Plum Island Lyme Disease and Operation Paperclip a Deadly Triangle

Plum Island, Lyme Disease And Operation Paperclip A Deadly Triangle From Patricia Doyle, PhD [email protected] 8-21-5 Hello, Jeff - This is a e!cellet historical doc"metatio of Pl"m #slad$s history e%e &efore it &ecame the '(D) Pl"m #slad. The history *oes  &ac+ to operatio paperclip ad to P/0 tic+ research o Pl"m #slad #slad dati* &ac+ to the 15s. Pl"m #slad also 3or+ed 3ith loe star tic+s. ...# 3odered ho3 loe star tic+s from Te!as 3o"ld *et to my &ac+yard i 04. The tic+s had some help, i.e. *erm scietists...ad Pl"m #slad. Patricia Doyle FT68 http7333.spitfirelist.comf68.html Plum Island, Lyme Disease and the Erich Traub File 9e :-mi"te se*met; 9(o"rces are oted i paretheses.; 9ecorded o 1:26.;

 0ote7 FT$s 2<-:1<, :1=, :1=, :26, FT:25 ad s"cceedi* s"cceedi* pro*rams are streami* o eal )"dio at 333.3fm".or*da%eemory. FT$s 1-2=, :1<-:26 are a%aila&le for do3load oly, also o eal )"dio, o their )rchi%e Pa*e.;  0ote7 'sers of this 3e& site are emphatically eco"ra*ed to create a 3ord doc"met o"t of the pro*ram descriptios ad do a >search> o idi%id"al s"&?ects i order to more completely referece those items.  0ote7 'sers of this 3e& site 9as 3ell as the t3o FA' 3e& addresses oted oted a&o%e; are emphatically eco"ra*ed to "se the iteret to dissemiate as m"ch of the a"dio ad prited material as possi&le. #t is all F//B  0ote7 #t is recommeded that that listeers prit the pro*ram descriptios descriptios for

optim"m reada&ility. #t is emphatically eco"ra*ed that listeers "se the  prited files o the (pitfire (pitfire 3e& site ad the a"dio files o the the FA' 3e& sites to create their o3 researchteachi* re searchteachi* data&ases. ("mmary of FT68-90ote7 The massi%e %ol"me of >For The ecord>  pro*rams a&o"t 11 ad related related topics is s"mmariCed ad aalyCed aalyCed i the  periodically-"pdated descriptio descriptio for FT:1. FT$s 656, 656, 655, 65< are compilatios of m"ch of the +ey doc"metatio c"lled from Ar. /mory$s i%esti*atio ito 11. )lo* 3ith FT:1, they sho"ld *i%e listeersreaders a s"&stati%e *rasp of this mometo"s e%et. #t is recommeded that listeers "se this descriptio ad e-mail it to others. )lso7 The &oo+ >Aarti orma7 0aCi i /!ile> is a%aila&le at )&o"t Pa"l Aai*. # additio, the professioal history of the late Pa"l Aai*, the  &oo+$s a"thor, is preseted i the descriptio )&o"t Pa"l Aai*. This ea&les listeers to acE"ait others 3ith Ar. Aai*$s ?o"ralistic credetials. ey material from the &oo+ is syopsiCed i a e!teded descriptio for FT:5. 'derstadi* the orma or*aiCatio is essetial to comprehedi* the cocept of >the 'der*ro"d eich.> 0ote also that '.(. Go%ermet doc"mets pro%i* Prescott "sh (r.$s Aoeya"deri* o &ehalf of the Third eich &efore ad after orld ar ## are a%aila&le at a li+ed 3e&site, alo* 3ith commetary &y Joh "chaa, 3ho located the doc"metatio. This material is disc"ssed i FT6:5. The 3e&site cotaii* the doc"mets is 333.de&atecomics.or*"shFamilyFort"e 333.de&atecomics.or*"s hFamilyFort"e .; # the mid-1=$s yme Disease &ro+e o"t i Ioectic"t ad it has sice spread thro"*h m"ch of the 'ited (tates. This pro*ram e!amies the possi&ility that yme Disease may ha%e spread as a res"lt of cladestie e!perimetatio o &iolo*ical 3arfare o Pl"m #slad-a Departmet of )*ric"lt"re facility that do"&led as a )rmy  research facility. Dedicated to the st"dy of aimal diseases, Pl"m #slad appears to ha%e &ee the site of e!perimets 3ith diseaseifected tic+s cod"cted &y 0aCi scietists &ro"*ht ito the 'ited (tates "der Pro?ect