LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM FILTRASI FILTRASI LABORATORIUM LABORATORIUM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI
SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016 2 015/2016
MODUL
: Filtrasi
PEMIMING
: E!!a H"r!a#ati
PRATI PRATIUM UM : 24 S"3t" S"3t"!* !*"r "r 2015 2015 PENERAHAN: 24 S"3t"!*"r 2015
Dis$s$% &l"': R() A) F"*+ Laila%i )
1,1-1102,
Sa'ara T$lai%i
1,1-11025
S'&.i+a ar(a' Na*ila
1,1-11026
,A D, T"%i i!ia "l&!3& 6
PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III TEKNIK KIMIA JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2015
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belaka! Air !"r$3aa% "*$t$'a% +a% 3ali% !"%(asar *ai !a'l$ 'i($3) Air +a% (i$%aa% 'ar$s !"!"%$'i s+arat (ari s"i $alitas !a$3$% $a%titas%+a) S"7ara $alitas8 air 'ar$s t"rs"(ia 3a(a &%(isi +a% !"!"%$'i s+arat "s"'ata%9 +a% (a3at (iti%a$ (ari as3" .isia8 i!ia8 (a% *i&l&i) A(a%+a 3"r"!*a%a% i%($stri (a% 3"!$i!a% (a3at !"%a%7a! $alitas air *"rsi'8 s"'i%a (i3"rl$a% $3a+a 3"r*aia% *ai s"7ara s"("r'a%a !a$3$% !&("r%) P"%&la'a% air !"r$3aa% sala' sat$ $3a+a $%t$ !"!3"r&l"' air *"rsi' $%t$ "*$t$'a% r$!a' ta%a8 i%sta%si 3"%(i(ia% !a$3$% $%t$ "*$t$'a% i%($stri)
Dala! !"!"%$'i "*$t$'a% 3r&($si s$at$ i%($stri +a% s"!ai% *"rta!*a' (a% *"r"!*a% 3"sat (i3"rl$a% s$at$ sist"! +a% (a3at !"%$%a% "*$t$'a% 3r&($si t"rs"*$t) Sala' sat$ 3r&s"s +a% *iasa%+a (ila$a% (ala! s$at$ i%($stri +ait$ 3r&s"s 3"!$r%ia% ata$ 3"!isa'a% (ala! 3"%&la'a% $%t$ !"%'asila% s$at$ 3r&($) P"%&la'a% air ("%a% 3"!$r%ia% ata$ 3"!isa'a% t"rs"*$t (a3at (ila$a% s"7ara .isia8 i!ia (a% *i&l&i8 "tia 3r&s"s t"rs"*$t sali% *"r"si%a!*$%a% $%t$ !"!3"r&l"' $alitas air +a% !"!"%$'i sta%(ar) Pa(a 3rati$! i%i (ila$a% 3r&s"s 3"%&la'a% air *"rsi' s"7ara .isia8 +ait$ 3r&s"s .iltrasi) P"%&la'a% air s"7ara .isia !"r$3aa% sala' sat$ ta'a3 (ari 3"%&la'a% air ("%a% t$$a% (a3at !"%$ra%i ;at 3a(at +a% t"ra%($% (ala! air) Mas$( (ari ;at 3a(at t"rs"*$t iala' ;at 3a(at t"rlar$t8 t"rs$s3"%si ata$ &l&i(8 s"'i%a (a3at (i7a3ai $alitas air +a% !"!"%$'i s+arat $alitas air s"7ara .isia) S"7ara $!$!8 3r&s"s .iltrasi a(ala' 3r&s"s +a% (i$%aa% 3a(a 3"%&la'a% air *"rsi' $%t$ !"!isa'a% *a'a% 3"%&t&r <3arti$lat= +a% t"r(a3at (ala! air ("%a% !"%$%aa% .ilt"r)
