MASTER ENGLISH GRAMMAR (2nd Edition) - Vietnam Maritime University - Nam Hoang Van

VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city

MASTER ENGLISH GRAMMAR nd

2 edition Vietnam Maritime University Nam Hoang Van

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty

Email: [email protected] http://www.ebook.edu.vn

1

https://twitter.com/daykemquynhon plus.google.com/+DạyKèmQuyNhơn

www.facebook.com/daykem.quynhon http://daykemquynhon.blogspot.com


INTRODUCTION Master Grammar là giáo trình do tác giả biên soạn để giúp các học sinh, sinh viên “master” lại

toàn bộ chươ ng ng trình ngữ pháp Tiếng anh, để có một hệ thống ngữ pháp logic tr ướ ướ c khi bướ c vào các khoá học luyện thi TOEFL, IELT, GMAT… , giáo trình cũng phục vụ r ất tốt cho học sinh, sinh

N

Ơ

viên luyện các k ỹ năng trong tiếng anh, đặc biệt là reading comprehension và writing. Giáo trình h n ị

Đ

h n / ì 3 B + h 2 ỉ n p ấ T c n ơ h h n i N m s c o ọ y u c h Q . . z o p o h T c c o u . a ạ n ó Đ o H h ý g n L n ư y - H u n n q á ầ r m o T e T B k c 0 y ứ a t h 0 0 d 1 / n / : ế a p i k ó t t g H h n ỡ ý ư L d i n ồ á b o i T ơ n N à

H N Y U Q . P T / O

và đượ c trình bày một cách tổng quát mà ngắn gọn, logic để cho học sinh, sinh viên dễ hiểu, dễ nhớ và có thể nhớ lâu. lâu. Giáo Giáo trình bao gồm 12 bài lý thuy ng đươ ng ng trình độ Intermidiate, học lý thuyết và có bài tậ p đi kèm tươ ng trong 36h. Trong đó, 24h lý thuyết và 12h bài tậ p, trong quá trình học có các bài Test tiế p cận vớ i dạng bài thi của TOEFL, IELT. Trong quá trình biên soạn không tránh đượ c sai sót, kính mong sự góp ý của bạn đọc. Mọi thông tin xin gửi về theo địa chỉ sau. Xin Chân thành cảm ơ n! n! Hoàng Văn Nam

Email: [email protected] Phone No: 0989817762 Yahoo ID: [email protected]

M O C . L I A g Ạ o Đ M l G b / G @ N S m S o Ư E ) c . H N I O s S L s N U A e Ầ B Z / r N E p R O L I d T H B r B N O o 0 Y M w . 0 U ( l 0 Q 4 i a 1 9 M 5 c C E 9 i / f Đ K 7 f Y 7 o A 5 n : D 0 9 o T L h G I 4 A 8 + n & M : y T S P E u N q L Ộ I H L A T m I Ề O e k C V H I y I F Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D


Đóng góp PDF bở i GV. Nguy ễ ễn Thanh Tú


a d F / / : O s N p t t Ơ h H

N Y U Q M È K Y Ạ D

2

www.facebook.com/daykemquynhonofficial www.facebook.com/boiduonghoahocquynhonofficial



VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city CONTENTS Phần I

h n ị

Đ

h n / ì 3 B + h 2 ỉ n p ấ T c n ơ h h n i N m s c o ọ y u c h Q . . z o p o h T c c o u . a ạ n ó Đ o H h ý g n L n ư y - H u n n q á ầ r m o T e T B k c 0 y ứ a t h 0 0 d 1 / n / : ế a p i k ó t t g H h n ỡ ý ư L d i n ồ á b o i T ơ n N à Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit1: TENSES ............................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ................................................................ 5 1. Simple present tense........................................................ tense ................................................................................................................ ............................................................ 5 2. Present continuous tense ...................................................... ........................................................................................................... ..................................................... 5 3. Present perfect tense............................................................. tense .................................................................................................................. ..................................................... 6 4. Past simple tense ..................................................... ..................................................................................................................... .................................................................... 7 5. Past continuous tense ................................................... .............................................................................................................. ............................................................... 9 6. Past perfect tense.................................................. tense ............................................................................................................ ..................................................................... ........... 9 7. Perfect continuous tense....................................................... tense ............................................................................................................ ..................................................... 9 8. Past perfect continuous tense ................................................. .................................................................................................. ................................................. 10 9. Future tense .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ................... 10 Unit 2: VERB PATTERNS ...................................................... .......................................................................................................... .................................................... 11 1. V-ing............................................. V-ing..................................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ................................... 11 2. V + to + V ...................................................... ............................................................................................................... ......................................................................... ................ 11 3. V + O + V............................................................................ V.................. ........................................................................................................... .................................................... ... 12 Unit 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES....................... SENTENCES....................................................................................... ................................................................ 14 1. Zero conditional sentences .......................................................... ...................................................................................................... ............................................ 14 2. First conditaional sentences ...................................................... .................................................................................................... .............................................. 14 3. Second conditional sentences.......................................................... sentences .................................................................................................. ........................................ 14 4. Third conditional sentences..................................................................... sentences..... ................................................................................................ ................................ 15 Unit 4: COMPARISON.......................................................................................... COMPARISON............................. .............................................................................. ................. 16 1. Adjective comparison...................................................................... comparison........... ................................................................................................... ........................................ 16 2. Adverb comparison ......................................................... .............................................................................................................. ........................................................ ... 17 3. Double comparison ...................................................... .............................................................................................................. ........................................................... ... 18 Unite 5: PASSIVE SENTENCES ..................................................... ............................................................................................. ........................................ 19 1. Form: ................................................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................... ........................... 19 2. Examples: ..................................................... .......................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ...................... 19 3. Use:.............................................. Use:....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ ................................... 19 4. Note: ........................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................... 20 Unit 6: REPORTED SPEECHS ....................................................... ............................................................................................... ........................................ 21 1. Reported Statements........................................................................ Statements................ ................................................................................................ ........................................ 21 2. Reported questions .............................................. .................................................................................................. .................................................................... ................ 22 3. Reported commands, requests, advices, invitations ............................................................. ................................................................ ... 22 Unit 7 MODAL VERBS .................................................. ............................................................................................................. ........................................................... 23 1. Form: ................................................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................... ........................... 24 2. Use:.............................................. Use:....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ ................................... 24 Unit 8: SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES............................................................... CLAUSES....................... ........................................ 26 1. Linking words ........................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................. ......... 26 2. Relative Relative clauses with: who, which, that that and reduced clauses ................................................. 27 Unit 9: OTHER PROBLEMS ................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................ 29 1. Expression of quantity: all, most, some, half, none. ............................................... ............................................................... ................ 29 2. Sigular and plural nouns/ countable and uncountable nouns ................................................ .................................................... 30 3. A/an and The ........................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................... ........... 31 4. Position of Adjectives and Adverbs ......................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................... 32 m: .............................................................................................................. ........................................................................ ................ 34 5. Word for m:...................................................... Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



3




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 6. Parallel structure...................................................................... structure........... ........................................................................................................... ................................................ 35 7. Inverted subjects and verbs .................................................. ..................................................................................................... ................................................... 36 Unit 10: PREPOSITION ....................................................... ............................................................................................................. ...................................................... 37 1. Time prepositions ................................................. ......................................................................................................... ................................................................... ........... 37 2. Place prepositions................................................................. prepositions. ................................................................................................................... ................................................... 38 3. Movement prepositions ........................................................ ........................................................................................................... ................................................... 40 4. Other prepositions .................................................. ........................................................................................................ ................................................................. ........... 41 Unit 11: SPECIAL FORMS ............................................................ ....................................................................................................... ........................................... 41 Unit 12: IDIOMS.................................................................................... IDIOMS....................... ................................................................................................. .................................... 44 h n ị

Đ


Phần II

Unit1: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: Unit 7 Unit 8: Unit 9: Unit 10:

H N Y U Q . P T / O

EXERCISES

TENSES .......................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................ ... 47 VERB PATTERNS ...................................................... ......................................................................................................... ................................................... 55 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES........................ SENTENCES...................................................................................... .............................................................. 57 COMPARISON...................................................................................... COMPARISON........................... ................................................................................... ........................ 59 PASSIVE SENTENCES .......................................................... ................................................................................................ ...................................... 62 REPORTED SPEECHS ...................................................... ................................................................................................. ........................................... 66 MODAL VERBS ................................................... ............................................................................................................ ......................................................... 68 SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES.............................. CLAUSES................................................................. ................................... 69 OTHER PROBLEMS ................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................ 70 TOEFL TEST.......................................................... TEST ................................................................................................................ ...................................................... 77

Phần III

N

Ơ

ANSWER KEY



M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






4




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city PHẦN I Unit1:

1.

TENSE

Present simple tense

a. Form: am are is

be h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

V-s

V-es

do/does don’t/doesn’t

have/has haven’t/hasn’t

V V

V-s/V-es \ hầu hết các động từ chia ở ngôi ngôi thứ 3 số ít b ằng cách thêm ‘s’. Đối vớ i các động từ mà phiên âm cuối cùng là: /p, f, , t, k/. Thì khi thêm ‘s’, đọc là /s/. Ex: stops, baths, starts, makes…các tr ườ ng hợ p còn cò n lại ườ ng đọc là /z/. Ex: learns, decides… \ đối vớ i những động từ mà đuôi là: ch, sh, s, x, o khi chia ở ngôi ngôi thứ 3 ườ ng số ít bằng cách thêm ‘es’, khi đó ‘es’ đọc là /iz/ ngoại tr ừ tr ườ ng h ợ p V-oes, đọc là /z/. \ V-es: V-y: → V-ies. (quy tắc này tươ ng ng tự đối vớ i quy tắc thêm ‘ed’, ‘ly’, ‘er’, ‘est’. Ex: studied, heavily, easier, luckest…). \ V-ie: → V-ies. \ V-NA-y: Đối vớ i các động từ mà kêt thúc là ‘nguyên âm + y’ thì vẫn giữ nguyên ‘y’ và chỉ thêm ‘s’ mà thôi. Ex: plays, destroys, enjoys, buys…

b. Use: - THTD dùng diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển nhiên đúng, luôn luôn đúng. - THTD dùng diễn tả 1 thói quyen, 1 hành động lặ p đi lặ p lại nhiều lần. - Các tr ạng từ thườ ng ng dùng (Adv): every day, every time..., time..., always, often, usually, sometimes, ordinary, rarely, seldom,…really, actually… c. Examples: \ The river is 70 km long. \ The moon runs around the earth. \ I usually get up late. \ I really feel hot, It is about 37 degree centigrade. 2.

Present continuous tense

a. Form: Be + V-ing




N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



5



h n ị


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ V+ing → V-ing. Ex: teaching, learning… \ V-e: → V-ing (bỏ ‘e’). Ex: making, stating, loving… \ V-ie → V-y-ing: lie → lying, tie → tying, die → dying… \ V-y → V-ying. Ex: studying, trying… \ V-‘PA-NA-PA: đối vớ i các động từ mà k ết thúc là 1 nguyên âm đứng giữa 2 phụ âm và tr ọng âm r ơ ơi vào âm cuối, khi chuyển sang V-ing dạng V-ing chúng ta phải đôi phụ âm cuối. Nếu như tr ọng âm không ơi vào âm cuối thì không gấ p đôi. Quy tắc này cũng đúng vớ i việc r ơ them các đuôi: ed, er, est. (1.1) Ex: running, stopping, beginning, … (gấ p đôi). entering, following… (không gấ p đôi).

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Đ


n

ễ i

D

b. Use: - THTTD dùng diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra tịa thờ i điểm nói, hoặc xung quanh thờ i điểm nói. - THHTD cũng dùng để di d iễn tả 1 hành động sắ p xảy ra ở tươ ng ng lai, có k ế hoặch, sắ p đặt tr ướ c, gắn liền vớ i 1 thờ i điểm cụ thể. ướ c, - Adv: now, at the moment, at present… c. Examples: \ What are you doing now? I’m reading newspaper. \ We are learning English at the moment. \ I’m studying master degree at Hanoi University of technology. \ He is working for a foreign company. Note: M ột s ố động t ừ ch ỉ c ảm giác, hay tính chất c ủa s ự v ật không chia ở d d ạng tiế p diễn b ất k ỳ thì nào. Tuy nhiên khi nói đến hành động c ủa động t ừ thì có thể chia ở d dạng V-ing: Các động từ đó bao gồm: know believe hear see smell wish understand hate love like want sound have need appear seem taste own Ex: \ He has a lot of books. \ He is having dinner now. (Động từ hành động: ăn tối) \ I think they will come in time \ I'm thinking of my test tomorrow. (Động từ hành động: Đang ngh ĩ v về) 3.

Present perfect tense

a. Form: have/has + PII

V-ed been, had, done. V-BQT < tra ở c cột thứ 3 trong bảng động từ bất quy tăc>






M



6



h n ị

Đ



VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ V-ed: V + ed \ V-y: → V-ied: studied, applied, hurried…, \ V-nguyên âm + y: Đối v ớ i các động từ mà kêt thúc là ‘nguyên âm + y’ thì vẫn giữ nguyên ‘y’ và chỉ thêm ‘ed’ mà thôi. Ex: played, enjoyed, destroyed… \ V-ie: → V-ied. \ Vi ệc thêm đuôi ‘ed’ xem Note (1.1) nói trên. Ngh ĩ a là đối các động V-ed mà k ết thúc là một nguyên âm đứng giữa 2 phụ âm thì chúng ta gấ p phụ âm cuối tr ướ ướ c khi them ‘ed’. Ex: shopped, stopped,… \ chú ý một s ố tr ườ ng hợ p đặc bi ệt nh ư các động t ừ V-PA-ow, V-PAườ ng ox, chúng ta them ‘ed’ mà không gấ p đôi w, hay x. Ex. Followed, boxed… Cách đọc đuôi ‘ed’: \ Đối vớ i các động từ đuôi là ‘t’ hoặc ‘d’ khi thêm ‘ed’, ‘ed’ đượ c đọc là ‘id’. \ Đối vớ i các động t ừ phiên âm cuối là: /p, f, s, ∫, k/, sau khi thêm ‘ed’, ‘ed’ đượ c đọc là /t/. Ex. Stopped, laughed, classed, finished, cooked… \ Các động từ còn lại, ‘ed’ đọc là /d/. earned, studied…

-

b. Use: - THTHT dùng diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc k ết quả hành động liên quan đến hiện tại. - Adv: for 4 months, for 5 years…, since 1999, since I was a child…, already, not...yet, ever, never, recently, sofar =up to now… - Khi gặ p một hành động, một thông tin mớ i xu ất hi ện ta dùng THTHT, thông thườ ng ng có đi kèm ‘just’. c. Examples: \ I have learnt English for 5 years. \ I have ever eaten sharp meat, \ I have just finished my exam, I feel tired. Note:

Không dùng THTHT nếu không có sự liên quan đến hiện tại, chẳng hạn sự việc xảy ra đã quá lâu, không còn khả năng xảy ra nữa. Hãy so sánh: \ Shakepeare wrote many plays. (He died too long time ago). \ I have written for many plays. (I still write plays now). - THTHT nhấn mạnh k ết quả hành động mà không quan tâm đến thờ i điểm xảy ra hành động, còn TQKD thì tậ p trung vào thờ i điểm xảy ra hành động. \ When did you arrive? 10 years ago. \ How long have you been here? For 10 years. -

Đ

n

ễ i

D

4.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Past simple tense

a. Form: Be → were/was have/has → had do/does → did V-ed / VBQT Trong đó, V-ed đượ c thành lậ p như ở trên, trên, VBQT tra ở c c ột th ứ 2 trong bảng động từ b ất quy tắc. b. Use: 7 Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn





VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - TQKD dùng diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và đã k ết thúc trong quá khứ. - Adv: yesterday \ week \ month \ season \ summer \ year \ decade …

last h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

\ 3 days \ 5 weeks \ 7 months \ 10 years \ 2 centuries …

ago

in

(≥ month): sau in là mốc thờ i gian tính từ ≥month. \ in march 1999 \ in 2000 \ in 19th century …

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

M O C . L I A g Ạ o Đ M l G b / G @ N S m S o Ư E ) c . H N I O s S L s N U A e Ầ B Z / r N E p R O L I d T H B r B N O o 0 Y M w . 0 U ( l 0 Q 4 i a 1 9 M 5 c C E 9 i / f Đ K 7 f Y 7 o A 5 n : D 0 9 o T L h G I 4 A 8 + n & M : y T S P E u N q L Ộ I H L A T m I Ề O e k C V H I y I F

(≡day) \ on march 4th 1999

on

(≤ hour) \ at 8.00am yesterday at \ at 8.30am on on march 4th 1999 Cần chú ý một số tr ườ ng hợ p đặc biệt, đó là khi chỉ các buổi trong ngày ngườ i ta dùng: in the ườ ng morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. Hay các tr ườ ng hợ p khác như: at noon, at middle ườ ng night, at weekend. c. Examples: \ Yesterday, We met him in the cinema. \ I came back Vietnam in 1999. \ When did you start studying English? 5 years ago.

Ử


M



Note:

Khi diễn t ả m ột chuỗi hành động trong quá khứ, ng ườ i ta thườ ng ng dùng thì quá khứ đơ n. n. Ex. He came home, turned TV on, but after that, he felt tired, he went to bed. - Khi diễn t ả 1 hành động x ảy ra lặ p đi l ặ p lại trong quá khứ, nh ưng hành động đó không còn tiế p tục diễn ra nữa thì chúng ta dùng cấu trúc:‘Used to’ \ I used to play football when I was a student, now I’m very busy working, I don’t have free time to play football. \ I used to live alone when I was a student, now I live with my family -




8




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 5.

Past continuous tense

a. Form: were/was + V-ing b. Use: - TQKTD dùng diễn t ả 1 hành động đang xảy ở 1 1 thờ i điểm c ụ th ể trong quá khứ, thì này tậ p trung vào quá trình diễn ra hơ n là thờ i điểm xảy ra hành động. c. Examples: \ I was playing chess at 8.00am yesterday. \ What were you doing at that time? I was watching TV. \ At this time last year, I was studying at Vietnam Maritime University. h n ị

Đ

n

ễ i

D

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Note:

- Ngườ i ta thườ ng ng sử dụng TQKTD để diễn tả 1 hành động đang diễn ra thì có 1 hành ng sử dụng là: động khác xen vào trong quá khứ. Các liên từ thườ ng when ≈ while ≈ as: khi, lúc \ When I was teaching English, he came in. \ When we watching a film on TV, electric went off. \ While my mother was cooking, my father read newspaper. - Khi diễn tả 2 hành động song song cùng xảy ra (cho dù hiện tại, quá khứ, hay tiế p diễn...) chúng ta thườ ng ng dùng liên từ ‘while: trong khi, đang khi’. \ While he is studying Enlish, his brother is listening to music. \ He answers the phone while he drives to his office. \ My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV.

Đ


N

Ơ

6.

Past perfect tense

a. Form: had + PII b. Use: - TQKHT dùng diễn tả 1 hành động diễn ra tr ướ ướ c 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ. - Các liên từ thườ ng ng sử dụng: before, after, when... c. Examples: \ Before I came here, I had completted my homework. \ I went home after I had closed the office doors. \ When I came back, he had gone out 7.



M

Perfect continuous tense

a. Form: have/has + been + V-ing b. Use: - THTTD dùng diễn tả 1 hành động x ảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và còn tiế p tục xảy ra. c. Examples: \ We have been working on this project for 3 months. \ We have been waiting for her for 30 minutes.



Note:

Khác vớ i THTHT, THTTD không tậ p trung vào k ết quả hành động mà tậ p trung vào quá trình diễn ra. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



9





Past perfect continuous tense

a. Form: had + been + V-ing b. Use: - TQKHTTD dùng diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra kéo dài (dai giẳng) tr ướ ướ c 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ. c. Examples: \ I had been waiting for her for 45 minutes before she came.(she came 10 minutes ago). \ After she had been waiting for the Bus No 26 for more than 1 hour, the bus came

N

Ơ

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

9.

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Future tense

a. Form: - Will/shall + V(withou to) - Be + going to - Be + V-ing (dùng thì hiện tại để nói về một k ế hoạch trong tươ ng ng lai) b. Use: - Will/shall (shall chỉ sử dụng vớ i ngôi thứ nhất I, We) \ Dùng diễn tả 1 hành động sắ p xảy ra ở t tươ ng ng lai (dự đoán). \ Khi diễn tả 1 sự quyết định tại thờ i điểm nói ta dùng ‘will’. \ Dùng để sai khiến ai đó làm gì. \ Will còn dùng diễn tả một quyết định tại thờ i điểm nói - Be + going to: \ Dùng diễn tả 1 hành động sắ p xảy ra ở t tươ ng ng lai (dự đoán) nhưng khả năng xảy ra cao hơ n ‘will’. \ dùng diễn tả 1 hành động sắ p xảy ra ở tươ ng ng lai, khả n ăng xảy ra lớ n hơ n ‘will’, thườ ng ng gắn liền vớ i 1 thờ i điểm cụ thể. - Future tense: Đôi khi ngườ i ta dùng thì hiện tại tiế p diễn để diễn tả một hành động sắ p sảy ra ở t t ươ ng ng lai, có k ế ho ạch sắ p đặt tr ướ c, thườ ng ng g ắn li ền v ớ i m ột th ờ i điểm c ụ th ể. ướ c, Khả năng xảy ra cao hơ n ‘will’ và ‘going to’. c. Examples: \ We will attend the party. \ It will rain. \ It is going to rain. \ I’m going to phone him later. \ I’m flying to London tomorrow. \ I will help you (that means I help you right now) ng lai có thể dùng ‘will’ hoặc ‘going to’, Note: Khi dự đoán 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tươ ng nhưng khả năng xảy ra của ‘going to’ là cao hơ n ‘will’.



