10/8/2014
Over Current Relay Working Principle Types | Electrical4u
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Working Principle of Over Current Relay Types of Over Current Relay Instantaneous Over Current Relay Denite Time Over Current Relay Inverse Time OC Relay Inverse Denite Minimum Time Over Current Relay or IDMT O/C http://www.electrical4u.com/over-current-relay-working-principle-types/
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10/8/2014
Over Current Relay Working Principle Types | Electrical4u
Relay
In an over current relay or o/c relay the actuating quantity is only current. There is only one current oper element in the relay, no voltage coil etc. are required to construct this protective relay.
Working Principle of Over Current Relay In an over current relay, there would be essentially a current coil. When normal current ows through this coil, magnetic eect generated by the coil is not sucient to move the moving element of the relay, as in this condition restraining force is greater than deecting force. But when the current through the coil increased, the magnetic e increases, and after certain level of current, the deecting force generated by the magnetic eect of the coil, cro the restraining force, as a result, the moving element starts moving to change the contact position in the relay. Although there are dierent types of over current relays but basic working principle of over current relay is or less same for all.
Types of Over Current Relay Depending upon time of operation, there are various types of OC relays, such as, 1. Instantaneous over current relay. 2. Denite time over current relay. 3. Inverse time over current relay. Inverse time over current relay or simply inverse OC relay is again subdivided as inverse denite minimum ti (IDMT), very inverse time, extremely inverse time over current relay or OC relay.
Instantaneous Over Current Relay Construction and working principle of instantaneous over current relay quite simple.
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10/8/2014
Over Current Relay Working Principle Types | Electrical4u
current relay" width="640" height="485" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11661" /> Here generally a magnetic core is wound by current coil. A piece of iron is so tted by hinge support and restrai spring in the relay, that when there is not sucient current in the coil, the NO contacts remain open. When curren the coil crosses a present value, the attractive force becomes sucient to pull the iron piece towards the magnetic c and consequently the No contacts are closed. The preset value of current in the relay coil is referred as pick up setting current. This relay is referred as instantane over current relay, as ideally, the relay operates as soon as the current in the coil gets higher than pick up set current. There is no intentional time delay applied. But there is always an inherent time delay which can not be avoi practically. In practice the operating time of an instantaneous relay is of the order of a few milliseconds. Fig.
Denite Time Over Current Relay This relay is created by applying intentional time delay after crossing pick up value of the current. A denite time o current relay can be adjusted to issue a trip output at denite amount of time after it picks up. Thus, it has a t setting adjustment and pick up adjustment.
Inverse Time OC Relay Inverse time is a natural character of any induction type rotating device. This means the speed of rotation of rota http://www.electrical4u.com/over-current-relay-working-principle-types/
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10/8/2014
Over Current Relay Working Principle Types | Electrical4u
art of the device is faster if input current is increased. In other words, time of operation inversely varies with in current. This natural characteristic of electromechanical induction disc relay in very suitable for over current protect This is because, in this relay, if fault is more severe, it would be cleared more faster. Although time inv characteristic is inherent to electromechanical induction disc relay, but the same characteristic can be achieve microprocessor based relay also by proper programming.
Inverse Denite Minimum Time Over Current Relay or IDMT O/C Relay Ideal inverse time characteristics can not be achieved, in an over current relay. As the current in the system increa the secondary current of the current transformer is increased proportionally. The secondary current is fed to the r current coil. But when the CT becomes saturated, there would not be further proportional increase of CT secon current with increased system current. From this phenomenon it is clear that from trick value to certain range of faulty level, an inverse time relay shows e inverse characteristic. But after this level of fault, the CT becomes saturated and relay current does not increase furt with increasing faulty level of the system. As the relay current is not increased further, there would not be any fur reduction in time of operation in the relay. This time is referred as minimum time of operation. Hence, the characteristic is inverse in the initial part, which tends to a denite minimum operating time as the cur becomes very high. That is why the relay is referred as inverse denite minimum time over current relay or si IDMT relay.
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