1.2 T"#"a Dari 3"r7&*aa% +a% t"la' (ila$a%8 (i'ara3aa% !a'asis#a (a3at:
1 2 , -
M"la$a% (a% !"!3"laari 3r&s"s .iltrasi9 M"%"%t$a% %ilai ""r$'a% air +a% t"ra(i s"la!a 3r&s"s .iltrasi9 M"%"%t$a% ".isi"%si (ari 3r&s"s .iltrasi9 (a% M"%"%t$a% %ilai TSS 3a(a 3r&s"s .iltrasi)
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
1
F$ltra%$ Me&$a B"t$ra S"7ara $!$! .iltrasi a(ala' 3r&s"s +a% (i$%aa% 3a(a 3"%&la'a% air *"rsi' $%t$
!"!isa'a% *a'a% 3"%&t&r <3arti$lat= +a% t"r(a3at (ala! air) Pa(a 3r&s"s%+a air !"r"!*"s (a% !"l"#ati !"(ia .ilt"r s"'i%a aa% t"ra$!$lasi 3a(a 3"r!$aa% .ilt"r (a% t"r$!3$l s"3a%a% "(ala!a% !"(ia +a% (il"#ati%+a) Filt"r $a !"!3$%+ai "!a!3$a% $%t$ !"!isa'a% 3arti$lat s"!$a $$ra% t"r!as$ (i(ala!%+a ala"8 >ir$s8 (a% &l&i(&l&i( ta%a') Pa(a .iltrasi ("%a% !"(ia *"r*$tir8 t"r(a3at !"a%is!" .iltrasi s"*aai *"ri$t: P"%+ari%a% s"7ara !"a%is itas *i&l&is 2
Me&$"' F$lter
A3a*ila air &la'a% !"!3$%+ai 3a(ata% ("%a% $$ra% s"raa!8 sari%a% +a% (i$%aa% a(ala' single medium) S"*ai%+a *ila $$ra% 3a(ata% *"raa!8 (i$%aa% sari% dual medium ata$ three medium) P"%+ari%a% air &la'a% +a% !"%a%($% 3a(ata% *"raa! (ari $$ra% *"sar sa!3ai "7il/'al$s) P"%+ari%a% (ila$a% ("%a% 7ara !"!*$at sari%a% *"rti%at8 +ait$ sari%a% asar8 sari%a% s"(a% sa!3ai sari%a% 'al$s)
(a%
"%is
sari%a%
*"r!a7a!!a7a!)
P"%+ari%a%
*a'a%
3a(ata%
asar
!"%$%aa% sari%a% *"r$$ra% 5 20 !!8 s"(a%a% 3a(ata% +a% 'al$s <'i3"r.iltrasi= (a3at
!"%$%aa% sari%a% +a% l"*i' 'al$s lai) Sari%a% i%i (i$sa'aa% !$(a' (ia%at (a% (i*"rsi'a%) a'a% $%t$ 3"%+ari%a% asar (a3at t"r*$at (ari l&a! ta'a% arat s"3"rti stai%l"ss st""l8 a#at t"!*aa8 *at$ "riil8 *t$ *ara8 ar*&% ati.) P"%+ari%a% $%t$ 3a(ata% +a% 'al$s (a3at !"%$%aa% ai% 3&l+"st"r ata$ 3asir) J"%is sari%a% +a% *iasa (i$%aa% a(ala' sari%a% *"r"tar8 *ars7r""% ra7s8 (a% *a 3"%+ari%a% sari%a% 3asir la!*at) J"%is sari%a% +a% *a%+a (i$%aa% a(ala'sari%a% *a 3asir (a% *at$a%) Sari%a% 3asir !"%$%aa% *at$ "riil (a% 3asir) Pasir +a% *ai $%t$ 3"%+ari%a% a(ala' 3asir $asa) J"%is sari%a% !"%$r$t &%str$si%+a (i*"(aa% !"%a(i sari%a% !iri%8 sari%a% 3"!*a#a8 sari%a% s"%tri.$al (a% (r$! *"r3$tar) "7"3ata% 3"%+ari%a% (i"l&!3&a% !"%a(i tia:
Single medium: sari%a% $%t$ !"%+ari% air +a% !"%a%($% 3a(ata% ("%a% $$ra% s"raa!