M



“Poverty of good is easily cured, poverty of soul, impossible” – Michel De Montaigne. Nghèo vật chấ t d ễ chữ a, a, nghèo tâm hồn không chữ a đượ c. c. ễ ch “A true friend is one who overlooks your failures and tolerates your successes” - Doug Larson. ườ i bạn thự c sự là ườ i bỏ qua nhữ ng Ng ườ là ng ườ ng thấ t bại của bạn và khoan dung nhữ ng ng thành công của bạn. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



10




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city “Remember that great love and great achiverments involve great risk” ựu vĩ đạ ĩ đại luôn bao g ồm cả sự m M ột tình yêu tuyệt vờ i và một thành t ự mạo hiể m. m. Unit 2:

1.

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

VERB PATTERNS

V-ing

b. V + V-ing: Động từ đi sau các động từ mô tả sự yêu ghét, chỉ sắc thái tình cảm có dạng: V-ing. Ex: Love, like, enjoy, mind, hate, dislike, can’t stand, don’t mind, can’t help, avoid, consider… Examples: \ I love reading specialized books. \ I like watching action movies. \ We can’t stand living in Hanoi city. \ I can’t help loving him, although he is selfish and stupid. \ He doesn’t mind cleaning house. c. V + V-ing: Động từ đi sau các động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, k ết thúc, trì hoãn hay tiế p tục của hành động có dạng: V-ing Ex: Begin, start, open, stop, finish, give up, deny, postpone, put off, cary on, continue, keep… Examples: \ He started learning English 7 years ago. \ I have given up smoking for 2 weeks. \ They continue doing homework until mid-night. \ They stop supplying electric. \ The children finished leaning, then they went to the cinema. d. Preposition + V-ing: đi sau giớ i từ động từ có dạng là ‘V-ing’. - To be good/bad at... - To be keen on/ interested in... - To be afraid/frightened/scared of … Examples: \ She is good at speaking Chinese. \ My son is keen on reading detective stories. \ I am afraid of walking in the evening. e. V-ing: Những động từ đứng đầu câu làm chủ ngữ đượ c chia dướ i dạng V-ing. Examples: \ Swimming in in summer is very ịnjoyable. \ Walking in the morning is a good way to keep our healh. f. Một số cấu trúc đặc biệt sử dụng V-ing: - It’s no use crying. - It’s no worth reading this novel. - There is no point in arguing. 2.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



V + to + V

a. V + to + V: agree, decide, hope, want, refuse, wish, manage, promise… \ He hopes to pass the exam. \ The boy manages to climb up the wall. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



11



h n ị

Đ



VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ I wish wish to have a lot of money. \ Many vietnamese people want to work for foreign company because of high salary. b. V + O + to V: Dùng để sai khiến, ra lệnh, đề ngh n ghị, khuyên bảo, mờ i ai làm việc gì: tell, ask, advise, invite, allow, offer, order, permit, remind, teach… Examples: \ Could you remind me me to phone John tomorrow. \ I teach them to learn English. \ I told him to stay but he didn’t. \ Our company doesn’t allow us to smoke in the office. c. to be + Adj + to + V: đi sau tính từ động từ có dạng ‘to V’ - to be happy/glad/good/bad… - to be possible/impossible/difficult/easy/hard… - to be interesting/nice/… - … Examples: \ It is very good to eat much fish. \ You are possible to complete all things before the deadline, I think. \ It is very interesting to talk with her. \ It’s nice to meet you again. Note:

Sau động từ ‘like, love’ có thể dùng cả 2 ‘V-ing’ hoặc ‘to V’ mà ngh ĩ a của chúng không khác nhau lắm. \ She likes watching action movies. \ She likes to watch action movies. - Một số Động từ có thể dùng cả 2 dạng: ‘V-ing’ và ‘to V’ nhưng ngh ĩ a của chúng khác nhau: -

Bảng 1:

V + to + V(để làm gì) Stop + to +V (ngừng để làm gì) - We stop to take a rest Forget + to + V(quyên sẽ làm gì) - Don’t forget to send the letter Remember + to + V(nhớ để ớ để làm gì) - You must remember to sign your name Try + to + V (cố gắng) - I tried to pass the exam but I couldn’t Regret + to + V ( r ất tiếc phải làm gì) - We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job.

V-ing (làm gì) Stop +V-ing( ngừng làm gì) - We stop learning at 11.30 am Forget + V-ing (quyên làm gì) - I forget sending the letter Remember + V-ing (nhớ đ ớ đã làm gì) - I remember locking it Try +V-ing (thử) - I tried starting the car but it didn’t work Regret + V-ing (hối hận đã làm gì) - I really regret saying what I heard

Đ

n

ễ i

D

3.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



V+O+V

- let sb do: để ai làm gì. - Make sb do: khiến ai làm gì. - Help sb do: giúp ai làm gì. Examples: \ Let me pick you up at the gate. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



12



h n ị

Đ



VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ I make students learn much about grammar. \ She helps me play guitar. Note: Đối v ớ i các động t ừ ch ỉ giác quan như: see, watch, hear, smell, feel…động t ừ theo sau có thể chia ở d d ạng V/V-ing: V/V-ing: Tuy nhiên có sự khác nhau giữa chúng. Nếu s ự ch ứng kiến là từ đầu đến cuối chúng ta dùng dạng ‘V-ing’, nếu sự chứng kiến đột nhiên xuất hiện, và trong 1 thờ i gian không tr ọn vẹn thì chúng ta dùng dạng nguyên thể ‘V’. S + V + O/sb/sth + V/V-ing Examples: \ Yesterday, I saw a thief breaking into the bank near my house. \ I feel some one spy on me. \ Yesterday, I saw her walking near my house. “Never laugh at anyone‘s dream” ng bao giờ cu cuờ i nhạo giấ c mơ c của bấ t cứ ai. ai. Đừ ng ”Talk slowly but think quickly” Có thể nói nói chậm như ng ng hãy suy nghĩ th thật nhanh. “Remember the 3 re’s : respect for self , respect for others and responsiblity for your actions” Hãy nhớ 3 3 đ iề u: u: kính tr ọng chính mình, kính tr ọng nhữ ng ng ng ườ ườ i khác và hãy có trách nhiệm vớ i nhữ ng ng việc làm của mình.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






13





Unit 3:

1.

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Zero conditional sentences

a. Form: If /when + S + VHT, S + VHT b. Use: - Dùng diễn tả các hành động mà nếu vế 1 (vế if) xảy ra thì vế 2 chắc chắn xảy ra, cùng xảy ra trong hiện tại. c. Examples: \ If you eat a lot of yelly-fish, you get allergy. \ If you work too much, you feel tired. \ If you go out now, you get wet (It is raining). \ If you really want to learn English well, you need to learn pronunciation and grammar first. 2.

First conditaional sentences

a. Form: If /when + S + VHT, S + will + V b. Use: - Dùng diễn tả những điều kiện có thể xảy ra và có k ết quả ở hi hiện tại hoặc trong tươ ng ng lai. c. Examples: \ If I see it, I will tell you \ When I get home, I will phone her \ If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home \ If you come here, I will take you to the cinema Note: if …not = unless: tr ừ khi \ If you don’t study harder, you will fail the coming exam \ You will fail the coming exam unless you study harder 3.

Second conditional sentences

a. Form: If + S + VQK , S + would + V Note: be → were/was: (đôi khi ngườ i ta dùng ‘were’ thay cho ‘was’). b. Use: - Diễn tả điều kiện không thể nào xảy ra đượ c (không có thực), nhưng đang đượ c nói ở hiện tại hoặc tươ ng ng lại. - Dùng diễn đạt những mong muốn, những ướ c mơ , hay lờ i khuyên… c. Examples: \ If I were you, I wouldn’t go \ If I were you, I would not let him go \ If I were 5 years younger, I would choose an other university \ If it were summer now, we would go swimming 14 Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn


N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M







h n ị

Đ


Third conditional sentences

a. Form: If + S + VQKHT, S + would + have + PII b. Use: - Diễn tả những hành động, điều kiện không thể nào xảy ra trong quá khứ. - Thườ ng ng dùng diễn đạt 1 sự hối tiếc. c. Examples: \ If I had known how difficult the job was, I wouldn’t have taken it \ If she hadn’t been ill, she would have gone to the concert \ If I had looked the motorbike last night, It wouldn’t have been stolen \ If I had worked hard, I wouldn’t have failed the exam. \ I wish I had known John was ill, I would have gone to see him

N

Ơ

Note:

-

Đối vớ i câu điều kiện loại 3 cũng có thể dùng: could, might, should thay cho ‘would’. Khi diễn tả một sự nuối tiếc có thể k ết hợ p một vế của câu điều kiện loại 3 và một vế của thì quá khứ đơ n: n: - If + S + VQKHT, S + would + V - If + S + VQK , S + would + have + PII

Ex: \ If he didn’t study, he wouldn’t have become a University student now. \ if he had gone out yesterday, he wouldn’t meet accident. “Robbing life of friendship is like robbing the world of the sun”. Cuộc số ng ng thiế u đ i tình bạn như th thế gi giớ i mấ t đ i mặt tr ờ i. ờ i. “Hold a true friend by hands”. Giữ b bạn thân bằ ng ng cả hai tay.

H N Y U Q . P T / O


G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

“A friend is the one who come in when the whole world has gone out” Bạn là ng ườ giớ i đ ã bỏ đ i t ấ ườ i đế n vớ i mình khi cả thế gi ấ t cả..

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






15




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Unit 4:

1.

COMPARISON

Adjective comparison

1.1. More comparison

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

a. Form: - Be + Adj(short) - er + than - Be + more + Adj(long) + than - Short adjective: Bao gồm các tính từ 1 âm tiết và các tính từ 2 âm tiết mà có đuôi là: y, er, le, some, ow. Ex: pretty → pretier, clever → cleverer, noble → nobler, handsome → handsomer, marrow → narower… - Long adjective: bao gồm các động từ có 2 âm tiết tr ở ở lên lên và các động từ 2 âm tiết mà k ết thúc không phải là các đuôi: y, er, le, some, ly, ow. Ex: tired, boring, useful… - Adj(short)-er: \ Adj(short) + er \ Adj(short)-e → Adj(short)-er ( chỉ thêm ‘r’) \ Adj(short)-y → Adj(short)-ier (chuyển ‘y’ thành ‘i’ r ồi mớ i thêm ‘r’) \ Đối v ớ i các tính từ mà k ết thúc là 1 phụ âm đứng giữa 2 phụ âm và tr ọng âm r ơ ơi vào âm tiết cuối thì chúng ta phải gấ p đôi phụ âm cuối tr ướ ướ c khi thêm ‘er’. Ex: bigger, hotter, fatter… - Note: chú ý 1 số dạng đặc biệt xem ở b bảng 2. b. Examples: \ Today is hotter than yesterday \ Nam is taller than his sister \ He is cleverer than any one in my class \ My younger brother is lazier than I 1.2. Less comparison

a. Form: - Be + not + so/as + Adj (short/long) + as - Be + less + Adj (short/long) + than b. Examples: \ Korea films now are not as interesting as they used to \ Korea films now are less interesting than they used to

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O


G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

1.3. Equal comparison

a. Form: Be + as + Adj (short/long) + as b. Examples: - Hang is as tall as Thuy - I want a new secretary who is as efficient as the previous

Ọ

M

1.4. Superity comparison



a. Form: - Be + the + Adj(short)-est + (N) + in/of - Be + the most + Adj(long) + (N) + in/of Note:

- Quy tắc thêm ‘est’ tươ ng ng tự như quy tắc thêm ‘er’. - Các giớ i từ thườ ng ng sử dụng trong câu so sánh nhất là: \ in: sau ‘in’ là 1 tậ p thể \ of: sau ‘of’ là 1 số lượ ng ng Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn


16




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city b. Examples: \ Amazon is the largest river in the world \ He is one of 10 the most famous scientists in the world \ That bulding is the biggest in Viet nam 1.5. Một số giớ i từ c cần lư u ý trong câu so sánh - Similar to sth : Ex: Her story is similar to my story. - Different from: Ex: Vietnamese culture is very different from American culture. - The same… as: I study the same University as Hung - To look like: he looks like his father. h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

2.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Adverb comparison

2.1. Note

Quy tắc so sánh tr ạng từ cũng tươ ng ng tự như quy tắc so sánh tính từ, khác vớ i tính từ, các tr ạng từ không thườ ng ng xuyên đi vớ i ‘to be’ mà thườ ng ng đi vớ i động từ. \ V + Adv(short) + er + than \ V + more + Adv(long) + than \ V + less + Adv(short-er/long) + than \ V + as + Adv(short/long) + as \ V + the Adv(short)- est \ V + the most + Adv(long) - Đối v ớ i c ấu trúc không so sánh thì tr ạng từ đượ c thành lậ p b ằng cách thêm đuôi ‘ly’ vào sau tính từ: Ex: quickly, badly…, tr ừ 1 số tr ườ ng h ợ p v ừa là tính từ v ừa là tr ạng t ừ. Ex: ườ ng fast, hard, early…Hay một số từ khác bản thân nó là tr ạng từ. Ex: now, then, there… - Đối vớ i cấu trúc so sánh của tr ạng từ ngắn, dạng của tr ạng từ ngắn có dạng như dạng của dạng của tính từ ngắn (Adj(short)-er). - Đối v ớ i c ấu trúc so sánh của tr ạng từ dài, các tr ạng từ dài đượ c thành lậ p đượ c thành lậ p bằng cách thêm đuôi ‘ly’ vào cuối tính từ dài. Ex: carefully, beautifully, correctly… -

2.2. Examples:

\ I speak louder than my friends \ My father drives more carefully than I do \ In this company, he works less harder than any one \ He dances as beaytifully as his girl friend \ She finishes the job best Note: Cần chú ý một số tính từ và tr ạng từ bất quy tắc. Bảng 2: Adjective or adverb

far Little Much Many Good Well Bad Badly


Ử


M

Comparative

Superlative

Farther(distance) Further(abstract) Less

The farthest The furthest The least

More

The most

Better

The best

Worse

The worst






17





Double comparison

-

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

The Adj(short)-er/the more Adj(long), the Adj(short)-er/the more Adj(long): càng làm gì thì càng sao… Adj(short)-er and Adj(short)-er: càng ngày càng làm sao… more and more Adj(long): càng ngày càng làm sao…

Ex: \ the cheaper, the better. \ the more expensive, the better. \ The more you study, the smarter you will become. \ it is getting hotter and hotter. \ price is more and more expensive.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Note:

Khi viết câu ở d dạng so sánh có thể áp dụng các dạng: rút gọn, đầy đủ hay đảo ngữ. nhưng phải tuân theo quy tắc ‘song song’ (sẽ nói k ỹ hơ n trong bài sau) \ My sister spends more hours in the office than John (rút gọn) \ My sister spends more hours in the office than John does (đầy đủ) \ My sister spends more hours in the office than does John (đảo ngữ) - Quy tắc song song ngh ĩ a là: more…than -er…than less…than Same structrure Same structrure as…as the same…as similar…to -

Ex: \ What he did the same as what I did (not…the same as I did). \ Music in my country is similar to music in your country (not …similar to your country). “It is better to have loved and lost than never to have lost at all” – Samuel Butler. Yêu r ồi mấ t mát còn hơ n chẳ ng ng mấ t gì bao giờ .

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

“First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity” – G. Bernard Shaw. M ố là một chút khờ d d ại và nhiề u tò mò. ố i tình đầu chỉ là “A man can hide all things, excepting twains: that he is drunk and that he is in love” – Anti Phanes Ng ườ àn ông có thể d d ấ 2 đ iề u này: say r ượ ang yêu. ườ i đ àn ấu mọi thứ , tr ừ ừ 2 ượ u và đ ang





Ọ

M



18




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Unite 5:

1.

h n ị

Đ


PASSIVE SENTENCES

Form:

Be + PII + (by)… - HT: am/are/is + PII - QK: were/was + PII - HTHT: have/has + been + PII - Modal verbs: will, can, may, might, must, could, should, ought to… modal verb + be + PII - TD: be(am, are, is) + being + PII 2.

Examples:

\ Is this room cleaned every day? \ I’m not often invited to parties (active form: they often don’t invite me to parties). \ This house was built in 1930 by my grandfather (active form: my grandfather built this house in 1930). \ HIV medicine has been found by scientists (active form: scientists have found HIV medicine). \ He should be broght to a near hospital (active form: we should bring him to a near hospital). \ The letter must be written in English (active form: you must write the letter in English). \ The stolen car is being looked for by the police (active form: the police are looking for the stolen car). 3.

Use:

-

Khi chuyển sang câu bị động, tân ngữ của câu chủ động đượ c chuyển lên làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động, còn chủ ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành tân ngữ của câu bị động hoặc đượ c bỏ đi. Tân ngữ của câu bị động đứng sau ‘by’, đối vớ i các tân ngữ mang tính chung chung như: ‘people, someone, something, they’ thì b thì bỏ ‘by’ và tân ngữ sau ‘by’. Còn đối vớ i ‘I, we, you, she, he’ thì tuỳ t ừng tr ườ ng h ợ p mà có th ể b ỏ đi hay giữ nguyên. Chúng ta chỉ gi ữ ườ ng lại tân ngữ khi nó ngườ i hay vật xác địng.

Ex: \ this book must be picked up (by some one). \ this building was destroyed in 1954 by american soldiers. - Thông thườ ng ng ngườ i ta dùng câu chủ động là nhằm tậ p trung (nhấn m ạnh) vào chủ ng ữ, còn dùng câu bị động thì tậ p trung (nhấn mạnh) vào tân ngữ, xem nhẹ chủ ngữ hoặc không xác định đượ c chính xác chủ ngử.

Đ

n

ễ i

D

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Ex: \ A lof money was stolen in a robery yesterday (some one stole it but we don’t know who) \ My mother cleans this room every day (empathise at subject (my mother)) \ This room is cleaned every day ( some one clean this room but we don’t care who does it). - Ngườ i ta thườ ng ng dùng câu bị động trong các văn kiện khoa học khi ta muốn nói cái gì đượ c làm từ cái gì, hay làm như th ế nào. Ngườ i ta cũng dùng câu bị động để nói về l ịch sử của sự vật. \ Paper is made from wood. 19 Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn





VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ This car is made of steel. \ The bridge was built in the 19th century. 4.

Note:

Các nội động từ không có dạng bị động mà chỉ có ngoại động từ mớ i có dạng bị động, một số động từ vừa là nội động từ vừa là ngoại động từ thì cũng có dạng bị động. Phân biệt nội động từ và và ngoại động từ : Nội động từ : Diễn tả hành động nội t ại của ng n gườ i nói hay ngườ i th ực hi h iện hành động. Nội động từ không cần có tân ngữ tr ực tiế p đi kèm. Nếu có thì phải có giớ i từ đ ừ đi tr ướ ướ c và cụm từ này sẽ đóng vai trò trạng từ ch chứ không phải là tân ngữ tr tr ực tiế p. -

h n ị

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Ex: \ He walks, (he walks in the sun). \ Birds fly, (birds fly in the sky). Ngoại động từ : Diễn tả hành động gây ra tr ực tiế p lên ngườ i hoặc vật. Ngoại động từ luôn có tân ngữ đi theo sau để hoàn thành ngh ĩ a của câu.

Đ


N

Ơ

Ex: \ I give him a book. \ My mother shouts at me. Sự phân biệt nội động từ và ngoại động mang tính tươ ng ng đối, một số động từ có thể là nội động từ trong câu này, nhưng cũng có thể làm ngoại động từ trong câu khác. Ex: Nội động từ The Train stopped He runs My job begins at 8.00 am

Ngoại động từ The driver stopped the Train He runs the machine I begin my job at 8.00 am

- Nếu là ngườ i hoặc vật tr ực tiế p gây ra hành động thì dùng ‘by’ nhưng nếu là vật gián tiế p gây ra hành động thì dùng ‘with’. Ex: \ The bird was shot with the gun. \ The bird was shot by the hunter. -


Chúng ta có thể dùng ‘get’ để thay thế cho ‘be’, dạng này thườ ng ng g ặ p trong văn nói khi muốn diễn đạt cái gì đó xảy ra đột ngột, mà ít khi gặ p trong văn viết.

Ex:


Đ

M

n

\ I got hit by a car (I was hit by a car).

D

\ I often get asked this question (we are often asked this question).

ễ i

-

Một số cấu trúc trong tiếng anh trông có vẻ như bị động nhưng không phải là bị động: + Sb have/get sth done: thuê ai làm việc gì đó.



Ex: \ I had my cell phone repaired yesterday (hôm qua tôi đưa điện thoại di động đi sửa). \ I got my hair cut last Friday (thứ sáu tuần tr ướ ướ c tôi đi cắt tóc). + Sth need/needs V-ing: cái gì đó cần phải làm. Ex: \ This room needs cleaning (∼ this room needs to be cleaned). Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



20




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Unit 6:

1.

REPORTED SPEECHS

Reported Statements

a. Form: S1 + said/told (Sb2) + (that) + S + V-one tence back. -

V-one tence back: ngh ĩ a là lùi lại một thì so vớ i câu trích dẫn tr ực tiế p. Tham kh ảo Bảng sau:

N

Bảng 3:

Thì Hiện tại thườ ng ng Hiện tại tiế p diễn Hoàn thành Hoàn thành tiế p diễn Tươ ng ng lai

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

Modal Verbs

-

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

HTT → QKT → QKHT HTTD → QKTD → QKHTTD HT → QKHT → QKHT HTTD → QKHTTD → QKHTTD To be going to → were/was going to Will → Would Can → Could May → Might Must → Had to Shall → Should Should → Should Could → Could


Khi chuyển sang câu gián tiế p các tân ngữ cũng đượ c chuyển đổi cho phù hợ p.

