Rgr`mt‑s
?4
Wumstain Tgpmr \mt CH “LMR Eir Cmbalgf Mntrgnlm Mxgc Gspargnts
Earst Mbatain; Cgrlh ?47=
\gfamnt Emgturms • \mt ie ?4 qumstains pgpmrs wath sifutains mglh eir Thysals, Lhmcastry gnb Oaifi`y. • Trmpgrmb gs pmr thm CH-LMR syffgous prmslraomb oy Barmltirgtm ie Cmbalgf Mbulgtain gnb _msmgrlh (BCM_). • Mxhgustavm livmrg`m ie CLW‑s CLW‑s eric gff lhgptmrs. • Hants privabmb whmrmvmr nmlmssgry. • \acpfm gnb Fulab fgn`ug`m. • \mfe-mvgfugtavm an ngturm
Trantmb gt Anbag Trantan` Pirjs, Cucoga Ni pgrt ie thas oiij cgy om rmpribulmb ir trgnscattmb an gny eirc ir oy gny cmgns, L.B. L.B. _IC/Gubai Uabmi Uabmi Lgssmttms ir mfmltrinal, mfmltrinal, cmlhgnalgf cmlhgnalgf anlfuban` phitilipyan`: rmlirban` ir oy gny aneircgtain stirg`m gnb rmtramvgf systmc wathiut pmrcassain an wratan` eric thm Tuofashmr.
RMAB ; 850
Trmeglm ‘CH-LMR; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt‑ as g smrams ie ?4 qumstain pgpmrs, mglh tmst lintganan` ?44 cuftapfm lhialm qumstains
whalh grm bavabmb anti Thysals, Lhmcastry gnb Oaifi`y smltains. Rhm qumstain smt as prmpgrmb jmmpan` an canb thm syffgous prmslraomb eir CH-LMR. Mglh tmst as bavabmb anti =4 cuftapfm lhialm qumstains mglh ie Thysals, Lhmcastry, Oitgny gnb [iifi`y gs pmr thm CH-LMR eircgt. Phafm prmpgran` thm oiij, utcist lgrm hgs ommn tgjmn ti anlfubm g origb rgn`m ie iokmltavm qumstains si thgt ni linlmpt as fmet ungttmnbmb gnb gfsi ti cgjm at gosifutmfy mrrir-ermm. Mglh qumstain hgs ommn spmlaealgffy smfmltmb ti prmpgrm thm stubmnts in g licpmtatavm fmvmf. Hants hgvm ommn privabmb eir smfmltmb cuftapfm lhialm qumstains ti hmfp thm stubmnts ivmrlicm linlmptugf ir cgthmcgtalgf hanbrgnlms. Mglh qumstain smt waff hmfp thm stubmnts ti tmst thmar rgn`m ie prmpgrgtain gnb jniwfmb`m ie mglh tipal. Rhm oiij waff glt gs g `uabm eir stubmnts gt thm tacm ie rmvasain gnb waff privabm pripmr gnb thiriu`h prgltalm `avan` thm stubmnts gn mb`m goivm thm rmst. G spmlacmn lipy ie thm qumstain oiijfmt gnb gnswmr shmmt ie CH-LMR pgpmr hgs ommn privabmb ti cgjm thm stubmnts gwgrm ie thm sgcm. Rhm kiurnmy ti lrmgtm g licpfmtm oiij as strmwn wath traucphs, egafurms gnb nmgr cassms. Ae yiu thanj wm‑vm nmgrfy cassmb sicmthan` ir wgnt ti gppfgub us eir iur traucphs, wm‑b fivm ti hmgr eric yiu. Tfmgsm wratm ti us in ; cgafDtgr`mtpuofalgtains.ir` cgafDtgr`mtpuofalgtains.ir` G oiij geemlts mtmrnaty: mtmrnaty: inm lgn nmvmr tmff whmrm ats anefumnlm anefumnlm stips.
Omst ie fulj ti gff thm gspargnts!
Qiurs egatheuffy, Tuofashmr
\pmlacmn Lipy ie CH-LMR-?47= erint pg`m ie g Wumstain Oiijfmt CH-LMR-?47= \uokmlts; Thysals, Lhmcastry gnb Oaifi`y
Wumstain Oiijfmt Umrsain
CH-LMR-?47= _iff Ni.
Wumstain Oiijfmt \r. Ni.
Gnswmr \hmmt Ni. (Pratm thas nucomr in yiur Gnswmr \hmmt)
(Pratm thas nucomr in yiur Gnswmr \hmmt)
Bgy gnb Bgtm ; Rhursbgy, 40 th Cgy, ?47=
Burgtain ; <.44 hiurs. Ritgf Cgrjs ; ?44
Rhas as ti lmrtaey thgt, thm mntrams ie CH-LMR _iff Ni. gnb Gnswmr \hmmt Ni. hgvm ommn lirrmltfy wrattmn gnb vmraeamb. Lgnbabgtm‑s \a`ngturm
Anva`afgtir‑s \a`ngturm \a`ngturm
Anstrultains ti Lgnbabgtms
7. ?. <. 2.
=. 5. 0. 8. 1. 74. 77.
7?. 7<.
72.
Rhas qumstain oiijfmt lintgans ?44 Iokmltavm Rypm Wumstains (Cuftapfm Lhialm Wumstain (CLW) an thm suokmlts suokmlts ie Thysals (=4), Lhmcastry (=4) gnb Oaifi`y (744). Rhm qumstain qumstain pgpmr gnb IC_ (Iptalgf (Iptalgf Cgrj _mgbmr) Gnswmr Gnswmr \hmmt as assumb assumb smpgrgtmfy smpgrgtmfy gt thm stgrt stgrt ie thm mxgcangtain. Lhialm gnb smqumnlm eir gttmcptan` qumstains waff om gs pmr thm linvmnamnlm ie thm lgnbabgtm. Lgnbabgtm shiufb lgrmeuffy rmgb thm anstrultains prantmb in thm Wumstain Wumstain Oiijfmt gnb Gnswmr Gnswmr \hmmt gnb cgjm thm lirrmlt mntrams in thm Gnswmr \hmmt. Gs Gnswmr \hmmts grm bmsa`nmb ti suat thm ITRALGF CG_J _MGBM_ (IC_) \Q\RMC, spmlagf lgrm shiufb om tgjmn ti cgrj thm mntrams lirrmltfy. \pmlagf lgrm shiufb om tgjmn ti eaff W]M\RAIN OIIJFMR UM_\AIN, \M_AGF Ni. gnb CH-LMR _iff Ni. gllurgtmfy. Rhm lirrmltnmss ie mntrams hgs ti om lriss-lhmljmb oy thm anva`afgtirs. Rhm lgnbabgtm cust sa`n in thm Gnswmr \hmmt gnb Wumstain Oiijfmt. _mgb mglh qumstain lgrmeuffy. Bmtmrcanm thm inm lirrmlt gnswmr eric iut iut ie thm eiur gvgafgofm iptains `avmn eir mglh qumstain. Eaff thm gppripragtm larlfm licpfmtmfy fajm thas , eir gnswmran` g pgrtalufgr qumstain. Cgrj wath Ofglj anj ogff piant pmn infy. Mglh qumstain wath lirrmlt lirrmlt rmspinsm rmspinsm shgff shgff om gwgrbmb inm (7) cgrj. Rhmrm shgff om ni nm`gtavm cgrjan`. Ni cgrj shgff om `rgntmb eir cgrjan` twi ir cirm gnswmrs ie sgcm qumstain, slrgtlhan` ir ivmrwratan`. ]sm ie whatmnmr ir gny ithmr cgtmragf ti mrgsm/habm thm larlfm inlm eaffmb as nit pmrcattmb. Gviab ivmrwratan` gnb/ir strajan` ie gnswmrs inlm cgrjmb. _iu`h wirj shiufb om om binm infy infy in thm ofgnj spglm privabmb in thm Wumstain Oiijfmt. _iu`h wirj shiufb shiufb nit om binm in thm Gnswmr \hmmt. Rhm rmquarmb rmquarmb cgthmcgtalgf cgthmcgtalgf tgofms tgofms (Fi` mtl.) waff om privabmb privabmb gfin` gfin` wath wath thm qumstain oiijfmt. Accmbagtmfy getmr thm prmslraomb mxgcangtain tacm as ivmr, thm Wumstain Oiijfmt Oiijfmt gnb Gnswmr shmmt as ti om rmturnmb ti thm anva`afgtir. Linearc thgt oith thm lgnbabgtm gnb anva`afgtir hgvm sa`nmb in qumstain oiijfmt gnb Gnswmr shmmt. Ni lgnbabgtm lgnbabgtm as gffiwmb ti fmgvm fmgvm thm mxgcangtain hgff taff taff thm thm mnb ie thm mxgcangtain. Z\iurlm ; CH-LMR ?47= OrilhurmS
Acpirtgnt Anstrultains - Hiw ti Cgrj An Rhm ‘IC_ Gnswmrshmmt‑ 7. ?. <. 2.
=. 5.
]sm infy OFGLJ anj ogff piant pmn ti bgrjmn/cgrj thm gppripragtm larlfm. Cgrj shiufb om bgrj gnb shiufb licpfmtmfy eaff thm larlfm. Cgrj/bgrjmn infy inm larlfm eir mglh mntry. Rhm gnswmr gnswmr inlm cgrjmb as eangf, eangf, gny lhgn`m an thm thm iptain iptain inlm cgrjmb, binm oy gny cmthib, waff gciunt ti g anvgfab/anlirrmlt rmspinsm. G fa`htfy/egantfy cgrjmb/bgrjmnmb larlfm cgy gfsi om trmgtmb gs g anlirrmlt/wrin` cmthib ie cgrjan` gnb cgy nit om rmgb oy thm Iptalgf \lgnnmr. Cgrjan` shiufb infy om binm an thm spglm privabmb. Tfmgsm bi nit eifb thm gnswmr shmmt gnb bi nit cgjm gny strgy cgrjs in at.
Cgrjan` ie _mspinsms;-
Rhmrm waff om eiur gnswmr iptains eir mglh qumstain. Rhm lgnbabgtm waff anbalgtm has/hmr rmspinsm ti thm qumstain oy bgrjmnan` thm gppripragtm larlfm licpfmtmfy wath OFGLJ anj ogff piant pmn. Eir mxgcpfm, Wumstain Ni.7=? an thm Wumstain Tgpmr rmgbs gs eiffiws;7=?. Liringry Grtmrams Grtmrams suppfy suppfy ofiib ofiib ti thm (G) Fun` (O) Organ
(L)
Hmgrt
(B)
Antmstanm
Rhm lirrmlt gnswmr as ‘L‑ Hmgrt. Rhm lgnbabgtm waff filgtm thm pfglm eir rmspinsm ti W. Ni.7=? an thm IC_ Gnswmr shmmt gnb bgrjmn thm larlfm whmrm thm iptain ‘L‑ as prantmb gs shiwn omfiw ;7=?.
G
O
B
Lgnbabgtm shiufb nit usm gny ithmr cmthib eir gnswmran` a.m. Hgfe larlfm, bit, talj cgrj, lriss mtl. Rhas cgy nit om rmgb oy thm slgnnmr.
LHGN@AN@ GN GN\PM_ A\ NIR GFFIPMB
Rhm lgnbabgtms cust euffy sgtasey thmcsmfvms goiut thm gllurgly ie thm gnswmr omeirm bgrjmnan` thm gppripragtm larlfm, gs ni lhgn`m an thm Gnswmr inlm cgrjmb as gffiwmb. Rhm gnswmr inlm cgrjmb as eangf, gny lhgn`m an thm iptain inlm cgrjmb, binm oy gny cmthib, waff gciunt ti gn anvgfab/anlirrmlt rmspinsm.
Z\iurlm ; CH-LMR ?47= OrilhurmS
IC_ Erint \abm - \pmlacmn Lipy
CH-LMR-?47=
Gnswmr \hmmt Nucomr
IC_ GN\PM_ \HMMR
(]\M OFGLJ OGFF TIANR TMN INFQ)
\ABM 7
AN\R_]LRAIN\ EI_ CG_JAN@ IN \ABM 7
Cmthib ie wratan` CH-LMR _iff Nucomr an wirbs ; Eir m.`. 74?51=? shiufb om wrattmn gs eiffiws ; - Inm, [mri, Rwi, \ax, Nanm, Eavm, Rwi. CH-LMR _iff Nucomr (An Nucmrgfs); CH-LMR _iff Nucomr (An Pirbs); Wumstain Oiijfmt Umrsain (An Nucmrgfs) ; Wumstain Oiijfmt Umrsain (An Pirbs) ; Wumstain Oiijfmt \mragf Ni. (An Nucmrgfs) ; Wumstain Oiijfmt \mragf Ni. (An Pirbs) ; AN\R_]LRAIN\ EI_ CG_JAN@ IN \ABM ? 7. ?. <.
2.
=.
5.
]sm Ofglj Ogff piant ti shgbm thm gppripragtm larlfm licpfmtmfy. Bgrjmn INFQ INM LA_LFM eir gnswmran` mglh qumstain. Gnswmr inlm shgbmb as Eangf. Ni Lhgn`m as pmrcattmb.
Cgrj yiur gnswmrs fajm thas;
?.
ßmf¼ jmÄ ms ßm ζ vmm®¼mm @Ëmkmcmmþmr @Ëmkmcmmþmr jms jms ÄKm] \jmÄ®m Kmfm` ] & QmkmKms.
\jmÄim iums me ums @Ëmk Bmomefmlm mlm kmnmrum. f¼mmfm jmÄmsLmfmmnmr ymium ymium jmÄkfmm ¼msLmmk vmmnmr. 2. @Ëmk @ËmkHmHmmeme$mjm $ mjmss ÄKmk Kmk Efmk$ Efmk$mm jmÄms jmÄms þs nmr jmÄms jmÄmsLmfmmr nmr Jmt JmtLm jmĪ vm¼ms .
=.
jmÄ®®ms jmÄmlm jmÄmlm @ËmkHmme$mjms ÄKmk jmĪ vm¼ms. f¼mmcmmþmr ßm ζ vmHmme$mjmsÄfmmr um meKmnmrfm ζ pmmamm KmmHmkmKmmr KmmHmkmKmmr . 5. @Ëm @Ëmkmcmm mcmmþm þmrr Kmfm Kmfm` ] ` & Bmcms QmkmKms QmkmKms.
B
O
L
m`jmÄmr®mmr HmÐf
mms a¼m HmÐf
P_IN@ CMRHIB
LI__MLR CMRHIB O
@Ëmkmcmmþmr ¼m a¼m ms Kmfm` ] & jmÄmȼmm ymmD umHms vmvms cmo cmo HmtLm& QmkmKms.
<.
