PETREL Simple Simulation

Petrel 2013 Reservoir Engineering Module 2: Making a Simple Simulation

Lesson 1: Make a simple simulation grid

Create a Simple Simulation Model

Create a simple grid Define grid properties Insert a “simulation fault”  Assign fault transmissibility transmissibility multiplier  • • • •

Make Simple Grid Process Make a grid without faults

Make Simple Grid: Result Skeleton:

 A top, mid, and base base skeleton grid is generated.

Further subdivision in the vertical direction is needed.

Make Simple Grid: Insert Horizons Skeleton with horizons: If you have surfaces that describe the horizons, you can enter them as input.

Make Simple Grid: Vertical Subdivision

Make horizons: Insert a horizon in the grid to define different zones.

Layering:

Further subdivision is done using the Layering process.

Make Horizons 1. Append Append the the des desired ired num number ber of horiz horizons ons in the the table. 2.

Drop in int Drop inter erpr pret etat atio ions ns or sur surfa face cess usin usingg the the blue arrow.

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2

Make Horizons: Result The horizons appear in the Models pane. Toggle Toggle on the check box to view in a 3D window.

 Available for displaying: displaying: 1. Edges - to see see the zone divisi division on 2. Zone filter - to view view select selected ed layers layers

Define Grid Properties Import 3D grids and properties generated outside Petrel.

Use the Geometrical modeling process to create Constant properties.

Use the Property calculator to define 3D grid properties.

Layering Specify the number of layers (Proportional), cell thickness (Follow top/Base) or Fractions.

Specify the Zone division: Proportional

Follow Base

Follow Top

Fractions

Follow Base with Reference

Layering Result – Types of zone division

Proportional

Fractions

Follow base

Model a Fault: Digitizing

Make/edit polygons process can be used to digitize a line that defines the fault plane. The new polygon appears at the bottom of the Input pane.

Model a Fault: Create Simulation (Grid) Fault The polygon can be converted into a fault in the active grid.

Model a Fault: Define Transmissibility Transmissibility Multiplier 

Use the Structural and fault analysis process to assign a transmissibility multiplier to the fault.

Exercise Dataset > Projects > Modules-3 Simple simulation model > Simple_simulation_model_exercise.pet Pg. 89 89 - 94

Lesson 2: Rock Physics Functions

Make Rock Physics Functions

Capillary pressure curves

Relative permeability

Rock compaction

Saturation Functions Purpose of Saturation Functions

Used to calculate the initial saturation for each phase in each cell.

Used to calculate the initial transition zone saturation of each phase.

Used to calculate fluid mobility to solve the flow equations between cells and from cell to well.

Saturation Function Make relative permeability curves based on Corey correlations.

1 2

1. Pres Preset et val value uess are are avai availa labl blee for for sand, shaly sand and fracture (for dual permeability models).

2.

The num numbber of of ta table en entries controls the size of the tables passed to the simulator simulator..

Oil-Water Oil-W ater Relative Permeability Krw@Sw=1 Kro@Somax Krw@Sorw

Swmin Swcr 

1-Sorw

Capillary Pressure Data: Oil-Wa Oil-Water  ter  You can make oil-water capillary pressure curves using correlations.

Capillary Pressure Data: Gas-Oil Petrel does not have a correlation for gas-oil capillary pressure data. The data can be entered in the spreadsheet.

Rock Compaction Function (1) Used to make rock compaction tables from a choice of correlations to model compaction drive.

Rock compaction function Use presets: There are three preset compaction functions to select from. The red boxes indicate the minimum input data required for the selected correlation.

Or specify: specify: Correlation and Rock type.

Plotting Rock physics functions To display a Rock physic function, open a Function window and select the check box in front of the function on the Input pane.

Rock physics functions are stored in the Input pane.

Spreadsheets Right click on the Rock physics functions folder and select Spreadsheet

…

You can view/edit rock physics functions in a spreadsheet spreadsheet..

Import Rock Physics Functions Functions can be imported to the Rock physics function folder.

The status of the import is reported in the message log.

Exercise Continue using the project from the previous exercise. Pg. 113 - 119

Lesson 3: Make a Fluid Model

Pressure Volume Temperat emperature ure (PVT) (PVT) Why is PVT needed? 

Simulate reservoir fluid behavior during production process.



Convert produced volume to reservoir conditions.

Where do PVT data come from? 

Laboratory experiments – Equation of state (EoS) ( EoS) model

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Correlations

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Processed in PVTi.

Fluid information required by simulator: 

Fluid PVT

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Density or gravity.

Make Fluid Model

Black Oil and Compositional Models

One component of gas and one of oil in both vapor and liquid phase.

Both the vapor and the liquid phase consist of several components. ECLIPSE Composition Compositional al

ECLIPSE Black oil and FrontSim INTERSECT

 Appropriate Black Black Oil Models Fits the Black Oil model. Unsuited for black oil simulation (use Compositional simulation).

G: Near Critical Fluid Pressure F: Wet Gas, Retrograde

A: Dead Oil

 Approximated by Black Black Oil varying gas/oil and oil/gas ratios to mimic small compositional changes.

C: Live Oil, Saturated

B: Live Oil, Initially Undersaturated

D: Dry Gas

E: Wet Gas

Temperature

Make a Fluid Model 1. Select Create new to define a new fluid model. 1 2.

Specify Model type. 2

 All fluid models will will be stored in the Input pane.

Make a Default Black Oil Model 1. Select Black oil as Model type. 2.

On the General tab, tab, specify which phases are required.

3.

Enter re Ent requ quiire redd pr prop oper ertities es in the Gas, Oil and Water tabs. tabs .

4.

Or us usee on onee of the de deffaul ultts presets.

5.

Specify an initial condition.

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Make a Fluid Model: General Tab • •

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Select phases. Enter pressure and temperature in the reservoir.

Make a Fluid Model: Model: Gas Gas Tab Tab

Gas tab: Information on the gas phase composition entered here is used to select correlations.

Correlations: Leave as default to allow Petrel to select correlations based on your input.

Make a Fluid Model: Oil Tab Specify gravity and bubble point pressure.

Correlations, are reported on the Statistics tab of the fluid model.

Make a Fluid Fluid Model: Model: Water Tab Tab Leave as default to allow Petrel create tables from correlations.

De-select Create tables from correlations if you have specific water information.

Make a Fluid Model: Initial Conditions Tab

1. From Contact set.

2.

1

Define in th the table.

2

Make Contacts Make contacts is the process where the contacts to be used in the Volume calculation and Simulation processes are made.

Make Contacts: Define Fluid Contacts

1. Ap Appen pendd the the num number ber of co cont ntac acts ts..

1 2

2.

Define th the co contact type and name.

3.

Define the contact level. It can be a different value/surface for each segment and zone.

3

Fluid Variations with Depth Vertical variations in PVT must be given in a spreadsheet.

Specify the bubble point or the Rs value at each depth. If you specify one, then the other is calculated using the correlations.

Right-click an Initial condition and select Spreadsheet to enter a depth table.

Spreadsheets You can view/edit a fluid model in spreadsheet format. You can copy and paste to/from existing tables.

Plotting a Fluid Model Fluids data can be plotted in a function window. window.

Import Fluid Model Blackk oil models exported Blac exported from PVTi PVTi can be imported to Petrel. Petrel.

The status of the import is reported in the message log.

Exercise Continue using the project from the previous exercise. Pg.. 138 Pg 138 - 14 1422