Các tr ạng từ chỉ thờ i gian và không gian cũng đượ c thay đổi như sau: \ Now → then \ Today → That day \ Yesterday → The day before/the previous day \ The day before yesterday → Two days before \ Tomorrow → The next/ the following day \ The day after tomorrow → In two days later \ Next + year/month/week… → The following + year/month/week… \ Last + year/month/week… → year/month/week… + before/The previous + year/month/week… \ 3 years/5 months… ago → 3 years/5 months… before \ This, these → That, those \ Here, Overhere → There, Overthere b. Examples: \ “I love you”, he says. → He said that he loved her. \ “The weather is fine to day”, she says. → She said that the weather was fine that day. \ “I’m going to buy a laptop for you tomorrow”, he tell his daughter. → He told her that he was going to buy a laptop for her the next day. \ Helen: “I was writing a letter at 8.am yesterday” Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn -


Ử


M



21




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city → Helen said told me that she had been writing a letter at 8.am the previous day. 2.

Reported questions

a. Form: - S1 + asked (Sb2) + Wh/how + S + V-one tence back. (1) - S1 + asked (Sb2) + if/whether + S + V-one tence back. (2) Note:

h n ị

-

Đ


n

ễ i

D

Công thức (1) áp dụng cho câu hỏi có từ để hỏi như các câu hỏi: ‘what, which, where, when, why, how’; còn công thức (2) áp dụng cho câu hỏi ‘yes/no’, khi đó ‘if/weather’ mang ngh ĩ a là ‘liệu’. Chú ý khi chúng ta dùng mẫu câu: ‘whether…or’ thì không dùng ‘if’ để thay thế cho ‘whether’.

Sau khi chuyển đổi sang dạng gián tiế p, thì k ết thúc câu là dấu chấm ‘.’, chứ không phải là dấu hỏi ‘?’ b. Examples: -

\ “what are you doing now?”, she asked me. → She asked me what I was doing then. \ “why didn’t you go to newyork last year?”, John asked me. → John asked me why I hadn’t gone to newyork the year before. \ “do you know her address?”, Jane asked David. → Jane asked David if he knew her address. \ Robert: “do I have to sign this contract?” → Robert asked me if he had to sign that contract. 3.

Reported commands, requests, advices, invitation

a. Form: - S 1 + asked/told + Sb2 (not) + to do sth: ra lệnh/yêu cầu ai đó làm hay không đượ c làm gì. - S1 + advised/encouraged + Sb2 (not) + to do sth: khuyên/động viên ai đó làm hay không làm việc gì. - S1 + invited + Sb2 + to do sth: Mờ i ai đó cùng làm gì đó. - S1 + warned + Sb2 + not + to do sth: cảnh báo ai đó không đượ c làm gì. b. Examples: \ “Could you close the window!”, he said. → He asked me to close the window. \ “Don’t run so fast”, she said to his son. → She told her son not to run so fast. \ “don’t worry”, he told me. → He advised me not to worry. \ “would you like to go to the cinema”, he said to his girl friend. → He invited his girl friend to go to the cinema. \ “you mustn’t go out tonight”, Jonh said to his son. → John warned his son not to go out that night.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Note:




22



h n ị


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Khi nói lại lờ i của ngườ i khác đã nói, mà hiện nay điều đó vẫn còn đúng thì chúng ta không cần chuyển đổi dạng của động từ: Ex: \ Swimming in the summer is my favourtite, Ana. → Ana said that swimming in the summer is her favourite. \ “I want to get married.” → She said she wants to get married. - Chú ý sự khác nhau của ‘tell’ và ‘say’: Chẳng hạn: ‘Go home!’ \ không nói: ‘He said me go home’, or ‘He told, go home’. \ Mà hãy nói: ‘He told me to go home’, or ‘He said, Go home!’.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Đ



“Love is not getting, but giving”. Tình yêu không phải là đ iề u ta nhận đ uợ c mà là nhữ ng ng gì ta cho đ i. i. “Love gegets love”. Tình yêu sản sinh ra tình yêu. “Bried is life but love is long”. ắ n như ng ườ ng Cuộc đờ i ng ắ ng tình yêu thì tr ườ ng cử u .

Ử


M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit 7



MODAL VERBS




23





Form:

Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should. Ngoài ra Ought to, used to, dare và need cũng đượ c sử dụng như động từ khuyết thiếu, dare, need: có thể sử dụng như là động từ thườ ng. ng. - S + modal verb + V. - Modal verb + S + V? Note:

-

Động từ đi sau động từ khuyết thiếu có dạng là nguyên thể không có ‘to’. - Không dùng 2 động từ khuyết thiếu đứng liền nhau trong 1 câu. - Trong câu hỏi, chúng ta không dùng tr ợ độ ợ động từ ‘do’, mà đảo động từ khuyết thiếu lên đầu câu. - Các dạng viết tắt: can not can’t → could not couldn’t → → will not won’t must not → mustn’t shall not → shan’t might not → mightn’t → would not wouldn’t should not shouldn’t → ought not oughtn’t → Tuy nhiên trong Amarican English để nhấn mạnh vào động từ khuyết thiếu, các động từ khuyết thiếu sau thườ ng ng ở d dạng đầy đủ mà viết tắt: must not, shall not, might not, and ought not.

Đ

Đ

n

ễ i

D

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

-

h n ị


Các động từ khuyết thiếu có cùng một dạng đối vớ i tất cả các ngôi (không thêm ‘s’ ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít).

2.

Use:

2.1. Can: dùng để nói về khả năng, khả năng có thể xảy ra, hoặc xin phép. Ex: \ I can swim very well. \ It can rain. \ Can I leave now. 2.2. Could: dùng yêu cầu/đề nghị ai đó làm làm gì nhưng mang tính lịch sự. Ex: \ Could you help me learn Grammar. 2.3. May: Dùng diễn tả về khả năng xảy ra của hành động, nhưng mức độ thấ p hơ n ‘Can’, ‘May’ thườ ng ng đượ c dùng trong câu xin phép mang tích chất lịch sự. \ May I go out. 2.4. Will/Shall: -

Dùng diễn tả một hành động sắ p sửa xảy ra, dùng dự đoán, hay dùng diễn tả m ột quyết định tại thờ i điểm nói.

-

‘Will’ sử d ụng v ớ i t ất c ả các ngôi, còn ‘Shall’ chỉ s ử d ụng đối v ớ i ngôi thứ nh ất(I, We). Trong anh Mỹ ngườ i ta r ất hiếm khi sử dụng “Shall’.






M



24




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Khi muốn giúp ai làm việc gì đó, hay đề nghị ai làm việc gì đó ta cũng thườ ng ng dùng Will/Shall. Ex: \ you will have to quence here. \ It will rain soon. \ I’ll go and close the door. (∼I go and close the door immediately). \ Shall I help you. \ Will you turn down the volume, please? 2.5. Must: - Dùng diễn đặt một sự bắt buộc phải làm. -

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

Dùng để phán đoán tình huống mà chúng ta cảm thấy là khả năng xảy ra lớ n. n. chú ý là: chỉ dùng cho thể khẳng định, ở th th ể phủ định thì ý ngh ĩ a của câu sẽ là ‘cấm ai làm gì đó’. Khi phán đoán ở th thể phủ định chúng ta dùng ‘Can not’.

Ex: \ We must do exercises in the evening. \ He must be here now. \ Someone must have stolen the motorbike last night. \ It can’t be suny and hot today. \ They have just move here, so they can’t know many people. Note:

Chúng ta dùng ‘Must’ và ‘Have to’ đều là để diễn tả sự cần thiết làm một việc gì đó, nhưng chúng ta cũng c ần để ý sự khác nhau giữa chúng. ‘Must’ mang tính chất cá nhân, dùng để diễn tả cảm giác của cá nhân mình. Còn ‘Have to’ không mang tính chất cá nhân mà diễn tả một luật lệ hay thực tế phải thế. \ I must go now. I think this is necessary. \ I have to go now, because the meeting starts at 8.am, if I go later I will be late. \ I must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things I want to do. \ I have to get up early tomorrow. I’m going to Ho Chi Minh city and my flight takes off at 8.am. -

-

Mustn’t do something: không đượ c làm (mang ngh ĩ a cấm đoán). \ You mustn’t go out until you complete you house work. \ You must be on time.

H N Y U Q . P T / O


G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

Don’t have to do something = don’t need to do something: không cần làm gì. \ You don’t have to tell that. 2.6. Should: -

D

N

Ơ

Ọ

M

-

Dùng để đưa ra một lờ i khuyên hay một ý kiến.

-

Should have done something: nói về sự hối tiếc, một vi ệc dáng làm trong quá khứ mà l ại không làm.



Ex: \ It is too late, You should go to bed now. \ He should have learnt harder (in fact, He failed the exam). \ It was a great party last night. You should have come. Why didn’t you come? 2.7. Would: Thườ ng ng dùng trong lờ i mờ i,i, đề nghị. -

Would you like: bạn có muốn…(lịch sự). \ Would you like a cup of coffee.




25




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ Would you like like to go to to the cinema tonight. ng h ợ p đề ngh ị ai làm việc gì đó ta có thể dùng: ‘Will/Shall, Can, Could’, hay ườ ng Note: Trong tr ườ cũng có thể sử dụng ‘Would’. Tuy nhiên ‘Can’ và ‘Could’ đượ c dùng nhiều hơ n. n. \ Would you be quiet, please? 2.8. Ought to: = Should 2.9. Might: Dùng diễn tả tình huống khả năng xảy ra thấ p. \ It might rain. (in fact, it is sunny and it hardly rain). Note:

- Khả năng xảy ra hành động có thể sắ p xế p theo thứ tự tăng dần như sau: Can’t < Might < May < Could < Can < Will < Going to < Must < Have to. h n ị

Đ


N

Ơ

- Dạng quá khứ của các modal verb tham khảo Bảng 3 2.10.Had 2.10.Had better (‘d better): Dùng để đưa ra lờ i khuyên hay đề nghị. -

Had better do something: Nên làm gì. Khác vớ i ‘Should’, ‘Should’ có thể dùng cho mọi tr ườ ng hợ p, còn ‘Had better’ chỉ sử ườ ng dụng cho những tr ườ ng hợ p cụ thể. ườ ng \ It is cold today, you’d better wear a coat when you go out. \ I think all drivers should wear seat belts (don’t use had better…).

“Success is a journey, not a destination”. Thành công là một hành trình, không phải là nơ i đế n. n. “On the way to success, there is no trace of lazy men”. Trên con đườ ng ng thành công không có d ấ ng! ấ u chân của k ẻ l ườ ườ i biế ng! “ success brings success”. ẫ n đ én Thành công d ẫ én thành công

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit 8:

1.



SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES

Linking words

1.1. Coordinate Connectors: for, and, but, or, so, yet. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



26




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city a. Form: S + V +…, Coordinate Connector + S + V +… Các mệnh đề đượ c nối vớ i nhau bằng một liên từ và dấu phẩy “,”. b. Examples:

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

-

He stays at home, for he was so ill.

-

Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.

-

John is tall, but Davit is short. Robert must cook the dinner, or Linda will do it.

-

His jacket was very durty, so his mother was very angry.

N

Ơ

- Tom is tired, yet he is not going to sleep. 2.1. Subordinate Connectors: after, before, as, as soon as, as if, since, until, how, why, when, whenever, where, wherever, while, because, if, incase, unless, whether, although, even though, though,… a. Form: - S + V + subordinate Connector + S + V - Adverb Connector + S + V, S + V Các mệnh đề đượ c nối vớ i nhau bằng một liên từ. Khi liên từ đứng giữa 2 mệnh đề thì không cần dấu phẩy. Khi liên từ đầu câu thì có dấu phẩy “,” ngăn cách giữa 2 mệnh đề. b. Examples: \ After I go home, I will phone you. \ As soon as he arrived to Paris, he went to visit the highest tower. \ I have tought this unversity since My moved to Hai phong city. \ We stayed up and waited for him until he came home. \ I don’t know when he can arrive. \ You should bring the coat with incase it rains. \ Although he feels better, he can’t work today. \… Note: Đối v ớ i m ột s ố liên từ nh ư: before, after, although, when, while…: thì mệnh đề đứng sau những liên từ này có thể viết d ướ i d ạng rút gọn: V-ing or V-ed (PII). (mệnh đề rút gọn xem thêm ở m mục 2 sau đây). Ex: \ Before leaving, He gave me this key and told me to stay at home. \ After given a meal, They were questioned why They fled the country. \ Although not selected for the team, He attends all of the games as a fan. \ When giving your speech, you should speak loundly and distinctly. 2.

Relative clauses with: who, which, that and reduced clauses

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Khi cần đưa thêm thông tin về ngườ i hoặc vật chúng ta sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ vớ i các đại từ quan hệ là: \ Who – dùng cho ngườ i.i. \ Which – dùng cho vật. \ That – có thể dùng cho ngườ i hoặc vật. Ex: \ The woman who/that who/that is is waving to us is the tour guide. \ The book which/that I gave you last time is my father’s. -




27




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 1.1. Defining relative clauses: (mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định). Mệnh đề quan hệ h ạn định đưa thêm thông tin để giải thích về ngườ i hoặc v ật mà chúng ta cần đề cậ p tớ i.i. Khi sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định cần lưu ý: -

Không sử dụng dấu phẩy “,”.

-

Có thể dùng ‘That’ thay cho ‘Who’ or ‘Which’.

-

Khi Who, Which, That: là tân ngữ thì có th ể lượ c bỏ .

Ex: h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

\ The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday. → The woman I wanted to see was away on holiday (bỏ Who). \ Have you found the keys which you lost. → Have you found the keys you lost (bỏ Which). \ is there anything that I can do? → is there anything I can do? (bỏ That). Note: Ta thườ ng ng sử dụng ‘That’ làm chủ ngữ sau các từ như: something, anything, all, little, much, none and superity comparsion Trong các tr ườ ng hợ p này ‘Which’ ít dùng hơ n. n. ườ ng 2.2. Undefining relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định). Một số mệnh đề quan hệ đượ c dùng để đưa thông tin về ngườ i hoặc vật nhưng thông tin này không cần thiết giải thích ngườ i hoặc vật mà ta muốn nói. Những mệnh đề đượ c gọi là quan hệ không hạn định. Khi sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định cần lưu ý: - Có dấu phẩy “,” ngăn cách giữa danh từ và mệnh đề quan hệ, giữa các mệnh đề quan hệ. -

Không dùng ‘That’ để thay cho ‘Who’ or ‘Which’. (đôi khi ‘That’ có thể thay cho ‘Which’, nhưng có ý kiến cho là không đúng, vì vậy lờ i khuyên là không dùng).

-

Không đượ c lượ c bỏ Who, Which.

Ex: \ These drugs, which is used to treat stomach ulcers, have been withdraw from sale. \ The master course, which I am taking, is more than one year left. \ John, who lives in japan, is a doctor. \ He tole me about his job, which he is enjoying very much. 2.3. Reduced clauses: Các mệnh đề quan hệ có thể viết dướ i hai hai dạng rút gọn như sau: - V-ing: Mệnh đề mang ý ngh ĩ a chủ động. - V-ed (PII): Mệnh đề mang ý ngh ĩ a bị động. Mỗi câu có thể đượ c viết dướ i dạng đầy đủ, hoặc dạng rút gọn. Khi viết dướ i d ạng rút gọn chúng ta lượ c bỏ đại từ quan hệ ‘Who, Which, That’ cùng vớ i động từ ‘to be’. Hoặc đối vớ i mệnh đề quan hệ động từ không phải là ‘to be’ mà là động từ thườ ng ng ‘V’, thì chúng ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ và biến đổi động từ về dạng V-ing. Ex: \ Do Do you know the man who is speaking Chinese. → Do you know the man speaking Chinese? (bỏ Who is) \ The bridge which was built in 1954 was damaged yesterday. → The bridge buit in 1954 was damaged yesterday (bỏ Which was). \ The case that is on the table is mine. → The case on the table is mine (bỏ That is). \ I don’t know the man who stands in front of us. → I don’t know the man standing in front of us (bỏ Who, stands → standing). Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



28




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Note:

Không phải lúc nào chúng ta cũng có thể viết câu dướ i dạng rút gọn. Chúng ta chỉ có thể rút gọn khi động từ đứng ngay sau đại từ quan hệ. Trong tr ườ ng hợ p động từ không đứng ườ ng ngay sau đại từ quan hệ (giữa chúng có 1 tân ngữ chẳng hạn) thì không thể viết câu dướ i dạng rút gọn. \ The man That you have just met is a tour giude. \ The letter Which you sent me arrived yesterday. Tuy ở 2 2 ví dụ trên vì đại từ quan hệ là tân ngữ cho nên có thể bỏ ‘That’ và “Which’. \ The man you have just met is a tour giude. \ The letter you sent me arrived yesterday. - Cuối cùng cần chú ý: Đối vớ i mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định cũng có thể viết dướ i dạng rút gọn. Xem ví dụ sau: \ The White House, Which is located in Washington, is the home of the president. → The White House, located in Washington, is the home of the president. → Located in Washington, The White House is the home of the president. \ The president, Who is now preparing to give a speech, is meeting with his advisors. → The president, now preparing to give a speech, is meeting with his advisors. → now preparing to give a speech, The president is meeting with his advisors. -

h n ị

Đ


“Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing” – Franklin. Khi chọn bạn hãy t ừ t ừ t ừ hơ n. n. ừ t ừ , khi thay đổ i bạn càng t ừ ừ t ừ h “There are three faithful friends: an old wife, an old dog and ready money” – Franklin. Franklin. Có ba ng ườ bé và một số ườ i bạn trung thành: một ng ườ ườ i vợ t ấ ấm cám, một con chó nuôi t ừ ừ bé tiề n d ự tr ữ ự tr ữ. “True love will never die”. Tình yêu thự c sự s sẽ không không bao giờ ch chế t. t.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit 9:

1.

OTHER PROBLEMS



Expression of quantity: all, most, some, half, none.

a. Form: All/most/some/half + of + the/this/that/my/her…+ (subject) + V

ườ ng All, most, some, half: đi cùng vớ i danh từ khác làm thành cụm danh từ. Trong tr ườ ng hợ p này cụm danh từ có thể là danh từ số nhiều hay số ít phụ thuộc vào danh từ theo sau. Nếu danh từ từ Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



29




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city theo sau là danh từ số ít thì cụm danh từ là danh từ số ít. Nếu danh từ theo sau là số nhiều thì cụm danh từ là danh từ số nhiều. b. Examples: \ All of this book is interesting. \ All of these books are interesting. \ Some of the animals from the Zoo were released into the animal preserve. \ Most of the people in America now are from Erope. \ Half of the food that we bought yesterday smells. \ None of this money is mine. Note:

-

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

Các từ định lượ ng ng như: “all, some, no, any, most, much, many, little, few” cũng có thể đi cùng vớ i danh từ tạo thành một cụm danh từ. Cụm danh từ là số ít hay số nhiều phụ thuộc vào danh từ theo sau. Nếu danh từ từ theo sau là danh từ s ố ít thì cụm danh từ là danh từ số ít. Nếu danh từ theo sau là số nhiều thì cụm danh từ là danh từ số nhiều.

Ex: \ All cars have wheels. \ Some people hate eating fish. \ No ones in my class can play tenis as well as john \ Most people want to be rich. \ Many things can change. \ We only have little sugar left. - Nhưng chúng ta cần chú ý sự khác nhau giữa 2 cách dùng ở trên. trên. Chẳng hạn: \ All of the flowers in the garden are beautiful: tất cả hoa trong vườ n đều đẹ p. \ All flowers are beautiful: tất cả các loài hoa đều đẹ p. 2.