Dual medium: sari%a% $%t$ !"%+ari% air li!*a' +a% (i(&!i%asi &l"' ($a $$ra% 3a(at Three medium: sari%a% $%t$ !"%+ari% air li!*a' +a% !"%a%($% , $$ra% 3a(ata%
Ga!*ar%+a s"3"rti *"ri$t i%i:
U$ra% .ilt"r (i*ai !"%a(i: Pasir sa%at asar <>"r+ 7&ars" sa%(= : 2 ? 1 !!
Pasir asar <7&ars" sa%(= : 1 ? 085 !!
Pasir s"(a%
Pasir 'al$s <.i%" sa%(= : 0825 ? 081 !!
Pasir sa%at 'al$s <>"r+ .i%" sa%(= : 081 ? 0805 !!
Sist"! alira% air &la'a% (ala! s+st"! .iltrasi t"r(iri (ari *"*"ra3a !a7a!) P"%"%t$a% alira% i%i !"!3"r'atia% si.at (ari li!*a' 3a(at +a% aa% (i.iltrasi) Sist"! alira% t"rs"*$t (i*ai !"%a(i "!3at s+st"!8 +ait$ alira% '&ri;&%tal8 alira% ra>itasi8 alira% (ari *a#a' " atas (a% alira% a%(a) (
Fakt)r * +akt)r ,a! Me'-e!ar"$ E+$%$e%$ Pr)%e% F$ltra%$ Dala! 3r&s"s .iltrasi t"ra(i r"asi i!ia (a% .isia8 s"'i%a *a%+a .at&r?.at&r +a%
sali% *"raita% +a% aa% !"!3"%ar$'i 3$la $alitas air 'asil .iltrasi8 ".isi"%si%+a8 (a% s"*aai%+a) Fat&r?.at&r t"rs"*$t a(ala' ("*it .iltrasi8 "(ala!a% !"(ia8 $$ra% (a% !at"rial8 &%s"%trasi ""r$'a%8 ti%i !$a air8 "'ila%a% t"a%a%8 (a% t"!3"rat$r)<a$s8201,= 1 D"*it Filtrasi D"*it +a% t"rlal$ *"sar aa% !"%+"*a*a% ti(a *"r.$%si%+a .ilt"r s"7ara ".isi"%) S"'i%a 3r&s"s .iltrasi ti(a (a3at t"ra(i ("%a% s"!3$r%a8 ai*at a(a%+a alira% air +a% t"rlal$ 7"3at (ala! !"l"#ati r&%a (ia%tara *$tira% !"(ia 3asir) Hal i%i !"%+"*a*a% *"r$ra%%+a #at$ &%ta a%tara 3"r!$aa% *$tira% !"(ia 3"%+ari% ("%a% air +a% aa% (isari%) "7"3ata% alira% +a% t"rlal$ ti%i saat !"l"#ati r&%a a%tar *$tira% !"%+"*a*a% 3arti"l?3arti"l +a% t"rlal$ 'al$s +a% t"rsari% aa% l&l&s) 2
&%s"%trasi ""r$'a% &%s"%trasi ""r$'a% sa%at !"!3"%ar$'i ".isi"%si (ari .iltrasi) &%s"%trasi ""r$'a% air *a$ +a% sa%at ti%i aa% !"%+"*a*a% t"rs$!*at%+a l$*a% 3&ri (ari !"(ia ata$ aa% t"ra(i 7l&i%) S"'i%a (ala! !"la$a% .iltrasi s"ri% (i*atasi s"*"ra3a *"sar &%s"%trasi ""r$'a% (ari air *a$ <&%s"%trasi air i%.l$"%= +a% *&l"' !as$) Jia &%s"%trasi ""r$'a% +a% t"rlal$ ti%i8 'ar$s (ila$a% 3"%&la'a% t"rl"*i' (a'$l$8 s"3"rti !isal%+a (ila$a% 3r&s"s &a$lasi ? .l&$lasi (a% s"(i!"%tasi)
,
T"!3"rat$r A(a%+a 3"r$*a'a% s$'$ ata$ t"!3"rat$r (ari air +a% aa% (i.iltrasi8 !"%+"*a*a% !assa "%is <("%sit+=8 >is&sitas a*s&l$t8 (a% >is&sitas i%"!atis (ari air aa% !"%ala!i 3"r$*a'a%) S"lai% it$ $a aa% !"!3"%ar$'i (a+a tari !"%ari (ia%tara 3arti"l 'al$s 3"%+"*a* ""r$'a%8 s"'i%a t"ra(i 3"r*"(aa% (ala! $$ra% *"sar 3arti"l +a% aa%