Paperclip. e of the 0aCi scietists 3ho appears to ha%e  &ee i%ol%ed 3ith Pl"m Pl"m #slad 3as Dr. /rich Tra"&, 3ho 3as i char*e of the Third eich$s %irolo*ical ad &acteriolo*ical 3arfare pro*ram i orld ar ##. as Tra"& i%ol%ed 3ith e!perimets that led to the spread of yme Disease Pro*ram Hi*hli*hts #cl"de7 /!amiatio of Tra"&$s st"dies i the '( prior to orld ar ##K Tra"&$s pro-0aCi acti%ities iside the '( &efore the 3arK Joh oft"s$ disco%ery of refereces i the 0atioal )rchi%es to 0aCi scietists e!perimeti* 3ith diseased tic+s o Pl"m #sladK yme Disease acti%ist (te%e 0ostr"m$s disco%ery of oft"s$ fidi*s ad his 3or+ i%esti*ati* Pl"m #sladK Details of Tra"&$s i%ol%emet 3ith Pl"m #sladK

files a&o"t Tic+ esearch ad /rich Tra"& that ha%e &ee p"r*edK (cietific )merica$s dismissal of the Pl"m #sladTra"&Paperclipyme Disease li+K the 0aCi herita*e of the o HoltC&ric+ firm-3hich o3s (cietific )mericaK Pl"m #slad e!perimetatio 3ith the disease-carryi* >oe (tar Tic+>K the fact that the oe (tar Tic+-ati%e to Te!as-has someho3 spread to 0e3 4or+, 0e3 Jersey ad Ioectic"tB 1. # order to "derstad ho3 /rich Tra"& came to the 'ited (tates, it is importat to "derstad Pro?ect P)P/I#P. The pro*ram &e*is 3ith a syoptic acco"t of that pro?ect ad ho3 its prosec"tio led to Tra"&$s etry to the 'ited (tates ad his i%ol%emet 3ith Pl"m #slad7 >0eari* the ed of orld ar ##, the 'ited (tates ad the (o%iet 'io raced to recr"it Germa scietists for post3ar p"rposes. 'der a top-secret pro*ram codeamed Pro?ect P)P/I#P, the '.(. military p"rs"ed 0aCi scietific talet $li+e for&idde fr"it,$ &ri*i* them to )merica "der employmet cotracts ad offeri* them f"ll '.(. citiCeship. The recr"its 3ere s"pposed to &e omial participats i 0aCi acti%ities. "t the Cealo"s military recr"ited more tha t3o tho"sad scietists, may of 3hom had dar+ 0aCi party  pasts.> 9a& 25=7 the Dist"r&i* Dist"r&i* (tory of the Go%ermet$s Go%ermet$s (ecret Pl"m #slad Germ a&oratoryK &y Aichael Ihristopher IarrollK Iopyri*ht 26  &y Aichael Ihristopher IarrollK IarrollK HarperIollis LHIMK p. =.; 2. >)merica scietists %ie3ed these Germas as peers, ad E"ic+ly for*ot they 3ere o opposite sides of a *hastly *lo&al 3ar i 3hich millios  perished. Feari* &r"tal retaliatio retaliatio from the (o%iets for the 0aCis$ 0aCis$ %icio"s treatmet of them, some scietists cooperated 3ith the )mericas to ear amesty. thers played the t3o atios off each other to *et the &est fiacial deal i e!cha*e for their ser%ices. Dr. /rich Tra"& 3as tro"&li* o the (o%iet side of the #ro I"rtai after the 3ar, ad ordered to research *erm 3arfare %ir"ses for the "ssias. He p"lled off a dari* escape 3ith his family to est erli i 16. )pplyi* ) pplyi* for Pro?ect Paperclip employmet, Tra"& affirmed he 3ated to $do scietific 3or+ i the '.(.).,  &ecome a )merica citiCe, ad &e protected protected from "ssia reprisals.$> 9#dem.; :. The pro*ram sets forth Tra"&$s 3or+ for the Third eich7 >)s la& chief of #sel iems-a secret 0aCi &iolo*ical 3arfare la&oratory o a crescetshaped islad estled i the altic (ea-Tra"& 3or+ed 3 or+ed directly for )dolf Hitler$s secod-i-char*e, (( eichsf"ehrer Heirich Himmler, o li%e *erm trials. . . .> 9#&id.K pp. =-8.; 6. Tra"& had st"died i the 'ited (tates &efore the 3ar 9at the oc+efeller #stit"te; ad had &ee i%ol%ed i 0aCi acti%ities iside the '.(. prior to 1: 9the o"t&rea+ of orld ar ##;. > . . . Tra"& also listed his 1:$s