Singular and plural nouns/ countable and uncountable nouns

For singular nouns For plural nouns

each both

For countable nouns For uncountable nouns

many much

every two

single many number amount

one several few little

a various fewer less

Note:

Đối vớ i các từ sau luôn luôn là danh từ số ít: anybody everybody nobody somebody each (+ noun) anyone everyone no one someone evry (+ noun) anything everything nothing something - Hầu hết các danh từ khi chuyển sang số nhi nh iều thì chúng ta thêm ‘s’, hoặc thêm ‘es’ đối vớ i các danh từ tận cùng là: -s, -sh, -ch, -x,-o. Ex: classes, matches, washes, boxes…Tuy nhiên có một số danh từ khi chuyển sang số nhiều không tuân theo quy tắc trên. Ex: \ Vowel change: man/men, woman/women, foot/feet, tooth/teeth, goose/geese, mouse/mice. \ Add –en: child/children, ox/oxen. \ same as singular: deer, fish, salmon, sheep, trout. \ -is → -es: analysis/analyses, axis/axes, crisis/crises. 30 Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn -


N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M







h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

A/an and The

a. A and An ướ c danh từ đếm đượ c s ố ít nếu nh ư danh từ đó b ắt đầu b ằng 1 phụ - Chúng ta dùng ‘a’ tr ướ âm. Ex: a book, a man, a page… - Chúng ta dùng ‘an’ tr ướ ướ c danh từ đếm đượ c s ố ít nếu như danh từ đó b ắt đầu là bằng 1 nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u), hoặc danh từ đó bắt đầu là 1 phụ âm ‘h’ câm: Ex: an orange, an Automobile, an unhappy man, an hour, an honest man, an umbrella… Nhưng chú ý r ằng: ‘a University’ chứ không phải là ‘an University’ vì phiên âm của nó: /ju:ni’vε:s∂ ti/. nh chỉ một điều gì đó, thay vì dùng ‘a’ hay ‘an’ ngườ i ta dùng ‘one’. Đôi khi để nhấn mạnh ch Ex: close one eye, and then the other. b. The ướ c danh từ mà danh từ đó đã xác định. Khi ‘The’ đây gọi là mạo từ xác định, nó đứng tr ướ danh từ đi cùng vớ i ‘the’ tạo thành cụm danh từ, sử dụng cụm danh từ này như là danh từ số ít. Các tr ườ ng hợ p danh từ đã xác định như sau: ườ ng - Cấ p so sánh nhất: the best, the biggest, the most expensive… - Vật duy nhất: the sun, the earth, the north… - Khi đề cậ p đến các các các danh từ vớ i ngh ĩ a chung chung: the whether, the climate, the human race, the atmosphere, the sea, the public, the environment, the sky, the ground, the wind, the future, the past,…Tuy nhiên khi muốn mô tả những tr ườ ng hợ p cụ thể chúng ta ườ ng phải dùng ‘a’ hoặc ‘an’. Xem ví dụ sau: \ She could hear the wind whistling through the trees outside. \ There is a cold wind blowing from the north. - Tr ướ ướ c danh từ đã xác định tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí: the girl in blue - The + Adj: mang ngh ĩ a c ủa một giai cấ p, s ử dụng như một danh từ số nhiều: the old, the young, the poor, the rich… - Khi vật hoặc ngườ i định nói đã xác định rõ: Ex: \ what do you think of the book. (the book you are reading). \ This tastes lovely. What is in the glass. - ‘The’ ‘The’ thườ ng ng đượ c sử dụng cùng cụm từ: the… of…the of… Ex: \ Pictures can help students learn the meaning of new words. \ The war has killed a quarter The Population of the country. \ He was woken by the sound of gunfire. - ‘The’ cũng thườ ng ng đượ c dùng vớ i các cấu trúc: \ all of the… ,some of the…(xem ở m mục 1). \ the…of…: the back of…, the beginning of…, the bottom of…, the end of…the middle of…, the side of…, the top of… Ex: at the top of this paper, there is a wide spot. - Không dùng ‘the’ vớ i các danh từ: home, bed, church, court, prison, hospital, school, class, university…khi chúng thực sự mang ngh ĩ a công dụng của chúng, trong tr ườ ng hợ p chúng ườ ng mang ngh ĩ a khác vớ i công dụng thông thườ ng ng của chúng thì chúng ta cũng có thể dùng ‘the’. \ I go to school at 6.am ( I’m a student). \ My father goes to the school to meet my teacher. Note: có thể dùng this, that, these, those, my, her, his,…để thay thế cho the và ngượ c lại the cũng đượ c dùng để thay thế cho các từ trên. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



31





h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

Position of Adjectives and Adverbs

a. Position of Adjective: ướ c danh từ để giải thích bổ ngh ĩ a cho danh từ. (Ex: a lucky man, a happy - Tính từ đứng tr ướ man…) - Tính từ đứng sau động từ linking veb: To appear: có vẻ To be: thì, là To become: bắt đầu tr ở nên ở nên ở nên, To come: tr ở nên, đến To fall: tr ở nên ở nên To feel: cảm thấy To get: tr ở nên ở nên ở nên To go: tr ở nên To grow: tr ở nên ở nên To keep: tiế p tục To look: trông có vẻ To prove: hóa ra, thành ra To remain: vẫn cứ To run: tr ở nên ở nên To seem: hình như, dườ ng ng như To sound: nghe có vẻ To smell: có mùi To taste: có vị To turn: tr ở nên ở nên To stay: vẫn cứ To make: làm cho To get: tr ở thành ở thành To see: thấy To find: nhận ra Ex: \ Vietnamese people become independent and prosperos. Tính từ vị ngữ đứng sau động từ (không bao giờ đứ ờ đứng tr ướ ướ c danh từ): alike, alive, alone, afraid, asleep. Ex: That snake is still alive.Tính từ đứng sau những từ sau đây: something, everything, enything, nothing, none, anybody, everyone, anyone, someone. Ex: \ I have something new to tell you. \ There is nothing necessary to do now. -

- Tính từ đứng sau từ chỉ đo lườ ng: ng: Ex: \ You are five minutes late. \ The rive 50 kilometers long. Note: Các từ all, both đứng sau đại từ Ex: \We all hope you will be successful. \You both go out! Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



32




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city b. Position of Adverb: Thông thườ ng ng phó từ đượ c thành lậ p b ằng cách thêm ‘ly’ vào sau tính từ, ch ẳng h ạn: usually, beautifully…; ngoài ra có một số từ bản thân nó có ngh ĩ a là tr ạng từ, chẳng hạn: here, there, nowhere, often, always…; có một số từ vừa là tính từ vừa là tr ạng từ, chẳng hạn: fast, hard… Phó từ có thể b ổ ngh ĩ a cho động t ừ, tính từ ho ặc phó từ khác. Nó có thể đứng đầu, đứng ườ ng cuối câu, và cũng có tr ườ ng hợ p nó có c ó thể đứng gi ng giữa câu. Nhưng khi động từ có m ột tân ngữ thì phó từ không đứng giữa động từ và tân ngữ. xem ví dụ: \ He has taken recently an English course. (sai) Câu trên nên đượ c viết lại như sau: \ Recently, he has taken an English course. \ He has recently taken an English course. \ He has taken an English course recently. Note: Khi phó từ đứng giữa câu, thì nó đứng vào vị trí của ‘not’, nếu trong câu đã có ‘not’ r ồi thì nó đứng sau ‘not’. Ex: \ I don’t fully understand. -

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

-

Phó từ ch ỉ n ơ i ch ốn th ườ ng ng đứng cuối câu, tuy nhiên trong một s ố tr ườ ng h ợ p có thể để ườ ng cuối câu.

Ex: \ There are a lot of books on the table. \ I go home, and he walks to work. \ Next to the window is a bookcase. \ on the wall is my family picture. -

Phó từ chỉ tần suất bất định như: often, usually, always, rarely, regularly, seldom, never,…thườ ng ng đứng ở v vị trí giữa câu.

Ex: \ She regularly comes home after midnight. \ She is often late. Một số phó từ khác như: sometimes, occasionally, normally có thể đứng đầu, cuối hay giữa câu. \ I normally get up after 6 o’clock., but sometimes I have to be up by five. - Phó từ chỉ thờ i gian thườ ng ng đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu, mà ít khi đứng giữa. Ex: \ I went to Paris yesterday. Hoặc Yesterday I went to Paris. Phó từ chỉ mức độ như: very, too, extremely, quite, really, completely,…thườ ng ng đứng tr ướ ướ c tính từ hoặc động từ. Ex: \ They are extremely happy. \ I really hate travelling by plane. - Phó từ ch ỉ bình luận, quan điểm như: personally, generally, chemically, technically… có thể đứng đầu, cuối, hay giữa câu. Tuy nhiên ngườ i ta thườ ng ng đặt đầu câu hơ n. n. \ personally, I don’t agree with you that solution. -

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Phó từ ch ỉ s ự t ậ p trung chú ý như: ‘even, only’ thườ ng ng đứng giữa câu, nhưng khi chúng đề cậ p đến chủ ngữ thì chúng lại đứng tr ướ ướ c chủ ngữ. Ex: Only John solved the math problem (≠ John only solved the math problem). -




33



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Trong tiếng anh trang tr ọng, văn chươ ng, ng, phó từ chỉ tần suất bất định có ngh ĩ a ‘phủ định’ có thể đứng đầu câu. Khi đó chúng ta phải dùng cấu trúc ‘đảo ngữ’. Các phó từ kiểu này bao gồm: only, never, not once, barely, hardly, rarely, seldom, at no time, no sooner. Ex: \ Only once did rhe manager issue overtime paychecks. \ Never has John taken a vacation. \ Not once was he at home when I phoned. \ Hardy ever does he take time off. \ At no time can the woman talk on telephone. \ Barely had he finished the exam when the graduate assistant collected the papers. \ No sooner had she hung up the phone than it rang again. 5.

Word form:

5.1. Prefixes -

Thông thườ ng ng trong tiếng anh, chúng ta hay gặ p tiền tố đượ c sử dụng k ết hợ p v ớ i tính từ tạo ra các tính từ khác vớ i ngh ĩ a đối lậ p. Các tiền tố hay gặ p như: un, in, dis. Ex: happy/unhappy, comfortable/uncomfortable, direct/indirect, convenient/inconvenient, loyal/disloyal, similar/dissimilar…

Note: \ ‘in’ tr ở ở thành ‘im’

đứng tr ướ ướ c các tính từ bắt đầu vớ i ‘m’ hoặc ‘p’. Ex: immature,

impartial, impatien… \ ‘in’ tr ở ở thành thành ‘ir’ đứng tr ướ ướ c các tính từ bắt đầu vớ i ‘r’. Ex: irreplaceable, irreversible… ở thành thành ‘il’ đứng tr ướ ướ c các tính từ bắt đầu vớ i ‘il’. Ex: illegal, illiterate… \ ‘in’ tr ở Tuy nhiên ‘in’ không phải lúc nào cũng cho ngh ĩ a đối lậ p. Ex: internal, import, insert, income… -

Các tiền tố ‘un’, ‘dis’ k ết h ợ p vớ i các động từ tạo ra các động từ vớ i ngh ĩ a đối lậ p. Ex: undress, unbend, undo,unload, unlock, unwrap, unzip, disagree, disapprove, disbelieve, disconnect, dislike, disprove…

Sau đây là một số tiền tố khác: Prefix Meaning anti chống lại auto tự động Bi hai, hai lần Ex tr ướ c, cũ, nguyên ướ c, Ex bên ngoài micro nhỏ Mis sai, nhầm mono đơ n multi nhiều over quá post sau Pro ủng hộ Re lặ p lại ở d Sub dướ i under chưa đủ

-



H N Y U Q . P T / O


G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

Examples anti-war, antibiotic, intisocial autogragh, auto-pilot, autobiography bicycle, bi-monthy, biannual ex-wife, ex-president, ex-student extract, exhale, excommunicate micro-computer, microwave, microscopic misunderstand, mistranslate, misinform monotonous, monologue, monogamous mutil-national, multi-purpose, mutil-racial overdo, overtired, overeat postwar, postgraduate, post-revolutionary pro-governmet, pro-revolutionary retype, reread, replace, rewind Subway, submarine, underworked, underused, undercooked


N

Ơ

Ọ

M



34




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 5.2. Suffixes a. Common noun suffixes: -

er/ or: sử d ụng cho ngườ i th ực hi ện m ột hành động nào đó. Ex: writer, worker, shopper, teacher, actor, operator, sailor, supervisor…

-

er/ or: cũng đượ c sử dụng cho vật. Ex: pencil-sharpener, bottle-opener, projector… ion: đượ c sử dụng để thành lậ p danh từ đượ c động từ. Ex: complication, pollution, reduction, admission…

h n ị

Đ


-

ist: đượ c sử dụng cho ngườ i chơ i các nhạc cụ. Ex: pianist, violinist, cellist…

-

ness: đượ c sử dụng để thành lậ p danh từ từ tính từ, chú ý đối vớ i các tính từ đuôi ‘y’ ướ c khi them ‘ness’. Ex: goodness, sadness, weakness, chúng ta thay ‘y’ bằng ‘i’ tr ướ happiness, readiness…

less: đượ c sử dụng để thêm vào sau danh từ tạo thành tính từ mang ngh ĩ a đối lậ p. Ex. Homeless, heartless… b. Adjective suffix - able/ible: Các hậu tố này k ết hợ p vớ i động từ tạo ra tính từ vớ i ngh ĩ a ‘có thể đượ c làm’. Ex: drinkable, washable, readable, countable, edible, flexible… c. Verb suffix -

d.

ise (or ize): dùng k ết hợ p vớ i tính từ tạo ra động từ. Ex: modernise, commercialise, industrialise, specialise. Một số hậu tố khác

-

ment (n): enjoyment, replacement

-

ity (n): flexibility, ability, possibility

-

hood (n): childhood, motherhood

-

ship (n): friendship, partnership, membership al (n): refusal, arival

-

ive (a): active, expensive, attractive

-

al (a): legal, national, natural

n

-

ous (a): delicious, furious, generous

D

-

ful (a): hopeful, beautiful, useful less (a): homeless, useless, harmless

-

ify (v): beautify, purify, identify

Đ

ễ i

6.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Parallel structure

Tr ướ ướ c và Sau các từ nối là cấu trúc song song: ngh ĩ a là tr ướ ướ c và sau từ nối này có cùng một dạng cấu trúc. Chẳng hạn cùng là danh từ, cùng là động từ, cùng là tính từ, cùng là hiện tại, cùng là quá khứ, cùng là một dạng mệnh đề… Same structrure and Same structrure but 35 Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn 1.





VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city or Ex: \ Yesterday, I met him and his girlfriend at the party. \ The exam was short but difficult. \ You can stay at home or go to the cinema with us. Khi viết câu dướ i dạng liệt kê, số cấu trúc song song niều hơ n 2 thì có dấu phẩy (,) ngăn cách giữa chúng. (Trong tr ườ ng số cấu trúc song song là 2 thì không cần có dấu (,) như trên). ườ ng

h n ị

Đ


and (Same structure), (Same structrure) but or Ex: \ I have been to Hai Phong city, Ha Long bay, and Da Lat city. 2. Cấu trúc song song đượ c áp dụng vớ i các thành ngữ sau: both either neither not only

(Same structrure)

N

Same structrure

and or nor but also

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O


(Same structrure)

Ex:

3.

\ I know both where you went and what you did. \ Either Mark or Sue holds the book. \ The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse. \ He is not only an intelligent student but also a handsome student. Trong câu so sánh ngườ i ta sử dụng cấu trúc song song: more…than -er…than less…than as…as the same…as similar…to

Same structrure

The

-er more

(Same structrure),

Same structrure

Ử

The

-er more

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

(Same structrure)

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Ex: \ what he did the same as what I did (not…the same as I did) \ Music in my country is similar to music in your country (not …similar to your country) \ The more we learn, the more we forget. \ The more we use the phone, the higher the bill will be. 7.



Inverted subjects and verbs

1. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa tr ạng từ phủ định: Nhìn chung, chung , câu đảo ng ữ th ườ ng ng đượ c dùng để nh ấn m ạnh tính đặc bi ệt c ủa một s ự ki ện nào đó và thườ ng ng đượ c mở đầ ở đầu bằng một phủ định từ. - Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ ), ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi). Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



36



h n ị

Đ



VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Câu đảo ngữ chứa những tr ạng ngữ này thườ ng ng đượ c dùng vớ i động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có chứa so sánh hơ n. n. Ex: \ Never have I been more insulted! \ Seldom has he seen anything stranger. - Nhóm từ: hardly (hầu như không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mớ i), i), or scarcely (chỉ mớ i,i, vừa vặn). Câu đảo ng ữ ch ứa tr ạng ngữ này thườ ng ng đượ c dùng để di ễn đạt m ột chu c huỗi các sự ki ện x ảy ra trong quá khứ. \ Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. \ No sooner had he finished dinner, when she walked in the door. 2. Nhóm từ k ết hợ p sau “Only” như: only after, only when, only then… \ Only then did I understand the problem. 3. Nhóm từ: So, Such Form: So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ … Such + to be + Danh từ +…” \ So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. \ So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. \ Such is the moment that all greats traverse. \ Such is the stuff of dreams. 4. Dạng câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ: ườ ng Câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ mang sắc thái trang tr ọng hơ n. n. Trong tr ườ ng hợ p này, thực hiện ở mệnh đề ‘if’ và chúng ta bỏ qua, không sử dụng ‘if’ nữa \ Had Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes. \ Should he decide to come, please phone me immediately. “Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends with a tear”. Tình yêu bắ t đầu bằ ng ng một nụ cườ i, i, l ớ ng một nụ hôn và k ế ng một giọt nướ c ớn lên bằ ng ết thúc bằ ng mắ t. t. “Never say goodbye if you still want to try - never give up if you still feel you can go on never say you don't love a person anymore if you can't let go”. Đừ ng ưu luyế n, ừ b ng bao giờ nói nói t ạm bi ệt n ế u như b b ạn còn l ư n, đừ ng ng nói bao giờ nói nói t ừ b ỏ n ế u nh ư bạn cảm thấ y còn có thể ti tiế p t ục , đừ ng ng bao giờ nói anh không yêu em nử a nế u như bạn không thể không không nghĩ đế n ng ườ a. ườ i ấ y nử a.

Đ

n

ễ i

D

“It's true that we don't know what we've got until we lose it, but it's also true that we don't know what we've been missing until it arrives”. Unit 10:

1.

PREPOSITION

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Time prepositions

a. At: chỉ thờ i gian chính xác (chính xác đến giờ ). ). Ex. at 8 a.m, at 12:15 p.m… Note:

\ \ \

at times = sometimes at first (lúc đầu) >< at last (cuối cùng) at the beginning of…Ex. at the beginning of the month…




37




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ at the end of…: ở cu cuối. Ex. at the end of the year… \ at + tên ngày lễ: at chrismas, at thanks giving, at Easter… \ at midnight/noon: giữa đêm/giữa tr ưa \ at once: ngay lậ p tức \ at present/the moment: bây giờ b. In: chỉ khoảng thờ i gian dài (thờ i gian đứng sau in >= month): month, season, quarter, year, decade, century… Ex. , in may 1984, in summer, in 1999, in 19th century… Note:

h n ị

Đ


\ in the morning: vào buổi sang \ in the afternoon: vào buổi chiều \ in the evening: vào buổi tổi \ in the day: vào ban ngày \ in the night: vào ban đêm \ in the year of 2007: vào năm 2007 \ in + a period of time: 1 thờ i điểm trong tươ ng ng lai. Ex. I will have an exam in 2 months. \ in the end: cuối cùng, sau cùng (nói về k ết quả cuối cùng của tình huống). Ex. Tom couldn’t decide where to go for holiday. In the end, he decided to go to France. c. On: chỉ thờ i gian chính xác đến ngày. Ex. on Saturday, on the fourth of july. Note:

- Ngườ i ta r ất hiếm khi dùng at/in/on tr ướ c: last, next, every, this, that khi sau các từ này ướ c: là các thành ngữ chỉ thờ i gian. Ex. see you next Friday (not on next Friday). - Sự khác nhau giữa ‘on time’ và ‘in time’: \ on time: đúng giờ , không tr ể. Ex. the flight left on time. \ in time: vừa k ị p p lúc (sớ m hơ n một chút). Ex. I have just sent her a birthday present. I hope it arrives in time. d. Other time prepositions:

-

By + time: tr ướ c… Ex. by 1999, by this morning Thursday, by the first war… ướ c…

-

For + a period of time:

để nói một sự việc xảy ra trong thờ i gian bao lâu. Ex. for 2

years, for 5 days… -

Since: từ…sau ‘since’ có thể là một thờ i điểm cụ thể hoặc một mệnh

đề thờ i gian. Ex.

During + a noun: trong thờ i gian… Ex. during 1900s, during the war, during nineteenth

century, during the last week… \ There were millions of people killed during the second war.

Đ

n

ễ i

D

2.

H N Y U Q . P T / O


since 200, since I was a 5-year-old boy… -

N

Ơ

-

From…to…: từ…đến… Ex. I teach here from Monday to Saturday except Wednesday.

-

đến khi… Ex. till/until the end of the month, till/until this evening, tomorrow, next week… \ let’s wait here till/until it stops raining. Till/until + noun/clause: cho


M



Place prepositions

a. At: Chỉ một địa điểm xác định cụ thể. Ta dùng ‘at’ nói về nơ i ch c hốn mà ta ngh ĩ đế ĩ đến như là một

địa điểm h ơ n là một vùng, và về một địa điểm lớ n đượ c xem là nơ i trung chuyển hay nơ i gặ p gỡ của nhiều ngườ i: i: Ex. at the




38




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city conner of that building, at Hanoi station, at the Bus stop, at the conference, at the meeting, at the party… Note: \ at home: ở nhà nhà

\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \

h n ị

Đ


b.

-

n

D

Dùng ‘in’ khi muốn nói ở trong trong một không gian có ranh giớ i,i, phạm vị rõ rang. Ex. in the box, in the blue bottle, in my car, in her room, in the circle…

Dùng ‘in’ khi nói về thờ i tiết: in the sky, in the rain, in the sun, in the sunlight, in the moonlight, in the shade, in the dark ườ ng - Ngườ i ta cũng sử dụng ‘in’ vớ i các tr ườ ng hợ p sau: \ in ink, in pencil…: viết bằng mực, viết bằng bút chì… \ in English, English, in Japanese, in Chinese…: nói bằng tiếng Anh, tiếng Nhật, tiếng Trung Quốc. \ in one’s opinion: theo ý kiến của ai. \ in engineering field (trong ĩ nh vực cơ khí), khí), in mathematical (về mặt toán học)… lĩ nh \ in the book, in the dictionary, in the newspaper, in the magazine... \ in the middle of…/in the centre of… \ in cash: tr ả bằng tiền mặt. \ in that photogragh, in this picture, in the mirror. mirror. -

c.

On:

-

Đ

ễ i

at work: ở ch chỗ làm at the office: ở c cơ quan, quan, công sở at school:ở tr tr ườ ng học ườ ng at university: ở tr tr ườ ng đại học ườ ng at the top/bottom (of the page): ở đầ ở đầu/cuối (trang) at the front/back (of the row): ở tr tr ướ c/sau (hàng)) ướ c/sau at the end of sth: ở cu cuối…Ex. at the end of the street, at the end of this building… at the age of…, at the speed of…: ở tu tuổi, ở t tốc độ In: Ta dùng ‘in’ khi muốn nói đến một vùng rộng hơ n. n. Dùng ‘in’ vớ i các địa điểm như làng, xã, quận huyện, thành phố, tỉnh, đất nướ c, châu lục…Ex. in the village, in London city, in Korea, in Europe…

-

-

d.

Chúng ta dùng ‘On’ khi nói về s ự ti ế p xúc xú c v ật này nằm trên vật khác. Ex. on that table, st on the floor, on the ceiling, on 1 page, on horseback, on the farm, on the beach, on the street, on the pavement… Dùng ‘on’ khi nói đến các phươ ng ng tiện mang tính phục v ụ công cộng: on TV, on radio, on the internet, on the phone… Dùng ‘on’ khi diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra: on fire (đang cháy), on business(đang đi công tác), on holiday (đang đi nghỉ), on diet (đang ăn kiêng). Ex. where is Tom, he is on holiday in Chicago.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Chúng ta cũng nói: \ on the wall, on his face: trên tườ ng, ng, trên mặt anh ta. \ on foot: đi bộ \ on the the left, left, on the right: bên trái, bên phải. Other place prepositions:




39




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Above/over: ở trên, trên, bên trên. Đôi khi chúng có thể thay thế cho nhau. Ex. \ Flags waved above/over our heads. \ look! there is a plane flying above/over our village. Tuy nhiên có sự khác nhau giữa chúng: ‘above’ chỉ vật ngay bên trên, còn ‘over’ chỉ vật có thể ở ngay ngay bên trên hoặc không. ‘above’ chỉ sự cao hơ n so vớ i vật khác, còn ‘over’ chỉ các lớ p, thứ tự các lớ p (quần áo). \ there are 2 ceiling fans above our heads. \ I wear a jacket over a white shirt. \ \ \

h n ị

Đ


3.

