf hihfef nf}f msîudmf" If nf}f msîudmf eh jhbuh eh uhfusk hb Bxhf Tksa) h} nxmlk næ} ehb}f vxh if eh mf}d ukek hi nxbek) tf }hfb uxsd}uf} k ikmfih}" If nf}f msîudmf eh h}msduksh}) eh jxdkbd}uf}) eh fmuksh}) eh mfbufbuh}) h}mhbýjsf`k}) ehch }hs cf}ufbuh }djbd stmfudf" Hbukbmh}) pshjxbuänkbk} vxä ufbuk }x} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} h}uæb mkifcksfbek f mshfs xbf nf}f msîudmf eh pskexmuksh}) xbf nf}f msîudmf eh pskexmuk}) xbf nf}f msîudmf eh p÷cidmk}" “H} vxh tk }kt fxuks t tk pskexwmk pfsf if huhsbdefe) bk pfsf hi p÷cidmk—) edmhb fijxbk}) mknk xbf uknf eh pk}dmdýb `shbuh f if mknhsmdfidwfmdýb cfbfi ehi fsuh" _hsk lft xb p÷cidmk pkuhbmdfi" »Mýnk lfmhnk} pfsf vxh h}h p÷cidmk
0:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
ftf f hsuh t bk h}uä} phsnfbhbuhnhbuh chmfek) vxh pxhef} dds eh ux fsuh eh nfbhsf edjbf t mkb phs}phmudf} eh mshmdndhbuk; F hmh} }h }x}mdufb }duxfmdkbh} fc}xsef} pksvxh) }d bk lft xbf pkiîudmf eh h}ufek t mkb shmxs}k} pfsf hi fpktk f if mshfmdýb fsuî}udmf) nxmlf} hmh} mkb if} chmf}) ik vxh lfmhnk} mkb h}k h} }kifnhbuh `knhbufs pskexmuksh} ÷csdmk} ”eh xcsh”) t hi nd}nk h}vxhnf kphsf pfsf ik} dbh}udjfeksh}" “]d lft xcsh) pskexw. mk) t }d bk) pxh} bk—" T if xcsh ”phsnîufbnh ehmdsik” }kb x}uheh}) hi Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf) h}k }î) fxbvxh mkb ek} ph}k} eh psh}xpxh}uk" H}) hb hsefe) xbf xcsh h}mf}f) if} fmf} h}uæb cf}ufbuh ffifmf}) phsk if} chmf} ih fb f ukmfs f fijxdhb" »T vxä f f lfmhs hi mshfeks mkb h}k; »H}h fpktk ftxeý f mshfs fij÷b udpk eh she eh nxiudpidmfmdýb; »Mxbedý hb fijk næ}; »K }dnpihnhbuh }h ik mkndý }kiduk hi fxuks t }x} fndjk} ehi finf; »Mýnk lfmhs pfsf h}ufcihmhs h}k; Bk ik }fchnk} cdhb f cdhb" Bhmh}dufsîfnk} nhgksh} }d}uhnf} eh }hjxdndhbuk t) eh}eh ixhjk) eh mknxbdmfmdýb pfsf }fchsik" Bk h} bfef `æmdi" »Vxä lfmhs pfsf pkehs p kehs jhbhsfs xbf dbh}udjfmdýb eh h}uh udpk; Lfcsîf vxh ehuhmufs f ik} fjhbuh} dbkixmsfcih}) f ik} x}xfsdk} t f ik} jhbhsfeksh}" X}uheh} udhbhb vxh hbmkbusfs) mknk Ndbd}uhsdk vxh }kb) vxdäb pxhef eh}fsskiifs if dbh}udjfmdýb) t pkbhs}h f mkbhs}fs mkb hiik}" Vxdäbh} pxhehb pskhhs if db`ksnfmdýb vxh }h shvxdhsh" T h}uk bk h} mknk hb xbf h}mfihsf hs. udmfi" ]h lfmh pk}dcih }d h}uæb mkbhmufek}" »Vxdäbh} }kb) eýbeh h}uæb ik} vxh ehchb iihfs hi nhb}fgh f if fxedhbmdf mifh eh ik vxh vxhshnk} v xhshnk} }fchs; »Vxdäbh} }kb) eýbeh h}uæb ik} x}xfsdk} vxh fb f x}fs if db`ksnfmdýb pfsf eh}msdcds if} mk}f} vxh vxhshnk} eh}msdcds; »Vxdäbh} }kb) eýbeh h}uæb ik} vxh fb f uknfs ehmd}dkbh} cf}fef} hb ik} lfiifwjk}; H}h h} xb hvxdpk eh nxmlf jhbuh t h}k }kifnhbuh }h pxheh mkb}usxds }d uhbh. nk} mxiuxsf eh mknxbdmfmdýb) }d dbuhshbdnk} hi nkek mknk bk} mknxbdmfnk} hbush bk}kusk}) mkb ik} mshfeksh} t) eh}eh ixhjk) mkb if }kmdhefe" Hbukbmh}) pf}f vxh ik} ndbd}uhsdk} eh mxiuxsf }h mkndhbwfb f mkbhsuds hb mk}uk}k} hih`fbuh} cifbmk} vxh lfmhb ”mknk ehmîfb Ihbbkb t NmMfsubht) fii du—} bkzlhsh pifb} `ks bkcket ” lfmdhbek }x} pifbh} eh bdbj÷b ixjfs t pfsf bfedh k) hb ukek mf}k) pfsf ik} eh }dhnpsh) ik} tf }hihmmdkbfek} }kmdfinhbuh) ik} vxh tf jfbfskb" »_hsk mýnk ’eh}fsskiifnk}„ fi phssfi mxiuxsfi) fi mkbgxbuk dbed}msdndbfek eh ik} phssk} mfiihghsk} mxiuxsfih}; »Mxæi h}) hbukbmh}) if uhbehbmdf; “Lfjfnk} næ} uhfusk} nkbxnhbufih}) xbf jsfb mf}f eh if mxiuxsf t if h|pk}dmdýb hb hi
0<
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
Nx}hk Bfmdkbfi—" _xh} }î) vxh }h lfjfb) phsk »pks vxä v xä bk `fkshmhnk} ufncdäb næ} jfsfjh} eh if mxiuxsf) hb ixjfs eh hbksnh} t mf}d }dhnpsh fmîf} mf}f} eh if mxiuxsf; H}vxdbf} eh if mxiuxsf) sdbmkbfef} eh if mxiuxsf) ekbeh }h hbmxhb. usfb ed`hshbuh} hb mkbhsjhbmdf eh pskpý}duk} f lfmhs skma ) f lfmhs fiihbfuk) f lfmhs pkh}îf fi fdsh" _ksvxh ufncdäb hb if }kmdhefe lft xbf phsmhpmdýb eh vxh x}uheh}) hi Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf) }kb if xcsh) h}mf}f hiif) phsk xcsh fi stb" T if hnpsh}f psdfef vxh pkesîf uhbhs mfpdufi pfsf dbhsudsik fvxî) bk ik nhuh pks. vxh bk h} ukbuf) pksvxh ukek ik vxh dbdhsuh hb mxiuxsf ”’}h }fch„” h} f `kbek phsedek) t h}k h} ik vxh f hmh} pdhb}fb ik} pskpdk} `xbmdkbfsdk} eh mxiuxsf t ehi jkcdhsbk) “dbhsuds hb mxiuxsf h} dbhsuds f `kbek phsedek1 }d h} dsshmxphsfcih) nhgks vxh }hf pkvxduk—" _hsk »pkehnk} efsbk} mxhbuf eh ik bhjfudk eh h}uk} h}uhshkudpk}; Mxfbek if jhbuh vxh uknf ehmd}dkbh} næ} fssdcf eh x}uheh}) f bdhi hghmxudk ”pks hghnpik) }kcsh if f}djbfmdýb eh psh}xpxh}uk}” pxhef sknphs ekmxnhb. ufefnhbuh) mkb if ftxef eh }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb t mkb ik} mkbkmdndhbuk} `sh}mk} ehsdfek} eh xb fmudk }d}uhnf eh dbh}udjfmdýb† mxfbek h}uf jhbuh pxhef sknphs ”ehmîf” mkb ik} pshgxdmdk} st gk} vxh skbefb fi fsuh t if mshfmdýb) pkesæb hbuhbehs vxh eh}fsskiifs h}f} nf}f} msîudmf} eh if mxiuxsf ”pskexmuksh}) kcsf} t p÷cidmk}” }djbd stmf }hbufs if} cf}h} }x}uhbufcih} ”hmkbýndmfnhbuh df. cih}” t }x}ufbudf} ”mkb fsshjik f fiksh}” pfsf eh}fsskiifs eh nfbhsf dbuhjsfi t nhbk} eh}hbufgk}f fi pfî} hb if} bxhf} mkbedmdkbh} eh if }kmdhefe ehi }djik \\D" Mxfbek h}k mkndhbmh f }xmhehs ”t h} uämbdmfnhbuh pk}dcih lfmhsik”) ih} f}hjxsk vxh }x} psh}xpxh}uk} bk }hsîfb ufb h|djxk}" H} xbf ifcks vxh uhbhnk} vxh lfmhs hb mkbgxbuk ufbuk ik} i k} dbh}udjfeksh} mknk ik} `xbmdkbfsdk} t if }kmdh. efe mddi" T h}uk }h usfcfgf mkb sheh} eh mknxbdmfmdýb" Hb h}uk mkb}d}uh xbf phs}phmudf mdchsmxiuxsfi eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) h} ehmds) vxh kphsh mkbgxbufnhbuh mkb }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb) }d}uhnf} eh dbh}udjfmdýb t }d}uhnf} eh mknxbdmfmdýb) mkb}usxdek} edfiýjdmfnhbuh hbush dbh}udjfeksh} t `xbmdkbfsdk} t ed}höfek} h}phmdfinhbuh pfsf if hfixfmdýb) hi ed}hök) hi mkbkmdndhbuk t if fpidmfmdýb eh bxhf} fmmdkbh} pfsf h}udnxifs if mshfmdýb fsuî}udmf hb xbf }kmdhefe mkb ufbuf} mfshbmdf} t mkb ufbuf} xsjhbmdf}" If ifcks eh if dbh}udjfmdýb h}uæ hb mýnk mkbhsuds ik} kcghuk}) if shfidefe vxh fcsxnf) ik} pskcihnf} psæmudmk} eh lkt t eh }dhnpsh) hb ednhb}dkbh} kc. }hsfcih} t shifmdkbfcih}) pfsf mkb hiif} pkehs jhbhsfs }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb
04
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
h}phmdfih}) vxh phsndufb mfbfidwfs fehmxfef t ekmxnhbufefnhbuh if} hbhsjîf} t shmxs}k}" Mfef hw næ}) if} hnpsh}f}) if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh}) if} db}uduxmdkbh} h}uæb hbuhbedhbek h}usfuäjdmfnhbuh if dnpksufbmdf ehi mkbkmdndhbuk vxh }h jhbhsf1 vxh if dbuhidjhbmdf vxh }h jhbhsf pfsf sh}kihs pskcihnf} hb }x db}uduxmdýb bk ehch phsehs}h mxfbek mfncdf hi jkcdhsbk) bk ehch phsehs}h mxfbek }h mfncdf hi hvxdpk f kusf hnpsh}f) pksvxh }d mfncdý hi jkcdhsbk) mfncdý if ndbd}usf) mfncdý hi edshmuks) t mkb hiik} ukek ik vxh }h lfcîf lhmlk fbuh}) uhsndbf hb ckssýb t mxhbuf bxhf) t kusf hw lft vxh kihs f hnphwfs f lfmhs if} mk}f} eh mhsk) k næ} cdhb) eh nhbk} mhsk) pksvxh h}uk h} psk`xbef h dssh}pkb}fcihnhbuh dbhstmdhbuh" If} jsfbeh} hnpsh}f}) if} jsfbeh} db}uduxmdkbh} h}uæb mfef hw næ} hbuhbedhbek vxh hi fiks ehi }fchs vxh x}uheh} ”ik} hnpihfek}” udhbhb) h} hi næ} dnpksufbuh fiks eh ik} ’fmudk}„ eh xbf ksjfbdwfmdýb" Hi }fchs vxh ukek} x}uheh} udhbhb h} hi fiks næ} dnpksufbuh ehi Ndbd}. uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf" _hsk nh pshjxbuk }d x}uheh} eh hsefe mkbkmhb ik vxh }fchb mknk db}uduxmdýb" Hb Nä|dmk bk ik }fchnk}" Ik} }d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb }kb if} lhssfndhbuf} pfsf hs) ksehbfs) psh}hsfs t pkuhbmdfs h}h }fchs bk mkbkmdek" ]d}uhnf} eh db`ksnfmdýb lhmlk} f if nhedef) ekbeh h}h }fchs) h}h mfpdufi h}. phmîstmk) h}h }fchs `xbefnhbufi eh if }hb}dcdidefe vxh ik} pskpdk} `xbmdkbfsdk} udhbhb }h fmxnxif t }h nxh}usf" ]h f h}uf ndbd}usf k }h f hi edshmuks t }h fmfcý ukek" _xh} djxfi pf}f hb xb pfî}" Ik vxh bxh}usf jhbuh }fch) ik vxh }fch lfmhs }h pdhseh) phsk pkesîf bk phsehs}h" If} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} udpk ed`x}dkbd}uf} ”tk if} iifnk lhidkmäbusdmf}” vxh edmhb fijk mknk “ih} fnk} f ed`xbeds if mxiuxsf—) k }hf) “pýbjfb}h cskbmhfeks mxiuxsfi pksvxh flî f if Ksvxh}uf ]db`ýbdmf f db. uhspshufs f Nflihs) hb if pxbuf eh Ik} Fbeh}—" T }h ukmf f Nflihs t if jhbuh edmh7 “vxä dbuhsh}fbuh—) “vxä ckbduk—) if pshb}f ik mxcsh7 ’pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi dbuhsh}fbuh„" »_hsk vxä }xmhedý flî; Bk edjk vxh if jhbuh bk lftf }hbudek bfef) phsk »}hsæ if îf mkb}usxds fxeduksdk} hbksnh} pfsf vxh }h shiihbhb eh bk }ä mxæbuf} mk}f}) mkb h}mkifpdk} kcidjfek} f f}d}uds; »T pks vxä if jhbuh bk ihh næ}; If jhbuh ihh nxmlk) phsk »vxä mk}f} ihh;) fbxbmdk}) mkndm}) `kiihuk}" »T pks vxä if jhbuh }h exhsnh mxfbek ih pkbh} xbf }db`kbîf;) pksvxh bk udhbh if} hbwdnf} mxiuxsfih} }x stmdhbuh} t eh}fsskiifef} pfsf ehjx}ufs h}k) pks. vxh }x sfbjk eh }hb}dcdidefe h} næ} h}ushmlk k f lfmdf kusf pfsuh" »]h pkesæ shmxphsfs hi }fchs eh bxh}usf }kmdhefe; H}f h} xbf ifcks vxh bk ih ukmf }ýik fi
:?
Mdchsmxiuxsf t ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}
Ndbd}uhsdk eh Mxiuxsf) ih ukmf fi Ndbd}uhsdk gxbuk mkb ukef if jhbuh vxh edmh vxh lfmh dbh}udjfmdýb k vxh ehchsîfnk} lfmhsif" _hsk bk cf}uf lfmhsif }hpfsfek}) uhbhnk} vxh lfmhsif mkbgxbufnhbuh) hb edæikjk phsnfbhbuh" Nd mkbdmmdýb h} vxh dbuhbuhnk} h}ufcihmhs îbmxik} mfef hw næ} ksjæ. bdmk} t mhsmfbk} eh jhbhsfmdýb eh mdchsmxiuxsf pfsf pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) vxh mknk tf dnk}) bk h} vxh ukek} uhbjfnk} nxmlf} mknpxufeksf} nxt pkuhbuh} mkbhmufef} f dbuhsbhu eh fiuf hikmdefe) bk h} h}k) }dbk vxh vxdhsh ehmds vxh eh}fsskiihnk} xbf fmuduxe phs}kbfi) mkihmudf t ksjfbdwfmdkbfi vxh mkbuhnpih mknk psdksdufsdk hi eh}fsskiik eh h}f} ush} mxiuxsf}+mxiudk7 db`ksnfmdýb pfsf pkehs hs t pkehs nk}usfs) dbh}udjfmdýb pfsf pkehs }fchs t pkehs h|pidmfs) t mknxbdmfmdýb pfsf pkehs h}mxmlfs t pkehs shifmdkbfs"
:6
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk Cifbmf Csfncdif Nhesfbk
If ld}uksdf eh ik} pskmh}k} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk mkssh pfsfihif fi eh}fsskiik ehi _SD mknk xb pfsudek eh h}ufek shmuks eh if def pkiîudmf ehi pfî}" Hi mfncdk ehnkmsæudmk dbdmdfek hb hi fök 3??? ”k fi nhbk} hi mfncdk eh pfsudek jkchsbfbuh”) bk} phsnduh lfmhs xb hghsmdmdk eh fbæid}d} shusk}phmudk ehi dnpfmuk eh h}uh pskmh}k eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} t) hb fij÷b nknhbuk) pshhs hi sxnck vxh uknfsæ hi }hmuks mxiuxsfi nh|dmfbk" Eh}pxä} ehi usdxb`k eh if Shkixmdýb Nh|dmfbf) if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} hb hi æncduk mxiuxsfi }h eh}fsskiifskb mknk xb pskmh}k eh ihjdudndwfmdýb ehi pfsudek ekndbfbuh) f}î mknk xb nhmfbd}nk eh mkbuski }kmdfi hbxbmdfek mknk fmmdk. bh} eh eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi pfsf if pkcifmdýb) if} mxfih} `xhskb dnpihnhbufef} f usfä} eh xb nkehik f}d}uhbmdfid}uf t pfuhsbfid}uf) vxh }h mfsfmuhsdwf pks mkb. }dehsfs vxh ik} mdxefefbk} mfshmhb eh mfpfmdefeh} pfsf ehmdeds t }kihbufs }x} pskpdf} bhmh}defeh} mxiuxsfih}" H}f} fmmdkbh} }h eh}fsskiifskb hb xb h}mhbfsdk ekbeh if} ixmlf} t ik} fiud. cfgk} eh ik} jsxpk} mfxediid}uf}) f}î mknk if pxjbf hbush hi H}ufek t if Djih}df) nfbuhbîfb f if pkcifmdýb hb xbf wkwkcsf phsnfbhbuh" p hsnfbhbuh" F ik ifsjk eh if ld}uksdf eh if} pkiîudmf} eh psknkmdýb ehi idcsk t if ihmuxsf) hb Nä|dmk pkehnk} dehbudstmfs edhs}f} hufpf} h db}uduxmdkbh} h}phmdfidwfef} hb h}uf ufshf) t mfef xbf shpsh}hbuf h}usfuhjdf} eh mkbuski t ihjdudndwfmdýb ehi sä. jdnhb ekndbfbuh" :=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb bxh}usk pfî} }h lfb eh}fsskiifek t mshfek) f ik ifsjk eh :? fök}) h}usf. uhjdf} h db}uduxmdkbh} h}phmdfidwfef} pfsf if `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh}1 bk kc}ufbuh) ik} îbedmh} eh ihmuxsf }djxhb pks ehcfgk eh ik} dbedmfeksh} eh eh}hnphök eh ihmuxsf nfsmfek} pks ksjfbd}nk} dbuhsbfmdkbfih} mknk hi Mhbusk Shjdkbfi pfsf hi @knhbuk ehi Idcsk hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf t hi Mfsdch ,MHSIFIM$) hi mxfi h} fx}pd. mdfek mkb `kbek} eh if Xbh}mk" H}uh uh|uk pshuhbeh hghnpidstmfs ik} pskmh}k} t h}usfuhjdf} eh db}uduxmdkbf. idwfmdýb eh ik} ksjfbd}nk} shmuksh} eh fijxbf} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) f usfä} eh xbf eh}msdpmdýb ld}uýsdmf eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} eh psknkmdýb t ed`x}dýb eh if ihmuxsf) f}î mknk if} pkiîudmf} heduksdfih} hb bxh}usk pfî}) mkb}dehsfbek ik} }djxdhbuh} æncduk}7 6" 3" ="
Hedmdýb t pskexmmdýb" Ed}usdcxmdýb t mdsmxifmdýb" @knhbuk t mkb}xnk eh ik} cdhbh} eh ihmuxsf"
HEDMDÝB EDMDÝB T T _SKEXMMDÝB _SKEXMMDÝB _ks hedmdýb t pskexmmdýb mkb}dehsfnk} hi usfcfgk heduksdfi hbmfchwfek pks hi H}ufek) vxh dbmixth uh|uk} iduhsfsdk}) h}mkifsh}) mdhbuî stmk} t kstmdfih}" F ik ifsjk eh if ld}uksdf) hi H}ufek nh|dmfbk lf mshfek xbf }hsdh eh hnpsh}f} db}uduxmdkbf. ih} vxh }h hbmfsjfb eh h}f ifcks"
Nd}dkbh} mxiuxsfih} Hb 643? Gk}ä Pf}mkbmhik} hnpshbedý xbf msxwfef bfmdkbfi eh fi`fchudwfmdýb t hedmdýb nf}df eh uh|uk} eh iduhsfuxsf miæ}dmf) 6 fbuh hi shuk eh fcfuds hi fbfi. `fchud}nk hb xb Nä|dmk pks ehnæ} cskbmk t hnpkcshmdek" If h}usfuhjdf }h mfsfmuhsdwý pks if hedmdýb nf}df eh uîuxik} vxh bxbmf fbuh} }h lfcîfb hedufek Pf}mkbmhik} heduý ndih} eh hghnpifsh} eh If Didfef t If Ked}hf ) hbush kusk}" If mkbmhpmdýb dehkiýjdmf mxiuxsfid}uf eh h}f äpkmf) nfbd`h}ufcf xbf psk`xbef fendsfmdýb pks if} mxiuxsf} eh if fbudjùhefe miæ}dmf t if mxiuxsf hxskphf" 6
:5
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
hb hi pfî}13 }db hncfsjk) ed`îmdinhbuh }h fcfudsîfb ik} îbedmh} t mkbedmdkbh} eh if pkcifmdýb fbfi`fchuf mkb if hedmdýb eh uh|uk} miæ}dmk} =" _ks kusf pfsuh) if h}mf}f db`sfh}usxmuxsf eh mknxbdmfmdýb idndufcf if mkchsuxsf pskpxh}uf pks Pf}mkbmhik}1 fxb f}î) if msxwfef fi`fchudwfeksf ikjsý xb `xhsuh dnpfmuk) pks ik} ki÷nhbh} t shmxs}k} dbhsudek} hb xbf äpkmf hb vxh dnphsfcfb if pkcsh. wf t if} idndufmdkbh} hmkbýndmf} ehi H}ufek" F næ} eh kmlhbuf fök} eh ed}ufbmdf) if} nd}dkbh} mxiuxsfih} f}mkbmhid}. uf} }djxhb }dhbek xb sh`hshbuh mifh bk }ýik hb if ld}uksdf nh|dmfbf) }dbk hb hi nxbek"
@kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmkbýndmf Hb 64=5 }h mshf hi @kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmkbýndmf) xbf eh if} db}uduxmdkbh} hed. uksdfih} hncihnæudmf} ehi H}ufek nh|dmfbk1 }x nd}dýb hsf ihjdudnfs fi pfsudek hb hi pkehs" Exsfbuh mf}d }huhbuf fök}) hi @kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmkbýndmf lf shpsh}hbufek hi sk}usk eh if pskexmmdýb dbuhihmuxfi ehi H}ufek" F usfä} eh äi) ik} dbuhihmuxfih} vxh }dnpfudwfcfb mkb hi säjdnhb nfbd`h}ufcfb }x felh}dýb fi bfmdkbfid}nk dnphsfbuh hb h}f äpkmf1 hbush kusk}) Gfdnh Ukssh} Ckehu) Fi`kb}k Shth}) Fjx}uîb Tæöhw) Nfsdfbk Fwxhif) Fiî Mlxnfmhsk) vxdhbh} hb fij÷b nknhbuk }h eh}hnphöfskb mknk `xbmdkbfsdk} eh fijxbf eh if} db}udux. mdkbh} mxiuxsfih} ehi H}ufek" Fi`kb}k Shth} shpsh}hbuf eh nfbhsf pfsudmxifs if dnfjhb ehi dbuhihmuxfi mshfeks) heduks t psknkuks eh h}uh udpk eh pkiîudmf}" Hi @kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmkbýndmf shpsh}hbuf if mkb}kidefmdýb t if dbghshb. mdf eh xb H}ufek heduks nkbkpýidmk ehbusk eh if dbex}usdf heduksdfi nh|dmfbf t ifudbkfnhsdmfbf) vxh }h pskikbjfsæ exsfbuh næ} eh }h}hbuf fök} t uhbesæ psh}hbmdf hb hi æncduk dbuhsbfmdkbfi"
Mkb h}f fmmdýb) Pf}mkbmhik} ehnkmsfudwf hb Nä|dmk hi pskmh}k heduksdfi) f usfä} eh h}f msxwfef" = Ik} sh`hshbuh} mxiuxsfih} eh if nftksîf eh if pkcifmdýb bk hnpfufcfb mkb ik} sh`h. shbuh} eh Pf}mkbmhik}) ik mxfi uksbý ed`îmdi if ifcks eh ik} nd}dkbhsk} mxiuxsfih}" 3
:8
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Mknd}dýb Bfmdkbfi eh Idcsk} eh Uh|uk Uh|uk Jsfuxduk} Hb 6484 Gfdnh Ukssh} Ckehu mshf if Mknd}dýb Bfmdkbfi eh Idcsk} eh Uh|uk Jsf. uxduk}) xbf eh if} h}usfuhjdf} db}uduxmdkbfih} næ} shbufcih} pfsf mkb}kidefs t mkb}hsfs hi pkehs dehkiýjdmk t pkiîudmk ehi H}ufek" _ks kusf pfsuh) }h `ksufihmh if psh}hbmdf ehi H}ufek ehbusk ehi nhsmfek t if mdsmxifmdýb heduksdfi) pksvxh `xh hi ÷bdmk pskhheks eh ik} db}xnk} heduksdfih} ehi ]d}uhnf Hexmfudk Bfmdkbfi" Exsfbuh mf}d mdbmxhbuf fök} hb Nä|dmk ddnk} t fpshbednk} ik} pskmh}k} ihmuksh} cfgk if uxuhif ehi nkbkpkidk heduks ehi H}ufek) vxh ehgfcf f if dbex}usdf heduksdfi hb xbf }duxfmdýb eh}hbufgk}f" @hidph Jfssdek t kusk} h|phsuk} mkb}dehsfb vxh hi mkb}xnk mknhsmdfi ehi idcsk hbush ik} nh|dmfbk} vxheý nfsmfek t idndufek pks if jsfuxdefe1 hi h`hmuk eh h}uf pkiîudmf mkbedmdkbý if} psæmudmf} eh mkb}xnk ehi idcsk1 ik} nh|dmfbk} f}xndnk} if jsfuxdefe eh ik} idcsk} mknk xbf eh }x} mfsfmuhsî}udmf}) h} ehmds) hi H}ufek bk phsndudý hi eh}fsskiik eh xb nhsmfek mkb}xndeks phsk }î eh xb }hmuks x}xfsdk1 ldpýuh}d} edjbf eh }hs usfcfgfef"
Mknd}dýb Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk Ixhjk eh if mkb}kidefmdýb ehi H}ufek heduks) hb 64:6 }h mshf if Mknd}dýb Bfmdk. bfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk ,MKBF@H$ mknk xb ksjfbd}nk eh fpktk f ik} pskmh}k} hexmfudk}" If MKBF@H nfbuxk xbf h}ushmlf shifmdýb mkb ik} pskmh}k} eh fi. `fchudwfmdýb t psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb wkbf} sxsfih} t nfsjdbfef}) f}î mknk pfsf fuhbehs f if pkcifmdýb fexiuf fbfi`fchuf1 f}dnd}nk) dnpihnhbuý xbf iîbhf heduksdfi hbmfxwfef f pxcidmfs nfuhsdfi eh fpktk eh mfsæmuhs mknxbdufsdk" Mkb if mshfmdýb eh if MKBF@H }h fcsh eh nfbhsf eh stbdudf kusf eh if} h}usfuhjdf} db}uduxmdkbfih} ehi H}ufek ehbusk eh if} pkiîudmf} ihmuksf}7 if ed}usd. cxmdýb t mdsmxifmdýb"
Edshmmdýb Jhbhsfi eh _xcidmfmdkbh} t Cdcidkuhmf} Hb 64
:0
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
vxh }h dbuhjsfsîf fök} eh}pxä}" Exsfbuh ik} kmlhbuf ik} cfgk} îbedmh} eh ihmuxsf hb. ush if pkcifmdýb }h uksbfb pshkmxpfbuh}1 csdbmfnk} eh if fi`fchudwfmdýb dbuhb}df f if bhmh}defe eh ihmuksh} fmudk} t h stmfmh}" Xbf eh if} ufshf} eh h}uf edshmmdýb h} if `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh}) pkiîudmf vxh }h dbuhb}dstmfsæ hb if }djxdhbuh eämfef"
_skjsfnf Bfmdkbfi eh Sdbmkbh} eh Ihmuxsf Hb 64<0 if ]hmshufsîf eh Hexmfmdýb _÷cidmf mshý hi _skjsfnf Bfmdkbfi eh Sdb. mkbh} eh Ihmuxsf) mxtf ifcks hsf if }hihmmdýb t pskexmmdýb eh idcsk} pfsf ik} bdök} vxh }h dbdmdfb mknk ihmuksh} t pfsf ik} nfh}usk}) mxtk mknpsknd}k h} `ksnfs hi læcduk eh ihmuxsf hb }x} fixnbk}" Ehbusk eh h}uh pskjsfnf) f pfsuds eh 6446 if nd}nf ]hmshufsîf dbdmdý if ed}usdcxmdýb jsfuxduf eh fmhsk} cdcidkjsæ. stmk} f ukef} if} h}mxhif} psdnfsdf}) bksnfih} t gfsedbh} eh bdök} ehi pfî}" ]db exef) if ifcks eh heduksh} t h}msduksh} mknk Nfsulf Fmhhek t @hidph Jfssd. ek `xh msxmdfi hbukbmh}" Hi }xsjdndhbuk ehi pskjsfnf eh Sdbmkbh} eh Ihmuxsf px}k eh nfbdsth}uk fijxbk} mxh}udkbfndhbuk} }kcsh hi h`hmuk eh if} pkiîudmf} ihmuksf} fbuhsdksh}7 »Lfcîf `sfmf}fek if h}mxhif t) hb mkb}hmxhbmdf) hi }d}uhnf hexmfudk hb if `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh}; »F vxdäb ih mkssh}pkbeîf if `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh}; H} hbukbmh} mxfbek pkehnk} dehbud stmfs eh nfbhsf næ} mifsf if fpfsdmdýb eh if stjxsf ehi psknkuks eh ihmuxsf)5 hi mxfi pkeîf }hs ekmhbuh k bk }hsik) t vxdhb f}xndsîf if fsexf ifcks eh cx}mfs) hbmkbusfs t hb ÷iudnf db}ufbmdf `ksnfs ik} ihmuksh} vxh if dbex}usdf heduksdfi h|djîf" Jsfmdf} f if fpfsdmdýb hnhsjhbuh ehi psknkuks eh ihmuxsf) }h edhs}d stmfb if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}) hb xbf bxhf `f}h vxh dehbudstmfnk} mknk hi æncduk ehi `knhbuk t vxh ehstbdshnk} f ehufiih hb if} pæjdbf} pk}uhsdksh}" @dbfinhbuh) hi pskjsfnf eh Sdbmkbh} eh Ihmuxsf px}k hb if nh}f ik} psdnhsk} mxh}udkbfndhbuk} nhukekiýjdmk} hb if `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh}" Nfsulf Fmhhek nfbd`h}uý }x dbuhsä} pks mfpfmdufs f ik} psk`h}ksh} hb hi x}k t if kphsfmdýb eh if} }fif} eh ihmuxsf) ufshf pfsf if mxfi pxcidmý fijxbk} nfbxfih} t ekmxnhbuk} eh fpktk" ]db hncfsjk) f÷b bk }h fcsîfb ik} h}pfmdk} pfsf if sh. ffih|dýb) fxbvxh pks psdnhsf hw fpfshmh xb mxh}udkbfndhbuk mifh7 »mxæi hsf if bhmh}defe t phsudbhbmdf }kmdfi eh if ihmuxsf; If stjxsf ehi psknkuks eh ihmuxsf shpsh}hbuf shpsh}h buf if dbmxs}dýb eh xbf jsfb nftksîf nftksî f eh if }kmdhefe mddi hb xbf ufshf vxh lfcîf h}ufek fmkufef h|mix}dfnhbuh fi H}ufek" 5
::
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
ED]USDCXMDÝB D]USDCXMDÝB T T MDSMXIFMDÝB MDSMXIFMDÝB If} pkiîudmf} eh ed}usdcxmdýb t mdsmxifmdýb eh ihmuxsf nh|dmfbf} }h mfsfmuhsd. wfb pks if mshfmdýb eh h}usfuhjdf}) hnpsh}f} h db`sfh}usxmuxsf hbmfndbfef} f psknkmdkbfs t mknhsmdfidwfs hi usfcfgk eh mshfmdýb t heduksdfi eh ik} fxuksh} h dbuhihmuxfih} }dnpfudwfbuh} ehi säjdnhb eh h}ufek) f}î mknk eh db}uduxmdkbh} mknk hi @kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmkbýndmf"
