M[C Uaier{rmfmad lai Vgcry rua [erbcrnlafe ma Olad`lievg:
Ieyernmalay Lyyrmouymca lai Ew{`lalymca
O}. N! L! Blmvl` Nlgnui
MI. <;.<7; <;yg Olyfg 'OOL [rcdrlnIe{lryneay cb Bmalafe Uamervmy} cb Iglhl
Uaier Vu{ermvmca cb ‖ Ir! L! G! N! Glomour _lgnla
[rcbevvcr Ie{lryneay cb Bmalafe Uamervmy} cb Iglhl
X Ygmv mv la Mayeravgm{ _e{cry {re{lrei ma {lryml` bu`bm``neay cb yge re|umreneayv cb Olfge`cr cb Ouvmaevv Linmamvyrlymca Linmamvy rlymca [rcdrln ^
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@eyyer cb Yrlavnmyyl`
Nlrfg 6<, ?;;=
Nr! Ir! L! G! N! Glomour _lgnla
[rcbevvcr Ie{lryneay cb Bmalafe Uamervmy} cb Iglhl Iglhl.<;;;
Vuojefy: Vuonmvvmca cb yge Mayera re{cry!
Ielr Vmr Ygmv mv yge ewfe{ymcal``} certge`nmad ew{ermeafe cb vuonmyymad yge ygevmv re{cry tgmfg M gle {re{lrei tmyg n} glri tcrh lai oemad irmea o} yge urde lv l bmalafe vyuieay l`tl}v {uy u{ tmyg ca! M jcmaei Vefurmymev lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca 'VEFbcr yge mayeravgm{ lai tcrhei ca lrmcuv ie{lryneayv! Bmal``} M eaictei n}ve`b ma vyui} locuy M[C Uaier{rmfmad lai en{mrmfl` ew{ermneay ma yge fcayewy cb Olad`lievg! Ygmv re{cry glv lyyen{yei yc bcfuv ca yge M[Cv ew{ermeafei yge nlrhey brcn ?;;5 yc ?;;7 lai juidei gct blr yge} lre uaier{rmfei! M gle {re{lrei ygmv re{cry tmyg yge oevy belvmo`e tl}v lv te`` lv gle yrmei yc nlhe my lv vcuai lv {cvvmo`e!
Geafe, M tcu`i `mhe yc ylhe ygmv c{{cryuamy} yc re|uevy }cu yc hmai`} dc ygrcudg yge re{cry lai vfruymamze gct blr M gle oeea vuffevvbu` ma n} ebbcry!
Yru`} ]curv
N! L! Blmvl` Nlgnui _c``: <;.<7; <;yg Olyfg Olfge`cr cb Ouvmaevv Linmamvyrlymca 'OOL- [rcdrln Ie{lryneay cb Bmalafe Uamervmy} cb Iglhl!
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Lfhact`eideneay
M ln iee{`} maieoyei yc n} vu{ermvcr [rcb! Ir! L! G! N! Glomour _lgnla tgcve ge`{, vymnu`lymad vuddevymcav lai eafcurldeneay ge`{ei ne ma l`` yge ymne cb revelrfg bcr lai trmymad cb ygmv ygevmv! M tcu`i {l} n} drlymyuie yc Nr! Ir! [rcbevvcr Nlgncci Cvnla Mnln tgc vu{{cryei ne ma n} tcrh o} {rcmimad ge`{, vu{{cry, mayerevy lai l`ulo`e gmayv! V{efml` drlymyuie mv ewyeaiei yc l`` cb yge Vefurmymev lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca 'VEFen{`c}eev bcr ygemr fcayrmouymcav tgm`e M fcaiufyei ewyeavme {re.vmye imvfuvvmca, {re{lrei yge vunnlr} cb yge {re.vmye mvmy ilyl, refcriei lai {lrl{grlvei yge ie{lryneayv” rev{cavev, lai crdlamzei ygmv {glve cb yge re{cry brcn yge oedmaamad ygrcudg yge eai!
_efm{meayv cb yge re{cry lre eafcurldei yc vglre yge mabcrnlymca gerema orcli`} ma yge gc{e ygly yge coverlymcav {reveayei tm`` {rcncye yge buryger iee`c{neay cb M[C {rmfmad mvvue ma Olad`lievg!
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Ylo`e cb Fcayeayv Lovyrufy•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• m
Vyui} fcerei•••••••••••••••••••••••••! mm [lry M
[ur{cve cb yge vyui}•••••••••••••••••••••••mmm _lymcal`e cb yge vyui}•••••••••••••••••••••• mmm Vfc{e cb yge vyui}•••••••••••••••••••••••!!!mmm @mnmylymca cb yge vyui}••••••••••••••••••••••mmm Mayrciufymca••••••••••••••••••••••••••!!< [lry MM
En{mrmfl` Emieafe lai @myerlyure _emet••••••••••••••!? Ygecreymfl` drcuai•••••••••••••••••••••••!!!9 [lry MMM
Yge Nlrhey••••••••••••••••••••••••••!!<9 Ew{ermneay Ilyl ••••••••••••••••••••••••<2 Ew{ermneay Neygcic`cd}••••••••••••••••••••!!!<7 [ery MR
_evu`yv cb Ew{ermneay••••••••••••••••••••••!?? [lry R
Ieyernmalayv Lyyrmouymca •••••••••••••••••••••?4 Ew{`lalymca••••••••••••••••••••••••••!!6< [lry RM
Yctlriv {rmfmad ebbmfmeaf}••••••••••••••••••••!69 Occh Oum`imad: l aet erl••••••••••••••••••••!!!65 BFB maf`uvmca ma Bmwei [rmfe neygci mv l drctmad ienlai•••••••!!6= [lry RMM
Fcaf`uvmca••••••••••••••••••••••••••!9< [lry RMMM
L{{eaimw
9?
_ebereafe:
55
9
@mvy cb ylo`ev IVE ma `lvy 9 ]elrv•••••••••••••••••••••••<5 Mamyml` reyura {erfeaylde•••••••••••••••••••••!?? Ievfrm{yme Vylymvymfv bcr yge 6? M[Cv••••••••••••••••?9 Fcrre`lymcav•••••••••••••••••••••••••!!!?7 Ncie` Vunnlr}'o-••••••••••••••••••••••!!!?= LACRL'o-••••••••••••••••••••••••••?= Fcebbmfmeayv'l-•••••••••••••••••••••••••6; Fcebbmfmeay Fcrre`lymcav'l-••••••••••••••••••••5? Fc``maelrmy} Imldacvymfv'l-••••••••••••••••••••56 _evmiul`v Vylymvymfv'l-••••••••••••••••••••••59 Uaiertrmyer _e{uylymca lai _lahmad••••••••••••••••92 Ncae} @eby ca yge Ylo`e ly Bmrvy Il}••••••••••••••••94
@mvy cb bmdurev M[C {rmfmad {geacneaca••••••••••••••••••••!!<6 Nlrhey fcaimymca juidneay•••••••••••••••••••!!!<2 Vefycr re{reveaylymcav ma M[Cv••••••••••••••••••!!<4 _eyura o} mvvue vmze••••••••••••••••••••••!!?? _eyura o} uaiertrmyer”v {revymde•••••••••••••••••!!?6 _eyura o} nlrhey fcaimymca•••••••••••••••••••!!?6 ]elr tmve _eyura•••••••••••••••••••••••!!?6 @cverv lai tmaaerv••••••••••••••••••••••!!!?9 [#E fcn{lrmvcav•••••••••••••••••••••••!!!?5 Ilm`} lbyernlrhey reyura••••••••••••••••••••!!!?2 Funu`lyme gc`imad {ermci reyura•••••••••••••••••?2
5
Lovyrlfy Ygmv {l{er en{mrmfl``} ewlnmaev yge uaier{rmfmad lai yge vgcry rua {erbcrnlafe cb M[Cv ma Olad`lievg! Ma la ebbcry yc nmamnmze yge {rlfymfe cb uaier{rmfmad lai yc {rcoe yge relvcav oegmai my, ygmv vyui} fcn{lrev yge cbber {rmfe ldlmavy lfyul` vycfh nlrhey {erbcrnlafe cae ncayg lbyer `mvymad! _evu`yv maimflye ygly yge M[Cv lre uaier.{rmfei lv mv emieafei o} yge {cvmyme `mvymad il} reyurav lai fla”y cuy {erbcrn yge nlrhey ma yge vuove|ueay {ermci l`ncvy u{ yc 6; il}v!
Yge lerlde uaier{rmfmad cb Olad`lievgm M[Cv mv ??
Occh.oum`imad neygci tm`` oe lic{yei o} yge VEF! My tm`` oe uvei o} gmdger |ul`my} mvvuev lai tm`` reiufe uaferylmay} ma l`ulymca, lai tmyg reiufei uaier.{rmfmad cb mvvuev! M refcnneai yge mvvuer vgcu`i oe l``ctei yc l`ue yge mvvue uvmad yge BFB neygci vc ygly yge drctyg {rcv{efy cb yge bmrn mv acy mdacrei!
Gcteer, M fla acy oe bu``} en{glymf locuy n} bmaimad oefluve cb l vnl`` vln{`e vmze!
2
Vyui} fcerei
Bmrvy`}, gct nufg M[Cv lre Uaier{rmfei lai gct yge} [erbcrn ma Vgcry _ua ma
Olad`lievgm E|umy} Nlrhey!
Vefcai`}, Lv bre|ueay`} veea M[Cv lre acrnl``} Uaier{rmfei ma Olad`lievg, vgcu`i
te dc bcr {rmfmad ebbmfmeaf}, mb ]EV ygea gct blr vgcu`i VEF oe fcaferaei tmyg mayrciufmad aet neygciv cb {rmfmad
4
[ur{cve cb yge vyui} Olad`lievgm fl{myl` nlrhey mv jueam`e lai icev acy gle nla} fglrlfyermvymfv cb iee`c{ei nlrhey! Vc juvy re`}mad ca en{mrmfl` {erbcrnlafe cb nljcr fl{myl` nlrhey yc juide l rcudg evymnlymca vgcry yern reyura {lyyera cb Mamyml` [uomf Cbber mv mn{ruieay! Ygly”v tg} M yrmei yc reel` yge reyura {lyyera cb yge M[Cv cb Olad`lievgm fl{myl` nlrher! Yge {ur{cve cb yge vyui} mv olvmfl``} juide gct blr yge e|umymev gere ma Olad`lievg mv uaier{rmfei lai juide yge vgcry rua {erbcrnlafe cb yge vefurmymev! Yge {l{er eaielcrei yc bmai yge ieyernmalayv cb yge vgcry rua reyura!
_lymcal`e cb yge vyui} Yge enerdmad fl{myl` nlrhey cb Olad`lievg mv deyymad yge mafrelvei fcafeayrlymca la} ymne eer lai yge fl{myl`mzlymca glv oeea icuo`ei `lvy }elr tmyg l drctyg rlye cb <65!?7%! Ygly”v tg} lv cb `lye nlrhey re|umrev ncre ebbmfmeay redu`lycr} brlnetcrh lai fc c{erlymca yc nlmaylma myv vylom`my}! L{lry brcn ygecreymfl` drcuai ygmv `myerlyure tm`` l``ct yge relierv yc lvvevv yge vgcry yera reyura cb yge M[Cv! My”v {ruieay yc dc ygrcudg yge nlrhey ly l d`lafe oebcre maevymad ma la M[C!
Vfc{e cb yge vyui} Yge vyui} eafcn{lvvev yge M[Cv cb Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade brcn ?;;5 ‖ ?;;7 yeaure lai l`` 6? vln{`ev lre brcn e|umy}! Yge vyui} maf`uiev reyura vermev lal`}vmv lai nu`ym{`e redrevvmca lal`}vmv yc ieyernmae yge blfycr oegmai yge uaier{rmfmad!
@mnmylymca cb yge vyui} Juvy oemad fcavyrlmaei o} yge ymne M fla”y ylhe l `lrde vln{`e yc el`ulye yge M[Cv reyura! M duevv l 6 }elr {ermci mv acy lie|ulye yc fcnneay ygly yge nlrhey tm`` ltlri }cu `mhe ?;;% reyura! M vgcu`i gle lyyrmouye imbbereay cyger ncie`v lai vmdambmflafe yevy cb loacrnl` {rcbmy brcn yge nlrhey, ouy tmyg ygmv vln{`e yge revu`y tm`` acy oe ygly nufg re{reveaylyme! Yge vln{`e mv icnmalyei o} l omy gcy M[C yeaure lai vyrcad icnmalafe cb Olahmad lai Mavurlafe Vefycr! Yge vln{`e icev acy fcer yge vefycrv `mhe [glrnlfeuymfl`v, Yewym`ev, Bcci lai L``mei cr MY!
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Mayrciufymca Rl`ulymca glv veea l fcavylay ieolye oeyteea tgly vcneygmad mv tcryg ervuv tgly yge nlrhey ygmahv myv tcryg lai ervuv tgly l vyrlyedmf cr ncymlyei ou}er ygmahv myv tcryg! Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv 'M[Cv- {rcmie l vmdambmflay loacrnl` reyura ma yge mamyml` il}v cb yrlimad mv yge ncvy maevymdlyei lacnl`mev ma bmalafe! Ygmv lacnl`} glv oeea te`` icfuneayei ma l`ncvy l`` yge bmalafml` nlrheyv cb yge tcr`i 'Jeahmavca lai @juad|mvy '<==2--! Tgm`e l aunoer cb ygecrmev gle oeea {uy bcrtlri yc ew{`lma ygmv lacnl`}, yge lflienmfv lre uaimmiei ma ygemr fcaf`uvmcav ygly yge {reveafe cb loacrnl` reyurav vgctv emieafe cb ie`moerlye uaier{rmfmad!
M re{cryei uaier{rmfmad cb M[Cv lv o} cbbermad y}{e, o} uaiertrmyer re{uylymca, o} maiuvyr} y}{e, ma gcy lai fc`i nlrheyv! Rlrmcuv ieyernmalayv `mhe yge Mvvue Vmde, Lde cb yge Bmrn, V{cavcrv Vglre gc`imadv, Ycyl` lvvey, [rcbmylom`my} cb yge bmrn, nlrhey fcaimymca lai yge rmvh cb yge vefurmy} glv oeea yevyei yc mieaymb} yge ewyeay cb ie{eaieafe cb yge reyura!