ở dướ i,i, bên dướ i.i. above >< bellow, over>
Movement prepositions

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O


-

From…to…: từ…đến

-

To: đến

-

Up/down: lên/xuống. he went up/down stairs. Across: qua. The children swam across the river.

-

Along: dọc theo. I saw her walking along this street yesterday.

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

Đ

-

Through: xuyên qua. They went through 3 forests

M

ễ i

-

About: về. talk about the topic

-

Again: lặ p lại. do it again

-

Against: chống lại.

-

Off: khỏi (r ờ ờ i khỏi). The plane took off at 8.am this morning.

n

D

Ử

Ọ



Note:

Khi nói đi bằng phươ ng ng tiện gì chúng ta dùng ‘by’: by Bus, by car, by plane, by ship, by train, by bicycle, by coach. Nhưng ‘on foot’. Không nói ‘by the Bus’ mà nói ‘by bus’ - Khi nói đến các phươ ng ng tiện chuyên chở mang mang tính công cộng chúng ta dùng ‘on’: on the bus, on the plane, on the train, on the ship. Nhưng dùng ‘in’ đối vớ i ‘car’: in the car. -




40




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Các từ: home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs không dùng dướ i t ừ. 4.

Other prepositions

-

According to/due to: theo…according to the Vietnamnews, techcombank lost $1000000 in a robbery yesterday.

-

Instead of: thay vì. Tonight, I will go out instead of staying at home as usual.

-

Regardless of: bất chấ p. we have to go to work regardless personal p ersonal problems. Except: ngoại tr ừ. I like learning most of subjects except English.

-

h n ị

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Đ


“Freindship is like the light of fireflies. The darker it is, the brighter the light will be”. Tình bạn như ánh ánh sáng đ om om đ óm. óm. Tr ờ n. ờ i càng t ố ối thì độ sáng càng rõ hơ n.


“Better an open enemy than a false friend”. ượ ng ườ i bạn xấ u. Thà có một k ẻ thù r ộng l ượ ng còn hơ n là có một ng ườ u. “A friend that frowns is better than a smiling enemy”. Ng ườ ng thắ n còn t ố m. ườ i bạn cau có, thẳ ng ốt hơ n ng ườ ườ i bạn cườ i nham hiể m.

Ử


M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit 11:

SPECIAL FORMS

1.

Used to do sth: thườ ng ng làm gì.

2. 3.



\ I used to fish with my my father when I was a child. Be/get used to V-ing: quyen vớ i… i… \ I am used to living alone. Have/get Sb do sth: sai khiến, bảo ai làm gì.




41



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city \ I will have Peter fix my car. 4. Have/get sth done: đưa gì đi làm (thuê). \ I got my car washed yesterday. 5. Let Sb do sth: để ai đó làm gì. \ let me do it for you. 6. Make Sb do sth: khiến ai đó làm gì. \ He makes me finish the report before 8.am tomrrow. 7. Make Sb PII: làm ai bị làm sao \ Working all all Friday night made me me tired on saterday. 8. Cause sth PII: làm cái gì bị làm sao. \ The big thunder storm caused many houses last year. 9. Make Sb/sth Adj: Làm tr ở nên. ở nên. \ Speaking English a lot makes us more confident. 10. Help Sb do sth: giúp ai đó làm gì. \ I help students learn English Grammar. 11. Tell/ask/advise/invite/allow/permit Sb to do sth: b ảo, yêu cầu, khuyên, mờ i,i, cho phép ai làm gì. \ At fisrt, She doesn’t allow me to kiss her. 12. Like/love/hate/dislike V-ing: thích, ghét làm gì. \ She likes reading novels. 13. Start/finish/continue V-ing: bắt đầu, k ết thúc, tiế p tục làm gì. \ I started learning English 7 years ago. 14. Would like to V: muốn (lịch sự). (≠ would like V-ing: sở thích) thích) \ Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 15. Something/ Somebody/Somewhere to V: \ I need somewhere to go. 16. What/where/when/how to V: \ I don’t really know what to do now. 17. Need/needs V-ing: Cần đượ c làm gì. \ This room needs cleaning. 18. It is no use V-ing: thật vô ích làm gì. \ It’s no use crying. 19. It is no worth V-ing: không đáng làm gì. \ It’s no worth reading some some books like like this. 20. There is no point in V-ing: chẳng có lý do gì để… \ There is no point in arguing. 21. Be similar to sth: tươ ng ng tự như là. \ Her story is similar to mine. 22. Be diferent from sth: Khác. \ The culture in America is very different from the culture in Vietnam. 23. Look like: giống như là. \ She looks like her mother. 24. The same (N) as: giống như là. \ The book you bought looks the same as mine. \ She studied studied English the same school as I 25. Try to do sth: cố gắng làm gì. \ All students try to pass their exams. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



42



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 26. Try doing sth: thử làm gì. \ We tried running the the machine, machine, but it didn’t run. 27. Spend time/money doing sth/ spend time/money on sth: dùng thờ i gian/tiền làm gì. \ I spend 2 hours learning English every day. \ We spent 100$ on that party. 28. It takes Sb time to do sth: ai đó mất bao nhiêu thờ i gian để làm gì. \ It takes me about 30 minutes to go from my house to school. 29. Leave: để quyên.(≠forget = can’t remember). \ I left it at home. 30. Leave …for…: r ờ i…đến… ờ i… \ In 1999, I left Hanoi city city for Ho Chi Minh city. city. 31. Find it difficult to do sth: thấy khó để làm gì. \ I find it difficult to pass all exams this semester. 32. It is necessary for sb to do sth: đối vớ i…, i…, làm gì đó là cần thiết. \ It is necessary for you to explain to her. 33. so as (not) to do sth/ in order (not) to do sth: để làm gì/ để không làm gì. \ He took the course in order to get a better job. \ The land was bought quickly not so as to delay building work. 34. So that/in order that Clause: để… \ She stayed at work late so that she could complete the report. 35. So … that…: quá …đến nổi. \ The thief ran so quickly that I couldn’t catch him. 36. Be made of: Đượ c làm bằng (vật liệu làm nên vật, không có sự biến đổi vật liệu) \ This table is made of wood 37. Be made from: Đượ c làm ra từ (vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn khỏi tr ạng thái ban đầu) \ Paper is made from wood 38. Be made with: Đượ c làm vớ i (nhiều vật liệu làm nên vật) \ This soup tastes good because it was made with a lot of spices. 39. Be sick/tired of doing sth = Be fed up with: chán (ngấy) làm gì. \ I am tired of doing the same job. 40. Because clause: sau ‘because’ dùng một mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh. 41. Because of sth = due to sth: \ The The accident was because of/ due to heavy rain. 42. despite/inspite of sth: bất chấ p, mặc dù. \ Despite heavy rain, he stood in the rain without any raincoat until his girl friend came home. 43. Although/Even though/Though clause: Mặc dù (đi sau là một mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh). 44. Be busy doing sth: bận làm gì. \ She is busy adtending the the meeting, leave maseges, please. 45. Not only ..... but also…: không những mà còn. \ He writes not only correctly but also neatly. 46. As well as: cùng vớ i (sử dụng vớ i hiện tượ ng ng đồng chủ ngữ). \ The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert. \ My cousins, as well as Tim, Tim, have a test tomorrow. 47. As well as: cũng như (cấu trúc tr ướ ướ c và sau cụm từ này thõa mãn cấu trúc song song). 48. 48. both…and…: vừa…vừa… \ He is both intelligent and handsome. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



43




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 49. It is time to do sth/It is time for sth: đã đến lúc làm gì. \ It is time to go home. \ It is time for lunch. 50. Be responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm về. \ The master is responsible for the ship. 51. Be Experiened in doing sth/ have experience in doing sth: có kinh nghiệm về. \ He is experienced in solving problems like this. N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit 12:



IDIOMS

- No need to say: không cần nói - More than any ever: hơ n bao giờ h hết - However wanted or not: dù muốn hay không - As far as: về phần. Ex. As far as my English is awful. - As for sb: còn về ai Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



44



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Day after day: ngày ngày qua ngày khác ở đi - From now/tomorrow on: từ giờ /ngày /ngày mai tr ở đ - Up to now/ until now: cho đến nay - It is said that: ngườ i ta nói r ằng - It is true to say that= It is fair to say that: công bằng mà nói - If I was not mistaken: nếu như tôi không nhầm - How is it possible?: làm sao mà nó có thể (không thể nào) - If things go on like this: nếu cứ như thế này - As a rule = usually: như thườ ng ng lệ - In general = generally: nói chung - In short: tóm lại - In fact: trên thực tế - In other words: nói cách khác, - On the other hand = on the one hand: mặt khác khác - In addition = not to mention: ngoài ra - At once = immediately = right way: ngay lậ p tức - Right now: ngay bây giờ - Do one’s best: làm hết sức. Ex. I will do my best. - In the early 1900’s: vào những năm đầu của 1900. - A 5-year-old boy: một cậu bé 5 tuổi. - No longer: không còn. - Out of order: hỏng, không làm việc đượ c. c. Ex. that machine is out of order, so we have to stop working to repair it. -

Agree with sb: đồng ý vớ i ai Be available: có sẵn Be bad/good/quick at sth: kém, giỏi, nhanh về Be expert in: chuyên môn về gì. Ex. I’m expert in supply software. Be experienced in sth: có kinh nghiệm về. Ex. he is experienced in designing models like this. Be familiar with sb: thân thiết vớ i ai. Ex. Don’t be familiar with him, he is a dishonest man. Be familiar with sth: quyen thu ộc vớ i.i. Ex. Ex. I’m familiar with this job. Be famous for sth: nổi tiếng về thứ gì. Ex. Ha noi is famous for green trees. Be good for one’s health: tốt cho sức khoẻ của ai. Ex. swimming in summer is very good for our health. Be important to sb: quan tr ọng đối vớ i ai Be invovle in: có liên quan, dính líu tớ i.i. Ex. The man cought last week is involve in a bank robbery. Be jealous of: ghen tỵ Ex. I am jealous of his test result. Be loyal to sb: trung thành vớ i ai. Ex. dogs are very loyal to their owners. Be mad about: đam mê về Be on holiday/ business: đang đi nghỉ/ công tác Be on fire: đang cháy. Ex. That house is on fire. Be over: xong k ết thúc. Ex. the lesson is over. Be popular with: thông dụng vớ i.i. Ex. Pop music is very popular with youth. Be pround of: hãnh diện về. John was pround of his english speaking skill.




N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



45



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Be put in prison: bị tống giam. Ex. he is put in prison. - Be related to: có bà con vớ i.i. Ex. He is related to me. - Be shocked at sth: bị xúc động về điều gì - Be suitable for: thích hợ p vớ i.i. Ex. I think, this shirt is very suitable for you. - Be tired from: mệt nhọc vì. Ex. I’m always tired from hard work. - Be tired of: chán. Ex. He is tired of traveling. - Be to one’s taste: hợ p vớ i khẩu vị của ai. Ex. is it to your taste - Be to one’s liking: hợ p vớ i sở thích thích của ai.Ex. it is to my liking. - Be tired out: mệt lử, mệt lả - Be unfit: không thích hợ p vớ i.i. - Believe in: tin t ưở ng ng vào. Ex. I don’t believe in what he said. - Belong to: thuộc về. Ex. That area belongs to John family. - Break Break into: đột nhậ p - Break off: tan vở - Break out: bùng nổ. Ex. H5N1 flu broke out overall the world last year. - Brush it off: tống khứ - Call on sb: ghé thăm ai - Call for sth: kêu gọi - Call for sb: cho gọi ai - Call off = cancel: hoãn lại - Carry sth off = succeed in doing sth: thành công về - Carry on = go on = continue: tiế p tục - Catch a cold: bị cảm lạnh - Catch fire: bắt lửa. Ex. look! Your clothes catches fire. - Come about: xảy ra - Come across: tình cờ g gặ p - Come down with: ốm - Compare with: so sánh vớ i - Cut down = reduce: giảm - Cut off = stop supply: ngừng (cung cấ p) - Depend on: phụ thuộc vào. Ex. the national culture depends on each country. - Die down: giảm bớ t,t, suy giảm - Die of: chết vì. Ex. He died of cancer. - Do over: lặ p lại, làm lại. Ex. the drawing is bad, you should do it over. - Dream of: mơ v về. Ex. I dream of you last night. ơi, i, r ớ ớ t xuống khoi cái gì đó. Ex. he felt off horse back. - Fall off sth: r ơ - Feel like doing sth: thích làm gì. Ex. John feels like dancing. - Find out: tìm ra. Ex. I don’t find out your name in this list. - Get ahead: tiến về phía tr ướ ướ c - Get along with sb = get on well with sb: thân thiết vớ i ai - Get at: ám ch ỉ, ngụ ý - Get back at sb: tr ả thù - Get better: tr ở nên khá hơ n. n. ở nên - Get by: cũng đượ c chấ p nhận.I’ve no formal clothes for the occasion, perhaps I can get by in a dark suit. - Get along: tiến bộ. Ex. I hope that you will get along well in study English. - Get married to: lấy ai. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



46



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - Get on: lên xe - Get off: xuống xe - Get over sth: vượ t qua cái gì. - Get in touch with sb: lien lạc vớ i ai - Get rid off: vứt bỏ - Get to: đến nơ i,i, tơ i nơ i.i. Ex. When do you often get to your company? - Get up: ngủ dậy - Give sth away: cho ai cái gì (miễn phí) - Give sth back: tr ả lại - Give up: từ bỏ Hold off = put off = delay: trì hoãn - Hold off = put off = delay: trì hoãn - Hold still: giữ nguyên (ngồi yên, đứng yên) - Keep away from: tránh xa - Keep on: tiế p tục - Laugh at: cườ i chế nhạo ai - Learn sth by heart: học thuộc lòng. - Look after = take care of: trông nom - Look at: nhìn vào, trông vào - Look into sth: điều tra - Look for: tìm kiếm - Look forward to V-ing/sth: mong mỏi. I’m looking formard to seeing you at your company. - Look sth over: xem qua - Make friend: k ết bạn - Make up one’s mind = decide: quyết định - Meet sb at (a place): đón ai. Ex. Shall I meet you at the airport. - Never mind = don’t worry: đừng lo lắng - Object to sth: phản đối điều gì. I object to the response that the teacher solved - Pay attention: chú ý - Play up: thổi phồng - Pick on: truê chọc, gẹo ai - Pick out: chọn - Pick up: nhấc lên, cầm lên. Ex. Help me pick up the pencil on the floor. - Pick sb up: đón ai ón ai - Point out: chỉ ra. Ex. you should point out mistakes in these lessons. - Prevent sb from doing sth: ngăn cản ai làm gì. Ex. what prevents you from coming to her. - Pull sth off = succeed in: thành công về - Put off = delay: trì hoãn - Put on: mặc vào - Put up with: chịu đựng - Rejoice at/in sth: mừng về điều gì. Ex. We rejoice in our son’s education report. - Rely on: tin tưở ng ng vào ai. Ex. you can rely on me. ớ điều gì. Ex. she reminds me of an old friend. - Remind sb of sth: gợ i ai nhớ đ - Respect sb for sth: kính tr ọng ai về điều gì. Ex. I respect her for her honesty. - Run into: tình cờ g gặ p - Run out of: hết sạch Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



47



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city - See sb off: tiễn ai. May i see you off at the airport. - Shake hand: bắt tay - Smile/shout at sb: mỉm cườ i vớ i ai, quát ai. She smiles at me. - Show off: khoe khoang. Ex. she is very happy to show off her new dress. - Show up: có mặt - Smile at sb: mỉn cườ i vớ i ai - Stand out: nổi bật. Ex. Her bright red hair makes her stand out from others. - Suffer from: chịu đau khổ, chịu đựng. Ex. do you suffer from headaches. - Take a look at: nhìn đến - Take a seat: mờ i ngồi - Take down: lấy xuống - Take it easy = relax: thư giản đi - Take over: tiế p quản, k ế tục - Take part: tham sự. Ex. Ex. I took part his birthday party yesterday. - Take place: diễn ra - Take sb for sb: nhầm ai vớ i ai. Ex. She took me for my younger brother. - Take off: cở i,i, tháo (quần áo). Ex. Why don’t you take off your jacket? It’s hot. - Take up = begin: bắt đầu - Take one’s time: làm th ư thả, không vội vàng. Ex. No need to hurry, take you time. - Tell sb about sth: k ể cho ai về điều gì - That’s all right = think nothing of it: không có chi - Thank sb for doing sth: cảm ơ n ai đã làm điều gì đó - Try on: , thử, cố gắng - Turn down = reduce: giảm - Turn in = hand in = submid: nộ p - Turn into: biến thành - Wear out: kiệt sức, mòn - Write with (a pen): viết bằng bút ng bút - Worry about: lo lắng về. Ex. don’t worry about that. - Would rather…than: = prefer to: thích làm gì hơ n. n. Ex. I would rather go out tonight than watch TV at home. Một số câu giao tiếp ngắn gọn thườ ng ng sử d dụng:

M t s câu câu nói nói ti ng Anh Anh thông thông d ng

Có chuyện gì vậy? ----> What's up? Dạo này ra sao r ồi? ----> How's it going? Dạo này đang làm gì? ----> What have you been doing? Không có gì mớ i cả ----> Nothing much Bạn đang lo lắng gì vậy? ----> What's on your mind? Tôi chỉ ngh ĩ linh linh tinh thôi ----> I was just thinking Tôi chỉ đãng trí đôi chút thôi ----> I was just daydreaming Không phải là chuyện của bạn ----> It's none of your business Vậy hã? ----> Is that so? Làm thế nào vậy? ----> How come? Chắc chắn r ồi! ----> Absolutely! Quá đúng! ----> Definitely! D ĩ nhiên! nhiên! ----> Of course! Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn


N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



48



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Chắc chắn mà ----> You better believe it! Tôi đoán vậy ----> I guess so Làm sao mà biết đượ c ----> There's no way to know. Tôi không thể nói chắc ---> I can't say for sure ( I don't know) Chuyện này khó tin quá! ----> This is too good to be true! Không thể nào ----> No way! Tôi hiểu r ồi ----> I get it Quá đúng! ----> Right on! (Great!) Tôi thành công r ồi! ----> I did it! Có r ảnh không? ----> Get a minute? Đến khi nào? ----> 'Til when? Vào khoảng thờ i gian nào? ----> About when? Sẽ không mất nhiều thờ i gian đâu ----> I won't take but a minute Hãy nói lớ n lên ----> Speak up Có thấy Melissa không? ----> Seen Melissa? Thế là ta lại gặ p nhau phải không? ----> So we've met again, eh? Đến đây ----> Come here Ghé chơ i ----> Come over Đừng đi vội ----> Don't go yet Xin nhườ ng ng đi tr ướ c. Tôi xin đi sau ----> Please go first. After you ướ c. Cám ơ n đã nhườ ng ng đườ ng ng ----> Thanks for letting me go first Thật là nhẹ nhõm ----> What a relief What the hell are you doing? ----> Anh đang làm cái quái gì thế kia? Bạn đúng là cứu tinh.Tôi biết mình có thể trông cậy vào bạn mà ----> You're a life saver. I know I can count on you. khờ kh khạo! ----> Get your head out of your ass! Đừng có giả vờ kh Xạo quá! ----> That's a lie! Làm theo lờ i tôi ----> Do as I say Đủ r ồi đó! ----> This is the limit! Hãy giải thích cho tôi tại sao ----> Explain to me why Ask for it! ----> Tự mình làm thì t ự mình chịu đi! ... In the nick of time: ----> ... thật là đúng lúc No litter litter ----> Cấm vất rác Go for it! ----> Cứ liều thử đi Yours! As if you didn't know ----> của you chứ ai, cứ giả bộ không biết. What a jerk! ----> thật là đáng ghét No business is a success from fro m the beginning ----> vạn sự khở i đầu nan What? How dare you say such a thing to me ----> Cái gì, ...mài dám nói thế vớ i tau à How cute! ----> Ngộ ng ĩ nh, nh, dễ thươ ng ng quá! None of your business! ----> --- -> Không phải việc của bạn Don't stick your nose into this ----> đừng dính mũi vào việc này Don't peep! -----> đừng nhìn lén! What I'm going to do if .... .... ----> Làm sao đây nếu ... Stop it right a way! ----> Có thôi ngay đi không A wise guy, eh?! ----> Á à... thằng này láo You'd better stop dawdling ----> Bạn tốt hơ n hết là không nên la cà Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



49





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D



PHẦN II Unit 1:

VERB TENSE

I. Choose the the best answer answer




50




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 1. I…….….to bed until I ……….…my homework. A. went / finished

B. didn’t go / didn’t finish

C. hadn’t gone / finished

D. didn’t go / had finished

2. As soon as she found the number, she……….him at once. A. had telephoned h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

B. telephoned

C. was telephoning

D. will telephone

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

3. When he……….widely in Africa, he used to take notes on what he saw. A. has been travelling

B. had travelled

C. was travelling

D. travels

C. will write

D. have written


4. Did you post the letter you………………. A. had written

B. wrote

5. He………off the horse when it suddenly…….. A. had fallen / had stopped

B. fell / stopped

C. was falling / had stopped

D. fell / was stopping

6. He never knew what ………..around him when he was reading. A. happened

B. would happen

C. was happening

D. had happened

7. When you ………..the furniture, please tell me. A. have finished moving

B. have finished move

C. finish moving

D. finish move

Ử


8. Only after she had graduated………...to get married. A. she decided

B. did she decide

C. had she decided

M

D. she had decided

9. He……..…more than 20 countries when he got tired of travelling and returned home. A. visited

B. had been visiting

C. had been to



D. had gone to

10. As soon as he……...the letter, he…..…...down to answer it. A. reads / sits

B. was reading/ sat

C. had read /was sitting

D. had read / sat

11. When he got home, he…..the radio. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



51




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A. turned on B. had turned on C. was turning on