mem&ership i )meri+a-De"tscher ol+s&"d, a Germa-)merica $cl"&$ also +o3 as Iamp (i*fried. J"st thirty miles 3est of Pl"m #slad i 4apha+, o* #slad, Iamp (i*fried 3as the atioal headE"arters of the )merica 0aCi mo%emet. . . .#roically, Tra"& spet the pre3ar period of his scietific career o a fello3ship at the oc+efeller #stit"te i Priceto,  0e3 Jersey, perfecti* his s+ills i %ir"ses ad &acteria "der the t"tela*e t"tela*e of )merica e!perts &efore ret"ri* to 0aCi Germay o the e%e of 3ar. Despite Tra"&$s tro"&li* 3ar record, the '.(. 0a%y recr"ited him for its scietific desi*s, ad statioed him at the 0a%al Aedical esearch #stit"te i ethesda, Aarylad.> 9#&id.K p. 8.; 5. 0omially "der the ?"risdictio of the '(D) 9Departmet 9D epartmet of )*ric"lt"re;, Pl"m #slad 3as also "sed for military &iolo*ical 3arfare research o aimal diseases. # that re*ard, it 3as i%ol%ed 3ith Fort Dietric+, the )rmy$s top chemical ad &iolo*ical 3arfare facility. 0ote that Tra"& 3as at the fo"datio of the Pl"m #slad&iolo*ical 3arfare e!"s. >J"st moths ito his P)P/I#P cotract, the *erm 3arriors of Fort Detric+, the )rmy$s &iolo*ical 3arfare headE"arters, i Frederic+, Aarylad, ad I#) operati%es i%ited Tra"& i for a tal+, later reported i a declassified top-secret s"mmary7 Dr. Tra"& is a oted a"thority o %ir"ses ad diseases i Germay ad /"rope. This iterro*atio re%ealed m"ch iformatio of %al"e to the aimal disease pro*ram from a iolo*ical arfare poit of %ie3. Dr. Tra"& disc"ssed 3or+ doe at a Germa aimal disease statio d"ri* orld ar ## ad s"&seE"et to the 3ar 3he the statio 3as "der "ssia cotrol.$ Tra"&$s detailed e!plaatio of the secret operatio o #sel iems, ad his acti%ities there d"ri* the 3ar ad for the (o%iets, laid the *ro"d 3or+ for Fort Detric+$s offshore *erm 3arfare aimal diseased la& o Pl"m #slad. Tra"& 3as a fo"di* father. . . .> 9#&id.K pp. 8-.; <. #t is iteresti* to ote that the Third eich$s &iolo*ical 3arfare pro*ram had the co%er ame of >Iacer esearch Pro*ram.> 9# F)1<-a%aila&le from (pitfire-as 3ell as FT$s 1<, =:, 3e loo+ at the 0atioal Iacer #stit"te$s (pecial iral Iacer esearch Pro*ram ad the e%idece s"**esti* that the pro?ect 3as act"ally a frot for the coti"atio of  &iolo*ical 3arfare research. /rich Tra"& appears to ha%e &ee i%ol%ed 3ith the pro?ects related to the (IP.; > . . . /%ery&ody seemed see med 3illi* to for*et a&o"t /rich Tra"&$s dirty past-that he played a cr"cial role i the  0aCis$ $Iacer esearch Pro*ram,$ the co%er ame ame for their &iolo*ical 3arfare pro*ram, ad that he 3or+ed directly "der (( eichsf"hrer Heirich Himmler. They seemed 3illi* to o%erloo+ that Tra"& i the 1:$s faithf"lly atteded Iamp (i*fried. # fact, the '(D) li+ed him so m"ch, it *lossed o%er his d"&io"s past ad offered him the top scietist ?o&

at the e3 Pl"m #slad a&oratory-ot oce, &"t t3ice. J"st moths after the 152 p"&lic heari*s o selecti* Pl"m #slad, Doc (haha dialed Dr. Tra"& at the a%al la&oratory to disc"ss plas for esta&lishi* the *erm la&oratory ad a positio o Pl"m #slad.> 9#&id.K p. 1.; =. Aore a&o"t ho3 Tra"& came to &e i a si*ificat positio at Pl"m #slad. >(i! years later-ad oly t3o years after Tra"& sE"irmed i his seat at the Pl"m #slad dedicatio ceremoies-seior scietist Dr. Jaco& Tra"m retired. The '(D) eeded someoe of $o"tstadi* cali&er, 3ith a lo* esta&lished rep"tatio, iteratioally as 3ell as atioally,$ to fill Dr. Tra"m$s shoes. "t someho3 it co"ld$t fid a s"ita&le )merica. $)s a last resort it is o3 proposed that a forei*er &e employed.$ The a**ies$ choice /rich Tra"&, 3ho 3as i their %ie3 $the most desira&le cadidate from ay so"rce.