Lncadvy cyger ieyernmalayv yge {rmfmad neygci bc``ctei ma yge M[C {rcfevv mv l`vc mn{crylay! [erbcrnlafe cb M[C ie{eaiv ca yge maevycrv ew{efylymca cb yge vycfh, tgmfg mv imbbmfu`y yc evymnlye {rc{er`}! Yge rcudg yge evymnlymca, yge maebbmfmeay {rmfe tm`` oe ieyernmaei! Ygly”v tg}, uaier{rmfmad mv veere ma yge fcuayr} `mhe Olad`lievg tgere vycfhv fcne yc yge nlrhey uvmad bmwei neygci 'ma {rlfymfl` vyrcad icnmalafe cb ALR neygci-! Yguv yge mvvuer mv re`}mad ca`} ca lffcuaymad ilyl tgere yge drctyg {rcv{efy cb yge bmrn lai nlrhey”v ew{efylymca cb yge vfrm{ mv veere`} mdacrei!
Ma ygmv {l{er M yevy yge ieyernmalayv cb M[C uaier{rmfmad lai el`ulyei yge vgcry yern reyura {lyyera cb yge M[Cv brcn yge {ermci cb ?;;5 lai ?;;7! L`` cb yge M[Cv ma yge vln{`e flne yc yge nlrhey tmyg l bmwei {rmfe cbbermad!
Yge Neygcic`cd} lic{yei bc``ctv ma [ly MMM lai en{mrmfl` revu`yv lre {reveayei ma vefymca MR lai revu`yv lre f`lrmbmei ma vefymca RM!
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En{mrmfl` Emieafe lai @myerlyure _emet Ma Olad`lievg ygere mv glri`} la} `myerlyure tcrhei ca vgcry rua M[C {erbcrnlafe mvvue! Aeer.yge.`evv bet vfgc`lrv, olvmfl``} lflienmfmlav gle tcrhei ca orcli gelimad cb M[C! Ygeve lncad cygerv maf`uiev. [rcb! Ir! Nlgncci Cvnla Mnln brcn Ie{lryneay cb Bmalafe, Uamervmy} cb Iglhl tcrhei ca /Rc`lym`my} ma yge Vycfh _eyura: Emieafe brcn Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade '?;;6-/ lai lacyger lrymf`e ymy`ei /Yge [rmfmad cb Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv: Ygecr} lai Emieafe '<==7-„! [rcb! Ncglnnli Vlim|u` Mv`ln lai Vmrljun Nuamrl brcn Ie{lryneay cb Bmalafe, Uamervmy} cb Iglhl glv tcrhei ca ‐M[C B`m{{mad lai myv Ieyernmalayv ma Olad`lievg '?;;9-„! Ma ygemr {l{er, yge} lyyen{yei yc ieyernmae yge iedree cb M[C b`m{{mad lai yc maevymdlye yge blfycrv ygly ew{`lma M[C b`m{{mad ma Olad`lievg! Olvei ca l vln{`e cb ca =2 M[Cv ma Olad`lievg iurmad yge {ermci oeyteea Jlaulr} <==9 lai Iefenoer ?;;<, yge} icfuneayei ygly yge lerlde M[C b`m{{mad glv oeea ?=!24 {erfeay ma yge bmrvy tee h, 49!?< {erfeay ma yge bmrvy ncayg lai <44!6 {erfeay ma yge bmrvy ygree ncaygv ma yge mamyml` lbyernlrhey! Yge} re{cryei ygly yge vmze cb yge mvvue glv vmdambmflay aedlyme mab`ueafe lai yge mavymyuymcal` {lrymfm{lymca ma yge mvvue glv vmdambmflay {cvmyme mab`ueafe ca M[C b`m{{mad! Ma liimymca, yge} l`vc bmai ygly b`m{{mad mv re`lyme`} `cter ma yge gcy mvvue nlrhey lai ygly b`m{{mad lrmev vmdambmflay`} ma imbbereay vefycrv! Lnmruv Vl`ly 'Uamervmy} cb Iglhl-, Ncglnnli Ncnmau` Gc|ue Ogum}la 'Lvmla Uamervmy} cb Olad`lievg-, Nuglnnli Zlgeiur _lgnla 'Elvyera Uamervmy}- gle tcrhei ca ‐[erbcrnlafe El`ulymca cb yge Fcn{lamev Lbyer Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv '?;;9-„! Yge} ewlnmaei yge c{erlymcal` {erbcrnlafe cb fcn{lamev lbyer M[C ma Olad`lievg olvei ca l vln{`e cb emdgy fcn{lamev ylhea brcn <=== yc ?;;; M[C$v cuy cb emdgyeea fcn{lamev iurmad ygly {ermci lai re{cryei ygly ‐ncvy cb yge fcn{lamev nlie c{ymnmvymf bcreflvy ma ygemr {rcv{efyuv iurmad yge M[C„! Yge} nlie la lyyen{y ly yen{y yc bmai ygly tgeyger yge} lre lo`e yc relfg ygemr ievmre ew{efylymcav! Yge} gle vyuimei yge {cvy M[C {erbcrnlafe cb yge fcn{lamev ma yge rev{efy cb {rcjefy mn{`eneaylymca, buai uym`mzlymca, M[C ew{eave, gc`imad cb Laaul` Deaerl` Neeymad, {eal`mzlymca mn{cvei o} Vefurmymev lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca, {l}neay cb immieai eyf! Yge
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vyui} vgctv ygly yge {erbcrnlafev cb ncvy cb yge fcn{lamev tere acy vlymvblfycr} lv {er loce frmyerml! Ir! Nuvl lai Ir! Nujmou` Gc|ue tcrhei ca / La ew{`lalymca cb M[C Uaier{rmfmad, Yevy cb Lv}nneyrmf Mabcrnlymca G}{cygevmv: Emieafe brcn IVE '?;;6-/!
Ouy d`col``} Vgcry rua uaier{rmfmad glv dcae ygrcudg ewyeavme coverlymca lai bcuai ygly redlri`evv cb yge neygci cb {rmfmad, M[Cv yeai yc }me`i vuovylayml` reyurav ma yge il}v 'lai vcneymnev teehv- mnneimlye`} bc``ctmad mvvue! [remcuv vyuimev gle vgcta ygly yge M[Cv cb fcnnca vycfh }me`i {cvmyme vgcry.rua rlt reyurav '_cfh, <=728 Jcd lai _mimad, <=748 Ymamf, <=77, Bmaa lai Gmdgln, <=778 _myyer, <==<8 Helve} lai Vgcry, <==?8 @emv, <==68 Huaz lai Lddlrtl`, <==98 @ee, Yl}`cr lai Tl`yer, <==2-!
Yge {cvmyme vgcry.rua reyurav icfuneayei ma yge `myerlyure lre mayer{reyei lv la emieafe cb uaier{rmfmad ma yge cbber {rmfe! Flryer lai Nlalvyer '<==;- iee`c{ la e|um`mormun ncie` ygly ew{`lmav yge re`lymcavgm{ oeyteea ygmv uaier{rmfmad lai yge {revymde cb yge uaiertrmyer tgc ormadv yge mvvue yc yge nlrhey! Lffcrimad yc ygemr ncie`, {revymdmcuv uaiertrmyerv 'ygcve tmyg gmdg re{uylymca- lre lvvcfmlyei tmyg `cter lncuayv cb M[C uaier{rmfmad! Vmafe yge elr`} <=4;v, veerl` vyuimev gle yevyei ygmv lrduneay o} uvmad imbbereay nelvurev cb uaiertrmyer re{uylymca 'NfIcal`i lai Bmvger, <=4?8 O`cfh lai Vyla`e}, <=7;8 Aeuoerder lai @lFgl{e``e, <=768 Oelyy} lai _myyer, <=728 Jcgavca lai Nm``er, <=778 Flryer lai Nlalvyer, <==;8 Occyg lai Fgul, <==28 Alail lai ]ua, <==48 Flryer, Ilrh lai Vmadg, <==7! Vmnm`lr yc revu`yv brcn iee`c{ei nlrheyv, veerl` vyuimev icfuneay {cvmyme loacrnl` mamyml` il} M[C reyurav ma enerdmad nlrheyv 'Iltvca, <=748 Lddlrtl`, @el` lai Geralaiez, <==68 @ee, Yl}`cr lai Tl`yer, <==2o-! Ca yge cyger glai, veerl` fglrlfyermvymfv cb enerdmad nlrheyv nmdgy fluve yge re`lymcavgm{ oeyteea uaiertrmyer re{uylymca lai M[C {erbcrnlafe ma ygeve nlrheyv yc oe imbbereay ygla yge re`lymcavgm{ coverei ma iee`c{ei nlrheyv 'Glre}, <==5-! My mv uvul``} lrduei ygly yge mabcrnlymca lv}nneyr} mv veere lai yge mabcrnlymcal` ebbmfmeaf} mv `ct ma enerdmad nlrheyv!
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L vunnlr} cb mamyml` reyurav ma nljcr nlrheyv: _myyer '<=74-, Te`fg '<=7=-, Moocyvca '<==9- lai _ljla lai Verlev '<==4- lncad cygerv {rcmie emieafe vuddevymad ygly yge ewmvyeafe cb lerlde mamyml` reyurav cb u{ yc <2% glv oeea l redu`lr belyure cb yge UV aet mv vue nlrhey! @ee '<==9-, Jlf|um``ly '<=72-, Hlaehc lai [eyytl} '<==9- lai @juad|mvy '<==4lncad cygerv {rcmie emieafe cb loacrnl` reyurav cb u{ yc <9% ma yge iee`c{ei nlrheyv cb yge tcr`i vufg lv Luvyrl`ml, Brlafe, Jl{la lai Dernla}! Bcr Ormymvg M[Cv, yge vyuimev cb Imnvca '<=4=-, Oufh`lai '<=7<-, yge Olah cb Ead`lai '<==;-, Jeahmavca lai Nl}er '<=77- lai @emv '<==6- maimflye lerlde bmrvy il} reyurav rladmad brcn 7!2% yc <4%! Fcuayr} v{efmbmf mamyml` reyura enerdei brcn En{mrmfl` tcrhv lv Orlzm` 47!5%, Bma`lai =!2%, Maiml 65!6%, Jl{la 6?!5%, Hcrel 47!<% lai uvul``} Vnl``er cbbermadv uaier{rmfei o} ncre ygla `lrder caev!
Ygecreymfl` drcuai La M[C fla oe l rmvh} maevyneay! Bcr yge maimmiul` maevycr, my mv ycudg yc {reimfy tgly yge vycfh cr vglrev tm`` ic ca myv mamyml` il} cb yrlimad lai ma yge aelr buyure vmafe ygere mv cbyea `myy`e gmvycrmfl` ilyl tmyg tgmfg yc lal`}ze yge fcn{la}! L`vc, ncvy M[Cv lre cb fcn{lamev dcmad ygrcudg l yrlavmycr} drctyg {ermci, lai yge} lre ygerebcre vuojefy yc liimymcal` uaferylmay} redlrimad ygemr buyure l`ue! Ygmv uaferylmay} vgcu`i {rcmie retlri yc rmvh ylher!
Fcaferamad yge deaerl` mvvue cb uaier{rmfmad, my l{{elrv ygly ygere mv l {`l}er ma elfg {lry} tgc mv mafeaymmzei yc uaier{rmfe! Yge maevyneay olah metv uaier{rmfmad lv l bcrn cb fcn{eavlymca! Yge mavmier, cr nlalder, glv {ervcal` tel`yg mafeaymev, lai yge cuyvmier, cr gmrei {lry} 'maevyneay olah- mv mafeaymmzei lv te``!
Oevmiev en{mrmfl` emieafev yge icnmalay ygecrmev ew{`lma uaier{rmfmad lre `mhe yge bc``ctmadv. .
My mv comcuv ygly vcne bmrnv ‐dcci„ lai vcne ‐oli„ ma yge efcacn}! Bmrnv flaacy reel` ygmv freimo`} vc {rmfe mv vlne bcr l`` bmrnv! Mabcrnei maevycrv fla ye`` ‐dcci„ bmrnv brcn ‐oli„ ouy uamabcrnei flaacy mieaymb} lai yguv Mabcrnei maevycrv ca`} ou} ‐dcci„ bmrnv! Y}{mfl``} l`` ou}erv cb ‐oli„ bmrnv lre uamabcrnei, ou}erv cb ‐dcci„ bmrnv lre nmwei 'rlymcamad-! Mb {rmfe mv blmr 'lerldei cer l`` bmrnv-, mabcrnei maevycrv gle {cvmyme reyurav, uamabcrnei gle aedlyme reyura! Vmafe uamabcrnei ou}erv hact ygmv, yge} ienlai l`` bmrnv yc oe uaier{rmfei yc fcn{eavlye ygen lv ew{`lmaei o} _cfh '<=72-! My mv yge blncuv tmaaer”v furve ncie`!
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Maevyneay olaherv cbyea uaier{rmfe M[Cv yc dey maevycrv tmyg {rmlye mabc yc yruygbu``} reel` l`ulymcav lv ew{`lmaei o} Oeaeamvye lai V{maiy '<=7=-
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Flvfliev G}{cygevmv vylyev ygly Maevycrv acrnl``} {l} lyyeaymca yc tcr`i lrcuai ygen! Mb ac cae e`ve tm``mad yc ou}, eea maevycr tmyg {cvmyme mabc nl} acy eayer ma yge nlrhey! Ygly”v tg} Olahv cbyea uaier{rmfe yc dey bmrvy bet maevycrv yc ou}, gc{e yc vylry l flvflie cr l vactol`` ebbefy! Uaier{rmfmad mv `mhe {l}mad yc lierymve lai oum`i l orlai alne gere, lv ew{`lmaei o} Te`fg '<==?-
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Olah glv ncac{vca} {cter, vu{ermcr hact`eide cb nlrhey fcaimymcav ygla bmrn lai Uaier{rmfmad mv yge ‐{rmfe„ bmrn {l}v yc olah! Lai uvul``} Olah uvev uaier{rmfmad yc retlri myv f`meayv lai oum`i re`lymcavgm{v! My Tcrhv oefluve cb rlymcamad lai F`meayv ncvy cbyea {urfglve cyger vermfev, {l} gmdg beev lv ew{`lmaei o} Olrca lai Gc`nvyrcn '<=7;-
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La}cae tgc vmdav {rcv{efyuv mv uvul``} `mlo`e lai Uaier{rmfmad mv cae tl} yc lcmi `ltvumyv! Gcteer, lv en{mrmfl``} bcuai . =6 M[Cv ygly tere vuove|ueay`} mac`ei ma `ltvumyv gli vmnm`lr mamyml` reyurav yc fcayrc` bmrnv ygly tere acy vuei lv vylyei o} Irlhe lai Reyvu}{eav '<==6-
<6
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Uaier{rmfei mvvuev `ele l dcci ylvye tmyg maevycrv, l``ctmad bmrn yc ve`` buyure cbbermadv ly gmdger {rmfe! Dcci bmrnv tm``mad yc uaier{rmfe oefluve yge} tm`` refcu{ uaier{rmfmad ma vuove|ueay cbbermadv, lv ew{`lmaei o} Te`fg '<=7=-
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Vcne fcuayrmev 'comcuv`} Olad`lievg- re|umre cbber {rmfev vey olvei ca occh l`uev! Occh l`uev ic acy ylhe mayc lffcuay drctyg c{{cryuamymev, ygerebcre M[Cv lre uaier{rmfei!