Cdcidkuhmf Nä|dmk Hb 6450 }h `xbef if Cdcidkuhmf Nä|dmk) dbdmdk ehi }xhök ehi H}ufek nh|dmfbk pks mshfs xbf db`sfh}usxmuxsf cdcidkuhmfsdf vxh fcfsvxh ukek hi uhssduksdk ehi pfî}" H}uf cdcidkuhmf `xh xb pxbuk eh pfsudef pfsf mshfs if db`sfh}usxmuxsf cd. cidkuhmfsdf vxh fök} eh}pxä} efsîf ksdjhb f if She Bfmdkbfi eh Cdcidkuhmf}" Xbf eh if} psdnhsf} `xbmdkbh} eh if cdcidkuhmf hsf hi }hsdmdk f h}mkifsh}) f}î mknk hi fmkpdk eh ik} fmhsk} t mkihmmdkbh} ld}uýsdmf} eh bxh}usk pfî}1 kusf eh }x} `xbmdkbh} `xh t lf }dek hi psä}ufnk h|uhsbk" If Cdcidkuhmf Nä|dmk `xh db}ufifef hb xb shmdbuk mkb jsfb }djbd stmfek ld}uýsdmk7 if Mdxefehif" If psæmudmf eh hnpfufs if nfgh}uxk}de nfgh}uxk}defe fe eh ik} hed st. mdk} mkb xbf }djbd stmfmdýb pkiîudmf h ld}uýsdmf mkb if} psæmudmf} eh psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi) }h shphudsæ f ik ifsjk ehi pfî}) hb xb f`æb eh msxwfs t hbifwfs ik} lh. mlk} ld}uýsdmk} mkb if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" F if ed}ufbmdf) f ph}fs eh if jsfb dbhs}dýb hb db`sfh}usxmuxsf cdcidkuhmf. sdf) f÷b bk }h lf pkedek fsudmxifs xbf she h stmdhbuh eh }hsdmdk} cdcidkuhmfsdk})8 tf vxh ik} îbedmh} eh mkb}xiuf t ihmuxsf eh if pkcifmdýb }djxhb }dhbek pkmk fihbufeksh}"0 _ks kusf pfsuh) }hj÷b if Hbmxh}uf Bfmdkbfi eh Ihmuxsf) ik} cd. cidkuhmfsdk} f÷b bk stjxsfb mknk fjhbuh} shihfbuh} hb if `ksnfmdýb ihmuksf eh ik} nh|dmfbk}" If She Bfmdkbfi mxhbuf mkb :)36? cdcidkuhmf} ed}usdcxdef} pks ukek hi pfî}) eh fmxhsek mkb if Hbmxh}uf Bfmdkbfi eh Ihmuxsf psh}hbufef pks hi MKBFMXIUF ,3??07 68$" 0 If f}d}uhbmdf f if cdcidkuhmf }h lf `kmfidwfek hb if shfidwfmdýb eh fmuddefeh} h}mk. ifsh}) vxh bk shpsh}hbuf bhmh}fsdfnhbuh xbf psæmudmf ihmuksf" 8
:<
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
HEXMFI If ufshf heduksdfi ehi H}ufek nh|dmfbk }h mknpihnhbuý mkb if mshfmdýb eh edhs. }f} h}usfuhjdf} eh ed}usdcxmdýb" F}î) hb 64<3 }h mshý if h}usxmuxsf eh ed}usdcxmdýb heduksdfi db}uduxmdkbfi) HEXMFI) vxh }dsdý pfsf `ksufihmhs f if Edshmmdýb Jhbhsfi eh _xcidmfmdkbh}) mshfef hb 64
@hsdf} t `h}udfih} eh ihmuxsf Mknk tf lhnk} nhbmdkbfek) hb bxh}usk pfî} lf h|d}udek xbf dbghshbmdf mkb}ufbuh ehi H}ufek hb ik} pskmh}k} t if dbex}usdf heduksdfih}1 if ufshf eh ed}usdcxmdýb t mds. mxifmdýb bk ikjsý hi nd}nk dnpfmuk vxh if} h}usfuhjdf} heduksdfih}) pks ik vxh h}uf} ufshf} uxdhskb vxh mknpihnhbufs}h mkb if} h}usfuhjdf} eh `knhbuk uhbedhbuh} f fxnhbufs hi mkb}xnk ehi idcsk" F}î pxh}) if} psdbmdpfih} `hsdf} ehi idcsk hb Nä|dmk lfb }xsjdek mknk dbdmdfudf} eh ed}usdcxmdýb phsk ufncdäb eh `knhbuk" If} psdbmdpfih} `hsdf} t `h}udfih} ehi idcsk lfb }dek dnpxi}fek} pks xbdhs}d. efeh} t ksjfbd}nk} p÷cidmk}) mknk if @hsdf ehi Idcsk eh Ndbhsîf) Ndbh sîf) vxh `xh mshfef hb 64:4 pks if XBFN1 if @hsdf ehi Idcsk Db`fbudi t Gxhbdi ,@DIDG$) mshfef hb 64
Lfmdf ik} kmlhbuf hi H}ufek nh|dmfbk mhbusfsæ }x} pkiîudmf} eh ihmuxsf hb dnpih. nhbufs hi `knhbuk t mkb}xnk ehi idcsk) kchehmdhbek f if uýbdmf dbuhsbfmdkbfi)
:4
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
if mxfi pifbuhf vxh ik} îbedmh} eh ihmuxsf h}uæb edshmufnhbuh dbmxifek} mkb hi eh}fsskiik eh if} bfmdkbh}" Dehbudstmfnk} vxh if} pkiîudmf} eh `knhbuk t mkb}xnk h}uæb idjfef} mkb mfnpföf} eh fi`fchudwfmdýb t f}dnd}nk mkb if psknkmdýb eh ihmuxsf f usfä} eh fmmdkbh} eh if }kmdhefe mddi) mknk if} }fif} eh ihmuxsf) if} mfnpföf} nhedæudmf} t) mknk nhbmdkbfnk}) if} `hsdf} ehi idcsk"
_skjsfnf Bfmdkbfi eh Ihmuxsf Mkb if mshfmdýb ehi MKBFMXIUF ) hb 64<4 }h dbdmdf hi _skjsfnf Bfmdkbfi eh Ihmuxsf) mxtf `xbmdýb h} mshfs h}usfuhjdf} pfsf if `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh} vxh }h eh}fsskiihb næ} fiiæ eh ik} pskmh}k} h}mkifsdwfek}1 }x kcghudk) }fmfs f if ihmuxsf ehi æncduk fmfeändmk t iihfsif f ik} h}pfmdk} }kmdfih}1 }x pk}uxifek) xbf ihmux. sf pks pifmhs t shmshfudf" F mf}d hdbuh fök} eh ed}ufbmdf) }h lf mxh}udkbfek hi usf}`kbek hmkbýndmk eh h}uf pkiîudmf) shifmdkbfek edshmufnhbuh mkb if dbex}usdf heduksdfi k }kmdfi) fi efsih mfcdef f if }kmdhefe mddi hb if fsudmxifmdýb eh fmmdkbh} eh psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf" Exsfbuh ik} }hd} fök} eh jkcdhsbk eh Mfsik} ]fidbf} eh Jksufsd hb Nä|dmk lxck fphsuxsf fbuh if} nhukekikjîf} t h|phsdhbmdf} eh `ksnfmdýb eh ihmuksh} eh kusk} pfî}h}) if jikcfidwfmdýb dbmdpdhbuh kcidjý f sh ffih|dkbfs hb uksbk fi dnpfm. uk eh ik} pskmh}k} h}mkifsdwfek} t }x shifmdýb mkb if psæmudmf ihmuksf" _ks kusf pfsuh) if mshmdhbuh dbex}usdf heduksdfi) hb îf} eh dbuhsbfmdkbfidwfmdýb) ehnfbef fi ’nhsmfek ihmuks„) vxh bk stjxsfcf pks bdbj÷b ifek1 exsfbuh h}k} fök} if psh. jxbuf dnphsfbuh hsf7 »eýbeh h}uæb ik} ihmuksh};
_skjsfnf Bfmdkbfi eh ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf If msd}d} hmkbýndmf eh 6445) f}î mknk if dbmdpdhbuh fxukbknîf eh ik} nkdndhbuk} mddih}) f`hmufb eh fijxbf nfbhsf f if} pkiîudmf} eh psknkmdýb eh ihmuxsf eh h}ufek" Lf}uf 6445) hi H}ufek knbdpsh}hbuh t knbd}mdhbuh ehmdeh }kcsh ik} psk. mh}k} t bhmh}defeh} eh ihmuxsf1 mshf h}usfuhjdf} heduksdfih} eh ukef îbekih) mknhsmdfidwf t nfsmf hi sdunk ehi nhsmfek1 idchsf ehi jsffnhb st}mfi f if db. ex}usdf heduksdfi ”ik vxh }hsæ nkudk eh }hsdk} ehcfuh} hbush hi Mkbjsh}k) ik}
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
pskuhmuksh} eh if dbex}usdf heduksdfi t if} pkiîudmf} st}mfih}”" Hi stb ehi pfsudek eh h}ufek }h fdwksf" F stbfih} ehi }h|hbdk eh Hsbh}uk Whediik t fbuh xb cxhb b÷nhsk eh ckehjf} iihbf} eh idcsk} ”shmxhsehb fi H}ufek heduks pks fbukbknf}df”) }h ehmdeh mshfs xbf h}usfuhjdf pfsf efs }fidef f ndih} eh fmhsk} h}mkifsh} ,vxh ksdjdbfinhbuh h}ufcfb eh}udbfek} pfsf if} cdcidkuhmf} eh if} h}mxhif} }hmxbefsdf} ehi pfî}$" Hsf xbf h}usfuhjdf hnhsjhbuh) hb xb h}mhbfsdk hb hi vxh }xsjh hi _skjsfnf Bf. mdkbfi eh ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf) vxh mkb}dehsfcf vxh ik} idcsk} ehcîfb }fids eh ik} h}pfmdk} h}mkifsdwfek} t `ksnfih} t vxh lfmîf bhmh}fsdf if stjxsf ehi psknkuks" ]h pshuhbeîf shdds xbf h}phmdh eh msxwfef bfmdkbfi f}mkbmhid}uf pfsf iihfs ik} idcsk} f h}pfmdk} p÷cidmk} t) pks hbeh) if ihmuxsf f ik} h}pfmdk} }kmdfih}" If} }fif} eh ihmuxsf nfsmfskb if pfxuf pfsf vxh hi psknkuks eh ihmuxsf ldmdhsf }x fpfsdmdýb `ksnfi mknk xb fjhbuh }kmdfi" If hbmkndhbef vxh hi H}ufek ih} ef hb h}h nknhbuk f ik} psknkuksh}) pskpdmdfsæ if ehnfbef ehi psknkuks) vxh }hsæ shmkbkmdek mknk xb }hmuks eh eh}hnphök psk`h}dkbfi1 ehi dnpfmuk eh h}uf pkiîudmf lfcifshnk} hb hi }djxdhbuh fpfsufek"
F}kmdfmdýb Nh|dmfbf eh _sknkuksh} eh Ihmuxsf ,FN_IFM$ If ld}uksdf eh if FN_IFM f eh if nfbk mkb if eh if} ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf" If h}usf. uhjdf eh mkbkmfs t nkdidwfs f ik} psknkuksh} eh ihmuxsf dnpidmý xb pskmh}k eh shffih|dýb hb uksbk f if stjxsf ehi psknkuks) }x} `xbmdkbh} t fimfbmh}" _ks kusf pfsuh) hi usfcfgk eh ik} psknkuksh} ehbusk eh if} }fif} eh ihmuxsf }hsîf ”t }djxh }dhbek” kixbufsdk) }h ehnfbefcf xb fiuk bdhi eh eh}hnphök t eh mknpsk. nd}k }kmdfi }db xbf shnxbhsfmdýb hmkbýndmf" F}î pxh}) eh fijxbf nfbhsf if psæmudmf }kmdfi eh if ihmuxsf }h ehpk}dufcf hb nfbk} eh if }kmdhefe mddi" Ik} psd. nhsk} psknkuksh} mkbkmfek} f pfsudmdpfs hb hi pskjsfnf eh }fif} eh ihmuxsf edhskb def f xbf ksjfbdwfmdýb mddi7 Fbf Fshbwfbf) Pddfbh Udsdýb t xbf }hsd. eksf hbmfchwfnk} if mkb`ksnfmdýb eh if F}kmdfmdýb Nh|dmfbf eh _sknkuksh} eh Ihmuxsf ,FN_IFM$) hbush mxtk} kcghudk} }h mkb}dehsfcf hi shmkbkmdndhbuk t psk`h}dkbfidwfmdýb eh ik} psknkuksh} eh ihmuxsf" F mf}d edhw fök} eh ed}ufbmdf eh h}uf h|phsdhbmdf) xbf pshjxbuf kcidjfef }h. sîf }d hi bxhk säjdnhb eh pfsudek} phsndudsæ if dbghshbmdf }kmdfi hb if} fmmdkbh} eh psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf"
<6
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
HI JKCDHSBK EHI MFNCDK) HI ]H\HBDK EH PDMHBUH @K\ Lf}uf fvxî lhnk} }hjxdek if pd}uf eh if mkb}usxmmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} eh db}ud. uxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk" Ixhjk ehi fök 3??? hb bxh}usk pfî} bk} h}ushbfnk} hb hi hghsmdmdk ehnkmsæudmk) mkb nxmlf} h|phmufudf} ddnk} hi jkcdhsbk ehi mfncdk" Hi psdnhs pk}uxifek eh Pdmhbuh @k| }kcsh mxiuxsf }h mhbusý hb if mdxef. efbdwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf) pfsf if mxfi }h mshý if Edshmmdýb eh Mdxefefbdwfmdýb Mxiuxsfi) vxh fi pkmk udhnpk mfncdý eh bkncsh pks Pdbmxifmdýb Mxiuxsfi1 bk uxdnk} xbf h|pidmfmdýb mifsf t mdhsuf eh ik vxh }djbd stmfcf) }xpkbhnk} vxh h}uf pkiîudmf pshuhbeîf ehgfs hb nfbk} eh if }kmdhefe hi hghsmdmdk eh if} psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih}1 ufi hw if} dnpidmfmdkbh} eh nked stmfs hi ushnhbek fpfsfuk eh h}ufek hb hi æncduk eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} ldmdhskb phb}fs ek} hmh} hb if mdxefef. bdwfmdýb" _ks kusf pfsuh) f ik} pfbd}uf} bk ih} eh}fjsfeý ehi ukek x}fs f if mxiuxsf mknk xbf h}usfuhjdf eh ihjdudnfmdýb }kmdfi" Mshk vxh uhbeshnk} vxh ndsfs f ehufiih if} fsdfbuh} vxh hb h}uh }h|hbdk }h h|psh}fskb hb hi mkbuh|uk mxiuxsfi" ]djxdhbek mkb bxh}usk hghsmdmdk eh shd}fs hi dnpfmuk eh if} pkiîudmf} eh psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf) pkehnk} eh}ufmfs if} }djxdhbuh} fmmdkbh}7
_skjsfnf bfmdkbfi Lfmdf xb _fî} eh Ihmuksh} Mkb hi mfncdk ehi säjdnhb ehi pfsudek ekndbfbuh) hb hi 3??6 hi jkcdhsbk eh Pdmhbuh @k| psh}hbuý hi pskjsfnf Lfmdf xb _fî} eh Ihmuksh}1 }x} kcghudk}7 kpudndwfs shmxs}k} mkb xb pskjsfnf eh shdnpsh}dkbh} t xbk eh mkhedmdkbh}1 psknkhs if ihmuxsf mkb mfnpföf} t pskjsfnf} hb nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb1 fxnhbufs hi b÷nhsk eh cdcidkuhmf} t }fif} eh ihmuxsf hb hi pfî}1 mkb}usxds if cdcidkuhmf edjdufi1 pskid`hsfs if} idcshsîf} nhedfbuh `sfbvxdmdf} mknk HEXMFI) hbush kusk}" »Hi fpfsfuk eh h}ufek shmuks }djxh dk;
_skjsfnf Bfmdkbfi eh ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf _h}h f ik} fudmdbdk}) h}uh pskjsfnf mdxefefbk.cxskmsæudmk mdxefefbk.cxskmsæudmk }kcshddý fi mfncdk eh jkcdhsbk1 }x phsnfbhbmdf pxheh h|pidmfs}h pks if dbghshbmdf edshmuf eh ik}
<3
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
psknkuksh} mdxefefbk}1 }db hncfsjk) }h pxhehb t }h ehchb fbfidwfs nxmlk} f}phmuk}) hbush hiik}7 »vxä udpk eh psknkuks }h lf mshfek;) »mxæih} }kb if} h|. phmufudf} eh ik} psknkuksh} t mxæih} if} eh ik} ihmuksh};) »vxä udpk eh ihmuksh} }h h}uæb `ksnfbek;) »h|d}uh shfinhbuh xbf psæmudmf }kmdfi eh if ihmuxsf;
Cdcidkuhmf} eh Fxif _kehnk} mkb}dehsfs vxh hb h}uh bxhk }djik hi H}ufek heduks }h lf shpihjfek" Hb hi _skjsfnf eh Cdcidkuhmf} eh Fxif }h ldwk psh}hbuh if dbex}usdf heduksdfi dbuhsbfmdkbfi ”}kcsh ukek if} hnpsh}f} heduksdfih} h}pfökif}”" Cfgk hi nd}nk nkehik ehi _skjsfnf eh Sdbmkbh} eh Ihmuxsf) }h dnpihnhbufskb bxhk} fmhs. k} hb if} h}mxhif} p÷cidmf} ehi pfî}1 hi mfncdk sfedmf hb vxh hi H}ufek tf bk h} hi næ|dnk heduks t pskhheks eh idcsk} pfsf hi }hmuks hexmfudk) vxh flksf }h fcsh f if mknphuhbmdf) f if idcsh hnpsh}f) hi nhsmfek idcsh t if jikcfidwfmdýb" xuksh} sh} Mfch nhbmdkbfs vxh hi h}mæbefik `xh nft÷}mxik mxfbek ik} j sfbeh} f xuk nh|dmfbk} bk fpfshmdhskb hb hi id}ufek eh h}uk} fmhsk}" _ks kusf pfsuh) hb if dnpihnhbufmdýb eh h}uf h}usfuhjdf bk `xhskb mkb}dehsfef} if} bhmh}defeh} eh ik} ihmuksh}"
Mhbusk Mxiuxsfi Chiif Äpkmf t Idcshsîf Sk}fsdk Mf}uhiifbk} If mshfmdýb eh hvxdpfndhbuk h db`sfh}usxmuxsf `xh xbf pshkmxpfmdýb ehi }h|h. bdk eh Pdmhbuh @k|" Hb 3??0 }h mshfb hi Mhbusk Mxiuxsfi Chiif Äpkmf t if Idcshsîf Sk}fsdk Mf}uhiifbk}) uxuhifek} pks hi @kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmkbýndmf" Hb hi mf}k eh if idcshsîf) h} xbf eh if} næ} nkehsbf} t nhgks hvxdpfef} ehi pfî}" »Hi H}uf. ek nkbkpýidmk }djxh dk;
Cdcidkuhmf _÷cidmf eh Nä|dmk) Gk}ä Pf}mkbmhik} ]h usfuf eh xbf eh if} kcsf} næ} mkbuskhsudef} ehi jkcdhsbk `k|d}uf" H}uh hvxdpfndhbuk pshuhbeîf mkbhsuds}h hb if cdcidkuhmf mhbusfi t mfchwf eh if She Bfmdkbfi eh Cdcidkuhmf} _÷cidmf} ehi pfî}" Ä}uf h} if kcsf mxindbfbuh hb nfuhsdf eh psknkmdýb t hvxdpfndhbuk eh ihmuxsf ehi }h|hbdk" If fphsuxsf eh if cdcidkuhmf lf }dek pkiändmf) }h edmh vxh if
<=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
nkehsbdwfmdýb eh if she eh cdcidkuhmf} hb bxh}usk pfî} pks stb lf iihjfek) phsk f xb fök ehi dbdmdk eh }x kphsfmdýb t eh}pxä} eh }x ifnhbufcih mdhssh pks hssksh} hb if mkb}usxmmdýb) pkehnk} pshjxbufsbk} }d fij÷b eîf }h nkehsbdwfsæ if she eh cdcidkuhmf} ehi pfî}"
HI JKCDHSBK EH @HID_H MFIEHSÝB Eh}pxä} eh if pkiändmf mfnpföf hihmuksfi ehi 3??0 t ehi mkb ffidmuk hb if }xmh. }dýb psh}dehbmdfi) pkehnk} mkb}dehsfs vxh if gksbfef ehi 3 eh gxidk `xh hghnpifs t mdxefefbf1 }db hncfsjk) ik} fmkbuhmdndhbuk} }xc}djxdhbuh} eh}jf}ufskb f if} db}uduxmdkbh} hihmuksfih} eh `shbuh f if }kmdhefe1 hb h}uh mkbuh|uk) @hidph Mfieh. sýb f}xndý if psh}dehbmdf eh Nä|dmk hb edmdhncsh eh 3??0" Mfch }höfifs vxh hb if} mfnpföf} eh ik} ed`hshbuh} pfsudek} if} pifuf`ksnf} hb hi æncduk eh mxiuxsf `xhskb hb xbk} mf}k} fncdjxf} t hb kusk} psæmudmfnhbuh bk h|d}udhskb1 ik nd}nk kmxssh hb hi mfnpk eh if psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf" Fbuh ufi }duxfmdýb) t f mf}d xb fök ehi jkcdhsbk eh @hidph Mfiehsýb) psh}hb. ufnk} fijxbk} f}phmuk} phbedhbuh} hb if fjhbef eh if psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf eh bxh}usk pfî}7 If dbex}usdf heduksdfi nh|dmfbf lf phsedek mknphududdefe" _ks kusk ifek) if} nfstf} t ik} nkbkpkidk}) mknk hi eh Uhihd}f) t ed}usdcxdeksf} mknk if eh Mfsik} ]idn ,]fbcksb}$) nfsmfb hi udpk eh nhsmfek t pskpdmdfb xb phs sti eh ihm. uks fukndwfek) eh pkmk fimfbmh t }db sh ffih|dýb" Hi ffbmh t if dbmdehbmdf eh if} heduksdfih} h}pfökif} hb hi nhsmfek ifud. bkfnhsdmfbk }h lfb lhmlk psh}hbuh} hb hi ed}hök eh if} pkiîudmf} eh ihmuxsf ehi }h|hbdk) mknk dnk} hb hi mf}k eh if} cdcidkuhmf} eh fxif" Ik} nkehik} hexmfudk} ehi }h|hbdk eh Pdmhbuh @k| }ýik psddihjdfskb hi hvxdpfndhbuk) mknk hi mf}k eh Hbmdmiknhedf) k hi fmmh}k f if db`ksnfmdýb) mknk hi mf}k eh h.Nä|dmk) }kcsh ik} pskmh}k} eh fpskpdfmdýb }kmdfi eh if ihmuxsf pihbk} t shffih|dk}" If} }kmdhefeh} mkbuhnpksæbhf} lfb eh}fsskiifek psæmudmf} eh ihmuxsf ed. hs}dstmfef} t ed`hshbmdfef} ”ldphsuh|uk”) ik} ihmuksh} mkbuhnpksæbhk} tf bk }h mknpksufb djxfi f ik} ehi }djik pf}fek1 }db hncfsjk) hiik bk lf }dek mkb}dehsfek pks if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}"
<5
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
@dbfinhbuh) ehchnk} }höfifs vxh ik} nh|dmfbk} ehi }djik \\D lfb eh}fssk. iifek xbf mkbmdhbmdf }kmdfi fmudf }kcsh ik} ehchsh} t ehshmlk} mdxefefbk}"
HI @XUXSK DBNHEDFUK Hi dnpf}}h pkiîudmk ddek hb 3??0 bk} phsnduh shffih|dkbfs hb uksbk fi bxhk pfphi ehi H}ufek hb if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} eh psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf" Ixmdbf Gd. näbhw mkb}dehsf vxh ’xbf usfb}dmdýb ufncdäb h} xb h}pfmdk eh dbmhsudexncsh" F ph}fs eh hiik) eh ik} uskpdhwk} t idndufmdkbh}) h dbmix}k eh if} nfsföf} h}uf. ufih}) if `xhswf mkb if vxh ffbwf hi }hmuks mddi h} xb lhmlk) t hi H}ufek) ufseh k uhnpsfbk uhbesæ vxh fjfssfs hi uksk pks ik} mxhsbk}" Eh ik} bxhk} îbmxik} hbush H}ufek t }kmdhefe mddi ehphbeh hi `xuxsk eh if ehnkmsfmdf hb if mxiuxsf„ ,3??07 335$" Flksf næ} vxh bxbmf ik} mdxefefbk} pfsudmdpfb) ehnfbefb t h|djhb pkiî. udmf} p÷cidmf} mhsuhsf} t h stmdhbuh}" Hi }xsjdndhbuk ehi psknkuks eh ihmuxsf mknk xbf stjxsf vxh uknf f if ihmuxsf mknk nhedk eh dbuhsfmmdýb t mklh}dýb }kmdfi h} xb `hbýnhbk vxh kmxssh f ik ifsjk t fbmlk ehi pfî}1 if} næ} eh ek} ndi }fif} eh ihmuxsf vxh fmuxfinhbuh kphsfb mkb hi usfcfgk kixbufsdk t mdxefefbk nfsmfb h}uf pfxuf" Flksf hb Nä|dmk uhbhnk} nftks mhsuhwf }kcsh hi udpk eh ihmuksh} vxh h|d}. uhb1 f}dnd}nk) }h mxhbuf mkb xbf ifsjf t sdmf h|phsdhbmdf hb if psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf) phsk hi mknpsknd}k h} ndsfsif eh nfbhsf kcghudf t msîudmf" ]db hncfsjk) fijxbk} }hmuksh} shvxdhshb sh ffih|dkbfs }kcsh hi dnpfmuk eh if} pkiîudmf} fpidmfef}) pfsf phs`hmmdkbfsif}" Xbf eh bxh}usf} ufshf} phbedhbuh} h} ekmxnhbufs) }d}uhnfudwfs t hfixfs mýnk lfb dnpfmufek if} pkiîudmf} fbuh} eh}msduf}" _ks kusf pfsuh) }h ehchb `ksufihmhs if} sheh} hnhsjhbuh} vxh hb uksbk f if psknkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf }h lfb dnpihnhbufek hb hi pfî}) pskthmufsif} t dbmxifsif} mkb kusk} }hmuksh} t psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih}) pfsf eh}fsskiifs pkiîudmf} mdxefefbf} mknpihgf} t edhs}f}" F}î nd}nk) }h shvxdhsh jh}udkbfs stbfbmdfndhbuk} fiuhsbfudk} pfsf if psk. nkmdýb eh if ihmuxsf vxh pskhbjfb eh if dbdmdfudf psdfef k }kmdfi) k eh fncf}) pfsf ikjsfs xbf dbehphbehbmdf t f}î nked stmfs hi nkehik eh h}ufek nkbkpýidmk"
<8
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
@dbfinhbuh) pkehnk} pifbuhfs xbf pshjxbuf shmxsshbuh hb h}uh uh|uk7 »_fsf vxä ihhs hb hi `xuxsk dbnhedfuk; If} sh}pxh}uf}) mknk dnk}) }kb n÷iudpih}1 pfsf mhssfs h}uh fbæid}d}) pkehnk} db`hsds vxh if} psæmudmf} ihmuksf} pxhehb }hsds pfsf hb`shbufs ik} pskcihnf} }kmdfih} t nhgksfs if mfidefe eh def eh bxh}usk pfî}"
<0
Sh`hshbmdf} cdcidkjsæ`dmf}
Mf}uhiifbk} Sdcku) Fi`kb}k hu fi" ,3??=$) Fuif} eh db`sfh}usxmuxsf mxiuxsfi eh Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF" Jfssdek) @hidph ,6444$) Hi cxhb ihmuks }h lfmh) bk bfmh) Nä|dmk7 Fsdhi" Jkiedb) Efbdhi ,3??0$) ’_sýikjk„) hb Hbmxh}uf Bfmdkbfi eh Ihmuxsf) db`ksnh} t hfixfmdkbh}) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF) Xbdhs}defe Bfmdkbfi Fxuýbknf eh Nä|dmk" Gdnäbhw) Ixmdbf ,3??0$) Ehnkmsfmdf Mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 @kbek eh Mxiuxsf Hmk. býndmf" Bdýb Ckiæb) Hexfsek hu fi" ,3??0$) _kiîud _kiîudmf} mf} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk7 3??0.3? 3??0.3?3?" 3?" Lfmdf xb pifb h}usfuäjdmk eh eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi) Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfef. ifgfsf t Ndjxhi Æbjhi _kss÷f"
<:
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Sh`ih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf} Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk
]H FCSH HI UHIÝB _sdnhsf dnfjhb H} xb }æcfek eh gxbdk eh 6444) hb if pifwf ehi Uhnpik ehi Mfsnhb) hb Jxf. efifgfsf) Gfid}mk" Edhs}k} jsxpk} eh gýhbh} mkbdhb hb ik vxh hiik} iifnfb ’hi udfbjxd} mxiuxsfi„" Hbush hiik} }h hbmxhbusfb pxbahuk}) jsf` stuhsk}) efsahuk} efs ahuk})) uskhsk}) xbdhs}dufsdk} sfedmfih} ,f ik} vxh if pshb}f iifnf skgdiik}$) hbush kusk}1 ukek} hiik} h}mxmlfbek xb mkbmdhsuk eh xb jsxpk ikmfi fnhbdwfbek hbush skma) }aff t shjjf h" }a
Hb if hbedndf }h hbmxhbusf mf}d eh ukek) eh}eh xbf fbukikjîf eh if} kcsf} mknpihuf} eh Nfs|) pf}fbek pks if hbuf eh mfnd}f} mkb edhs}f} db}djbdf}) lf}uf xbf} ufsghuf} eh piæ}udmk eh _ýahnkb vxh }h dbuhsmfncdfb hbush ik} f st. mdkbfek} f hiif}" _hsk ufncdäb lft xb h}pfmdk ekbeh }h lfmhb idnpdf}) }h pxsd stmf hi fxsf) kusk} ekbeh }h lfmhb ufuxfgh} k phs`ksfmdkbh}) t lft phs}kbf} vxh hbehb mkb. ekbh}) nfsdlxfbf) mhshwf} hb cki}duf} ,pfsf hi ed}dnxih$) hb stb) lft hbuf h dbuhsmfncdk eh ukek udpk eh nhsmfbmîf} t }hsdmdk}) pfsf hi finf k pfsf hi mxhs. pk) pfsf hi phb}fndhbuk k pfsf if nfuhsdf"
<4
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb`shbuh) f if} f`xhsf} ehi uhnpik) }fihb eh xbf mhshnkbdf nfusdnkbdfi xb mkbudbjhbuh eh phs}kbf} ’eh `fndidf} ufpfuîf} fmknkefef}„) usfufb eh ed}dnxifs vxh bk hb ik vxh v xh }xmheh hb`shbuh1 }db hncfsjk) hi }kbdek ehi mkbmdhsuk ih} lfmh kiuhfs eh hw hb mxfbek f hs f h}f ’ckif eh jshöxek}) sfsduk} t eskjfedmuk}„" Næ} fi `kbek }h pxheh hs f xb jsxpk eh gýhbh} ed}mxudhbek mkb if pkidmîf1 Efde) xbk eh hiik}) ed}mxuh }kcsh if dnpksufbmdf ehi udfbjxd} mxiuxsfi mknk h}. pfmdk eh psknkmdýb eh if mxiuxsf xscfbf1 hb }x mkbusfpfsuh) xb `xbmdkbfsdk ehi jkcdhsbk ikmfi eh ehshmlf) fihjf vxh h}k bk h} mxiuxsf t vxh) pks hi mkbusfsdk) lfmh hs nfi f if mdxefe"
]hjxbef dnfjhb Hb Mldlxflxf) Mldlxflxf) if pkidmîf mxipf ehi f}h}dbfuk eh xbf fekih}mhbuh f xb gkhb iîehs eh xb jsxpk eh ’sfsduk}„ vxh jx}ufb eh h}mxmlfs skma) nhufi t shjjfh t vxh fehnæ} }h ehedmfb f lfmhs ’fsuh}fbîf xscfbf„) h}uk h}) pxi}hsf} eh pdhi) mkijxdgh} eh nhufi t nfehsf) hum" ]hj÷b edmh if pkidmîf t ed`xbehb ik} nhedk}) }kb pfsuh eh xbf }hmuf }fuæbdmf vxh }h ehedmf f }hmxh}usfs nxghsh} pfsf }fmsd stmfsif}" ]db hncfsjk) bd hi jsxpk eh gýhbh} h}uæb eh fmxhsek) bd ik} pfesh} eh if fekih}mhbuh ,vxh f if hw }kb fndjk} ehi gkhb fi vxh }h mxipf$ h}uæb mkbhbmdek} eh vxh äi `xh hi mxipfcih" _ks hiik) ehmdehb lfmhs xbf pskuh}uf `shbuh fi pfifmdk eh jkcdhsbk h}ufufi) phsk h} }k`kmfef pks xb jsxpk eh jsfbdiihsk}) ik} mxfih} xudidwfb phssk} pfsf ed}phs}fsik}" F pfsuds eh h}h nknhbuk) }h eh}fuf xbf ’mfmhsîf„ mkbusf ukek fvxhiik vxh `xhsf ed`hshbuh k ’sfsduk„ mfufikjæbekik eh }fuæbdmk h dbnksfi) phsk f ph}fs eh hiik) fijxbk} gýhbh} f÷b }h }djxhb shxbdhbek hb ixjfsh} mhssfek} t h}mkbedek} pfsf lfmhs fijxbf} h|pk}dmdkbh}) pskexmds ’fsuh}fbîf} xscfbf}„) dbuhsmfncdfs n÷}dmf) hedufs shd}uf} xbehsjskxbe) hb stb) pfsf mshfs t psknk. hs }x mxiuxsf fiuhsbf" Fncf} dnæjhbh} }kb ld}uksdf} shfih})6 t fxbvxh hb ed`hshbuh udhnpk t ixjfs) fncf} udhbhb hb hi `kbek xbf pskcihnæudmf }dndifs7 hi mkb ffidmuk eh if If psdnhsf h} xbf kc}hsfmdýb pfsudmdpfbuh ehi vxh h}msdch1 if }hjxbef h} xb shif. uk eh xb jsxpk eh gýhbh} eh Mldlxflxf) Mldlxflxf) mknhbufek hb hi DD @ksk Bfmdkbfi eh Mxiuxsf} _kpxifsh} Xscfbf}" 6
4?