$ The 158 secret '(D) memorad"m $J"stificatio for /mploymet of Dr. /rich Tra"&$ co%eietly omitted his orld ar ## acti%itiesK &"t it did emphasiCe that $his ori*iality, scietific a&ilities, ad *eeral competece as a i%esti*ator$ 3ere de%eloped at a t the oc+efeller #stit"te i 0e3 Jersey i the 1:$s.> 9#dem.; 8. The p"sh to employ Tra"& as the director of Pl"m #slad i%ol%ed  professioal recommedatios recommedatios that omitted his 3or+ for the the Third eich7 >The letters s"pporti* Tra"& to lead Pl"m #slad came i from fello3 Pl"m #slad fo"ders. $# hope that e%ery effort 3ill &e made to *et him. He has had lo* ad prod"cti%e e!periece i &oth pre3ar ad post3ar Germay,$ said Dr. illiam Ha*a, dea of the Iorell 'i%ersity %eteriary school, caref"lly dispesi* 3ith his 3artime acti%ities. The fial 3ord came from his dear )merica fried ad old oc+efeller #stit"te &oss Dr. ichard (hope, 3ho descri&ed Tra"& as $caref"l, $care f"l, s+ill, prod"cti%e ad %ery ori*ial$ ad $oe of this 3orld$s most o"tstadi* %irolo*ists.$ (hope$s sole referece to Tra"& at 3ar7 $D"ri* the 3ar he 3as i Germay ser%i* i the Germa )rmy.$> 9#dem.; . Tra"& declied the offer to lead the la&. There is cosidera&le e%idece that he 3as i%ol%ed 3ith &iolo*ical 3arfare research at Pl"m #slad. >Declii* the '(D)$s offer, Tra"& coti"ed his directorship of the T"&i*e la&oratory i est Germay, tho"*h he %isited Pl"m #slad freE"etly. # 1<, he 3as forced to resi* as T"&i*e$s director "der a dar+ clo"d of fiacial em&eCClemet. Tra"& coti"ed c oti"ed sporadic la& research for aother three years, ad the left T"&i*e for *ood--a scadalo"s ed to a chec+ered career. # the late 1=$s, the esteemed %irolo*ist Dr. o&ert (hope, o &"siess i A"ich, paid his father ichard$s old oc+efeller #stit"te disciple a %isit. The *erm 3arrior had  &ee i early retiremet for a&o"t a decade &y the. $# had dier 3ith Tra"&

oe day-o"t of old time$s sa+e-ad he 3as a pretty defeated ma &y the.$  Aay 18, 185, the 0aCis$ %ir"s 3arrior Dr. /rich Tra"& died "e!pectedly i his sleep i est Germay. G ermay. He 3as se%ety-ei*ht years old.> 9#&id.K pp. 1-11.; 1. >) &iolo*ical 3arfare merceary 3ho 3or+ed "der three fla*s-0aCi Germay, the (o%iet 'io, ad the 'ited(tates-Tra"& 3as e%er i%esti*ated for 3ar crimes. He escaped ay iE"iry ito his 3artime past. The f"ll e!tet of his sordid edea%ors 3et 3ith him to his *ra%e. hile )merica &ro"*ht a hadf"l of 0aCi 3ar crimials to ?"stice, it safe*"arded may others i e!cha*e for %erses to the e3 state reli*io-moder sciece ad espioa*e. ecords detaili* a fractio of /ric Tra"&$s acti%ities are o3 a%aila&le to the p"&lic, &"t most are 3ithheld &y )rmy itelli*ece ad the I#) o *ro"ds of atioal  atioal sec"rity. "t there$s eo"*h of a *limpse to dra3 E"ite a s+etch.> 9#&id.K p. 11.; 11. ) importat chapter i the story of ho3 the iE"iry ito the possi&le li+ &et3ee Pl"m #slad, /rich Tra"&$s 3or+ o &ehalf of the '( ad the spread of yme Disease cocers the 3or+ of former J"stice Departmet  prosec"tor Joh oft"s. # his his &oo+ The elar"s (ecret, oft"s referred to 3or+ doe o Pl"m #slad i the early 15$s i 3hich 0aCi scietists 3ere e!perimeti* o diseased tic+s. Ai*ht that ha%e referred to Tra"&B > . . . )ttorey Joh oft"s 3as hired i 1= &y the ffice of (pecial #%esti*atios, a "it set "p &y the J"stice Departmet to e!pose 0aCi 3ar crimes ad "earth 0aCis hidi* i the 'ited (tates. Gi%e top-secret clearace to re%ie3 files that had &ee sealed for thirty-fi%e years, oft"s fo"d a treas"re tro%e of iformatio o )merica$s post3ar 0aCi recr"iti*. # 182, p"&licly challe*i* the *o%ermet$s complacecy 3ith the 3ro*doi*, he told < mi"tes that top 0aCi officers had &ee protected ad har&ored i )merica &y the I#) ad the (tate Departmet. $They *ot the /mmy )3ard,$ oft"s 3rote. $Ay family *ot the death threats.