D. turns on

12. “Who ………that terrible noise?” – “ It’s Tom practising the violin” A. makes

B. made

C. is making

D. have made

13. You………to be very glad about something. A. are seemed h n ị

Đ


B. are seeming

C. seems

D. seem

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

14. My dog always barks if he ………….anything unusual. A. hears

B. will hear

C. would hear

D. heard


15. We know you………to Paris three days ago. A. have gone

B. went

C. had gone

D. go

16. If the students……….….on time, they would have enjoyed the pictures. A. come

B. came

C. have come

D. had come

17. She………...here but she doesn’t work here now. A. has worked

B. had worked

C. used to working

D. used to work

18. The bus came after I………there for about twenty minutes. A. standing standing

B. stand

C. was standing

D. had been

Ử

19. Since 1970 Tim……in London, and he is still there now. A. was working

B. worked

C. have worked

D. has been working

n

D

Ọ

M

Đ

ễ i

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

20. I hope that……me when you come to London. A. you’ll visit

B. you’re visiting

C. you would visit

D. you visit



21. “When did you come here” – “ I………here since last Friday” A. have been

B. went

C. came

D. was

22. He wrote to her a month ago, but I’m sure he…………..since then. A. hasn’t written

B. didn’t write

C. wasn’t writing



D. wouldn’t write


52




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 23. After the accident, I had my car ……….., it cost 200$. A. to repair

B. repaired

C. repairing

D. repair

24. We couldn’t stay to dinner because the last bus…………at eight o’clock. A. left

B. has left

C. is leaving

D. will leave

25. When I see Barbara in the street, she always………..at me. h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

A. smiled

B. has smiled

C. was smiling

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

D. smiles

26. She told me I would have an accident if I …………….more care. A. ‘m not taking

B. haven’t taken

C. won’t take


D. didn’t take

27. Several people were hurt in the accident but only one………….to hospital. A. has taken

B. has been taking

C. was taken

D. was taking

C. had seen

D. will see

28. He told me me that he …………..the …………..the film. A. saw

B. has seen

29. Susan……………..early when she stayed with us. A. has got up

B. gets up

C. will get up

D. used to get up

30. Margaret as well as Jane……….…here since last week. A. has been

B. was

C. were

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

D. have been

31. I would not have gone away if you………… A. came

B. come

C. would come

Ọ

D. had come

M

32. I……………your teacher tomorrow, so I shall give her your note. A. haven seen

B. am seeing

C. shall have seen

D. am going to see



33. I……………..you much of you lately. We ……………three months ago. A. didn’t see / last meet

B. haven’t seen / have last met

C. don’t see / last met

D. haven’t seen / last met

34. When my brother was asked if he liked the job, he replied that he…………….. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



53




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A. has done B. does C. did

D. was doing

35. Mr. Smith said he would come, but he ……………yet. A. did not come

B. had not come

C. does not come

D. has not come

36. The girl weeps whenever she…………….such a story. A. hears h n ị

Đ


B. had heard

C. will hear

D. heard

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

37. The entrance examination………..in March. A. begin

B. has begun

C. begins

D. shall begin

38. Mr. Jones….………. decided to call a meeting ofuh the club tomorrow. A. has

B. will be

C. has been

D. is being

39. They…………… a lovely garden if they did some work in it. A. will have

B. would have

C. have had

D. had

40. That baby……………non-stop for the past hour. A. cried

B. was crying

C. is crying

D. has been crying

41. She came into the room while they…………….television. A. have watched watching

B. watched

C. were watching

D. have been

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

42. When you ………………the car, you’ll agree with me about it. A. saw

B. have seen

C. see

D. has been seen

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D


43. He…………….the basic course before he took the advanced one. A. had taken

B. would taken

C. has taken

D. was taking



44. When he returned home, his wife…….............for him. A. waited

B. was waiting

C. has been waiting

D. had been waiting

45. I wish you………………..to her why she can’t go. A. would explain

B. to explain

C. had explained



D. will explain


54




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city II. Guided sentence building building .

1. They / now / talk / what / they / do / last few years //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I / teach English / this university / since / graduate / 1990 //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. When / we / get / theatre / play / already / start //. h n ị

Đ



…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Taxi / stop / station / and two / man / get / it //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. I / see / film / twice / and / not / going / see / again / tonight //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. While / run/ after / bus / this morning / he / fall down / hurt / his leg //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Yesterday / it / not take / us / long / find / their house //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Where / you / be / all morning? //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Father / want / retire / next year / because / want / have / more free time//.

Ử

……………………………………………………………………………………………

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

11. She / suddenly / realize / she / travel / wrong / direction //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. She / like / work / foreign company / after / graduate / university //.

ễ i

……………………………………………………………………………………………

D

H N Y U Q . P T / O

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Her illness / serious / than / we / think / first //.

Đ

n

N

Ơ

Ọ

M

13. He / refuse / climb / tree / because / afraid / fall //. ……………………………………………………………………………………………



14. They / give / her / massage / as soon as / she / arrive //. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. They / now / look / new house / country / because / not like / live / city //. ……………………………………………………………………………………………




55




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city III. Complete Harry and Kate’s conversation in A and sentences in B using the verb in brackets in the correct form (will or going to )

A.

Harry: ………………..(you go) on holiday at Easter’s?

Kate: Yes, but we haven’t booked it yet. Harry: Where are you thinking of going? Kate: Oh, I don’t know. In the summer we………..(visit) we………..(visit) friends in Italy, so I

think h n ị

Đ

h n / ì 3 B + h 2 ỉ n p ấ T c n ơ h h n i N m s c o ọ y u c h Q . . z o p o h T c c o u . a ạ n ó Đ o H h ý g n L n ư y - H u n n q á ầ r m o T e T B k c 0 y ứ a t h 0 0 d 1 / n / : ế a p i k ó t t g H h n ỡ ý ư L d i n ồ á b o i T ơ n N à n

D

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Harry: We …………..(rent) a cottage near Edinburgh. It……….(be) our first visit to

Scotland. Jane ………….(have) a baby in the summer, so we can’t do anything too adventurous or tiring. Kate:

B.

Scotland- What What a good idea! May be we …………….(do)the same. 1. Why are you wearing your old clothes? Because I ………. (wash) the car.

2. “I’ve got a headache. Have you got any aspirin?” “ yes, I …..…(get) it for you. 3. Would you like a game of tennis next Thursday? I can’t I’m afraid. I……… (go) to Bristol.

IV. Give the the correct past past tense to to the verbs in in brackets. brackets.

1.

I (not have) ………..an umbrella, but that didn’t matter. The rain (stop)…………….

2.

He (sit) ……………on a chair while I (paint)…………….it.

3.

We rushed to the station, but it (be) ……….too late. The train (go)…………………..

4.

The boss (invite)…………me to lunch yesterday, but I had to refuse the invitation. I



(already eat) ……………..my sandwiches.

Đ

ễ i

N

perhaps we…………..(stay) in this country at Easter. What about you?

M

5.

As he (run) …………..for the bus, he (collide)……………with a lamppost.

6.

It (happen) …………...last August at the airport. A few weeks before, a group of us (decide)………….to go to Greece together for a holiday. We (wait) ………..in the



queue at passport control when suddenly I (realize )……….that I (leave) …………my passport at home. It (be)……….quite a shock. I (hurry)………….to (hur ry)………….to a phone and (ring)…………my parents. They (work) ………in the garden, but luckily my mother (hear) ………the phone. They (find)…………the passport and immediately (drive)……….to the airport with it. I (meet) ………….them at the information desk. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



56




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city We (have)………….no time to talk, but I (say) …………goodbye to them earlier that morning. I (run)………….all the way to the plane. I was just in time. When I (get)………..there, the passengers (sit)…………..in their seats ready for take-off. When they (see) ………..me, everyone (start)……….clapping.

N

V. Make complete sentences using suggested words or expressions. h n ị

Đ


1.

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Hair / catch / fire / when / he / cook /chips.


……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.

We / look around / and / see / a show.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.

When / we / get / concert hall / they / not / let / in / because we / leave / ticket.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.

I / really pleased / see / Rachel again yesterday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.

He / sit / garden / when / wasp / sting / him / nose.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

VI. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

It was fine day (1)……….…I started out on the last part of my walk around the coast of Britain. The sun was (2)………………and a light wind(3)…………….blowing from the south-west. I was pleased that it (4)……………..raining. I knew by now that I (5)…………like rain. In fact I (6)……………it. I(7)………….along the cliff top and then down into the lovely little fishing village of Wellburn, past a cafe where people were (8)…………..morning cofee. Three miles past Wellburn I (9)…………….down for five minutes and(10)……………a drink. Now it was (11)……………warmer so I (12)…………….off one of my sweaters. I (13)……………stop for long because I (14)……………to reach Seabury by lunch time. (15)…………….I finally got there, it (16)……………just half past twelve.






57




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city VII. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the first, using the given words. words.

1.

It isn’t true that I made a mistake. ( didn’t )

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.

The boys were in the middle of a game of cards (playing) N

…………………………………………………………………………………………… h n ị

Đ


3.

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

No one told me about the change of plan (know)


…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.

My friend was the winner of the competition (won)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.

Is it a fact that the Romans built this wall? (did)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.

I didn’t want to go without taking a photo (until)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.

The computer has been mine for four years (had)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

In the middle of our lunch, there was a knock at the door (when)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

9.

Nigel felt sick from eating too many cakes (because)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10.



We had dinner, and then we went out for a walk (after)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

VIII. Correct the mistake in each of the following sentences




58




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 1. It was peaceful, and the birds were sing…………………………………………………. 2. I washed my hair h air when the phone rang……………………………… rang…………………………………………………... …………………... 3. You came not n ot to the club last night…………………… nigh t……………………………………………… …………………………………. ………. 4. The coach has already gone when I got to the coach stop at nice yesterday……………... 5. We tried to keep quiet because the child sleeping………………………………………... 6. As I was watching him, the man was suddenly running away……………………………. 7. Michelle looked really sunburnt. She’d lie in the sun for too long……………………….. 8. It was my first day back at work. I was on holiday………………………………… ……. 9. I had to sit down. d own. I had been be en having a shock……………………… shoc k……………………………………………… ……………………… 10. The robbery happened at midnight. Lots of people walked along the street outside……....

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ


Unit 2:

I. Put the verb verb in brackets brackets in the correct correct form, form, infinitive (with or without without to), or –ing.

1. I enjoy ………………(walk) in the rain. 2. Would you like ………………(have) something to eat ? 3. My family is trying ………………. (decide) where to go on holiday. 4. I’d like to ……………….. (go) somewhere different for a change. 5. But my children hate …………….( sightsee). 6. They refuse …………… (go) out on trips if it’s too hot. 7. Last year, we managed ……………. (find) a holiday that suited everyone. 8. We decided ……………….. (rent) a house with a swimming pool.

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

10. When we arrived, the people next door invited us …………….(have) a drink with them.

n

D

13. My wife and I are starting …………….( think) we should stay at home.

ễ i

Ử

9. A woman from a travel agency helped us …………..(choose) a nice house. 11. We began ………..(talk) about next year’s holiday two months ago. 12. Everyone hopes ……………… (enjoy) themselves on holiday, but it isn’t always easy.

Đ


VERB PATTERNS

Ọ

M

14. He agreed …………… (start) the job as soon as possible. 15. I stopped ……………(read) my book and went to bed.



16. My teacher always expected me ……………(do) well in exams. 17. Let me ……………..(pay) for the meal. You paid last time. 18. The dentist told me ………….(be) more careful when I brush my teeth. 19. I asked Monica …………..(buy) some stamps. 20. I never liked ………………(go) to church when I was a child. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



59




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 21. Have you finished ………………..(write) that letter yet ? 22. You can’t …………….. (park) your car outside the hospital. 23. They denied ………………(steal) the money. 24. He seems ……………… (have) lost the money. 25. I avoid ………………(travel) in the rush hour if I can. 26. Have you considered ………………….. (work) abroad ? 27. I’ve arranged ………. (collect) Kate from school at four o’clock. h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

28. I can’t help ……………(love) him, even though he is selfish and inconsiderate. 29. I offered …………….. (give) David a lift but he said he’d rather walk.


30. I can’t get used to ……………… (see) my daughter driving a car. II . Choose the correct verb form

1.

He invited me stay/ to stay/ staying at at his house.

2.

I can’t stand cook/ to cook/ cooking . .

3.

Write soon and let me know/ to know/ knowing what what your plans are.

4. 5.

Joe forgot post/ to post/ the letter. post/ posting posting the I don’t mind cook/ to cook/ cooking as as long as I don’t have to do the shopping.

6.

The climb was very long and tiring, so we often stopped have/ to have/ having a rest.

7.

He’s a very funny person. He always makes me laugh/ to laugh/ laughing .

8.

His mother told Ben wash/ to wash/ washing his his hands before the meal.

9.

I love visit/ to visit/ visiting old old temples.

Ử

10. I’m pleased hear/ to hear/ hearing that that you are having a good time in London. pay/ me pay/ me to 11. Akiko’s family was incredibly kind and hospitable and wouldn’t let I pay/ pay for anything. 12. We managed get/ to get/ getting to to the airport with plenty of time to spare.

13. We even tried get/ to get/ getting an earlier flight but it wasn’t possible. getting an 14. They wanted us stay/ to stay/ staying with with them for three days more. 15. Marie made/ wanted/ asked her her son turn down his music.


M



16. I would like/ going on long walk. like/ refuse/ can’t stand going 17. We must/ ‘d love/ enjoy to go shopping. 18. She wanted/ made/ asked me me do the cooking. 19. I have stopped smoke/ to smoke/ smoking many many times but it is impossible. 20. The children continued to make/ make/ making noise noise despite our warnings.




60





Unit 3:

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

I. Put the verbs verbs in brackets brackets into the the correct tense

h n ị

Đ


1.

If he (work)………………hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?

2.

Where………………you………………(go) if the beaches are crowded?

3. 4.

If it……………(not rain) yesterday, we……………...(go) out together. If the sea level………………(rise), there……………(be) floods in many parts of the world.

5.

What……………..you(do)………………if the plane is late?

6.

If he didn’t work in the evening, He (have)……………….time to play with his children.

7. 8.

If they (water)………………the plants they (not die)……………….. Where will you stay if the hotel (be)……………full?

9.

if I (have)………………a car, I could give you a lift.

10. The water………………(freeze) if you (put)………………..it in the fridge. 11. I (go)……………out if I (not be)………………so tired. 12. If I (know)……………that you (be)………… ill last week, I …………..(go) to see you. 13. What will happen if my parachute (not open)……………… 14. He (look)…………….a lot better if he shaved more often. 15. We’ll have to move upstairs if the river (rise)……………..any high.

ễ i

20. He would have been arrested if he (try)……………to leave the country.

D


G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

17. If He had known the whole story, he (not be)……………...so angry. 18. She won’t open the door unless she (know)……………..who it is. 19. If I had realized that traffic lights were red I (stop)…………….

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Ử

16. If I (be)…………….you, I (tell)……………her the truth.

Đ

n

N

Ơ

Ọ

M

II. Sentence Sentence transformation transformation



1. She doesn’t have a watch. She is always late. If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.

She bought a lot of clothes. She didn’t have any money.

If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.

I might see her tomorrow. I’ll tell her the truth.




61




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.

They worked very hard. They passed the exam.

If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. I don’t know her number. I don’t phone her. If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.

It rains so much in Britain.

I wish ………...…………………… ………...………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ………………………… h n ị

Đ


N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

7. John is in Hanoi now. John wishes …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………with with his wife in England. 8.


I regret eating so much.

If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9.

I always go to bed late. I am tired in the morning.

If…………………………………………………………………………………………… III. Translate Translate into English English

1. Bạn sẽ làm gì n ếu thang máy bị k ẹt giữa 2 tầng. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.

Nếu tớ th thấy hộ chiếu của cậu tớ s sẽ gọi điện cho cậu ngay.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.

Nếu tôi là anh, tôi sẽ không nói sự thật vớ i họ.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.

Ử

Nếu tôi biết r ằng bạn ở b bệnh vi viện thì tôi đã tớ i thăm anh bạn r ồi.

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.

Nếu cô ấy cần 1 chiếc radio, cô ấy có thể mượ n của tôi.

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

Unit 4:

COMPARISION



I. Circle the the best answer answer

1.

The weather is…………..today than yesterday.

A. much better B. very better Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty


C. more good D. not so good Email: [email protected] http://www.ebook.edu.vn

62




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 2. She is the……………member in the family. A. taller 3.

Đ


5.

B. as much as

C. much more

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

D. as much than


B. small ……fewer C. smaller..…fewer

D. small……less

Liz is two years ……..than Jane. B. older

C. elder

D. eldest

Every one looks much ……….today than he did yesterday A. Happy

9.

D. heavier

The ………….the room is, the …………….furniture it needs.

A. old 8.

C. heavy

He is older than his sister two times. He is twice as old as his sister. His sister is twice as old as him. He is two times as older as his sister.

A. smaller.…....less 7.

B. heaviest

Somsak is 28, but Somsri, his sister, is only fourteen. A. B. C. D.

6.

D. most tall

He was only nine, but he ate ……………his father did. A. much than

h n ị

C. tall

This box is the………………….of these two ones. A. more heavy

4.

B. tallest

B. more happily

C. happier

D. more happy

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

“Which woman are you going to vote for?”

“I’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………”.

Ọ

M

Đ

n

ễ i

D

A. the smartest

B. more smart

C. the smarter

D. more smarter

10. “I don’t like to talk to Mr. Davis.” - “He speaks ……….. ,doesn’t he?”. A. more fast

B. too much fast

C. fastly



D. fast

11. There is now much…….. water in the lake than there was last year. A. smaller

B. fewer

C. less

D. too many

12. Why don’t you buy bananas when they are………. apples. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



63




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A. less expensive than B. not expensive than C. less expensive as

D. not so expensive than

13. February has………….days than March A. Less

B. lesser

C. few

D. fewer

14. “Is he a good student?” – “Yes, he speaks English……..…of all”. h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

A. the fluentest

B. the most fluently C. the most fluent

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

D. more fluently

15. He is ………..…in my class. A. The most intelligent

B. the more intelligent

C. more intelligent

D. the intelligent


16. This apartment…………... in the building. A. is biggest than any other one

B. is bigger than any other one

C. is bigger than any other one

D. the more big than any other one

17. The weather has been bad this week. Next week it will probably be even……….. A. more badly 18.

B. worse

C. worst

D. worser

“ Do you know that beautiful girl over there?”

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

“Yes, that’s Linda. She is..................in her group”. A. more beautiful than any girl

B. more beautiful than any other girl

C. so beautiful as other girl

Ọ

D. beautiful more than another girl

M

19. “That’s a nice bike” “We bought................one we could find because we don’t plan to use it” A. cheapest

B. a cheapest

C. the cheapest



D. the cheap

20. Jim seemed to be…………….about the future than Peter. A. more exciting

B. much excited



C. much exciting

D. more excited


64




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city II. Sentence Sentence transformation transformation

1.

He is the most intelligent student in our class.

No one……………………………………………............. one……………………………………………............. 2.

Janet arrived latter than John.

Janet didn’t……………………… didn’t………………………………………………. ………………………. h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

3.

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Rome has more old buildings than London.

London has…………………………… has……………………………………………… ………………… 4.


She knows more about them than I do.

I…………………………………………………………… 5.

They now live more happily than they used to.

They used us ed to………………………………………………. to………………………………………………. 6.

She likes Paris very little, and Rome less.

She thinks think s Rome…………………………………………... Rome…………………………………………...

III. Guided sentence building building

1.

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

People / now / spend / much / money / food / than / 10 years ago.

……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………..... ………..... 2.

Ọ

She / look / old / but / beautiful / than / used to / when / we first / meet / university.

M

…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.

That / most / beautiful / place / Viet Nam / I / visit. v isit.



…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.

Travelling / car / fast / comfortable / than / motorbike.

……………………………………………………………………………………………... 5.

He / seem / busy / than me / but / in fact / have / more free time / me.




65




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city ……………………………………………………………………………………………... Unit 5:

PASSIVE SENTENCES SENTENCES

I. Choose the the best answer answer

1.

So far three houses…………………

A. are built h n ị

2.

B. were built

C. have built

N

D. have been built

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

They’ll be given a meal and then ………… to find out why they fled their country.

Đ


n

ễ i

D

A. questioned 3.

B. are questioned

C. question

C. have it repaired

B. have it repairing

D. have it for repairing

He ………… a man who keeps his words.

A. is known 5.

B. knows

C. is known as

C. should be kept

B. had better to be kept

D. is kept as usual

The accident ………….While he was driving to the office.

A. occurred 7.

D. knew

Butter ………… in the fridge.

A. ought to keep

6.

B. was occurred

C. occurs

Ử

D. was being occurred

The floor in the room was so dirty as if it …………for days.

M

B. haven’t been swept

C. hadn’t been swept

D. wouldn’t have swept

We’re working hard, so the job …………by tomorrow evening.

A. has done 9.

B. has been done

C. will do


A. hadn’t swept

8.


My watch is broken’ - ‘Why don’t you……….?’

A. have it repair

4.

D. will question



D. will be done

The film was …………… on the book of the same name.