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
kushefe" Hi h}uxedk eh if mxiuxsf eh jsxpk} ed`hshbuh} lf }dek xb uhnf miæ}dmk hb if fbuskpkikjîf1 }db hncfsjk) h}h ’kusk ed`hshbuh„ pks ik shjxifs phsuhbhmîf f kusk pfî}) f kusf ’sfwf„ k hubdf" _hsk »vxä pf}f mxfbek fi ’kusk„ ik mkbkmh}) h} ux hmdbk k h} fndjk k pfsdhbuh eh fij÷b mkbkmdek; »Vxä pf}f mxfbek if ’kusf mxiuxsf„ }h lfmh hdehbuh t }h hb`shbuf hbush pfesh} h ldgk}) hbush fekih}mhbuh} t `xbmdkbfsdk} p÷cidmk}; »Vxä lfmhs) hbukbmh}) mkb ukef} if} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} mxiuxsfih} pkpxifsh} ,usfedmdkbfih} t bxhf}) mkb}hsfeksf} t mkbuh}ufufsdf}$; »_sknkhsif}) }k`kmfsif} k bk lfmhsih} mf}k; T fehnæ}) »mýnk psknkhsif}) mýnk bk lfmhsih mf}k f ufb hdehbuh t ifuhbuh shfidefe; If} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf }kb mkbusfedmuksdf}) mknpihgf} t nxt edbændmf}) pks ik vxh }x psknkmdýb shvxdhsh xbf h}usfuhjdf nhbk} idbhfi" F}î pxh}) pfsf fcksefs h}uh uhnf }hsæ bhmh}fsdk lfmhs xbf cshh shd}dýb }kcsh if} `ksnf} hb vxh }h lf fcksefek f if} mxiuxsf} xscfbf} t if} `ksnf} eh psknkhsif}"
_SDNHS FMUK" IF] MXIUXSF] _K_XIFSH] XSCFBF] Lfcifs fvxî eh xbf `ksnfmdýb t eh}fsskiik eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf hb Nä|d. mk }hsîf xb fmuk uhnhsfsdk) pxh} shvxhsdsîf lfmhs xbf jsfb shd}dýb cdcidkjsæ stmf vxh edhsf mxhbuf ehi mshmdndhbuk eh if} mdxefeh} t if} mkbedmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}) pkiîudmf} t hmkbýndmf} vxh `fkshmdhskb h dnpxi}fskb hi eh}fsskiik t edhs}d stmf. mdýb eh if} dehbudefeh} t psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih} xscfbf} ehi Nä|dmk eh lkt" _fsf hbusfsih fi h}uxedk eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf) }h pxheh fcksefs eh}eh ed`hshbuh} æbjxik}) fxbvxh bk pks hiik nxuxfnhbuh h|mixthbuh}7 ehnk. jsæstmk) hmkbýndmk) mknxbdmfmdýb t pkiîudmk" If d}dýb ehnkjsæ stmf psddihjdf if ndjsfmdýb t hi mshmdndhbuk eh if} mdx. efeh} mknk pxbuk dnpksufbuh pfsf if mkb`ksnfmdýb eh jsxpk} }kmdfih} mkb psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih} pfsudmxifsh}" F}î pxh}) }x fsjxnhbuk h} næ} k nhbk} hi }d. jxdhbuh" Hb hi }djik \D\) Nä|dmk mknk pfî} dbehphbedhbuh bk hsf næ} vxh xb fnpidk uhssduksdk mkb edhs}f} pkcifmdkbh} fsudmxifef} hb shjdkbh} jhkjsæ stmf}) mxiuxsfih} t pkiîudmf}" Hb h}h hbukbmh}) ik} dbuhihmuxfih} ehmdnkbýbdmk} hîfb hb hi mshmdndhbuk ehnkjsæstmk xbf hstmdhbuh fiuhsbfudf pfsf iihfs f Nä|dmk fi eh}fsskiik t fi pskjsh}k"
46
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
]db hncfsjk) bk `xh }dbk lf}uf eh}pxä} eh mkb}kidefef h ’db}uduxmdkbfidwfef„ if shkixmdýb mxfbek }h mknhbwfskb f mkb}kidefs mxfidufudf t mxfbudufudfnhb. uh ed`hshbuh} mhbusk} pkcifmdkbfih}) vxh f }x hw hsfb ufncdäb mhbusk} pkiîudmk} t hmkbýndmk}" ]d cdhb h} mdhsuk vxh eh}eh hi }djik \D\ tf }h kc}hsfcfb ndjsfmdk. bh} ehi mfnpk f if mdxefe) hi }djik \\ `xh uh}udjk ehi mshmdndhbuk xscfbk) ehcdek hb pfsuh f vxh if mdxefe csdbefcf kusf} fiuhsbfudf} vxh hi mfnpk bk k`shmîf" Ik} jsxpk} eh ndjsfbuh} ikjsfb h}ufcihmhs}h hb if} mdxefeh} t mkndhbwfb f }hs pfsuh eh if nfbk kcshsf) mkb`ksnfbek f}î hmdbefeh}) cfssdk} t mkikbdf} bxhf} vxh shuknfb psæmudmf} mxiuxsfih} eh }x pxhcik eh ksdjhb) pfsf shpskex. mdsif} flksf hb xb hbuksbk ed`hshbuh" ]db hncfsjk) mkb hi pf}k ehi udhnpk if} dhgf} psæmudmf} }h `xhskb hbsdvxhmdhbek eh bxhk} hihnhbuk} }xsjdek} eh}eh xbf d}dýb xscfbf t ed`xbedek} hb jsfb nhedef pks ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmf. mdýb" F}î pxh}) eh}eh h}uf d}dýb) mkb hi mshmdndhbuk pkcifmdkbfi eh if} ed`hshbuh} mdxefeh} ehi pfî} }h `fmdiduý hi eh}fsskiik eh edhs}f} dehbudefeh}) hb hi vxh }k. cshdhb hihnhbuk} eh if mxiuxsf usfedmdkbfi t }h mshfb bxhk} hihnhbuk}" _ks }x pfsuh) hi hb`kvxh hmkbýndmk h|pidmf hi eh}fsskiik eh edhs}f} nf. bd`h}ufmdkbh} f pfsuds eh if} mkbedmdkbh} vxh dnpkbh hi }d}uhnf hmkbýndmk ,mfpdufid}uf k }kmdfid}uf$ t }x} sh}phmudk} mdmik} eh ckbfbwf t msd}d}" H}uf d}dýb shuknf hi hihnhbuk eh if ndjsfmdýb pfsf stbh} eh nhgksf hmkbý. ndmf1 }db hncfsjk) if h}phsfbwf eh ik} ndjsfbuh} }h h eh}fbhmdef fi ukpfs}h mkb if shfidefe) hb if vxh h|d}uh xb fiuk bdhi eh eh}hnpihk t mkbedmdkbh} pshmf. sdf} eh def" Xb pxbuk msxmdfi pfsf h}uh udpk eh h}uxedk} ik mkb}uduxthb if} msd}d} hmkbýndmf} vxh }h lfb hbdek efbek eh}eh ik} kmlhbuf lf}uf if `hmlf) f}î mknk if sh`ksnf bhkidchsfi" Fbuh ik ’mfýudmk„ vxh sh}xiuf dds hb xb mkbuh|uk xscfbk hb mkbedmdkbh} eh msd}d}) }h pskexmh xb }xsjdndhbuk eh h|psh}dkbh} pkpxifsh} ,n÷}dmf) jsf` stud) uhfusk pkpxifs) hum"$ vxh }dshb mknk h}pfmdk eh pskuh}uf ehi }d}uhnf hmkbýndmk) f}î mknk pskpxh}uf} fiuhsbfudf} eh dbuhsmfncdk eh nhsmfb. mîf} ’`xhsf ehi nhsmfek mfpdufid}uf„ 3 ,udfbjxd} mxiuxsfih}) mxiuxsfih}) `hsdf} eh usxhvxh) hum"$"
Ik pkbjk hbush mkndiif}) tf vxh h}uh h} hi ed}mxs}k xudidwfek pks ik} dnpxi}ksh} eh h}uh udpk eh pskthmuk}1 }db hncfsjk) f nd pfshmhs) f ph}fs eh vxh xudidmhb hi usxhvxh mknk `ksnf eh mfncdk eh nhsmfbmîf}) hi sh`hshbuh ehi fiks eh edmlf nhsmfbmîf h} f pfsuds ehi nhsmfek mfpdufid}uf t f}î) pks hghnpik) bk }h pxheh mfncdfs }ýik ’xbf pkh}îf pks xbf} ckuf}„" 3
43
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
_ks }x pfsuh) ik} h}uxedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb }h cf}fb hb if shifmdýb hbush nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb t h|psh}dkbh} t shpsh}hbufmdkbh} xscfbf}" Hb h}uh hb`kvxh hbmkbusfnk} mkbmhpuk} mknk hi eh ’mxiuxsf eh nf}f}„) hb hi vxh ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb }kb xbf `ksnf eh ekndbfmdýb mxiuxsfi7 ’Qif mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf^ h} xbf mxiuxsf) hb hi }hbudek eh nkek} eh def) vxh hnhsjh f pfsuds eh if mkbhs}dýb eh if }kmdhefe usfedmdkbfi hb }kmdhefe eh nf}f} t vxh) pks ik nd}nk) dnpidmf hi }knhudndhbuk t if shexmmdýb eh if} mif}h} pkpxifsh}) if k`hb}df dehkiýjdmf eh ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb nf}dk}) hi nxt shbufcih mfk} ehi mshmdndhbuk mfpdufid}uf„ ,Nkb}dæd}) 3??37 4<$" F}î pxh}) eh}eh h}uf pk}dmdýb) if mxiuxsf pkpxifs mkbuhnpksæbhf }h mkb}uduxth f pfsuds eh ik} nhedk} hihmusýbdmk}) bk h} hi sh}xiufek eh if} ed`hshbmdf} ikmfih} }dbk eh if fmmdýb lknk. jhbhdwfeksf eh if dbex}usdf mxiuxsfi = ,Jfsmîf) 3???$" ]db hncfsjk) pfsf kusk} fxuksh}) ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb bk }kifnhb. uh }kb `fmuks eh ekndbfmdýb) }dbk h}usfuhjdf} pfsf ’if c÷}vxhef t f stsnfmdýb eh xbf dehbudefe) mkb cf}h hb hi uhssduksdk xscfbk ekbeh }h hbmxhbusfb„ ,Nkbudhi) 3??=7 6<$ k cdhb if dnpksufbmdf eh if k`hsuf t hi mkb}xnk mxiuxsfi hb if mkb`ks. nfmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} xscfbf} t }x} sh}phmudf} psæmudmf} t }x} }hbudek}" _ks ÷iudnk) hi hb`kvxh pkiîudmk t }x nftks äb`f}d} hb if} ghsfsvxîf} t sh. ifmdkbh} eh pkehs f if} vxh }h hb`shbufb ik} ed`hshbuh} jsxpk} }kmdfih} hb hi h}pfmdk xscfbk" Ehbusk eh h}uh hb`kvxh) pkehnk} dehbud stmfs ek} uhbehbmdf}" If psdnhsf }h mhbusf hb if dnpksufbmdf eh mdhsuk} hhbuk} eh sxpuxsf pkiîudmf pfsf hi }xsjdndhbuk eh nkdndhbuk} mxiuxsfih}" _ks hghnpik) uhbhnk} edhs}k} h}uxedk} }kcsh hi nkdndhbuk h}uxedfbudi ehi —0< t hi eh}fsskiik eh h|psh}dkbh} eh pskuh}uf bk }ýik ehi }xmh}k) }dbk ufncdäb ehi }d}uhnf pkiîudmk nh|dmfbk1 k ufncdäb }kcsh }xmh}k} shifmdkbfek} mkb mfuæ}usk`h}) mknk hi uhnciks eh 64<8 hb hi Ed}usduk @hehsfi t if} h|pik}dkbh} ehi 33 eh fcsdi eh 6443 hb Jxfefifgfsf) vxh lfb `fmdidufek ,næ} hb hi psdnhsk vxh hb hi }hjxbek$ xb eh}mkbuhbuk eh mdhsuk} }hmuksh} eh if }kmdhefe vxh }h h sh ffihgfek hb psæmudmf} t h|psh}dkbh} mxiuxsfih} pkpxifsh}" Fxbvxh ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb hihmusýbdmf lfb gxjfek xb pfphi dnpksufbuh f pfsuds eh if }hjxbef ndufe ehi }djik \\) lfcsæ vxh mkb}dehsfs fijxbk} fbuhmhehbuh} ehi }djik \D\" Mknk nhbmdkbf Fbehs}kb ,3???$ hb }x h}uxedk }kcsh hi bfmdkbfid}nk) if} bk. hif} gxjfskb xb pfphi dnpksufbuh hb if mshfmdýb eh xbf mknxbdefe dnfjdbfef) k edmlk eh kusk nkek) hb if mshfmdýb eh xbf mknxbdefe næ} k nhbk} lknkjäbhf" =
4=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
If }hjxbef uhbehbmdf udhbh vxh hs mkb xbf mxh}udýb næ} h}usxmuxsfi) shif. mdkbfef if nftksîf eh if} hmh} mkb if lhjhnkbîf t if ekndbfmdýb eh if} mif}h} eh äiduh }kcsh if} eh jsxpk} }xcfiuhsbk}" F}î) if mxiuxsf pkpxifs pxheh }hs d}uf mknk xbf sh}pxh}uf f if ’fiuf mxiuxsf„) vxh usfuf eh dnpkbhs }d}uhnf} eh fiksh} fmkseh} mkb }x} dbuhsh}h} hmkbýndmk} t pkiîudmk}" F}î pxh}) ed`hshbuh} h}uxedk} lfb efek mxhbuf }kcsh if} mkbedmdkbh} hb vxh }h `ksnfb t eh}fsskiifb if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}) phsk »mxæi eh ukek} }h fmhsmfsæ næ} f if shfidefe; Hb h}uh }hbudek) mkdbmdek mkb Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd fi mknhbufs vxh hi h}uxedk eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs ehch }hs dbuhsed}mdpidbfsdk7 ’F}î mknk bk `xbmdkbf if kpk}dmdýb fcdhsuf hbush ik usfedmdkbfi t ik nkehsbk) ufnpk. mk ik mxiuk) ik pkpxifs t ik nf}dk h}uæb ekbeh bk} lfcduxfnk} f hbmkbusfsik}" H} bhmh}fsdk ehmkb}usxds h}f d}dýb hb ush} pd}k}) h}f mkbmhpmdýb lkgfiesfef ehi nxbek eh if mxiuxsf) t fhsdjxfs }d }x ldcsdefmdýb pxheh ihhs}h mkb if} lh. ssfndhbuf} eh if} ed}mdpidbf} vxh ik} h}uxedfb pks }hpfsfek Q†^ bhmh}dufnk} mdhbmdf} }kmdfih} býnfef}) mfpfmh} eh mdsmxifs pks if} h}mfihsf} vxh mknxbdmfb h}k} pd}k}" K nhgks7 vxh shed}höhb ik} pifbk} t mknxbdvxhb lksdwkbufinhbuh ik} bdhih}„ ,Jfsmîf) 644?7 65.60$ If} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}) pxh}) bk ehchb hs}h }ýik mknk sh}xiufek eh xb ehuhsndbfek `fmuks k mkbgxbuk eh hiik}) tf vxh if} nd}nf} h|psh}dkbh} mxiuxsfih} pkpxifsh} nxh}usfb if} mkbusfedmmdkbh} ifuhbuh} eh if }kmdhefe hb jh. bhsfi ,ik usfedmdkbfi t ik nkehsbk) ik sfedmfi t ik mkb}hsfeks) if nf}d stmfmdýb t if pixsfidefe) ik ikmfi t ik i k jikcfi) hum"$) mkbusfedmmdkbh} hb mkb}ufbuh nkdndhbuk t mkb ed`hshbuh} nfudmh}"
]HJXBEK FMUK" IF _SKNKMDÝB EH IF MXIUXSF _K_XIFS F pfsuds eh ik} }huhbuf t mkb nftks `xhswf hb ik} kmlhbuf) hb Fnäsdmf Ifud. bf }h edk xb nkdndhbuk psæmudmk dbuhihmuxfi hb hi vxh }h dk if bhmh}defe eh shffih|dkbfs }kcsh if `ksnf mknk }h lfmîf psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi) t f}dnd}. nk ed}mxuds }kcsh if bhmh}defe eh dbkixmsfs fi }hmuks mxiuxsf ehbusk eh if} pkiîudmf} }kmdfih} eh eh}fsskiik" »_ks vxä if mxiuxsf) hbukbmh}) h} kcghuk eh pkiîudmf};
45
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
Bh}uks Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd ,64<4$ lfmh xbf sh ffih|dýb fi sh}phmuk) pks mdhsuk nxt dbuhsh}fbuh t mkb xbf d}dýb ifudbkfnhsdmfbd}uf1 f jsfbeh} sf}jk}) pk. ehnk} ehuhmufs mxfusk pk}dcih} sfwkbh}7 6" Hi bxhk ixjfs eh eh if mxiuxsf }h ehch ehch f vxh }h usfb}`ksný hi mkbmhp. uk eh hiif7 lf jfbfek if mkbmhpmdýb fbuskpkiýjdmf eh vxh if mxiuxsf fcfsmf ukek} ik} f}phmuk} eh if def }kmdfi) shcf}fbek if d}dýb eh if mxiuxsf mknk fsuh hidud}uf" 3" Hi mfncdk eh bkmdýb eh mxiuxsf }h ehch f vxh mfncdý if bkmdýb eh eh}fsskiik t lhjhnkbîf pkiîudmf" Hb h}uh }hbudek) }h sh ffih|dkbf vxh hi eh}fsskiik bk sh}deh ÷bdmfnhbuh hb ik} îbedmh} nfuhsdfih}) t pks kusk ifek) lft xbf msd}d} eh mshedcdidefe hb if} db}uduxmdkbh} pkiîudmf}) ik vxh lfmh shpifbuhfs vxä udpk eh }kmdhefe vxhshnk}" =" Hi mfncdk mfncdk eh bkmdkbh} }h ehch ehch fi h}ufbmfndhbuk t `sfmf}k `sfmf}k eh eh ik} nk. ehik} eh eh}fsskiik" Lf lfcdek xb shuskmh}k hb hi eh}fsskiik hmkbý. ndmk t }kmdfi t fmuxfinhbuh if} hmkbknîf} ifudbkfnhsdmfbf} fb hb ehmshnhbuk) fcsdäbek}h mfef hw næ} if cshmlf hbush pkcsh} t sdmk}) fehnæ} ehi cfgk bdhi eh def) ik} pskcihnf} }kmdfih} t pkiîudmk} vxh hb if shjdýb }h lfb efek t vxh eh xbf x kusf nfbhsf lfb db ffixdek hb hi h}ufbmfndhbuk k hnphksfndhbuk eh if def hmkbýndmf t }kmdfi eh ik} ifudbkfnhsdmfbk}" 5" Shffih|dkbfs }kcsh hi pfphi eh if mxiuxsf hb hi eh}fsskiik dbuhjsfi eh if} bfmdkbh}" Hi fmmh}k fi pfusdnkbdk ld}uýsdmk t f ik} cdhbh} mxiuxsfih} pskpksmdkbf f if} }kmdhefeh} hihnhbuk} pfsf if mkb}usxmmdýb eh nk. ehik} ehnkmsæudmk} eh eh}fsskiik" @xh pshmd}fnhbuh hb if eämfef eh ik} kmlhbuf vxh }xsjdhskb hb Ifudbk. fnäsdmf edhs}k} ksjfbd}nk} jxchsbfnhbufih}) hnpsh}fsdfih} t eh if }kmdhefe mddi vxh eh}fsskiifskb xbf }hsdh eh pskjsfnf} eh psknkmdýb t ed`x}dýb eh if mxiuxsf" F}î pxh}) }h mknhbwý f phb}fs hb xb bxhk fmuks) 5 hi mxfi h} d}uk mknk xb fjhbuh mxiuxsfi vxh eh}fsskiif h}usfuhjdf} pfsf if psknkmdýb eh if mxiuxsf" Bxhk) bk hb hi }hbudek eh vxh bk h|d}udhsf fbuh}) }dbk vxh h} d}uk tf mknk xb kstmdk t xbf psk`h}dýb) f if mxfi }h ih h}phmd stmfb `xbmdkbh} t }h ih ehuhsndbfb mknphuhb. mdf} ifcksfih}" 5
48
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
H}uk} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} ed}höfb t hghmxufb pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) fijxbf} hmh} eh}eh if dbuxdmdýb) kusf} næ} eh}eh if h|phsdhbmdf `ksnfef hb if psæmudmf) k cdhb f pfsuds eh mkbkmdndhbuk} t lfcdidefeh} fevxdsdek} pks fijxbf `ksnfmdýb fmfeändmf) shjxifsnhbuh shifmdkbfef mkb if} æshf} }kmdfi) fsuî}udmf t+k fendbd}. usfudf ,Nfsd}mfi) 3??0$" Fbulfs Iýphw Udsfek ,3???7 3$ nhbmdkbf fi sh}phmuk vxh ’ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} }kb ukek} fvxhiik} jsxpk} k fmuksh} vxh shpsh}hbufb xb sh`hshbuh dbhixedcih hb if mkb`ksnfmdýb eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) vxdhbh} pfsudmdpfb k bk ehidchsfefnhbuh hb }x ed}hök t eh}fsskiik„" _fsf ik} stbh} eh h}uf h|pk}dmdýb) pkehnk} ehuhmufs mxfusk fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih}7 6"
If Djih}df " ]kb if} db}uduxmdkbh} t jsxpk} }kmdfih} vxh fpidmfb pkiîudmf}
mxiuxsfih} cfgk xb }x}uhbuk shidjdk}k t vxh nkiehfb t+k nked stmfb if} mshhbmdf}) fmmdkbh} t nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} }kmdkmxiuxsfih}" 3" Hi H}ufek" Fpidmf if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} pfsf ikjsfs xb ’eh}fsskiik }k. mdfi„ vxh f usfä} eh if ld}uksdf lf fpidmfek eh fmxhsek mkb if} mkbmhp. mdkbh} eh eh}fsskiik pshfihmdhbuh} hb }x nknhbuk1 if} fpidmf hb }x} ush} bdhih}7 `hehsfi) h}ufufi t nxbdmdpfi) t eh}eh hi _kehs Hghmxudk t hi _kehs Ihjd}ifudk" =" If dbdmdfudf dbdmdfudf psdf ef" Eh}fsskiif pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} mxtk stb h} if mk. nhsmdfidwfmdýb eh ik} pskexmuk}) }hsdmdk} t cdhbh} mxiuxsfih}) kcheh. mdhbek f if iýjdmf ehi nhsmfek" Fijxbf} fjsxpfmdkbh} pskhbdhbuh} eh if dbdmdfudf psdfef lfb eh}fsskiifek pskthmuk} t pskjsfnf} f nfbh. sf eh ’chbhstmhbmdf„ k nhmhbfwjk) t }x} fpksufmdkbh} hmkbýndmf} }kb ehexmdcih} eh dnpxh}uk}" F}î pxh}) ehbusk eh h}uf mfuhjksîf pkehnk} hbmkbusfs f if} hnpsh}f} heduksdfih}) dbex}usdf} mxiuxsfih}) `xbefmdk. bh} t pfuskbfuk}" 5" If }kmdhefe mddi" F pfsuds eh }x pfsudmdpfmdýb pkiîudmf) if} }kmdhef. eh} mddih} }h lfb mkbhsudek hb fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} mfef hw nftksh} t næ} fmudk}) t pks ik shjxifs cx}mfb hi eh}fsskiik eh if mknxbdefe ekbeh lfcdufb1 hbush hiif} hbmkbusfnk} f if} f}kmdfmdkbh} mddih}) if} }kmdhefeh} mddih}) mkkphsfudf}) ksjfbdwfmdkbh} hmdbfih}) jsxpk} eh gýhbh}) ksjfbdwfmdkbh} eh usfcfgfeksh} eh if mxiuxsf mknk pxhehb
40
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
}hs) pks hghnpik) eh jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih}) eh uämbdmk}) eh fsud}uf}) eh phsdked}uf}) eh dbh}udjfeksh}) hum" F}î pxh}) h}uk} fjhbuh} mshfb) shpskexmhb k dbmix}k }h kpkbhb kp kbhb f if} pkiîud. mf} mxiuxsfih}" Hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf }h lfb dnpihnhbufek dnpi hnhbufek edhs}k} udpk} eh h}uf} pkiîudmf} t) pks ik ufbuk) ed`hshbuh} `ksnf} eh lfmhs jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" F mkbudbxfmdýb psh}hbufsä xbf id}uf eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} vxh }h lfb fpidmfek hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf t vxh) eh xb nkek x kusk) db ffixthb }kcsh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh}1 fijxbf} phs}djxhb) hbush }x} kcghudk}) db ffixds) kusf} bk ik cx}mfb phsk fxb f}î dbmdehb" Pkt f eh}msdcdsif} t nhbmdkbfsä xbk} hghnpik}" ]h usfuf eh xbf id}uf }dndifs f if vxh pskpkbh Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd) 8 phsk if }xtf sh}xiuf nxt jhbhsfi pfsf xcdmfs if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} eh if} mxiuxsf} pk. pxifsh}) t fehnæ} fjshjk xbf vxh pk}dcihnhbuh eä pfsf xbf ed}mx}dýb næ} fnpidf" If} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} vxh db ffixthb }kcsh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} hb Fnä. sdmf Ifudbf7 6" 3" =" 5" 8" 0"
Nkehsbdwfeksf" Bfmdkbfid}uf" Eh nf}f}" Ed`x}dkbd}nk" Idchsufeksf" _ixsfid}nk mxiuxsfi"
Nkehsbdwfeksf ]x nkehik eh eh}fsskiik h} hi hkixmdkbd}nk }kmdfi nkehsbk" Ik dnpksufbuh h} }hs bfmdkbh} nkehsbf} t ehgfs f xb ifek if} mxiuxsf} psdndudf} t pshnkehsbf}" Hi fsuh gxhjf xb pfphi mhbusfi t }ýik ef mfcdef f if mxiuxsf kmmdehbufi" Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd dehbudstmf }hd} udpk} eh pkiîudmf}7 hi nhmhbfwjk idchsfi) hi usfedmdkbf. usfedmd kbf. id}nk pfuhsbfid}uf) hi pkpxid}nk eh h}ufek) if psdfudwfmdýb bhkidchsfi) if ehnkmsfudwfmdýb mxiuxsfi t if ehnkmsfmdf pfsudmdpfudf" 8
4:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hi H}ufek) if Djih}df t if dbdmdfudf psdfef hb Ifudbkfnäsdmf lfb eh}fssk. iifek h}uh udpk eh pkiîudmf) }kcsh ukek hb hi }djik \D\ t hb if psdnhsf ndufe ehi }djik \\) tf vxh udhbhb mknk mkbuh|uk ld}uýsdmk if Shkixmdýb Dbex}usdfi t xb }x}uhbuk dehkiýjdmk eh if Dix}usfmdýb) phsk p hsk ufncdäb if d}dýb eh}fsskiid}uf" Eh}eh h}uf d}dýb) if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} }kb }ýik if}ush} eh xb pf}fek vxh bk} lfmh }hs nhbk} nkehsbk}) pks ik vxh h} bhmh}fsdk hidndbfsif} k usfb}`ksnfsif} eh fmxhsek mkb if d}dýb eh}fsskiid}uf"
Bfmdkbfid}uf.pkpxid}uf ]x cf}h dehkiýjdmf }kb if} mkbmhpmdkbh} ehi H}ufek.bfmdýb nkehsbk t if mkb. `ksnfmdýb eh if dehbudefe ehi nd}nk) f pfsuds eh shuknfs edhs}k} hihnhbuk} eh if} mxiuxsf} usfedmdkbfih} t pkpxifsh} pfsf mshfs xbf dehbudefe bfmdkbfi nkbk. mxiuxsfi ,Kidh) 64447 33:$" Hb h}uh }hbudek) hi H}ufek h} hi sh}pkb}fcih eh ukef fmuddefe mxiuxsfi) pks ik vxh hi fsuh h} db ffixhbmdfek pks if mkssdhbuh dehkiýjdmf" Xb pfs eh hghnpik} ik} pkehnk} hs hb Mxcf t Nä|dmk) f pfsuds eh }x} sh}phmudf} shkixmdkbh}" Eh Nä|dmk pkehnk} nhbmdkbfs hi hghnpik ehi pskthmuk bfmdkbfid}uf sh ffihgfek hb if kcsf nxsfid}uf eh Sdhsf) ]dvxhdsk} t Kskwmk) hbush kusk}) t if pshpkbehsfbmdf eh mdhsuf} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} usfedmdkbfih} t }x dnpk}dmdýb mknk dehbudefe bfmdk. bfi hb ukek hi uhssduksdk) }db dnpksufs if edhs}defe h|d}uhbuh" If} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} }kb `xhbuh eh db}pdsfmdýb eh if dehbudefe) phsk }ýik fijxbf} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh}) if} ’næ} shpsh}hbufudf} eh if mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi„) pks ik vxh }ýik }h fpktfb h}f} t if} ehnæ}) eh ’nhbk} dnpksufbmdf„) }kb shihjfef}) phsk hb jhbhsfi }kb d}uf} mknk pfusdnkbdk ehi pfî}" Hb hi mf}k eh fijxbf} nfbd. `h}ufmdkbh} eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf ,}kcsh ukek) nkdndhbuk} fiuhsbfudk} k lîcsdek}) k fnck}$) h}uf pkiîudmf if} mfufikjf mknk ’eh db ffixhbmdf h|usfbghsf„ k ’h|usfbghsd}nk}„) pks ik vxh }kb shihjfef} k hefef}"
Eh nf}f} H}uf pkiîudmf udhbh mknk mkbmhpmdýb hi eh}fsskiik vxh }h ef f pfsuds ehi mkb}xnk eh cdhbh} mxiuxsfih} pks ik} dbeddexk} eh fmxhsek mkb if} ihth} ehi nhsmfek) mkb xb stb mknhsmdfi1 fmu÷f eh nfbhsf jhbhsfi hb ush} îf}7
4<
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
6"
If ed`x}dýb eh if mxiuxsf kmmdeh kmmdehbufi bufi lhjhnýbdmf" _shuhbeh if ed`x}dýb
eh if} chiif} fsuh} t ik} nkehik} eh h}udik eh def eh if mxiuxsf kmmd. ehbufi) }kcsh ukek eh ik} jsxpk} eh pkehs" Hb h}uh }hbudek) if ’nd}dýb„ h} efs f mkbkmhs if} fsuh} mknk nxh}usf eh sh stbfndhbuk t mfuhjksîf" Mknk hghnpik} pkehnk} nhbmdkbfs if} `xbefmdkbh} t pfuskbfuk} vxh shfidwfb h|pk}dmdkbh} eh ’fsuh mxiuk„ ,n÷}dmf) iduhsfuxsf) piæ}udmf) fs. vxduhmuxsf) uhfusk t efbwf$) f}î mknk pskjsfnf} ekmxnhbufih}) shd}. uf}) ed}mk}) hum") vxh hedufb t pskexmhb ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb h}msduk}) }kbksk} t hihmusýbdmk}" 3" Hi nfvxdiifgh eh if} if} mxiuxsf } pkpxifsh}" Shuknf hihnhbuk} eh if} mxi. uxsf} pkpxifsh} t `kimiýsdmf} pfsf shukmfsif}) }knhuhsif} f xb `ksnfuk mknhsmdfi t shjsh}fs f if pkcifmdýb xb pskexmuk mknhsmdfi mkb hi stb eh hbehsik t hb nxmlf} kmf}dkbh}) mkb hi udhnpk) pfsf vxh `ksnh pfsuh eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs" Mknk hghnpik pkehnk} nhbmdkbfs hi nfsdfmld) vxh hb }x} dbdmdk} }ýik hsf xb mkbgxbuk eh mxhsef} t }x} dbuhjsfbuh} }h h}uîfb mkb usfgh eh nfbuf ,f if x}fbwf ehi }xs eh Gf. id}mk$) phsk xbf hw vxh pfsudmdpfskb hb Uhihd}f) if hnpsh}f ehmdedý fjshjfsih usknphuf} t hi usfgh mlfssk) shfidwf phiîmxif}) pskjsfnf} t ed}mk} mkb h}uf bxhf dnfjhb t if} ed}usdcxth pfsf }x hbuf hb hi pfî}" Eh}pxä} eh nhedk }djik) h|d}uhb ndih} eh nfsdfmld} hb ukek hi nxbek t if nftksîf f dnfjhb t }hnhgfbwf ehi nfsdfmld ed}höfek pks Uhihd. }f) h dbmix}k hbush if }kmdhefe phsnhf if dehf jhbhsfidwfef eh vxh hi nfsdfmld }dhnpsh lf uhbdek h}h `ksnfuk" Mknhsmdfidwf t ed`xbeh
@ksnfuk mknhsmdfi Mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} Nfvxdiifgh
Shuknf hihnhbuk}
="
Mxiuxsf h`înhsf mknhsmdfi" H}uf nfbd`h}ufmdýb }ýik pshuhbeh `knhb.
ufs mdhsuf} fmuduxeh} mkb xb stb nhsfnhbuh mknhsmdfi t) pks ik shjxifs)
44
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
h`înhsf}1 hbush hiif} pkehnk} hbmkbusfs if} nkef}) if `ksnf eh shifmdk. bfs}h) n÷}dmf) hum" Mkb hi pskmh}k eh jikcfidwfmdýb) }h usfuf eh h}ufbefsdwfs if mxiuxsf f pfsuds ehi fnhsdmfb zft k` id`h id`h) phsk) mfef hw næ}) lft pskexmmdkbh}) eh ed`hshbuh} pfî}h}) vxh eh xb nkek x kusk fpksufb hihnhbuk} mxiuxsfih} eh }x pfî} eh ksdjhb) t ufi hw fijk f÷b næ} mknpihgk) h|d}uhb edhs}f} pskexmmdkbh} mxtk ksdjhb bk }h ikmfidwf `æmdinhbuh7 Q"""^ ik} hbushuhbdndhbuk} }kb pskexmdek} pks kusk} ihgfbk}) ufncdäb }db bkncsh) mknk nfsmf} eh `æcsdmf ” MBB) Uhihd}f) NUP ”) ”) mxtk uîuxik mknpihuk f nhbxek if nftksîf eh}mkbkmh" »Hb vxä ixjfs }h pskexmhb h}k} ulsdiihs}) uhihbkhif}) bkudmdhsk} t bkmlh} eh hbushuhbdndhbuk; »Hb Ik} Æbjhih}) Nä|dmk) Cxhbk} Fdsh}) Bxhf Tksa) k vxdwæ} hb h}uxedk} }dnxifek} hb xbf cflîf eh H}ufek} Xbdek}; »Bk hsf ]kbt gfpkbh}f; »Vxä lfmh) hbukbmh}) usfb}ndudhbek eh}eh Ndfnd; Vxh ik} mkbexmuksh} ehi pskjsfnf lf. cihb h}pföki k dbjiä}) xb h}pföki fsjhbudbk k nh|dmfbk) mknk lfmh NUP ) pfsf }xjhsds dehbudstmfmdýb mkb pfî}h} h}phmîstmk}) }djbdstmf pkmk" Fi stb eh mxhbuf}) h} næ} hsk}î. ndi) næ} mkdbmdehbuh mkb h}uf eh}uhssduksdfidwfmdýb t h}f ihgfbîf dnpshmd}f) mxfbek }h bk} lfcif hi dbjiä} eh}ikmfidwfek eh if MBB k hi h}pföki eh}uhödek eh ik} ihmuksh} eh bkudmdf} eh Uhihd}f k eh if} }hsdh} ekcifef}" Exsfbuh if äpkmf ehi dnphsdfid}nk }h pkeîf h|phsdnhbufs hi }îbesknh eh Efde `shbuh f Jkidfu Q"""^ Lkt mfef xbk }h ed}hnd. bf hb ushdbuf h}mhbfsdk}) mkb æjdi exmudidefe pfsf eh}idwfs}h eh xb pfî} f kusk) eh xbf mxiuxsf f nxmlf}) hbush if} sheh} eh xb nhsmfek pkidnks`k ,Jfsmîf) 3???7 3:$"
Idchsufeksf ]h cf}f hb if uhkikjîf eh if idchsfmdýb t udhbh dnpidmfmdkbh} hb if fxukjh}udýb mk. nxbdufsdf mkb stbh} uhkiýjdmk} mknk nkehik} eh eh}fsskiik" H}uf pkiîudmf nked stmf) mkb}hsf k dbuhsdhbh hb nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs hb psk eh if hfb. jhidwfmdýb" Hb h}uh }hbudek) if Djih}df mkb`ksnf fjsxpfmdkbh} f if} vxh ehbkndbf ’mknxbdefeh} eh cf}h„) mkb hi stb eh `knhbufs xb ’eh}fsskiik næ} lxnfbk„7 †hi hsefehsk eh}fsskiik) vxh h} hi pf}k) pfsf mfef xbk t pfsf ukek}) eh mkbedmdkbh} eh def nhbk} lxnfbf}) f mkbedmdkbh} næ} lxnfbf}" Nhbk} lxnfbf}7 if} mfshbmdf} nfuhsdfih} eh ik} vxh h}uæb psdfek} eh ik dufi t if} mfshbmdf} nksfih} eh ik} vxh h}uæb 6??