$> 9#&id.K  p. 1:.; 12. >ld spies reached o"t to him after the p"&licatio of his &oo+, The elar"s (ecret, eco"ra*ed that he-"li+e other a"thors-s"&mitted his ma"script to the *o%ermet, a*reei* to cesor portios to protect atioal sec"rity. The spoo+s *a%e him copies of secret doc"mets ad told him stories of cladestie operatios. From these leads, oft"s ferreted o"t the d"&io"s 0aCi past of )"stria presidet ad '.0. secretary *eeral "rt aldheim. oft"s re%ealed that d"ri* orld ar ##, aldheim had &ee a officer i a Germa )rmy "it that committed atrocities i 4"*osla%ia. ) dis*raced "rt aldheim faded from the iteratioal scee soo thereafter.> 9#dem.;

1:. ># the preface of The elar"s (ecret, oft"s laid o"t a stri+i* piece of iformatio *leaed from his spy et3or+7 $/%e more dist"r&i* are the records of the 0aCi *erm 3arfare scietists 3ho came to )merica. They e!perimeted 3ith poiso tic+s dropped from plaes to spread rare diseases. # ha%e recei%ed some iformatio s"**esti* that the '.(. tested some of these poiso tic+s o the Pl"m #slad artillery ra*e off the coast of Ioectic"t d"ri* the early 15$s. . . .Aost of the *erm 3arfare records ha%e &ee shredded, &"t there is a top secret '.(. doc"met cofirmi* that $cladestie attac+s o crops ad aimals$ too+ place at this time.> 9#dem.; 16. Aore pieces of e%idece o the tataliCi* trail of e%idece poiti* to a  possi&le Pl"m #sladTra"&yme #sladTra"&yme disease li+7 >/rich >/rich Tra"& had &ee 3or+i* for the )merica &iolo*ical 3arfare pro*ram from his 16 (o%iet escape "til 15:. e +o3 he cos"lted 3ith Fort Dietric+ scietists ad I#) operati%esK that he 3or+ed for the '(D) for a &rief stitK ad that he spo+e re*"larly 3ith Pl"m #slad director Doc (haha i 152. Tra"& ca  &e physically placed o Pl"m Pl"m #slad at least three times-o dedicatio dedicatio day i 15< ad t3o %isits, oce i 15= ad a*ai i the spri* of 158. (haha, 3ho eforced a "ltrastrict policy a*aist o"tside %isitors, each time recei%ed special clearace from the (tate Departmet to allo3 Tra"& o Pl"m #slad soil.> 9#&id.K p. 16.; 15. #f i fact Tra"& 3as i%ol%ed 3ith research o Pl"m #slad, this de%elopmet 3o"ld ha%e &ee cosistet 3ith pro*rams &ei* cod"cted at that time i%ol%i* e!perimetatio o "3itti* )merica citiCes 3ith  &iolo*ical ad chemical 3arfare research a*ets7 a*ets7 >esearch "earthed three '(D) files from the %a"lt of the 0atioal )rchi%es-t3o 3ere la&eled T#I /(/)IH ad a third /.T)'. )ll three folders 3ere empty. The ca+ed-o d"st cofirms the file &o!es had$t &ee ope sice the momet  &efore they 3ere taped sh"t i the 15$s. 15$s. Prepostero"s as it so"ds, so"ds, cladestie o"tdoor *erm 3arfare trials 3ere almost ro"tie d"ri* this  period. # 152, the Joit Ihiefs Ihiefs of (taff called for a $%i*oro"s, 3ell3ell plaed, lar*e-scale L&iolo*ical 3arfareM test test to the secretary of defese later that year stated, $(teps sho"ld &e ta+e to ma+e certai of adeE"ate facilities are a%aila&le, icl"di* those at Fort Detric+, D"*3ay Pro%i* Gro"d, Fort Terry 9Pl"m #slad; ad a islad field testi* area.$ as Pl"m #slad the islad field testi* area #deed, 3he the )rmy first sco"ted Pl"m #slad for its Iold ar desi*s, they charted 3id speeds ad directio ad fo"d that, m"ch to their li+i*, the pre%aili* 3ids &le3 o"t to sea.> 9#dem.; 1<. >e of the participati* $iterested a*ecies$ 3as the '(D), 3hich admittedly set "p lar*e plots of lad thro"*ho"t the Aid3est for air&ore