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Olahv ou} `cyv cb vglrev ma mnneimlye lbyer nlrhey yc {reeay {rmfe brcn bl``mad! Ygmv irmev mamyml` {rmfev u{, lv ew{`lmaei o} _uui '<==6-! Bmrnv mayeaymcal``} uaier{rmfe ma crier yc gle nla} vnl`` imv{ervei ctaerv! Ygmv ocyg mafrelvev `m|umimy} lai nlhev ylhecerv ncre imbbmfu`y! Ldlma Mb ygere mv vcne vedneaylymca oeyteea M[C nlrhey lai orcli nlrhey, ygla {urfglverv nl} aeei ewyrl {renmun bcr oelrmad rmvh ygea ygere ewmvyv nlrhey mafcn{`eyeaevv!
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Uaiertrmyer oelrv l`` rmvh bcr M[C vmafe ldreev yc ou} ly vcne {reieyernmaei {rmfe lai Uaiertrmyer uvul``} uaier{rmfev yc reiufe rmvh cb deyymad vyufh tmyg la uavuffevvbu` mvvue! Ygmv mn{`mev rmvhmer mvvuev gle ncvy uaier{rmfmad! Ygmv mv fcabmrnei o} veerl` vyuimev . _em``} lai Glybme`i '<=2=-, Vyc`` lai Fur`e} '<=4;-, NfIcal`i lai Bmvger '<=4?-, _em``} '<=46-, lai Oelr lai Fur`e} '<=45-!
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Eayre{reaeurv flre ncre locuy fglade ma ygemr tel`yg ygla `ee` cb tel`yg! Ma M[Cv, tel`yg `cvv brcn mamyml` uaier{rmfmad `evv ygla dlma ca reylmaei vglrev o} {remvvue vglregc`ierv! Ygcve M[Cv ygly `ele ncae} ca yge ylo`e lre vmnu`ylaecuv`} imvfcermad ygly yge} lre tel`ygmer ygla yge} ew{efyei oefluve yge vglrev dlmaei l`ue lv ew{`lmaei o} @cudgrla lai _myyer '?;;?-
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Ymamf '<=77- vuddevyv ygly M[C uaier{rmfmad verev lv l bcrn cb mavurlafe! Ge iencavyrlyev ygly drcvv uaier{rmfmad verev lv la ebbmfmeay bcrn cb {rcyefymca ldlmavy `edl` `mlom`mymev lai yge lvvcfmlyei ilnldev yc yge re{uylymcav cb ocyg yge maevyneay olaherv lai yge mvvuerv! Ma cyger tcriv, ygmv g}{cygevmv {cvmyv la mn{`mfmy fcayrlfy oeyteea mvvuerv, uaiertrmyerv lai maevycrv! Uaier ygmv mn{`mfmy fcayrlfy, yge maevycrv lre {rcmiei tmyg e wfevv reyurav lv la ‗mavurlafe
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{renmun” ma reyura bcr tgmfg yge} lre tm``mad yc cer`cch vnl`` errcrv 'e!d!, re`lyei yc yge imvf`cvure re|umreneayv cb yge vefurmymev redu`lymcav- tmygcuy ylhmad refcurve yc yge fcuryv! .
Lv acyei o} Lddlrtl`, Hrmdnla lai Tcnlfh ygly yc nmamnmze ygemr rmvh cb gc`imad ual``cflyei vglrev maevyneay olaherv aeei vubbmfmeay retlri! Lai comcuv`} fcn{eavlymca vgcu`i oe {rcmiei yc f`meayv tgc vu{{`} yge olah tmyg vuovylayml` ouvmaevv! _cfh '<=72- vuddevyv y gly M[C reyurav lre re|umrei o} uamabcrnei maevycrv lv fcn{eavlymca bcr yge rmvh cb yrlimad ldlmavy vu{ermcr mabcrnlymca!
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Lacyger blfycr tlv te`` acyei o} Glomo lai @juad|mvy ygly ‐Vcne M[Cv lre ncre uaier{rmfei ygla cygerv oefluve ygemr ctaerv gle `evv relvca yc flre locuy uaier{rmfmad!„ Ygmv miel ewlnmaev yge ewyeay yc tgmfg ‐mvvuerv flre locuy uaier{rmfmad!„ Yge} acye, ‐mvvuerv flre locuy uaier{rmfmad {rmnlrm`} yc yge ewyeay ygly yge} X{ervcal``}^ {lrymfm{lye ma yge cbbermad! Yge ncre vglrev yge} ve``, yge drelyer ygemr mafeayme yc iefrelve uaier{rmfmad!„
L fcn{la} ygly mv {`laamad la M[C l{{cmayv `eli nlalderv yc ge`{ my iefmie ca la l{{rc{rmlye {rmfe ly tgmfg yge vglrev vgcu`i oe mvvuei! Fcn{lamev fla oe b`clyei ma l lrmey} cb tl}v! Yge fgcmfe yeaiv yc oe mab`ueafei o} yge vmze cb yge fcn{la}, myv rmvhmaevv lai yge mavymyuymcal` lai redu`lycr} lrrladeneayv ma elfg {lrymfu`lr fcuayr} Ygere lre ytc tl}v ma tgmfg yge {rmfe cb la M[C fla oe ieyernmaei: emyger yge fcn{la}, tmyg yge ge`{ cb myv `eli nlalderv, bmwev l {rmfe cr yge {rmfe mv lrrmei ly ygrcudg yge {rcfevv cb occh oum`imad! Ma Bmwei [rmfe Neygci yge maevyneay olah ma fcavu`ylymca tmyg yge bmrn bmwev yge {rmfe ly tgmfg la maevycr fla vuovfrmoe yc! Ygmv {rmfe fcu`i oe ly {lr l`ue cr ly l {renmun loce yge {lr l`ue! Occh Oum`imad Neygci ca yge cyger glai bmwev l {rmfe olai mavyeli cb l bmwei {rmfe!
Yge `ctevy {rmfe ma yge {rmfe olai mv fl``ei lv ‗b`ccr {rmfe” lai yge gmdgevy {rmfe mv fl``ei lv ‗fl{ {rmfe”! La maevycr fla vuovfrmoe ly l {rmfe la}tgere ma yge {rmfe olai! La maevycr tgc tlayv yc vuovfrmoe ly la} {rmfe fla neaymca yge ‗fuy.cbb {rmfe”! Ygmv fuy.cbb {rmfe mv iefmiei cafe yge omi {ermci mv cer! Cafe yge mvvue mv f`cvei l occh
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tmyg ievfeaimad crier cb {rmfev mv {re{lrei! Fuy.cbb {rmfe mv yge {rmfe ly tgmfg yge eaymre mvvue deyv vuovfrmoei! Ygmv mv yge ncvy fcnnca`} fcnnca`} uvei neygci!
Ma occh oum`imad nefglamvn, iurmad yge {ermci bcr tgmfg yge occh bcr yge cbber mv c{ea, yge omiv lre fc``efyei brcn maevycrv ly lrmcuv {rmfev, tgmfg lre tmygma yge {rmfe olai v{efmbmei o} yge mvvuer! Yge {rcfevv mv imrefyei yctlriv ocyg yge mavymyuymcal` lv te`` lv yge reylm` maevycrv! Yge mvvue {rmfe mv ieyernmaei lbyer yge omi f`cvure olvei ca yge ienlai deaerlyei ma yge {rcfevv! Occhoum`imad glv oeea tmie`} lic{yei ma mayeralymcal` nlrheyv vmafe yge elr`} Amaeymev, Emieafei o} @juad|mvy, Jeahmavca, lai Tm`ge`n '?;;6- lai Vgernla '?;;<- bcr l imvfuvvmca cb d`col` yreaiv ma M[C ve``mad neygciv!
Occhoum`imad v! Bmwei [rmfe:
Bmwei {rmfe cbbermadv lre {rmfei tmygcuy bmrvy vc`mfmymad maevycr ienlai, tmyg {rmfe imvfcer} ylhmad {`lfe nlma`} ma yge lbyernlrhey! Ma fcayrlvy, occhoum`imad mac`ev rcli vgctv lai cae.yc.cae neeymadv tmyg {cyeayml` maevycrv ygly l``ct yge uaiertrmyer yc ‗imvfcer” maevycr l`ulymcav {rmcr yc veyymad yge cbber {rmfe!
Ocyg neygciv re|umre ygly ncae} oe `eby ca yge ylo`e bcr maevycrv ma yge bcrn cb uaier{rmfmad! Uaier{rmfmad mv aeeiei ma bmwei {rmfe cbbermadv ma crier yc fcn{eavlye yge uamabcrnei reylm` maevycrv bcr yge tmaaer”v furve yge} blfe lv mabcrnei maevycrv frcti ygen cuy cb dcci iel`v '_cfh, <=72-! Tgm`e yge tmaaer”v furve mv acy l fcafera ma occhoum`imad .. oefluve yge uaiertrmyer vc`mfmyv maevycr mabcrnlymca {rmcr yc {rmfmad .. l imvfcuay mv vym`` re|umrei yc retlri maevycrv bcr vurreaiermad mabcrnlymca 'Oeaeamvye lai V{maiy, <=7=-!Veerl` {l{erv gle fcn{lrei ma ygecreymfl` veyymadv yge uaier{rmfmad re|umrei uaier yge ytc neygciv, lai yge fcaveavuv bmaimad glv oeea ygly occhoum`imad re|umrev ca lerlde l `cter imvfcuay 'e!d!, Oeaeamvye lai Tm`ge`n, <==;, V{lyy lai Vrmlvyll, <==<, Oeaeamvye lai Ouvlol, <==4, lai Omlmv lai Bluderca.Frcuzey, ?;;<-!
Maevycrv tgc {cvvevv mabcrnlymca locuy yge l`ue cb la M[C fla {lrymfm{lye ma yge cbbermad lv te`` lv yrlie vyrlyedmfl``} ma yge lbyernlrhey! Ocyg yge occhoum`imad lai yge bmwei {rmfe M[C ve``mad neygciv re|umre ncre uaier{rmfmad tgea lbyernlrhey <2
yrlimad o} mabcrnei maevycrv mv fcavmierei! Occhoum`imad oefcnev ev{efml``} fcvy`}, vmafe yge {cyeayml` bcr {rcbmy ma yge lbyernlrhey lierve`} lbbefyv maevycrv” omiimad oeglmcr ma yge {renlrhey! Ua`evv yge uaiertrmyer oum`imad l occh fla ylrdey l vnl`` eacudg vuovey cb yge mabcrnei maevycrv, l bmwei {rmfe vyrlyed} ygly l``cflyev yge mvvue yc reylm` maevycrv {rciufev gmdger {rcfeeiv ca lerlde, fcayrlr} yc yge fcaeaymcal` tmvicn ma yge `myerlyure!
Yge ca`} tl} la maevycr oeaebmyv brcn {cvvevvmad mabcrnlymca mv ygrcudg refemmad l``cflymcav cb vglrev ma M[Cv! [uy imbbereay`}, la mabcrnei maevycr tgc icev acy {lrymfm{lye ly yge M[C vylde flaacy nlhe ncae} o} yrlimad ma yge lbyernlrhey! Ygmv lvvun{ymca, gcteer, mv ma vglr{ fcayrlvy yc yge buailneayl` {renmve uaier`}mad yge nlrhey nmfrcvyrufyure `myerlyure, tgmfg bcfuvev ca yge yrlimad oeglmcr cb, lai yge {rcbmy nlie o}, mabcrnei maevycrv! My l`vc {rcgmomyv yge fcavmierlymca cb yge M[C {rcfevv lv l vuo dlne tmygma l orclier fcayewy ma tgmfg mabcrnei maevycrv fla fgccve yc {lrymfm{lye ma yge {renlrhey cb la M[C, tlmy uaym` yge lbyernlrhey lai ygea yrlie ca ygemr mabcrnlymca, cr ic ocyg!
Yge malom`my} cb mabcrnei maevycrv yc deaerlye {rcbmyv ma yge lbyernlrhey mv cb {lrlncuay mn{crylafe ma yge ievmda cb yge {rmfe#l``cflymca ru`e ma yge ewmvymad occhoum`imad ncie`v! Ma ygeve ncie`v, yge maevyneay olaher, ca oegl`b cb yge mvvumad bmrn, lyyen{yv yc dlyger maevycr beeiolfh {rmcr yc veyymad la cbber {rmfe! Yc maiufe maevycrv yc yruygbu``} reel` mayerevy, yge olaher ievmdav l {rmfe#l``cflymca ru`e ygly, ca yge cae glai, nmamnmzev yge oeaebmyv brcn icta{`l}mad mayerevy lai, ca yge cyger, retlriv maevycrv bcr yruygbu``} reel`mad vyrcad ienlai!