Tfmgsm bi nit cgjm gny strgy cgrj in thm gnswmr shmmt. _iu`h wirj cust nit om binm in thm gnswmr shmmt. ]sm \pglm in Wumstain pgpmr privabmb eir riu`h wirj.
G
7.
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MXGCTFM\ “ HIP RI EAFF GNB CG_J IN \ABM “ ?
Jmmummr um lmmmenfmmr HmÄjmÆ HmÄjmÆ fm vmlm`v¼mmcmmþmr meiumsummr Bmmns. Ae yiur CH-LMR _iff Nucomr as 74?51=? eaff an gs shiwn omfiw ;
7 4 ? 5 1 = ? 4 7 ?
?
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<
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?
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< 2
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Ae yiur Wumstain Oiijfmt Umrsain as << eaff an gs shiwn omfiw ;
< 77
< 2
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1 < 2 = 5 0
??
<<
22
Ae yiur _mspinsm ti Wumstain Ni. =0 as (L), Tfmgsm cgrj gs shiwn omfiw ;
4
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W. Ni.
?
?
?
?
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?
=0.
<
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<
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<
= 5
<
Ae yiur Wumstain Oiijfmt \mragf Ni. as 1<2=50 eaff an gs shiwn omfiw ;
2
2
=
=
=
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0
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0
0
8
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1
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1
=
_mspinsm G
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= 5
0
NIRM; RHA\ A\ GN MXGCTFM INFQ. BI NIR LITQ RHM \GCM N]COM_ IN QI]_ GN\PM_ \HMMR.
Z\iurlm ; CH-LMR ?47= OrilhurmS
IC_ Ogljsabm - \pmlacmn Lipy \ABM ? CH-LMR-?47= _IFF N]COM_
4
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W.Ni. 4
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THQ\AL\
7
?
?
?
?
?
?
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W]M\RAIN OIIJFMR \M_AGF Ni.
4
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?
?
?
?
?
?
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W]M\RAIN OIIJFMR UM_\AIN
77
??
<<
22
7. ?. <. 2. =. 5. 0. 8. 1. 74. 77. 7?. 7<. 72. 7=. 75. 70. 78. 71. ?4. ?7. ??. ?<. ?2. ?=. ?5. ?0. ?8. ?1. <4. <7.
OAIFI@Q
LHMCA\R_Q
Gnswmrs G
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W.Ni. Gnswmrs =7. =?. =<. =2. ==. =5. =0. =8. =1. 54. 57. 5?. 5<. 52. 5=. 55. 50. 58. 51. 04. 07. 0?. 0<. 02. 0=. 05. 00. 08. 01. 84. 87. 8?. 8<. 82. 8=. 85. 80. 88. 81. 14. 17. 1?. 1<. 12. 1=. 15. 10. 18. 11. 744.
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W.Ni. Gnswmrs 747. 74?. 74<. 742. 74=. 745. 740. 748. 741. 774. 777. 77?. 77<. 772. 77=. 775. 770. 778. 771. 7?4. 7?7. 7??. 7?<. 7?2. 7?=. 7?5. 7?0. 7?8. 7?1. 7<4. 7<7. 7
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W.Ni. Gnswmrs 7=7. 7=?. 7=<. 7=2. 7==. 7=5. 7=0. 7=8. 7=1. 754. 757. 75?. 75<. 752. 75=. 755. 750. 758. 751. 704. 707. 70?. 70<. 702. 70=. 705. 700. 708. 701. 784. 787. 78?. 78<. 782. 78=. 785. 780. 788. 781. 714. 717. 71?. 71<. 712. 71=. 715. 710. 718. 711. ?44.
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B
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G
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B
G
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B
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B
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B B
G
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B B
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B
ACTI_RGNR AN\R_]LRAIN AN\R_]LRAIN ; Omeirm sa`nan`, pfmgsm cgjm surm thgt thm lgnbabgtm hgs eaffmb has CH-LMR _iff Ni., Wumstain Oiijfmt Umrsain gnb Wumstain Oiijfmt \mragf Ni. lirrmltfy.
\A@NGR]_M IE RHM LGNBABGRM (wath bgtm)
\A@NGR]_M IE RHM ANUA@AFGRI_ (wath bgtm)
Z\iurlm ; CH-LMR ?47= OrilhurmS
Anbmx \r. Ni.
Tg`m Ni. Rmst Ngcm Rmst
7
Rmst - 7
7
?
Rmst - ?
7=
<
Rmst - <
?8
Gnswmr Jmy
Hants
?0= ?52 ?87 ?80 ?5=
2
Rmst - 2
27
=
Rmst - =
=2
?1< ?11 ?55
5
Rmst - 5
50
<45
0
Rmst - 0
84
<77
8
Rmst - 8
1<
1
Rmst - 1
745
?50 <70
Rmst - 74
7?4
77
Rmst - 77
7<<
7?
Rmst - 7?
725
<24
7<
Rmst - 7<
7=1
<25
72
Rmst - 72
70?
<=?
7=
Rmst - 7=
78=
<=0
75
Rmst - 75
718
70
Rmst - 70
?77
?04
?07 <5< <51 ?0? 78
Rmst - 78
??2
71
Rmst - 71
?<0
<0= <87 ?0<
?4
Rmst - ?4
?=4
<85
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
CIBMF RM\R TGTM_ — THQ\AL\
7.
G `fgss tuom ie antmrngf bagcmtmr <.= lc gnb thaljnmss 4.= lc as hmfb vmrtalgffy wath ats fiwmr mnb accmrsmb an wgtmr. Rhm biwnwgrb puff in thm tuom bum ti sureglm tmnsain (\.R. ie wgtmr 3 4.402 N/c) as (G) 7.85 N (O) 7.85 Ð 74∟7 N (L) 7.85 Ð 74∟? N (B) 7.85 Ð 74∟< N
?.
Rhm `gs mqugtain
<.
G 74 ihc rmsastgnlm, = cH liaf gnb 74 ½E lgpglatir grm kianmb an smrams. Phmn g suatgofm ermqumnly gftmrngtan` lurrmnt siurlm as kianmb ti thas licoangtain, thm larluat rmsingtms. Ae thm rmsastgnlm as hgfvmb, thm rmsingnlm ermqumnly (G) as hgfvmb. (O) as biuofmb. (L) rmcgans unlhgn`mb. (B) as qugbrupfmb.
2.
=.
TU 3 linstgnt as trum eir g R linstgnt cgss ie gn abmgf `gs unbmr`ian` (G) Asithmrcgf lhgn`m (O) Gbagogtal lhgn`m (L) Asiogral lhgn`m (B) Gny typm ie lhgn`m
Rhm ouljfan` ie g omgc as eiunb ti om cirm ae YYYYYYY. (G) thm ormgbth ie thm omgc as fgr`m. (O) thm omgc omgc cgtmragf hgs fgr`m vgfum ie Qiun`‑s cibufus. (L) thm fmn`th ie thm omgc as scgff. (B) thm bmpth ie thm omgc as scgff. An GC, thm lmntpmrlmnt cibufgtain as glhamvmb whmn YYYYYYY. (G) lgrramr gcpfatubm 3 sa`ngf gcpfatubm (O) lgrramr gcpfatubm ≤ sa`ngf gcpfatubm (L) lgrramr ermqumnly 3 sa`ngf ermqumnly (B) lgrramr ermqumnly ≤ sa`ngf ermqumnly
47
5.
G pitmntaicmtmr warm ie fmn`th 744 lc hgs g rmsastgnlm ie 74 ℥. At as linnmltmb an smrams wath g rmsastgnlm gnb gn gllucufgtir ie m.c.e ? U gnb ie nm`fa`aofm antmrngf rmsastgnlm. G siurlm ie m.c.e 74 cU as ogfgnlmb g`ganst g 24 lc fmn`th ie thm pitmntaicmtmr warm. Rhm vgfum ie thm mxtmrngf rmsastgnlm as (G) <1= ℥ (O) 014 ℥ (L) 24= ℥ (B) 874 ℥
0.
Eir stgtaingry wgvms an thm cmbauc, (G) phgsm ie \HC ie pgrtalfms gt gny gny tacm as sgcm, omtwmmn twi sullmssavm nibms. (O) phgsm ie \HC ie pgrtalfms anlrmgsms gs pgth anlrmgsms. (L) thm gcpfatubm ie vaorgtain as sgcm eir mglh piant. (B) phgsm ie gff piants omtwmmn twi sullmssavm gntanibms as sgcm.
8.
Ri anlrmgsm thm rgn`m ie viftcmtmr thm smrams rmsastgnlm shiufb om YYYYYYY. (G) anlrmgsmb (O) bmlrmgsmb (L) linstgnt (B) fiw
1.
Rhm cicmnt ie anmrtag ie g sphmrm as ?4 j`∟c? goiut thm bagcmtmr. Rhm cicmnt ie anmrtag goiut gny tgn`mnt as (G) ?= j`-c? (O) =4 j`-c? (L) 04 j`-c? (B) 84 j`-c?
74.
Rhm facat ie rmsifutain ie 744 lc tmfmslipm eir κ 3 =444 Í as gpprixacgtmfy mqugf ti (G) 4.7<‿‿ (O) 4.<‿‿ (L) 7‿‿ (B) 7.2‿‿
77.
‘Hgfe-faem‑ ie g rgbaigltavm suostgnlm glliunts eir (G) tacm rmquarmb eir licpfmtm basantm`rgtain ie rgbaigltavm suostgnlm. (O) tacm rmquarmb eir twi-tharb basantm`rgtain ie rgbaigltavm suostgnlm. (L) tacm rmquarmb rmquarmb eir thm basantm`rgtain ie hgfe thm rgbaigltavm suostgnlm. (B) tacm rmquarmb eir inm-tharb basantm`rgtain ie rgbaigltavm suostgnlm. 7
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. 7?.
Gllirban` ti Huy`mn‑s pranlapfm, (G) mglh piant in thm wgvmerint as an baeemrmnt phgsm. (O) mglh piant in thm wgvmerint as lmntrm ie g nmw basturognlm gnb mcats smlinbgry wgvms. (L) thm tgn`mnt ti wgvmerint as thm barmltain ie thm pripg`gtain ie thm wgvm. (B) thm wgvm as trgnsvmrsm.
7<.
@yricg`nmtal rgtai as g rgtai ie cg`nmtal bapifm cicmnt ti (G) cgss ie mfmltrin. (O) cicmntuc ie mfmltrin. (L) rgbaus ie mfmltrin. (B) gn`ufgr cicmntuc ie mfmltrin.
72.
Gn gar lifucn, lfismb gt inm mnb gnb ipmn gt thm ithmr rmsingtms wath g tunan` eirj ie ermqumnly γ, whmn ats fmn`th as 2= lc, 11 lc gnb gt twi ithmr fmn`ths an omtwmmn thmsm vgfums. Rhm wgvmfmn`th ie siunb an gar lifucn as (G) 784 lc (O) 748 lc (L) =2 lc (B) <5 lc
7=.
75.
70.
Rhm gn`fm ie anlabmnlm gt whalh rmefmltmb fa`ht as titgffy pifgrazmb eir rmefmltain eric gar ti `fgss (rmergltain anbmx n) as ⎚7⎞ (G) san ∟7 ( n ) (O) san ∟7 ⎖ ⎙ ⎓n⎤ ⎚7⎞ (L) tgn ∟7 ⎖ ⎙ (B) tgn ∟7 (n ) ⎓n⎤
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
78.
G `gs an gn mnlfisurm hgs g prmssurm T gnb gnb thm tmcpmrgturm R J. Gnithmr `gs mnlfismb an g lintganmr ie thm sgcm vifucm hgs g prmssurm ?T gnb thm tmcpmrgturm R/? J. Rhm rgtai ie thm gvmrg`m janmtal mnmr`y pmr cifmlufm ie thm twi `gsms as (G) 2 ; 7 (O) ? ; 7 (L) 7 ; ? (B) 7 ; 2
71.
Fmnz‑s fgw `avms (G) thm cg`natubm ie thm anbulmb m.c.e. (O) thm barmltain ie thm anbulmb lurrmnt. (L) oith thm cg`natubm gnb barmltain ie thm anbulmb lurrmnt. (B) thm cg`natubm ie thm anbulmb lurrmnt.
?4.
G trgnsvmrsm wgvm as bmslraomb oy thm mqugtain, x⎞ ⎚ y 3 y4 san ?τ ⎖ et ∟ ⎙ . Rhm cgxacuc pgrtalfm vmfilaty as mqugf ti eiur tacms thm wgvm vmfilaty ae τy τy (G) κ 3 4 (O) κ 3 4 2 ? (L) κ 3 τy4 (B) κ 3 ?τy4
?7.
?
Rhm mgrth civms griunb thm sun an gn mffaptalgf IG iroat gs shiwn an thm ea`urm. Rhm rgtai, 3 x. IO Rhm rgtai ie thm spmmb ie thm mgrth gt O gnb gt G as O
Bum ti pripg`gtain ie fin`atubangf wgvm an g cmbauc, thm eiffiwan` qugntatams gfsi pripg`gtm an thm sgcm barmltain (G) Mnmr`y, cicmntuc gnb cgss (O) Mnmr`y (L) Mnmr`y gnb cgss (B) Mnmr`y gnb fanmgr cicmntuc An g pitmntaicmtmr mxpmracmnt, g ogfgnlm piant as iotganmb, whmn (G) Rhm m.c.e ie thm ogttmry omlicms mqugf ti thm m.c.e ie thm mxpmracmntgf lmff. (O) Rhm pitmntagf baeemrmnlm ie thm warm omtwmmn thm +vm mnb ti kiljmy omlicms mqugf ti thm m.c.e ie thm mxpmracmntgf lmff. (L) Rhm pitmntagf pitmntagf baeemrmnlm ie thm warm omtwmmn +vm piant gnb kiljmy omlicms mqugf ti thm m.c.e ie thm ogttmry. (B) Rhm pitmntagf baeemrmnlm glriss thm pitmntaicmtmr warm omlicms mqugf ti thm m.c.e ie thm ogttmry.
κ⎤
⎓
Mgrth G
I \un
x (L) x x (G)
(O)
x
(B)
x?
??.
Phmn g oiby civms wath g linstgnt spmmb gfin` g larlfm, (G) ni wirj as binm in at. (O) ni gllmfmrgtain as pribulmb an thm oiby. (L) ni eirlm glts in thm oiby. (B) ats vmfilaty rmcgans linstgnt.
?<.
Rhm `rgph omtwmmn rmstiran` eirlm gnb tacm an lgsm ie \.H.C as (G) g strga`ht fanm (O) g larlfm (L) g pgrgoifg (B) g sanm lurvm
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. ?2.
?=.
?5.
?0.