aticrop *erm spray tests. Fort Detric+$s (pecial peratios Di%isio ra $%"lera&ility tests$ i 3hich operati%es 3al+ed aro"d ashi*to, D.I., ad (a Fracisco 3ith s"itcases holdi* (erratia marcesces-a &acteria recommeded to Fort Detric+ &y Tra"&$s omial s"per%isor, 0aCi *erm cCar ad 0"rem&er* defedat Dr. "rt lome. Tiy perforatios allo3ed the *erms$ release so they co"ld trace the flo3 of the *erms thro"*h airports ad &"s termials. (hortly thereafter, ele%e elderly me ad 3ome chec+ed ito hospitals 3ith e%er-&efore-see (erratia marcesces ifectios. e patiet died. Decades later 3he the *erm tests 3ere disclosed, the )rmy deied resposi&ility. . . . # the s"mmer of 1<<, (pecial peratios me 3al+ed ito three 0e3 4or+ Iity s"&3ay statios ad tossed li*ht&"l&s filled acill"s s"&tilis, a &ei* &acteria, oto the trac+s. The s"&3ay trais p"shed the *erms thro"*h the etire system ad theoretically +illed o%er a millio passe*ers.> 9#dem.; 1=. >Tests 3ere also r" 3ith li%e, %ir"let, ati-aimal *erm a*ets. T3o ho*-cholera &om&s 3ere e!ploded at a altit"de of 1,5 feet o%er pi*pes set "p at /*li )ir Force ase i Florida. )d t"r+ey feathers laced 3ith  0e3castle disease %ir"s 3ere dropped o aimals aimals *raCi* o a 'i%ersity of iscosi farm.> 9#&id.K p. 15.; 18. >The )rmy e%er f"lly 3ithdre3 its *erm 3arfare efforts a*aist food aimals. T3o years after the )rmy *a%e Pl"m #slad to the '(D)-ad three years after it told Presidet /iseho3er it had eded all &iolo*ical & iolo*ical 3arfare a*aist food aimals-the Joit Ihiefs ad%ised that $research o atiaimal a*et-m"itio com&iatios sho"ld$ coti"e, as 3ell as $field testi* of ati-food a*et m"itio com&iatios. . . .$ # 0o%em&er 15=, military itelli*ece e!amied the elimiatio of the food s"pply of the (io-(o%iet loc, ri*ht do3 to the calories reE"ired for %ictory7 $# order to ha%e a crippli* effect o the ecoomy of the '((, the food ad aimal crop reso"rces of the '(( 3o"ld ha%e to &e dama*ed 3ithi a si*le *ro3i* seaso to the e!tet ecessary to red"ce the preset a%era*e daily caloric ita+e from 2,8 calories to 1,6 caloriesK i.e., the star%atio le%el. ed"ctio of food reso"rces to this le%el, if maitaied for t3el%e moths, 3o"ld prod"ce 2 percet fatalities, ad 3o"ld decrease ma"al la&or  performace &y 5 percet ad clerical ad li*ht li*ht la&or performace &y 8  percet.$ )t least si! o"tdoor o"tdoor stoc+yard tests occ"rred i 1<6-<5. (im"lats (im"lats 3ere sprayed ito stoc+yards i Fort orth, asas Iity, (t. Pa"l, (io"! Falls, ad maha i tests determii* ho3 m"ch foot-ad-mo"th disease %ir"s 3o"ld &e reE"ired to destroy the food s"pply.> 9#dem.; 1. >Had the )rmy commadeered Pl"m #slad for f or a o"tdoor trial Aay&e the '(D) let a had 3ith the trial, as it had doe o"t 3est &y f"rishi*

the lar*e test fields. )fter all, the Pl"m #slad a*reemet &et3ee the )rmy ad the '(D) allo3ed the )rmy to &orro3 the islad from the '(D) 3he ecessary ad i the atioal iterest.> 9#dem.; 2. ) former employee at Pl"m #slad i the 15$s has persoal pe rsoal recollectio of a >0aCi scietist> releasi* tic+s o"tdoors o Pl"m #slad. >Tra"& mi*ht ha%e moitored the tests. ) so"rce 3ho 3or+ed o Pl"m #slad i the 15$s recalls that aimal hadlers ad a scietist released tic+s o"tdoors o the islad. $They called him the 0aCi scietist, 3he they came i, i 151-they 3ere ioc"lati* these tic+s,$ ad a pict"re he oce sa3 $sho3s the aimal hadler poiti* to the area o Pl"m 3here they released the tic+s.$ Dr. Tra"&$s orld ar ## hadi3or+ cosisted of aerial %ir"s sprays de%eloped o #sel iems ad tested o%er occ"pied "ssia, ad of field 3or+ for Heirich Himmler i T"r+ey. #deed, his collea*"es cod"cted &"* trials &y droppi* li%e &eetles from plaes. ) o"tdoor tic+ trial 3o"ld ha%e &ee de ri*"e"r for /rich Tra"&.