Yge ygrely yc fuy yge l``cflymca yc maevycrv tgc reel` telh mayerevy mv yge ‐vymfh„ tmyg tgmfg yge olaher ‐{uamvgev„ fgelymad maevycrv, lai yge l``cflymca cb uaier{rmfei vglrev mv yge ‐flrrcy„ cbberei yc yruyg ye``erv! Yge ‐vymfh„ nmdgy acy oe lv ygrelyeamad, gcteer, mb maevycrv tgc ic acy refeme la l``cflymca ma yge M[C fla vym`` {rcbmy brcn ygemr gmiiea 'nmvre{reveayei- mabcrnlymca ygrcudg yrlimad ma yge lbyernlrhey! Ma blfy, yge lom`my} yc yrlie ma yge lbyernlrhey frelyev buryger mafeayme bcr maevycrv yc nmvre{reveay mayerevy iurmad yge {renlrhey, oefluve yge} fla fluve nmv{rmfmad cb yge M[C lai ygea yrlie ma yge lbyernlrhey yc ew{`cmy yge nmv{rmfmad! Yc cuytemdg ygmv liimymcal` oeaebmy lai maiufe yruygye``mad iurmad occhoum`imad, yge <4
‐flrrcy„ glv yc oe `lrder, ygerebcre! Ma cyger tcriv, occhoum`imad tcu`i oe ncre fcvy`} ygla {remcuv`} ygcudgy mb lbyernlrhey yrlimad tere fcavmierei!
Bmwei {rmfe cbbermadv l`vc tcu`i oe ncre fcvy`} ma ygmv brlnetcrh! Eea mb mabcrnei maevycrv fla oe fcn{`eye`} ewf`uiei brcn M[Cv .. l vmyulymca ygly tcu`i `eli yc zerc uaier{rmfmad ma _cfh”v '<=72- brlnetcrh .. ygeve maevycrv fla vym`` yrlie vyrlyedmfl``} ma yge lbyernlrhey, {rcbmymad ly yge ew{eave cb yge uamabcrnei maevycrv tgc lre l``cflyei yge M[C vglrev lai tgc nl} gle yc yrlie ma yge lbyernlrhey bcr `m|umimy} cr cyger relvcav! Veerl` lrduneayv ygly bmal`mze yge ieolye maf`uiev.
Bmwei {rmfe cbbermadv re|umre l `cter imvfcuay ygla ygly aeeiei uaier yge occhoum`imad neygci lv ncie`ei ma yge `myerlyure! Nmvre{reveaymad mabcrnlymca iurmad occhoum`imad lai ygea yrlimad ma yge lbyernlrhey deaerlyev l gmdger {rcbmy ca lerlde bcr yge mabcrnei maevycrv ygla lbyernlrhey yrlimad ma bmwei.{rmfe cbbermadv! Ygmv mv oefluve ma yge bmrvy mavylafe, mabcrnei maevycrv fla fluve lai ygea oeaebmy brcn yge gmdgevy {cvvmo`e nmv{rmfmad, re|umrmad yge uaiertrmyer oum`imad l occh yc {l} 'ygrcudg uaier{rmfmad- bcr yge bu`` l`ue cb maevycr mabcrnlymca! Ma bmwei {rmfe cbbermadv, yge uaiertrmyer veyv yge cbber {rmfe o} mayedrlymad cer {cvvmo`e maevycr mabcrnlymca, lai la} nmv{rmfmad ygly renlmav mv iue yc yge ‗loveafe” rlyger ygla yge nmvre{reveaylymca cb mabcrnlymca! My mv ygerebcre fgel{er bcr yge bmrn yc ve`` myv cbbermad ygrcudg yge bmwei {rmfe neygci!
Ygere mv l vyrlyed} ygly nlhev {rmfe imvfcer} ma yge {renlrhey fgel{er! Mb maevycr {mefev cb mabcrnlymca lre vubbmfmeay`} fcrre`lyei, yge olaher oum`imad l occh fla ylrdey l vuovey cb yge mabcrnei maevycrv ygly mv juvy eacudg yc ou} yge tgc`e mvvue! Yge ylrdeyei maevycrv fla oe maiufei yc vurreaier ygemr mabcrnlymca ygrcudg yge {rcnmve cb `lrder l``cflymcav cb v`mdgy`} uaier{rmfei vglrev, lv yge l`yeralyme bcr ygeve maevycrv mb yge} tmyggc`i mabcrnlymca mv yc fcn{eye ma yge lbyernlrhey tmyg yge revy cb yge mabcrnei {uo`mf! Mb yge rlymc cb yge ylrdeyei maevycrv yc yge eaymre mabcrnei {uo`mf mv vnl`` eacudg, uaier{rmfmad uaier occhoum`imad fcu`i irc{ oe`ct ygly re|umrei uaier bmwei {rmfe
<7
Lai `lvy, yge VEF vgcu`i remet yge ebbmfmeaf} cb yge occhoum`imad nefglamvn!
Oeaeamvye
lai
Tm`ge`n
'<==;-
vgct
ygly
vuffevvbu`
occhoum`imad re|umrev ygly yge uaiertrmyer gle imvfreymca cer vglre l``cflymcav! V{efmbmfl``}, yge olaher glv yc oe lo`e yc imvfrmnmalye lncad maevycrv {lrymfm{lymad ma yge {renlrhey ca yge olvmv cb yge maimflymcav yge} dme! Tmygcuy vufg imvfreymca, yge olaher flaacy vc`mfmy re`mlo`e maimflymcav lai occhoum`imad `cvev myv lilaylde eea re`lyme yc l bmwei.{rmfe vyrlyed} ygly vubberv brcn yge tmaaer”v furve `mhe ma _cfh '<=72-! Yge icnmalafe cb occhoum`imad fla ca`} oe evylo`mvgei mb yge olaher glv yge liiei imvfreymca yc `mnmy yge {lrymfm{lymca ma yge {renlrhey yc l ve`efy drcu{ brcn yge mabcrnei maevycrv ly `lrde!
Tg} [rmfe _mvev ma yge Vefcailr} Nlrhey3
Yge {rmfe mafrelvev ma yge vefcailr} nlrhey oefluve cb ctaervgm{ fcavyrlmayv ma yge {rmnlr} nlrhey lai geyercdeaecuv mabcrnlymca yc l`` maevycrv locuy yge vycfh! Yc m``uvyrlye yge re`lymca oeyteea yge ctaervgm{.fcavyrlmaei cbber {rmfe lai yge e|um`mormun vefcailr} nlrhey {rmfe fcavmier l vmn{`e ewln{`e cb l bmrn veehmad yc dc {uo`mf lai ve`` ytc vglrev '{uo`mf b`cly-! Olvei ca yge mabcrnlymca locuy l`ue {rcmiei, ytc maevycrv L lai O l`ue yge vglrev lv R L lai RO! Yge re`lymcav oeyteea cbber {rmfe 'C[- lai yge e|um`mormun vefcailr} nlrhey {rmfe 'N[-, lai yguv mamyml` uaier{rmfmad cr mamyml` reyurav 'M_- tm`` ie{eai ca veerl` fcaimymcav:
'<-
Mb RL > R O, ygea C[>N[, M_>;8
'?-
Mb RL10 RO, lai ygere mv l tel`yg fcavyrlmay 'm!e! elfg maevycr fla ca`} lbbcri cae vglre- ly yge mamyml` cbbermad lai ma yge vefcailr} nlrhey, ygea C[>N[, M_>;8
'6-
Mb R L10RO , ygere mv ac tel`yg fcavyrlmay, lai yge ctaervgm{ revyrmfymcav lre acy omaimad ly yge cbbermad 'm!e! yge maevycr tgc l`uev yge mvvue yge ncvy mv l``ctei yc {urfglve ocyg vglrev ly yge cbbermad-, ygea C[>N[, M_>;8
<=
'9-
Mb R L10RO, ygere mv ac tel`yg fcavyrlmay, lai ctaervgm{ revyrmfymcav lre omaimad ly yge cbbermad ouy lre re`lwei ma yge vefcailr} nlrhey, ygea C[0N[ lai M_1;!
Ma yge bmrvy flve, ygere mv ac imerdeafe cb c{mamca lncad yge maevycrv8 yge mvvue tm`` acy oe uaier{rmfei! Ocyg yge maevycr l`uev yge vglre ly yge vlne {rmfe! Ma flve '?-, oefluve cb yge tel`yg fcavyrlmay ma ocyg yge mamyml` cbbermad lai yge vefcailr} nlrhey, elfg maevycr fla ca`} lbbcri lbbcri cae vglre! Ygere mv imerdeafe cb c{mamca, c{mamca, bcr ewln{`e RL 1 R O! Yge cbber {rmfe tm`` oe vey ly R
O
yc f`elr yge nlrhey! Elfg maevycr tm`` oe
l``cflyei cae vglre! Yge maevycr tgc l`uev yge vglre gmdger 'maevycr L- flaacy irme u{ yge {rmfe ma yge vefcailr} nlrhey oefluve cb yge tel`yg fcavyrlmay! Ygerebcre, C[>N[ lai M_>;! M_>;! Ma flve '6-, tel`yg fcavyrlmay mv acy omaimad lai elfg maevycr 'L cr O- fla fla lbbcri yc ou} ocyg ocyg vglrev! @ey vl} R L 1 R O! Yge cbber {rmfe tm`` oe vey ly R L, tgmfg mv yge nlrhey f`elrmad {rmfe! {rmfe! Yge maevycr tgc tgc l`uev yge vglrev yge ncvy 'maevycr LL- tm`` {urfglve ocyg vglrev! Ygerebcre, C[>N[ lai M_>;!
Yge ncre mayerevymad flve mv flve '9-! Gere yge tel`yg fcavyrlmay mv acy omaimad, ouy ygere mv la ctaervgm{ revyrmfymca revyrmfymca ly yge cbbermad lai ygly revu`yv ma rlymcamad!
Ldlma
lvvune RL 1 R O! Maevycr L mv tm``mad yc ou} ocyg vglrev ly RL, ouy ge mv rlymcaei yc ou} ca`} cae cae oefluve cb ctaervgm{ revyrmfymca! Yc vlymvb} yge ctaervgm{ revyrmfymca, m!e! yc ve`` vglrev yc ocyg maevycrv L lai O, cbber {rmfe glv yc oe vey ly R 'yc eaymfe maevycr O yc {lrymfm{lye ma yge cbbermad-! Ly R
O
O
cr oe`ct
cr `cter, ocyg maevycr L
lai O tcu`i `mhe yc ou} ? vglrev! vglrev! Oefluve yge} lre rlymcaei yc ca`} cae vglre elfg, yge} 'ev{efml``} maevycr L- tm`` yr} yc omi u{ yge {rmfe ma yge vefcailr} nlrhey tgea yge ctaervgm{ revyrmfymca mv re`lwei, yguv revu`ymad ma mamyml` uaier{rmfmad 'C[0N[ lai M_1;-!
Maevycrv L lai O gle imbbereay evymnlyev cb l`ue oefluve yge} gle geyercdeaecuv c{mamcav! Yge {rmfe cb yge M[Cv tm`` eeayul``} mafrelve ma yge mamyml` yrlimad il}! Ygly”v tg} ygere ewmvy uaier{rmfmad! Ygmv nelav ygly mamyml` uaier{rmfmad mv uamayeaymcal` lai mv l alyurl` o}.{rciufy cb imerdeafe cb c{mamca lai ctaervgm{ imv{ervmca fcavyrlmay!
?;
Ldlma, te hact yge vflrfmy} cb fl{myl` mv l fcnnca belyure cb enerdmad nlrheyv! Yge rl{mi maiuvyrml`mzlymca ma yge fcuayr} re|umrei fl{myl`! Lv ygere lre ac lyyrlfyme maevyneay c{{cryuamymev cyger ygla bmwei elramad brcn yge olah cr maevyneay ma vglre, yge icnevymf mavymyuymcav lai gcuvegc`iv fla ca`} emyger ie{cvmy ygemr ncae} ma olahv cr maevy ma vglrev! Yge `ct mayerevy rlyev cbberei ie{cvmycrv iermei l gmdg ienlai bcr e|umy} maevyneayv! Yge M[C {rmfmad {geacneaca mv bcrnu`lyei lv yge bc``ctmad fglry!
[
O
B
[B
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[E
C
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Yge ienlai fure cb maevycrv mv OE lai yge vu{{`} fure cb mvvuerv mv CI! Ma l fcn{eymyme {rmnlr} nlrhey, yge e|um`mormun cb ienlai lai vu{{`}, {cmay E, {rmfev yge M[C vglrev ly E [ tmyg mvvumad E \ lncuay cb vglrev! Yge ienlaiv cb maevycrv lre lfyul``} ie{revvei ly ygmv vylde, oefluve cb yge lv}nneyrmf mabcrnlymca locuy yge mayrmavmf l`uev cb M[C bmrnv! Yge {rcfevv cb {uo`mf cbbermadv imvvenmalyev mabcrnlymca! Lbyer `elramad ncre locuy yge |ul`my} cb M[C bmrnv, yge ienlai cb vglrev mafrelvev lai yge ienlai fure vgmbyv brcn OE yc DG ca yge bmrvy il} cb yrlimad! Vmafe yge |ulaymy} cb M[C vglrev flaacy oe fgladei mnneimlye`}8 ygere mv l yen{crlr} rmdmimy} cb vu{{`mev! Yge vu{{`} fure mv CEB! Ca yge bmrvy il} cb {uo`mf yrlimad, yge vglre {rmfe ygerebcre mafrelvev brcn E [ yc B [! Iue yc yge mabcrnlymca lv}nneyr} oeyteea yge mvvuer lai maevycr, yge maevycr ienlaiv vcne ewyrl retlri! Ygmv M[C maevyneay rmvh mv coverei tcr`itmie, lai nl} l`vc maiufe {lry cb yge uaier{rmfmad ma Olad`lievg!
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Yge Nlrhey Yge fl{myl` nlrhey ma Olad`lievg glv l re`lyme`} refeay oedmaamad! My mv drliul``} ec`mad lv la efcacnmf mavymyuymca ma rev{cave yc yge mayeral` re|umreneayv cb l b`eid`mad nciera efcacn}, tgmfg glv enerdei lv l revu`y cb efcacnmf iee`c{neay lai maiuvyrml`mzlymca ebbcryv! Olad`lievg mv vym`` l {reicnmalay`} ldrmfu`yurl` efcacn}! Gcteer, yge maiuvyrml`mzlymca {rcfevv cer yge `lvy ygree iefliev vmafe maie{eaieafe glv imervmbmei yge efcacnmf olve cb yge fcuayr} ly `elvy yc vcne iedree! Ma v{mye cb vcne iedree cb maiuvyrml`mzlymca lai ma v{mye cb yge blfy ygly yge e|umy} nlrhey glv ewmvyei vmafe <=59, my vym`` imv{`l}v belyurev cb la enerdmad e|umy} nlrhey bcr veerl` relvcav! , nlrhey fl{myl`mzlymca mv vym`` l er} vnl`` {rc{crymca cb yge fcuayr}”v DI[! Bmrvy ,
Vefcai,, maevyneay ma vycfhv lai vglregc`ier {lrymfm{lymca mv `mnmyei yc l vnl`` Vefcai {rc{crymca cb yge {c{u`lymca! Ygmri,, Ygmri
icnevymf
revcurfe
ncom`mzlymca
bcr
maiuvyrml`mzlymca
lai
efcacnmf
iee`c{neay mv vym`` icae {rmnlrm`} ygrcudg yge redu`lr olahmad v}vyen! Lai Bmal``},, tmyg mafrelvei `moerl`mzlymca lai c{eaaevv cb yge efcacn} vmafe yge <==;$v, Bmal``} yge e|umy} nlrhey ma ygmv fcuayr} glv ew{ermeafei vcne drctyg {lry`} iue yc mafrelvei bcremda {lrymfm{lymca!