?8.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
G lgpglatir ie lgpglatgnlm ? ½E as lhgr`mb ti g pitmntagf ie 744 U gnb gnithmr lgpglatgnlm 5 ½E as lhgr`mb ti g pitmntagf ie <44 U. Rhmsm lgpglatirs grm kianmb, wath pfgtms ie fajm lhgr`ms linnmltmb ti`mthmr, thm titgf lhgr`m as (G) 75 Ð 74∟2 L (O) 78 Ð 74∟2 L (L) ?4 Ð 74∟2 L (B) ?2 Ð 74∟2 L Gllirban` ti bm Ori`fam, wgvm as gssilagtmb wath cgttmr (G) whmn at as stgtaingry. (O) whmn at as an citain wath thm vmfilaty ie fa`ht infy. (L) whmn at as an citain wath gny vmfilaty. (B) ninm ie thm goivm Rhm cicmnt ie ie anmrtag ie g oiby oiby bims nit bmpmnb upin (G) thm cgss ie thm oiby. (O) thm bastraoutain ie thm cgss an thm oiby. (L) thm gxas ie ritgtain ie thm oiby (B) thm gn`ufgr vmfilaty ie thm oiby. An ansufgtirs, (G) Rhm vgfmnlm ognb as pgrtagffy eaffmb wath mfmltrins. (O) Rhm linbultain ognb as pgrtagffy eaffmb wath mfmltrins. (L) Rhm linbultain linbultain ognb as eaffmb wath mfmltrins gnb vgfmnlm ognb as mcpty. (B) Rhm linbultain ognb as mcpty gnb vgfmnlm ognb as eaffmb wath mfmltrins.
<4.
4
A
(L)
A
(B) a
a 4
A
4
, κ,
Ae g oiby wma`han` 24 j`-wt as tgjmn ansabm 7 th rgbaus ie thm mgrth, ?
<7.
Rwi sacafgr warms G gnb gnb O grm cgbm ie baeemrmnt cgtmragfs. G as twalm cirm mfgstal thgn O. Phmn sgcm eirlm as gppfamb, thm rgtai ie mfin`gtain ie O ti G as as (G) 7 ; 7 (O) 7 ; 2 (L) ? ; 7 (B) 2 ; 7
Ae twi abmntalgf cmrlury brips grm licoanmb ti eirc g san`fm brip, thmn ats tmcpmrgturm waff (G) bmlrmgsm. (O) anlrmgsm. (L) rmcgan thm sgcm. (B) bmpmnb upin surriunban` tmcpmrgturm.
<<.
Ae tmcpmrgturm ie g ofglj oiby anlrmgsms eric 0 »L ti ?80 »L, thmn thm rgtm ie mnmr`y rgbagtain anlrmgsms oy 2 ?80 ⎞ ⎚ (G) ⎖ (O) 75 ⎙ ⎓ 0 ⎤ (L) 2 (B) ?
<2.
@gussagn sureglm lgnnit pgss thriu`h baslrmtm lhgr`m omlgusm (G) ats gn acg`angry sureglm. (O) mfmltral eamfb as as nit bmeanmb bmeanmb gt thm filgtain ie lhgr`m. (L) mfmltral eamfb as nircgf gt thgt piant. (B) mfmltral eamfb as tgn`mntagf gt thgt piant.
<=.
q7, q?, q< gnb q2 grm piant lhgr`ms filgtmb gt piants gs shiwn an thm ea`urm gnb \ as g sphmralgf `gussagn sureglm ie rgbaus _. Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` as trum gllirban` ti thm @guss‑ fgw9
a 4
κ
thmn thm wma`ht ie thm oiby gt thgt piant as (G) 24 j`-wt (O) ?4 j`-wt (L) <4 j`-wt (B) zmri
(O) a
x 3 4,
thm mgrth ti g bmpth ti
Phalh inm ie thm eiffiwan` `rgphs rmprmsmnts thm vgragtain ie phitimfmltral lurrmnt (a) wath antmnsaty (A) ie thm anlabmnt fa`ht9 (G)
?1.
<κ ? ? κ <κ =κ κ (B) x 3 , , , …., (?n “ 7) ? ? ? ? (L)
\
q7
A
Ri pribulm linstrultavm antmremrmnlm gt g piant thm pgth baeemrmnlm omtwmmn twi wgvms supmrpisan` gt g piant shiufb om (G) x 3 4, κ, ?κ, <κ, …., nκ (O) x 3 κ, <κ, =κ ,…., (?n “ 7)κ
q?
(G) R.N.M.A 3
_
q2
q<
q7 + q ? + q < ?ν4 <
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. (O)
R.N.M.A 3
(L)
R.N.M.A 3
(q 7 + q ? + q < )
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
27.
cmtgfs G gnb O. Phmn fa`ht ie sgcm wgvmfmn`th as anlabmnt in G gnb O, thm egstmst mcattmb mfmltrins eric G grm YYYYY thism mcattmb eric O. (G) cirm mnmr`mtal thgn (O) fmss mnmr`mtal thgn (L) ie thm sgcm mnmr`y gs (B) bgtg ansueealamnt
ν4 (q7 + q ? + q < + q 2 )
ν4 (B) R.N.M.A 3 q7 + q ? + q < + q 2
<5.
<0.
An gn npn trgnsastir larluat, thm liffmltir lurrmnt as 74 cG. Ae 14% ie thm mfmltrins mcattmb rmglh thm liffmltir, thm mcattmr lurrmnt (AM) gnb ogsm lurrmnt (AO) grm `avmn oy (G) AM 3 “ 7 cG, AO 3 1 cG (O) AM 3 1 cG, AO 3 “ 7 cG (L) AM 3 7 cG, AO 3 77 cG (B) AM 3 77 cG, AO 3 7 cG
2?.
f
L
I
a? I
(G) (L)
Gn gftmrngtan` m.c.e, m 3 <44 san (744τt) vift as gppfamb ti g purm rmsastgnlm ie 744 ihc. Lgflufgtm r.c.s lurrmnt thriu`h thm larluat. (G) ?.7?7 G (O) <.7?7 G (L) 2.7?7 G (B) 7.7?7 G
<1.
Phmn mqugf eirlms grm gppfamb gppfamb gt baeemrmnt piants ie iokmlts ie sgcm cgtmragf out ie baeemrmnt shgpms, thm sgcm strgan as nit pribulmb omlgusm (G) thm mxtmrngf eirlm lgusms baeemrmnt strgans. (O) thm pripmrty ie cgttmr gt mvmry piant as nit sgcm. (L) thm limeealamnt ie mfgstalaty ie thm sgcm cgtmragf as nit linstgnt. (B) thm ngturm ie mxtmrngf eirlm lhgn`ms.
24.
An Oihr‑s cibmf ie hybri`mn gtic, whalh ie thm eiffiwan` pgars ie qugntatams grm qugntazmb9 (G) Mnmr`y gnb fanmgr cicmntuc. cicmntuc. (O) Fanmgr gnb gn`ufgr cicmntuc. cicmntuc. (L) Mnmr`y gnb gn`ufgr cicmntuc. cicmntuc. (B) Mnmr`y out nit thm gn`ufgr cicmntuc. 2
(O) (B)
a ? + a< a7 ∟ a ? + a<
Iut ie eiffiwan`, thm infy lirrmlt stgtmcmnt goiut sgtmffatms as (G) G sgtmffatm lgnnit lgnnit civm an g stgofm iroat an g pfgnm pgssan` thriu`h thm mgrth‑s lmntrm. (O) @mistgtaingry sgtmffatms grm fgunlhmb an thm mqugtiragf pfgnm. (L) Pm lgn usm kust inm `mistgtaingry `mistgtaingry sgtmffatm sgtmffatm eir `fiogf liccunalgtain griunb thm `fiom. (B) Rhm spmmb ie sgtmffatm anlrmgsms wath gn anlrmgsm an thm rgbaus ie ats iroat.
22.
Rhm earst fanm ie Ogfcmr smrams hgs wgvmfmn`th 5=5< Í. Phgt waff om thm wgvmfmn`th ie thm earst cmcomr ie Fycgn smrams9 (G) 7?7=.2 Í (O) ?=44 Í (L) 0=44 Í (B) 544 Í
2=.
An Qiun`‑s mxpmracmnt, cinilhricgtal fa`ht as usmb ti affucangtm thm twi sfats G gnb O. Antmremrmnlm eran`ms grm iosmrvmb in g slrmmn pfglmb an erint ie thm sfats. Niw ae g than `fgss pfgtm as pfglmb nircgffy an thm pgth ie thm omgc lican` eric thm sfat
(O) Rhm piant L (B) Rip piant G
<8.
a7 + a ? a7 + a<
2<.
O
(G) Oittic piant O (L) Rhm piant B
a< L
c B
Rhm lurrmnt an thm grc LB ie thm larluat waff om O
G scgff scgff sphmrm sphmrm as gttglhmb ti ti g lirb gnb gnb ritgtms an g vmrtalgf larlfm goiut g piant I. Ae thm gvmrg`m spmmb ie thm sphmrm as anlrmgsmb, thm lirb as cist fajmfy ti ormgj gt thm iramntgtain whmn thm cgss as gt G
υ7 gnb υ? (υ7 > υ?) grm thm wirj eunltains ie
Rhan `fgss pfgtm
G L
O
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. (G) (O) (L) (B) 25.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
thm eran`ms waff basgppmgr. thm eran`m wabth waff anlrmgsm. thm eran`m wabth waff bmlrmgsm. thmrm waff waff om ni lhgn`m lhgn`m an thm eran`m eran`m wabth out thm pgttmrn shaets.
LHMCA\R_Q
=7.
Linbultavaty ie 4.7 4.7 C natral glab as 5.< Ð 74∟? ihc ∟7lc ∟7 . Rhm cifgr linbultavaty ie sifutain as YYYYYYY. (G) 5<4 ihc ∟7lc ? cifm ∟7 (O) <7= ihc ∟7lc ? cifm ∟7 (L) 744 ihc ∟7lc ? cifm ∟7 (B) 5<44 ihc ∟7lc ? cifm ∟7
=?.
An thm fanmgr pgljan` grrgn`mcmnt an inm bacmnsain, thm liirbangtain nucomr as YYYYYYYY. (G) 7 (O) ? (L) < (B) 2
=<.
Rhm baeemrmnlm omtwmmn hmgts ie rmgltain gt linstgnt prmssurm gnb gt linstgnt vifucm eir thm rmgltain ?L5H5(f ) + 7=I?(`) ⎩⎩↟ 7?LI?(`) + 5H?I(f ) gt ?=´L an jK as YYYYYYY. (G) “ 0.2< (O) + <.0? (L) “ <.0? (B) + 0.2<
=2.
Rhm gtical nucomr nucomr ie tharb cmcomr ie thm natri`mn egcafy as YYYYYYY. (G) ?< (O) 7= (L) << (B) 2<
==.
Gn gfjyf hgfabm hgfabm cgy om linvmrtmb anti gn gflihif oy YYYYYYY. (G) gbbatain (O) suostatutain (L) bmhybrihgfi`mngtain (B) mfacangtain
=5.
Rhm bru` whalh oanbs ti rmlmptir satm gnb stips liccunalgtain prilmss ie lmff as lgffmb YYYYYYY. (G) gntg`inasts (O) g`inasts (L) tgr`mt (B) mnzycm
=0.
L
=8.
\u`gr bassifvmb an wgtmr as g typm ie YYYYYYY sifutain. (G) sifab an sifab (O) sifab an `gs (L) sifab an faquab (B) `gs an sifab
↟
Rhm fanm antm`rgf ie cg`nmtal eamfb (O) griunb gny lfismb pgth thriu`h whalh lurrmnt A as
∪
↟ ↟
efiwan` as `avmn oy O bf 3 l
(G) ½4 A? (L) 20.
28.
21.
=4.
½4 A
(O) (B)
½4 A A
½4
Ae A7 as thm cicmnt ie anmrtag ie g than rib goiut gn gxas pmrpmnbalufgr ti ats fmn`th gnb pgssan` thriu`h ats lmntrm ie cgss gnb A? as thm cicmnt ie anmrtag ie thm ran` eircmb oy omnban` thm rib goiut gn gxas pmrpmnbalufgr ti thm pfgnm, thm rgtai ie A7 gnb A? as (G) A7 ; A? 3 7 ; 7 (O) A7 ; A? 3 τ? ; < (L) A7 ; A? 3 τ ; 2 (B) A7 ; A? 3 < ; = An rmcitm lintriffmb rmlmavmrs, thm smnsir grm, (G) FMBs (O) \ifgr lmffs (L) Thitibaibms (B) [mnmr baibms Rhm pitmntagf mnmr`y ie g pgrtalfm mxmlutan` \.H.C as ?.= K, whmn ats baspfglmcmnt as hgfe ie gcpfatubm. Rhm titgf mnmr`y ie thm pgrtalfm as (G) ?.= K (O) 74 K (L) 7? K (B) ?4 K G fin` fin` strga`ht strga`ht warm lgrrams g lurrmnt ie τ G. Rhm cg`nmtal eamfb bum ti at waff om = Ð 74∟= wmomr/c? gt whgt bastgnlm eric thm warm9 Z½4 3 pmrcmgoafaty ie garS (G) 742 ½4 cmtrm 742 (O) cmtrm
½4
745 ½4 cmtrm 745 (B) cmtrm
(L)
½4
=
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. =1.
54.
Lgflufgtm stgnbgrb ermm mnmr`y lhgn`m eir thm rmgltain 7 7 7 ?+ L u (s ) + L f ? ( ` ) L u + L f∟ ? ? ? tgjan` pfglm gt ?= ´L an g lmff whism stgnbgrb m.c.e. as 7.4? vifts. (G) “ 182<4 K (O) 182<4 K (L) 15=44 K (B) “ 21?7= K Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` cmtgf as eiunb mxlfusavmfy an ermm stgtm9 (G) Arin (O) Tfgtanuc (L) Gfucanauc (B) [anl
57.
Rhm eircgtain ie thm licpfmx ain ZLi(NH<)5S<+ anvifvms thm b ?sp< hyorabazgtain ie Li<+ gnb si, thm licpfmx ain shiufb hgvm YYYYYYY `micmtry. (G) gn iltghmbrgf (O) g tmtrghmbrgf (L) g squgrm-pfgngr (B) g tragn`ufgr
5?.
Ae glmtgfbmhybm glmtgfbmhybm as trmgtmb wath Emhfan`‑s sifutain, thm lhgn`m thgt illurs an thm systmc as YYYYYYY. (G) G`+ ↟ G`´ (O) Lu+? ↟ Lu´ (L) Lu+? ↟ Lu+ (B) Ng+ ↟ Ng´
5<.
LH
52.