_kiîudmf} eh db}uduxmdkbfidwfmdýb eh if ihmuxsf hb Nä|dmk
nxudifek} pks hi hjkî}nk Q"""^" Næ} lxnfbf}7 lx nfbf}7 hi shnkbufs}h eh if nd}hsdf f if pk}h}dýb pk}h }dýb eh ik bhmh}fsdk) if dmuksdf }kcsh if} mfifndefeh} }kmdfih}) if fnpidfmdýb eh ik} mkbkmd. ndhbuk}) if fevxd}dmdýb eh if mxiuxsf ,_fcik PD) 640<7 5=$"
Ed`x}dkbd}nk If d}dýb eh eh}fsskiik }h ef f pfsuds eh if ehnkmsfmdf nkehsbf) h} ehmds) hi vxh ukek} ik} dbeddexk} t jsxpk} ’uhbjfb fmmh}k f if mxiuxsf„) k }hf) ’iihfs if mxiuxsf f ik} pxhcik}„" Eh}eh h}uf d}dýb) if mxiuxsf t if} fsuh} h}uæb mkbmhbusfef}) pks ik vxh lft vxh ed}usdcxdsif}) pfsf ikjsfs xbf ehnkmsfudwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf" H}uf mkbmhpmdýb h}uæ h|psh}fef) tk edsîf fsvxhuîpdmfnhbuh) hb if dehf eh Nfisfx| ,mxfbek `xh ndbd}usk eh mxiuxsf eh @sfbmdf) hb if eämfef eh ik} }h}hbuf$ sh`hshbuh f if} `xbmdkbh} eh if} ’mf}f} eh mxiuxsf„" F usfä} eh hiif} }h pskmxsfcf ed`xbeds ik} chbhstmdk} eh if mxiuxsf fi mkbgxbuk eh if pkcifmdýb) fi nd}nk udhnpk vxh ih} phsnduîf pfsudmdpfs eh ik} chbhstmdk} eh if äiduh ,Fbehs Hjj) 64<:7 4:$"
Ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} vxh lfb eh}fsskiifek h}uf pkiîudmf }kb hi H}ufek t if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} mddih}"
_ixsfid}nk mxiuxsfi ]h cf}f hb hi eh}fsskiik pixsfi eh if} mxiuxsf} f pfsuds ehi edæikjk) if pfsudmdpfmdýb t if hghmxmdýb eh if pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" Hb h}uh }hbudek) if mxiuxsf bk ’}h iihf f ik} pxhcik}„) }dbk vxh if lfmhb ik} pxhcik}1 ik} dbeddexk}) jsxpk} t mknxbdefeh} }kb mkb}xndeksh} mxiuxsfih}) phsk ufncdäb shpskexmuksh} t mshfeksh}" _ks ik ufbuk) mfef pxhcik pk}hh }x} pskpdf} bhmh}defeh} t }x} pskpdk} näukek} pfsf }kixmdk. bfsif}) hb cf}h fi edæikjk" Ik `xbefnhbufi h} vxh ik} ndhncsk} eh if mxiuxsf hb mxh}udýb ehmdefb vxä mfncdk} }kb fmhpufcih} pfsf hiik} t mxæih} bk Q"""^ ik} mfncdk} t if} dbbkfmdkbh} ehbusk eh if} mxiuxsf} usfedmdkbfih} ehchsîfb jhbhsfs}h f pfsuds eh if} kpdbdkbh}) ik} eh}hk} t ik} pskthmuk} eh }x} ndhncsk}) t uknfbek }hsdfnhbuh hb mxhbuf }x} bhmh}defeh}) fiksh} t mshhbmdf}" Ukef pkiîudmf vxh f`hmuh }x `ksnf eh def ehchsîf eh}fsskiifs}h nhedfbuh xb fmxhsek mkb hiik} ,Kidh) 64447 335.338$" 6?6
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
H}uh udpk eh pkiîudmf} ik lf eh}fsskiifek mkb ä|duk Csf}di) t Mxcf t Nä|dmk }ýik ik lfb fpidmfek hb mdhsuk} }hmuksh} phsk mkb pkmk fpktk) mknpihnhbufsdk f kusk} pskjsfnf}) pks ik vxh bk `ksnf pfsuh eh if} pkiîudmf} jhbhsfih} eh ik} pfî}h}" Hi hghnpik hb Nä|dmk }h sh ffihgf hb if Edshmmdýb Jhbhsfi eh Mxiuxsf} _kpxifsh} h Dbeîjhbf} ehi Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi pfsf if Mxiuxsf t if} Fsuh}) h}phmî stmfnhbuh hb hi _skjsfnf pfsf hi Fpktk eh if} Mxiuxsf} Nxbdmdpfih} t Mknxbdufsdf} ,_FMNtM$) hi mxfi fpktf mkb shmxs}k} hmkbýndmk} 0 pskthmuk} }xsjdek} eh t pfsf if} pskpdf} mknxbdefeh}1 f ph}fs eh kcuhbhs}h cxhbk} sh}xiufek}) hi fpktk h} db}x stmdhbuh t bk }h ih} ef xb }hjxdndhbuk t f}h}ksîf uämbdmf) eh}phsedmdæbek}h if kpksux. bdefe eh }hs næ} h stmdhbuh} t hstmfmh} t mfpfmh} bk }ýik eh usfb}`ksnfs f if} mknxbdefeh} pfsudmdpfbuh}) }dbk eh ikjsfs xbf db ffixhbmdf shjdkbfi f pfsuds eh if pfsudmdpfmdýb eh ik} pskthmuk}) pks hghnpik) shfidwfbek sheh} eh psknkuksh} mk. nxbdufsdk} pfsf mknpfsuds h|phsdhbmdf} t hbsdvxhmhs næ} hi usfcfgk shfidwfek" @dbfinhbuh) h}uf pkiîudmf }h cf}f hb if ehnkmsfmdf pfsudmdpfudf t ef pks lhmlk vxh ik} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} h}uæb ed}pxh}uk} f edfikjfs t f pfsudmdpfs fmud. fnhbuh hb if mkb`ksnfmdýb) eh}fsskiik t hfixfmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Lf}uf fvxî lhnk} shd}fek if} ed`hshbuh} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}) }x} fjhbuh}) t xb pkmk }x} mkbuh|uk} dehkiýjdmk} h ld}uýsdmk}) phsk f nfbhsf eh sh}xnhb eh h}uf }hmmdýb) psh}hbufsä ek} mxfesk}7 hi psdnhsk h} if shifmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} mkb }x} mkbuh|uk} dehkiýjdmk h ld}uýsdmk) t hi }hjxbek h} xbf eh}msdp. mdýb eh h}f} pkiîudmf} hb shifmdýb mkb }x mkbmhpmdýb eh eh}fsskiik" _kiîudmf
MKBUH\UK Dehkiýjdmk
Ld}uýsdmk
NKEHSBDWFEKSF
Uhksîf eh}fsskiid}uf + hkixmdk. bd}nk }kmdfi
Shkixmdýb dbex}usdfi) nkdndhb. uk} eh dbehphbehbmdf eh if} bfmdkbh} fnhsdmfbf}
BFMDKBFID]UF
Nkdndhbuk} bfmdkbfid}uf} t pskuhmmdkbd}uf} + hi H}ufek mknk sh}pkb}fcih ehi eh}f. sskiik
Shkixmdkbh} }kmdfih}. ndidufsh} eh mksuh }kmdfid}uf
Hi fpktk h} nhsfnhbuh hmkbýndmk t bk pxheh }hs nftks eh %3?)???"??1 hb hi fök 3??? }h fpktfskb 6)?6< pskthmuk} hb ukek hi pfî}" 0
6?3
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
EH NF]F]
Mfpdufid}nk + bhkidchsfid}nk + jikcfidwfmdýb
Eh}fsskiik eh ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb nf}df eh nhedf. ek} ehi }djik \\ lf}uf if `hmlf
IDCHSFEKSF
Uhkikjîf eh if idchsfmdýb
Mkbmdidk Pfudmfbk + Mkb`hshbmdf ehi Hpd}mkpfek Ifudbkfnhsd. mfbk
ED@X]DKBD]NK
Ehnkmsfudwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf
Nkdndhbuk} }kmdfih} ehnkmsf. udwfeksh} + }xsjdndhbuk t pfsud. mdpfmdýb eh if }kmdhefe mddi
_IX _I XSF SFID ID]NK ] NK MXI MXIUX UXSF SFII
Eh} h}fs fssski kiik ik pixsfi x sfi eh if if}} mxi mxiuxs u xsf} f pfsuds eh }x} pskpdf} bhmh. }defeh}
Nkdndhbuk} mxiuxsfih} eh if} dehbudefeh} ,dbeîjhbf}) jft}) bfmdkbfid}nk}) hum"$
_kiîudmf}
Fjhbuh}
NKEH NK EHSB SBDW DWFE FEKS KSF F H} H}uf ufek ek Djih}df} Dbdmdfudf psdfef BFMDKBFID]UF
H}ufek ]kmdhefe mddi
Mkbmhpmdýb eh eh}fsskiik
_sdbmdpfih} fmmdkbh}
Eh}fsskiik nkehsbdwfeks1 h} bhmh}fsdf if hkixmdýb }kmdfi eh if} mxiuxsf} psdndudf} k pshnkehsbf}
Hidndbfmdýb k h|mix}dýb eh if} mxiuxsf} usfed. mdkbfih} t ed`x}dýb h dnpk}dmdýb eh if mxiuxsf kmmdehbufi
Mshfmdýb eh xbf }kif mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi vxh shuknh hihnhbuk} eh if} ed`hshbuh} mxiuxsf}
_sh}hsfmdýb eh if} usfedmdkbh} næ} shpsh}hbufudf} h dnpk. }dmdýb eh xbf dehbudefe lknkjäbhf
EH NF]F]
Dbdmdfudf psdfef
Shksjfbdwfs if mxiuxsf cfgk if} ihth} ehi nhsmfek t hi mkb}xnk dbeddexfi
Mshfmdýb eh pskexmuk} mxiuxsfih} `æmdinhbuh mknhsmdfih}
IDCHSFEKSF
Djih}df Mfuýidmf
Hi shdbk eh Edk} h}uæ fvxî) pks ik vxh lft vxh }hs idcsh}
Ksjfbdwfmdýb eh mknx. bdefeh} hmih}dfih} eh cf}h pfsf hi eh}fsskiik
ED@X]DKBD]NK
H}ufek
Ehnkmsfudwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf
_skjsfnf} eh ed`x}dýb eh ik} cdhbh} mxiuxsfih}
]kmdhefe mddi Dbdmdfudf psdfef
6?=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
_IXSFID]NK MXIUXSFI
H}ufek ]kmdhefe mddi
Eh}fsskiik pixsfi eh if} mxi. uxsf} f pfsuds eh }x} pskpdf} bhmh}defeh}
Jh}udýb eh if mxiuxsf Nxiudmxiuxsfi t pixsfi
EH]HBIFMH ESFNÆUDMK" IF _SKNKMDÝB EH IF MXIUXSF _K_XIFS XSCFBF Mknk }h nhbmdkbý) h|d}uhb fsdk} udpk} eh pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) vxh mkbiihfb ed}. udbuf} `ksnf} eh lfmhs jh}udýb mxiuxsfi1 mfef xbk psddihjdf xbf mkbmhpmdýb eh mxiuxsf t hbnfsmf if} h}usfuhjdf} pfsf }x psknkmdýb" F}î) pks hghnpik) eh if} h|psh}dkbh} eh ik vxh fijxbk} iifnfb if ’mkbusf. mxiuxsf„) if pkiîudmf bfmdkbfi pkpxid}uf edsîf vxh }kb db ffixhbmdf} h|usfbghsf}) pks ik vxh lft vxh msdudmfsif} t ’csdbefs fi pxhcik„ xbf psknkmdýb eh }x pskpdf mxiuxsf usfedmdkbfi" Hb mfncdk) if pkiîudmf pixsfid}uf h}ufsîf eh fmxhsek mkb }x psknkmdýb) pshmd}fnhbuh pfsf vxh kusk} }hmuksh} if mkbkwmfb t f}î pxhefb }hs mknpshbedef} t ukihsfef}" Fxbvxh }hsîf dbuhsh}fbuh lfmhs xbf shd}dýb dbuhb}f }kcsh ik} ed`hshbuh} pskthmuk} eh mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf vxh }h lfb eh}fsskiifek hb if} ush} ÷iudnf} eämfef}) pks h}uh nknhbuk nh mhbusfsä hb if} ed}mx}dkbh} vxh }h edhskb hb hi DD @ksk Bfmdkbfi eh Mxiuxsf _kpxifs Xscfbf) vxh }h shfidwý ehi 3< fi =? eh fjk}uk eh 3??= hb Nkshidf) Ndmlkfmæb) vxh pxheh }hsds pfsf fcsds hi ehcfuh t if shffih|dýb" F h}uh `ksk f}d}udhskb xbf jsfb fsdhefe eh jsxpk} psknkuksh} t mshfeksh} mxiuxsfih}) f}î mknk `xbmdkbfsdk} h dbh}udjfeksh} ehi uhnf" Hb if} nh}f} eh ed}mx}dýb }h h}mxmlfcfb mknhbufsdk} }kcsh hi pkmk fpktk vxh csdbefcf hi jk. cdhsbk f ik} jsxpk} mshfeksh}) t eh vxh h}ufcfb mfb}fek} eh vxh ik} }kmdýikjk} t fbuskpýikjk} }h ehedmfsfb f h}uxedfsik} mknk ’cdmlk} sfsk}„" F}î pxh}) nhbmdkbfskb vxh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} ehchsîfb }hs xb ’pxhbuh„ hbush ik} mshfeksh} t ik} p÷cidmk}) t vxh hsf bhmh}fsdf if mshfmdýb eh h}pfmdk} eh h|psh}dýb ekbeh }h pxedhsfb ’lfmhs mkbmdhsuk}) hedufs shd}uf} t ed}mk}„ f stb eh ’}hs h}mxmlfek}„" Xbk} jsxpk} eh`hök} hbdfskb pks mksshk hihmusýbdmk xb h}msduk uduxifek Shffih|dkbh h|dkbh}} hb uksbk f i DD @ksk Bfmdkbfi eh Mxi. uxsf _kpxifs _kpxifs Xscfbf ) hb hi vxh nfbd`h}ufskb }x dbmkb`ksndefe pks if `ksnf hb vxh }h eh}fsskiiý hi hbmxhbusk) tf vxh sh}pkbeîf f xb `ksnfuk db}uduxmdkbfi7
6?5
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
†ehchnk} shmkbkmhs vxh hi `ksnfuk h} eh}jf}ufbuh h dbhstmdhbuh ,Efde eh Fbef) ed|du$ hb }x kphsfmdýb t mkb`x}k hb }x mkbmhpuxfidwfmdýb ,@sfbmd}mk Pfiih) ed|du$) tf vxh) pks hghnpik) if pskjsfnfmdýb eh if} mkb`hshbmdf} nfjd}usfih} }h sh`hsîf næ} f if phs}phmudf gxhbdi h dehbudufsdf nfbhgfef pks hi Db}uduxuk Nh|dmfbk eh if Gxhbuxe vxh f if} phs}phmudf} eh ik} mshfeksh} h dbuhihmuxfih} eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf"
Hbush kusk} pxbuk}) pskpkbhb7 }knhuhs f ehcfuh hi `ksnfuk ehi psý|dnk `ksk1 mshfs xbf eh stbdmdýb eh mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf) pksvxh }hj÷b hiik}) if} fmuddefeh} shfidwfef} pks if} db}uduxmdkbh} jxchsbfnhbufih} ,hb h}phmdfi if Edshmmdýb Jhbhsfi eh Mxiuxsf} _kpxifsh} h Dbeîjhbf}$ }h ehedmfcfb næ} f if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} dbeîjhbf}) nfsjdbfbek if} xscfbf}1 t if mkb`ksnf. mdýb eh xbf pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi vxh }hf sh}xiufek eh ’if mkbgxbmdýb eh h}`xhswk} hbush db}uduxmdýb t mshfeksh}) mkihmudk} t ksjfbdwfmdkbh} eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf„" Ik vxh iifnf if fuhbmdýb eh h}uf} ehnfbef} h} vxh bxhfnhbuh }h sh ffih. gfb if} mkbusfedmmdkbh} vxh mkb}uduxthb if mxiuxsf pkpxifs xscfbf1 fnk} f h|pidmfsik" Mxfbek lfcifb eh vxh ’h}uæb mfb}fek} eh vxh ik} h}uxedhb }kmdýikjk} t fbuskpýikjk}„) f}î mknk eh ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih}) }hjxsfnhbuh ufncdäb }h lfb eh mfb}fs eh hiik} nd}nk}" If} h|psh}dkbh} fsuî}udmf} pkpxifsh} bk shvxdh. shb ,k bk }h ef hi mf}k$ xb ’shpsh}hbufbuh fsuî}udmk„ fghbk fi jsxpk) ik} pskpdk} mshfeksh} if} psknkmdkbfb) pks ik vxh ufncdäb }kb jh}uksh}) k }hf) fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} vxh sh}pkbehb f xbf pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi" Fehnæ}) h} mxsdk}k mkb}uf. ufs vxh vxdhb næ} db}d}uîf hb }x mfb}fbmdk eh ik} dbh}udjfeksh} }kmdfih} h} xb }kmdýikjk t nfh}usk eh Ld}uksdf t vxh }x uh}d} eh nfh}usîf hb h}uxedk} xscfbk} h}uæ shifmdkbfef mkb dehbudefeh} gxhbdih} t nkdndhbuk} xscfbk}" _ks kusk ifek) msdudmfb fi `ksk ed}mxudhbek if }hnhgfbwf mkb hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf gxhbdi xudidwfek pks hi Db}uduxuk Nh|dmfbk eh if Gxhbuxe) phsk sh}xiuf mkbusfedmuksdk vxh shd}fnk} if shd}uf Gýhbh} eh h}f db}uduxmdýb t mkb}ufuf. nk} vxh hiik} nd}nk} pfsudmdpfb eh nfbhsf fmudf mkb fsuîmxik} t hb}ftk}" Mxfbek pskpkbhb if mshfmdýb eh h}pfmdk} pfsf if h|psh}dýb) }h vxhefb mksuk} fi shexmds f ik} ’mkbmdhsuk}) shd}uf} t ed}mk}„ mknk nhedk} h stmfmh} eh psknkmdýb" »T vxä næ}; »Hi stb h} }kifnhbuh }hs h}mxmlfek}; K }hf) »ik} jh}.
6?8
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
uksh} mxiuxsfih} t ik} fsud}uf} }ýik cx}mfb mshfs k`hsuf} eh hbushuhbdndhbuk; Ufi hw lfcsæ vxh phb}fs hb h}usfuhjdf} eh fmmdýb næ} mknpihuf}) næ} shekbef} t bk ufb mlfuf}" »Mxæi h} hi kcghudk eh h}uk} mkbmdhsuk}; »]ýik h|psh}fs}h; If h|psh}dýb dnpidmf mknxbdmfmdýb1 }db hncfsjk) mkb if} fmmdkbh} eh}fsskiifef} ,k pskpxh}uf}) }hj÷b hi mf}k$ }ýik lft xb hnd}ks vxh hbîf fi shmhpuks) }db kpmdýb eh xbf shuskfidnhbufmdýb" Fehnæ}) »vxä h|psh}fb; »Mxæi h} hi kcghudk eh ufi h|psh}dýb; »If} fmmdkbh} eh}fsskiifef} ikjsfb ufih} kcghudk}; F}î pxh}) fbuh h}uh hbmxhbusk hbush if} h|psh}dkbh} fsuî}udmf} fmfeändmf} ,HFF$ t if} h|psh}dkbh} fsuî}udmf} pkpxifsh} ,HF_$ lft xb mxh}udkbfndhbuk" ]d if} HFF t t if} mknhsmdfih} efb äb`f}d} fi mkb}xnk h}uäudmk t if} HF_ t mkbusfmxiuxsf. ih} sh}pkbehb bk }ýik fi mkb}xnk h}uäudmk) }dbk ufncdäb f if msîudmf t sh ffih|dýb }kmdfi) »cf}uf) hbukbmh}) mkb uhbhs xbf h}usfuhjdf eh mknxbdmfmdýb xbdedshmmdk. bfi; »Bk ehchsîfb ik} jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} pskpkbhs kusf} h}usfuhjdf} eh fmmdýb pfsf if psknkmdýb eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs) t hb pfsudmxifs eh if} HF_) næ} fiiæ eh if} h}usfuhjdf} xudidwfef} hb if} HFF t mknhsmdfih}; Tk nh mkb}dehsk xb jh}uks mxiuxsfi) pks nd} fbuhmhehbuh} ifcksfih} t fmf. eändmk}" Mshk vxh }kb nxmlk} ik} jh}uksh} ,mknk ik} vxh hbmxhbusk hb h}uh `ksk$ vxh msdudmfb if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} fmuxfih} edmdhbek vxh ’ih} efb nftks äb`f}d} f if} ’chiif} fsuh}„ vxh f if ’mxiuxsf pkpxifs„1 }db hncfsjk) }x} pskpxh}. uf} pfsf if psknkmdýb eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs }djxhb hi nd}nk h}vxhnf eh if} ’chiif} fsuh}„ t eh if nhsmfbudidwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf xudidwfek pks ik} nhedk} eh mknxbdmfmdýb) mxfbek hb shfidefe ehchsîfb uhbhs xb iýjdmf ed}udbuf) mkb}deh. sfbek }x} mkbusfedmmdkbh}) edbændmf} t ed`hshbmdfmdkbh}" »Mýnk }hsîf h}f h}usfuhjdf eh psknkmdýb; Cxhbk) eh hbusfef mkbuhnpif. sîf if shfidwfmdýb eh fsdf} fmuddefeh} mkb xb nd}nk stb1 f}î) bk cf}ufsîf mkb lfmhs xb mkbmdhsuk eh skma) pks hghnpik) }dbk ufncdäb) eh nfbhsf pfsfihif) }h dbmixdsîfb h|pk}dmdkbh}) pskthmmdýb eh dehk} t ufiihsh} k nh}f} eh ed}mx}dýb }kcsh hi uhnf) pfsf `fmdidufs hi dbuhsmfncdk hbush if cfbef eh skma) ik} mshfeksh} piæ}udmk}) ik} mkb}xndeksh} ehi skma t t ehnæ} phs}kbf} vxh eh}hfb dbdmdfs}h k }dnpihnhbuh mkbkmhs fmhsmf ehi nkdndhbuk) ik mxfi dnpidmf mxnpids hi kcghudk f usfä} eh ed`hshbuh} nhedk}) `ksnf} t x}fbek ukek} ik} }hbudek} ,hi kîek) if d}uf) hi ufmuk) hum"$" F÷b vxhef nxmlk pks lfmhs hb hi mfnpk eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi) }kcsh ukek hb ik vxh }h shsthsh f bxhf} nhukekikjîf} vxh mkb}dehshb f ik} p÷cidmk} t }x}
6?0
»If psknkmdýb eh if} mkbusfedmmdkbh}; Shffih|dkbh} }kcsh if psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} xscfbf}
bhmh}defeh} t bk }ýik }h mhbushb hb ik} mshfeksh} t+k hb if} db}uduxmdkbh} x ksjfbdwfmdkbh}" Bk kc}ufbuh) hi shuk h} ikjsfs if mkkphsfmdýb eh ik} ed`hshbuh} fjhbuh} mxiuxsfih} hb hi ed}hök t kphsfmdýb eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} dbuhjsfih} vxh phsndufb xbf pfsudmdpfmdýb ehnkmsæudmf phsk) }kcsh ukek) sh ffih|df) msîudmf t pskpk}dudf"
6?:
Sh`hshbmdf} cdcidkjsæ`dmf}
Fbehs Hjj) Hwhvxdhi ,64<:$) »Vxä h} if fbdnfmdýb f bdnfmdýb }kmdkmxiuxsfi; }kmdkmxiuxsfi;) Cxhbk} Fdsh}7 Lnfbduf}" Fbehs}kb) Chbhedmu ,3???$) Mknxbdefeh} dnfjdbfef}) Nä|dmk7 @MH" Mf}uhii) Nfbxhi ,6444$) If hsf eh if db`ksnfmdýb7 Hi pkehs eh if dehbudefe ) kixnhb DD) Nä|dmk7 ]djik \\D" MKBFMXIUF ,3??=$) ]hjxbef Nh}f eh if Mxiuxsf _kpxifs Nhuskpkidufbf) udfb. jxd} dudbhsfbuh ehi usxhvxh eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs nhuskpkidufbf) `kiihuk b÷n" 3) Nä|dmk7 Nx}hk Bfmdkbfi eh Mxiuxsf} _kpxifsh}" @iksh} Kihf) Pîmuks ,6445$) Sk}usk} hb nkdndhbuk) Nä|dmk7 Mfi t Fshbf" Nxiudmxiuxsfid}nk iuxsfid}nk t pixsfid}nk) Nä|dmk7 _fdeý} t XBFN" Kidh) Ihýb ,6444$) Nxiudmx Jfsmîf Mfbmidbd) Bä}uks ,64<0$) _kiîud _kiîudmf} mf} mxiuxsfih} mxiuxsf ih} hb hb Fnäsdmf Ifudbf) Ifudbf ) Nä|dmk7 Jsdgfick" [[[[ ,64<4f$) ]kmdhe ]kmdhefe fe mddi h db}uduxmdkbh} db}uduxmdkbh} ehnkmsæudmf}) ehnkmsæudmf }) Nfesde7 _kpxifs" [[[[ ,644?$) Mxiuxsf} lîcsdef}) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF t Jsdgfick" [[[[ ,644=$) Hi mkb}xnk mxiuxsfi hb Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF" jikcfidwfmdýb fmdýb dnfjdbfef) Cfsmhikbf7 _fdeý}" [[[[ ,3???$) If jikcfidw Jftuæb ]fbudfjk) _fcik ,3???$) ’]kncsf} msknæudmf} hb hi fsmldpdäifjk xscf. bk„) hb Gýhbh}) b÷n" 66) äpkmf bxhf) Nä|dmk7 Db}uduxuk Nh|dmfbk eh if Gxhbuxe" Jkbwæihw) Gksjh ,6445$) Næ} ,!$ mxiuxsf ,}$) hb}ftk} }kcsh shfidefeh} pixsfih}) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF"
6?<
Gdnäbhw Iýphw) Ixmdbf) ’Ed}hök eh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}„) Edpiknfek hb Jh}udýb eh _skthmuk} Mxiuxsfih}) gxidk eh 6444) Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf" Iýphw Udsfek) Fbulfs ,64<:$) ’_ifbhfmdýb mxiuxsfi„) usfcfgk dbäeduk) Nä|dmk" Nkbudhi) Bksnf hu fi" ,3??=$) Nh}f} usfb}jhbhsfmdkbfih} usfb}j hbhsfmdkbfih} eh if mxiuxsf pkpxifs nhuskpkidufbf) b÷n" 6) Nä|dmk7 Nx}hk Bfmdkbfi eh Mxiuxsf} _kpxifsh}" Nkb}dæd}) Mfsik} ,3??3$) ’If mxiuxsf xscfbf7 bkuf} }kcsh }x eh}fsskiik nh|dmf. bk„) hb7 Jxdiihsnk Ckbsti ,mknp"$) Mxiuxsf} pkpxifsh} t pkiîudmf mxiuxsfi) Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF " Sdhsf Xssfmf) Ikshbf ,3???$) ’Mkb}usxds xb uhssduksdk eh}eh t pfsf if mxiux. sf„) hb Gýhbh}) b÷n" 66) äpkmf bxhf) Nä|dmk7 Db}uduxuk Nh|dmfbk eh if Gxhbuxe" Sk}fih} Ftfif) Lämuks ,6445$) Mxiuxsf) }kmdhefe mddi t pskthmuk} mxiuxsfih} hb Nä|dmk" Nä|dmk7 MKBFMXIUF t XBFN" Sxdw Exhöf}) Gksjh ,3???$) Mxiuxsf) »pfsf vxä;) Nä|dmk7 Kmäfbk" Xbh}mk) _ifbdstmfmdýb }kcsh pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih} fi }hsdmdk ehi eh}fsskiik) Mkb`hshbmdf Dbuhsjxchsbfnhbufi }kcsh _kiîudmf} Mxiuxsfih} fi ]hsdmdk ehi Eh}fsskiik) 3 eh fcsdi eh 644<) MUI.4<+MKB@"36?+5 sh" 3) H}ukmkink) ]xh. mdf7 Xbh}mk" Pæwvxhw Eîfw) Nfsjfsduf ,3??=$) Jsf stuhsk} eh Nkshidf) Nkshidf7 MKBFMXIUF" Pdiiksk) Ixd} ,6444$) H}ufek pixsfi) pixsfidefe eh mxiuxsf}) Nä|dmk7 _fdeý} t XBFN"
6?4
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk Ý}mfs Nd}fhi Lhsbæbehw
Dbuskexmmdýb Hb xb fsuîmxik }kcsh hi _skjsfnf eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Shmkpdifmdýb eh Usfedmdk. bh} Ksfih} _kpxifsh} ehi Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk ,hb fehifbuh) MKBF@H$) H}phsfbwf _hbfjk} Chinfb t Skeki`k Mkskbfek Sfnîshw }höfifb vxh eh}eh }x mshfmdýb h}uh ksjfbd}nk lf uhbdek ek} kcghudk} psdnksedfih}7 pks xb ifek) dnpfsuds pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} eh pshh}mkifs t psdnfsdf hb mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} ehi pfî}1 pks kusk) h}udnxifs if} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} mxiuxsfih} vxh fpkthb ik} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} ,64437 8?$" Ik} fxuksh} fjshjfb vxh fnck} kcghudk} lfb }dek fimfbwfek} pks h}uh ksjfbd}nk bfmdkbfi) fusdcxthbek hi ikjsk ’f if dbh}udjfmdýb) eh}fsskiik t hf. ixfmdýb eh bxhk} mkbuhbdek}) näukek} t pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} fmkseh} f if} bhmh}defeh} }kmdkmxiuxsfih} eh if} mknxbdefeh} vxh hi MKBF@H fudhbeh„ ,dehn$" Hb jsfb nhedef) ik} pskjsfnf} t }hsdmdk} vxh csdbef h}uh ksjfbd}nk bk }kb eh}mkbkmdek}) pxh} }kb dbbxnhsfcih} ik} gýhbh} vxh lfb `xbjdek mknk db}. usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} dnpfsudhbek mif}h} eh pshh}mkifs k psdnfsdf) f}î mknk if} mknxbdefeh} chbh stmdfef}" ]db hncfsjk) »mýnk }h usf}ifpfb if mxiuxsf t if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf;) »vxä }djbdstmf if mxiuxsf t mýnk }h fsudmxif mkb if} mkbmhpuxfidwfmdkbh} eh ed. `hshbuh} pskthmuk} t pskjsfnf} hexmfudk}; Hb h}uh fsuîmxik fcksefsä h}uf}
6?:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
pshjxbuf} f if ixw eh if h|phsdhbmdf ehi MKBF@H) xb ksjfbd}nk mshfek hb Nä|d. mk pks ehmshuk psh}dehbmdfi hi 4 eh }hpudhncsh eh 64:6 t vxh) eh}eh hbukbmh}) lf dnpxi}fek if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) f if hw vxh }h lf pskpxh}uk sh}mfufs t psknkhs if mxiuxsf" H}phmî stmfnhbuh) fbfidwk mkbmhpuxfidwfmdkbh}) pskjsfnf} t nfuhsdfih} pskexmdek} hb hi æncduk bfmdkbfi t pfsudmxifsnhbuh hb hi h}ufek eh Ufnfxidpf}" _fsf hifcksfs hi fsuîmxik shmxssî f ed`hshbuh} `xhbuh}) psdbmdpfinhbuh f if db`ksnfmdýb mkbuhbdef hb if pæjdbf hihmusýbdmf ehi MKBF@H) fijxbk} nfuhsdf. ih} cdcidkjsæstmk} pxcidmfek} pks h}uh ksjfbd}nk) ekmxnhbuk} dbäeduk} eh if Ehihjfmdýb MKBF@H eh Ufnfxidpf} }kcsh ik} fbuhmhehbuh} ld}uýsdmk} eh h}uh ksjfbd}nk) h}ufeî}udmf} t uh}udnkbdk} eh h| db}usxmuksh}+f} mknxbdufsdk}+f}" F}dnd}nk) hmlä nfbk eh usfcfgk} }kcsh mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb pfsf efs xb }kpksuh uhýsdmk f ik} uhnf} fcksefek}"
HBMSXMDGFEF]7 MXIUXSF MXIUXSF T T HEXMFMDÝB HEXMFMDÝB MKNXBDUFSDF Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf }kb ek} mkbmhpuk} vxh hb }î nd}nk} udhbhb ed`hshbuh} }djbd stmfek} t fsîf }x hnpihk nhukekiýjdmk" Hb h}uh fpfsufek ik} fcksek eh `ksnf jhbhsfi pksvxh mkb}dehsk vxh }kb mkbmhpuk} }kcsh ik} vxh }h cf}fb if} pkiîudmf} t pskjsfnf} ehi MKBF@H hb Nä|dmk) fi nd}nk udhnpk vxh }h ih} fusdcxthb ehuhsndbfek} }djbd stmfek} t x}k} kphsfudk}" Fvxî h|piksk h}k} mkbmhpuk} f if ixw eh if Fbuskpkikjîf t if ]kmdkikjîf) mkbusf}uæbekik} mkbusf}uæbekik} mkb if} ehstbdmdkbh} t fpskpdfmdkbh} ehi ksjfbd}nk hb mxh}udýb" F psdbmdpdk} eh ik} kmlhbuf) hi fbuskpýikjk Sftnkbe Zdiidfn} pifbuhý vxh if mxiuxsf hsf ’xbf eh if} ek} k ush} pfifcsf} næ} mknpidmfef} eh if ihb. jxf dbjih}f„) ehcdek f vxh ’}h lf xudidwfek pfsf dnpksufbuh} mkbmhpuk} hb ed}udbuf} ed}mdpidbf} ed}mdpidbf} dbuhihmuxfih} t hb ed}udbuk} }d}uhnf} eh phb}fndhbuk db. mknpfudcih} hbush }î„ ,64<=7 <:$" Dbmix}k) }höfiý vxh hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf hnphwý f hvxdpfsfs}h mkb hi eh mddidwfmdýb f psdbmdpdk} ehi }djik \D\ t f xudid. wfs}h pfsf eh}msdcds xb pskmh}k eh eh}fsskiik lxnfbk" _ks ufi sfwýb) mknk lf }höfifek kusf fbuskpýikjf) pfsf nxmlk} hi mkb. mhpuk eh mxiuxsf hssýbhfnhbuh hnphwý f shifmdkbfs}h ’mkb ik} pskexmuk} eh
6?<
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
if fmuddefe dbuhihmuxfi t fsuî}udmf„ ,Mshlfb) 3??37 84$) mknk if n÷}dmf) if iduhsf. uxsf) if pdbuxsf) hi uhfusk) hum" Mkb cf}h hb h}uf phs}phmudf) if mxiuxsf }djbd stmý hi sh}mfuh) if psknkmdýb t hi mxiudk eh h}uh udpk eh fmuddefeh}) nxmlf} eh if} hmh} mkbmhcdef} mknk mk}uxncsh} k usfedmdkbh} hbnfsmfef} hb xbf }xpxh}uf mxiuxsf shjdkbfi" Hbukbmh}) »vxä h} if mxiuxsf k mýnk pkehnk} eh stbdsif; If }kmdýik. jf Pfbdf ]fiih} shuknf if eh stbdmdýb eh _huhs Chsjhs t Ulknf} Ixmanfb) pfsf vxdhbh} mxiuxsf h} ’if ukufidefe eh ik} pskexmuk} ehi lkncsh„" ]fiih} fjshjf vxh) hbukbmh}) if mxiuxsf h}uæ ’mknpxh}uf k dbuhjsfef pks mshfmdkbh} nfuhsdfih} t bk nfuhsdfih} vxh nfbd sth}ufb) pks xb ifek) ik} }djbd stmfek} }xcghudk} t if dbuhbmdkbfidefe eh ik} fmuksh} }kmdfih}) t pks hi kusk) shhifb if} pfxuf} eh mknpksufndhbuk lxnfbk t kusk} udpk} eh h|uhsbfidefeh}„ ,]f. iih}) 3??37 5=0$" Pd}uk f}î) hi mkbmhpuk mxiuxsf bk }djbd stmf xb mkbgxbuk eh dehf} k phb}fndhb. uk} t fmmdkbh}) bd ufnpkmk fmuddefeh} dbuhihmuxfih} k fsuî}udmf} eh}fsskiifef} t psknkdef}" Næ} cdhb) h} bhmh}fsdk mkbmhcds if mxiuxsf mknk mkb}usxmmdkbh} }dncýidmf} t psæmudmf} eh lkncsh} t nxghsh}) mknk ukek} fvxhiik} pskexmuk} dehfih} t nfuhsdfih} mshfek} pks if} phs}kbf}" ]db hncfsjk) h}uf phs}phmudf }k. ifnhbuh mkbmdch if mxiuxsf mknk pskexmuk}) nf} bk mknk pskexmmdýb" F ehmds ehi fbuskpýikjk Zdiidfn Sk}hchsst) h} bhmh}fsdk h|piksfs ik} pskmh}k} ld}uýsd. mk} eh pskexmmdýb eh if mxiuxsf ,64<4$" Mkb h}uk} pskihjýnhbk} uhýsdmk} }kcsh if mxiuxsf) flksf pkehnk} fcksefs ik} }djbdstmfek} eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf t }x usf}ifph mkb if mxiuxsf hb }î) t fi nd}nk udhnpk) h|piksfs mýnk if} mkbmhpmdkbh} }kcsh mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf mkb if} vxh kphsf hi MKBF@H }h hbushifwfb k edsthshb hbush }î" Hb xb usfcfgk }kcsh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf dnpfsudef pks h}uh ksjfbd}nk hb Nä|d. mk) Nfsîf Hihbf Jxhssf t ]æbmlhw t Bfufidh KµEkbhii Sdhsf ,3???$ }höfifb vxh if phs}phmudf eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf lf hkixmdkbfek" Hb`fudwfb vxh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf pf}ý eh ’xbf phs}phmudf vxh hb. `fudwfcf hi eh}fsskiik eh if mknxbdefe) hb if mxfi hi db}usxmuks mkncdbfcf if} ufshf} h}mkifsh} mkb fmuddefeh} hbmfndbfef} f hihfs hi bdhi eh def hb if} phvxhöf} sfbmlhsîf} ,jh}uksîf) uämbdmf eh mxiudk) hbush kusf}$„) f xbf hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) mxtk hb`kvxh }h mhbusý ’hb hi shmkbkmdndhbuk eh if} psæmudmf} t
6?4
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
}fchsh} eh ik} lfcdufbuh}) mknk pxbuk eh pfsudef pfsf ukef} if} pskpxh}uf} eh hb}höfbwf t) hb mkb}hmxhbmdf) eh sh ffih|dýb t mkb`skbufmdýb mkb kusf} `ksnf} eh phb}fs t lfmhs„ ,3???7 =<$" ]d pks mxiuxsf mkbmhcdnk} ’if ukufidefe eh ik} pskexmuk} ehi lkncsh„ ,t eh if} nxghsh}$) f}î mknk xb pskmh}k ld}uýsdmk eh pskexmmdýb }dncýidmf t nfuhsdfi) hbukbmh} if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk lf }dek pfsuh eh ik vxh pkesîfnk} ehbkndbfs xbf shkixmdýb mxiuxsfi dnpxi}fef eh}eh hi H}ufek t fekpufef pks if }kmdhefe" _ks hghnpik) eh}pxä} eh if Shkixmdýb Nh|dmfbf }h mshfskb if H}mxhif Sxsfi) if} Nd}dkbh} Mxiuxsfih}) if} Csdjfef} pfsf hi Eh}fsskiik Sxsfi t ehnæ} vxh }h pskpx}dhskb iihfs if hexmfmdýb cæ}dmf f mknxbdefeh} nfsjdbfef} ehi pfî}" ]db hncfsjk) h}uf shkixmdýb mxiuxsfi dbdmdfef hb Nä|dmk eh}pxä} eh 6436 t cf}fef hb if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) fxb mkb hi pfphi eh ik} nfh}usk} t nfh}usf} mknk psknkuksh} eh if hexmfmdýb) if }fixe) if h stmdhbmdf hb ik} lkjfsh} mfnph. }dbk} nhedfbuh if bxusdmdýb) if ldjdhbh t if nhedmdbf) `xh xb pskmh}k hb hi mxfi ufncdäb }h nfudwfskb shifmdkbh} eh jäbhsk eh}djxfih} hb ik} æncduk} `fndidfs t mknxbdufsdk) f if hw vxh }h dnpxi}ý ’if mshfmdýb eh xbf `xhswf ifcksfi mknph. uhbuh pfsf hi eh}fsskiik mfpdufid}uf t hi mkb}xnk f usfä} ehi nhsmfek nkehsbk„ ,Pfxjlfb) 3??=7 ::$" Hb h}uh }hbudek) if psdnhsf phs}phmudf eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf fpskpdf. ef pks hi MKBF@H shpidmý xb nkehik hexmfudk dnpxi}fek pks hi H}ufek eh}pxä} ehi nkdndhbuk fsnfek" Hi pfphi eh ik} psdnhsk} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} `xh hi nd}nk vxh eh}hnphöfskb ik} fbufök nfh}usk} sxsfih} hb hi pfî}1 mkbmhcîfb vxh }x usfcfgk bk }h idndufcf f if hb}höfbwf hexmfudf) }dbk ufncdäb fi eh jh}. uksh} ehi eh}fsskiik mknxbdufsdk" H}uk }h ehcdý) hb pfsuh) fi shmkbkmdndhbuk eh if nfsjdbfmdýb hb if} mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} nh|dmfbf}" _ks kusk ifek) ufncdäb }h ehcdý f xbf mkbmhpmdýb ksukek|f eh if mxiuxsf hvxdpfsfef mkb if mddidwfmdýb ,Zdiidfn}) 64<=$" Hb xb pfî} mknk Nä|dmk) mkb dbbxnhsfcih} mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} t xscfbf} nfsjdbfef}) xbf fiuhsbfudf pfsf ikjsfs h}ufs f if pfs eh ik} pfî}h} kmmdehbufih} ’næ} mddidwfek}„ hsf if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) hbuhbedef hb mdhsuf `ksnf mknk hi h}uînxik dbuhihmuxfi pks nhedk eh xb pskmh}k eh hb}höfbwf.fpshbedwfgh" If }hjxbef phs}phmudf eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) if mxfi shukný if} psæmudmf} t }fchsh} eh lkncsh} t nxghsh} eh if} mknxbdefeh} pfsf hifcksfs xbf
66?