(isari%) Ai*at i%i $a aa% !"!3"%ar$'i (a+a a(s&r3si) Ai*at (ari "($a%+a i%i8 aa% !"!3"%ar$'i t"r'a(a3 ".isi"%si (a+a sari% .ilt"r) M"%$r$t Gris#i(ia <200@= +a% (i$ti3 (ari $r%al P"%"%t$a% S"tti% L">"l O3ti!al M"(ia P"%"r%i' Air T"r'a(a3 Ti%at ""r$'a% (a% a%($%a% F" ("%a% M"t&(" F$ll Fa7t&rial 22 (a% Pri%7i3al &!3&%"%t A%al+sis &l"' S$(ar!&%& <2010=8 t"!3"rat$r *"r3"%ar$' t"r'a(a3 ""%tala%8 ati.itas *i&l&i8 (a% r"asi i!ia) P"%ar$' T"!3"rat$r t"r'a(a3 ""%tala% • Jia t"!3"rat$r air s"!ai% ti%i8 !aa ""%tala% air aa% s"!ai% r"%(a' s"'i%a a+a "s" air aa% l"*i' 7"3at !"lal$i 7"la' t"rs"*$t ("%a% ("!iia% aa% •
!"!3"r3"%(" #at$ .iltrasi) T"!3"rat$r t"r'a(a3 Ati.itas i&l&i T"!3"rat$r air (a3at !"!3"%ar$'i "7"3ata% !"ta*&lis! *at"ri (ala! air8 a3a*ila t"!3"rat$r !"%7a3ai &3ti!$! $%t$ 3"r"!*a%*iaa% *at"ri8 !aa *at"ri aa%
•
*"rta!*a' ("%a% 7"3at) P"%ar$' T"!3"rat$r t"r'a(a3 R"asi i!ia A3a*ila t"!3"rat$r s"!ai% ti%i8 !aa r"asi i!ia aa% s"!ai% 7"3at8 s"*ali%+a a3a*ila t"!3"rat$r s"!ai% r"%(a' !aa r"asi i!ia aa% s"!ai% la!*at) T"!3"rat$r +a% *ai +ait$ a%tara 20,008 t"!3"rat$r aa% !"!3"%ar$'i "7"3ata% r"asir"asi i!ia)
-
"(ala!a% !"(ia8 $$ra%8 (a% !at"rial P"!ili'a% !"(ia (a% $$ra% !"r$3aa% "3$t$sa% 3"%ti% (ala! 3"r"%7a%aa% *a%$%a% .ilt"r) T"*al ti3is%+a !"(ia aa% !"%"%t$a% la!a%+a 3"%alira% (a% (a+a sari%) M"(ia +a% t"rlal$ t"*al *iasa%+a !"!3$%+ai (a+a sari% +a% sa%at ti%i8 t"ta3i !"!*$t$'a% #at$ 3"%alira% +a% la!a) Lai3$la (iti%a$ (ari s"i *ia+a8 !"(ia +a% t"rlal$ t"*al ti(ala' !"%$%t$%a% (ari s"i "&%&!is) S"*ali%+a !"(ia +a% t"rlal$ ti3is s"lai% !"!ilii #at$ 3"%alira% +a% 3"%("8 "!$%i%a% $a !"!ilii (a+a sari% +a% r"%(a') D"!iia% 3$la ("%a% $$ra% *"sar "7il%+a (ia!"t"r *$tira% !"(ia .iltrasi *"r3"%ar$' 3a(a 3&r&sitas8 la$ .iltrasi8 (a% $a "!a!3$a% (a+a sari%8 *ai it$ &!3&sisis%+a8 3r&3&rsi%+a8 !a$3$% *"%t$ s$s$%a% (ari (ia!"t"r *$tira% !"(ia) "a(aa% !"(ia +a% t"rlal$ asar ata$ t"rlal$ 'al$s aa% !"%i!*$la% >ariasi (ala! $$ra% r&%a a%tar *$tir) U$ra% 3&ri s"%(iri !"%"%t$a% *"sar%+a ti%at 3&r&sitas (a% "!a!3$a% !"%+ari% 3arti"l 'al$s +a% t"r(a3at (ala! air *a$) L$*a% 3&ri +a% t"rlal$ *"sar aa% !"%i%ata% rat" (ari .iltrasi (a% $a aa% !"%+"*a*a% l&l&s%+a 3arti"l 'al$s +a% aa%