Mcparalgf eircufg ie TGN as sgcm gs mcparalgf eircufg ie YYYYYYY. (G) vanyf lhfirabm (O) vanyf lygnabm (L) tmtrgefuirimthyfmnm (B) pripyfmnm
5=.
Gff ie thm eiffiwan` grm bagcg`nmtal cgtmragfs MXLMTR YYYYYYY. (G) wgtmr (O) NgLf (L) omnzmnm (B) LuI
55.
G `gsmius hypithmtalgf lhmcalgf mqugtain ?G 2O + L as lgrramb iut an g lfismb vmssmf. Rhm linlmntrgtain ie O as eiunb ti anlrmgsm oy = Ð74∟< cif F∟7 an 74 smlinb. Rhm rgtm ie gppmgrgnlm ie O as YYYYYYY. (G) = Ð 74∟2 cif F∟7sml ∟7
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
50.
Rhm vgpiur vgpiur prmssurm ie purm sifvmnt gnb gnb sifutain grm 7?4 cc H` gnb 748 cc H` rmspmltavmfy. Rhm cifm ergltain ie thm sifvmnt an thm sifutain as YYYYYYY. (G) 4.7 (O) 4.1 (L) 7.? (B) 7.48
58.
Lhmcalgf rmgltain tgjan` pfglm gt lgthibm as YYYYYYY. (G) rmbultain (O) ixabgtain (L) ainazgtain (B) bassilagtain
51.
Rmtrg`ingf lrystgf systmc hgs thm eiffiwan` unat lmff bacmnsains; (G) g 3 o 3 l gnb η 3 ο 3 μ 3 14´ (O) g 3 o ≤ l gnb η 3 ο 3 μ 3 14´ (L) g ≤ o ≤ l gnb η 3 ο 3 μ 3 14´ (B) g 3 o ≤ l gnb η 3 ο 3 14´, μ 3 7?4´
04.
⎧⎬ Tt ( NH< )2 Lf? ⎢⎥ Or? gnb Z Tt ( NH< ) 2 Or? S Lf? grm rmfgtmb ti mglh ithmr gs YYYYYYY asicmrs. (G) iptalgf (O) liirbangtain (L) ainazgtain (B) fanjg`m
07.
Glmtinm rmglts wath aibanm (A?) ti eirc aibieirc, an thm prmsmnlm ie YYYYYYY. (G) J ?\I2 (O) NgIH (L) LgLI< (B) C`LI<
0?.
Rhm ixabgtain stgtm ie ie ixy`mn an H?I? as YYYYYYY. (G) +7 (O) 4 (L) “7 (B) “?
0<.
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` pripmrty as NIR NIR mxpmltmb ti om shiwn oy lippmr9 (G) Ha`h thmrcgf linbultavaty (O) Fiw mfmltralgf linbultavaty (L) Bultafaty (B) Cgffmgoafaty
02.
An thmrcibyngcals, whalh whalh inm ie thm eiffiwan` as NIR gn antmnsavm pripmrty9 (G) Cmftan` piant (O) Bmnsaty (L) Uifucm (B) Rmcpmrgturm
0=.
Rhm rgtm linstgnt ie g rmgltain hgs sgcm unats gs thm rgtm ie rmgltain. Rhm rmgltain as ie YYYYYYY. (G) zmri irbmr (O) earst irbmr (L) smlinb irbmr (B) ninm ie thmsm
⇆
(O) (L) (B) 5
= Ð 74∟= cif F∟7sml ∟7 5 Ð74∟= cif F∟7 sml ∟7 2 Ð74∟2 cif F∟7 sml ∟7
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. 05.
Rhm mce ie thm lmff anvifvan` thm lmff rmgltain, ?G`+ + H ? ?G` + ?H+ as 4.84 U. Rhm stgnbgrb ixabgtain pitmntagf ie G` mfmltribm as YYYYYYY. (G) +4.84 U (O) ∟4.84 U (L) +4.24 U (B) ∟4.24 U
00.
Rhm cifmlufgr cgss ie glmtal glab bassifvmb an wgtmr as 54 `/cif gnb whmn bassifvmb an omnzmnm at as 7?4 `/cif. Rhas baeemrmnlm an omhgvaiur ie LH< LIIH as omlgusm YYYYYYY. (G) glmtal glab cifmlufms gssilagtm ti eirc bacmrs an omnzmnm (O) glmtal glab bims nit euffy bassifvm an wgtmr (L) glmtal glab euffy bassifvms an omnzmnm (B) glmtal glab cifmlufms cifmlufms bassilagtms an omnzmnm
08.
01.
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` hybri`mn hgfabm as g fiw oiafan` faquab gt ?= ´L9 (G) Hybri`mn aibabm (O) Hybri`mn oricabm (L) Hybri`mn lhfirabm (B) Hybri`mn efuirabm
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
8?.
Rhm stgnbgrb hmgts ie eircgtain eir LLf2(`), H?I(`), LI?(`) gnb HLf(`) grm “ ?=.=, “=0.8, “ 12.7 gnb “ ??.7 jlgf, rmspmltavmfy. ∅H eir thm rmgltain LLf2(`) + ?H?I(`) ⎩↟ LI?(`) + 2HLf(`) gt ?18 J as YYYYYYY. (G) “?5=.8 jlgf (O) “711.= jlgf (L) “
8<.
An whalh inm ie thm eiffiwan` linvmrsains, phisphirus pmntglhfirabm pmntglhfirabm as usmb gs g rmg`mnt9 (G) H ? L 3 LH ? ↟ LH
82.
Gcanm thgt LGNNIR om prmpgrmb oy @goramf phthgfacabm synthmsas as YYYYYYY. (G) Gnafanm (O) Omnzyfgcanm (L) Cmthyfgcanm (B) asi-Outyfgcanm
8=.
Rhm oinb thgt unbmr`ims lfmgvg`m an mthyf gflihif ti `avm ats glabal pripmrtams as YYYYYYY. (G) L ∟ L (O) L ∟ I (L) L ∟ H (B) I ∟ H
85.
Eir g rmvmrsaofm spintgnmius lhgn`m, ∅\ asYYYYYY. ∅] T∅U (G) (O) R R q (L) (B) _R fi`m J R
80.
An hybrabms ie `riup 75 mfmcmnts, thm irbmr ie H∟C∟H oinb gn`fm as YYYYYYY. (whmrm C 3 I, \, \m gnb Rm) (G) H?I 6 H?\ 6 H?\m 6 H?Rm (O) H?I > H?\ > H?\m > H?Rm (L) H?I > H?\m > H?\ > H?Rm (B) H?I 6 H?\m 6 H?\ 6 H?Rm
88.
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` as rmsirlanif9 IH
Gfjmnm _ ∟ LH 3 LH? rmglts wath O?H5 an thm prmsmnlm ie bafutm H?I?, ti `avm YYYYYYY. I (G) _ ∟ L ∟ LH< IH IH (O) _ ∟ LH ∟ LH? (L) _ ∟ LH? ∟ LHI (B) _ ∟ LH? ∟ LH? ∟ IH
84.
87.
Phalh pgar ie ogsms as prmsmnt oith an BNG gnb _NG9 (G) Gbmnanm, urglaf, thycanm (O) Gbmnanm, `ugnanm, lytisanm (L) Gbmnanm, `ugnanm, urglaf (B) Gbmnanm, `ugnanm, thycanm Rhm A]TGL ngcm ie Em(LI)= as YYYYYYY. (G) pmntglgroinyfemrrgtm (4) (O) pmntglgroinyfemrrgtm (AAA) (L) pmntglgroinyfarin (4) (B) pmntglgroinyfarin (AA)
(G)
IH
(O) IH IH
IH (L)
(B) HI
IH 0
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. 81.
14.
17.
1?.
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
_aoism as gn mxgcpfm ie YYYYYYY. (G) jmtihmxism (O) gfbipmntism (L) basgllhgrabm (B) gfbihmxism
(L)
Or I
(B)
∟ L ∟ IH I
∟ L ∟ IH
18.
Hmfauc gnb ixy`mn caxturm as usmb oy bmmp smg bavmrs anstmgb ie gar omlgusm YYYYYYY. (G) hmfauc fmss sifuofm an ofiib thgn natri`mn unbmr ha`h prmssurm (O) hmfauc as fa`htmr thgn natri`mn (L) hmfauc as rmgbafy caslaofm an ixy`mn (B) hmfauc as fmss piasinius thgn natri`mn
11.
An thm prmpgrgtain ie J ?Lr ?I0, sibauc sufphgtm eircmb buran` linvmrsain ie sibauc lhricgtm ti sibauc balhricgtm, as rmcivmb oy YYYYYYY. (G) lrystgffazgtain gnb eaftmrgtain (O) bassifvan` at an wgtmr (L) suofacgtain (B) trmgtan` at wath JLf
fi` R
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` omfin`s ti thm gltanabms smrams9 (G) Lm (O) Tu (L) Lg (B) Ls
12.
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` stgtmcmnt as EGF\M9 (G) Ugpiur phgsm natrgtain ie ha`hmr gfjgnms anvifvms suostatutain gs wmff gs L“L oinb eassains. (O) Faquab phgsm natrgtain yamfbs fgr`m nucomr ie pifynatri licpiunbs. (L) Rmcpmrgturm cgantganmb buran` vgpiur phgsm natrgtain as goiut 2?
Rhm `mnmrgf eircufg ie cinilgroixyfal glab as YYYYYYY. (G) LnH?n+7LIIH (O) LnH?nI? (L) LnH?n∟?LIIH (B) Oith (G) gnb (O) 8
(L) Or ∟
Or
1<.
15.
∟ L ∟ IH
fi` j
R
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` prmpgrgtain ie lhfiranm oy HLf9 (G) NgLf (O) (L) CnLf? (B)
∟ L ∟ Or
(O)
7/R
(B)
fi` j
+
I
j
7/R
1=.
(G)
Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` pfits as an gllirbgnlm wath thm Grrhmnaus mqugtain9 (O)
<
I
L5H=LH?Lf + JLN(gfl) ↟ X + Q Licpiunbs X gnb Q grm YYYYYYY. (G) L5H5, JLf (O) L5H=LH?LN, JLf (L) L5H=LH<, JLf (B) LH
fi` j
( a) a)Or? / _m _m b T ↟G JLN↟ O H I↟ L ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩ ↟B ( aa )H ) H? I
Abmntaey thm licpiunb ‘B‑ an thm goivm cmntainmb smrams ie rmgltains.
Rhm nucomr ie pissaofm iptalgf asicmrs as `avmn oy thm eircufg YYYYYYY. (G) 2n (O)
(G)
HOr
10.
gfaphgtal
744. Buran` prmpgrgtain ie bagzinauc sgfts, tmcpmrgturm as cgantganmb gt/omtwmmn YYYYYYY. (G) ?0< J ∟ ?08 J (O) <0< J (L) 27< J (B) =?< J ∟ 0?< J
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
OAIFI@Q;
747. Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` `riup ie calrioms lgn om usmb eir \LT pribultain9 (G) Lhfirmffg gnb G`riogltmrauc (O) \parufang, Lhfirmffg gnb Cmthyfiphafus cmthyfitriphus (L) Tsmubicings gnb \trmptilillus (B) \trmptilillus, Lgnbabg utafas \tgphyfilillus
gnb
74?. Tracgry sullmssain as thm bmvmfipcmnt ie liccunatams in (G) nmwfy mxpismb hgoatgt. (O) lfmgrmb eirmst grmg. (L) ermshfy hgrvmstmb lrip eamfb. (B) pinb eaffmb getmr g bry smgsin. 74<. Lhariptmriphafy as thm prilmss ie piffangtain oy (G) Pgtmr (O) Ogt (L) Ansmlt (B) Oarb 742. An lgttfms, whmn rmb inm as lrissmb wath wath whatm, gn antmrcmbagtm rign lifiurmb ieespran` as eircmb an E7 `mnmrgtain. Phmn smfean` ie E7 `mnmrgtain wgs lgrramb, thm rmsuft iotganmb wgs (G) ? _mb, 7 _ign, 7 Phatm (O) 7 _mb, ? _ign, 7 Phatm (L) 7 _mb, ? _ign, ? Phatm (B) 7 _mb, 7 _ign, 7 Phatm 74=. Rhm lmntrgf bi`cg bi`cg ie pritman synthmsas synthmsas as Rrgnsfgtain (G) BNG ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩↟ c ∟ _NG Rrgnslraptain ⎩⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩ ↟ pritman Rrgnslraptain (O) BNG ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩ ↟ c-_NG Rrgnsfgtain ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩↟ pritman _mpfalgtain (L) _NG ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩↟ BNG Rrgnslraptain ⎩⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩ ↟ pritman Rrgnslraptain (B) _NG ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩ ↟ c-_NG Rrgnsfgtain ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩↟ Tritman 745. Tfgnt `mrcpfgsc as rmprmsmntmb oy (G) vgraius pfgnt pripg`ufms. (O) favan` tassum eric whalh nmw pfgnts lgn om rm`mnmrgtmb. (L) pfgnt lmffs lintganan` `mrcs ie basmgsms. (B) oith (G) gnb (O) 740. Rhm gciunt ie wgtmr wgtmr cifmlufms rmquarmb ti eirc inm cifmlufm ie `fulism an g phitisynthmtal rmgltain as (G) 5 (O) 74 (L) 7 (B) 7?
