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Speed of Sound Measured Using Resonance By: Ema Condori-Teves For Mr. Hendricks’ Honors Honors Physics B4 Class
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!n his lab" a mehod needed o be #sed ha $o#ld %ive he mos acc#rae meas#remen o& so#nd $aves. 'i&&eren #nin% &orks and a #be (arially s#bmer%ed in a lar%er #be &illed $ih $aer $as #sed o meas#re he s(eed o& so#nd. The (#r(ose o& his lab $as o b e able o #ndersand and learn ho$ o deermine he s(eed o& so#nd #sin% resonance. The avera%e s(eed o& so#nd meas#red $as ))* meers (er second + *, meers (er second.
!nrod#cion esonance is de&iniely he &oc#s o& his lab and needs o be #ndersood &irs in order o be able o a((ly ha kno$led%e ino meas#rin% he s(eed o& so#nd. esonance occ#rs $hen an oscillain% sysem is a a &re#ency $hich is he same as is o$n na#ral &re#ency. !n he case o& his lab" resonance a((lies $here he so#nd $aves ha are ravelin% do$n he smaller #be iner&ere consr#cively $ih he ones ha bo#nce o& he $aer and (asses back #( ha #be. !n his lab he so#nd $aves $ere %eneraed by hree #nin% &orks" each $ih di&&eren &re#encies ha $ere vibraed above he smaller #be. The smaller #be $as raised #nil i $as a an e&&ecive hei%h $here he resonance co#ld co# ld be clearly heard. Anoher vial (iece o& in&ormaion ha needed o be #ndersood in order o s#ccesslly #se he daa colleced and deermine he s(eed o& so#nd is by #ndersandin% he e#aion λ=v/d. This derivaion co#ld be some sim(ly e/(lained hro#%h he ima%e belo$.
A &e$ oher de&iniions ha $ill be #sel o #ndersand are as &ollo$s: Aninodes 0odes1andin% $ave-a $ave-a vibraion o& a sysem in $hich some (aric#lar (oins remain &i/ed $hile ohers be$een hem vibrae $ih he ma/im#m am(li#de 2-$avelen%h
1o#nd 3aves esonance Analysis To meas#re meas#re he s(eed o& so#nd" he resonance needed o be deermined. This $as done by #sin% $o #bes" a lar%er #be ha $as &illed $ih $aer" and a smaller one ha $as (arially s#bmer%ed in ha $aer. A #nin% &ork $as held above he smaller #be and he #nin% &ork $as se o vibrae by srikin% i o vibrae. The &re#ency o& he #nin% &ork #sed $as noed be&orehand he &re#ency o& he &ork can be $as &o#nd $rien on
each &ork5. The sandin% $ave ha $ill res#l &rom his $ill resonae more lo#dly $hen he #be is held a an e&&ecive disance $here aninode is a he o( o& he #be. The disance &rom he o( o& he $aer and he o( o& he smaller #be is hen aken. This is meas#red $ice" once &rom he shorer disance (ossible o meas#re $hen i $ill resonae" $hich $ill be he &irs harmonic" and he second &rom he ne/ disance a $hich i $ill resonae $hich $ill be he second harmonic. The di&&erence be$een hese $ill %ive yo# he disance &rom one aninode o he ne/ $hich $as re&erred o as he s(acin% o& he nodes. Tha is only hal& he $avelen%h" belo$ in he ima%e sho$n (orrays as o $hy his is r#e" his n#mber $ill need o be do#bled o e#al e #al he $avelen%h. Also i is im(oran ha hese #nis are in sandard (hysics #nis" so he meas#red disance m#s be noed in meers. The s(eed o& so#nd can be deermined d eermined #sin% he e#aion λ*f=v.
This rial $as done a oal o& hree imes $ih #nin% &orks o& di&&eren &re#encies o %e a variey o& res#ls o com(are &rom and avera%e so ha he meas#remens co#ld be mos acc# rae. The res#ls are as (orrayed belo$ in he daa d aa able. Fre Fre#e #enc ncy y o& o& he he #nin #nin% % &or &ork k
3avele velen% n%h
Λ*f=v
46, H7
.896 m
46,H7.896m ; )<=m>s
)64 H7
.6?, m
)64H7.6?,m ; )4< m>s
4<9 H7
.98< m
4<9H7.98s
The avera%e velociy amon% hese hree di&&eren rials is ))* m>s + *, meers (er second.
Concl#sion There are many variables ha can a&&ec he res#ls o& hese meas#remens" hese incl#de a chan%e in he medi#m a $hich hese meas#remens are aken &rom. 1ome o & he variables ha can chan%e he medi#m med i#m o& he air incl#de he em(era#re o& he air or even he air (ress#re. ( ress#re. The &re#encies #sed sho#ld don’ a&&ec he res#ls no maer hese chan%es in he medi#m a $hich hese meas#remens are aken &rom. !n he (h ysics book ha is #sed &or his class" i saes ha he s(eed o& so#nd is a )4< ) 4< meers (er second" b# hese res#ls $ere aken &rom sea level $hich also incl#de a handl o& variables ha can a&&ec he medi#m a $hich he meas#remen
$as aken5. The meas#remens in his lab $ere aken in a here in a re%ion $here he air (ress#re a lo hi%her" $hich is $hy he res#l o& his lab can va ry *, #nis eiher $ay de(endin% on he medi#m.