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
phefjkjîf eh if hb}höfbwf) eh sh ffih|dýb t mkb`skbufmdýb mkb if edhs}defe) bk }kifnhbuh }h fpfsuý eh xbf hs}dýb föhgf eh if mxiuxsf t if hexmfmdýb) }dbk f}d. nd}nk h}udnxiý bxhf} `ksnf} eh hb}höfbwf.fpshbedwfgh vxh ik} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} dnpihnhbufskb eh}eh hi nknhbuk hb vxh pf}fskb f }hs mkbmhcd. ek} mknk fmuksh} hexmfudk} t mxiuxsfih}" H}uf ÷iudnf phs}phmudf eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) vxh h} eh if vxh }h lf fpskpdfek hi MKBF@H) mkb}uduxth xb pskmh}k eh hb}höfbwf.fpshbedwfgh cf}fek hb if shuskfidnhbufmdýb mknxbdufsdf t ekbeh hi db}usxmuks mknxbdufsdk bk h} hi fmuks psdbmdpfi ehi pskmh}k) }dbk ufncdäb ik} fixnbk}) ik} pfesh} t nfesh} eh `fndidf t fxuksdefeh} mknxbdufsdf} t nxbdmdpfih}" Sh}phmuk f if mkbmhpmdýb ehi pskmh}k hexmfudk t hi pskpý}duk eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf dnpihnhbufef pks hi MKBF@H) Jxhssf t ]æbmlhw t KµEkbhii Sdhsf ,3???7 =4$ pifbuhfb vxh7 Hb mkb}hmxhbmdf) mkbmhcdnk} hi pskmh}k hexmfudk mknk hi mkbgxbuk eh h}usfuhjdf}) uämbdmf}) nkek} eh dbuhsfmmdýb t h}udik} eh hb}höfbwf vxh pskpdmdf h|phsdhbmdf} eh fpshbedwfgh }djbdstmfudf}) fi uknfs mknk pxbuk eh pfsudef ik vxh }kb t }fchb lfmhs ,hb uäsndbk} eh }x mxiuxsf) mkbkmdndhbuk} t h|phsdhbmdf}$ ufbuk hi ekmhbuh mknk hi fixnbk" If hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb`fudwf if shffih|dýb }kcsh if sdvxhwf vxh k`shmh if edhs}defe) psknkdhbek dbuhbmdkbfinhbuh xb edæikjk dbuhihmuxfi phsnfbhbuh vxh phsnduf fmhpufs ik ed`hshbuh t mkb}usxds bxhf} fmuduxeh}) fiksh} t mkbkmd. ndhbuk}) f}î mknk shednhb}dkbfs t `ksufihmhs if dehbudefe phs}kbfi t mkihmudf"
Mifsfnhbuh) hi pskmh}k hexmfudk mkbmhcdek pks hi MKBF@H dbmkspksf xbf jfnf eh hihnhbuk} ,h}usfuhjdf}) uämbdmf}) nkek} eh dbuhsfmmdýb t h}udik} eh hb. }höfbwf$ pfsf ikjsfs hi fpshbedwfgh" F÷b næ}) pkbh äb`f}d} hb ik} ekmhbuh} t ik} fixnbk} eh}ufmfbek ik vxh hiik} }kb t }fchb lfmhs }hj÷b }x mxiuxsf) }x} mkbkmdndhbuk} t h|phsdhbmdf}" H}uk bk} iihf f pshjxbufsbk} ik }djxdhbuh7 »ik vxh }knk} t }fchnk} lfmhs h} pfsuh eh bxh}usf mxiuxsf k) fi nhbk}) if mxiuxsf ik ehuhsndbf; Hb pfsuh) h}uf} pshjxbuf} udhbhb sh}pxh}uf hb hi äb`f}d} eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf vxh) f ehmds eh Jxhssf t ]æbmlhw t KµEkbhii Sdhsf) h} pxh}uk hb hi `ksufihmdndhbuk eh if dehbudefe phs}kbfi t mkihmudf) fehnæ} eh if edhs}defe) ik} fiksh}) if} fmuduxeh} t ik} mkbkmdndhbuk}" H}uk} }höfifndhbuk} bk} kcidjfb
666
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
f phb}fs vxh if mxiuxsf h} shifmdkbfef) pks xb ifek) mkb if dehbudefe) t pks kusk) vxh h} }hpfsfef eh if edhs}defe ,eh dehf}) mk}uxncsh}) `ksnf} eh def) hum"$) ik} i k} fiksh}) if} fmuduxeh} t mkbkmdndhbuk} eh if} phs}kbf}" Xbf mkbmhpmdýb eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf mknk xb pskmh}k hexmfudk dbuhjsfi vxh hbjikcf f ed`hshbuh} fmuksh}) `ksnf} eh hb}höfbwf t hb`fudwf if sh. ffih|dýb }kcsh if edhs}defe t hi edæikjk dbuhihmuxfi) bk ehch mkbmhcds if mxiuxsf }kifnhbuh mknk xb pskmh}k eh `ksnfmdýb eh dehbudefeh} t psæmudmf} t }hpfsfsif eh kusf} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} lxnfbf} ,ufbuk dehfih} mknk nfuhsdfih}$ vxh hb }î }kb pfsuh eh if mkb}usxmmdýb mxiuxsfi eh if shfidefe" H} ehmds) if mxiuxsf h} mkb}uduxdef }kmdfinhbuh ,h} pskexmuk eh fmuddefeh} pf}fef} t psh}hbuh}$) f if hw vxh }kmdfinhbuh mkb}uduxdef ,h} pfsuh ehi mkbuh|uk ld}uýsdmk ekbeh if} fmuddefeh} udhbhb ixjfs$ ,Sk}hchsst) 64<47 53$" Eh}eh h}uf ndsfef) mknk pskmh}k hexmfudk if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf h}uæ îbudnfnhbuh sh. ifmdkbfef mkb if mxiuxsf t bk }kifnhbuh shuknf fijxbk} f}phmuk} eh if mxiuxsf eh if} phs}kbf} k if} mknxbdefeh}" Ufi hw h}uh pskcihnf eh mkbmhpuxfidwfmdýb hbush hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf t mxiuxsf }h ehch hb }î f if bkmdýb nd}nf eh mk. nxbdefe" ]hj÷b if pæjdbf hihmusýbdmf ehi MKBF@H) hi mkbmhpuk eh mknxbdefe eh vxh }h fpskpdfb t vxh }x}uhbuf f if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf f næ} fiiæ eh if} eh. idndufmdkbh} uhssduksdfih} k mfsfmuhsî}udmf} bfuxsfih} ehi hbuksbk" Næ} cdhb) }x mkbmhpuk eh mknxbdefe ’lfmh shihfbuh if edbændmf mkudedfbf eh pskmh}k} mxi. uxsfih} vxh phsnduhb if mkb}usxmmdýb eh ik mknxbdufsdk hb h}uk} edhs}k} jsxpk} eh pkcifmdýb„) t mkb}dehsfb vxh ik} hihnhbuk} vxh efb `ksnfmdýb f xbf mknx. bdefe }kb7 †}x} dbuhsh}h}) mfshbmdf}) ikjsk} t pskcihnf} mknpfsudek}1 ik} nkek} eh mkbmh. cds t jhbhsfs }x} pskpdk} }djbdstmfek}1 if} `ksnf} eh }xc}d}uhbmdf) pskexmmdýb t sh. mshfmdýb1 if} mk}uxncsh} fidnhbufsdf}) eh ddhbef t }fixe) t if mk}nkd}dýb vxh jhbhsf hi mknpfsuds xbf dehbudefe idbjùî}udmf) hbush kusf}" H}uf she eh hihnhbuk} t shifmdkbh} mshf t shmshf mkbuhbdek} hexmfudk} vxh hdehbuhnhbuh }kb ed}udbuk} hb mfef mkbuh|uk jhkJsæstmf.mxiuxsfi fuhbedek t hb `xbmdýb eh ik} mxfih} }h ed}höf t kphsf xb ehuhsndbfek pskjsfnf k nkefidefe hexmfudf pfsf efs mxhbuf eh ik} msduhsdk} eh phsudbhbmdf) hvxdefe t mfidefe vxh ksdhbufb if} fmmdkbh} ehi Mkb}hgk" ,zzz"mkbf`h"ksj"n|) fpfsufek uduxifek7 ’Eýbeh t mkb vxdäb h}ufnk}„$"
663
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
H} ehmds) pfsf hi MKBF@H if mknxbdefe bk h}uæ `ksnfef pks hihnhbuk} uh. ssduksdfih} k bfuxsfih}) }dbk pks pskmh}k} mxiuxsfih} ,dbuhsh}h}) mfshbmdf}) ikjsk}) }djbdstmfek}) `ksnf} eh def) mk}uxncsh} t mk}nkd}dýb$" _hsk }kcsh ukek) h}uk} pskmh}k} mxiuxsfih} fsîfb eh xbf shjdýb f kusf) `ksgfb mkbuhbdek} hexmfudk} t }dshb eh cf}h pfsf ed}höfs ehuhsndbfek} pskjsfnf} eh hexmfmdýb mknxbduf. sdf" Mifsfnhbuh) h}uf mkbmhpmdýb eh mknxbdefe shnduh f if edhs}defe shjdkbfi hb Nä|dmk) f if pixsdhubdmdefe t f if bhmh}defe eh fefpufs if hexmfmdýb mknxbd. ufsdf }hj÷b hi mkbuh|uk" Fxb mxfbek h} fmhsufef xbf pkiîudmf eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf vxh mkbuhn. pih if edhs}defe shjdkbfi t äubdmf hb hi pfî}) f}î mknk pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} fe lkm f if} `ksnf} eh def t mk}nkd}dkbh} eh ik} pxhcik}) h} bhmh}fsdk mkb}dehsfs vxh if mxiuxsf h}uæ fbmifef hb pskmh}k} ld}uýsdmk}) pkiîudmk} t }kmdkhmkbýndmk} eh if} mknxbdefeh}) ufbuk f bdhi shjdkbfi) bfmdkbfi h dbuhsbfmdkbfi" Eh}eh h}uf phs}phmudf) bk lft vxh idndufs ’ik ’i k mxiuxsfi„ t }x} ehsdfek} f if} mkb}usxmmdkbh} ikmfih}) t eh djxfi nfbhsf bk lft vxh mkbmhcds vxh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf shuknh }ýik pfsuh eh if mxiuxsf" _SKTHMUK] EHI MKBF@H MXIUXSF7 _SKJSFNF] T T _SKTHMUK]
Mshfek hb hi fök eh 64:6 mknk xb ksjfbd}nk eh}mhbusfidwfek) mkb pfusdnkbdk pskpdk t phs}kbfidefe gxsîedmf) hi MKBF@H hnphwý f `xbmdkbfs hb Nä|dmk fuhb. edhbek psdbmdpfinhbuh mknxbdefeh} sxsfih}" Edhw fök} eh}pxä}) pks ehmshuk ehi jkcdhsbk `hehsfi) hi MKBF@H }h mkbdsudý hb xb }xc}d}uhnf ehi }d}uhnf hex. mfudk bfmdkbfi" Hbush if} psdbmdpfih} `xbmdkbh} eh h}uh ksjfbd}nk hexmfudk }h hbmxhbusfb if} }djxdhbuh}7 6$ Dbh}udjfs) eh}fsskiifs) dnpifbufs) kphsfs t hfixfs bxhk} nkehik} hexmfudk} vxh mkbusdcxtfb f h|pfbeds k nhgksfs if hexmfmdýb t hi bdhi mxiuxsfi ehi pfî}) eh fmxhsek mkb ik} idbhfndhbuk} vxh fi h`hmuk ehuhsndbh if ]hmshufsîf eh Hexmfmdýb _÷cidmf" 3$ @k. nhbufs if mkssh}pkb}fcdidefe t }kidefsdefe }kmdfi eh ik} }hmuksh} ksjfbdwfek} ehi pfî} pfsf if fuhbmdýb t sh}kixmdýb eh ik} pskcihnf} hexmfudk} t mxiuxsfih}" =$ Mshfs t eh}f. sskiifs nhedk} eh pfsudmdpfmdýb }kmdfi eh}udbfek} f fnpidfs if} kpksuxbdefeh} eh hex. mfmdýb pfsf if pkcifmdýb ,zzz"mkbf`h"ksj"n|) fpfsufek uduxifek ’Vxä h} MKBF@H„$"
66=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Hb 64:= h}uh ksjfbd}nk shfidwý hb hi h}ufek eh Jxhsshsk xbf kphsfmdýb h|phsdnhbufi ehi _skjsfnf Mxs}k} Mknxbdufsdk}) fuhbedäbek}h 6?? mhbusk}) vxh hb ukufi uhbîfb 5?? fixnbk}) f ik} mxfih} }h ih} edhskb ik} psdnhsk} jsfek} eh hexmfmdýb psdnfsdf" Eh}eh }x} dbdmdk}) hi _skjsfnf Mxs}k} Mknxbdufsdk} }h fpktý hb hi }hsdmdk }kmdfi shfidwfek pks gýhbh} mkb h}mkifsdefe nîbdnf eh }h. mxbefsdf) fi djxfi vxh hb ik} pfesh} eh `fndidf) vxdhbh} ksjfbdwfcfb) lf}uf if `hmlf) if F}kmdfmdýb _sknkuksf eh Hexmfmdýb Mknxbdufsdf ,F_HM$ hb }x} mknx. bdefeh} ,Skmazhii t Nhsmfek) 644?$" Hb fehifbuh) hi MKBF@H ksjfbdwý ik} jsxpk} h}mkifsh} fuhbedek} hb xb }d}uh. nf nxiudbdhi ,ush} bdhih}) vxh fcfsmfb ik} }hd} jsfek} eh psdnfsdf mkbkmdek}$) eh ufi `ksnf vxh h}uh }d}uhnf }h pif}ný hb if vxh lf}uf if `hmlf h} xbf eh if} lhssfndhbuf} edeæmudmf} næ} dnpksufbuh} ehi _skjsfnf Mxs}k} Mknxbdufsdk}) f ehmds ehi psdnhs Nfbxfi ehi Db}usxmuks Mknxbdufsdk) hifcksfek hb 64:8 pks dbh}udjfeksh} ehi MDBPH]UFP t ehi D_B) vxdhbh} mfpfmdufskb f ik} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} mknxbdufsd k} mkb h}uh nfbxfi ,Jxhssf t ]æbmlhw t KµEkbhii Sdhsf) 3???7 3:$" Hi}dh Skmazhii t Sxul Nhsmfek f stsnfb vxh) hbush 64:8 t 644?) ’Mxs}k} Mknxbdufsdk} fuhbedý) hb psknhedk) kmlk ndi mknxbdefeh} mfef fök) t ndih} eh bdök} shmdcdhskb }x mhsud stmfek eh psdnfsdf„ ,644?7 6<$" Hi pskjsfnf mkb}uduxtý xbf pkiîudmf hexmfudf vxh eh}eh ik} }huhbuf hnphwý f }xc}fbfs if} bhmh}defeh} eh hexmfmdýb h}mkifsdwfef) psdbmdpfinhbuh hb if} mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} ehi pfî} næ} fihgfef} t nfsjdbfef}" Eh}eh hbukbmh}) hi MKBF@H lf ed}höfek t kphsfek kusk} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk}) hbush ik} vxh }h hbmxhbusfb7 6"
3"
665
_skjsfnf eh Hexmfmdýb Dbdmdfi Mknxbdufsdf" Bxhf nkefidefe eh hexmfmdýb) edsdjdef f if} bdöf} t ik} bdök} shmdäb bfmdek} t lf}uf ik} ush} fök} eh hefe) f}î mknk f }x} pfesh} t nfesh}) t nxghsh} hncf. sfwfef}" Hi pskjsfnf cx}mf nhgksf} hb hi eh}fsskiik eh ik} db`fbuh}) mkb}dehsfbek ed`hshbuh} f}phmuk} p}dmknkuksh} t hnkmdkbfih}1 psk. nxhh if pfsudmdpfmdýb eh if `fndidf t if mknxbdefe hb h}uf nkefid. efe hexmfudf) t mfpfmduf f nxghsh} hncfsfwfef} hb uhnf} shifmdk. bfek} mkb hi eh}fsskiik eh if nfuhsbdefe" _skjsfnf eh _shh}mkifs Mknxbdufsdk) hi mxfi ’udhbh mknk pskpý}duk psknkhs hi mshmdndhbuk dbuhjsfi eh bdöf} t bdök} nhedfbuh hi eh}f. sskiik eh lfcdidefeh}) mkbkmdndhbuk}) fmuduxeh} t fiksh} ÷udih} pfsf
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
sh}kihs }duxfmdkbh} eh if def mkudedfbf„ ,Fbesfeh Xduwdi) 3??87 =5$" H}uh pskjsfnf hbusý hb djks hb hi mdmik h}mkifs 64
668
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
F}dnd}nk) pskjsfnf} mknk hi eh Sfedk Mknxbdufsdf phsnduhb vxh ik} lfcdufbuh} eh if} mknxbdefeh} ,ufbuk nh}udwf} mknk dbeîjhbf}$ h|psh}hb }x} h}udik} eh def) ed`xbedhbek pskcihnæudmf} }kmdfih} fi djxfi vxh mk}uxncsh} t usfedmdkbh} ikmfih}" ]db hncfsjk) pskjsfnf} mknk ä}uh f÷b }h hbmxhbusfb idnd. ufek}) pxh} }kb pkmf} if} mknxbdefeh} hb hi pfî} vxh ik} lfb db}usxnhbufek) ehcdek fi mk}uk vxh }djbd stmf iihfsik} f mfck t fi pkmk dbuhsä} t fpktk eh if} fxuksdefeh} nxbdmdpfih} t h}ufufih}" Ik} kusk} pskjsfnf}) mknk hi eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Shmkpdifmdýb eh Usfedmdk. bh} Ksfih} _kpxifsh}) hi eh Nx}hk} Mknxbdufsdk} t hi eh Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih}) nhshmhb xb cshh fbæid}d}) tf vxh fehnæ} eh `ksufihmhs ik} kusk} pskjsfnf} t nkefidefeh} hexmfudf} db}usxnhbufef} pks hi MKBF@H) udhbhb nxmlk vxh hs mkb hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf t }x} }djbd stmfek}" Hi _skjsfnf eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Shmkpdifmdýb eh Usfedmdkbh} Ksfih} _k. pxifsh} }xsjdý hb 64<3) nfsmæbek}h mknk kcghudk} ’shmkpdifs bfssfudf ksfi t gxhjk} db`fbudih} usfedmdkbfih} f pfsuds eh ik} mxfih} }h ed}höfsîfb pskexmuk} hexmfudk} mknpihnhbufsdk}„) f}î mknk ’sh}mfufs if} usfedmdkbh} ksfih} pkpx. ifsh} nh|dmfbf} pfsf dbmkspksfsif} f ik} nfuhsdfih} dnpsh}k} t }kbksk} vxh }h xudidwfcfb hb if hb}höfbwf„) mkb if stbfidefe eh sh`kswfs ’if dehbudefe t if mxiuxsf shjdkbfi t bfmdkbfi eh ik} hexmfbek}„ ,_hbfjk} Chinfb t Mkskbfek Sfnîshw) 64437 8?$" Pd}uk f}î) h}h pskjsfnf }h fpskpdf eh xb mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf shifmdkbfek mkb if usfedmdýb) ik vxh mkb}uduxth xbf dehf sknæbudmf }kcsh if mxiuxsf hb }î" Hi pxbuk hb mxh}udýb fvxî h} }d ehuhsndbfef} psæmudmf} mknxbdufsdf} `ksnfb pfsuh eh xbf k fsdf} usfedmdkbh} t mxæih} }kb }x} }djbd stmfek} mxiuxsfih}) phsk }kcsh ukek) hi pskcihnf sfedmf hb vxh ’if mxiuxsf udhbeh f hs}h mknk “fijk— ”dehf}) mshhbmdf}) psæmudmf}) db}uduxmdkbh}) hum"” vxh tf h|d}uh" ]hf ik vxh }hf) }xhih hs}h mknk fijk usfb}ndudek eh jhbhsfmdýb hb jhbhsfmdýb„ ,Mshlfb) 3??37 3? ?37 :=$" Hb hi _skjsfnf eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Shmkpdifmdýb eh Usfedmdkbh} Ksfih} _k. pxifsh}) if mkbmhpuxfidwfmdýb t shifmdýb eh if mxiuxsf mkb if dehf eh usfedmdýb h} nxt hdehbuh) }kcsh ukek pksvxh }x kphsfmdýb }h edsdjh f if ’shmkpdifmdýb eh mxhbuk}) ihthbef}) gxhjk}) edmlk}) mfbmdkbh}) humäuhsf„ ,_hbfjk} Chinfb t Mkskbfek Nfsuîbhw) 64437 86$" Næ} fiiæ eh ik} msduhsdk} nhukekiýjdmk} eh h}uh pskjsfnf t }x xudidefe f ik} eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) lft xbf bkmdýb idndufef
660
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
eh if mxiuxsf) fi mkbmhcds vxh dbh}udjfs t shmkpdifs usfedmdkbh} mknxbdufsdf} }hf xbf `ksnf eh sh}mfufs t psknkhs if mxiuxsf" _ks kusk ifek) hi _skjsfnf eh Nx}hk} Mknxbdufsdk} }h mfsfmuhsdwf pks ’if pfsudmdpfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb hi h}ufcihmdndhbuk t kphsfmdýb eh ik} nx}hk}) ik} mxfih} ed`xbehb xb usfcfgk eh shmkpdifmdýb eh if} mfsfmuhsî}udmf} mxiuxsf. ih} eh if} mknxbdefeh}) }x} }fchsh}) psæmudmf}) mshhbmdf} h ld}uksdf„ ,Fbesfeh Xduwdi) 3??87 5?$" Pd}uk f}î) h}uh pskjsfnf mkbmdch vxh ukek ik shifmdkbfek mkb if ld}uksdf t `ksnf} eh def eh ik} lfcdufbuh} eh mknxbdefeh} ehch shmkpdifs}h) psdbmdpfinhbuh pksvxh `ksnfb pfsuh eh }x mxiuxsf" ]d mkb}dehsfnk} vxh ik} nx}hk} ”}hfb mknxbdufsdk} k eh kusk udpk” phsnd. uhb sh}mfufs if mxiuxsf eh ehuhsndbfef }kmdhefe pks hi lhmlk eh shxbds edhs}k} kcghuk} ”ekmxnhbuk}) fsuh}fbîf}) hb}hsh} eknä}udmk} k eh usfcfgk) humäuhsf”) bxhfnhbuh idndufnk} if mxiuxsf f ik} pskexmuk} nfuhsdfih} t }h ef pkmk äb`f}d} f if pskexmmdýb }dncýidmf eh lkncsh} t nxghsh}) t fi nd}nk udhnpk) fixednk} f xbf }xpxh}uf mxiuxsf ikmfi vxh }hjxsfnhbuh h}uæ idjfef f pskmh}k} ld}uýsdmk} t shjdkbfih} næ} fnpidk}" @dbfinhbuh) hi pskjsfnf eh Mfsffbf} Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih}) vxh dbdmdý hb ik} h}ufek} eh Jxhsshsk) Mldfpf}) Ndmlkfmæb) Kf|fmf t Phsfmsxw exsfbuh hi mdmik h}mkifs 6444.3??? ,_skthmuk Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih}) 3???$) }h pskpx}k ’fiksfs) ed. `xbeds t psknkhs if} h|psh}dkbh} t nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} fsuî}udmf} t mxiuxsfih} eh if} mknxbdefeh}) pfsf mkbusdcxds fi eh}fsskiik eh mknphuhbmdf} eh mknxbdmf. mdýb) mkjbk}mdudf}) eh fpshmdfmdýb) h|psh}dýb mxiuxsfi t fmuduxeh} eh fmxhsek mkb ik} kcghudk} eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf„ ,Fbesfeh Xduwdi) 3??87 =:$" Dbmix}k) if }hihmmdýb eh ik} gýhbh} vxh hnphwfskb f pfsudmdpfs hb if} Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih} mkb}d}udý hb hihjds f fvxhiik} vxh hsfb ’}hb}dcih} f if} h|psh}dkbh} fsuî}udmf} t nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} mxiuxsfih}„) mfpfmduæbekik} pfsf vxh shfidwfsfb fmuddefeh} t ufiihsh} eh fbdnfmdýb t `knhbuk eh if ihmuxsf) h|psh}dýb h}mäbdmf ,uhfusk) uîuhsh}) nfsdkbhuf}) efbwf) n÷}dmf) hum"$ t if h|psh}dýb piæ}ud. mf ,gxjxhuh}) pdbuxsf) nkehifek) ufiifek$" ]db hncfsjk) h} mifsk vxh if mxiuxsf dnpxi}fef pks h}uf} mfsffbf} bxhfnhbuh }h f}kmdf mkb ’ik} pskexmuk} eh if fmuddefe fsuî}udmf„ t iduhsfsdf„ ,Mshlfb) 3??37 84$" Ik} nfuhsdfih} dnpsh}k} t fxedudk} ehi MKBF@H ufncdäb }kb xbf nxh}usf eh if mkbmhpuxfidwfmdýb eh if mxiuxsf eh vxh }h fpskpdf h}uh ksjfbd}nk" ]hj÷b
66:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
if pæjdbf hihmusýbdmf ehi ksjfbd}nk) f if `hmlf mxhbuf mkb 65= pxcidmfmdkbh}) if nftksîf }kb mxhbuk} ,8<"?($) }djxdhbek if} mfufikjfef} mknk mxiuxsfih} ,65":($) jxîf} eh hb}höfbwf ,66"3($) fxedkmf}huh} ,:"?($ t) hb nhbks nhedef) gxhjk} ,5"3($) lfcdidefeh} nfbxfih} ,="8($) mdhbuî stmf} ,?":($ t uh|uk} cdidbjùh} ,?":($" If} uhnæudmf} fcksefef} hb if} pxcidmfmdkbh} }kb mifh pfsf hbuhbehs mýnk hi MKBF@H dbuhbuf fsudmxifs }x} pskjsfnf} t nkefidefeh} hexmfudf} mkb if mxiuxsf" _ks hghnpik) hb hi udpk eh pxcidmfmdkbh} ehbkndbfef} mxhbuk}) ik} uhnf} vxh }h ukmfb fb eh}eh if iduhsfuxsf db`fbudi) if hexmfmdýb fncdhbufi) hi dbdmdk eh if ihmuxsf) hbush kusf}" Hb if} mkbmhcdef} mknk mxiuxsfih} ik} uhnf} }h hb`kmfb fi `knhbuk mxiuxsfi t f xbk næ}) iifnfek edfikjfs t eh}mxcsds" If} pxcidmfmdkbh} vxh }kb jxîf} eh hb}höfbwf fcksefb uhnf} shifmdkbfek} mkb if ksdhbufmdýb t hi usfcfgk mknxbdufsdk) f if hw vxh pskpkbhb h}usfuhjdf} pfsf dnpihnhbufs if }fixe t if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf" _ks kusk ifek) hi nfuhsdfi fxedudk ehbkuf xb dbuhsä} hb psknkhs if iduhsfuxsf db`fbudi t if usfedmdýb ksfi f usfä} eh ik} mf}huh}" @dbfinhbuh) if} px. cidmfmdkbh} }kcsh lfcdidefeh} nfbxfih}) gxhjk} t ehnæ} }kb xb mifsk hghnpik eh if} lhssfndhbuf} edeæmudmf} vxh xudidwfb if} t ik} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} hb hi pskmh}k eh hb}höfbwf.fpshbedwfgh" Hb }xnf) if mkbmhpmdýb eh mxiuxsf eh ik} nfuhsdfih} }h sh}usdbjh f if shmkpdifmdýb t ed`x}dýb eh usfedmdkbh}) mk}uxn. csh} t psæmudmf} mkudedfbf}) ik vxh hb`fudwf xbf d}dýb idndufef eh ik mxiuxsfi dbmxifef mkb ik ikmfi t shjdkbfi"
MKBF@H t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Ufnfxidpf} If ld}uksdf eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf db}usxnhbufef pks hi MKBF@H hb Uf. nfxidpf} udhbh xbf usfthmuksdf }dndifs f if eh ik} ehnæ} h}ufek} eh if shp÷cidmf nh|dmfbf" Edmlk ksjfbd}nk mknhbwý f kphsfs hb Ufnfxidpf}) exsfbuh hi mdmik h}mkifs 64:8.64:0) mkb 6?? }hsdmdk} ehi hbukbmh} _skjsfnf Mxs}k} Mknxbduf. sdk} , Fbuhmhehbuh} ehi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}) }+`$" If iihjfef ehi MKBF@H f Ufnfxidpf} bk }ýik }h ehcdý f xbf pkiîudmf ehi H}. ufek nh|dmfbk hbmfndbfef f if pskpfjfmdýb eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb hi pfî}) bd ufnpkmk fi `knhbuk eh if hexmfmdýb hb if hbudefe pks Hbsdvxh Mæsehbf}
66<
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
Jkbwæihw) jkchsbfeks eh Ufnfxidpf} hbush 64:8 t 64<6 ,Wkssdiif t Jkbwæihw ]f. if}) 64<57 <=$) }dbk vxh næ} cdhb kchehmdý f if bhmh}defe eh fi`fchudwfs fi`fchudwfs t fmhsmfs if hexmfmdýb h}mkifs cæ}dmf f if} mknxbdefeh} nfsjdbfef} vxh bk mxcsîfb hi H}ufek bd if @hehsfmdýb" _ks hghnpik) eh if pkcifmdýb eh 68 fök} t næ} vxh lfcîf hb Ufnfxidpf} ex. sfbuh 64:?) 68":( hsfb fbfi`fchuf}) t eh ik} fi`fchuk}) pkmk} uhbîfb if hexmfmdýb psdnfsdf mkbmixdef) h}phmdfinhbuh ik} lfcdufbuh} eh wkbf} sxsfih}" ]d cdhb pfsf 64
664
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Tk }dhbuk vxh) dbehphbedhbuhnhbuh eh ik} sh}xiufek} vxh efb ik} db}usxmuksh} lkt hb eîf) ik} psdnhsk} db}usxmuksh} uhbîfb cdhb pxh}uf if mfnd}huf" Mknpfsuîfnk} if d}dýb eh vxh ik} psdnhsk} db}usxmuksh} }h }hbuîfb mknk ik} nfh}usk} sxsfih} eh Pf}mkbmhik}" Mknk vxh bk} vxhsîfb usfb}nduds vxh äsfnk} pdkbhsk} hb hi mfnpk" F nî nh jx}uý nxmlk if h|phsdhbmdf ,mkbhs}fmdýb ehi 3<+4+?0$"
If} psdnhsf} mfpfmdufmdkbh} eh db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} hb Ufnfxidpf} }h dnpfsudhskb hb mfchmhsf} nxbdmdpfih} mknk ]kuk If Nfsdbf) Iihsf) _fediif t Mdxefe Pdmuksdf" F ed`hshbmdf eh fbufök) lkt }h ef mfpfmdufmdýb hb ukek hi h}ufek) tf }hf hb if} mfchmhsf} nxbdmdpfih} k hb hgdek} ekbeh }h ehnfbefb ik} pskjsfnf} eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf1 flksf }kb gýhbh} ik} mfpfmdufeksh}) ux. uksh} t bk nfh}usk} eh psdnfsdf ik} vxh) mkb cf}h hb }x h|phsdhbmdf mknk h| db}usxmuksh} t hb nfuhsdfih} edeæmudmk}) mfpfmdufb t }xphsd}fb f ik} bxhk} db}. usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk}" Eh}pxä} ehi mdmik h}mkifs 64:8.64:0) hi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf} dnpxi}ý fi. jxbk} pskthmuk}) hbush ik} vxh }h hbmkbusfcf if shd}uf ]kidefsdefe) xb nhedk eh ed`x}dýb mkb hi vxh mkbusdcxîfb ed`hshbuh} ehihjfmdkbh} ehi MKBF@H fpksufb. ek `kukjsf`îf}) pkhnf} t }hbmdiif} hubkjsf`îf} eh if} mknxbdefeh} fuhbedef}" Hi pskthmuk ehmidbý ehcdek) pks xb ifek) fi mk}uk eh pskexmmdýb) t pks kusk) f if `fiuf eh dbuhsä} hb mkifcksfs) vxhefbek hb hbushedmlk xb pskthmuk heduksdfi vxh pxek mkbusdcxds nftksnhbuh f if ed`x}dýb iduhsfsdf t eh h|phsdhbmdf} mknxbduf. sdf}" Kusk eh ik} pskthmuk} hexmfudk} `xh hi pskjsfnf eh pshh}mkifs mknxbdufsdk sxsfi) hi mxfi dbdmdý mknk pifb pdikuk hb 64
63?