748. Phalh inm as g oaiemrtafazmr9 (G) NTJ caxturm. (O) _hazioag an fm`ucm riits. (L) _hazioag an egrcygrb cgnurm. (B) @rmmn cgnurm. 741. Mnb pribults pribults ie gn mfmltrin trgnspirt lhgan grm (G) H?I + GRT (O) LI? + GRT (L) Tyruval glab + LI? (B) Tyruval glab + GRT 774. Jgfgnlhim pribulms gbvmntataius oubs in YYYYYYY eir vm`mtgtavm pripg`gtain. (G) tuomrius riits (O) stmc tuomrs (L) fmgvms (B) stifin 777. _ifm ie ogltmrag an lgroin lylfm as (G) ormgjbiwn ie ir`gnal cgttmr (O) phitisynthmsas (L) gs rmsmrviar (B) lhmcisynthmsas 77?. Phgt as thm priogoafaty ie pribultain pribultain ie bwgre ieespran`s an g lriss omtwmmn twi hmtmrizy`ius tgff pmg pfgnts9 (G) [mri (O) =4% (L) ?=% (B) 744% 77<. UGC as (G) Umsalufgr Grouslufgr Cylirrhazg (O) Ugragofm Gbmnanm Cutgtain (L) Ugragofm Gssilagtavm Cutugfasc (B) Uatgcans Gnb Canmrgfs 772. An g tassum lufturm lufturm tmlhnaqum, mxpfgnt as (G) pfgnt liffmltmb getmr hgrvmstan`. (O) basmgsmb pgrt ie g pfgnt. (L) scgff pgrt ie thm pfgnt cmgnt eir tassum lufturm. (B) upriitmb pfgnt eir trgnspfgntgtain. 77=. Phalh mnzycm as rmspinsaofm eir rapmnan` ie ticgtims9 (G) ο-`gfgltisabgsm (O) pify`gfgltiurgngsm (L) trgnsemrgsm (B) pritmifgsm 775. Ogljoinm ie BNG cifmlufm cifmlufm as eircmb oy (G) gftmrngtm su`gr ∟ TI2 ∟ su`gr licpinmnt kianmb oy phisphibamstmr oinb (O) gftmrngtm su`gr ∟ TI2 ∟ su`gr licpinmnt kianmb oy gftmrngtm `fylisabal oinb 1
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
gftmrngtm su`gr ∟ TI2 ∟ su`gr licpinmnt kianmb oy gftmrngtm pmptabm ∟ sufphgtm oinb (B) pifypmptabm fanjg`m
(L)
770. Tifyofmnb bmvmfipmb oy Ghcmb Ghcmb Jhgn as (G) g typm ie ruoomr. (O) g typm ie lmcmnt. (L) g eanm piwbmr ie rmlylfmb gnb cibaeamb pfgstal. (B) gn grtaealagf eaorm. 778. An emrtafazgtain prilmss, whmn whmn cgfm `gcmtms grm lgrramb an g piffmn tuom at as lgffmb (G) jgryi`gcy (O) saphini`gcy (L) ziiabi`gcy (B) pfgsci`gcy 771. @fylifysas as (G) 74 stmp mnzycgtal rmgltain fmgban` eircgtain ie eavm lgroin pyruvgtm. (O) 8 stmp mnzycgtal rmgltain fmgban` eircgtain ie eiur lgroin pyruvgtm. (L) 74 stmp mnzycgtal rmgltain fmgban` eircgtain ie thrmm lgroin pyruvgtm. (B) = stmp mnzycgtal rmgltain fmgban` eircgtain ie thrmm lgroin pyruvgtm.
ti ti ti ti
7?4. Earst lgroihybrgtm lgroihybrgtm eircmb an Lgfvan lylfm as (G) mrythrism∟2∟ phisphgtm (O) sulrism (L) `fulism (B) erultism 7, 5∟baphisphgtm 7?7. Lriss XXQy Ð xxQy yamfbs XxQQ;XxQy; Xxyy;xxyy ieespran`s an thm rgtai ie (G) 4 ; < ; 7 ; 7 (O) 7 ; ? ; 7 ; 4 (L) 7 ; 7 ; 7 ; 7 (B) 7 ; ? ; 7 ; 7 7??. G trmgtmb smwg`m wgtmr hgs (G) cgxacuc OIB (O) (L) fiw OIB (B)
cibmrgtm OIB fmgst OIB
7?<. Fmn`th ie BNG ie κ-phg`m as (G) 74 jop (O) ?4 jop (L) 28.= jop (B) == jop 7?2. Rhm rmpfalgtain ie ie BNG as oriu`ht iut oy gn mnzycm jniwn gs (G) ixabgsm (O) rmbultgsm (L) jangsm (B) pifycmrgsm 7?=. Tiffangtain oy wanb as lgffmb (G) @matini`gcy (O) Gnmciphafy (L) Guti`gcy (B) Ninm ie thm goivm 74
7?5. Ae emrcmntgtain as gffiwmb ti prilmmb an g lfismb vmssmf (G) `gs prmssurm waff bmvmfip omlgusm ie mxlmss ie ixy`mn. (O) `gs prmssurm waff bmvmfip bmvmfip omlgusm ie mxlmss ie lgroin baixabm. (L) vgluuc waff om lrmgtmb. (B) ni lhgn`m waff tgjm pfglm. 7?0. Rhm pyrgcab thgt lgnnit om anvmrtmb an g stgofm mlisystmc, as pyrgcab ie (G) nucomr (O) mnmr`y (L) oaicgss (B) gff thm goivm 7?8. Cmnbmf lrissmb g purm whatm-efiwmrmb rmlmssavm pmg pfgnt wath g bicangnt purm rmbefiwmrmb pfgnt. Rhm earst `mnmrgtain ie hyorabs eric thm lriss shiufb shiw (G) =4% whatm-efiwmrmb gnb =4% rmbefiwmrmb pfgnts. (O) Gff rmb-efiwmrmb pfgnts. (L) 0=% rmb-efiwmrmb gnb ?=% whatmefiwmrmb pfgnts. (B) Gff whatm-efiwmrmb pfgnts. 7?1. Phalh ie thm eiffiwan` as thm fgst stmp ie oai`gs pribultain9 (G) Hybrifytal stg`m (O) Glmti`mnal stg`m (L) Cmthgni`mnal stg`m (B) Gmrioal stg`m 7<4. Lhfiriphyff as prmsmnt (G) in thm iutmr cmcorgnm ie lhfiripfgsts. (O) an thm stricg ie lhfiripfgsts. (L) an thm `rgng ie lhfiripfgsts. (B) thriu`hiut thm lhfiripfgsts. 7<7. Ae LI? as `avmn iut an rmspargtain, why bims thm gciunt ie LI? an thm gtcisphmrm rmcgans rmfgtavmfy linstgnt9 (G) Omlgusm LI? eircs lgroingtm riljs. (O) Omlgusm LI? as oueemr. (L) Omlgusm LI? as linvmrtmb ti lgroihybrgtms an phitisynthmsas. (B) Omlgusm LI? spfats up buran` phitisynthmsas. 7
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
7<2. Gn mxgcpfm mxgcpfm ie g ngturgffy illurran` pgrthmnilgrpal eruat as (G) @ugvg (O) Cgn`i (L) Ogngng (B) Gppfm
72=. Phmn oith thm pgrmnts grm ie ofiib `riup GO, lhafbrmn wiufb om ie ofiib `riup (G) G, O, GO gnb I (O) G, O gnb GO (L) G gnb O (B) G, GO gnb I
7<=. Lhgrgltmrs grm bmtmrcanmb oy twi ir cirm `mnm pgars gnb thmy hgvm gbbatavm ir lucufgtavm meemlt sulh `mnms grm lgffmb (G) pify`mnms (O) pfmaitripal `mnms (L) cuftapfm gffmfms (B) anlicpfmtm `mnms
725. Cgtlh Lifucn ∟ A wath Lifucn ∟ AA gnb smfmlt thm lirrmlt iptain eric thm libms `avmn omfiw.
7<5. An g BNG cifmlufm, whalh gcin` thm eiffiwan` pgars ie natri`mn ogsms grm rmprmsmntmb lirrmltfy9 (G) G 3 R, L 3 @ (O) G 3 R, L ≧ @ (L) G 3 L, R 3 @ (B) G 3 @, L 3 R 7<0. An sunefiwmr, sunefiwmr, smfe piffangtain as gviabmb oy (G) Triti`yny (O) hybriphafy (L) Tritgnbry (B) smfe anlicpgtaoafaty
Lifucn
A
g. @raeeath o. Hmrshmy gnb Lhgsm l. Cmssmfsin gnb \tghf b. Kglio Kglio gnb Cinib Cinib (G) (O) (L) (B)
Lifucn
AA
a. aa.
Fgl ipmrin \mca-linsmrvgtavm BNG rmpfalgtain aaa. Rrgnsbultain
av. Rrgnse Rrgnseirc ircgtai gtainn
g - (av), o - (aaa), l - (aa), b - (a) g - (aaa), o - (av), l - (aa), b - (a) g - (av), o - (aa), l - (aaa), b - (a) g - (aa), o - (a), l - (aaa), b - (av)
7<8. Tracmrs usmb an TL_ tmlhnaqum tmlhnaqum grm (G) bmngturmb BNG sm`cmnts. (O) synthmtal ifa`inulfmitabms. (L) gcpfaeamb `mnms. (B) rmstraltain mnzycms.
720. Calrispiri`mnmsas as g syninyc syninyc eir (G) \pmrcgti`mnmsas. (O) Eircgtain ie piffmn. (L) Eircgtain ie cm`gspirm. (B) Bmvmfipcmnt ie emcgfm `gcmtiphytm.
7<1. Ijgzgja erg`cmnts grm eircmb an (G) prijgryitms infy (O) <‿↟ =‿ barmltain (L) c-_NG (B) =‿↟ <‿ barmltain
728. Rmcpirgry suspmnsain ie `riwth `riwth as lgffmb (G) bircgnly (O) vagoafaty (L) baspmrsgf (B) bmssalgtain
724. An anlicpfmtm bicangnlm, inm liufb `mt 7 ; ? ; 7 rgtai an (G) tmst lriss (O) E? `mnmrgtain (L) E7 `mnmrgtain (B) _ lriss
721. c-_NG as lgffmb gs cmssmn`mr cmssmn`mr _NG _NG omlgusm omlgusm (G) at lgrrams aneircgtain eir pritman synthmsas eric BNG ti raoisicms. (O) at lgrrams aneircgtain eir BNG rmpfalgtain. (L) at lgrrams aneircgtain eir synthmsas ie egtty glabs. (B) Oith (O) gnb (L).
727. G fanmgr tmtrgb ie 2 lmffs fyan` an gn gxagf riw as eircmb buran` thm bmvmfipcmnt ie (G) mcoryi sgl (O) ivgry (L) piffmn `rgans (B) ivufm ivufm
72<. Fa`ht rmgltain ie phitisynthmsas as bmpmnbmnt in bgrj rmgltain eir (G) GRT, NGBTH? (O) su`gr (L) GBT, NGBT (B) I?
7=4. Fgltioglaffus cmbagtmb linvmrsain ie cafj ti lurb rmsufts omlgusm ie (G) Lig`ufgtain gnb pgrtagf ba`mstain ie cafj egts. (O) Lig`ufgtain gnb gnb pgrtagf pgrtagf ba`mstain ie cafj pritmans. (L) Lig`ufgtain ie cafj pritmans gnb licpfmtm ba`mstain ie cafj egts. (B) Lig`ufgtain ie cafj egts gnb licpfmtm ba`mstain ie cafj pritmans.
722. BNG rmpfalgtain an mujgryitms as (G) lintanuius gnb linsmrvgtavm. (O) lintanuius gnb smca linsmrvgtavm. (L) baslintanuius gnb smca linsmrvgtavm. (B) lintanuius gnb baspmrsavm.
7=7. Rhm tmrc ‘mvifutain‑ an oaifi`y oaifi`y cmgns cmgns thgt (G) eissafs grm ifb (O) faem om`gn an smg (L) favan` than`s linstgntfy lhgn`m (B) cgn bmslmnbmb eric gpms
72?. Rhm nmt `gan ie GRT eric mglh cifmlufm ie EGBH? as (G) thrmm (O) twi (L) ma`ht (B) inm
77
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. 7=?. Rhm emrtafazmb m`` bavabms oy thm prilmss ie ie (G) rm`mnmrgtain (O) ii`mnmsas (L) lfmgvg`m (B) anvg`angtain 7=<. Phalh inm ie thm eiffiwan` ansmlt pribulms hinmy9 (G) Hmrpmbin (O) Gpas anbalg (L) Rgllhgrbag fgllg (B) Oicoyx cira 7=2. Rhm anhmratgnlm ir trgnscassain ie lhgrgltmrs eric inm `mnmrgtain ti nmxt as lgffmb (G) vgragtain (O) trgnseircgtain (L) hmrmbaty (B) `mnmtals 7==. Lgflatinan fiwmrs thm lgflauc fmvmf an thm ofiib. Rhas as smlrmtmb oy (G) pgrgthyriab (O) hypithgfgcus (L) gbrmngf (B) thyriab 7=5. UNR_ as (G) Ugragofm Nucomr ie Rhycanm _mpmgts (O) Ugragofm Nucomr ie Rrgnslraptain rmpmgts (L) Ugragofm Nucomr ie Rgnbmc rmpmgts (B) Ugragofm Nulfmitabm ie Rgnbmc rmpmgts 7=0. Tgssavm accunaty accunaty lgn om iotganmb oy oy ankmltan` (G) gntaoibams (O) gnta`mns (L) gntaoaitals (B) vgllangtain 7=8. Ofiib as (G) nit g tassum (O) g tassum (L) g faquab linnmltavm tassum (B) g faquab `riunb tassum 7=1. Rhm cgan natri`mnius wgstm ie Hybrg as (G) gccinag infy. (O) urmg infy. (L) ural glab infy. (B) oith (G) gnb (L) 754. @mccufm eircgtain eircgtain an spin`ms as hmfpeuf hmfpeuf an (G) pgrthmni`mnmsas (O) smxugf rmpribultain (L) infy bassmcangtain (B) gsmxugf rmpribultain 757. YYYYYYY hgs gbgptmb eir groirmgf gbgptgtain. (G) Lgcmf (O) Cinjmy (L) Fgomi (B) Ta`min 75?. Rhm vmntralfms ie thm organ grm eaffmb wath (G) Lmrmorispangf efuab (O) Fycph (L) Ofiib (B) Gcnaital efuab 7?