(isari%) S"*ali%+a l$*a% 3&ri +a% t"rlal$ 'al$s aa% !"%i%ata% "!a!3$a% !"%+ari% 3arti"l (a% $a (a3at !"%+"*a*a% 7l&i% <3"%+$!*ata% l$*a% 3&ri &l"' 3arti"l 'al$s +a% t"rta'a%= t"rlal$ 7"3at) 5
Ti%i M$a Air Di Atas M"(ia (a% "'ila%a% T"a%a% "a(aa% ti%i !$a air (i atas !"(ia *"r3"%ar$' t"r'a(a3 *"sar%+a ("*it ata$ la$ .iltrasi (ala! !"(ia) T"rs"(ia%+a !$a air +a% 7$$3 ti%i (iatas !"(ia aa% !"%i%ata% (a+a t"a% air $%t$ !as$ "(ala! 3&ri) D"%a% !$a air +a% ti%i aa% !"%i%ata% la$ .iltrasi < *ila .ilt"r (ala! "a(aa% *"rsi'=) M$a air (iatas !"(ia aa% %ai *ila l$*a% 3&ri t"rs$!*at
/
U#$ Keker"a
""r$'a% air (a3at (iti!*$la% &l"' a(a%+a *a'a%*a'a% &ra%i (a% a%&ra%i8 ""r$'a% $a (a3at !"#aili #ar%a) S"(a% (ari s"i "st"tia ""r$'a% air (i'$*$%a% ("%a% "!$%i%a% 'a(ir%+a 3"%7"!ara% !"lal$i *$a%a% (a% #ar%a air t"ra%t$% 3a(a #ar%a air +a% !"!as$i *a(a% air)
U%it t$r*i(itas Ja7s&% a%(l"r T$r*i(i!"t"r (i%+ataa% ("%a% sat$a% 1 JTU) P"%$$ra% ""r$'a% ("%a% !"%$%aa% Ja7s&% a%(l"r T$r*i(i!"t"r *"rsi.at >is$al8 +ait$ !"!*a%(i%a% air sa!3"l ("%a% sta%(ar) S"lai% ("%a% !"%$%aa% Ja7s&% a%(l"r T$r*i(i!"t"r8 ""r$'a% s"ri% (i$$r ("%a% !"t&(" N"3'"l&!"tri7) Pa(a !"t&(" i%i8 s$!*"r7a'a+a (il"#ata% 3a(a sa!3"l (a% i%t"%sitas 7a'a+a +a% (i3a%t$la% &l"' *a'a%*a'a% 3"%+"*a* ""r$'a% (i$$r ("%a% !"%$%aa% s$s3"%si 3&li!"r .&r!a;i% s"*aai lar$ta% sta%(ar) Sat$a% ""r$'a% +a% (i$$r ("%a% !"%$%aa% !"t&(" N"3'"l&!"tri7 a(ala' NTU
"rsi8 aa% t"ta3i Sa#+"r (a% M art+ <14B@= !"%"!$aa% *a'#a -0 NTU s"tara ("%a% -0 JTU) ""r$'a% (i'ila%a% !"lal$i 3"!*$*$'a% s""%is *a'a% i!ia ("%a% si.atsi.at t"rt"%t$ +a% (is"*$t .l&$la%) U!$!%+a .l&$la% t"rs"*$t a(ala' ta#as8 %a!$% (a3at 3$la ara! F"
•
A(a%+a asa(asa( r"%i <3la%t&%=
•
ar%a Air
•
BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM
(.1
Alat &a Baa ,a! D$!"aka
,)1)1) Alat Alat +a% (i*$t$'a% $%t$ 3rati$! iala' s"*aai *"ri$t) N) Na'a Alat J"'la 1 U%it &l&! .ilt"r 1 s"t 1 s"t 2 T$r*i(i!"t"r ( G"las $$r 1000 !l 1 *$a' / Stopwatch 1 *$a' 1 *$a' 5 Beker glass 250 !l 1 *$a' ata% 3"%a($ ""r 3lasti *"r$$ra% 2 lit"r 2 *$a' 2 *$a' ""r 3lasti *"r$$ra% 5 lit"r 20 *$a' 3 &t&l 3lasti $%t$ sampling 10 N"ra7a 1 s"t Alat .iltrasi *"r$3a &l&! .ilt"r *"risi !"(ia .ilt"r 3asir #arsa +a% *"r.$%si !"% +ari%
ata$ !"!i%(a'a% *a'a% t"rs$s3"%si (ala! air s"(a%a% alat t$r*i(i!"t"r *"r.$%si !"%$$r %ilai ""r$'a% air +a% !"!ilii sat$a% NTU
(.2.