Ytc vycfh nlrheyv ma Olad`lievg, cae mv alnei Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade ' IVE- ma Iglhl lai lacyger cae cae mv fl``ei Fgmyyldcad Vycfh Ewfglade ' FVE- ma Fgmyyldcad fcn{rmve cb yge fl{myl` nlrhey cb Olad`lievg! L feayrl` redu`lycr} ldeaf} tgmfg mv yge Vefurmymev lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca 'VEF- cerveemad yge lfymmymev cb yge eaymre fl{myl` nlrhey maf`uimad mvvue cb fl{myl`, ncamycrmad yge mvvue cb vycfhv, lai c{erlymca cb yge vycfh nlrheyv! Yge aunoer cb `mvyei fcn{lamev ma IVE lre 96? cb tgmfg lre vglrev,7 ieoeayurev,< fcr{crlye ocai lai <; nuyul` buaiv! Yge `mvyei fcn{lamev ma FVE lre ?9? tmyg vglrev, <2 nuyul` buaiv lai < ieoeayurev!
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IVE ma `lvy 9 ]elrv [lrymfu`lrv
B];5
Ac! cb `mvyei vefurmymev* Mvvuei e|umy} lai ieo* 'ma om``mcaAet e|umy} ygrcudg {rmlye {`lfeneay " M[Cv 'ma om``mcaNlrhey fl{myl`mzlymca 'ma om``mcaYuracer ma l`ue 'ma om``mcaYuracer ma c`une 'ac! ma om``mcaL``.vglre {rmfe Maiew Vcurfe : Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade! * Maf`uimad fcn{lamev, nuyul` buaiv, ieoeayurev lai Dceraneay Yrelvur} Ocaiv!
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Iurmad yge {ermci cb ?;;5 lai ?;;4 ycyl` aunoer cb yrlilo`e vefurmymev mafrelvei o} <
My mv yc oe acyei gere ygly v{efml` mafeaymev lre {rcmiei yc eafcurlde acarevmieay Olad`lievgmv yc maevy ma yge fl{myl` nlrhey! Yge acarevmieay Olad`lievgmv tere yc eajc} blfm`mymev vmnm`lr yc ygcve cb yge bcremda maevycrv! Ncrecer, yge} fla ou} aet`} mvvuei vglrev#ieoeayurev cb Olad`lievgm fcn{lamev lai fla nlmaylma bcremda furreaf} ie{cvmyv 'vy}`ei lv ABFI< lffcuay- ma v{efml` lffcuayv bcr u{ yc bme }elrv! L |ucyl cb <;% reverei bcr acarevmieay Olad`lievgmv ma {rmnlr} vglrev 'M[C- glv l`vc oeea mamymlyei!
_efeay Iee`c{neayv ma IVE:
Yte`e fcn{lamev rlmvei aet e|umy} cb Ylhl 4!9 om``mca ma yge {rmnlr} nlrhey ma B];7, gmdger ygla yge Ylhl 6!< om``mca rlmvei o} yge vlne aunoer cb fcn{lamev ma B];4! Cb yge aet e|umy} mvvuei, Ylhl
?6
Nlrhey fcaimymca juideneay 65;;!;; 6;;;!;; ?5;;!;; w e ?;;;!;; i a <5;;!;; M <;;;!;; 5;;!;; ;!;;
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Ilye
Ma yge vln{`e {ermci yge nlrhey gli l nmwei {erbcrnlafe! Yge ncmad lerlde vgctv ygly yge maiew tlv iefrelvmad u{ yc Ju`} ?;;2 lai ygea reocuaiei! Brcn Ju`} ?;;2 yc Iefenoer ?;;7 yge nlrhey tlv gcy! M[Cv ly ygly {ermci gli drelyer reyura! Yge c`une cb {uo`mf cbbermadv ma B];7 tlv {reimfylo`} cervuovfrmoei ncre ygla bcur ymnev maimflymad yge gmdg ienlai cb aet vefurmymev ma yge {rmnlr} nlrhey! Ocauv vglrev l`uei ly Ylhl =!? om``mca tere mvvuei ma B];7 o} veeay}.cae fcn{lamev ldlmavy reylmaei {rcbmyv, gmdger ygla yge Ylhl 2!7 om``mca mvvuei ma B];4 o} bmby} fcn{lamev!
Ew{ermneay Ilyl Rlrmlo`ev ca tgmfg yge ebbefymeaevv cb bmwei neygci fla oe ieyernmaei tm`` oe ieyernmaei tmyg uvmad ytc lrmlo`ev lv . Bmrvy.il} reyurav lai yge bmal` cbbermad {rmfe rlade bcr M[Cv!
L! Rlrmlo`ev
Yge bmrvy.il} reyura mv l {erfeaylde fglade ma yge {rmfe cb l vglre ly yge eai cb myv bmrvy yrlimad il} brcn yge cbbermad {rmfe! Maevycrv ew{ermeafe {cvmyme bmrvy.il} reyurav tgea yge} ve`` ygemr vglrev yc cyger maevycrv ly l gmdger {rmfe ygla tgly yge} {lmi yge mvvuer iurmad yge M[C! O} mn{`}mad ygly ygere lre cyger maevycrv ma yge nlrhey tgc lre tm``mad yc {l} l gmdger {rmfe bcr yge aet vglrev, {cvmyme bmrvy il} reyurav vyrcad`} vuddevy ygly la mvvuer”v vglrev tere uaier.{rmfei, lai ygly yge mvvuer blm`ei yc nlwmnmze drcvv {rcfeeiv refemei brcn yge M[C! Ca yge cyger glai, aedlyme bmrvy il} reyurav nl} oe coverei mb yge M[C lyyrlfyei beter maevycrv ygla ew{efyei! Bmal``}, ?9
{cvmyme cr aedlyme bmrvy.il} reyurav l`vc imrefy`} nelvure yge b`ufyulymcav ma yge mvvuer”v vglre {rmfe mnneimlye`} lbyer yge M[C!
Cbbermad {rmfev tere coylmaei brcn M[C {rcv{efyuvev bm`ei o} yge mvv uer tmyg yge VEF! Bmrvy.il} f`cvmad {rmfev tere coylmaei brcn yge IVE ilylolve! Oebcre maevyneay olahv {rcncye la M[C, yge} fl`fu`lye la mamyml` {rmfe bcr yge mvvuer”v vglrev lbyer lal`}zmad yge mvvuer”v ouvmaevv {rcv{efyv lai bmalafml` {cvmymca!
O! Ilyl
Yge vln{`e M lal`}ze mv vcne tgly alrrct yc flrr} cuy la ew{`lalymca locuy yge Vgcry rua {erbcrnlafe cb yge M[Cv! M dlyger l vln{`e cb M[Cv orcudgy yc yge Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade oeyteea ?;;5 lai ?;;7!Tgm`e tcrhmad ly VEF M dc ygrcudg imbbereay M[C bm`ev, tgmfg dme ilyl ca yge ewyeay cb cer.vuovfrm{ymca cb mvvuev! Brcn {rcv{efyuv M dcy vcne mabcrnlymca ca mvvuer.v{efmbmf fglrlfyermvymfv {rmcr yc yge M[C ilye! Bmrn ilyl maf`uiev occh l`ue cb lvvey, {rcbmy, lde cb yge bmrn! Mvvue ilyl maf`uie yge cbber ilyl, aunoer cb vglre mvvuei, lncuay rlmvei, cbber {rmfe, bmrvy lbyernlrhey {rmfe lai cyger cbbermad ieylm`! Yc evymnlye uaier.{rmfmad, te aeei mabcrnlymca ca yge vycfh {rmfev cb mvvuev ca ygemr c{eamad il} cb yrlimad! Ygeve {rmfe ilyl lre coylmaei brcn yge refcriv cb yge vycfh ewfglade! yge vln{`e mv icnmalyei o} l omy gcy M[C yeaure lai vyrcad icnmalafe cb Olahmad lai Mavurlafe Vefycr! Cb yge 6? M[Cv, l`` cb yge bmrn uvei yge bmwei {rmfmad lai l`` ouy Olrder [lmayv uvei Occh l`ue cr Aey lvvey l`ue {er vglre! Olrder [lmayv 'OI- @yi uvei Immieai Imvfcuay Ncie` 'IIN- ma lvvey l`ulymca! Vefycr _e{reveaylymca ma M[Cv
6?% 2% 2% 6%
Olah Mavurlafe Eadmaeermad Bue` " [cter Nmvfe``laecuv
56%
6? M[Cv ma yge vln{`e mv olvmfl``} icnmalyei o} yge Olahmad lai Mavurlafe vefycr! Ca`} veea M[Cv tere brcn eadmaeermad, bue` lai {cter lai Nmvfe``laecuv!
?5
Ew{ermneay Neygcic`cd}
Yc blfm`mylye fcn{lrmvca ca en{mrmfl` M[C uaier{erbcrnlafe ygrcudgcuy yge d`coe M fl`fu`lyei yge reyura uvmad yge neygcic`cd} uvei o} Lddlrtl`, @el` lai Geralaiez '<==6-! Bcr vmn{`mfmy}, M ievfrmoe iev frmoe yge neygcic`cd} oe`ct!
Yge ycyl` reyura bcr vycfh ‗m” ly yge eai cb yge bm rvy yrlimad il} mv fl`fu`lyei lv: _m< > '[m< # [m;- ∟ < Tgere, [m< mv yge {rmfe vycfh ‗m” ly yge f`cve cb yge bmrvy yrlimad il}, [m ; mv yge cbber {rmfe lai _m< mv yge ycyl` bmrvy.il} reyura ca l vycfh!
Yge reyura ca yge nlrhey maiew 'IVE Deaerl` Maiew- iurmad yge vlne ymne {ermci mv: _n< > 'Mn< # Mn;- ∟ <
Tgere Mn< mv yge IVE Deaerl` Maiew l`ue ly yge eai cb bmrvy yrlimad il} lai M n; mv yge maiew l`ue ca yge cbber il} cb yge fcrrev{caimad vycfh, tgm`e _ n< mv yge bmrvy il}”v nlrhey reyura!
Uvmad ygeve ytc reyurav, yge Nlrhey Lijuvyei Loacrnl` _eyura 'NLL_- bcr elfg M[C ca yge bmrvy il} cb yrlimad mv fcn{uyei lv:
NLL_m< > <;; Ô xX' < ( _ m< - # ' < ( _ n< -^ ∟ <~
Yguv yge l`ue cb NLL_ m?, NLL_m6,••NLL_my bcr M[C ‗?,6,•••A” ca yge ?ai,6ri,•!yyg il} cb yrlimad fla oe fcn{uyei ma yge vmnm`lr tl}!
Ygmv nelvure cb yge loacrnl` reyurav icev acy ylhe mayc lffcuay yge v}vyenlymf rmvh lvvcfmlyei tmyg elfg mvvue! Tgea NLL_m< mv mayer{reyei lv la loacrnl` reyura, yge lvvun{ymca mv ygly yge v}vyenlymf rmvh cb yge M[Cv uaier fcavmierlymca mv yge vlne lv ygly cb yge maiew!
M gle uvei yge IVE Deaerl` Maiew lv l nlrhey {rcw} rlyger ygla IVM cr IVE.?; bcr l l`mi relvca ygly yge uve cb IVM cr IVE.?; tm`` `eli yc nmv`elimad lvvevvneayv cb
?2
loacrnl` {erbcrnlafe tgea yge fcn{cvmymca cb yge vln{`e cb fcn{lamev uaier lvvevvneay imbberv brcn yge IVM lai IVE.?; maiew frmyermca!
Yge IVE Deaerl` Maiew nelvurev yge {erbcrnlafe cb fcn{lamev cyger ygla z flyedcr} lai lv yge aet mvvuev lre brevg cae lai glv u{`cliei ma yge nlrhey o} vlymvb}mad frmyermca lai yge maiew mv acy fcavyrlmaei tmygma ?; fcn{lamev, lv ma IVE. ?; tgmfg myve`b mv l ieolye tgeyger lfyul``} my re{reveayv O`ue Fgm{v {rc{er`}! IVE Deaerl` Maiew [rc{er`} reb`efyv yge Olad`lievgm E|umy} Nlrhey!
[erbcrnlafe nelvureneay bcr l drcu{ cb M[Cv mv lvvevvei o} yge tel`yg re`lyme, tgmfg mv iebmaei lv: T_< > X< ( <#A _mA ^ # X< ( <#A _mA ^ Tgere T_< mv yge Tel`yg _e`lyme bcr yge bmrvy il}”v yrlimad lai A mv yge ycyl` aunoer cb M[Cv ma yge vln{`e! L tel`yg re`lyme loce cae '<0T_ <- mn{`mev ygly yge M[Cv cuy{erbcrnei yge nlrhey ma ygly {ermci! L tel`yg re`lyme oe`ct cae '<1T_
Yge vln{`e Nela cb Nlrhey Lijuvyei Loacrnl` _eyura bcr yge bmrvy yrlimad il}, NLL_m<, nl} oe metei lv l {erbcrnlafe maiew tgmfg reb`efyv yge reyura, ma ewfevv cb yge nlrhey reyura, ca l Ylhl cb maevyneay immiei e|ul``} lncad A aet mvvuev ma l vln{`e:
NLL_m< > <#A NLL_mA
Yc yevy yge g}{cygevmv ygly NLL_ m< e|ul`v zerc, M fcn{uyei yge lvvcfmlyei Z vylymvymf:
Z > XNLL_m<^ # VI^ # XV\_Y'A-^
Tgere VI mv yge vylailri iemlymca cb NLL_ m
?4
Lddredlymca cb ilm`} loacrnl` reyurav
Fcnnca`} uvei M[C eeay vyui} neygcic`cd} mv bc``ctei yc fl`fu`lye loacrnl` reyurav lai yevy bcr vmdambmflafe! Funu`lyme ewfevv reyurav lre ewlnmaei cer l <. ncayg {ermci bc``ctmad yge ilye yge vefurmy} mv `mvyei ca yge Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade! Yge IVE Deaerl` Maiew verev lv l {rcw} bcr yge nlrhey reyurav!