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
75<. Liglmrvgtms (G) grm liffiab bripfmts (O) lintgan nulfmipritman (L) grm oith (G) gnb (O) (B) pritioaint 752. Ri mnsurm meemltavmnmss ie rmpribultain an cgccgfs, whalh ie thm eiffiwan` as acpirtgnt9 (G) Eircgtain ie yifj sgl (O) _mtmntain ie yifj sgl (L) _mbulmb nucomr ie m`` (B) Eircgtain ie pfglmntg 75=. Rmnbmnly ie `mnms ti `mt anhmratmb ti`mthmr as lgffmb (G) baeemrmntagf anhmratgnlm (O) pfmitripasc (L) fanjg`m (B) lucufgtavm anhmratgnlm 755. Gcnailmntmsas as g prilmss ti (G) bmtmrcanm gny basmgsm an hmgrt (O) bmtmrcanm gny hmrmbatgry basmgsm an thm mcoryi (L) jniw goiut thm basmgsm ie organ (B) gff ie thmsm 750. G pmrsin wath gnta`mn ‘O‑ gntaoiby ‘g‑ an thm pfgscg ofiib `riup (G) G (O) (L) GO (B)
O I
758. Nmutriphafs smrvm gs (G) cippan` up (L) cglriphg`ms
hastilytms shilj triips
(O) (B)
in _OLs gnb omfin`s ti thm
751. Fiip ie Hmnfm as cmgnt eir gosirptain ie (G) pitgssauc (O) `fulism (L) wgtmr (B) LI? 704. Lgubg mpababycas fmgbs ti (G) vgs meemrmns (O) vgs bmemrmns (L) mkglufgtiry bult (B) rmtm tmstas 707. Ae thm strin` pgrtnmr as omnmeattmb gnb thm wmgj pgrtnmr as bgcg`mb, at as jniwn gs (G) gcmnsgfasc (O) sycoaisas (L) prmbgtain (B) gffitriphy 70?. YYYYYYY nmrvm as gfsi lgffmb gs Bmntasts nmrvm. (G) hypi`fissgf (O) tra`mcangf (L) `fissiphgryn`mgf (B) ifegltiry 70<. Hicifi`ius ir`gns grm sacafgr an (G) strulturm (O) eunltain (L) bmvmfipcmnt (B) omhgvaiur
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. 702. Phalh cmthib cmthib ie gnacgf ormmban` wgs usmb usmb ti bmvmfip Hasgrbgfm9 (G) Iut-lrissan` (O) Lriss-ormmban` (L) Iut-ormmban` (B) Antmrspmlaeal hyorabazgtain 70=. Hgmciphafal cgn cgrrams g nircgf nircgf wicgn. Rhmar ieespran`s waff om (G) gff `arfs hgmciphafal (O) gff nircgf (L) gff hgmciphafal (B) gff oiys hgmciphafal 705. Ansufan mxtrgltmb gnb puraeamb eric thm pgnlrmgs ie lgttfm gnb pa`s eunltains wmff an thm hucgn oiby omlgusm (G) thm lhmcalgf strulturm ie ansufan an thmsm gnacgfs as infy sfa`htfy baeemrmnt eric hucgn ansufan. (O) thm strulturm ie lmffs ie pgnlrmgs ie thmsm gnacgfs gnb hucgn grm sgcm. (L) oith (G) gnb (O) (B) ninm ie thmsm 700. Iilyst ie cgfgragf pgrgsatm as pribulmb an (G) hucgn mrythrilytms (O) hucgn favmr lmffs (L) sticglh wgff ie cisquati (B) sgfavgry `fgnbs ie cisquati 708. Hucgn hmgrt as mnlfismb an g biuofm biuofm wgffmb sgl lgffmb (G) Tmraticm (O) Tmralgrbauc (L) Tmralgrbagf sanus (B) Tmranmurgf sanus 701. Rhm vmssmf fmgban` ofiib (lintganan` natri`mnius wgstm) anti thm Oiwcgn‑s lgpsufm as jniwn gs (G) geemrmnt grtmraifm (O) meemrmnt grtmraifm (L) rmngf grtmry (B) rmngf vman 784. Eacoragtmb eunnmf as (G) Trixacgf pgrt ie ivabult (O) ]tmrus pgrt (L) ]rangry ofgbbmr pgrt (B) ]rmtmr pgrt 787. An 7182, thm Ohipgf `gs `gs trg`mby tiij pfglm omlgusm cmthyf asilygngtm (G) rmgltmb wath LI?. (O) rmgltmb wath wgtmr. (L) rmgltmb wath BBR. (B) rmgltmb wath gccinag.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
78?. Glmtyflhifanm as g/gn (G) lhmcalgf cmssmn`mr. (O) lhmcalgf trgnscattmr glriss thm syngpsm. (L) gntastrmss hircinm. (B) ba`mstavm mnzycm. 78<. Hgrby-Pmanomr` pranlapfm mxpfgans (G) lhricisicgf gomrrgtain (O) `mnmtal braet (L) `mnmtal mquafaorauc (B) gff ie thmsm 782. Rurnmr‑s synbricm synbricm an hucgns as lgusmb oy (G) Gutisicgf gnmupfiaby (O) \mx lhricisicm nin-baskunltain (L) Tifypfiaby (B) Tiant cutgtain 78=. Lgnlmr as rmfgtmb ti (G) unlintriffmb `riwth ie tassums (O) nin-cgfa`ngnt tucir (L) lintriffmb bavasain ie tassums (B) ninm ie thmsm 785. Mnbilranm `fgnbs (G) bi nit pissmss bults. (O) sicmtacms bi nit hgvm bults. (L) piur thmar smlrmtain anti ofiib thriu`h bults. (B) gfwgys hgvm bults. 780. Larlufgtain an hucgns as (G) pufcingry larlufgtain (O) systmcal larlufgtain (L) san`fm larlufgtain (B) biuofm larlufgtain 788. Glutm jabnmy ankury (GJA) as lhgrgltmrazmb oy (G) gnurag (O) pifyurag (L) ifa`urag (B) pritmanurag 781. Trmpuomrgf pmraib pmraib rmemrs ti g stg`m ie (G) `riwth, mnfgr`mcmnt ie ir`gn systmcs gnb cgturgtain ie rmpribultavm cmlhgnascs (O) anatagtain ie `ingbs (L) anatagtain ie ir`gns (B) cgturgtain ie `ingbs gfinm 714. Ibb piffutgnt gcin`st thm eiffiwan` as (G) \I? (O) LI? (L) LI (B) Glab rgan 717. Rrmm ie faem as (G) Groir vatgm (L) Ira`an ie lirta
(O) Tins vgrifaa (B) Bamnlmphgfin 7<
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
Cibm Cibmff Rmst Rmst Tgpm Tgpmrr - 47
71?. Linnmltan` fanj omtwmmn gpm gnb cgn as (G) Lri Cg`nin Cgn (O) Gustrgfipathmlus Gustrgfipathmlus (L) Nmgnbmrthgf Cgn (B) Fmcur 71<. Lhmcalgffy, Hmrian as lgffmb (G) bamthyfgcabms (O) bipgcanm (L) baglmtyfcirphanm (B) mthyfgcabm 712. Gn`angf pgan usugffy stgrts an thm lmntrm lmntrm ie thm lhmst gnb sprmgbs (G) tiwgrbs fiwmr gobicmn (O) biwn thm fmet hanb faco (L) biwn thm fmet grc (B) biwn thm ra`ht grc 71=. Rhm pfglmntg as euffy eircmb oy thm mnb ie thm YYYYYYY cinth gnb fgsts thriu`hiut prm`ngnly. (G) 7st (O) ?nb (L)
7=-78 hrs ?2-28 hrs
718. Ifegltirmlmptirs grm (G) tiulh rmlmptirs (O) pgan rmlmptirs (L) scmff rmlmptirs (B) prmssurm rmlmptirs 711. ‘Anfgnb eashmrams‑ as rmemrrmb ti gs (G) lufturan` eash an ermsh wgtmr (O) trgppan` gnb lgpturan` eashms eric smg ligst (L) bmmp smg eashan` (B) mxtrgltain ie iaf eric eashms 72
?44. Gn accmbagtm acpglt ie H@T wgs (G) abmntaealgtain ie `mnms gssilagtmb wath hucgn basmgsms. (O) bmvmfipcmnt ie nmw strgtm`ams eir basmgsm bmtmltain. (L) bmvmfipcmnt ie annivgtavm thmrgpams eir trmgtcmnt ie basmgsm. (B) gff ie thm goivm
GN\PM_ JMQ\ RI CIBMF RM\R TGTM_\
?5<
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
Gnswmr Jmys ti Cibmf Rmst Tgpmrs
Cibmf Cibmf Rmst Rmst Tgpmr Tgpmr - 47 7. (L) 77. (L) ?7. (O) <7. (L) 27. (O) =7. (G) 57. (G) 07. (O) 87. (L) 17. (O) 747. (O) 777. (G) 7?7. (O) 7<7. (L) 727. (G) 7=7. (L) 757. (O) 707. (L) 787. (O) 717. (G)
?. (B) 7?. (O) ??. (G)
<. (L) 7<. (B) ?<. (B) <<. (O) 2<. (O) =<. (G) 5<. (O) 0<. (O) 8<. (L) 1<. (O) 74<. (O) 77<. (G) 7?<. (L) 7<<. (L) 72<. (L) 7=<. (O) 75<. (L) 70<. (G) 78<. (L) 71<. (L)
2. (B) 72. (B) ?2. (L) <2. (L) 22. (G) =2. (L) 52. (O) 02. (L) 82. (G) 12. (B) 742. (O) 772. (L) 7?2. (B) 7<2. (L) 722. (L) 7=2. (L) 752. (B) 702. (O) 782. (O) 712. (L)
=. (G) 7=. (B) ?=. (L) <=. (B) 2=. (B) ==. (O) 5=. (B) 0=. (G) 8=. (B) 1=. (B) 74=. (O) 77=. (O) 7?=. (O) 7<=. (G) 72=. (O) 7==. (B) 75=. (L) 70=. (O) 78=. (G) 71=. (L)
5. (O) 75. (B) ?5. (B) <5. (B) 25. (L) =5. (G) 55. (G) 05. (O) 85. (L) 15. (B) 745. (B) 775. (G) 7?5. (O) 7<5. (O) 725. (G) 7=5. (L) 755. (O) 705. (G) 785. (G) 715. (O)
0. (G) 70. (O) ?0. (B) <0. (G) 20. (O) =0. (B) 50. (O) 00. (G) 80. (O) 10. (O) 740. (B) 770. (L) 7?0. (O) 7<0. (L) 720. (O) 7=0. (G) 750. (O) 700. (L) 780. (B) 710. (B)
8. (G) 78. (O) ?8. (O) <8. (G) 28. (L) =8. (L) 58. (G) 08. (B) 88. (L) 18. (G) 748. (O) 778. (O) 7?8. (O) 7<8. (O) 728. (G) 7=8. (L) 758. (L) 708. (O) 788. (L) 718. (L)
1. (L) 71. (O) ?1. (G) <1. (G) 21. (O) =1. (G) 51. (O) 01. (B) 81 (O) 11. (G) 741. (G) 771. (L) 7?1. (L) 7<1. (B) 721. (G) 7=1. (G) 751. (L) 701. (G) 781. (G) 711. (G)
74. (G) ?4. (O) <4. (O) 24. (L) =4 (G) 54. (O) 04. (L) 84. (O) 14. (B) 744. (G) 774. (L) 7?4. (B) 7<4. (L) 724. (O) 7=4. (O) 754. (B) 704. (O) 784. (G) 714. (B) ?44. (B)
0. (O) 70. (G) ?0. (L) <0. (L) 20. (B) =0. (L) 50. (B) 00. (O) 80. (L) 10. (G) 740. (B) 770. (L) 7?0. (G) 7<0. (O) 720. (B) 7=0. (L) 750. (B) 700. (G) 780. (O) 710. (G)
8. (G) 78. (O) ?8. (B) <8. (L) 28. (O) =8. (G) 58. (O) 08. (L) 88. (L) 18. (O) 748. (O) 778. (O) 7?8. (O) 7<8. (O) 728. (G) 7=8. (B) 758. (G) 708. (B) 788. (L) 718. 718. (O) (O)
1. (B) 71. (B) ?1. (L) <1. (G) 21. (O) =1. (G) 51. (O) 01. (L) 81. (B) 11. (O) 741. (G) 771. (G) 7?1. (L) 7<1. (L) 721. (G) 7=1. (B) 751. (B) 701. (O) 781. (B) 711. (O)
74. (B) ?4. (O) <4. (L) 24. (O) =4. (O) 54. (B) 04. (L) 84. (G) 14. (L) 744. (L) 774. (B) 7?4. (O) 7<4. (G) 724. (L) 7=4. (O) 754. (G) 704. (G) 784. (O) 714. (B) ?44. (L)
Cibmf Cibmf Rmst Rmst Tgpmr Tgpmr - 4? 7. (G) 77. (L) ?7. (G) <7. (G) 27. (L) =7. (G) 57. (B) 07. (G) 87. (G) 17. (L) 747. (B) 777. (L) 7?7. (L) 7<7. (O) 727. (O) 7=7. (O) 757. (G) 707. (G) 787. (O) 717. (O)
?52
?. (G) 7?. (G) ??. (L)
<. (B) 7<. (O) ?<. (B) <<. (G) 2<. (L) =<. (G) 5<. (O) 0<. (O) 8<. (L) 1<. (O) 74<. (L) 77<. (B) 7?<. (L) 7<<. (L) 72<. (O) 7=<. (G) 75<. (O) 70<. (L) 78<. (L) 71<. (G)
2. (B) 72. (O) ?2. (B) <2. (B) 22. (G) =2. (B) 52. (B) 02. (B) 82. (B) 12. (O) 742. (B) 772. (O) 7?2. (G) 7<2. (L) 722. (B) 7=2. (B) 752. (L) 702. (L) 782. (O) 712. (O)
=. (G) 7=. (O) ?=. (B) <=. (O) 2=. (L) ==. (G) 5=. (G) 0=. (G) 8=. (O) 1=. (O) 74=. (O) 77=. (B) 7?=. (G) 7<=. (O) 72=. (G) 7==. (L) 75=. (O) 70=. (B) 78=. (B) 71=. (O)
5. (B) 75. (O) ?5. (G) <5. (O) 25. (G) =5. (O) 55. (L) 05. (G) 85. (G) 15. (L) 745. (O) 775. (B) 7?5. (O) 7<5. (G) 725. (B) 7=5. (O) 755. (G) 705. (L) 785. (G) 715. (G)
HANR\ RI CIBMF RM\R TGTM_\
?02
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
Hants ti Cibmf Rmst Tgpmrs
Bum ti bmlrmgsm an sureglm grmg, thmrm as bmlrmgsm an sureglm mnmr`y. \i, mnmr`y as mvifvmb.
∲
<_ 7 7 3 _ H ⎧⎯ ? ∟ ? ⎢⎭ 3 H κFycgn ⎬7 ? ⎥ 2
<<.
Eir g ofglj ofglj oiby, oiby, rgtm ie mnmr`y rgbagtain W 3 T 3 GόR 2 ir T ∓ R 2 t
∲
κFycgn 3 κOgfcmr Ð
2=.
An thm thm prmsmnlm prmsmnlm ie than than `fgss `fgss pfgtm, thm thm eran`m eran`m pgttmrn pgttmrn shaets shaets,, wathiu wathiutt gny gny lhgn`m lhgn`m an eran` eran`mm wabth. wabth.
25.
Eric Gcpmrm larluatgf fgw, O. bf 3 ½4A
2
2
∲
T7 ⎚ R7 ⎞ ⎠ (?0< + 0) ⎪ 7 3⎖ ⎙ 3⎨ ⎦ 3 T? ⎓ R? ⎤ ⎡ (?0< + ?80) ⎣ 75 T? 3 75T7
<=.
R.N.M.A 3 ∗qa
<5.
AL 3
∲
∲ <0.
<8.
∲
14 Ð AM ⇟ 74 3 4.1 Ð AM 744 74 AM 3 3 77 cG 4.1 Gfsi AM 3 AO + AL ⇟ AO 3 77 “ 74 3 7 cG.
<1.