Pr)%e&"r Ker#a
,)2)1) Ta'a3 P"!*$ata% Air a$ Arti.isial
Menambahkan bahan kapur, zeolite, atau bentonit dalam jumlah tertentu ke dalam tangka beri
Pengadukan sekitar 3 menit
,)2)2) Ta'a3 O3"rasi Filtrasi M"!&!3aa% air *a$ arti.isial " ta%i (i atas $%it .ilt"r !"(ia *$tira% (a% !"la$a% 3"%a($a% t"r'a(a3 air *a$ 3a(a s"!$a ta%i
M"%$t$3 valve 3a(a alira% *a#a' (a% !"%alira% air *a$ (ari ta%i atas !as$ " (ala! &l&! .ilt"r
M"!*$a valve 3a(a alira% *a#a' saat 3"r!$aa% air (i atas !"(ia .ilt"r t"la' !"%7a3ai head ata$ "ti%ia% t"rt"%t$8 (i!$lai ("%a% alira% la$ "7il
M"!>ariasia% la$ alir air *a$ ("%a% !"%$%aa% 6 >ariasi %ilai +a% *"r*"(a +ait$ ("%a% 7ara !"%at$r valve 3a(a 6 3&sisi +a% *"r*"(a8 *"r$r$ta% (ari la$ "7il " la$ *"sar
M"%$$r *"sar la$ alir &3"rasi .iltrasi $%t$ s"tia3 3&sisi valve !"%$%$ 510 !"%it s"t"la' 3"%$$ra% la$ alir
M"la$a% sampling t"r'a(a3 ".l$"% &3"rasi .iltrasi $%t$ (i$i %ilai ""r$'a%%+a) M"la$a% 3"r7&*aa% +a% sa!a (ari ta'a3 1 s/( , ("%a% air *a$ *"r*"(a
,)2),) Ta'a3 Ui ""r$'a% t"r'a(a3 Hasil P"r7&*aa% M"%'i%(ari sa!3"l (ari 3"%ar$' si%ar !ata'ari (a% !"la$a% $i ""r$'a% s"7"3at !$%i% s"t"la' sampling (ila$a% ata$ !asi!al 3a(a 'ari +a% sa!a ("%a% #at$ sampling %+a M"!*ilas ta*$% $%t$ $i ""r$'a% ("%a% sa!3"l +a% aa% (i$i8 !"%isi ta*$% ("%a% sa!3"l 'i%a l"'"r ta*$%8 t$t$3 (a% la3 (i%(i% l$ar ta*$% ("%a% tis$ sa!3ai "ri%
M"!as$a% ta*$% " chamber 8 "!$(ia% !"%$t$3 chamber
M"%at$r knop s"s$ai ("%a% 3r"(isi ti%at ""r$'a% sa!3"l) M"%at$r knop 3a(a a%a 20 $%t$ sa!3"l ("%a% ti%at ""r$'a% r"%(a' (a% 3a(a a%a 200 $%t$ sa!3"l ("%a% ti%at ""r$'a% ti%i
M"%a!ati (a% !"%7atat 3"!*a7aa% alat t$r*i(i!"t"r s"*aai %ilai ("%a% sat$a% NTU
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