Yge bc``ctmad ygree e|ulymcav ievfrmoe yge {rcfevv bcr fcn{uymad ewfevv reyurav 'wr-, lerlde ewfevv reyurav 'LW_-, lai funu`lyme ewfevv reyurav 'FW_-! Bmrvy, yge ewfevv reyura bcr elfg vefurmy} m ca il} y 'wr m,y- mv fcn{uyei lv yge imbbereafe oeyteea yge reyura cb yge vefurmy} ca il} y 'r m,y - lai yge reyura cb yge nlrhey maiew ca il} y 'r n,y-! Bcr fcn{uymad ncayg`} ewfevv reyurav, y re{reveayv yge rev{efyme ncayg!
wrmy> rmy.rny Aewy, yge lerlde ewfevv reyura bcr yge vln{`e bcr elfg ncayg y 'LW_ y- mv iermei brcn yge nela cb yge vun cb yge ewfevv reyurav cb elfg cb yge a vefurmymev iurmad ncayg y! LW_y> '<#A-Φ wrmy Bmal``}, funu`lyme ewfevv reyurav lv cb ncayg Y lre fcn{uyei lv yge vunnlymca cb yge lerlde ewfevv reyurav vylrymad ly ncayg < uaym` ncayg Y!
FW_my> Φ LW_y
[.l`uev bcr ncayg`} lerlde ewfevv reyurav 'LW_- lai yge funu`lyme lerlde ewfevv reyurav 'FW_- lre fl`fu`lyei lai yevyei uvmad l Z.vfcre yc ieyernmae vmdambmflafe ly yge !<; l`{gl `ee`! Yge rev{efyme {.l`uev bcr ygeve yevyv lre dmea ma yge Ylo`ev < lai ?! Funu`lyme loacrnl` reyurav lre yevyei bcr elfg ncayg yc ieyernmae tgeyger yge bcremda e|umy} mv }me`imad l drelyer reyura ygla IVE Deaerl` Maiew! L {.l`ue cb !<; cr `evv maimflyev yge loacrnl` reyura cr funu`lyme loacrnl` reyura mv vmdambmflay`} imbbereay brcn ;! Yge {.l`ue mv iermei brcn yge Z vfcre:
Z Yevy > < ‖ Acrnl` Imvyrmouymca X'W.Uc-#V#v|ulre rccy A-^
?7
tgere: W mv yge vln{`e nela8 Uc > ; yc yevy ygly yge lerlde mv imbbereay brcn ;8 V mv yge vln{`e vylailri iemlymca8 A mv yge aunoer cb ncayg`} reyurav ma yge vln{`e8 Yge acrnl` imvyrmouymca cb yge z.vfcre ye``v yge {rcolom`my} ygly W mv acy e|ul` yc zerc! Ygerebcre, l {.l`ue cb !<; maimflyev ygly ygere mv l =; {erfeay {rcolom`my} ygly yge bcremda e|umy} reyura imbberv brcn yge IVE Deaerl` Maiew reyura! Fl`fu`lymcav lre {erbcrnei ygrcudg Nmfrcvcby Ewfe`! _edrevvmca Lal`}vmv
Ma ygmv vefymca `maelr redrevvmcav lre uvei yc maevymdlye yge ieyernmalayv cb uaier{rmfmad cb yge mamyml` {uo`mf cbbermadv ca yge IVE! Yge ew{`lalycr} lrmlo`ev lre ve`efyei ca yge olvmv cb {remcuv en{mrmfl` tcrh, tmyg en{glvmv ca yevymad yge vmdal`mad g}{cygevmv! Yge mamyml` redrevvmca ncie` maevymdlyei mv yge bc``ctmad: _lt _eyura > ο ( ο `cd MvvueSVmze ( ο `cd Ycyl`SLvvey ( ο `cd AeyS[rcbmy ( ο `cd c
<
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6
LdeSBmrn ( ο _mvh ( ο NlrheyS_eyura! 5
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9
_evu`yv cb Ew{ermneay M tm`` act l{{`} yge neygcic`cd} cuy`maei loce yc lvvevv yge reyurav ca yge M[Cv ma n} vln{`e! M fcn{uye T_y, NLL_my, lai yge lvvcfmlyei y vylymvymf! M tm`` `cch bcr tgly mv yge Nlrhey lijuvyei Loacrnl` _eyura ca yge Bmrvy Yrlimad Il} cb yge vycfh lai l`vc yge Ncayg `ee` Nmv{rmfmad! Lbyer lal`}zmad yge uaier{rmfmad {geacneaca M tm`` fgefh yge Vgcry _ua [erbcrnlafe cb M[Cv ma IVE! Tmyg _edrevvmca lal`}vmv, yge ieyernmalayv cb yge Mamyml` reyura tm`` oe {cmayei cuy!
Vln{`e
6? ?= 6
Uaier{rmfei Cer{rmfei
Yge lerlde reyurav ca yge bmrvy il} cb yrlimad lre ??!9?94-!
_eyura o} Mvvue vmde
e u v v m b c e d m V
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reyura '%-
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Cb yge 6? M[Cv ma yge vln{`e ca`} 6 tere cer{rmfei! Mb vedneayei o} yge mvvue vmze ygea @lrde lai neimun mvvue enerdev tmyg yge vlne reyura `mhe ?;= % ouy ca yge cyger glai vnl`` mvvue glv l reyura glv ?6=!<2%! Vnl`` mvvuev vubber brcn `lrder uaier{rmfmad! Yge ycyl` vln{`e tlv lvvevvei o} vnl`` '0<;; nm``mca8 a><6-, neimun '<;;05;; nm``mca8 a><6- lai `lrde mvvue '15;; nm``mca8 a>2- lrmlay! Vc yge reyura icev acy imbber mnneave`} mb lal`}zei mvvue tmve! Yge en{mrmfl` revu`yv gere fcayrlimfy yge ygecr} ygly yge `lrde mvvuev tm`` gle re`lyme`} gmdg reyura yc ldmylye yge maevycrv yc lovcro `lrde mvvue!
6;
_eyur a o} Uaiert rmyerv [re vymde reyura '%-
gmdg {revymde
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`ct {revymde {revymde
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_eyura '%-
Yge {revymde tlv ieyernmaei o} ytc _e{uylymcal` Rlrmlo`e 'U_R< lai U_R?nelvurei o} ac cb ycyl` mvvue lai {erfeaylde cb ycyl` mvvue uaiertrmyyea o} l v{efmbmf maevyneay olah! Vedneayei o} yge uaiertrmyer”v {revymde yge reyura mv l`ncvy vlne vcne tgere aelr ??;%!Ygmv nelav yge maevyneay olahv gere ma Olad`lievg icev acy gle ygly nufg mab`ueafe ma yge mamyml` reyura! _eyura o} Nlrhey Fcaimymca _eyura _eyura ' %-
a Gcy c Gcy m y m i a c F y e h r l Fcc` N ;!;; ;!;;
<76!42
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_eyur a '%-
Nlrhey glv vmdambmflay mn{lfy ca yge NLL_ lai ma yge gcy nlrhey 'Ju`} ?;;2 yc Iefenoer ?;;7- yge reyura tlv ?94!<6% tgm`e ma fcc` nlrhey 'oebcre Ju`} ?;;2- my mv <76!42%!
]elrt mve M[C _eyur a ?;;5
?7?!2<
?;;2
<<4!=2
r l e ]
?;;4
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?;;7 ;!;;
654!79 <;;!;;
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9;;!;;
_eyura ca M[Cv ma ?;;2 tlv l omy v`lfhmad lbyer ?7?!2<% ma ?;;5! Ma ?;;7 yge cerl`` nlrhey tlv ma u{tlri yreai lai M[Cv ly ygly {ermci ew{ermeafei 654!79% reyura ca la lerlde! @cverv " Tmaaer T maaerv v NLL_ % =;;!;; 7;;!;; 4;;!;; 2;;!;; 5;;!;; a r u y 9;;!;; e _ 6;;!;; ?;;!;; <;;!;; ;!;;
A H H V L _ A V E H B @ MB E F A @ H G V Y V Y H @ M A [ Y A O A E A A A V B L L C A A F MB B M Y A M O @ MA MA A V E E B M A M B _ L I A M V V A M U L @ B MW F O A V L L M[ I @ O M L B _ V L Y M@ _ [ V F B L F M _ @ T E @ M @ M _ O O E C O E E M O O F O C N C L Y L E C Y M E A M C A M E E L O F [ V L N L D L D D _ N _ [ L ME [ _ M MY A MN A E @ ] D L N V I J L G L V Y A N L Y N H L C A _ _ U C V _ A @ L U _ L E _ C V @ A V M L E N M [ A D G U E C @ L G O _ [ F MI F MY L _ _ M E _ [ N _ L M O L C B B [ [ D V G @ V L [ N [ Y V L [ V U J
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M[Cv
Yge tmaaerv lai `cverv cb ygmv ewerfmve lre ewgmomyei ma yge fglryv loce! Lncadvy yge 6? vln{`e VL[C_Y@ glv vmdambmflay nmv{rmfmad tmyg l bmrvy il} reyura 47
6!?<2
Tel`yg _e`lyme 'T_- mv 6!?<2 nelav ygly yge vln{`e M[Cv glv cuy{erbcrnei yge nlrhey 6;; ymnev ma yge Bmrvy il} cb yrlimad! [lae` L: Ievfrm{yme Vylymvymfv bcr yge 6? M[Cv Rlrmlo`e Cbber {rmfe 'C[Bmrvy il} nlrhey {rmfe [rcfeeiv, nm``mcav Elramadv {er vglre [remvvue occh l`ue#vglre [#E 'C[#E[VN#O{re'NR#O[V{remvvue-
Nela <;7!?7 62=!79 ?254!4= ??!5; <97!;4 <9!99 ?!97
Nmamnun <;!;; <=!?; =
6?
?5yg <;;!;; <2
5;yg <;;!;; 6;4!?5 <<49!27 <5!<; <62!99 2!5< ?!<<
45yg <;;!;; 956!5; 649=!25 6=!6? <26!;7 <;!22 ?!==
Nlwmnun ??5!;; <55;!;; <47;2!6; 24!64 9;?!5? <<=!;5 4!?9
Vylailri Iemlymca 94!6= 667!
[lae` L re{cryv vcne ievfrm{yme vylymvymfv ca bmrn v{efmbmf lai nlrhey re`lyei fglrlfyermvymfv! Yge vln{`e vubberv brcn vmdambmflay uaier{rmfmad ca la lerlde! M@BV@
gli l ??5 ylhl cbber {rmfe tgm`e yge cbber {rmfe rladev brcn <;.??5 ylhl! Bmrvy
il} nlrhey {rmfe tlv yguaiermad <55;!;; ylhl bcr
IOG! LVML[LFMAV
ca yge
cyger glai tlv cer{rmfei lai ygmv <;; ylhl blfe l`ue vglre gli l 5=!?5 ylhl f`cvmad {rmfe ly yge eai cb yge bmrvy il}! il }! [#E 'C[#E[V- tlv nlwmnun <<=!;5 tmyg l lrmlom`my} cb ?5!4
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@ V B @ M
A M B W M A E C G [
[ L F A C M A U
A L O _ E M N E _ [
A C V A E I @ C D
H A L O L J G L G V
H A L O F L _ O
F I [ M
E F B @ Y H M B B M A V M @ O A M [ @ M B _ L Y _ E O L O F L N O N L D E M L D _ A H L [ U L _ _ A @ N [ E L L O @ V L J
B M @ V E _ D C _ [
A M B F M N L @ V M
V A M L O _ L A C V
V A M F L [ L M V L
L E @ _ E M N E _ [
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M[Cv M[C [rmfmad Nu`ym{`mer mer
Vefcailr} Nlrhey [#E
Vefcailr} nlrhey [#E nu`ym{`e mv vmdambmflay`} gmdger ygla ygly cb cbbermad {rmfe elramadv lai yge drl{g vgctv ygly yge nu`ym{`e oeflne bme bc`i gmdger ma flve cb [rmne `mbe mavurlafe lai [rcdrevvme `mbe mavurlafe! Yge elramadv cb `mbe mavurlafe bmrn ma yge vln{`e tere olvei ca yge {rcv{efyuv lai lvvevvei o} yge lfyulr} ygere ca!
66
Ilm`} Lbyer Nlrhey _eyura <;6!;; <;?!;; <;
<;;!;; ==!;; =7!;; =4!;; =2!;; =5!;; < ? 6 9 5 2 4
7 = < ; << < <
Lbyer b`clylymca cb yge vglre yge reyura ma yge vuove|ueay {ermci u{ yc 6; il}v lrmei brcn .;6!9; yc 6!;;?%! Yge b`ufyulymca eea ygcudg gli l aedlyme yreai!
Funu`lyme Gc`imad [ermci _eyura <;;!;; =7!;; =2!;; v } l I
=9!;; =?!;; =;!;; 77!;; 72!;; 79!;; <
6
5
4
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Ma drl{g loce ilyl maimflye ygly yge 6; il}v funu`lyme ewfevv reyurav bcr yge M[Cv ma yge vln{`e mv l .<;!??%! Ygerebcre, bmaimadv maimflye ygly maevyneayv ma yge M[Cv bcr l 6; il} {ermci o} ylhmad l `cad {cvmymca ly yge < vy il} yeai yc {erbcrn {ccrer ygla yge nlrhey lv l tgc`e!
69
Ieyernmalayv Lyyrmouymca
Gere mv yge ieyernmalay blfycrv ygly lre ew{efyei yc gle ma ebbefy ca yge M[C reyurav! Ma crier yc yevy yge imbbereay fglrlfyermvymfv ca yge uaier{rmfmad `ee` vcne mvvue re`lyei fglrlfyermvymfv, mvvuer re`lyei fglrlfyermvymfv lai nlrhey re`lyei fglrlfyermvymfv gle oeea mieaymbmei lv ie{eaieay lrmlo`e! Yge mamyml` reyura glv oeea redrevvei ldlmavy ygeve lrmlo`ev! Yc lcmi fc `maelrmy} tmyg yge nlrhey lrmlo`e, NLL_ glv acy oeea uvei lv nlrhey reyura mv l buafymcal` lrmlo`e ma yge ncie`!