A founded

B. constructed

C. based

D. built

10. Nobody saw me come in. I came without ………… Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



66




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A. anybody saw me

B. being seen

C. anybody sees me

D. been seen

11. As a result, war …………. Out ten years later. A. broken

B. was broken

C. broke

D. had broken

12. She is one of the girls who …………. Money. A. enjoys to spend h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

C. enjoys spending

B. enjoy to spend

N

Ơ

D. enjoy spending

H N Y U Q . P T / O

13. My sister is busy ………….a letter. A. in writing

B. writing

C. to write

D. at writing

C. belonging

D. belongs

C. had seen

D. has been seen

C. cleaning

D. to be cleaning

C. was opened

D. opens


14. The textbook…………… to my teacher. A. belong

B. is belonged

15. He ………driving a blue car yesterday. A. was seen

B. saw

16. Look! These shoes need …………. A. to clean

B. to be clean

17. The club ………… 2 weeks ago. A. open

B. opened

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

18. We……… followed. Be careful! A. are

B. have been

C. was

D. are being

Ọ

19. They………that story yet. A. hasn’t told

B. wasn’t told

M

C. haven’t been told

D. didn’t tell

C. to write

D. written

C. to wash

D. washing

20. I want this exercise………in ink. A. write

B. writing



21. Do you often get your car………? A. wash

B. washed

22. only one person was………in the accident yesterday. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



67




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A. died

B. hurted

C. injured

D. damaged

23. I was………some money from my handbag. A. stolen

B. got

C. taken

D. robbed

24. That’s the boy………by police 2 years ago. A. to be arrested h n ị

Đ


B. was arrested

C. arrested

D. being arrested

25. The number of motorcycles in Hanoi………risen. A. has

B. have

C. is


26. This portrait is thought………painted by Leonardo Da Vinci A. to have been

B. being

C. was

D. to be

27. When they came, the tree………down across the railway. A. had been fallen

B. was fallen

C. had fallen

D. has fallen

28. He said that he………his tooth pulled out the week before. A. had

B. had had

C. would have

D. was having

29. That boy is said………swim across the river. A. can

B. could

C. to be able to

D. was able

Ử

II. Guided sentence building building

1.

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

This radio / repair / several times / this year //.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Ọ

2.

ễ i

……………………………………………………………………………………………

D

H N Y U Q . P T / O

D. are

Đ

n

N

Ơ

The letter / must / write / English.

M

3. Their car / steal / a few weeks ago / it / not find / yet. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.



Lot / new books / sell / that book shop / recently?

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.

All / them / catch / police po lice / by tonight.

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.

When / I / finish / come / town / hotel / build.




68




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.

I / have / eyes / examine / next Monday.

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Switches / should / turn off / before leave / workshop. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 9.

They / have / house / paint / white / now.

…………………………………………………………………………………………… h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

10. Building / upgrade / next year. ……………………………………………………………………………………………


III. Rewrite the following following sentences sentences using the the passive voice

1.

We use this room only on special occasion.

This room .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. ......................... 2.

They are pulling down the old theatre.

The old.............................................................................................. old.................................... ............................................................................................ .................................. 3. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent 10 years ago. Money on food ....................................................... .................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ........................................................................................................... ................................................... ......................................................................................... ................................. 4.

Has someone posted my parcel?.

Has ........................................................ ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................. .................... 5.

You should have taken those books back to the library.

Those books ...................................................... .................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..... 6.

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

All the ministers will see him off at the airport.

He will ........................................................... ................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............ 7. No one has taken the table away.

Ọ

M

The table …………………………… ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………… 8.

People say he has been in the French foreign legion.

He is …………………………… ………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… …………………………… …



9. Sally’s parents gave her a micro–computer for her birthday Sally…………………………………………………… Sally……………………… ………………………………………………………… …………………………………. ……. 10. Mr.Dryden mended the washing machine for me I…………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. Henry founded a wallet with no name in it. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



69




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A wallet which…………………………… which……………………………………………………… …………………………………………….... ………………….... 12. The doctor should have signed my insurance form. I should……………………………… should………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………………… 13. The garden hasn’t been dug yet. The garden……………………………………… garden………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… ……………… 14. They will have to postpone the date of the picnic. The date…………………………… date………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………. ………………………. h n ị

Đ


H N Y U Q . P T / O

15. People think Mr Harry is going to make a speech at the wedding party. Mr Harry……………………………… Harry………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………


16. It is said the owner of the house has gone aboard. The owner………………………………… owner……………………………………………………………… …………………………………………….. ……………….. 17. They have just sold the house in the corner of the street The house…………………………………… house……………………………………………………………… …………………………………………... ………………... 18. You must finish all the exercises before going to class. All……………………………………………………………………………………….. 19. She has just drawn this picture for me. He……………………………………………………………………………………….. Unit 6:

REPORTED SPEECH

1. “It is a quiet flat, and the neighbours are nice”. Mrs. Mawby said................................................................................................................ 2.

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

“You’ll have to make up your mind soon”. Said John.

John said............................................................................................................................. 3.

“Do you have a car?”

Ọ

n

She asked me......................................................................................................................

D

4.

ễ i

N

Ơ

M

“What sort of heating is there?”

I asked Sally ........................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ................................................................. 5.



“Can I move the furniture round?”.

Mrs. Brown asked me......................................................................................................... 6. “I’ve replaced all the carpets”. She told me that.................................................................................................................. 7.

“Has Ann bought a new car?”.

Sue asked her sister ................................................... ............................................................................................................ ......................................................... Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



70




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 8. “Tom said “I am feeling ill”. Tom that said...................................................................................................................... 9. “I am going away for a few days. I’ll phone you when I get back. Paul said to his girl friend that .................................................. ........................................................................................... ......................................... 10.

“Don’t shout”. I said to Jim.

I told .................................................................................................................................. 11. h n ị

Đ


“Please don’t tell anyone what happened”.

N


I asked him ..................................................... ............................................................................................................. .................................................................... ............ 13.

“I’ll tell Jim I saw you”.

He said to me that............................................................................................................... 14.

“Has Brian been playing tennis a lot recently”.

Brian’s mother asked me ................................................................................................... 15.

“She asked her little baby “Who did you see at the party?”.

She asked her little boy ............................................................ ...................................................................................................... .......................................... 16. “How many hours a day did he work?”. She asked me. She asked me...................................................................................................................... 17.

“Tom had an accident but he wasn’t injured”.

Bill said ................................................. .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................. .................... 18. Joan: “The boss must sign the letter”.

Ử

. .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... .................................

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

19. Emily: “My teacher will go to Paris tomorrow”. . .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... .................................

Ọ

M

20. Robert: “I was writing a letter yesterday”.

ễ i

. .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... .................................

D

H N Y U Q . P T / O

Anna asked me .................................................. ............................................................................................................... ................................................................. .... 12. “Will you be there on time?”

Đ

n

Ơ

21. Christopher: “Do you want to dance?”. . .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... .................................



22. Betty: “when did you come?”. . .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... ................................. 23. Mark: “Has John arrived?” . .................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... ................................. 24. Elisabeth: Elisabeth: “Did you watch the latest film?”. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



71




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city . .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... ............................... 25. Barbara: “Must I do the homework this week?”. . .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... ............................... 26. Andrew: “Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?”. . .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... ............................... 27. Jackson: “Who gave you the book yesterday?”. . .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... ............................... h n ị

Đ



29. Mark: “I am going to buy a laptop for my daughter”. . .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... ............................... Unit 7:

MODAL VERBS

I. Rewrite the the following sentences without changing changing the meaning of of the first, using using the given words. words.

1.

Jenny looks really happy (must, miss, boyfriend).

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.

Where’s Kate ? It’s eleven o’clock in the morning (can’t, still, sleep)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Where are all the lights in their house? (could, have, party) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

It’s been snowing all night. (might, difficult, drive, work)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.

ễ i

……………………………………………………………………………………………

D

H N Y U Q . P T / O

28. Linda: “May I come in?”. . .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... ...............................

Đ

n

N

Ơ

Ọ

M

I’m sure you didn’t work hard for your exams (can’t)

6. I think they’ve gone to Paris (could) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.



Perhaps I left my umbrella on the train (might)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.

She has probably been on a diet (might)

…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9.

It’s possible that they got married in secret (could)




72




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Perhaps he called while we were out (may) …………………………………………………………………………………………… II. Choose “can, could, will, would, would, should, be able, must, have to, used to,” to complete the following sentences sentences..

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Peter has a computer that……………..fit into his jacket pocket. I had some free time yesterday, so I………………write a few letters. My teacher’s given a translation to do for homework, but I…………….not understand it. Watch this, Mum; I ……………. stand on one leg. The plans were destroyed before they……………be ready by the invading army. He’s got a lung problem and he …………... go to hospital every two weeks. You ……………come and visit us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. That’s really good news. I ……………tell my friend, Steve. I am feeling unfit. I …………….do more exercise. I ………….like going to pop concert when I was a teenager. Business people…………..watch what their competitions are doing with great interest. This medicine……………put in a cool place. It will ……………rain.

Unit 8:

SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES

I. Circle the correct answer answer

1.

The police must try to catch those men ………………drive dangerously. A. who B. they C. who they D.whom 2. The teacher ……………………has not arrived yet. A. I wrote to you about B. who I wrote to you C. I wrote you about him D. whom I wrote to you about him 3. One of the girls…………………… in that company died. died . A. whose work B. whom worked C. worded D. who worked 4. It was this house …………………….. A. where I was born B. which I was born C. that I was born D.I was born in 5. He will take us to the town ………we can see old temples. A. which B. where C. that D. as it 6. He is the man …………….son I once taught A. who B. whom C.A&C are correct D. whose 7. ”Who is the new biology Professor?” –“He is the man…….to the secretary now” A. which is talking B. talking C. who talks D. that he is talking 8. Some of the boys ………………didn’t come. A. who I invited them B. who I invite C. I invited them D. I invited 9. Here is the man ……………………. My brother is going to ………. A. who his daughter……marry C. whose daughter ……marry to B. whose daughter……marry with D. whose daughter ……marry 73 Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn


N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M





h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 10. The car …………last month has just been found. A. stole B. stealing C. stolen D. was stolen 11. There were many scientists at the meeting, several of ………… were very young A. which B. who C. that D. whom 12. The village…………we are going to visit next week is far form here. A. where B. to which C. which D. both A and C 13. The man ………spoke yesterday is the director of that factory. A. who B. for whom C. whom D. to whom 14. The company…………employees are on strike is closing down for two weeks. A. which B. whose C. that D. A&C are correct 15. She said she’d married a man…………..had been married twice before A. which B. what C. who D. whose 16. She gives her children everything……………they want A. that B. who C. whom D. what 17. Tell me………………you want and i will try to help you A. that B. what C. who D. which 18. The place………………we spent our holiday was really beautiful A. what B. who C. where D. which 19. What was the name of the girl…………………passport was stolen? A. whose B. who C. which D. when 20. The bed………………I slep in was too soft A. whose B. which C. what D. who 21. 11. What was the name of the people………………car had broken down A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 22. I recently went back to the town………………I was born A. what B. where C. who D. which 23. The reson………………I phoned him was to invite him to a party A. what B. whose C. why D. which 24. I don't agree with …………………you have just said A. what B. who C. when D. which 25. She told me her address…………………I wrote on a piece of paper A. what B. which C. when D. where

H N Y U Q . P T / O



II. Join the following following sentences sentences using using relative relative pronouns pronouns

M

1. Last summer we stayed in a hotel. The hotel was very expensive. The hotel …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… … 2.

N

Ơ

A man is making a speech at the wedding party. The man is my grandfather.



The man…………………………… man……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………… … 3.

That film star gave his friend a party. The party cost $10,000

The party …………………………… ………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………. ………………………. 4.

Do you known the man? His house was on fire last night.

Do yyou ou kknow now ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… …… Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



74




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 5. I don’t remember the shelf. I put my dictionary on it a few hours ago. I don’t ……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. …. III. Use which which or what or who make make questions questions

1.

Did you take the morning flight or the afternoon flight?

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.

Did you stay at the Grand Hotel or the Bristol?

……………………………………………………………………………………………… h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

3. Do you like classical music, or jazz, or rock music, or ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.

Did you buy 'Time' magazine, or 'Newsweek', or a computer magazine, or ...?

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.

Do you work with John, or Linda, or Peter, or ...?

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.

Are you learning English, or Spanish, or Arabic, or Japanese, or ...?

……………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit 9:

OTHER PROBLEMS

I. Adjectives Adjectives - Adverbs: use the adjective in bracket or change them to adverb if necessary complete the sentences.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

The exam was ………difficult. I couldn’t do any of it (extreme). The policeman looked…………… at the thief(angry) She sings……………(beautiful) The perfume smells…………(awful) We are very…………… at playing chess(bad) There was an accident, but fortunately no one was …………injured (serious) I known her very …………… (good) My friend is studying ……………for the exam (hard) The students could only answer……………questions (simple) They looked ……………..when they appeared (funny) She is ……………upset about losing the job (absolute) It’s raining …………...(heavy) My father works ……………. Hard (extreme) We have been……………… Together for fifteen years (happy) She thought for a while and …………answered the questions (simple) Her husband and she both speak English very ……………(good) Maria learns foreign languages……………quickly (incredible) She speaks……………English (fluent)



M



II. Chose in, at, at, or on




75



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 1. Write your name………the top of the page 2. I like that picture hanging………….the wall…………..the kitchen 3. There was an accident…………the crossroads this morning 4. I wasn't sure whether I had come to the right office. There was no name………the door 5. …………the end of the street there is a path leading to the river 6. You 'll find the sports results………..the back page of the newspaper 7. I wouldn't like an office job. I couldn't spend the whole day sitting……….a desk 8. My brother lives……….a small village………the south-west England Eng land 9. The man the police are looking for has a scar……….his right cheek 10. Nicola was wearing a silver ring………..her little finger 11. It can be dangerous when children play………the street 12. If you walk to the end of the street, you 'll see the small shop………the corner 13. Is Tom …………the photograph? I can't find him 14. My office is…………the first floor. It 's…………the left as you come out of the lift 15. We normally use the front entrance but there 's another entrance…………the back 16. Is there anything interesting……….paper today? 17. I love to look up at the stars…………the sky at night 18. when i am a passenger in a car. I prefer to sit …………. the front III. Fill in each each blank with with a preposition preposition

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

“Could I speak…………Tom. please? “I’m afraid. Tom’s …………work, but Jacks………..Would you like to speak…….him. “How do I get …….The air terminal? “Turn night ……..the end of this street and you’ll see………..front of you”. He started going ……..school…..the age of five, so now he been …….school for ten years. He’s leaving …………the end of this year. …………my surprise I was the only person……….the bar. Everyone else had Gone……….. the casino. I think I left my umbrella…………the bus. I’d better write…….the Lost property office We arrived………the airport in good time ………the plane. I’m interested………chess. I’m interested………chess. but I’m not very good……….it. Our train arrived …….York…….6.30, Paul met us ………the station. “Have you been……..the theatre recently?”. “yes I was …the old Vic last night” According………… the guidebook, there are three hotels……….the town I went ……bed early but I couldn’t get …….sleep because the people ……the next room were talking so loudly. …….first I found the work very tiring, but ……… a few weeks I got used ………it. There are an accident……….the crossroads ……….midnight last night. Two men were taken ……….hospital. I believe one of them is still…….hospital ………the day time the streets are crowded but…..night they are quite deserted. I saw Tom………the bus stop this morning, but I couldn’t speak ………him because we were standing………a queue, and he was………the front of it, and I was………the back. He’s always………a hurry. He drives……….a tremendous speed. He is looking forward…………seeing his uncle’s letter. …….the summer, we went…….the beach everyday. We stayed……a lovely hotel right……the beach……the morning we would get up …….9:30, have breakfast, and then spend four hours……the pool…….all the other guest……lunch we would eat




N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



76




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city something light like sandwiches and fruit…….the afternoon we would return to the pool area. III. Choose the correct correct form

1. Rarely ____ she made mistake since she was a manager. A. have h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

B. has

C. is

D. are

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

2. _____ the truth, she wouldn’t have given Mark the money. A. She had known

B. She has know

C. Had she known

D. Has she known

3. So beautiful _____ that the Queen is envious with her. A. Snow White is

B. Snow White are C. is Snow White

D. are Snow White

4. Never _____ in such a strange situation. A. has I been

B. have I been

C. am I been

D. I have been

5. Seldom _____ dinner together. A. do Mark and Juliet have

B. does Mark and Juliet have

C. is Mark and Juliet have

D. are Mark and Juliet have

6. Hardly _____ his wife presents on her birthday. A. did James given

B. does James gave

C. had James given

D. do James give

Ử


7. Scarcely _____, the rain became much more heavier. A. have I come in

B. had I come in

M

C. I have come in

D. I came in

C. have I received

D. has I received

8. Only then ____ the letter from my son. A. do I receive

B. did I receive




9. No sooner ____ , when Mary came over. A. have John gone out

B. had John gone out

C. has John gone out

D. John has gone out




77




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 10. So frightened _____ the film that I couldn’t sleep yesterday. A. is

B. are

C. was

D. have

Unit 10: TOEFL TEST I. Intermidiate Grammar - choose correct answer (20’)

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

1.There is ________ that I may have to go into hospital next week. (A) an opportunity (B) bad luck (C) a possibility (D) fate 2. Call for me at any time that ________ you. (A) fits (B) likes (C) suits (D) does 3. He always wore a shirt with an open ________. (A) colour (B) tie (C) collar (D) top 4. I have learned all the irregular verbs ________. (A) from memory (B) by the heart (C) in the memory (D) by heart 5. The soldiers were put in prison because they ________ to obey orders. (A) refused (B) rejected (C) denied (D) objected 6. I don't believe he can ________ it properly. (A) do (B) to do (C) is doing (D) doing 7. I ________ as ill as I do now for a long time. (A) wasn't feeling (B) haven't been feeling (C) didn't feel (D) haven't felt 8. If he ________ lucky, he can get the job. (A) is (B) had been (C) would be (D) would have been 9. Does your new secretary ________ shorthand? (A) know to take (B) know how to take (C) know how take (D) know how taking 10. Mary and John ________ to the parties at the Student Union every Friday. (A) used to go (B) use to go (C) are used to go (D) were used to go 11. Mike had hoped ________ his letter. (A) her to answer (B) that she answer (C) that she would answer (D) her answering 12. They forgot about ________ them to join us for lunch. (A) us to asking (B) us asking (C) our asking (D) we asking 13. I really appreciate ________ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself. (A) you to offer (B) your offering (C) that you offer (D) that you are offering 14. It's difficult to pay one's bills when prices keep ________. (A) rising (B) growing (C) gaining (D) raising 15. We have no ________ in our files of your recent letter to the tax office. (A) account (B) memory (C) list (D) record 16. They said they had the European rights for the product but it was a lie. They were acting under false ________. (A) pretences (B) eel (C) egg (D) wool 17. The teacher says, "The time is up." This means that the period of time has ________. (A) begun (B) seemed long (C) ended (D) been interesting 18. ________ we dislike him, he's efficient and we can't dismiss him. (A) Much (B) However much (C) Although much as (D) As much 19. The examiners often ________ extremely difficult questions for the literature exam. (A) set (B) invent (C) write (D) create 20. All we see is the ________ of the iceberg; six - seventh of it are underwater. (A) top (B) apex (C) summit (D) tip




N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



78




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city II. Advanced Grammar - choose correct answer (20’)

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

1. I can't understand how your father managed to ________ that man. He had deceived all the rest of us. (A) see against (B) see through (C) see to (D) see out 2. Our car is much older ________ than yours. (A) model (B) pattern (C) manufacture (D) form 3. I ________ in bed all night thinking about it. (A) laid (B) lay (C) led (D) lied 4. According to the doctor, there's absolutely nothing the ________ with you. (A) wrong (B) problem (C) matter (D) illness 5. I looked everywhere but I couldn't find ________ at all. (A) anyone (B) no one (C) someone (D) somebody 6. It was ________ a simple question that everyone answered it correctly. (A) so (B) such (C) much (D) too 7. I'm sorry, but I like my eggs soft ________, not hard. (A) cooked (B) steamed (C) boiled (D) watered 8. John was amazed when the train arrived exactly ________ time. (A) at (B) in (C) on (D) by 9. I'd like to take this ________ of wishing you all the best of luck with your exams. (A) chance (B) possibility (C) occasion (D) opportunity 10. Learners of English as a foreign language often fail to ________ between unfamiliar sounds in that language. (A) separate (B) differ (C) distinguish (D) solve 11. ________ my opinion, French cheese is better than English cheese. (A) In (B) To (C) By (D) For 12. Father would not ________ us to go there for the weekend. (A) let (B) permit (C) agree (D) consent 13. Every day the old man's dog goes to the shop to ________ him a newspaper. (A) carry (B) fetch (C) take (D) bring 14. - Rex: It's already half-past six. - Hal: Good heavens, so it is! It's time we ________. (A) are gone (B) are going (C) were gone (D) shall go 15. I drove around the town for half an hour but couldn't find a car ________. (A) park (B) garage (C) plan (D) parking 16. The smell was so bad that it completely ________ us off our food. (A) set (B) took (C) got (D) put 17. Although he hasn't said anything he ________ to be upset about it. (A) acts (B) shows (C) behaves (D) seems 18. It's strange. His sister are blonde, ________ he is very dark. (A) therefore (B) in order to (C) whereas (D) however 19. We very much ________ that you will come to dinner next Friday. (A) wish (B) want (C) like (D) hope 20. Crops are often completely destroyed by ________ of locusts. (A) bands (B) troupes (C) swarms (D) flocks

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



III. TOEFL – choose correct answer (20’)

1. When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, ________. (A) his wife was sleeping (B) his wife slept (C) his wife has slept (D) his wife has been sleeping 2. Kitchen appliances called blenders became ________ in the 1930s, when Stephen J. Poplawski developed a machine that excelled at making his favorite drink.