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
,ufih} mknk hi _shh}mkifs Mknxbdufsdk t ik} Mxs}k} Mknxbdufsdk}$) `xhskb ik} eh if Mf}f H}mxhif) ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf) ]fixe Mknxbdufsdf) xb pskjsfnf eh sfedk) hi _skjsfnf Mdsmk t) shmdhbuhnhbuh) hi eh Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih}" H} bhmh}fsdk eh}msdcds hb vxä mkb}d}udhskb h}k} pskthmuk} t sh ffih|dkbfs }kcsh }x} ikjsk} t id. ndufmdkbh} hb if shjdýb" Hi pskthmuk eh if Mf}f H}mxhif mkb}d}udý hb xb fichsjxh vxh }h xcdmý hb if mfchmhsf nxbdmdpfi eh ]kuk If Nfsdbf) ekbeh }h lk}phefcfb bdök} t bdöf} hb hefe h}mkifs pskhbdhbuh} eh mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} fihgfef} t vxh dcfb f h}uxedfs if hexmfmdýb psdnfsdf hb if mfchmhsf nxbdmdpfi" Fehnæ} eh efsih} lk}. phefgh }h ih} fidnhbufcf) }h ih} efcf ksdhbufmdýb näedmf t kmfmdkbfi) f}î mknk dnpihnhbuk} pfsf }x idnpdhwf phs}kbfi" Fehnæ}) if Mf}f H}mxhif mkbufcf mkb xbf phvxhöf jsfbgf hb if vxh }h pskexmîfb fidnhbuk}" Eh}eh }x dbdmdk hi pskthmuk mkbuhnpiý if pfsudmdpfmdýb eh ik} pfesh} t nfesh} eh `fndidf" Nhedfbuh xb mkbhbdk }h ih} mknpsknhuîf f pfsudmdpfs hb if} fmuddefeh} h}mkifsh} t hb if shlfcdidufmdýb eh if} db}ufifmdkbh}" Fehnæ}) fmxeîfb pks }x} ldgk} ik} stbh} eh }hnfbf pfsf iihfsik} f }x} mknxbdefeh} eh ksdjhb" F nhedfek} eh if ik} kmlhbuf h}uh pskjsfnf ehgý eh `xbmdkbfs" F ehmds eh Gxfb Eîfw) hi h| db}usxmuks mknxbdufsdk tf mdufek) hi pskjsfnf eh if Mf}f H}mxhif `xh7 Xbf dehf h|mhihbuh) nxt cxhbf) fi nhbk} if Mf}f H}mxhif vxh }h mkbkmîf hb ]kuk If Nfsdbf" Eh}pxä} eh}fpfshmdý }xpxh}ufnhbuh pksvxh bk `xbmdkbfcf" Hb}hjxdef fpfshmdhskb ik} fichsjxh} eh if ]hmshufsîf eh Hexmfmdýb" _hsk if} Mf}f} H}mxhif `xhskb xb pskjsfnf nxt cxhbk) nxt ikfcih) phsk eh}fpfshmdhskb ,mkbhs}fmdýb ehi 3<+4+?0$"
»_ks vxä ehgý eh `xbmdkbfs xb pskthmuk t pskjsfnf mknk `xh hi eh if Mf}f H}mxhif;) »}h ehcdý fi pkmk p kmk dbuhsä} eh ik} pfesh} pfesh } t nfesh} eh `fndidf k f if `fiuf eh fpktk stbfbmdhsk pks pfsuh eh if} fxuksdefeh} nxbdmdpfih}) h}ufufih} k ehi MKBF. @H; Bk }h mxhbuf mkb db`ksnfmdýb fi sh}phmuk) phsk h} xb lhmlk vxh h}uh pskthmuk }dsdý eh cf}h pfsf if hexmfmdýb eh bdök} t bdöf} eh mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} vxh bk mkbufcfb mkb nfh}usk} k h}mxhif} t nxmlk nhbk} mkb shmxs}k} hmkbýndmk}" Hi kusk pskthmuk vxh dnpihnhbuý hi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf} `xh hi eh if} ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf" Hb ä}uf} pfsudmdpfcfb ik} pfesh} t nfesh} eh `fndidf eh if}
636
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
mknxbdefeh} f usfä} eh ufiihsh} eh mksuh t mkb`hmmdýb eh skpf) ldifek} t uhgdek}) u hgdek}) mfspdbuhsîf t lxhsuk} `fndidfsh}" ]hj÷b xbf sh}höf ld}uýsdmf) ’hb h}uh ufiihs hi Mkb}hgk hedufcf shd}uf}) if} mxfih} mkbuhbîfb db`ksnfmdýb eh mýnk }hncsfs lksufidwf}) if} pskpdhefeh} eh if} nd}nf} t hi phsdkek eh if }dhncsf" H}uf shd}uf exsý nxt pkmk udhnpk hb mdsmxifmdýb) ehcdek f ik} fiuk} mk}uk} eh dnpsh}dýb t fi hbîk f ik} h}ufek}„" H}uf ÷iudnf `xh xbf eh if} sfwkbh} pks if} mxfih}) hb pfsuh) ehgfskb eh `xbmdkbfs if} ]fif} eh Ihmuxsf) shuknæbekif} hi Db}uduxuk Bfmdkbfi pfsf if Hex. mfmdýb eh ik} Fexiuk} ,DBHF$) lkt Db}uduxuk Ufnfxidphmk pfsf if Hexmfmdýb eh ik} Fexiuk} ,DUHF$) vxh }h `ksný mkb hi pskpý}duk eh dnpihnhbufs if fi`fchud. wfmdýb t mfpfmdufmdýb eh ik} fexiuk} hb hi h}ufek" Pd}uk f}î) fijxbk} pskthmuk} eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf bk mkbudb÷fb ehcdek fi pkmk fpktk stbfbmdhsk eh if} fxuksdefeh} h}ufufih} h) dbmix}k) f if fpskpdfmdýb eh ik} pskjsfnf} exsfbuh mfn. cdk} jxchsbfnhbufih}" Hbush 644? t 644:) hi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf} db}usxnhbuý hi pskthmuk eh ]fixe Mknxbdufsdf t xb pskjsfnf eh sfedk" Hi eh ]fixe Mknxbdufsdf `xh sh}xi. ufek eh if stsnf eh xb mkbhbdk hbush if} ehihjfmdkbh} ehi MKBF@H t hi ]hmuks ]fixe hb hi pfî}7 ’Hi mkbhbdk jfsfbudwfcf xbf mkksedbfmdýb eh fmuddefeh} }f. bdufsdf} pfsf vxh f if} mknxbdefeh} fihgfef} iihjfsfb ik} pskjsfnf} eh }fixe f usfä} eh ik} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} t mfpfmdufeksh} uxuksh}„ , Sh}höf ld}. uýsdmf† }+`$" _ks kusk ifek) hi pskjsfnf eh sfedk) vxh exsý eh 6440 f 644<) iihfcf pks bkncsh Ifcks Mkn Mknxbdu xbdufsdf fsdf)) }h usfb}nduîf ik} stbh} eh }hnfbf t hb äi pfsudmdpfcfb ed`hshbuh} phs}kbf} t }h db`ksnfcf fi p÷cidmk mýnk usfcfgfcf hi MKBF@H hb if} mknxbdefeh}7 Ik} db}usxmuksh} t uxuksh} lfcifcfb }kcsh }x} h|phsdhbmdf} hb mknxbdefeh}) mýnk hsf }x shifmdýb mkb if jhbuh) mxæih} hsfb }x} mk}uxncsh}) mýnk hsf }x hjhufmdýb) if `ksnf eh usfcfgfs mkb ik} fixnbk}" Ufncdäb pfsudmdpfcf phs}kbfi eh if ehihjfmdýb mknhbufbek }x} h|phsdhbmdf}) }x} shffih|dkbh} t vxä fmuddefeh} shfidwfcfb pfsf iih. fs f mfck ufb bkcih ifcks , Fbuhmhehbuh} ehi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}) }+`$"
]d cdhb pskthmuk} mknk hi eh ]fixe Mknxbdufsdf mkbudb÷fb `xbmdkbfbek `xbmdkbfbek hb hi h}ufek f}î mknk hb kusk} h}ufek} ehi pfî} ekbeh hi MKBF@H csdbef hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) hi pskjsfnf eh sfedk mkbmixtý" H}uf }duxfmdýb kcidjf f phb}fs hb
633
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
mýnk kusf} fxuksdefeh} shifmdkbfef} mkb if hexmfmdýb cæ}dmf h}mkifsdwfef hb hi h}ufek pkbhb pkmk dbuhsä} hb if ed`x}dýb eh pskcihnf} t h|phsdhbmdf} shifmdkbf. ek} mkb if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) fi nd}nk udhnpk vxh eh}eh hi MKBF@H h}ufufi bk }h db}d}uh hb if bhmh}defe eh pskjsfnf} eh h}uh udpk" Kusk pskthmuk vxh hi MKBF@H dnpxi}ý hb hi h}ufek `xh hi ehbkndbfek _sk. jsfnf eh Mdsmk" Bk }h usfuý eh fmuddefeh} shmshfudf} vxh psknkdhskb ik} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk}) }dbk næ} cdhb eh if phudmdýb eh ik} dbuhjsfbuh} eh xb mdsmk hb hi h}ufek vxh }kidmdufskb fi MKBF@H) ndhbusf} h}uxdhskb psh}hbuh} hb if shjdýb) xb db}usxmuks pfsf vxh ih} dnpfsudhsf mif}h} eh psdnfsdf f }x} ldgk} h ldgf}" _ks ÷iudnk) exsfbuh hi mdmik h}mkifs 3??6.3??3 }h dnpxi}ý hi pskjsfnf eh Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih}) hi mxfi tf eh}msdcdnk} t fbfidwfnk}" ]hj÷b Hsbh}uk Nkbuh. ikbjk) h| mkksedbfeks ehi pskjsfnf hb hi h}ufek) h}uh pskjsfnf }h pskpkbh iihfs if hb}höfbwf f mknxbdefeh} pks nhedk eh if} fsuh} piæ}udmf} ,mknk nfbxfidef. eh}$ t h}mäbdmf} ,mknk kcsf} eh uhfusk$) f}î mknk hi `knhbuk eh if ihmuxsf ,pkh}îf t bkhif$" Fehnæ}) mknhbuý vxh pfsudmdpfb ufbuk db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} mknk lfcdufbuh} eh if} mknxbdefeh} hb jhbhsfi ,mkbhs}fmdýb ehi <+66+?0$" Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih} mkb}d}uh hb if dbuhjsfmdýb eh ush} db}usxmuksh} vxh }h efb f if ufshf eh shmksshs fsdf} mknxbdefeh}) ’psknkdhbek fmuddefeh} vxh ftxehb f `knhbufs t fpshmdfs if mxiuxsf eh mfef mknxbdefe Qt^ pskmxsfbek vxh if} phs}kbf} }h dbuhsh}hb hb h}uf} fmuddefeh}„" H}uh pskjsfnf hnphwý hb Uf. nfxidpf} mkb }dhuh jsxpk} vxh }h ed}usdcxthskb hb djxfi b÷nhsk eh shjdkbh} ehi h}ufek) shmkssdhbek mfef jsxpk xbf mknxbdefe pks }hnfbf" F ph}fs eh if shihfbmdf eh h}uh pskjsfnf) bxhfnhbuh kc}hsfnk} xbf bkmdýb idndufef eh mxiuxsf shifmdkbfef mkb hi eh}fsskiik eh fmuddefeh} fsuî}udmf} t iduhsfsdf}" Hb jhbhsfi) ik} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} t pskthmuk} ’mxiuxsfih}„ mkbudb÷fb kphsfbek hb hi h}ufek" ]hj÷b hi Æshf eh Db`ksnfmdýb t Fpktk Ikjî}udmk ehi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}) hi h}ufek }h eddeh pks stbh} kphsfudk} hb bxhh shjdk. bh}) hb if} vxh }h csdbefb ik} ed`hshbuh} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk}" _fsudmxifsnhbuh hb ik} nxbdmdpdk} t mknxbdefeh} sxsfih} h} ekbeh dbbxnhsfcih} db}usxmuksh} h db}usxmuksf} mknxbdufsdk} pskpksmdkbfb if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf cæ}dmf ufbuk eh bdhi pshh}mkifs mknk eh bdhi psdnfsdf" Xb db`ksnh eh if nd}nf æshf }höfif vxh pfsf hi mdmik h}mkifs 3??8.3??0) }h fuhbedhskb hb ukufi <8= mknxbdefeh}) csdbeæbek}h hb 844 eh hiif} hi pskjsfnf
63=
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
eh pshh}mkifs mknxbdufsdk) hb 66 hi pskjsfnf eh mhbusk} db`fbudih} mknxbd. ufsdk} t hb 35= hi eh mxs}k} mknxbdufsdk} k psdnfsdf" Hb ukufi) }h fuhbedhskb 5)0<< fixnbk}) eh ik} mxfih} 5)0?4 hjsh}fskb eh pshh}mkifs) :4 eh ik} mhbusk} db`fbudih} mknxbdufsdk} t ik} sh}ufbuh} 6)4?5 eh mxs}k} mknxbdufsdk} , Db`ksnh H}ufeî}udmk) 3??8.3??0$" Exsfbuh hi nd}nk mdmik h}mkifs) hb hi nfsmk ehi pskjsfnf Mfsffbf} Mxi. uxsfih}) }h fuhbedhskb xb ukufi eh 65? mknxbdefeh}" Eddedek} hb bxhh jsxpk}) if} t ik} gýhbh} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} }h edhskb f if ufshf eh psknkhs fmuddefeh} fsuh}fbfih} t fsuî}udmf} hb ed`hshbuh} mknxbdefeh} ehi h}ufek" @d. bfinhbuh) mfch sh}fiufs vxh exsfbuh h}h mdmik h}mkifs pfsudmdpfskb hb ukufi 885 ekmhbuh} hexmfudk}) f ehmds eh mdbmk f}d}uhbuh} hexmfudk}) 5: mfpfmdufeksh} uxuksh} t 8?3 db}usxmuksf} h db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk}" ]d cdhb h}uk} efuk} h}ufeî}udmk} csdbefb xb pfbksfnf jhbhsfi eh ik} ikjsk} ehi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}) pkmk edmhb }kcsh ik} dnpfmuk} hb if} mknxbdefeh}) }x} `ksufihwf} t ehcdidefeh}" Næ} fiiæ eh if eh}msdpmdýb eh ik} pskjsfnf} eh hex. mfmdýb mknxbdufsdf dnpihnhbufek} pks hi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}) f}î mknk eh if} ehbkndbfef} fmmdkbh} eh `ksufihmdndhbuk f ik} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk}) }kb bhmh}fsdk} edfjbý}udmk} k cfifbmh} vxh fcksehb mýnk lf shmdcdek if jhbuh eh if} mknxbdefeh} h}k} pskthmuk}.pskjsfnf} t hb vxä nhedef pdhb}fb vxh }kb eh xudidefe pfsf }x eh}fsskiik phs}kbfi t mknxbdufsdk" Hb xb h}ufek mknk Ufnfxidpf}) vxh mxhbuf mkb dbbxnhsfcih} mknxbdef. eh} sxsfih} t nfsjdbfef} t mkb xbf pkcifmdýb mxtf hmkbknîf eh }xc}d}uhbmdf bk ih} ef nfsjhb f if nkdidefe }kmdfi nhedfbuh if hexmfmdýb `ksnfi h}mkifsdwfef) h} bhmh}fsdk vxh }h shfidmhb cfifbmh} }kcsh if} mknxbdefeh} t `fndidf} vxh f÷b bk mxhbufb mkb hi }hsdmdk eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf) f}î mknk hfixfmdkbh} eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf vxh }h dnpfsuh" Fehnæ}) if edhs}defe t mfsfmuhsdwfmdýb shjdkbfi hb Ufnfxidpf}) vxh lf efek pdh f xbf udpkikjîf eh ’}xcmxiuxsf} shjdkbfih}„ dbmxifef} mkb xbf }x. pxh}uf mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi nh|dmfbf ,Jkbwæihw ]fif}) 6448$) f}î mknk xb }xpxh}uk ’eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi„ hb Ufnfxidpf} næ} cdhb f}kmdfek f `h}udfih}) db}uduxmdkbh} t jsxpk} vxh psknxhhb fmuddefeh} fsuî}udmf} t iduhsfsdf} ,Ifîb) 3???$) lfmhb mfef hw næ} bhmh}fsdk vxh hi MKBF@H edfjbk}udvxh hb hi h}ufek }x} pskthmuk} t pskjsfnf} vxh eh xbf x kusf `ksnf }h shifmdkbfb mkb if mkb}usxmmdýb eh if mxiuxsf"
635
Eh}eh hi MKBF@H" Mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk
MKBMIX]DKBH] F ik ifsjk eh h}uh fsuîmxik nh lh pskpxh}uk lfmhs xbf shd}dýb ufbuk uhýsdmf mknk hnpîsdmf eh ik} usf}ifph} hbush mxiuxsf t hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf" H}ph. mîstmfnhbuh) mýnk }h dbuhsshifmdkbf hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf mkb if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf dnpxi}fef pks hi MKBF@H eh}eh if eämfef eh ik} }huhbuf hb Nä|d. mk t) pfsudmxifsnhbuh) hb hi h}ufek eh Ufnfxidpf}" Hi kcghudk bk lf }dek pkbhs hb exef ik} pskjsfnf} t pskthmuk} eh h}uh ksjfbd}nk) }dbk næ} cdhb sh ffih|dk. bfs vxä ufbuk }h fgx}uf f xbf mkbmhpmdýb eh if mxiuxsf mknk xb pskmh}k eh pskexmmdýb ufbuk nfuhsdfi mknk }dncýidmf" Hb h}uh }hbudek) bk }h usfuf eh xbf hfixfmdýb eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf" Eh}eh vxh hi dbjiä} Hezfse Uftiks ,64::$ eh stbdý if mxiuxsf mknk ukef if jfnf eh fmuddefeh} lxnfbf} fevxdsdef}) bk db}udbudf}) usfb}ndudef} jh. bhsfmdkbfinhbuh f usfä} eh edhs}k} pskmh}k} eh fpshbedwfgh) hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf lf fusfh}fek pks dbbxnhsfcih} eh stbdmdkbh}) vxh fsîfb ld}uýsd. mfnhbuh t eh xbf ed}mdpidbf f kusf" Dbmix}k) fi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf }h ih lfb fjshjfek kusk} uäsndbk} mkb if stbfidefe eh h|piksfs kusk} mfnpk} eh dbh}. udjfmdýb }kmdfi) ik vxh hi fbuskpýikjk H}uhcfb Askuw ,644=$ lf ehbkndbfek ’mxiuxsf feghudfef„" Hb h}uh mf}k) bk }h usfuý eh fixeds f xbf mxiuxsf eh if hexmfmdýb mknxbd. ufsdf }dbk) mknk fmifsä) eh sh ffih|dkbfs }kcsh ik} usf}ifph} hbush hi mkbmhpuk eh mxiuxsf t ik} pskjsfnf} t pskthmuk} eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf db}usxnhbufek} pks hi MKBF@H" Hi fsjxnhbuk mhbusfi lf }dek vxh }d cdhb if} phs}phmudf} eh hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf hb Nä|dmk lfb pf}fek eh xbf mhbusfef hb hi eh}fsskiik mknxbdufsdk f kusf vxh fixeh f if pfsudmdpfmdýb jsxpfi) if sh ffih|dýb t mkb`skb. ufmdýb mkb if edhs}defe) if mxiuxsf }h }djxh dhbek mknk ’fijk„ vxh udhbhb if} phs}kbf} k if} mknxbdefeh} t }hpfsfef eh pskmh}k} ld}uýsdmk} t mkb}usxmmdk. bh} }dncýidmf}" Mknk fbuskpýikjk }kmdfi) h| db}usxmuks mknxbdufsdk t ksdxbek eh xbf mknxbdefe sxsfi) pdhb}k vxh if mxiuxsf h}uæ îbudnfnhbuh fsudmxifef mkb if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf" _ks hghnpik) lkncsh} t nxghsh} eh mknxbdefeh} sx. sfih} bk }ýik mkb}usxthb ehuhsndbfef} `ksnf} eh hexmfmdýb db`ksnfi ,ufih} mknk if hb}höfbwf eh fmuddefeh} eknä}udmf}) fjskphmxfsdf}) sduxfih} shidjdk. }k} t mîdmk}) hum"$) }dbk ufncdäb ih} fusdcxthb xbf jfnf eh }djbd stmfek} f hmh}
638
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
mkbusfedmuksdk}" ]db hncfsjk) h}uf hexmfmdýb db`ksnfi bk h} pskexmuk eh if h}. pkbufbhdefe) }dbk vxh h}uæ shifmdkbfef mkb if} ld}uksdf} dbeddexfih}) `fndidfsh} t ik} pskmh}k} ld}uýsdmk.shjdkbfih}" F}î) if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf ”fvxhiif bk h}mkifsdwfef h db}uduxmdkbfi” pshmheh f if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf `ksnfi" Hb jsfb nhedef) nxmlk} eh ik} db}usxmuksh} mknxbdufsdk} h}uæb `fndidfsdwfek} mkb h}f hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf db`ksnfi ”pxh} hb }x nftksîf }kb gýhbh} vxh pskdhbhb ehi mfnpk”) phsk bk lfb }fcdek dehbud stmfs mýnk }h dbuhsshifmdkbf mkb if hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf `ks. nfi vxh hiik} dnpfsuhb mknk psh}ufeksh} ehi }hsdmdk vxh csdbef hi MKBF@H t mknk fmuksh} hexmfudk} vxh ehchb sh ffih|dkbfs }kcsh if pskexmmdýb }dncýidmf t nfuhsdfi hb if} mknxbdefeh}" Næ} fiiæ eh h}k) ik} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} ehi MKBF@H mfef hw næ} ehchb dbmixds xbf bkmdýb eh mxiuxsf vxh mkbuhnpih ufbuk u fbuk pskmh}k} ld}uýsdmk.shjdkbfih} mknk if pskexmmdýb nfuhsdfi t }dncýidmf" ]d cdhb h|d}uhb pskthmuk} ehbkndbf. ek} eh `ksufihmdndhbuk f ik} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk}) hbush hiik} ik} eh Hexmfmdýb pfsf if ]fixe Mknxbdufsdf) ik} Nx}hk} Mknxbdufsdk}) if Sfedk Mknxbdufsdf) hi _skjsfnf eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Shmkpdifmdýb eh Usfedmdkbh} Ksfih} t if} Mfsff. bf} Mxiuxsfih}) h} bhmh}fsdk vxh }h ehghb eh mkbmhcds mknk pskthmuk} eh fpktk t }hf mkb}ufbuh }x hghmxmdýb t hfixfmdýb" _hsk }kcsh ukek) }h shvxdhsh vxh if mxiuxsf }hf xb mkbmhpuk mhbusfi ufbuk hb ik} pskjsfnf} hexmfudk} mknk hb ik} pskthmuk} eh `ksufihmdndhbuk1 xbk vxh ftf næ} fiiæ eh mkb}dehsfs vxh if mxiuxsf h} djxfi f if usfedmdýb) if mk}uxncsh) if} fmuddefeh} fsuî}udmf} k iduhsfsdf}" Eh}eh xbf ýpudmf jsfn}mdfbf) h} bhmh}fsdk mkbmhcds if mxiuxsf mknk if} `ksnf} hb vxh }h pskexmhb t dhb if} shfidefeh} t ed`hshbmdf} }kmdfih} hbush lkncsh} t nxghsh} ,Mshlfb) 3??37 60$" Xbf bkmdýb eh mxiuxsf mknk ä}uf }hsîf xbf cf}h pfsf mkb}usxds xbf hexmfmdýb mknxbdufsdf shifmdkbfi t mfef hw næ} sh ffih|df"
630
Sh`hshbmdf} cdcidkjsæ`dmf}
Fbesfeh Xduwdi) Nfsîf Hihbf ,mkkse"$ ,3??8$) Vxdäbh} }knk} t vxä lfmhnk} hb hi MKBF@H" Mxfehsbk eh pfsudmdpfbuh}) Nä|dmk7 Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @k. nhbuk Hexmfudk" MKBF@H) ’Fbuhmhehbuh} ehi MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}„) sh}höf ld}uýsdmf dnpsh}f) }db fxuks bd `hmlf) pskpksmdkbfef pks hi æshf eh _skjsfnf} Hexmfudk} eh if Ehihjfmdýb MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}" [[[ ’Db`ksnh h}ufeî}udmk" _skjsfnf}) nkefidefeh} t pskthmuk} hexmfudk}" Md. mik h}mkifs 3??8.3??0„) ekmxnhbuk dnpsh}k pskpksmdkbfek pks hi æshf eh Db`ksnfmdýb t Fpktk Ikjî}udmk eh if Ehihjfmdýb MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}" [[[ _skthmuk Mfsffbf} Mxiuxsfih} ,3???$) Nä|dmk7 MKBF@H) Edd}dýb eh Hexmfmdýb Mknxbdufsdf) ]xcedshmmdýb eh Eh}fsskiik) Ehpfsufnhbuk eh _skjsfnf} t _skthmuk} Mxiuxsfih}" [[[ Sh}höf eh if} fmuddefeh} ehi MKBF@H hb hi h}ufek eh Ufnfxidpf}) sh}höf ld}uýsdmf dnpsh}f) }db fxuks bd `hmlf) pskpksmdkbfef pks hi æshf eh _skjsf. nf} Hexmfudk} eh if Ehihjfmdýb MKBF@H hb Ufnfxidpf}" Mshlfb) Afuh ,3??3$) Jsfn}md) mxiuxsf t fbuskpkikjîf) Cfsmhikbf7 Hedmdkbh} Chiifuhssf" Jkbwæihw ]fif}) Mfsik} ,6448$) ’Mxiuxsfi Dehbudut k` ulh Ed``hshbu Shjdkb} db Ufnfxidpf}„) hb ]kmdkufn) shd}uf dbuhsbfmdkbfi eh mdhbmdf} }kmdfih} t lx. nfbdefeh}) ki" P ) b÷n" 3"
63:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
Jxhssf t ]æbmlhw) Nfsîf Hihbf t Bfufidh KµEkbhii Sdhsf ,3???$) ,3???$ ) ’ D" Hexmfmdýb Mknxbdufsdf„) hb Hvxdefe t mfidefe hb if hexmfmdýb cæ}dmf" If h|phsdhb. mdf ehi MKBF@H t if uhih}hmxbefsdf hb Nä|dmk) Nä|dmk7 Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk" nxbdmdpfi" Pdmuksdf) h}ufek eh Ufnf xidpf}) DBHJD ,6444$) Mxfehsbk h}ufeî}udmk nxbdmdpfi" Nä|dmk7 Db}uduxuk Bfmdkbfi eh H}ufeî}udmf) Jhkjsf`îf h Db`ksnæudmf" mxiuxsf uxsf feghu feghudfef dfef) Nä|dmk7 XFN. Dwufpfif. Askuw) H}uhcfb ,mknp"$ ,644=$) If mxi pf" Ifîb) Jxdiihsnk ,3???$) ’Hi eh}fsskiik mxiuxsfi„) hb Ufnfxidpf}" Ik} shuk} ehi eh}fsskiik) Mkihmmdýb Nd}dýb \\D) Mdxefe Pdmuksdf7 Xbdhs}defe Fxuýbknf eh Ufnfxidpf}" Skmazhii) Hi}dh t Sxul Nhsmfek ,644?$) Edfikjfs t eh}mxcsds" If h|phsdhbmdf eh }hs db}usxmuks) Nä|dmk7 Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk" Sk}hchsst) Zdiidfn ,64<4$) Fbulskpkikjdh} fbe Ld}uksdh}" H}}ft} db Mxiuxsh) Ld}ukst fbe _kidudmfi Hmkbknt" Bhz Csxb}zdma fbe Ikbekb7 Sxujhs} Xbd. hs}dut _sh}}" ]fiih}) Pfbdf ,3??3$) ’]kmdkikjîf eh if mxiuxsf) shifmdkbh} eh jäbhsk t `hndbd}. nk7 xbf shd}dýb eh fpksuh}„) hb Xssxudf) Hihbf ,mkkse"$) H}uxedk H}uxedk}} }kcsh if} nxghsh} t if } shifmdkbh} eh jäbhsk hb Nä|dmk7 Nä|dmk7 f pksuh} eh}eh edhs}f} ed}mdpidbf}) Nä|dmk7 Hi Mkihjdk eh Nä|dmk" Uftiks) Hezfse ,64::$) If mxiu mxiuxsf xsf psdnd psdndudf) udf) Nfesde7 Ftx}k"
Pfxjlfb) Nfst Aft ,3??=$) ’Hi fi`fchud}nk t if hexmfmdýb eh if} nxghsh} ehi mfnpk exsfbuh if Shkixmdýb Nh|dmfbf7 »if }xchs}dýb eh xb fmkbuhmd. ndhbuk pfusdfsmfi;„) hb @kzihs.]fifndbd t Nfst Aft Pfxjlfb) Nxghsh} ehi mfnpk nh|dmfbk) 6<8?.644?) Nä|dmk7 Hi Mkihjdk eh Ndmlkfmæb.Chbhnä. sduf Xbdhs}defe Fxuýbknf eh _xhcif" Zdiidfn}) Sftnkbe ,64<=$) Ahtzkse}7 f Pkmfcxifst k` Mxiuxsh fbe ]kmdhut) Ikbesh}7 @kbufbf _fphscfma}" Wkssdiif) Gxfb @dehi t Mfsik} Jkbwæihw ]fif} ,64<5$) Edmmdkbfsdk cdkjsæ stmk eh Ufnfxidpf}) Mdxefe Pdmuksdf) Ufnfxidpf}7 Db}uduxuk eh Dbh}udjfmdkbh} Ld}uýsdmf} eh if Xbdhs}defe Fxuýbknf eh Ufnfxidpf}"
63<
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}' Ixd} Jfcsdhi Lhsbæbehw Pfihbmdf
Dbuskexmmdýb Hi `fmuks mxiuxsf h} ik vxh edbfndwf if hmkb hmkbknîf) knîf) if} sheh} eh usfcfgk) hbush kusf}"
Skjhs Cfsusf Hb h}uh usfcfgk pshuhbek lfmhs xb fbæid}d} }kcsh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} lfmdf ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}) h dncxdek hb hiik) }x mkb}usxmmdýb mknk }xghuk} ehbusk eh if bfmdýb nh|dmfbf t if psknkmdýb eh }x} mxiuxsf}) mknk xbf shifmdýb eh bhjkmdf. mdýb mkb hi H}ufek" Lfjk ldbmfpdä hb if ehmkb}usxmmdýb k sh`xbmdkbfidwfmdýb eh hihnhbuk} mxiuxsfih} ikmfih} mknk `xhbuh pfsf hi pfusdnkbdk bfmdkbfi) `ksnf vxh lf ehidbhfek if shifmdýb hbush hi H}ufek t if} mknxbdefeh} dbeîjhbf} ikmfih} t shjdkbfih}" Hb h}uh }hbudek) nd pskpxh}uf h} vxh hi psdbmdpfi pskhheks eh uf. ih} hihnhbuk} h} if sth}uf usfedmdkbfi ikmfi ,if nftksîf) mfuýidmf}$) h}pfmdk }kmdfi ekbeh }h fsudmxif if pskexmmdýb nfuhsdfi h dbufbjdcih eh if} mknxbdefeh}) vxh h} kcghuk t fshbf eh ed}pxuf hb uksbk f pskthmuk} eh psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi ,fmkn. Fjsfehwmk ik} mknhbufsdk} t hi fpktk dbuhihmuxfi ehi ekmuks Fbeshz Skul ]h. bh``) psk`h}ks dbh}udjfeks ehi Mhbusk eh H}uxedk} Fbuskpkiýjdmk} eh Hi Mkihjdk eh Ndmlkfmæb" '
634
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
pföfek} eh pkiîudmf t hmkbknîf$" Ik} ksjxiik} ikmfih} k shjdkbfih} lfb }dek uhnf shmxsshbuh hb if mkb}usxmmdýb eh dehbudefe) t f pfsuds eh if jikcfidwfmdýb eh ik} nhsmfek}) xb shmxs}k fidk}k pfsf h|pikufs uxsî}udmf t pkiîudmfnhbuh" H|d}uh xb ehcfuh eh ifsjf exsfmdýb hb uksbk f ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} t) }kcsh ukek) fmhsmf eh if shifmdýb vxh jxfsefb mkb hi H}ufek hb hi h}`xhswk pks dbuhjsfs. ik} ehbusk eh if iifnfef ’mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi„) mxtf pk}dmdýb lf }dek if eh dbuhjsfs hb xbf pkcifmdýb lknkjäbhf if} ed}udbuf} shjdkbh}) jsxpk} h dbuhsh}h} ehbusk ehi uhssduksdk bfmdkbfi" _ks kusk ifek) if} pkiîudmf} vxh lfb eh stbdek ik} fimfbmh} t `ksnf} eh ksjfbdwfmdýb eh ik} jsxpk} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}) lfb pskpdmdfek pskpdmdfek if xudidwfmdýb eh hihnhbuk} mxiuxsfih} ikmfih} eh if} mknxbdefeh} pfsf hbfsckifs dehbudefeh} t mshfs dnfjdbfsdk} h}hbmdfid}uf}) vxh shddbedmfb if dnfjhb eh xb ’pf}fek ksjx. iik}k„ lfmdf if} mxiuxsf} pshmkikncdbf}) `kimiksdwfbek k shfpskpdæbek}h if d}dýb lfmdf ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} hb usfedmdkbh}) fsuh}fbîf} t if dnfjhb eh pkcshwf) ik mxfi ik} mkikmf mknk jsxpk} f ik} vxh lft vxh fuhbehs ,bk hbuhbehs$ pfsf }fud}. `fmhs }x} bhmh}defeh} psdnfsdf}) hb xbf `ksnf h|fmhscfef eh pfuhsbfid}nk vxh lf iihfek) hb nxmlk} mf}k}) f xbf `xhsuh ehphbehbmdf ehi H}ufek" _kehnk} phb}fs f if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi hb shifmdýb mkb ik} jsxpk} äubdmk} eh}eh ek} `shbuh} psdbmdpfih}7 hb hi psdnhsk) ik} h}`xhswk} pks psh}hsfs) ed`xb. eds) `knhbufs t ihjdudnfs pskthmuk} eh t pfsf ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}) eh}eh if} edhs}f} ghsfsvxîf} db}uduxmdkbfidwfef} eh pkehs7 hi H}ufek) ik} i k} jsxpk} shidjdk}k} t ik} nhsmfek}1 hb hi }hjxbek) ik} h}`xhswk} eh if} pskpdf} mknxbdefeh} pks jf. bfs h}pfmdk} ehbusk eh h}f} ghsfsvxîf} f usfä} eh pskthmuk} mxiuxsfih}) pkiîudmk}) shidjdk}k}) }kmdfih} t hmkbýndmk}"
Hi H}ufek t if mkb}usxmmdýb eh ik dbeîjhbf Hi pfphi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} hb hi pfî} lf }dek nfsmfek eh}eh if ld}uksdf kstmdfi mknk }xcfiuhsbk" Ik} dbuhbuk} eh fmxiuxsfmdýb eh ik} h}pfökih} bk `xhskb fmfufek} }db sh}d}uhbmdf t nxmlk nhbk} }db dnfjdbfmdýb" Ufbuk ik} jsxpk} dbeî. jhbf} mknk ik} h}pfökih} shmxssdhskb f h}usfuhjdf} eh bhjkmdfmdýb pfsf db}hsufs }x} mshhbmdf} t d}dýb ehi nxbek ehbusk eh ik} pfuskbh} h}ufcihmdek}) eh nfbhsf h|piîmduf t if nftksîf eh if} hmh} dnpiîmduf" If h}usxmuxsf eh if Djih}df Mfuýidmf)
6=?