Ievfrm{yme Vylymvymfv
A
Nmamnun
Nlwmnun
Nela
Vyi! Iemlymca
_eyura ly Il} <
6?
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Nlrhey _eyura _mvh Rl`mi A '`mvytmve-
Lncadvy yge 6? vln{`e Bmrvy il} reyura mv nlwmnun 47
65
Fcrre`lymcav
[elrvca Fcrre`lymca _eyura ly Il} < Mvvue Vmze 'naLde cb yge Bmrn Ycyl` Lvvey 'naAey [rcbmy 'nav{cavcr$ vglre gc`imadv 'ygcuNlrhey _eyura _mvh Vmd! '<. _eyura ly Il} < ylm`eiMvvue Vmze 'naLde cb yge Bmrn Ycyl` Lvvey 'naAey [rcbmy 'nav{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcuNlrhey _eyura _mvh A
_eyura ly Il} <
Mvvue Lde Vmze cb yge 'naBmrn .!;94 .!<52
Ycyl` Lvvey 'na!
v{cavcr$v Aey vglre [rcbmy gc`imadv Nlrhey 'na'ygcu_eyura _mvh !<94 .!<;= !6;2 !74< .!<;6 .!;42 !;6< !;;7 .!;66 !;54 .!;<4 .!
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!<62 ! 6?
Bmrvy il} reyura glv l vylymvymfl``} vmdambmflay fcrre`lymca tmyg yge reyura lrmlom`my} cb yge mvvuei vefurmymev! Ygmv nelav ygly yge rmvh cb yge vefurmy} re|umrev ewyrl retlri ma yge bcrn cb {rmfe mafreneay lai yguv tmyg {cvmyme reyura!
Yge Bmrvy il} reyura mv aedlyme`} fcrre`lyei tmyg Mvvue Vmze 'na-, Lde cb yge Bmrn lai v{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcu-
lai {cvmyme`} re`ly ei tmyg Ycyl` Lvvey 'na-,
Aey [rcbmy 'na-, Nlrhey _eyura lai _mvh cb yge mvvue! _eyura ie{eaiv olvei ca yge gcy cr fcc` nlrhey mvvue! Ygly mv tgea yge nlrhey reyura mv {cvmyme yge mvvuei vefurmy} glv {cvmyme reyura! Ygmv mv oefluve yge maevycrv oe`mee ygly yge {rmfe ncneayun cb yge nlrhey tm`` renlma vlne ma yge aely buyure!
62
Ncie` Vunnlr}'oNcie ` _
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Vyi! Errcr cb Evymnlye
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_ Fglade !7<5
Fglade Vylymvymfv B Fglade ib< ib? <5!
Vmd! B Fglade !;;;
Iuroma. Tlyvca
l [reimfycrv: 'Fcavylay-, _mvh, Mvvue Vmze 'na-, Aey [rcbmy 'na-, Lde cb yge Bmrn, v{cavcr$v vglre vglre gc`imadv 'ygcu-, 'ygcu-, Nlrhey _eyura, Ycyl` Lvvey 'na- o Ie{eaieay Rlrmlo`e: _eyura ly Il} <
Ma vunnlr} loce, Bmrvy il} reyura mv {reimfyei brcn Mvvue Vmze 'na-, Lde cb yge Bmrn lai v{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcu-, Ycyl` Lvvey 'na-, Aey [rcbmy 'na-, Nlrhey _eyura lai _mvh cb yge mvvue! Ygmv cuy{uy vgctv l`` maie{eaieay lrmlo`ev gere ycdeyger ew{`lma 42!<;% cb yge lrmlafe ma reyura bcr ygmv vln{`e! _ ? fglade mv yge vlne lv _ ? oefluve yge lrmlo`ev tere eayerei ly yge vlne ymne 'acy vye{tmve cr ma o`cfhv-, vc ygere mv ca`} cae redrevvmca ncie` yc re{cry! Vmafe ygere mv ca`} cae ncie`, /Vmd B Fglade/ mv yge cerl`` vmdambmflafe cb yge ncie`, tgmfg bcr cae ncie` mv l`vc yge vmdambmflafe cb liimad yge ew{`lmamad lrmlo`ev yc yge ncie` ma liimymca yc yge mayerfe{y! Ma n} vln{`e yge B. Vylymvymf mv vmdambmflay, nelav yge lrmlo`e ieenei yc ew{`lma yge mamyml` reyura glv l vmdambmflay mn{lfy! Lv Iuroma.Tlyvca vylymvymf mv ?!649 ygly”v tg} M rejefy yge ilyl lre luycfcrre`lyei 'verml``} ie{eaieay- lai yge coverlymcav lre maie{eaieay!
LACRL'oNcie` <
_edrevvmca _evmiul` Ycyl`
Vun cb V|ulrev <<;9=
ib
4 ?9 6<
Nela V|ulre <54799!22 <;96?!=<
B <5!
Vmd! !;;;'l-
l [reimfycrv: 'Fcavylay-, _mvh, Mvvue Vmze 'na-, 'na-, Aey [rcbmy 'na-, Lde cb yge Bmrn, v{cavcr$v v{cavcr$v glre gc`imadv 'ygcu-, Nlrhey _eyura, Ycyl` Lvvey 'n ao Ie{eaieay Rlrmlo`e: _eyura _eyura ly Il} <
Yge B.Vylymvymf ma yge LACRL ylo`e mv vlne lv yge NCIE@ VUNNL_] lai vmdambmflay ly !;;; `ee`!
64
?!649
Fcebbmfmeayv'l-
'FcavylayMvvue Vmze 'naLde cb yge Bmrn Ycyl` Lvvey 'naAey [rcbmy 'nav{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcuNlrhey _eyura _mvh
Uavylailrimzei Fcebbmfmeayv Vyi! O Errcr 5?!57? 99!7=2 !;64 !;76
Vylailrimzei Fcebbmfmeayv y
Vmd!
Oeyl !;55
!?56 !22;
=5% Fcabmieafe Mayerl` bcr O @cter U{{er Ocuai Ocuai .9;!;47 <95!?9? .!<69 !?;7
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l Ie{eaieay Rlrmlo`e: _eyura ly Il} <
Yge rmvh cb yge M[Cv mvvuei mv vmdambmflay lai l dcci {reimfycr cb yge M[Cv bmrvy il} reyura! Nlrhey reyura lai aey {rcbmy gle re`lyme`} gmdg mn{crylafe ma ew{`lmamad yge lrmlymca ma yge reyura!
Ma yge Fcabmieafe Mayerl`v vefymca te vee ygly ; mv oeyteea yge u{{er lai `cter ocuaiv bcr yge o fcebbmfmeay bcr Mvvue Vmze 'na-, Lde cb yge Bmrn lai v{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcu-, Ycyl` Lvvey 'na-, Aey [rcbmy 'na- lai Nlrhey _eyura, nelamad ygly yge fcebbmfmeay bcr ygeve lrmlo`ev flaacy oe lvvunei ly yge =5% fcabmieafe `ee` yc oe imbbereay brcn ; 'ygmv mv l imbbereay tl} cb vl}mad lde mv acy vmdambmflay-! Oefluve _mvh cb yge mvvue mv vmdambmflay, ; mv acy tmygma myv u{{er lai `cter fcabmieafe ocuaiv! Yge zerc.crier lai {lryml` fcrre`lymcav bcr _mvh lre l`ncvy vlne oefluve tgea M fcayrc` yge zerc.crier fcrre`lymca cb _mvh tmyg _eyura bcr Mvvue Vmze 'na-, Lde cb yge Bmrn lai v{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcu-, Ycyl` Lvvey 'na-, Aey [rcbmy'na- lai Nlrhey _eyura , ygeve glv er} `myy`e mab`ueafe!
67
Ew{`lalymca Ygmv mv emieay brcn yge blfy ygly ocyg uaier{rmfmad mv lbbefyei o} {uo`mf`} llm`lo`e mabcrnlymca hacta {rmcr yc yge M[C! Yge bc``ctmad lre yge lrmlo`ev ygly lre `mhe`} yc lbbefy yge M[C ewfevv reyura lai yge ienlai bcr M[C uamyv!
Maevyneay _mvhv:
M[C uaier{rmfmad mv l uamervl` {geacneaca! Ygere tlv <<
Yge g}{cygevev nl} acy fcer l`` cb yge rmvhv ma Olad`lievg {rmnlr} nlrheyv, ouy yge} fla {rcmie l dcci yevy cb yge ienlai vgmby brcn OE yc DG ievfrmoei ma yge fglry loce!
Mabcrnlymcal` _mvh:
Oelyy} lai _cfh '<=72- lrdue ygly yge ew{efyei uaier{rmfmad mv la mafrelvmad buafymca cb uaferylmay}! M[C uaier{rmfmad cb l oeyyer.hacta bmrn mv `cter, vma fe l `lrder bmrn mv uvul``} oeyyer hacta ygla l vnl``er cae! L bmrn tmyg l `cader gmvycr} mv l`vc oeyyer hacta ygla cae tmyg l vgcryer gmvycr}! Ygeve coverlymcav `eli yc cur bmrvy ytc g}{cygevev!
G}{cygevmv
fcebbmfmeay cb yge `cdlrmygn cb fcr{crlye lvveyv mv vmdambmflay ly !?52 `ee`! Yge uaier{rmfmad mv gmdger ma vnl``er vmzei bmrn lai mfe ervl! Yguv yge g}{cygevmv mv vu{{cryei!
6=
G}{cygevmv
reyura! L bmrn tmyg l `cader fcr{crlye gmvycr} vgcu`i l`vc oe re`lyme`} oeyyer hacta lai ygerebcre my mv `evv uaier{rmfei! Nlalderml` rmvh:
NfFcaae`` lai Verlev '<==;- vgct ygly, u{ yc l ferylma {cmay, fcr{crlye l`ue mafrelvev tmyg mavmier ctaervgm{! Tgea l bmrn glv gmdg mavmie ctaervgm{, mavmierv vgcu`i oe re`ufylay yc uaier{rmfe yge bmrn”v M[C vglrev! G}{cygevmv
vmdambmflay re`lymca oeyteea mamyml` reyurav lai yge vmzev cb nlalderml` vglregc`imadv!
Mvvue vmze:
@lrder M[Cv deaerl``} ncre uaier{rmfei, {ergl{v yc ealo`e yrlierv lovcro yge `lrder |ulaymy} cb vefurmymev! G}{cygevmv
gle drelyer uaier{rmfei! Yge uaier{rmfmad cb M[Cv tlv drelyer ygla tlv aefevvlr} yc lyyrlfy l vubbmfmeay `ee` cb ienlai! _mvh cb yge mvvue:
My mv yge vylailri iemlymca cb ilm`} ewfevv reyura cer 6; il}v lbyer yge M[C! Ygecr} {reimfyv l {cvmyme re`lymcavgm{ oeyteea uaier{rmfmad lai uaferylmay}! _cfh '<=72, {! <7=- vylyei: ‐yge drelyer yge uaferylmay} locuy yge yrue {rmfe cb yge aet vglrev, yge drelyer yge lilaylde cb yge mabcrnei maevycrv lai yge iee{er yge imvfcuay yge bmrn nuvy cbber yc eaymfe uamabcrnei maevycrv mayc yge nlrhey!„ Te`fg '<==?- {rc{cvei ygly uaier{rmfmad mv la mafrelvmad buafymca cb l nela.{revermad mafrelve ma yge v{reli cb maevycrv” {rmcr oe`mebv locuy yge M[C {rmfe! Ma liimymca, rmvh.lerve uaiertrmyerv tmyg bmrn fcnnmyneay yc lovcro yge |ulaymy} ygly mv uavc`i ly yge M[C {rmfe nl} uaier{rmfe yge mvvue yc reiufe ygemr rmvh! Maieei, en{mrmfl` emieafe vgctv ygly uaier{rmfmad rmvev tmyg {rmfe uaferylmay} '_myyer '<=79--!
9;
Drelyer uaferylmay} locuy yge mvvuei vefurmymev `ei yc drelyer uaier{rmfmad lv te`` lv drelyer ewfevv ienlai, tgmfg revu`yei ma vnl``er l``cflymca! Ygly mv, yge drelyer uaier{rmfmad cb rmvhmer M[Cv imi acy aefevvlrm`} {rcmie drelyer rmvh {renmunv yc ygemr ou}erv! Yge revu`y gere mv fcavmvyeay tmyg yge vuddevymca ygly rmvhmer M[Cv lre {rmfei `cter yc {rcyefy yge mayerevyv cb rmvh.lerve uaiertrmyerv!
Cervuovfrm{ymca _lye:
Uaier yge cbbermad |ucylv, maevycrv ma yge {rmnlr} nlrhey lre acy lvvurei cb deyymad yge vglrev yge} vuovfrmoe yc! Yge uaiertrmyerv l``cflye vglrev o} `cyyermev, lai yge `cyyer} vuffevv rlye cb M[C l{{`mflymcav reb`efyv yge mayerlfymca cb fcayrc``ei vu{{`mev lai ie{revvei ienlaiv ma yge {rmnlr} nlrhey! Cer Vuovfrm{ymcav Ymnev Cer Vuovfrm{ymcav Ymnev .Rl`ue 'Yh! na-
B];9 <6!<5
B];5
B];2 <;!2?
B];4 7!<7
Ie{revvei ienlai ma Iglhl Vycfh Ewfglade mv vcnetgly rev{cavmo`e bcr yge gmdger lbyernlrhey reyura!