79





h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

(A) establish (B) establishing (C) established (D) which establish 3. Sometimes ________ wears people out and is worse than the lack of sleep itself. (A) to sleep the desire (B) the desire to sleep (C) to desire sleep is (D) the desire to sleep who 4. John said that no other car could go ________. (A) so fast like his car (B) as fast like his car (C) as fast like the car of him (D) as fast as his car 5. The attorney told his client that ________. (A) they had little chance of winning the case (B) the case was of a small chance to win (C) it was nearly nearly impossible impossible to win him the case (D) the case had a minimum chance to be won by him 6. Doctoral students who are preparing to take their qualifying examinations have been studying in the library every night ________ the last three months. (A) since (B) until (C) before (D) for 7. The Internal Revenue Service ________ their tax forms by April 15 every year. (A) makes all Americans file (B) makes all Americans to file (C) makes the filing of Americans (D) makes all Americans filing 8. ________ pitched his first major-league game, Joe Nuxhall was only fifteen years old. (A) Because of he (B) He (C) When he (D) Surprisingly he 9. ________ occasions for congratulations congratulations.. (A) Birthdays that usually considered (B) Usually considering birthdays (C) Birthdays are usually considered (D) That considered birthdays usually 10. _______, he would have signed his name in the corner. (A) If he painted that picture (B) If he paints that picture (C) If he had painted that picture (D) If he would have painted that picture 11. There is evidence to suggest that, at certain times of the year, smog in the Arctic is thicker ________ anywhere else else on earth. (A) of smog (B) that smog (C) smog (D) than smog 12. The speaker is ________. (A) very well acquainted with the subject (B) recognized as an authority who knows a great deal in terms of the subject (C) someone who knows well enough about the subject which he has undertaken to do the speaking (D) a person who has close awareness of the subject that he speaks about so much 13. Sedimentary rocks are formed below the surface of the earth ________ very high temperatures and pressures. (A) where there are (B) there are (C) where are there (D) there are where 14. In his inaugural speech, John Kennedy ________ that we should not ask what our country could do for us but what we could do for our country. (A) said (B) told (C) did (D) got 15. There are three kinds of solar eclipses: one is total, another is annular, and ________ . (A) the another is partial (B) the partial is other (C) other is partial (D) the other is partial 16. Keynes argued that to avoid an economic depression the government ________ spending and lower interest rates. (A) is (B) higher (C) increase (D) should increase 17. A hero of the war of 1812, ________ President of the United States. (A) Andrew Jackson later became (B) that Andrew Jackson later became (C) who was Andrew Jackson (D) later became Andrew Jackson 18. The various types of bacteria are classified according to ________ shaped. (A) they have (B) having (C) how they are (D) whose 19. Franchising offers many advantages to small business owners ________ problematic. (A) however it is (B) even though it is (C) despite its (D) it is 20. Jane changed her major from French to business ________ (A) with hopes to be able easier to locate employment




N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



80




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city (B) hoping she can easier get a job (C) with the hope for being able to find better a job (D) hoping to find a job more easily. IV. TOEFL choose incorrect answer(20’)

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

1. After he had ran for half a mile, he passed the stick to the next runner. (A) had ran (B) for (C) passed (D) the next 2. Dislike the gorilla, the male adult chimpanzee weighs under 200 pounds. (A) Dislike (B) male (C) under (D) pounds the from his pocket to 3. When he took ticket out of , a hundred dollar bill fell the floor without his noticing it. (A) the (B) from his pocket (C) to (D) without 4. As a young man, Darwin showed little promising as a biologist. (A) showed (B) promising (C) as (D) a biologist 5. Energy in a tornado is enormous by any set of standards. (A) Energy (B) a tornado (C) any (D) standards 6. Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher, believed that the brain was an organ that cooled a heart. (A) the famous (B) the brain (C) an organ (D) a heart 7. Each of the students in the accounting class has to type their own research paper this semester. (A) students (B) in the (C) their (D) own 8. We thought he is planning to go on vacation after the first of the month. (A) is (B) to go on vacation (C) after (D) the first 9. Antique auctions are getting more and more popular in the United States because increasing public awareness of the value of investing investing in antiques. (A) auctions (B) more and more (C) because (D) the value of 10. Not only Kingsley House Settlement nor all phases of the civic life of New Orleans keenly interested Eleanor McMain. (A) nor all (B) civic life (C) keenly (D) interested 11. In a federal form of government like that of the United States, power is divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. (A) like (B) that of the United States (C) is divided (D) between 12. Gunpowder, in some ways the most effective of all the explosive materials, were a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, charcoal, and sulfur. (A) in some ways (B) the most effective (C) all (D) were 13. Despite of rain rain or snow there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the OSU football games. (A) Despite of (B) there are (C) than (D) at 14. The flag of the original first colonies may or may not have been made by Betsy Ross during the Revolution. (A) original first (B) have been made (C) by Betsy Ross (D) during the Revolution 15. Anyone reproducing copyrighted works without permission of the holders of the copyrights are breaking the law. (A) reproducing (B) are (C) breaking (D) the law 16. It may be argued that modern presidents have far great responsibilities than their predecessors did. (A) argued (B) great (C) their (D) did 17. In today's competitive markets, even small businesses had better to advertise on TV and radio in order to gain a share of the market. (A) today's (B) to advertise (C) on TV and radio (D) to gain 18. If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur. (A) drivers (B) speed limit (C) fewer (D) occur




N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



81




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 19. Sex's education is instituted to help the student understand the process of maturation, to eliminate anxieties related to development, to learn values, and to prevent disease. (A) Sex's education (B) understand (C) to eliminate anxieties (D) related 20. The chemistry instructor explained the experiment in such of a way that it was easily understood. (A) in (B) such of a way (C) was (D) easily understood V. Choose corresct answer(15’)

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

1.If more than five thousand dollars in monetary instruments is transported into the United States, a report needs ________ with the customs office. (A) file (B) filing (C) to file (D) to be filed 2. Of Charles Dickens' many novels, "Great Expectations" is perhaps ________ to many readers. (A) the most satisfying one (B) most satisfying one (C) more than satisfying one (D) the more satisfying than 3. Rarely ________ to the movie because he prefers to watch films on his VCR. (A) going (B) does John go (C) John does go (D) John goes 4. We all know that speaking foreign languages is the best way to learn ________. (A) them (B) it (C) ours (D) us 5. Her grades have improved, but only ________. (A) in a small amount (B) very slightly (C) minimum (D) some 6. All the cereal grains ________ grow on the prairies and plains of the United States. (A) but rice (B) except the rice (C) but for rice (D) excepting rice 7. ________ the bones of prehistoric man, scientists hope to determine what their owners ate. (A) By studying (B) In study of (C) To study (D) Studying 8. ________, Cart Sandburg is also well known for his multivolume biography of Lincoln. (A) An eminent American poet (B) He is an eminent American poet (C) An eminent American poet who is (D) Despite an eminent American poet 9. Modern industrial methods have supplanted individual crafts, ________ stonecarvers, coopers, and cobblers virtually extinct. (A) make blacksmiths, (B) made blacksmiths, (C) making them blacksmiths, (D) making blacksmiths, 10. Lobbyists who represent special interest groups get ________ that benefits their groups. (A) Congress to pass the legislation (B) Congress passed the legislation (C) the legislation to pass by Congress (D) the legislation that Congress passing 11. By careful seeding, weather makers can encourage two small clouds to merge into one big cloud ________ produce a powerful thunderstorm. (A) so (B) these (C) which (D) and 12. It is usually ________ lava but gas that kills people during volcanic eruptions. (A) not only (B) not (C) neither (D) no 13. The Disney amusement park in Japan is ________ Florida or California. (A) the largest than the ones in (B) larger than the ones in (C) larger the ones in (D) the largest of the ones 14. Jackson, Mississippi, ________ capital, is the largest city in the state. (A) the (B) where is the (C) is the (D) it is the 15. Anthropologists ________ within their environments and evaluate the adaptations they have made. (A) societies are studied (B) study societies Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



82



h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city (C) who study societies are (D) their societies are studied 16. For thousands of years, people have used vast amounts of wood for building and ________ their homes. (A) they heat (B) to heat (C) heating (D) heat 17. ________ of the United States grown during a Republican administration. (A) Rarely the federal government has (B) Rarely has the federal government (C) Has the federal government rarely (D) The federal government has rarely 18. Overexposure to the sun can produce ________ can some toxic chemicals. (A) more than damage to the skin (B) more damage than to the skin (C) damage more than to the skin (D) more damage to the skin than 19. Balinese cats, which are a cross between Siamese and long-haired cats, ________ medium length silky coats of fur. (A) they have (B) have (C) which have (D) having 20. If one's suffering from a psychosomatic illness, that is, a disease contributed to by mental anxiety, one may still feel very ________ . (A) badly (B) bad (C) worsely (D) worser VI. Choose incorrect choice(15’)

1. Sloths spend most of its time hanging upside down from trees and feeding on leaves and fruit. (A) most (B) its (C) feeding (D) fruit 2. All data in computer are changed into electronic pulses by an input unit. (A) in computer (B) into (C) by (D) unit 3. Her application for a visa was turned down not only because it was incomplete and incorrectly filled out but also because it was written in pencil. (A) for a visa (B) down (C) incomplete (D) in pencil 4. The patient who was not supposed to be released until the end of the week was told to dress in clothes and report to the nurses'station. (A) was not supposed (B) until (C) in clothes (D) the nurses'station 5. Since the average age of families has fallen, therefore more and more women have been able to join the labor force. (A) has fallen, (B) therefore (C) have been (D) the labor 6. The Rhode Island is the smallest state in the United States. (A) The (B) the (C) state (D) United States 7. the lion has long been a symbol of strength, power, and it is very cruel. (A) the (B) long (C) a (D) it is very cruel 8. Fewest than half of all adults fully understand the kinds and amounts of exercise necessary for an effective physical fitness program. (A) Fewest (B) adults (C) kinds (D) effective 9. Earwax lubricates and protects the ear from foreign matter such water and insects. (A) Earwax lubricates (B) foreign (C) such (D) insects 10. Champlain founded a base at Port Royal in 1605, and builds a fort at Quebec three years later. (A) founded (B) in 1605 (C) builds (D) at Quebec 11. Ester Forbes won the 1943 Pulitzer Prize in American history for her biographer of Paul Revere. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



83




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city (A) won (B) in (C) her (D) biographer 12. New synthetic materials have improved the construction of artificial body parts by provide both the power and the range of action for a natural limb. (A) have (B) the construction (C) body parts (D) provide 13. Although business practices have been applied successfully to agriculture, farming is different other industries. (A) applied (B) successfully (C) farming (D) different 14. Urban consumers have formed co-operatives to provide themselves with necessities such groceries, household appliances, and gasoline at a lower cost. (A) have formed (B) to provide (C) themselves (D) such h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

15. The function of pain is to warn the individual of danger so he can take action to avoid more serious damage. (A) to warn (B) so (C) he (D) serious 16. Although there are exceptions, as whole, the male of the bird species is more brilliantly colored. (A) there are (B) as whole (C) more (D) brilliantly 17. The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution gives women the right to vote in the elections of 1920. (A) The Nineteenth Amendment (B) gives (C) to vote (D) the elections 18. The aims of the European Economic Community are to eliminate tariffs between member countries; developing common policies for agriculture, labor, welfare, trade, and transportation; and to abolish trusts and cartels. (A) are (B) developing (C) transportation (D) to abolish 19. Most newspapers depend on the wire services from their international stories and photographs. (A) Most (B) on (C) from (D) stories and photographs 20. In the relatively short history of industrial developing in the United States, New York City has played a vital role. (A) relatively (B) developing (C) in the United States (D) has played VII. TOEFL TEST

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M

1. TOEFL TEST 200201 Section Two: Structure and Written Expression (25’) Choose correct answers:

1. When __ from milk, the remainder is called skim milk. (A)all the butterfat is removed

(B)removing all the butterfat that

(C)is all the butterfat removed

(D)the removal of all the butterfat



2. The Buffalo River in Arkansas was designated __ in 1972. (A)a national river and (B)which a national river (C)a national national river (D)being a national river Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



84




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 3. Much of northern Canada lies within the Arctic Circle, Circle, and __ ice or the sparse vegetation known as tundra. (A)it is permanently covered by (C)is permanently covered by it

(B)by permanently it is covered (D)it is covered by permanently

4. Manipulation of the spinal column, massage, massage, and dietary adjustments __ used in chiropractic therapy. (A)the principal methods are h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

(B)are the principal methods

N

Ơ

(C)how are the principal methods (D)are there the principal methods 5. Giant corporations __ to dominate the United United States economy in the the late nineteenth century, grew steadily larger during the 1920%. (A)which began

(B)in which began

(C)they began

(D)which they began

6. The tradition of the bowhead whale hunt __ back a thousand years and is a vital part of Inuitculture. (A)goes

(B)if it goes

(C)gone

(D)that went

7. __ the son of an impoverished farmer, was born on Long Island. (A)The poet was Walt Whitman (B)When the poet Walt Whitman (C)The poet Walt Whitman (D)That the poet Walt Whitman 8. The primary digestive function of the throat and esophagus is __ swallowed materials from the mouth to the stomach. (A)to transport (B)transported (C)for transportation (D)that transported 9. Insulin is manufactured manufactured by specialized cells in the pancreas pancreas and released __ glucose reaches a certain concentration in the bloodstream. (A)which (B)whenever (C)how (D)during 10. One of the basic principles of wildlife conservation involves involves __ adequate natural food and shelter to maintain populations of each species in a given habitat. (A)the provision (B)that provision (C)to provide (D)providing 11. In 1974 the space probe Mariner 10 discovered discovered __ Mercury's surface is cratered by meteorite impacts. (A)that the planet (B)of the planet (C)the planet that (D)which planet is 12. In the diurnal type of tidal oscillation, the alternate rise and fall of sea level, a single high water and a single low low water occur __ tidal day. (A)each (B)each of (C)each of the (D)of each 13.The chief justice of the United States presides over the Supreme Court during oral arguments and in conferences __ (A)of which decisions concern (B)have important decisions (C)that important decisions (D)concerning important decisions 14. By focusing on the interesting, __ the significant, the penny press newspapers newspapers of the 1830's helped to change the concept of news. (A)which does not necessarily (B)not necessarily (C)was not necessarily (D)nor necessarily being 15. Documentary evidence supports supports claims that __ the New World about AD AD 1000. (A)reached the Vikings (B)the Vikings reached (C)reaching the Vikings (D)the Vikings that reached

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M



Choose incorrect answers:




85





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






86





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






87




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 2. TOEFL TEST 200308 Section Two: Structure and Written Expression (25’) Choose correct answers:

1 In 1796 investigations into the chemical nature of diamond concluded _________ a for pure carbon. (A) that it h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

(B) is it

(C) that it is

N

(D) is that

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

2 The English colonization of Virginia was devised in in 1606 by a group of merchants _________ the Virginia Company of London. London . (A) who formed

(B) formed

(C) who they formed

(D) they formed

3 The hourglass, an instrument used _________, usually consists of two bulbs united by narrow neck. (A) measures time (B) time is measured (C) for measuring time(D) the time for measuring 4 A master is an electronic apparatus that _________ radio and light waves. (A) generated and was amplified

(B) generating and amplifying

(C) generates and amplifies

(D) to generate and amplify

5 The human skin forms _________ against the ac tion of physical, chemical, and bacterial

Ử

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

agents on the deeper tissues. (A) how protective a barrier is


(B) a protective barrier

Ọ

M

(C) a barrier protects

(D) and which a barrier protects

6 Medical research at the cellular level, _ ________ research on the the immune system, has been made possible through twentieth-century advances in techniques of genetic research. (A) which

(B) whereas

(C) such as



(D) is also

7 Living organisms contain more water _________ substance. (A) than do any other (C) other than do they any

(B) does than any other (D) than they do any other




88




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 8 The twentieth century has been a period of enor mous growth in mathematical research and inthe number of mathematicians and fields _________ them. (A) they require

(B) requiring

(C) require

(D) as required

9 Columbia University’s School of Public Health is _________ a handful of schools of public health in the United States. (A) one that h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

(B) the one

(C) one of

N

(D) one

Ơ

10 The United States Department of the interior designated the Brooklyn bridge _________ in1964. (A) was a national historic landmark

(B) a national historic landmark

(C) which a national historic landmark

(D) a national historic landmark which

11 In jazz music, a riff is a simple simple melodic figure, _________ and repeated several times. (A) usually one or two measures lasted

(B) lasted one measure or two usually

(C) is lasting one or two measures usually

(D) usually lasting one or two measures

12 At its center, the sun has a density of over a hundred times _________ and a temperature o 10 to 20 million degrees centigrade. (A) that of water

(B) of water

(C) than that of water

(D) water

13 The United States States Congress Congress appropriates some four million million dollars _________ the upkeep of the White House grounds. (A) year for a

(B) for a year

(C) a year for

(B) a tail with which it (C) its tail



(D) a for year

M

14 The sea horse uses _________ to cling to the seaweed and other plants. (A) it has a tail

H N Y U Q . P T / O

(D) as its tail



15 In the years ahead, health health professionals will be able to enhance or restore health far better _________ at present. (A) whereas

(B) they can

(C) than



(D) that are


89




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Choose incorrect answers:

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






90





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D


G U Ầ C U Ê Y I


Ọ

M

1.In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United States developed the reusable space shuttle ________to space cheaper and easier. A. to make access

B and making access

C. which made accessible D. and made accessible. 2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to humans _______. A. are than any other animal

B. than is any other animal

C. any other animal is

D. and any other animal is



3._______more than 65,000 described species of protozoa, of which more than half are fossils. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty



91




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city A. Being that there are B. There being C. Are there

D. There are

4.The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly unanimously through the United States Congress. A. passed

B. in passage

C. having passed

D. passing

5.Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of beams and columns ___a three-dimensional grid.

N

Ơ

h n ị

Đ


n

ễ i

D

A. forms

B. from which forming C. and forming

H N Y U Q . P T / O

D. that forms

6.The average level of United States prices grew very little from 1953 until the mid-1960’s


when ____________. A. did inflation begin

B. inflation began

C. the beginning of inflation

D. did the beginning of inflation

7.The basis premise behind all agricultural production is _____available the riches of the for human consumption. A. to be made

B. the making

C. making is

D. to make

8.___to the united states House of Representatives in 1791, Nathaniel Macon remaine office until 1815.

Ử

A. Election

B. Why he was elected C. Elected

D. Who was elected

9.________ of classical ballet in the united states began around 1830. A. To teach

B. Is teaching

C. It was taught

Ọ

M

D. The teaching

10.The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion and 20 billion years old. A. being

B. to be

C. which is

G U Ầ C U Ê Y I

D. is.



11. A situation in which an economic market is dominated by a ____ is known as a monopoly. A. single of a product seller

B. product single of a seller

C. seller of a product single Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty


D. single seller of a product Email: [email protected] http://www.ebook.edu.vn

92




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 12.____ freshwater species of fish build nests of sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand.. A. As the many

B. Of the many

C. Many

D. Many of them are

13.Newspaper publishers in the united states have estimated ___________reads a newspaper every day. A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population who h n ị

Đ


N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population who


D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population 14. The foundation of all other branches of mathematics is arithmetic, _ science of calculating with numbers. A. is the

B. the

C. which the

D. because the

C. it the first of

D. the first of

15.Nylon was ___the human-made fibers. A. the first of which

B. what the first of


Ử


M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






93





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






94





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D




In tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes. (A) there is no

(B) is there not

(C) neither

(D) no

2. The femur, or thighbone, is in the human body. (A) the bone is longest (B) the longest bone that Nam Hoang Van Email: [email protected] Vietnam Maritime University – Shipbuilding Faculty http://www.ebook.edu.vn


95




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city (C) the longest bone (D) that of which the longest bone 3.------- different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world. (A) Many

(B) Of the many

(C) There are many

(D) Many are the

4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.

h n ị

Đ


(A) are that vertical cylinders

(B) that vertical cylinders

(C) cylinders are vertical

(D) vertical cylinders

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly. (A) also to have occurred (B) their occurrence also (C) also occur

(D) they do also occur

6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were such as soap manufacturers. (A) commercial companies by sponsored

(B) companies commercial by sponsored

(C) sponsored by commercial companies

(D) companies commercial sponsored by

7. In the early 1900's, Albert Einstein showed, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another. (A) in which

(B) that

(C) what

(D) there are

8.------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another. (A) Banking

(B) When banking

(C) It was banking

(D) Banking was

n

D

Ử


M

Đ

ễ i


9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit to gather at a recently discovered foodsource. (A) while their nestmates

(B) so that their nestmates

(C) their nestmates

(D) their nestmates are



10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slight (A) as similar

(B) as similar as

(C) similar than



(D) that similar


96




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city 11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanical engineer. (A) Railroad history

(B) Railroad history includes

(C) Throughout railroad history

(D) In railroad history there are

12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands. N

(A) a part is important (B) partly important (C) what part is important (D) an important part h n ị

Đ


13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse disp erse the fat globules. (A) a process

(B) which process (C) a process in which

(D) which is a process

14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages. (A) of which usually

(B) which usually of

(C) is usually of

(D) usually of

15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became appointed to the faculty of Vassar College. (A) as the first woman (B) the first woman was (C) the first woman woman.

(D) being the first


Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






97





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






98





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






99





N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O

h n ị

Đ




M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






100




VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street– Hai Ba Trung District – Hanoi city Phần III ANSWER KEY

h n ị

Đ


Unit1: TENSESS Unit 2: VERB PATTERNS Unit 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Unit 4: COMPARISON Unit 5: PASSIVE SENTENCES Unit 6: REPORTED SPEECHS Unit 7 MODAL VERBS Unit 8: SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES Unit 9: OTHER PROBLEMS Unit 10: TOEFL TEST TOEFFL TEST 200201 ACABA ACABD AADBB BADDD BCCBB ACBDC CCDCB DADCD TOEFFL TEST 200308 CACCB CDBCB DACCC ABCDA CDCDC BDCDC BCDDC DBACB TOEFFL TEST 200405 ABDAD BDCDB DCDBD CDCBA DCDCB CDCDA CBADC BDCBB TOEFFL TEST 200408 ACADD CBACB CDCDC BBCDB ACABC BACDC DBDAC DBDAA

N

Ơ

H N Y U Q . P T / O



M

Đ

n

ễ i

D






101


MASTER ENGLISH GRAMMAR (2nd Edition) - Vietnam Maritime University - Nam Hoang Van

Recommend Documents