Ira`angf bacmnsains ie iokmlts grm baeemrmnt. Gfsi, lhgn`m an thmar bacmnsains cgy nit om sgcm. Rhas rmsufts anti baeemrmnt strgan lgusmb an thm iokmlts getmr thm sgcm eirlm as gppfamb.
27.
(J.M.)G 3 hγ “ υ7 (J.M.)O 3 hγ “ υ? Gs υ7 > υ? ⇟ (J.M.)G 6 (J.M.)O
2?. 2<.
22.
Gllirban` ti Jarlhhiee's fgw, a LB 3 a ? + a <
@C : si spmmb ie r sgtmffatm bmlrmgsms wath thm anlrmgsm an thm rgbaus ie ats iroat. Pm nmmb cirm cirm thgn inm sgtmffatm eir `fiogf liccunalgtain. Eir stgofm iroat at cust pgss thriu`h thm lmntrm ie mgrth. \i infy (O) as lirrmlt.
κOgfcmr ?05
=_ 7 7 3 _ H ⎧⎯ ? ∟ ? ⎢⎭ 3 H ⎬ ? < ⎥ <5
∪
↟
whmrm A as thm lurrmnt mnlfismb oy larluat. 20.
C.A. ie than rib A7 3 CF?/7? …..(a) C.A. ie ran` A? 3 C_ ? …..(aa) Rhm rib as omnb ti eirc g ran`, F 3 ? τ_ Eric mqugtain (a) gnb mqugtain (aa) wm `mt, CF? 7 A7 3 Ð 7? C_ ? A? 3
21.
∲
=4
∲ =7.
τ? C(?τ_ )? 7 2C τ ? _ ? Ð 3 3 C_ ? 7? < 7?C_ ?
7 cρ? x? 3 ?.= K ? G Gs x 3 ? ? 7 ? ⎚G⎞ cρ ⎖ ⎙ 3 ?.= ? ⎓?⎤ ? 7 7 ? G cρ 3 ?.= cρ? G? 3 74 K ∲ 2 ? ? 7 Ritgf mnmr`y ie systmc 3 cρ?G? 3 74 K ? T.M. 3
½4 A ?τ r r 3 742 ½4 cmtrm
O3
∲
= Ð 74∟= 3
½4 τ Ð ?τ r
j Ð 7444 5.< Ð 74∟? ihc ∟7lc ∟7 ∠3 3 4.7c 4.7cif if / 7444lc 7444lc< L 5.< Ð 74∟? ihc∟7 lc∟7 Ð 7444 lc< 3 4.7cifm ∟7 3 5<4 ihc lc? cifm∟7
Iroatgf spmmb, γ4 3
7
= 3 7?7=.2 Í ?0
l
Rhm tmnsain an thm stran` as fgr`mst gnb mqugf ti cv? + c` gt thm oittic. r M 3 M4 san ρt gnb M4 3 <44 U M <44 A4 3 4 3 3 < G _ 744 Eric eircufg, < ? < Arcs 3 3 3 7.= Ð ? 3 7.= Ð 7.272 ? ? Arcs 3 ?.7?7 G
7
=<.
∅H ∟ ∅] 3 ∅n_R 3 ∟ < Ð 8.<72 Ð ?18 3 ∟ 02
=2.
Rhm gtical nucomr nucomr ie tharb cmcomr ie thm natri`mn egcafy as << whalh rmprmsmnts grsmnal. (a.m., 0 + 8 + 78 3 <<)
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
Cibmf Rmst Tgpmr 7.
<.
E 3 R Ð (?τ r 7 + ?τr ?) 3 R Ð ?τ Ð (7.0= + ?.?=) Ð 74∟? 3 4.402 Ð ? Ð <.72 Ð 2 Ð 74∟? 3 7.85 Ð 74 “? N _msingnt ermqumnly
3
7 bims nit ?τ FL
bmpmnb in rmsastgnlm. A3
∲
U 3 A _ GO GO 3
∲
_ + 74 ?
Ð 74 3
_ + 74 74 U ?4 ?4 3 3 F (_ + 74) _ + 74
∲
⎚ ?4 ⎞ 74 Ð 74 3 4.2 ⎖ ⎙ ⎓ _ + 74 ⎤
∲
_ + 74 3
8. 1.
78.
Rhm gvmrg`m janmtal mnmr`y, J 3
∲
J ∓R J 7 R7 R ? 3 3 3 J ? R? R 7 ? J 7 ; J ? 3 ? ; 7
∲
?4.
?4 _ + 74 74
∲ ∲
⎚U⎞ M f 3 f ⎖ ⎙ ⎓F⎤
∲
½ 3 tgn aT ⇟ aT 3 tgn “7 n
∲
?
5.
7=.
∽
“<
∲
8 3 844 74∟? _ 3 014 ℥.
?7.
Ae wm anlrmgsm thm smrams rmsastgnlm, rgn`m ie viftcmtmr as anlrmgsmb. CA ie sphmrm goiut thm bagcmtmr 3
? C_ ? =
? C_ ? 3 ?4 ir C_ ? 3 =4 = C.A. goiut thm tgn`mnt (gll. ti thmirmc ie || gxas) ? 0 0 3 C_ ? + C_ ? 3 C_ ? 3 Ð =4 3 04 j` ∟c? = = =
∲ ?<. ?2.
a.m.
74.
∲ 72.
7.??κ 7.?? Ð = Ð 74 ∟0 bθ 3 3 3 57 Ð 74 “8 rgb 7 b 784 Ð 54 Ð 54 bθ 3 57 Ð Ð 74 “8 s ≈ 4.7< s <.72 3 2= 3 = Ð 1 f 3 f ‿ 3 11 3 77 Ð 1 \i ithmr fmn`ths omtwmmn thmsm vgfums grm, f 7 3 0 Ð 1 3 5< lc f ? 3 1 Ð 1 3 87 lc \i eunbgcmntgf fmn`th as 1 lc.
∲ ∲
13
κ
2 κ 3 1 Ð 2 3 <5 lc.
?8. <4.
<7.
< jR ?
⎚ x ⎞ y 3 y4 san ?τ ⎖ et ∟ ⎙ ⎓ κ ⎤ by ⎚ x ⎞ 3 y4 ?τe lis ?τ ⎖ et ∟ ⎙ bt ⎓ κ ⎤ by 3 y4 ?τe bt cgx Pgvm vmfilaty 3 e κ Gllirban` ti thm `avmn linbatain, y 4 ?τe 3 2e κ τ y4 κ 3 ? Gllirban` ti fgw ie linsmrvgtain ie gn`ufgr cicmntuc: cvG Ð IG 3 cvO Ð IO: vO / vG 3 IG / IO 3 x E 3 Cg 3 Cρ? x 3 Cρ? G san ρt Hmnlm `rgph omtwmmn E gnb t as g sanm lurvm. Ritgf lhgr`m W 3 W7 + W? 3 L7U7 + L?U? 3 ? Ð 74 “5 Ð 744 + 5 Ð 74 “5 Ð <44 3 ?44 Ð 74 “5 + 7844 Ð 74 “5 3 ?444 Ð 74 “5 L 3 ?4 Ð 74 “2 L. Thitimfmltral lurrmnt ∓ Antmnsaty. h 7 h `‿ 3 ` ⎚⎖ 7 ∟ ⎞⎙ Gs h 3 _ ⇟ 3 ? _ ? ⎓ _ ⎤ 7 `‿ 3 ` ⎚⎖ ⎞⎙ ⎓?⎤ 7 7 ⇟ P‿ 3 c`‿ 3 c` ⎚⎖ ⎞⎙ 3 24 ⎚⎖ ⎞⎙ 3 ?4 j`-wt. ⎓?⎤ ⎓?⎤ MG 3 ?, f G 3 f O MO EG 3 EO E ∅f E ∅f ⇟ MG . G Ð G 3 MO . O Ð O Grmg f G Grmg f O ∅f M ⇟ O 3 G 3 ?;7 ∅f G M O ?0=
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb. Gbbatain ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩ ↟ rmgltain
==.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt Nit shiwn oy gfjyf hgfabm gs at as g sgturgtmb licpiunb
52.
Bmhybrihgfi`mngtain ⎩⎩⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩↟ ↟ _ ∟ LH 3 LH ? + HX _ ∟LH? ∟LH? ∟X “““ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ Gfl.JIH
Gfjyf hgfabm
Gfjmnm
Mfacangtain ⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩ ⎩↟ Gfl.JIH
_ ∟ LH 3 LH ? + HX
Gflihif
L
=8.
Rhm physalgf stgtm ie thm sifutm a.m., su`gr su`gr as sifab gnb thgt ie thm sifvmnt a.m., wgtmr as faquab. Hmnlm, su`gr bassifvmb an wgtmr as g typm ie sifab an faquab sifutain.
=1.
∅@´ 3 ∟nEM´ 3 ∟ 7Ð15=44 Ð7.4? 3 ∟ 182<4 K.
54.
Cmtgfs whalh grm nit ha`hfy rmgltavm tiwgrbs gar, wgtmr, lgroin baixabm gnb nin-cmtgfs illur an ermm ir ngtavm stgtm. Mxgcpfms ie sulh cmtgfs anlfubm, `ifb gnb pfgtanuc whalh illur mxlfusavmfy an thmar ngtavm stgtm. Phmrmgs cmtgfs fajm arin, gfucanauc gnb zanl illur an thm licoanmb eirc. Rhm `micmtry ie thm licpfmx ain gnb thm typm ie hyorabasgtain grm gs `avmn omfiw; @micmtry Rragn`ufgr \qugrm pfgngr Rmtrghmbrgf Iltghmbrgf
5<.
Rypm ie hyorabasgtain sp? bsp? sp< b?sp<
Rhm `mnmrgf eirc ie thm A]TGL ngcm ie mthmr as gfjixygfjgnm whmrm thm gfjyf wath fgr`mr nucomr ie lgroins as linsabmrmb gs pgrmnt. 7
?
<
L?H= ∟ I ∟ LH? ∟ LH? ∟ LH<
∲
7∟Mthixypripgnm as thm A]TGL ngcm.
Mcparalgf eircufg; L
5=.
LuI lintgans unpgarmb mfmltrins. Hmnlm, at as pgrgcg`nmtal. pgrgcg`nmtal. An wgtmr, NgLf gnb omnzmnm, omnzmnm, mfmltrins grm pgarmb. Hmnlm thmy grm bagcg`nmtal.
55.
Anlrmgsm an linlmntrgtain ie O 3 = Ð 74∟< cif F∟7 : Racm 3 74 sml _gtm ie gppmgrgnlm ie O Anlrmgsm Anlrmgsm an thm linlmntrgtain ie O 3 Racm Racm tgjm tgjmnn
LH< “ N “ LH LH < | LH<
Mthyfcmthyfgcanm ir Rracmthyfgcanm ir N-Cmthyfmthgngcanm N,N-Bacmthyfcmthgngcanm N,N-Bacmthyfcmthgngcanm (\mlinbgry gcanm) (Rmrtagry gcanm)
57.
Mcparalgf eircufg; L
sml-Tripyfgcanm ir Asipripyfgcanm ir Tripgn-?-gcanm (Tracgry gcanm)
LH< “LH? “NH“LH<
Tify glryfinatrafm (TGN)
Uanyf lygnabm
Gfjmnm
gq.JIH ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩↟ _ ∟LH? ∟LH? ∟IH+HX \uostatutain
=0.
Gff thm gtics ie cinicmr vanyf lygnabm grm prmsmnt an thm gbbatain pifycmr TGN, hmnlm thmy oith hgvm thm sgcm mcparalgf eircufg. LN LN ∟ LH? ∟ LH ∟ LH? 3 LH n
3 50.
= Ð 74∟< cif F∟7 3 = Ð 74∟2 cif F∟7 sml ∟7 74 sml sml
Rhm vgpiur prmssurm ie purm sifvmnt 3 p7i 3 7?4 cc H` Rhm vgpiur prmssurm ie sifutain 3 p 3 748 cc H` Cifm ergltain ie sifutm 3 x? pi ∟ p Gllirban` ti _giut‑s fgw, 7 i 3 x? p7 7?4 ∟ 748 3 x 3 4.7 7?4
?
Cifm ergltain ie sifvmnt 3 7“ x? 3 7“ 4.7 3 4.1 51.
Rmtrg`ingf systmc hgs thm unat lmff bacmnsains g 3 o ≤ l, η 3 ο 3 μ 3 14´ .
04.
Oith ⎧⎬ Tt ( NH < )2 Lf ? ⎢⎥ Or? gnb Z Tt( NH < ) 2 Or? SLf ? hgvm sgcm eircufg out `avm baeemrmnt ains an thm sifutain. Hmnlm, thmy grm ainazgtain asicmrs.
0<.
Lippmr as g `iib linbultir ie mfmltralaty, omlgusm at as g trgnsatain mfmcmnt gnb lintgans unpgarmb mfmltrins. Hmnlm, lippmr shiws ha`h mfmltralgf linbultavaty.
02.
Cmftan` piant, bmnsaty gnb tmcpmrgturm grm antmnsavm pripmrtams gs thmar cg`natubms grm anbmpmnbmnt ie thm gciunt ie cgttmr prmsmnt an thm systmc whafm vifucm as gn mxtmnsavm pripmrty gs ats cg`natubm bmpmnbs in thm gciunt ie cgttmr prmsmnt an thm systmc. ?00
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
Hants ti Cibmf Rmst Tgpmrs
0=.
Eir g zmri irbmr rmgltain, thm rgtm fgw as bZGS rgtm 3 j ZGS4 3 j 3 ∟ bt Hmnlm eir zmri irbmr rmgltain, thm unats ie thm rgtm linstgnt gnb thm rgtm ie thm rmgltain grm sgcm.
05.
An thm goivm lmff, safvmr unbmr`ims rmbultain gnb hybri`mn unbmr`ims ixabgtain. 4 M lmff 3 M 4ixa + M 4rmb
∲
4.84 3 M 4H
+ ? | H ixa
+ M 4G`
+
| G`
81.
∲
4.84 3 4.4 + M 4G`
∽
M 4H
∲
M 4G` / G` +
00.
Rhm cifmlufgr cgss ie cinicmr ie glmtal glab as 54 `/cif. Rhm cifmlufgr cgss ie bacmr ie glmtal glab as 7?4 `/cif. An wgtmr, infy cinicmr as prmsmnt. An omnzmnm, gssilagtain ie twi cinicmrs ie glmtal glab thriu`h hybri`mn oinban` rmsufts an eircgtain ie g bacmr.
? |H
+
+
| G`
∲ M4G`+ |G` 3 4.84 U
3 4.4 U
Omnzyf lhfirabm
Baoirgnm
↟ ?(_ ∟LH? ∟ LH?)
IH (_ ∟ LH? ∟ LH?)