> 9#&id.K pp. 15-1<.; 21. 0e!t, the pro*ram sets forth the case of (te%e 0ostr"m-a early yme Disease %ictim 3hose readi* of oft"s$ &oo+ sp"rred him to &e*i iE"iri* a&o"t the Pl"m #sladTra"& coectio. >(ome&ody *a%e (te%e  0ostr"m a copy of Joh oft"s$s oft"s$s The elar"s (ecret at oe of his s"pport s"pport *ro"p meeti*s. (te%e had lo* s"spected that Pl"m #slad p layed a role i the e%ol"tio of yme disease, *i%e the at"re of its &"siess ad its  pro!imity to ld yme, yme, Ioectic"t. "t he e%er p"&licly p"&licly %oiced the h"ch, feari* a loss of credi&ilityK hard facts ad statistics eared him a rep"tatio as a leader i the yme disease field. 0o3 i his hads, he had a  &oo+ 3ritte &y a J"stice Departmet Departmet attorey 3ho ot oly had appeared o < Ai"tes &"t also had &ro"*ht do3 the secretary *eeral of the 'ited 0atios. 0ostr"m disclosed the possi&le Pl"m-yme coectio o his o3 tele%isio sho3. He i%ited local e3s reporter ad Pl"m #slad om&"dsma arl Grossma to help him e!plore the possi&ilities i li*ht of the islad$s &iolo*ical mishaps. )s+ed 3hy he 3rote a&o"t oft"s$s &oo+ i his 3ee+ly e3spaper col"m, Grossma says, $To let the theory rise or fall. To let the p"&lic cosider it. )d it seemed to me that the a"thor 3as a 0aCi h"ter ad a rep"ta&le attorey-this 3as ot tri%ial iformatio pro%ided Lad it 3as pro%idedM &y some relia&le perso.$> 9#dem.; 22. ># cto&er 15, 0ostr"m, fresh off "rsi* d"ty 9ha%i* eared a 0 de*ree to help yme disease patiets;, r"shed to a rare p"&lic meeti* held &y the '(D). # a 3hite "rse$s coat, stethoscope still aro"d his ec+,  0ostr"m rose. Trem&li*, his his &lod &eard o3 strea+ed 3ith *ray, *ray, he cl"tched his copy of The elar"s (ecret as he read the dami* passa*e o"t lo"d for the '(D) ad the p"&lic to hear. $# do$t +o3 3hether this is tr"e,$

he said, loo+i* at the dais. $#f it is tr"e, there m"st &e a i%esti*atio-if it$s ot tr"e, the Joh oft"s eeds to &e prosec"ted.$ People i the a"diece clapped, ad some 3ere astoished. ) fe3 *a3+ed, thi+i* he 3as "ts. Ho3 did the official '(D) officials react $#f stares co"ld +ill, # 3o"ld ha%e  &ee dead,$ remem&ers 0ostr"m.> 9#dem.; 2:. >Hidi* &ehid the same aloof %eil of secrecy they had employed for decades, the '(D) &raCely c"t him off. $There are those 3ho thi+ that little *ree me are hidi* o"t there,$ the officials respoded to 0ostr"m. $"t tr"st "s 3he 3e say there are o space alies ad o fi%e-le**ed co3s.$ ) fe3 la"*hs er"pted i the cro3d. $#t did othi* &"t detract from 3hat # 3as sayi*,$ says 0ostr"m. $"t # said it, ad # had the doc"metatio to s"pport it.$> 9#dem.; 26. The a"thor spec"lates a&o"t the deer ad &irds that %isited Pl"m #slad, ad the possi&ility that some of the ifected tic+s may 3ell ha%e tra%eled to the mailad from the islad o those %ectors. 9Iarroll e!plais that 3hitetailed deer re*"larly s3im the t3o miles to the islad to fora*e ad mi*rati* &irds stop o Pl"m #slad o their 3ay 0orth ad (o"th d"ri* their a"al mi*ratios.; > . . . #f Dr. Tra"& coti"ed his o"tdoor *erm e!perimets 3ith the )rmy ad e!perimeted 3ith tic+s o"tdoors, the tic+s 3o"ld ha%e made cotact 3ith mice, deer, ad more tha 16 species of 3ild &irds +o3 to freE"et ad est o Pl"m #slad. The &irds spread their to!ic car*o to resti* ad esti* perches atop the *reat elms ad oa+s of ld yme ad else3here, ?"st li+e they spread the est 0ile %ir"s thro"*ho"t the 'ited (tates.