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}
}d cdhb hidndbý nxmlk} eh }x} sf}jk}) pskpdmdý vxh }h nfbuxdhsfb fijxbk}) kusk} `xhsfb shehstbdek}) kusk} dbhbufek} t kusk} fpskpdfek}" Nxmlk} hihnhbuk} vxh fmuxfinhbuh }h mkb}dehsfb dbeîjhbf} ,if} efb. wf}) fijxbf} fsuh}fbîf}) hi usfgh usfedmdkbfi$ `xhskb db}uduxdek} eh}pxä} eh if Mkbvxd}uf) hb hi phsdkek mkikbdfi" Fijxbk} uäsndbk}) mknk ’psdk}uh„ k ’nftks. eknk„) }kb eh lhshbmdf h}pfökif" If h}usxmuxsf ehi }d}uhnf eh mfsjk} ehbusk eh if} mknxbdefeh} h} xb pskexmuk }dbmsäudmk eh if ksjfbdwfmdýb mddi.shidjdk}f eh if} ýsehbh} shidjdk}f} pfsf fendbd}usfs t hfbjhidwfs f if} pkcifmdkbh} db. eîjhbf} t eh if ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdfi pshld}pæbdmf" ]db hncfsjk) hi kcghudk bk h} mxh}udkbfs }x ihjdudndefe) }dbk kc}hsfs }x mkb}usxmmdýb t if xudidwfmdýb vxh uxk+udhbh hb mkbuh|uk} pfsudmxifsh}1 pks hghnpik) if fsudmxifmdýb eh dehbudef. eh} eh jsxpk ikmfih}) shjdkbfih} k næ} fnpidf}) mknk jsxpk} mkb mfsfmuhsî}udmf} }kmdkmxiuxsfih} ehstbdef}" Hi nkdndhbuk eh Dbehphbehbmdf) idehsfek pks nh}udwk}) pskpx}k xbds f if pkcifmdýb t fi uhssduksdk f usfä} eh bxhk} }înckik}) fmxöfbek xbf bxhf ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdfi vxh h} dbfmfcfef t h}uæ hb mkb}ufbuh usfb}`ksnfmdýb" ]db hncfsjk) hi nftks shuk eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} mknhbwý eh}pxä} eh if Sh`ksnf t if Shkixmdýb Nh|dmfbf) ehuhsndbfbek if dbmix}dýb eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} f usfä} eh pkiîudmf} dbuhjsfmdkbd}uf}) hb if} mxfih} hi dbedk hsf d}uk mknk xb if}ush pfsf ikjsfs if nkehsbdwfmdýb ehi pfî}" F}î) if mxiuxsf nh}udwf `xh phb}f. ef mknk if nhgks kpmdýb pfsf mkbgxbufs ufbuk uhssduksdk) pkcifmdýb) psæmudmf} t }hbudndhbuk} eh phsuhbhbmdf) hb xbf bxhf eh stbdmdýb eh if dehbudefe mknk if nh|dmfbdefe ,Pf}mkbmhik} t }x pskpxh}uf eh if sfwf mý}ndmf$) t ’hi `xuxsk ehi pfî} ehphbeîf eh if dbmkspksfmdýb fi nh}udwfgh eh if kpsdndef sfwf dbeîjhbf Q† t mknk^ fstsnfcf Nkidbf) if hexmfmdýb bk pxheh }x}uduxds f “if hkixmdýb— Q""" pks ik ufbuk^ ik} dbedk} ehchsîfb ehgfs eh }hsik„ ,Eh if _höf) 64447 60$" F}î) mkndhb. wf f xudidwfs}h hi cdbkndk dbedk.nh}udwk ,mkb }x hvxdfihbmdf eh usfedmdkbfi t nkehsbk$ mknk xb jsfb mkbgxbuk ekbeh edhs}k} jsxpk} h}ufcfb fjixudbfek}) t ik} mxfih} ehcîfb mkb}uduxds}h hb xbk }kik pfsf }xphsfs if `fiuf eh dbuhjsfmdýb eh uhssduksdk ,t eh if bfmdýb$ hb xbf jsfb mxiuxsf bfmdkbfi" F pfsuds eh 645?) mkb if mshfmdýb ehi Db}uduxuk Bfmdkbfi Dbedjhbd}uf) if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} ,dbedjhbd}uf}$ uknfb xbf `ksnf ’k stmdfi„" Mkb if hexmfmdýb }h pshuhbeh }xphsfs hi kc}uæmxik eh if} mknxbdefeh} t mknhbwfs xb pskmh}k
6=6
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
eh fmxiuxsfmdýb f usfä} eh ik} mhbusk} shjdkbfih} pfsf h}uxedfbuh} dbeîjhbf}) ekbeh }h ih} hb}höfcfb læcduk} eh ldjdhbh) `ksnf} eh mknpksufndhbuk) if hex. mfmdýb `ksnfi) kstmdk}) hbush kusk}) mkb hi stb eh vxh ufih} dbeddexk} }dsdhsfb eh mxöf pfsf ikjsfs hi kcghudk eh dbmkspksfmdýb f if nkehsbdefe eh }x} mknxbd. efeh} k shjdkbh} eh ksdjhb fi shdbuhjsfsik} f hiif}) vxh fsudmxifsfb pskmh}k} eh eh}fsskiik hb }x} pskpdf} mknxbdefeh}" If nftksîf bk vxd}k kihs) fijxbk} næ} mknhbwfskb f idehsfs if} mfx}f} eh ixmlf eh }x} mknxbdefeh}) hi shmifnk eh udhssf} psdbmdpfinhbuh t if fuhbmdýb f if} nd}nf}" Ik} bxhk} iîehsh} dbeî. jhbf}) `ksnfek} mknk nfh}usk} cdidbjùh} t psknkuksh} mxiuxsfih}) gxbuk mkb fijxbk} fmfeändmk} mknhbwfskb f ehuhbufs xb ed}mxs}k cf}fek hb xb dbedjh. bd}nk msîudmk k dbedfbd}nk) hi mxfi †bhjfcf vxh hi eh}udbk xbdhs}fi eh ik} nh|dmfbk} `xhsf hi nh}udwfgh mxiuxsfi1 }h shddbedmfcf if ihjdudndefe eh if} dehbudefeh} äubdmf} mknk dehbudefeh} nh|dmfbf}1 }h h|djîf hi stb ehi pfuhsbfid}nk eh if} pkiîudmf} ehi DBD t if ehnkmsfudwfmdýb eh ik} h}pfmdk} p÷cidmk} ,Eh if _höf) 64447 36$"
H}uf bxhf `ksnf eh fxukmkbmhpmdýb eh if} mknxbdefeh} dbeîjhbf} mknk idcsh} eh uknfs if} ehmd}dkbh} mkb sh}phmuk f if} `ksnf} hb vxh }h ehcîfb edsdjds f hiif} t eh phb}fs }x pskpdk eh}fsskiik) pskpdmdý if hnhsjhbmdf eh xbf pfsudmd. pfmdýb ed`hshbmdfef vxh Eh if _höf ehbkndbf mdxefefbîf äubdmf) if mxfi7 †shsthsh fi shmifnk eh nfbuhbhs xbf dehbudefe mxiuxsfi t xbf ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdhufi ed`hshbmdfef ehbusk eh xb H}ufek) hi mxfi f }x hw ehch bk }ýik shmkbkmhs) }dbk psk. uhjhs t }fbmdkbfs gxsîedmfnhbuh ufih} ed`hshbmdf} Q† ufncdäb }xcsftf†^ if dehf nk. ehsbf eh if bfmdýb Qvxh^ pk}uxif xbf shifmdýb d}knýsstmf hbush ush} mknpkbhbuh}7 hi pxhcik) hi uhssduksdk t if }kchsfbîf eh xb jkcdhsbk ihjîudnk ,64467 66 t 65$"
Hb h}uf shifmdýb hbush ush} mknpkbhbuh}) hi pxhcik }h h mknk xbf hbudefe lknkjäbhf) hi uhssduksdk mknk xbf `ksnf eh }x }x}uhbuk t hi jkcdhsbk mknk hi vxh db}usxnhbuf if pkiîudmf eh shmkbkmdndhbuk1 `ksnf} uæmduf} eh if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} lfmdf ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" F pfsuds eh 64
6=3
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}
iîudmf dbedjhbd}uf" Hi ed}mxs}k ehi H}ufek) f usfä} eh }x} db}uduxmdkbh}) hnphwý f mfncdfs) t f}î) pks hghnpik) hi DBD ’dbffixtý hb vxh hi jkcdhsbk nh|dmfbk dbmks. pksfsf hb 644? if Mkbhbmdýb 604 eh if Ksjfbdwfmdýb Dbuhsbfmdkbfi ehi Usfcfgk mknk ihjd}ifmdýb pskpdf) t sh`ksnfsf hb 6443 hi fsuîmxik 5 k" mkb}uduxmdkbfi1 flî) if bfmdýb }h eh stbh flksf mknk nxiudmxiuxsfi„ ,64447 36.33$) uknfbek mknk cf}h if bkmdýb eh pxhcik dbeîjhbf ehi Mkbhbdk 604) if mxfi †fixeh f if eh}mhbehbmdf eh pkcifmdkbh} vxh pshh|d}uîfb f if mkbvxd}uf t mkikbdwf. mdýb) vxh udhbhb mkbmdhbmdf eh }x dehbudefe) t vxh lfb shpskexmdek fi nhbk} xbf pfsuh eh }x} db}uduxmdkbh} ,Mkbhbdk 604) pfsuh D) fsu" 6 k"$1 uhssduksdk }h shsthsh f if} udhssf} ’vxh usfedmdkbfinhbuh kmxpfb„ ufih} pxhcik}) }kcsh ik} mxfih} ehchb shmk. bkmhs}h ’ehshmlk} eh pskpdhefe t pk}h}dýb„) f}î mknk ’hi ehshmlk eh h}k} pxhcik} f pfsudmdpfs hb if xudidwfmdýb t mkb}hsfmdýb eh h}k} shmxs}k}„ ,pfsuh DD) fsu}" 6=) 65 t 68$ ,64447 33$"
Ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} mkndhbwfb xb ’shmifnk eh nfbuhbhs xbf dehbudefe mxiuxsfi t xbf ksjfbdwfmdýb }kmdhufi ed`hshbmdfef ehbusk eh xb H}ufek) hi mxfi f }x hw ehch bk }ýik shmkbkmhs) }dbk pskuhjhs t }fbmdkbfs gxsîedmfnhbuh ufih} ed. `hshbmdf}„ ,64447 3=$) ik vxh shbjikbh} fssdcf }h ehbkndbf mdxefefbîf äubdmf" Fbuh h}f }duxfmdýb) if pk}uxsf k stmdfi lf mknhbwfek f mfncdfs if mkbmhpmdýb ehi pfphi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} ehbusk eh if bfmdýb) ik} mxfih} }h f}xnhb mknk ’hbudefeh} }kmdfih} Q†^ vxh }kb mkb}mdhbuh} eh }î nd}nk} mknk exhök} eh xbf usfedmdýb mxiuxsfi ed}udbudf usfb}ndudef f ik ifsjk eh if} jhbhsfmdkbh}„" ,Zki`) 64457 =44$" Fijxbk} h}`xhswk} }h lfb iihfek f mfck) xbk eh hiik} }db if fpskcf. mdýb eh ukek} ik} jsxpk} dbkixmsfek}) if Iht }kcsh ik} Ehshmlk} Dbeîjhbf} hb Gfid}mk)6 vxh h}ufcihmh pfsænhusk} hb uksbk fi pfphi eh ik} jsxpk} ksjfbdwfek}) cx}mfbek ihjdudnfs xbf pkiîudmf eh shmkbkmdndhbuk) ufi hw mkb hi stb eh hdufs if pskpfjfmdýb eh næ} ehnfbef} hb kusk} ixjfsh} f usfä} eh if fxukfe}msdpmdýb mknk pxhcik} dbeîjhbf}" F}î) mkb hi shmkbkmdndhbuk eh pkcifmdkbh} h}phmî stmf} f if} vxh }h mkb}dehsf dbeîjhbf}) }h hduf vxh kusf} næ} pshuhbefb dehbud stmfs}h mknk ufih}) ik mxfi mkbusfdhbh hi Mkbhbdk 604 eh if KDU" Hb if dbmkspksfmdýb Fpskcfef hi =? eh edmdhncsh eh 3??0 pks hi Mkbjsh}k ehi H}ufek"
6
6==
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} ehbusk ehi H}ufek) }h h}uæb mshfbek ik} nfsmk} gxsîedmk} vxh h}ushmlfb if shifmdýb hbush ik} jsxpk} t hi jkcdhsbk1 }db hncfsjk) hiik pxheh iihfs f dbmshnhbufs hi pfuhsbfid}nk ehi H}ufek t f mhsmfs if} pk}dcdidefeh} eh fmmdýb h dbhbudf eh ik} pskthmuk} dbeîjhbf}" If `ksnf hb vxh }h shmkbkmh f h}uk} jsxpk} lf mfncdfek) phsk }h mkssh hi sdh}jk eh vxh fbuh hi shmkbkmdndhbuk) }h h}uä iihfbek f mfck xbf pkiîudmf dbuhjsfmdkbd}uf hb if vxh) }db efs}h mxhbuf) ik} pskpdk} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} udhbhb xbf jsfb pfsudmdpfmdýb"
IF] _KIÎUDMF] _×CIDMF] If fsudmxifmdýb eh if} pkiîudmf} eh psknkmdýb eh if} mxiuxsf} dbeîjhbf} h}uæ nh. edfef pks hi sh}xiufek db}uduxdek eh if} shifmdkbh} hbush if} mknxbdefeh} t ik vxh ehbkndbf H}mfikbf if} ghsfsvxîf} db}uduxmdkbfidwfef} eh pkehs ,if Djih}df) hi H}ufek t hi nhsmfek) mkb }x} mdmik} eh h|pfb}dýb t mkbusfmmdýb) }x} mkbusf. edmmdkbh} t }x} mkb}ufbuh} shfmknkek} t mkb`skbufmdkbh}$ ,H}mfikbf) 3??57 606.603$" Mfef xbf eh h}uf} db}uduxmdkbh} h}uæ dncxdef hb xbf h}usfuhjdf lfmdf ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} eh}eh edhs}f} mkbmhpmdkbh} vxh pk}dcdiduf ik} nfsmk} eh fmmdýb mkb h}f} ghsfsvxîf} t hbush hiif}" Hb h}uf shifmdýb) fijxbf} ’psæmudmf} “äubdmf}— lfb }dek db}uduxdef}) fmuxfid. wfef} k eh}pifwfef} mknk sh}xiufek eh if mkb`ksnfmdýb eh sheh} eh shifmdkbh} næ} fnpidf}) eh nhmfbd}nk} eh nhedfmdýb vxh }kb bhmh}fsdk} pfsf if `ksnf. mdýb eh xb H}ufek.bfmdýb t eh xb nhsmfek„ ,3??57 603$) }duxfmdýb hb if vxh hi H}ufek pk}dcdiduf hi nfsmk eh fmmdýb eh if} mknxbdefeh} dbeîjhbf}) hb xbf mifsf fix}dýb fi mkbmhpuk eh pkehs h}usxmuxsfi eh Zki`) vxh ’ehuhsndbf hi mfnpk eh if fmmdýb }kmdfi ufbuk pfsf lfmhs pk}dcih fijxbk} udpk} eh mknpksufndhbuk) mknk pfsf lfmhs vxh kusk} }hfb nhbk} pk}dcih} k dnpk}dcih}„ ,3??67 =<8$" Xbf hw vxh }h pk}dcdiduf if hnhsjhbmdf eh ik} jsxpk} äubdmk}) }h db}uduxthb `ksnfmdk. bh} }kmdfih}3 h}phmîstmf} mknk hi pfuskmdbdk) hi fpktk f pskthmuk} pskexmudk}) if ksjfbdwfmdýb eh jsxpk} mkb}uduxdek} mkb phs}kbfidefe gxsîedmf) hbush kusk}) If} mxfih} ehstbh Zdiidfn} mknk ’if} shifmdkbh} fsdfcih} hb if} vxh ik} “pskexm. uksh} mxiuxsfih}— lfb }dek ksjfbdwfek} k }h lfb ksjfbdwfek f }î nd}nk} Q†^ `ksnf} eh ksjfbdwfmdýb t fxukksjfbdwfmdýb vxh pfshmhb nxmlk næ} mhsmfbf} f if pskexmmdýb mxi. uxsfi„ ,64457 == t 8=$" 3
6=5
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}
vxh ksjfbdwfb if edhs}defe hb pskthmuk} h}phmî stmk} pfsf }x fendbd}usfmdýb) t hiik dnpidmf xb pkehs ksjfbdwfmdkbfi k uæmudmk vxh dbkixmsf hi nkbkpkidk eh if ed}usdcxmdýb eh ik} shmxs}k}) bk }ýik nfuhsdfih} }dbk ufncdäb }dncýidmk}) }duxf. mdýb vxh ’ehstbh if db}usxnhbufidefe ehi pkehs t }x x}k pfsf hi hbuhbedndhbuk eh mýnk if} “xbdefeh} kphsfbuh}— mdsmxb}msdchb if} fmmdkbh} eh kusk} ehbusk eh h}mhbfsdk} ehuhsndbfek}„ ,3??67 =<5$) h} ehmds) phsnduh mkb}usxds xb ksehb pkiîudmk vxh }h nkedstmf k usfb}`ksnf ukek} ik} eîf} t hb hi vxh f usfä} eh if} shifmdkbh} ik} fmuksh} }kmdfih} nxh}usfb }x} pkuhbmdfidefeh}" H} bhmh}fsdk kc}hsfs mýnk }h db}hsufb if} psæmudmf} eh ksjfbdwfmdýb eh if} nhedfmdkbh} mkb hi H}ufek hb if ed`hshbmdfmdýb pfsf fmmhehs f h}pfmdk} eh bhjk. mdfmdýb) ekbeh ukef} if} db}ufbmdf} }kb db}usxnhbuk} eh if nd}nf eh}eh if d}dýb eh ik} dbeddexk} t jsxpk} hb ed}pxuf" Ik} mfncdk} shmdhbuh} hb if} db}uduxmdkbh} h}uæb dbmxifek} f if ’shmkb}usxmmdýb ehi ed}mxs}k äubdmk vxh fmknpföf f if usfb}`ksnfmdýb ehi H}ufek pk}shkixmdkbfsdk hb Nä|dmk) `hbýnhbk vxh lf }dek dbuhspshufek mknk xbf msd}d} ehi nkehik eh H}ufek bfmdkbfi lknkjäbhk ,Pd. iiksk) 644<$ k ehi bfmdkbfid}nk ,Cfsusf) 6445$„ ,H}mfikbf) 3??57 60=$) t eh}eh h}uf phs}phmudf) lfb }dek ufncdäb hi dnpxi}k eh ehnfbef} mknk ik} ehshmlk} lxnfbk}) ehshmlk} eh if nxghs) eh if }fixe shpskexmudf) hbush kusk}" Xbf eh if} h}usfuhjdf} eh pfsudmdpfmdýb eh if} mknxbdefeh} t jsxpk} vxh }h fxukehbkndbfb dbeîjhbf} lf }dek if felh}dýb pkiîudmf) tf }hf f `fks k hb mkb. usf) mkb pfsudek} pkiîudmk} t ksjfbdwfmdkbh} bk jxchsbfnhbufih}) mkb if} mxfih} hi H}ufek lf fcdhsuk h}pfmdk} eh if ’cxskmsfmdf jxchsbfnhbufi hb ekbeh }h h}uæ pskexmdhbek flksf xb mkbgxbuk eh sheh stbdmdkbh} eh ik äubdmk t ik} jsxpk} äubd. mk}) mkb if ed}mx}dýb eh bxhf} ihth} Q†^ if `ksnfmdýb eh bxhf} cxskmsfmdf}„ ,3??57 6::$) vxh bk }kb pskexmuk eh xbf d}dýb jhbhsfi eh if} mknxbdefeh}) }dbk eh ’phs}kbf} xcdmfef} hb h}uf} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} hmih}dæ}udmf}) mfnph}dbf} t cxskmsæudmf}) k phs}kbf} vxh }h shifmdkbfb mkb hiif}„ ,3??57 6:3$" H} ehmds) ik} hbuh} mkihmudk} efb pf}k f idehsfwjk} vxh psknxhhb if} mxiuxsf} dbeîjhbf}) vxh }h lfb mkbhsudek hb pksufkmh} eh ehnfbef} hb h}uf dbmix}dýb lfmdf) hb mkbusf) eh t eh}eh hi H}ufek" F}î) ’if usfb}`ksnfmdýb ehi nkehik eh H}ufek.bfmdýb pk}shkixmdkbf. sdk) fi pfshmhs) h}uæ shifmdkbfef) mkb xbf shksjfbdwfmdýb eh if pskexmmdýb eh jsxpk} t }kidefsdefeh} hb Nä|dmk„ ,3??57 6:0$" _sdnhsk) if ehidndufmdýb eh ik äubdmk mknk ik kcshsk t mfnph}dbk) t eh}pxä} f pfsuds eh if msd}d} eh dehbudef.
6=8
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
eh} mkihmudf}) h}pfmdk} eh dbuhsfmmdýb t mknxbdmfmdýb) if eh stbdmdýb eh jsxpk} t }kidefsdefeh}) t eh hubdmdefe) }h mkbdsudý hb xb mfnpk eh ed}pxuf} ,3??57 6:0.6::$) pskpdmdfbek h}pfmdk} fcdhsuk} vxh lfb }dek kmxpfek} pks if} djih}df} t edhs}f} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} bk jxchsbfnhbufih} vxh †cx}mfb if mkb}usxmmdýb eh mknxbdefeh} t }kidefsdefeh} k eh sheh} eh dbuhsmfn. cdk usfb}bfmdkbfih} ,Jiheldii 644<$) k ufncdäb pks ik} pfsudek} t if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} pkiîudmf} eh ksdhbufmdýb shjdkbfi t bfmdkbfi Q† f}î^ if hubdmdefe }h lf dek mkbdsudhb. ek hb xbf `ksnf eh mknxbdmfmdýb t eh nkdidwfmdýb eh}eh ed}udbuf} pk}dmdkbh} t stbh}1 fi nd}nk udhnpk) }x eh stbdmdýb t }x kcghudfmdýb) h} ehmds) hi h}ufcihmdndhbuk eh ik vxh h} k bk dbeîjhbf) }h lf mkbhsudek hb xb mfnpk eh ed}pxuf" ]db hncfsjk) pfsfeýgdmfnhbuh) h}uf shehstbdmdýb eh ik äubdmk lf iihfek næ} f nfsmfek} pskmh. }k} eh shmkb}usxmmdýb eh ik} }înckik} t ik} }djbdstmfek} eh mdhsuf} psæmudmf} dehbud. stmfef} mknk ’dbeîjhbf}„) vxh f }x psh}hsfmdýb t hbuhbedndhbuk ,H}mfikbf) 3??57 6::.6:<$"
H} hi mf}k eh if fsuh}fbîf ,cfssk bhjsk) næ}mfsf}) xuhb}didk}$) hbush kusk} hihnhbuk} mxiuxsfih} vxh h}uæb psknkmdkbfek} eh}eh hi H}ufek mkb xbf d}dýb mknpihnhbufsdf ehi uxsd}nk ,hb }x} edhs}f} `fmhuf}7 mdxefeh} mkikbdfih}) eh}. udbk} eh piftf) eh}udbk} eh nkbuföf) hbush kusk}$" ]db hncfsjk) if hubdmdefe bk h} xbf }kif) h}uh mkbuh|uk eh ed`hshbmdfmdýb lf pskexmdek n÷iudpih} dbuhspshuf. mdkbh} }kcsh h}uk} ed}mxs}k} pskexmdek}) ’pxh} if nkdidwfmdýb t if }kidefsdefe) if `ksnfmdýb eh ksjfbdwfmdkbh} t jsxpk}) dnpidmfb xbf hkmfmdýb eh ik dbeîjhbf hb }hbudek} ed}udbuk} t mkbusfedmuksdk}„ ,3??57 6:4$" _ks ik ufbuk) if} pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} lfb nk}usfek xbf jsfb dnfjdbfmdýb pfsf fsudmxifs if} h}usfuhjdf} eh pfsudmdpfmdýb eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}"
IF @DH]UF MKNK EH_Ý]DUK EH IF NHNKSDF Hb ukef} if} mknxbdefeh} h|d}uh if sth}uf psdbmdpfi t fijxbf} }hmxbefsdf}" If} sth}uf} }h shfidwfb mknk xbf `ksnf eh shmshfmdýb eh if dehbudefe) hb if mxfi }h kc}hsfb ghsfsvxîf} t }h fmuxfidwfb ik} sduk} t hi }d}uhnf eh ksjfbdwfmdýb }k. mdfi" F}dnd}nk lfb }dek hi pxbuk eh mkbehb}fmdýb eh fsdk} hihnhbuk} vxh }h
6=0
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}
psknkmdkbfb uxsî}udmfnhbuh) pxh} hb hiif} hbmkbusfnk} if nftks pfsuh eh if} fsuh}fbîf}) ik} usfgh} shjdkbfih}) ik} cfdih} t if} mk}uxncsh} ,nxmlf} hmh}) `ki. miksdwfef}$) mkb hi kcghudk eh fusfhs f }hmuksh} nxt h}phmî stmk}) dbuhsh}fek} hb h}uh uxsd}nk mxiuxsfi mknk ehssfnf eh kusk udpk u dpk k hb mkbkmhs if ’h}hbmdf„ eh if} mknxbdefeh}" F h}uk} hihnhbuk}) }hpfsfek} eh }x nfusdw ksdjdbfi pfsf sh}djbd stmfs bxhf} psæmudmf} k shifmdkbh}) }h ih} lf f}djbfek xb ski `xhsf eh }x mkbuh|uk lfcduxfi) t lfb }hsdek pfsf dnpxi}fs eh}eh hi H}ufek t mkb h}`xhswk} ikmfih}) hi `knhbuk) psknkmdýb) ed`x}dýb eh hihnhbuk} vxh }h mkb}dehsfb dnpksufbuh}) eh fvxhiik vxh h} dbeîjhbf t usfedmdkbfi) hbuhbedäbek}h if usfedmdýb mknk xbf mkb}usxm. mdýb mxiuxsfi) vxh mkb}d}uh hb7 †xb mkbgxbuk eh psæmudmf}) bksnfinhbuh jkchsbfef} pks shjif} fmhpufef} fcdhsuf t uæmdufnhbuh) eh xb sduxfi k bfuxsfihwf }dncýidmf) if} mxfih} cx}mfb dbmximfs mdhs. uk} fiksh} t bksnf} eh mknpksufndhbuk pks shphudmdýb) if} mxfih} dnpidmfb mkb. udbxdefe mkb hi pf}fek" Eh lhmlk) hb ik pk}dcih) bksnfinhbuh dbuhbufb h}ufcihmhs mkbudbxdefe mkb xb pf}fek ld}uýsdmk mkbhbdhbuh ,Lkc}cfzn t Sfbjhs) 64<=7 6$"
H}uf mkbudbxdefe mkb hi pf}fek h} if `ksnf næ} pkehsk}f eh ihjdudnfs ik} h}`xhswk} eh psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi" T ufi fehmxfmdýb }h cf}f hb ik} nduk} }kcsh ’mýnk lhnk} }dek„) pfsf mfsfmuhsdwfs ik} hihnhbuk} mxiuxsfih}) nxmlf} h. mh} mkb xb hb`kvxh h}hbmdfid}uf) vxh }kb fpskpdfek} k pxhehb }hs fpuk} pfsf hi }kpksuh eh ik} pskthmuk} k ed}mxs}k}" F}î) if} efbwf} }h xudidwfb pfsf shmdcds f mknd}dkbh} eh fiuk} `xbmdkbfsdk} k hb mhshnkbdf} p÷cidmf} eh mfsæmuhs mddi) mxfbek h}uæb db}hsuf} hb xb mkbuh|uk shidjdk}k f nfbhsf eh k`shbef eh h}`xhswk `î}dmk t sduxfi) mknk jsxpk} pfsudmdpfbuh} eh if edbændmf shidjdk}k.`h}udf" Hb h}uh }hbudek) }dshb eh pshuh|uk pfsf cx}mfs fpktk} h|uhsbk} mkb ik} mxfih} fcsds if pk}dcdidefe eh pfuskmdbdk eh if sth}uf t }x} mknpkbhbuh}" _hsk bk }ýik dnpidmfb if sh`hshbmdf fi pf}fek eh nfbhsf uæmduf) if fjhbmdf eh ukek} ik} fmuksh} dbkixmsfek} h} xb `fmuks dnpksufbuh pfsf if }hihmmdýb t sh`xb. mdkbfidwfmdýb eh ik} mkbuhbdek} mxiuxsfih} }hihmmdkbfek}) t pkehnk} sh`hsdsbk} f vxh h|d}uhb usfedmdkbh} dbhbufef} t }hihmudf}) bk mkb xb }hbudek ehbdjsfb. uh k phtksfudk) }dbk mknk xbf `ksnf eh bkncsfs ik} pskmh}k} }kmdkmxiuxsfih} vxh fmknpföfb if ehuhsndbfmdýb eh fvxhiik} hihnhbuk} }dbjxifsh}" If usfed.