Rragfjyfoirgnm
<_ ∟ LH? ∟ LH?IH + O(IH)< Gflihif
8?.
4
Gt ?18 J, ∅H as ∅H , a.m. stgnbgrb hmgt ie eircgtain Eir, LLf2(`) + ?H?I(`) ⎩↟ LI?(`) + 2HLf(`), ∅H4 3 9 ∅H 4_mgltain 3 ∅H 4Tribults “ ∅H 4_mgltgnts 3 ∅H e 4LI + 2 Ð ∅H e 4HLf ∟ ∅H e 4LLf ?
“ ? Ð ∅
2
H e 4H I ?
3 “ 12.7 + 2 Ð (“??.7) “ (“?=.=) “ ? Ð (“=0.8) 3 “ 27.2 jlgf 8<.
∅ LH< “ LH? “ IH + TLf= ⎩⎩ ↟ LH< “ LH? “ Lf
Mthyf gflihif
Mthyf lhfirabm
+ TILf< + HLf Thisphirus ixylhfirabm
82.
Oy @goramf phthgfacabm cmthib infy pracgry gfaphgtal gcanm lgn om prmpgrmb out gnafanm as gricgtal gcanm. ?08
17.
3 ∟4.84 U
01. 5_ ∟LH 3 LH?+O?H5 Gfjmnm
An hybrabms, thm lmntrgf gtic as sp< hyorabazmb whalh rmsufts an gn`ufgr strulturm. Rhm irbmr ie H∟C∟H oinb gn`fm as; H?I > H?\ > H?\m > H?Rm 742.=´ 1?.7´ 17´ 14´ In civan` biwn thm `riup, thm gtical sazm anlrmgsms gnb thm mfmltrinm`gtavaty bmlrmgsms. Rhm mfmltrin bmnsaty griunb lmntrgf gtic bmlrmgsms gnb thm rmpufsain omtwmmn thm mfmltrin pgar bmlrmgsms, thus rmsuftan` an thm bmlrmgsm an thm oinb gn`fm. _aoism as g eavm lgroin cinisgllhgrabm cinisgllhgrabm lintganan` gn gfbmhybal `riup. Rhus, at as gn gfbipmntism. L5H= ∟ LH? “Lf + JLN ⎩↟ L5H= “ LH? “ L ≧ N
80.
(gfl)
Omnzyf lygnabm
+ JLf Mg Grrhmnaus mqugtain as fi` j 3 fi` G “ . ?.<4<_R 7 Phmn fi` j as pfittmb g`ganst , g strga`ht R
1?.
fanm wath nm`gtavm sfipm as iotganmb. 1<. Lm-fgnthgnabm, Ls-gfjgfa cmtgf, Tu-gltanabm, Lg-gfjgfanm mgrth cmtgf. 12. Cmthgnm bims nit unbmr`i natrgtain. 1=. ToI? rmglts wath HLf ti `avm lhfiranm. ToI? + 2HLf ↟ ToLf? + Lf? + ?H?I Hybrilhfiral glab
Fmgb baixabm
Fmgb balhfirabm
Lhfiranm
Pgtmr
10. HOr ⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩ ↟
+
H
JLN ↟ Or ⎩⎩⎩
( a) a) Or Or? / _m _m b T LIIH ⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩⎩⎩⎩ ⎩⎩ ↟ ( aa )H )H ? I
LN
LIIH Or 18. G caxturm ie hmfauc gnb ixy`mn as usmb eir thm rmspargtain an bmmp smg bavan` anstmgb ie gar omlgusm hmfauc as fmss sifuofm an thm ofiib thgn natri`mn unbmr ha`h prmssurm. 11. An thm prmpgrgtain prmpgrgtain ie ie J ?Lr ?I0, gqumius sifutain lintganan` Ng ?Lr ?I0 gnb Ng?\I2 as linlmntrgtmb. Ng?\I2 hgvan` fiwmr sifuoafaty lrystgffazms iut gnb eurthmr thm lrystgfs ie Ng?\I2 grm rmcivmb oy eaftmrgtain. 744. Gricgtal bagzinauc sgfts grm sicmwhgt stgofm stgofm gt fiw tmcpmrgturm gnb hmnlm, buran` thmar prmpgrgtain lifb linbatains grm rmquarmb. Buran` prmpgrgtain ie bagzinauc sgfts, tmcpmrgturm as cgantganmb gt/omtwmmn ?0< J ∟ ?08 J.
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
CH-LMR ; ?4 Wumstain Tgpmr \mt
742. T `mnmrgtain; __ (_mb) Ð PP (Phatm) @gcmtms;
_
_P(_ign)
E? `mnmrgtain;
_P Ð _P
_ P
_
P
__ (rmb) _P (rign)
_P (rign) PP (whatm)
@gcmtms;
P
E7 `mnmrgtain;
; ?
;
7
740. \uccgry ie phitisynthmsas as 5LI? + 7?H?I Lhfiriphyff ⎩⎩⎩⎩ ↟ L5H7?I5 + 5I?↗ + 5H?I \unfa`ht 7? cifmlufms ie wgtmr grm rmquarmb ti eirc inm cifmlufm ie `fulism buran` phitisynthmsas. 748. _hazioag grm thm natri`mn eaxan` ogltmrag thgt eirc sycoaital gssilagtain wath riits ie fm`ucanius pfgnts. 741. Rhm mnb pribults ie MR\ grm wgtmr gnb GRT. GRT. Rhm ixy`mn whalh as thm fgst gllmptir an MR\ licoanms wath ?H+ prmsmnt an thm cgtrax gnb wgtmr cifmlufm as eircmb. Rhrmm GRT cifmlufms grm gfsi eircmb gt thm mnb ie MR\. Rt Ð Rt R
t
RR Rt Rt tt Rgff ; Bwgre < ; 7 77<. Eun`gf hyphgm hyphgm pmnmtrgtm anti thm hist hist lmffs gnb eircs vmsalfms ir eanmfy orgnlhmb grouslfms, hmnlm thm ngcm Umsalufgr Grouslufgr Cylirrhazgm. 778. ‘\aphini`gcy‑ as thm trgnspirt trgnspirt ie nin-citafm cgfm `gcmtms thriu`h piffmn tuom. Tfgsci`gcy as thm eusain ie pritipfgsts ie twi lmffs. Jgryi`gcy as thm eusain ie twi nulfma. [iiabi`gcy as thm trgnspirt ie citafm `gcmtms thriu`h wgtmr. R t
XQ Xy
XQ
74=. Lmntrgf bi`cg ie cifmlufgr oaifi`y pripisms unabarmltaingf ir inm wgy efiw ie aneircgtain eric BNG ti _NG gnb eric _NG ti pritman.
77?. Tgrmnts Tgrmnts ; E7;
XXQy Ð xxQy xQ xy
E7 `mnmrgtain ;
Thmnitypal rgtai; 7 _mb ; ? _ign ; 7 Phatm @mnitypal rgtai ; __ ; _P ; PP 7
7?7. Tgrmnts ;
Xy
xQ
XxQQ XxQy
xy
XxQy
Xxyy
Rhus, XxQQ ; 7 XxQy ; ? Xxyy ; 7 xxyy ; 4 7?=. @matini`gcy;
Guti`gcy;
At as thm trgnsemr ie piffmn `rgans eric gnthmr ti sta`cg ie gnithmr efiwmr pribulmb in thm sgcm pfgnt. At as thm trgnsemr ie piffmn`rgans eric gnthmr ti sta`cg ie thm sgcm efiwmr.
7?0. Rhm pyrgcab ie mnmr`y lgnnit om anvmrtmb an g stgofm mlisystmc omlgusm gt mglh triphal fmvmf infy 74% mnmr`y as fmet. Rhus, thm gciunt ie mnmr`y bmlrmgsms gnb pyrgcab waff gfwgys om upra`ht gnb lgnnit om anvmrtmb. 7?1. Cmthgni`mnal stg`m as thm fgst stg`m ie ie oai`gs pribultain. Buran` thas stg`m, cmthgni`mnal ogltmrag pribulm oai`gs whalh as cganfy cgbm up ie cmthgnm. 7<2. Tgrthmnilgrpal eruats grm bmvmfipmb wathiut emrtafazgtain, thus thmy grm wathiut smmbs. 7<0. An balhi`gcy, stgcmns gnb lgrpmfs bi nit cgturm sacuftgnmiusfy ti prmvmnt smfe piffangtain. An sunefiwmr, pritgnbry as a s smmn an whalh piffmn `rgans grm rmfmgsmb culh omeirm sta`cg omlicms rmlmptavm, thus smfe piffangtain as gviabmb. 7<1. \ynthmsas ie nmw strgnb ie BNG as pissaofm infy an =‿↟ <‿barmltain. 724. An anlicpfmtm bicangnlm, bicangnlm, whmn whmn hmtmrizy`ius hmtmrizy`ius E7 pri`mny as smfemb an cinihyorab lriss, thm E? pri`mny as an thm rgtai 7 ; ? ; 7. 727. Cm`gspirm cithmr lmff unbmr`ims cmaisas ti eirc eiur hgpfiab cm`gspirms. Iut ie eiur cm`gspirms an g fanmgr tmtrgb, usugffy thm uppmr thrmm bm`mnmrgtm gnb thm fiwmrcist omlicms eunltaingf cm`gspirm whalh eircs emcgfm `gcmtiphytm ir mcoryi sgl. ?01
Rgr`mt Tuofalgtains Tvt. Ftb.
Hants ti Cibmf Rmst Tgpmrs
72<. Fa`ht rmgltain privabms gssacafgtiry piwmr (GRT + NGBTH ?) eir bgrj rmgltain. At as utafazmb gnb GBT gnb NGBT grm eircmb ti om usmb oglj an thm fa`ht rmgltain. 72=. Tgrmnts ; Cgfm Ð Emcgfm @mnitypm ie Tgrmnts ; AG AO Ð AG AO @gcmtms ; AG AO AG AO E7 `mnmrgtain ; A
G
A O A
G
G G
A A AG AO
O
A
G O
A A AO AO
Rhmrmeirm, thm ofiib `riup ie thm lhafbrmn wiufb om G, O gnb GO. 720. Eircgtain ie cm`gspirm gnb bmvmfipcmnt ie emcgfm `gcmtiphytm as lgffmb gs Cm`gspiri`mnmsas. 7==. Lgflatinan as g nin-aibanazmb hircinm smlrmtmb oy thm pgrgeiffalufgr lmffs ie thyriab stricg. 7=1. Rhm cgan natri`mnius wgstm ie Hybrg as gccinag. Hybrg hgs ni ir`gn ie mxlrmtain, thmrmeirm, mxlrmtain ie natri`mnius wgstm cgttmr illurs barmltfy oy baeeusain thriu`h thm cmcorgnm. 754. @mccufms grm mnbi`mnius oubs eircmb in annmr sabm ie pgrmntgf oiby. 757. Lgcmf “ Bmsmrt gbgptgtain Fgomi “ Gqugtal gbgptgtain Ta`min “ Gmragf gbgptgtain 75?. Rhm lmrmorispangf efuab as smlrmtmb oy gntmrair lhiriab pfmxus gnb pistmrair lhiriab pfmxus gnb as eiunb ansabm thm vmntralfms ie thm organ gnb lmntrgf lgngf ie thm spangf lirb. 75<. Liglmrvgtms grm thm liffiabgf g``rm`gtms ie fgr`m licpfmx ir`gnal cifmlufms lgpgofm ie `riwth gnb bavasain. 758. Cglriphg`ms mn`ufe calriir`gnascs gnb rmcivm bmoras. 704. Ugs bmemrmns as g fgr`mr bult bult grasan` eric lgubg mpababycas gnb rmglhms up ti thm smcangf vmsalfms. 70<. Hicifi`ius ir`gns grm strulturgffy sacafgr out eunltaingffy bassacafgr. 702. Hasgrbgfm as g nmw ormmb ie shmmp bmvmfipmb an Tunkgo oy lriss-ormmban` Oajgnmra mwms gnb Cgrani rgcs. ?84
Hgmciphafal cgn
70=.
@gcmtms
E7;
Ð
Nircgf wicgn
XhQ Q X
XX X
Xh X
XQ
Lgrramr bgu`htmr
Nircgf sin
Bgu`htmrs gnb sins phmnitypalgffy nircgf.
oith
waff
om
787. Cmthyf asilygngtm rmglts qualjfy wath wgtmr gnb lgusmb swmffan` ie fun`s gnb bmvmfipcmnt ie lgtgrglt an thm myms. 78<. Hgrby-Pmanomr` mquafaorauc mquafaorauc pranlapfm stgtms thgt `mnm (gffmfm ir `mnitypm) ermqumnlams rmcgan sgcm eric `mnmrgtain ti `mnmrgtain thus cgantganan` thm `mnmtal mquafaorauc unfmss basturomb oy egltirs fajm cutgtain, ninrgnbic cgtan` mtl. 785. Mnbilranm `fgnb as g bultfmss `fgnb. Rhmsm smlrmtains efiw barmltfy anti thm ofiib strmgc. 780. An hucgns, hucgns, thm ofiib ofiib pgssms twalm thriu`h thm hmgrt. Inlm at `ims eric thm ra`ht vmntralfm ti thm fun`s gnb rmturns ti thm fmet gtrauc (pufcingry larlufgtain): larlufgta in): at a t thmn `ims thriu`h thm fmet vmntralfm, larlufgtms thriu`h thm oiby gnb g`gan rmturns ti thm ra`ht gtrauc ie thm hmgrt (systmcal larlufgtain). Rhas as lgffmb biuofm larlufgtain ie thm ofiib. 714. Glab rgan as g smlinbgry piffutgnt, whmrmgs \I?, LI gnb LI ? grm pracgry piffutgnts. 717. Groir vatgm as g orgnlhmb orgnlhmb trmm-fajm strulturm licpismb ie whatm cgttmr an lmrmomffuc. At as gfsi prmsucmb ti om thm smgt ie siuf. 71?. Gustrgfipathmlus Gustrgfipathmlus shiws lhgrgltmrs ie oith gpms gnb cgn. 712. Gn`angf pgan bmvmfips an nmlj, fiwmr kgw, fmet grc gnb fmet shiufbmr. 715. Phmn \I? piffutain an gar as culh ha`hmr, \I? caxms an thm gar wath scgff pgrtalfms ie cmtgfs nmgr thm egltirams gnb `mts ixabasmb anti sufphur traixabm (\I<). Rhmsm `gsms grm hgrceuf gnb thmy rmglt wath wgtmr ti eirc sufphural glab (H?\I2) ir sufphurus glab (H ?\I<) gnb licm biwn ti mgrth wath rgan wgtmr. Rhas as lgffmb glab rgan ir glab prmlapatgtain.