> 9#&id.K p. 21.; 25. )fter oti* that alle*atios of the disco%ery of & 9the &acteri"m that ca"ses yme Disease; i the late 16$s coicides 3ith Tra"&$s arri%al o the islad, the &roadcast sets forth the deials &y a '(D) spo+esperso that there 3as ay Tra"&Pl"m #slad li+ to the spread of the yme ifectio. 0ote that (cietific )merica dismissed the possi&ility of a >0aCi scietist> li+ to Pl"m #slad. # FT26-part of the lo* FT series a&o"t >Germa Iorporate Iotrol o%er )merica Aedia>--it 3as oted that the o HoltC&ric+ firm cotrols that ma*aCie. i+e its lar*er competitor ertelsma, the o HoltC&ric+ firm is rooted firmly i the Third eich. # FT22<, 3e e!amied the 0aCi herita*e of o HoltC&ric+ ad the  possi&ility that they they may employed the otorio"s otorio"s (( officer ad Goe&&els  protN*N erer 0a"ma. The possi&ility possi&ility that the o HoltC&ric+(cietific )merica li+ may ha%e had somethi* to do 3ith the ma*aCie$s cas"al dismissal of the Tra"&Pl"myme li+ is ot oe to  &e too readily dismissed. dismissed. >esearchers tryi* to pro%e that yme yme disease e!isted &efore 1=5 claim to ha%e isolated & Lthe &acteri"m that ca"ses the

ifectioM i tic+s collected o ear&y (helter #slad ad o* #slad i the late 16$s. That timi* coicides 3ith &oth /rich Tra"&$s arri%al i the 'ited (tates o Pro?ect P)P/I#P ad the )rmy$s selectio of Pl"m #slad as its offshore &iolo*ical 3arfare la&oratory. The '(D)$s spo+esperso, (ady Ailler Hays, is "co%iced a&o"t the possi&ility of a li+ &et3ee yme disease ad Pl"m #slad7 . . . ) P e!pert, Hays had (cietific )merica eati* o"t of her had i J"e 2, 3he they reported her as sayi*, $ $e still *et as+ed a&o"t the 0aCi scietists,$ . . . L3ithM the sli*htest trace of 3eariess creepi* ito her %oice.$ # their feat"re story o Pl"m #slad, the presti*io"s ma*aCie d"&&ed the itri*"e s"rro"di* the islad as a $facif"l fictioal f ictioal tapestry.$> 9#&id.K pp. 21-22.; 2<. The pro*ram cocl"des 3ith e!amiatio of Pl"m #slad$s 3or+ 3ith the >oe (tar Tic+>-ati%e to Te!as. The focal poit of e!perimetatio o Pl"m #slad i the 1=$s, the oe (tar tic+-li+e yme Disease--is o3 spread thro"*ho"t 0e3 4or+, 0e3 Jersey ad Ioectic"t. Ho3 did that happe > . . . The la& chief LDr. Iharles Ae&"sM failed to metio that Pl"m #slad also 3or+ed o $hard tic+s,$ a cr"cial distictio. ) lo* o%erloo+ed doc"met, o&taied from the files of a a  i%esti*atio &y the office of former o* #slad Io*ressma Thomas Do3ey, sheds e3 li*ht o the secod, more dami* coectio to yme disease. ) '(D) 1=8 iteral research doc"met titled $)frica (3ie Fe%er$ otes that i 1=5 ad 1=<, cotemporaeo"s 3ith the stra*e o"t&rea+ i ld yme, Ioectic"t, $the ad"lt ad ymphal sta*es of )&ylomma america"m ad )&ylomma ca?"ese 3ere fo"d to &e icapa&le of har&ori* ad trasmitti* )frica s3ie fe%er %ir"s.$ # layme$s terms, Pl"m #slad 3as e!perimeti* 3ith the oe (tar tic+ ad the Iayee tic+-feedi* them o %ir"ses ad testi* them o pi*s-d"ri* the *ro"d Cero year of yme disease. They did ot trasmit )frica s3ie fe%er to pi*s, said the doc"met, &"t they mi*ht ha%e trasmitted & to researchers or to the islad$s %ectors. The oe (tar tic+, amed after the 3hite star o the &ac+ of the female, is a hard tic+K alo* 3ith its co"si, the deer tic+, it is a c"lprit i the spread of yme disease. #teresti*ly, at that time, the oe (tar tic+$s ha&itat 3as cofied to Te!as. Today, ho3e%er, it is edemic thro"*ho"t 0e3 4or+, Ioectic"t, ad 0e3 Jersey. )d o oe ca really e!plai ho3 it mi*rated all the 3ay from Te!as. . . .> 9#&id.K pp. 26-25.; http7333.spitfirelist.comf68.html

(o"rce7 http7333.rese.com*eeral<=pl"misladlyme.htm