6=:
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
mdýb dbhbufef h} ’xb pskmh}k eh `ksnfidwfmdýb t sduxfidwfmdýb) mfsfmuhsdwfek pks if sh`hshbmdf fi pf}fek) }ýik pks if dnpk}dmdýb shphududf„ ,64<=7 5$" F}î) if} psæmudmf} mîmidmf} vxh }h iihfb f mfck ehbusk eh if} sth}uf} lfb pskpdmdfek vxh }h dbuhsdksdmhb mkbuhbdek} mxiuxsfih} h}phmî stmk}" _ks hiik) hb h}uh mkbuh|uk h|d}uh xb mkb}hb}k mkb sh}phmuk f vxä eh}ufmfs) hihnhbuk} t psæmudmf}) ehbusk eh if sth}uf" If h|usfpkifmdýb) eh}mkbuh|uxfidwfmdýb k sh`xbmdkbfidwfmdýb pks pfsuh eh if} mknxbdefeh} t ghsfsvxîf} db}uduxmdkbfidwfef} dbmxifb f}phmuk} pfsudmxifsh} vxh }h db}hsufb hb xbf h}phmdh eh fmxhsek mkihmudk }kcsh if dehbudefe" _ks }x pfsuh) Sftnkbe Zdiidfn}) }höfif7 †ik vxh uhbhnk} vxh hs h} bk }ýik xbf usfedmdýb) }dbk xbf usfedmdýb }hihmudf7 xbf hs}dýb ehi pf}fek hihjdef dbuhbmdkbfinhbuh vxh ef `ksnf fi psh}hbuh) if mxfi f }x hw kphsf eh nfbhsf nxt pkehsk}f hb ik} pskmh}k} eh dehbudstmfmdýb t hb ik} pskmh}k} eh ehstbdmdýb }kmdfi t mxiuxsfi„ ,64::7 668$"
H}uf} `ksnf} eh bhjkmdfmdýb eh if dehbudefe t eh if} nfbd`h}ufmdkbh} mxiux. sfih} ikmfih}) }dshb pfsf bhjkmdfs fpktk} t) f if pfs) if dehbudefe ikmfi ,f hmh}) shjdkbfi$" Bk }ýik udhbhb xb kcghudk) }dbk n÷iudpih}" F}î) eh}eh hi uxsd}nk) if pkiîudmf) if hmkbknîf ,dbuhsä} ehi H}ufek) eh jsxpk} h dbeddexfi$) if} shddbedmf. mdkbh} äubdmf}) hi }hbudndhbuk eh phsuhbhbmdf t ik} hihnhbuk} pfsudmxifsh} h}uæb }dhbek shhifcksfek} ehbusk eh }d}uhnf} }dncýidmk} t eh }djbd stmfmdýb edhs}k}) vxh }h fefpufb) }hj÷b if} mdsmxb}ufbmdf}) f ik} pifbh} h}udpxifek} k mkb ik} mxf. ih} }h dbuhbuf if psknkmdýb t hi `knhbuk eh if mxiuxsf ikmfi" Fijxbk} kcghuk} næ} lfb }dek mshfek} f pfsuds eh if ehnfbef k eh if dbmix}dýb hb xb nhsmfek hb h}phmîstmk) t bk pksvxh }h lftfb xudidwfek fbuh} eh nfbhsf mkudedfbf k sd. uxfi) ehbusk eh if} pskpdf} mknxbdefeh}1 pks hghnpik) ik} mkbmxs}k} eh efbwf t fijxbf} fsuh}fbîf}" H} ehmds) hi psh}hbuh h} mkb}usxdek bk }ýik pks ik lhshef. ek) }dbk pks if ehmd}dýb eh vxä mk}f} mkb}hsfs t vxä mk}f} kidefs) hb shifmdýb edshmuf mkb hi pskthmuk eh psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi vxh) hb h}uh mf}k) ih }dsh f if,}$ mknxbdefe,h}$" H}uh äb`f}d} hb if} usfedmdkbh}) dbhbufef t }hihmudf) h} pfsf ehbkufs mýnk ufih} jsxpk} t hbudefeh} }xsjhb t }h eh stbhb f hiik} nd}nk} mkbusf kusk}) db. kixmsfek} fehnæ} hb hi pskmh}k eh eh}fsskiik t fxukeh stbdmdýb) t }kcsh ukek) hb if `ksnf hb vxh nkdidwfb) `ksnxifb t sh`ksnxifb shphsuksdk} mxiuxsfih} t
6=<
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}
}x fxukdnfjhb pfsf pskkmfs if pfsudmdpfmdýb t mknpsknd}k eh hiik} nd}nk} `ksnfek} pks h}uf} shpsh}hbufmdkbh} ,H}mfikbf) 3??57 56?$" Ehbusk eh h}uk} fpktk} lfmdf if} sth}uf} t }x} hihnhbuk}) ehchnk} ed}udbjxds ek} mif}h} eh pfuskmdbdk7 hi psdnhsk pks pfsuh ehi H}ufek f usfä} eh }x }d}uhnf cxskmsæudmk) hb hi mxfi }h db}hsufb ik} pskjsfnf} eh jkcdhsbk fsudmxifek} f usfä} eh }x} db}uduxmdkbh} ,`hehsfih}7 MED) MKBFMXIUF) ]HEH]KI1 h}ufufih}7 db}uduxuk} k }hmshufsîf} eh mxiuxsf1 nxbdmdpfih}7 shjdexsîf} t edshmmdkbh} eh mxiuxsf$ t ik} pifbh} eh eh}fsskiik1 t hi }hjxbek) vxh }h sh sthsh f ik} dnpxi}k} eh}eh if} psk. pdf} mknxbdefeh}) ekbeh h|d}uhb fsdf} `ksnf} eh h}ufcihmhs ik} pskthmuk} eh psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi" F}î) pks hghnpik) hb hi mf}k eh if} sth}uf}) pkehnk} nhb. mdkbfs hi }d}uhnf eh mfsjk}) vxh }kb ik} pfuskmdbdk} h}ufcihmdek} pks dbdmdfudf pskpdf k f usfä} eh if} sheh} eh pfshbuh}mk} ufbuk mkb}fbjxîbhk} ,`fndidfsh}$ mknk sduxfih} ,mknpfesfwjk}$) hb ik} mxfih} }h pxheh mkbuhnpifs ufncdäb if ffih|dcdidefe pfsf hi fpktk eh if} db}uduxmdkbh}" ]db hncfsjk) bk }ýik f usfä} eh if} sth}uf} }h shfidwf xbf psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi) t }d cdhb h|d}uh nftks fnpiduxe pfsf ikjsfs hi pfuskmdbdk) if} sth}uf} hb }î lfb }dek t }kb pfsuh eh ik} mdmik} db. uhsbk} eh if} pkcifmdkbh}" Ik dbuhsh}fbuh h} if mknpihgdefe vxh hb if} ÷iudnf} eämfef} lf eh stbdek if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} pxhcik} dbeîjhbf}"
_SKNKMDÝB MXIUXSFI) »EH VXÄ; F pfsuds eh if eämfef eh ik} }huhbuf) mkb hi dnpxi}k eh if dbex}usdf uxsî}udmf) hi jkcdhsbk eh Hmlhhssîf ih edk xbf nftks dnpksufbmdf f ik} sf}jk} mxiuxsfih} eh ik} pxhcik} dbeîjhbf}) phsk flksf f}dndifek} f xb ihbjxfgh }kcsh pfusdnkbdk t fiks mxiuxsfi" Hi ihbjxfgh eh pfusdnkbdk ,@hsst) 3??8$ dnpidmf xbf dehf eh pskpdhefe mkb}usxdef pks ik} dbuhjsfbuh} eh xb jsxpk vxh }xctfmh f xb }d}uhnf ed}mxs}dk næ} fnpidk) vxh phsnduh mif}dstmfs fijk mknk xb cdhb mkihmudk) bk shbkfcih t `xbefnhbufinhbuh dbfidhbfcih" Hb hi ihbjxfgh eh fiks if edhs}defe eh phs. mhpmdkbh} h} pskexmuk eh xbf mkb}usxmmdýb pkiîudmf t hmkbýndmf fusfh}fef pks shifmdkbh} eh pkehs" Xbk eh ik} hgh} fmhsmf eh if mkbmhpmdýb eh pfusdnkbdk t f. iks ekbeh }h mkbstjxsfb shifmdkbh} eh pkehs t eh ed`hshbmdfmdýb hbush ik} }xghuk} t ik} jsxpk} h} }x x}k pkuhbmdfi hb mkbuh|uk} næ} fnpidk}) mknk if} pskpdhef.
6=4
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
eh} mxiuxsfih}" H}uf dehf ehi pfusdnkbdk hdehbmdf xbf mkb}usxmmdýb ld}uýsdmf t }x x}k hb mkbuh|uk} eh ed}pxuf k shmifnk} pks mdhsuk} cdhbh} vxh bk }kb fghbk} f if mkb}usxmmdýb ehi pkehs" _hsk if db}usxnhbufidefe cxskmsæudmf ehi H}ufek bk fpktf f phs}kbf} `î}d. mf}) }dbk nksfih}) t }h `knhbuf if mshfmdýb eh stjxsf} gxsîedmf} pfsf pkehs csdbefs fpktk}" Hbukbmh}) fpfshmhb næ} f}kmdfmdkbh} mddih}) mkkphsfudf}) }kmdhefeh} eh }kidefsdefe }kmdfi) }kmdhefeh} mddih}) hbush kusf}) vxh }h hbmfsjfb eh if db}. usxnhbufmdýb eh pskthmuk} }dsdhbek mknk dbuhsnhedfsdk} k cskahs} mxiuxsfih}" If shifmdýb vxh pskpdmdfb ik} cskahs} mxiuxsfih} k dbuhsnhedfsdk} h}ufcihmh if} mkbedmdkbh} eh xbf nftks ehphbehbmdf h dbmix}dýb ehi H}ufek) pksvxh mknk ik }höfif Eh if _höf) if `ksnf eh h}ufcihmhs fidfbwf} xhih fi dbuhsnhedfsdk mxiux. sfi pkiîudmfnhbuh h}usfuäjdmk7 †hi H}ufek shmxssh fi dbuhsnhedfsdk pkiîudmk ,fxbvxh ä}uh mshf kusf mk}f$ pfsf jh. bhsfs k fmshmhbufs if ehphbehbmdf eh fmuksh} vxh nfbdsth}ufb fxukbknîf hb xbk x kusk jsfek Q†^ Ufbuk hi dbuhsnhedfsdk mknk hi mfmdvxh Q†^ kphsfb ”ik }höfifcf Zki`” hb hi mkbuh|uk eh sheh} }kmdfih} vxh xbhb ik} ed}udbuk} bdhih}" Ufih} sheh} pxhehb ehstbds}h mknk xb mkbgxbuk eh shifmdkbh} ed`hshbmdfef} ,mknpfesfwjk) pfshbuh}mk) fnd}ufe) mknpidmdefe) hmdbefe) hum"$ vxh pk}dcdidufb t }fbmdkbfb if dbuhsnhedfmdýb ,64<07 =5.=8$"
F}î) if} sheh} mshfef} pfsf kuksjfs chbh stmdk} mshfb bxhk} mknpksufndhb. uk}) phsk }h feldhshb f if} sheh} pshdf} vxh `xbmdkbfb hb if mknxbdefe) t hb h}uh mkbgxbuk) if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} bhjkmdfb t ihjdudnfb }x} pskthmuk}" Mfch nhbmdk. bfs) hb h}uh mkbuh|uk) if pfsudmdpfmdýb eh ksjfbd}nk} }xpsfbfmdkbfih}) mknk hi Cfbmk Nxbedfi ,CN$) hi Cfbmk Dbuhsfnhsdmfbk eh Eh}fsskiik ,CDE$ t if Ksjfbdwf. mdýb eh H}ufek} Fnhsdmfbk} ,KHF$) vxh edmufb pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf} mkbedmdkbfef} f ik} fpktk} kuksjfek} f if} bfmdkbh} k f pfsuds eh ik} mkbhbdk} stsnfek} vxh csdbefb if pk}dcdidefe eh fnpidfs hi h}vxhnf eh fpktk" F}î) ik} mkbuh|uk} eh psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi }h eh}fsskiifb hb nfsmk} næ} fnpidk} vxh kchehmhb bk }ýik f ik} dbuhsh}h} ikmfih}) shjdkbfih} k bfmdkbfih}) }dbk dbuhsbfmdkbfih}" T lft vxh nhbmdkbfs f}dnd}nk if dbuhsnhedfmdýb eh if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} mddih} ehbkndbf. ef} eh }hjxbek bdhi vxh jh}udkbfb shmxs}k} pfsf nfmskpskthmuk}) ik} mxfih}
65?
Ehi shmlfwk f if fpskpdfmdýb7 if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh ik} jsxpk} dbeîjhbf}" @dh}uf t pkiîudmf} p÷cidmf}
bk iihfb f mfck edshmufnhbuh) }dbk f usfä} eh pskthmuk} h}phmî stmk} eh kusf} ksjfbdwfmdkbh}) vxh }kb) f stbfi eh mxhbuf}) if} vxh ik} kphsfb"
SH@IH\DKBH] @DBFIH] F pfsuds eh h}uh cshh h}ckwk mkb sh}phmuk f if mfsfmuhsdwfmdýb eh ik} pxhcik} dbeî. jhbf} t if sth}uf mknk ehpk}dufsdf eh hihnhbuk} psknkmdkbfcih} mxiuxsfinhbuh) pkehnk} hs kusk} hihnhbuk} dncxdek} hb h}uh pskmh}k) mknk if }xghmdýb.fend. bd}usfmdýb eh ik} fpktk} t eh if psknkmdýb hb }î f usfä} ehi }d}uhnf usdcxufsdk ,`fmuxsf}) shmdck}$ eh if} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} usfedmdkbfih} ,efbwf}) nftkseknîf}) f}fncihf}) mkb}hgk} eh fbmdfbk}) hbush kusf}$ t eh }x} dbuhsnhedfsdk}1 fehnæ}) if dbmix}dýb hb psæmudmf} mknk if shefmmdýb eh pskthmuk}) db`ksnh} t shpksuh}) lfcdidefeh} cæ}dmf} hb if fi`fchudwfmdýb eh if cxskmsfmdf ehi H}ufek" Bxhk} k dhgk} mkbkmdndhbuk} vxh }kb mknpihnhbuk} pfsf shmdcds fpktk lxnfbk ,mf. pfmdufmdýb) fendbd}usfmdýb$) nfuhsdfi ,kcghuk} hb h}phmdh.db`sfh}usxmuxsf$ k stbfbmdhsk" If psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi vxh }h lf ksjfbdwfek eh}eh hi H}ufek) nxmlf} hmh} lf uhbdek xbf pkiîudmf hkixmdkbd}uf eh ’iihfs if mxiuxsf„) nhbk}pshmdfbek if} edhs}f} mxiuxsf} vxh h|d}uhb hb hi pfî}) fxbvxh mknk ik lh mknhbufek) eh}pxä} }h shjsh}h f hiif} bk pfsf hbuhbehsif}) }dbk pfsf xudidwfsif}" Hb h}uh }hbudek) ukmf f ik} h}`xhswk} ikmfih}) shjdkbfih} k næ} fnpidk} psk`xbedwfs fmhsmf eh mýnk fsudmxifs if} edhs}f} ednhb}dkbh} vxh }h hbushmsxwfb hb if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi eh if} mknxbdefeh} dbeîjhbf}) t pks kusk ifek) uknfs if dbdmdfudf eh vxä lfmhs mkb if} mxiuxsf} pskpdf}" Ukek hiik shvxdhsh xb ehcfuh næ} fnpidk hb uksbk f ik} pskthmuk} eh eh}fsskiik t f if} mkb}dehsfmdkbh} eh ik} dbuhihmuxfih} ikmfih} hb if shffih|dýb eh h}uk} uhnf}) phsk dnpidmf f}dnd}nk fckmfsbk} hb ’ik} shifuk} eh lhuhskjhbhdefe t f if} mkbusfedmmdkbh} hb ik} }d}uhnf} mxiuxsfih}) pfsf h|piksfs if} `ksnf} hb if} mxfih} h}uf ed`hshbmdfmdýb pskexmh xbf pkiîudmf eh }hbudek t bk }dnpihnhbuh xbf shphudmdýb eh `ksnf} lhshefef}„ ,Zki`) 3??67 563$" If sth}uf }djxh }dhbek hi ixjfs eh if fsudmxifmdýb eh if} h}usfuhjdf} pfsf nfb. uhbhs if dehbudefe f usfä} eh ik} sduk} t if} mhshnkbdf}) gxbuk mkb ik} kcghuk} t if} psæmudmf} fisheheks eh hiif t hi fcshfehsk eh if} `ksnf} hb vxh lf ehhbdek
656
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi
if psknkmdýb mxiuxsfi) ekbeh if} dbuhsfmmdkbh} ikmfih} ,fcdhsuf} f pskmh}k} næ} fnpidk} f bdhi shjdýb) bfmdýb t jikcfidwfmdýb$ bk} csdbefb xb lksdwkbuh edhs}k hb mxfbuk f ik} pskthmuk} mxiuxsfih} vxh }h psknxhhb k jh}udkbfb) pxh}uk vxh }x `ksnfmdýb ehphbeh eh if} sheh} fnpidf} eh ik} jsxpk}) t hb pfsudmxifs phs. }kbf}) vxh h}ufcihmhb if} bhjkmdfmdkbh}) t f}dnd}nk) ehi ixjfs eh shpskexmmdýb ehi ed}mxs}k ehi pfusdnkbdk mknk xbf pfsuh mifh hb if shifmdýb eh}eh+mkb hi H}ufek+mknxbdefe"
653
Sh`hshbmdf} cdcidkjsæ`dmf}
H}mfikbf) Gk}ä Ixd} ,3??5$) ’Shmkb}usxmmdýb eh if hubdmdefe t usfb}`ksnfmdk. mkbuhbmdk}k}7 }k}7 sxs fidef fidefe e t bh} }kmdfih}„) hb7 F" Skul ]hbh`` ,he"$) Shmxs}k} mkbuhbmdk sh`ksnf} idchsfih} hb Nä|dmk) Wfnksf7 Hi Mkihjdk eh Ndmlkfmæb" Eh if _höf) Jxdiihsnk ,64<0$) ’_kehs ikmfi) pkehs shjdkbfi7 phs}phmudf} }k. mdkfbuskpkiýjdmf}„) hb7 _fexf t Pfbbhpl) _kehs ikmfi) pkehs shjdkbfi) Nä|dmk7 MKINH\.MHNMF" [[[ ,6444$) ’Uhssduksdk t mdxefefbîf äubdmf hb if bfmdýb jikcfidwfef„) hb shd}uf Eh}fmfuk}) b÷n" 6) psdnfhsf eh 6444) Nä|dmk7 MDH]F]" fixh) fbe mkiihmud. @hsst) Hidwfchul Hnnf ,3??8$) Bku kxs} fikbh" _fusdnkbt) fixh) dut db mkbuhnpksfst Nh|dmk" Bxhf Tksa7 Xbdhs}dut k` Mkixncdf" Dbhbudkb k` Usf ed. Lkc}cfzn) Hsdm fbe Sfbjhs) Uhshbmh ,hedu}"$ ,64<=$) Ulh Dbhbudkb udkb" Mfncsdejh) Bxhf Tksa t Nhickxsbh7 Mfncsdejh Xbdhs}dut _sh}}" iduhsfuxsf"" Cfsmhikbf) H}pföf7 Heduk. Zdiidfn}) Sftnkbe ,64::$ Nfs|d}nk t iduhsfuxsf sdfi _hbîb}xif" [[[ ,6445$) Lfmdf xbf }kmdkikjîf eh if mxiuxsf) Cfsmhikbf) H}pföf7 _fdeý}" Zki`) Hsdm ,3??6$ _fulzf t} k` pkzhs) cxdiedbj fb f bulskpkik bulskpkikjt jt k` ulh nkehsb zksie) Chsahiht7 Xbdhs}dut k` Mfid`ksbdf _sh}}"
65=
]kcsh ik} fxuksh}
Cifbmf Csfncdif Nhesfbk H}uxedý if idmhbmdfuxsf hb ihusf} ld}pfbkfnhsdmfbf} hb if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxf. efifgfsf ,64<3.64<0$" _sk`h}ksf eh iduhsfuxsf xbdhs}fi) f bdhi cfmldiihsfuk) hb if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf) eh 64<8 f 6444" Lf uknfek mxs}k} eh psknk. mdýb t fbdnfmdýb mxiuxsfi t eh ihmuxsf1 hbush hiik}7 hi Edpiknfek hb _sknkmdýb Mxiuxsfi) pks if Xbdhs}defe eh Mkidnf t hi MKBFMXIUF ,644=.6445$" @xh mkks. edbfeksf eh if Mf}f ]fifeks Hmlffssîf Hmlffssîf) phsuhbhmdhbuh f if Mkks. edbfmdýb eh _sknkmdýb t Ed`x}dýb Mxiuxsfi eh if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf ,644:.3??=$" Lf pxcidmfek fsuîmxik} h}phmdfidwfek} }kcsh jh}udýb mxiuxsfi t fbdnfmdýb f if ihmuxsf hb edhs}f} pxcidmfmdkbh} ikmfih} t bfmdkbfih}" @ksný pfsuh eh if nh}f `xbefeksf eh if F}kmdfmdýb Nh|dmfbf eh _sknkuksh} eh Ihmux. sf ,644:.644<$" @ksný pfsuh ehi mxhspk fmfeändmk ehi Mhbusk Xbdhs}dufsdk eh Fsuh) Fsvxduhmuxsf t Ed}hök eh if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf" Fmuxfinhbuh h} psk`h}ksf dbh}udjfeksf fe}msduf fi Db}uduxuk eh Jh}udýb ehi Mkbkmdndhbuk t ehi Fpshbedwfgh hb Fncdhbuh} Pdsuxfih} ehi ]d}uhnf eh Xbdhs}defe Pdsuxfi eh if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf" ,ccsfncdiOxejdsuxfi"xej"n|$" ,ccsfncdiOxejdsuxfi"xej"n|$"
658
Gksjh F" Jkbwæihw ]æbmlhw Ndhncsk ehi ]d}uhnf Bfmdkbfi eh Dbh}udjfeksh}) eh 64<: f if `hmlf ,bdhi DDD$" @xbeý t mkksedbý exsfbuh 60 fök} hi _skjsfnf Mxiuxsf hb if Xbdhs}defe eh Mk. idnf" Mk`xbefeks eh if She eh Dbh}udjfmdýb t Mknxbdmfmdýb Mknpihgf ,SDMM$" Mkksedbf hi Ifcksfuksdk eh Mknxbdmfmdýb Mknpihgf eh if Xbdhs}defe Dch. skfnhsdmfbf) hb if mdxefe eh Nä|dmk" Edshmuks eh H}uxedk} }kcsh if} Mxiuxsf} Mkbuhnpksæbhf} eh}eh 64<8" @xh ndhncsk ehi Mknduä Hghmxudk eh if F}kmdf. mdýb Dbuhsbfmdkbfi eh ]kmdkikjîf) eh 6445 fi 3??3" _xcidmý) hb 644<) If mk`sfeîf eh if} hnkmdkbh} ,db$uhsndbfcih}" Ndsf. ef} f if} uhihbkhif} hb Nä|dmk) Nä|dmk) pks if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf1 f stbh} ehi 3??6) ’Mxiuxsfi `skbu}7 ukzfse} f edfikjdmfi xbehs}ufbedbj k` mkbuhnpksfst mxiuxsh}„) hb Gfnh} Ixii ,he"$ Mxiuxsh db ulh mknnxbdmfudkb fjh) Ikbekb7 Skxuihejh1 hb hi 3??=7 Mxiuxsf,}$ t mdchsmxiuxsO,}$" Dbmxs}dkbh} bk idbhfih} hbush mknxbdmfmdýb t mknpih mknpihgdefe) gdefe) XDF1 hb hi 3??07 Mdchsmxiu MdchsmxiuxsO xsO h dbdmdfmdýb hb if dbh}udjfmdýb) MKBFMXIUF.DNM.MHDDML" ]h hbmxhbusfb hb pshpfsfmdýb) hb mxiuxsf ih} t }x} p÷cidmk} hb hb Nä|dmk) Nä|dmk) uhksîf pshb}f7 If `ksnf mdýb eh if} k`hsuf} mxiuxsfih} t nhukekikjîf1 t }x hedmdýb ehi idcsk Eh ld}uksdf} ld}uksdf} mkb ndb÷}mxif} t kstmdk} `fnd. idfsh} hb Mkidnf" Xbf ndsfef `sfmufi pfsf hbuhbehs hi }djik \\"
Usfcfgf fmuxfinhbuh hb pskthmuk} eh dbh}udjfmdýb t eh}fsskiik , D!E$ eh }dncýidmf} dmf} eh Nä|dmk t Fnäsdmf Ifudbf" Hb hi mdchsmxiuxsf eh}eh if} hmkikjîf} }dncýi 3??3 shmdcdý if Udbahs _sk`h}}ks}ldp) hb if Xbdhs}defe eh Uh|f}) hb Fx}udb" Uhsndbý shmdhbuhnhbuh xb h}uxedk }kcsh hi mfnpk eh pskexmmdýb fsuî}udmf hb Nä|dmk t if} pkiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" ,uwkiadb5O}hsdeks"xbfn"n|$"
650
Ý}mfs Nd}fhi Lhsbæbehw Lhsbæbehw H| db}usxmuks mknxbdufsdk t mfpfmdufeks uxuks ehi Mkb}hgk Bfmdkbfi eh @knhbuk Hexmfudk hb Ufnfxidpf}" ]kmdýikjk) hjsh}fek eh if Xbdhs}defe Fxuýbknf eh Ufnfxidpf}" Jfbý hi _shndk Xbdhs}dufsdk 3??= ’Idm" Bfuddefe Jfswf Ihfi„ f uh}d} eh idmhbmdfuxsf eh mfidefe) hb hi æshf eh Mdhbmdf} ]kmdfih} t Lxnfbdefeh}" Fmuxfinhbuh mxs}f hi Ekmuksfek hb Fbuskpkikjîf ]kmdfi hb Hi Mkihjdk eh Nd. mlkfmæb" Lf shfidwfek t pxcidmfek fijxbk} h}uxedk} }kcsh nhbksh} db`sfmuksh}) dkihbmdf dbusf`fndidfs t shifmdkbh} eh jäbhsk hb Ufnfxidpf}) f}î mknk h}uxedk} }kcsh pskmh}k} ld}uýsdmk}) mxiuxsf t nf}mxidbdefeh}" Shmdhbuhnhbuh shmdcdý hi _shndk H}ufufi eh if Gxhbuxe 3??0 hb Ufnfxidpf}) hb if mfuhjksîf Gxhbuxe Sxsfi"
Ixd} Jfcsdhi Lhsbæbehw Pfihbmdf Chmfsdk ehi MKBFMTU hb hi pk}jsfek hb Fbuskpkikjîf ]kmdfi 3??8.3?6?) hb Hi Mkihjdk eh Ndmlkfmæb" Idmhbmdfek hb Mknxbdmfmdýb ]kmdfi pks if Xbdhs}defe eh Mkidnf" Lf shfidwfek mxs}k} hb jh}udýb mxiuxsfi h dbh}udjfmdýb }kmdfi" ]x usfcfgk lf h}ufek dbmxifek mkb if mxiuxsf pkpxifs t if nhnksdf ld}uýsdmf1 fm. uxfinhbuh) hb`kmfek hb jsxpk} dbeîjhbf} hb Gfid}mk" Hbush }x} pxcidmfmdkbh} h}uæb If mkmdbf eh Ux|pfb) Gfid}mk ,3??:$ h Dehbudefeh} hb sth}uf ,3??5$"
65:
Gk}ä Ixd} Nfsd}mfi Kskwmk Idmhbmdfek hb ]kmdkikjîf) nfh}usk hb Fbuskpkikjîf ]kmdfi t ekmuksfbuh hb Fbusk. pkikjîf hb hi Mkihjdk eh Ndmlkfmæb" Hjsh}fek eh ik} edpiknfek} hb Fbdnfmdýb Mxiuxsfi ,XEJ"+ MKBFMXIUF+ @KNH]$ t Uämbdmf} eh dbh}udjfmdýb hb }kmdhefe) mxiuxsf t mknxbdmfmdýb ,X" eh J"+ X" eh Mki"$" @xh f}h}ks phefjýjdmk t hfixf. eks ehi edpiknfek hb Jh}udýb eh _skthmuk} Mxiuxsfih} eh if X" eh J") hbush 644< t 3???" @xh mkksedbfeks ehi pskthmuk Fsmldk eh Ld}uksdf t Usfedmdýb Ksfi eh Ux|. pfb) Gfid}mk) hb 644< ,]HN]) XEJ"$" Usfcfgý hb hi Nx}hk ehi _shndk Bfmdkbfi eh if Mhsændmf ’_fbufihýb _fbehsk„) mknk psknkuks mxiuxsfi h dbh}udjfeks ,644<.3??3$" H} db}usxmuks ehi }d}uhnf bfmdkbfi eh mfpfmdufmdýb mxiuxsfi ehi MK. BFMXIUF) dnpfsudhbek mxs}k} hb edhs}k} pskjsfnf} eh `ksnfmdýb eh jh}uksh} mxiuxsfih} ehi pfî}" ]x} dbh}udjfmdkbh} t pxcidmfmdkbh} lfb }dek hb hi æncduk eh if mxiuxsf pk. pxifs t if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi" Fmuxfinhbuh h} psk`h}ks dbh}udjfeks ehi Db}uduxuk eh Jh}udýb ehi Mkbkmdndhbuk t ehi Fpshbedwfgh hb Fncdhbuh} Pdsuxfih} ehi ]d}uhnf eh Xbdhs}defe Pdsuxfi eh if Xbdhs}defe eh Jxfefifgfsf ,nfsd}mfiOxejdsuxfi" xej"n|$"
65<
_sýikjk
Kusk} uîuxik} eh if mkihmmdýb XEJ Pdsuxfi
If jh}udýb eh if} bxhf} ksjfbdwfmdkbh} dsuxfih}7 ’Xb ehpksuh h|ushnk„
Fbbh Nfsshm ]dhuh h}usfuhjdf} nhukekiýjdmf} pfsf if dbh}udjfmdýb hb if dsuxfidefe
Nfsîf Hihbf Mlfb B÷öhw ,mknpdifeksf$ Hexmfmdýb) h}ufbef h}ufbefsdwfmdýb sdwfmdýb t uhmbk uhmbkikjîf" ikjîf" Mkbusf edmmdk edmmdkbh} bh} t uhbehbmdf}
Nfsuîb _f}uks Fbjxik Dbh}udjfmdýb eh if hexmfmdýb dsuxfi" Xb hghsmdmdk eh mkb}usxmmdýb nhuk. ekiýjdmf
Nfsîf Hihbf Mlfb B÷öhw _skmh}k} hexmfudk} t eh dbh}udjfmdýb hb if dsuxfidefe
]fsf Mfufidbf Lhsbæbehw Jfiifsek ,mknp"$ Hexmfmdýb hb she" Xbf d}dýb hnfbmdpfeksf pfsf if `ksnfmdýb
Nfsjfsduf Pdmuksdf Jknhw Bxhk} sxnck} pfsf if hexmfmdýb" Mxfbek if} cshmlf} }h xhihb mfndbk}
Nfbxhi Nkshbk Mf}uföhef
654
Nkehik nhedfmdkbfi nhedfmdkbfi pfsf pf sf hi ed}hök hexmfudk hexmfudk hb hbuksbk} edjdufih}
Nf" Hihbf Mlfb B÷öhw If hexmfmdýb }xphsdks f ed}ufbmdf" Hbuksbk} eh fpshbedwfgh hb she
Æbjhi Ukssh} Phifbedf If h|mix}dýb eh if h}phsfbwf" Xb }d}uhnf }d}uhnf hexmfudk eh}hsuks
Ikxseh} Cxhbk Nfmîf} Nxbedfidwfmdýb t hexmfmdýb7 shffih|dkbh h|dkbh}} jhbhsfih} jhbhsf ih} t phs}kbfih}
Jf}uýb Ndfifshu Kcghuk} eh fpshbedwfgh" @ksnfmdýb eh fxuksh} mkb hi nkehik sheh} eh kcghuk}
Gk}ä Bffssk Mhbehgf} t Ixd} @hsbfbek Sfnîshw Fbftf
_kiîudmf} mxiuxsfih}" Xbf shd}dýb eh}eh if jh}udýb mxiuxsfi }h u hsndbý eh dnpsdnds hb bkdhncsh eh 3??: hb Jsxpk Jsæstmk eh Kmmdehbuh) Ckxihfse eh ik} Mlfssk} 0<<) Wfpkpfb) Gfid}mk) Nä|dmk"
Hedmdýb7 Fbjhidbf Pfiiîb Jfiihjk}1 mkksedbfmdýb eh pskexmmdýb7 @sfbmd}mk Mxhiifs Lhsbæbehw1 mksshmmdýb eh h}udik7 Gxfb _hesk Nxsxhuf Fieshuh1 ed}hök t edfjsfnfmdýb7 Dihfbf Nfsuîbhw Mf}udiik1 kcsf eh pksufef7 K" Jkbwæihw Uhssfwf}) uîuxik7 Ndsk ik} eh}dhsuk}) uämbdf7 fsuh kcghuk) nhedef}7 =? | =? mn" < mn" eh `kbek"