Bmalafml` _edu`lymcav
Yge bmalafml` redu`lymcav cb yge bmwei.{rmfmad neygci lai ycc nufg ie{eaieafe ca lffcuaymad aunoerv tgm`e ieyernmamad yge cbbermad {rmfe ormad locuy ewyrlcrimalr} M[C uaier{rmfmad ma Olad`lievg! Imvfcuayei Flvg B`ct 'IFB- oeyyer reb`efyv bmrnv {cyeayml` ma yernv cb drctyg lai buyure {rcv{efy! Lv maevycrv lre {l}mad ycil} lai yguv gc`i `cad {cvmymca olvei ca buyure l`ue cb yge vglre, yguv yge {reveay l`ue cb yge buyure flvg b`ctv lre er} nufg re`elay lai vgcu`i oe juidei oebcre ieyernmamad yge {rmfe! Ldlma Occh oum`imad neygci fla `cter yge uaier{rmfmad oefluve yge maevycrv ienlai fla oe oeyyer reb`efyei ma OON! Ym`` act Olad`lievg glv acy lic{yei OON 'lic{ymca {rcfevv mv cadcmad- lai yguv yge {rmfe cbberei mv acy ygly nufg ebbmfmeay! Ma Olad`lievg uaier{rmfmad mv veere yc maiufe {rmnlr} {rmnlr} vycfh gc`ierv gc`ierv yc vefcailr} nlrhey! Ygmv mv l rlymcal`e tg} e|umymev gere lre uaier{rmfei!
9<
Yctlriv {rmfmad ebbmfmeaf}
[reveay M[C [rmfmad Nefglamvn ma Olad`lievg: Bmwei [rmfe. {rmfe vey o} yge mvvuer lai mvvue nlalder ly tgmfg l`` yge vglrev lre
mvvuei! Lufymca ‖ [rmfe mv ieyernmaei brcn yge omiv refemei ma vel`ei eae`c{e! Occh Oum`imad. M[C cbbermad {rmfe mv ieyernmaei olvei ca ienlai brcn
mavymyuymcal`maevycrv!
Ieyernmalymca cb Cbbermad [rmfe:
Mb crimalr} vglrev lre oemad cbberei, yge blfycrv fcavmierei ma ieyernmamad yge cbbermad {rmfe vgl`` oe vey bcryg ma yge {rcv{efyuv!
Mb yge mvvue {rmfe cb yge crimalr} vglre mv gmdger ygla yge {lr l`ue ygerecb, juvymbmflymca cb yge {renmun vgcu`i oe vylyei tmyg rebereafe yc.
'm-
Aey lvvey l`ue {er vglre ly gmvycrmfl` gmvy crmfl` cr furreay fcvyv8
'mm-
Elramad.olvei.l`ue {er vglre fl`fu`lyei ca yge olvmv cb temdgyei lerlde cb aey {rcbmy lbyer ylw bcr mnneimlye`} {refeimad bme }elrv cr vufg vgcryer {ermci iurmad tgmfg yge mvvuer tlv ma fcnnerfml` c{erlymca8
'mmm-
[rcjefyei elramadv {er vglre#occh l`ue bcr yge aewy ygree lffcuaymad }elr lv {er yge mvvuerv cta lvvevvneay iu`} ferymbmei o} yge luimycr cb yge mvvuer8
'm-
Lerlde nlrhey {rmfe {er vglre cb vmnm`lr vycfh bcr yge `lvy vmw ncaygv mnneimlye`} {rmcr yc yge cbber bcr fcnnca vycfhv cr mb mvvulafe mv yge re{ely {uo`mf cbbermad nlrhey {rmfe {er vglre cb fcnnca vycfh cb yge mvvuer bcr yge lbcrevlmi {ermci8 lai
'-
L`` cyger blfycrv tmyg juvymbmflymca tgmfg gle oeea ylhea mayc lffcuay o} yge mvvuer bcr bmwmad yge {renmun: [rcmiei ygly {renmun ca {uo`mf cbbermad vgl`` acy ewfeei yge lncuay cb {renmun fglrdei ca vglrev mvvuei tmygma mnneimlye`} {refeimad cae }elr!
9?
Ieyernmalymca cb Cbbermad [rmfe lai Imvyrmouymca cb Vglrev uaier bmwei neygci:
Mvvuer lai mvvue nlalder bmw {rmfe8
L`` yge vglrev lre mvvuei ly vlne {rmfe8
<;% vglrev lre reverei bcr Aca.revmieay Olad`lievgm
<;% vglrev lre reverei bcr Nuyul` Buaiv
Mb cervuovfrmoei l``cflyei gc`imad `cyyer}
Yge Vefurmymev lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca mv lic{ymad aet neygciv cb {rmfmad yge M[Cv! Yge Occh Oum`imad neygci mv uaier fcavmierlymca lai irlby glv l`reli} oeea {re{lrei! Yge Occh Oum`imad tm`` ormad ncre {rmfmad ebbmfmeaf}! Ygere tm`` oe l ol`lafe oeyteea yge ienlai bcr lai vu{{`} cb yge vefurmy} vmafe occh.oum`y {rmfe tm`` oe f`cve yc yge nlrhey {rmfe!
Occh Oum`imad: l aet erl
Vefurmy} lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca mv tcrhmad yc mayrciufe Occh Oum`imad ma Olad`lievg! VEF Fcavu`ylyme Fcnnmyyee XFF^ glv l`reli} {re{lrei l irlby8 Irlby tlv {reveayei oebcre VEF Limvcr} Fcnnmyyee ca
E`mdmom`my} bcr Cbbermad Vglrev uaier Occh Oum`imad Neygci:
Xl^
Yge fcn{la} nuvy gle ly `elvy Yh! 6;; nm``mca aey.tcryg8
Xo^
Vgl`` cbber ly `elvy <;% vglrev cb {lmi u{ fl{myl` 'maf`uimad mayeaiei cbbercr Yh! 6;; nm``mca tgmfgeer mv gmdger8
Xf^
Vgl`` oe ma fcnnerfml` c{erlymca bcr ly `elvy mnneimlye {lvy bme }elrv8
Xi^
Vgl`` gle {rcbmy ma ygree }elrv cuy cb yge mnneimlye `lvy bme fcn{`eyei lffcuaymad#bmalafml` }elr8
96
Xe^
Vgl`` gle ac lffunu`lyei `cvv ly yge ymne cb l{{`mflymca8
Xb^
Vgl`` luimy ly `elvy myv `lyevy bmalafml` vylyeneayv o} l bmrn cb fglryerei lffcuaylayv brcn yge {lae` cb luimycrv cb yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Xd^
Vgl`` oe redu`lr ma gc`imad laaul` deaerl` neeymad8
Xg^
Yge Fcnnmvvmca mb ieenv l{{rc{rmlye bcr yge mayerevy cb maevycr cr iee`c{neay cb fl{myl` nlrhey, nl} ewen{y e wen{y cr re`lw la} cb yge loce re|umreneayv!
Irlby cb [rcfeiurev cb Occh Oum`imad Neygci bcr Olad`lievg Fl{myl` Nlrhey : Yge Occh Oum`imad [rcfevv tm`` gle ytc vyldev:
[rmfe Imvfcer} lai Occh Oum`imad o} e`mdmo`e mavymyuymcal` maevycrv8
[uo`mf cbber olvei ca {rmfe bcuai cuy ygrcudg Occh Oum`imad [rcfevv!
Vylde M: [rmfe Imvfcer} lai Occh Oum`imad o} e`mdmo`e mavymyuymcal` maevycrv:
Mvvuer vgl`` mamye bcr maimflyme {rmfe cbber brcn yge e`mdmo`e mavymyuymcal` maevycr ygrcudg {rc{er imvf`cvure, {reveaylymcav, icfuneayv, venmalrv lai rcli vgctv8
Irlby {rcv{efyuv vgl`` fcaylma maimflyme {rmfe olvei ca {rmfe maimflymcav coylmaei brcn ly `elvy bme e`mdmo`e mavymyuymcal` maevycrv fcermad ly `elvy ygree imbbereay flyedcrmev cb maevycrv8
Mvvuer vgl`` imvf`cve ma yge {rcv{efyuv ieylm` locuy yge |ul`mylyme lai |ulaymylyme blfycrv juvymb}mad yge maimflyme {rmfe!
E`mdmo`e Mavymyuymcal` Maevycrv:
Xl^
Nerfglay Olaherv ewfe{ymad yge mvvue nlalder lai uaiertrmyer yc yge {rc{cvei mvvue8
Xo^
Bcremda Mavymyuymcal` Maevycrv redmvyerei tmyg yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Xf^
_efcdamzei [eavmca Buaiv lai [rcmieay Buaiv8
Xi^
Bmalafml` Mavymyuymcav uaier redu`lycr} luygcrmy} cb Olad`lievg Olah8
Xe^
Mavurlafe Fcn{lamev redu`lyei uaier Mavurlafe Crimalafe, ?;;78
Xb^
Mavymyuymcal` eayure fl{myl` lai Mavymyuymcal` maevycrv redmvyerei tmyg yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Xd^
La} cyger {ervca { ervca {ernmyyei o} yge Fcnnmvvmca bcr ygmv {ur{cve!
99
Occh Oum`imad Neygci bcr M[C [rmfmad:
Yge maimflyme {rmfe vgl`` oe yge olvmv bcr bcrnl` {rmfe oum`imad tmyg la u{tlri lai ictatlri olai cb ?;% cb maimflyme {rmfe8
Mavymyuymcal` maevycrv vgl`` omi tmygma yge {rmfe olai8
Mb mavymyuymcal` |ucyl mv acy f`elrei tmygma yge {rmfe olai yge mvvue tcu`i oe fcavmierei flafe``ei ua`evv yge b`ccr {rmfe mv buryger `cterei tmygma yge blfe l`ue cb vefurmy} tmyg yge l{{rcl` cb yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Omiimad vgl`` fcnneafe lbyer deyymad fcaveay brcn yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Ac mavymyuymcal` maevycr vgl`` oe l``ctei yc |ucye bcr ncre ygla <;% cb yge ycyl` vefurmy} cbberei bcr vl`e8
Yge omiimad tm`` oe glai`ei ygrcudg la uambcrn lai mayedrlyei luycnlyei v}vyen cb yge vycfh ewfgladev8
Yge c`une lai l`ue cb omi ly imbbereay {rmfev tm`` oe imv{`l}ei ca yge ncamycr tmygcuy mieaymb}mad yge omiier8
Yge mavymyuymcal` omiierv tm`` oe l``cyyei vglrev ca {rc.rlyl olvmv ly yge temdgyei lerlde {rmfe cb yge omiv ygly tcu`i ewgluvy yge ycyl` aunoer cb vefurmymev oemad mvvuei yc ygen8
[l}neay Nefglamvn cb Mavymyuymcal` Maevycr:
Mavymyuymcal` omiierv vgl`` ie{cvmy ?;% cb yge lncuay cb omi ma lilafe yc yge ievmdalyei olah lffcuay8 lai
yge revy 7;% vgl`` oe ie{cvmyei tmygma 5 Xbme^ tcrhmad il}v {rmcr yc yge ilye cb c{eamad vuovfrm{ymca bcr deaerl` {uo`mf!
Ma flve cb blm`ure yc ie{cvmy renlmamad lncuay 5;% cb omi ncae} ie{cvmyei o} ygen vgl`` oe bcrbemyei o} yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Ygere vgl`` oe l `cfh.ma cb <5 XBmbyeea^ yrlimad il}v brcn yge bmrvy yrlimad il} ca yge vefurmy} mvvuei yc yge e`mdmo`e mavymyuymcal` maevycr!
Vylde MM
[uo`mf cbber olvei ca {rmfe bcuai cuy ygrcudg Occh Oum`imad [rcfevv:
95
Nefglamvn cb imvyrmouymca cb Vglrev yc Deaerl` [uo`mf:
Deaerl` Maevycr, nuyul` buaiv lai A_Ov vgl`` ou} ly yge fuy.cbb {rmfe lv tlv bcuai cuy ygrcudg occh oum`imad {rcfevv ygrcudg Vylde M8
Fuy. cbb {rmfe nelav nelav yge `ctevy {rmfe cbberei cbberei o} yge omiierv ly tgmfg yge ycyl` mvvue mv ewgluvyei!
Mvvuer nl} mvvue vglre ly oe`ct fuy cbb {rmfe yc deaerl` maevycr tmyg yge l{{rcl` cb yge Fcnnmvvmca8
Deaerl` maevycr tm`` l{{`} ygrcudg olaher yc yge mvvue lai ma flve cb cer vuovfrm{ymca imvyrmouymca tm`` oe nlie ygrcudg `cyyer}!
Imvyrmouymca Nefglamvn cb Vglrev: Vmze cb Ycyl` Mvvue
E`mdmo`e Mavymyuymcal` Maevycrv” [crymca Yh! 6; yc Yh! 5; Frcre ?;% Cer 5; Frcre yc Yh! <;; 6;% Frcre Cer Yh! <;; Fr! yc Yh! 5;; 9;% Frcre Cer Yh! 5;; Frcre 5;%
Deaerl` [uo`mf Nuyul` Buai A_O [crymca [crymca <;% <;% 2;% cr ol`lafe lncuay <;% <;% 5;% cr ol`lafe lncuay
<;%
<;%
9;% cr ol`lafe lncuay
<;%
<;%
6;% cr ol`lafe lncuay
[rcolo`e Mn{lfy cb Occh Oum`imad Neygci ca Olad`lievgm Fl{myl` Nlrhey: [cvmyme Mn{lfyv
Dcci mvvuerv tcu`i oe eafcurldei yc rlmve buai brcn fl{myl` nlrhey8
Imbbereafe oeyteea mvvue {rmfe lai bmrvy il} yrlimad {rmfe tm`` oe alrrctei icta8
Yeaieaf} bcr c{eamad blhe OC lffcuayv tm`` oe reiufei8
Ygere tm`` oe l ol`lafe oeyteea yge ienlai bcr lai vu{{`} cb yge vefurmy} vmafe occh.oum`y {rmfe tm`` oe f`cve yc yge nlrhey {rmfe!
[rcolo`e Aedlyme Mn{lfyv
Mavymyuymcal` Maevycrv nl} yeai yc omi gmdger {rmfe imvredlrimad buailneayl`v cb yge fcn{la} ma ou``mvg nlrhey lai `cter {rmfe ma yge oelrmvg nlrhey8
_eylm` maevycrv nl} oe imvmaf`maei yc ou} vefurmy} ly gmdger {rmfe cb yge mvvue8
Vglrev nl} oe mvvuei ly {rmfe tgmfg mv ncre ygla yge rel` l`ue cb uaier`}mad lvveyv!
92
BFB maf`uvmca ma Bmwei [rmfe neygci mv l drctmad ienlai: Occh l`ue ‖ lrmcuv`} fl``ei vglregc`ier e|umy} lai aey tcryg ‖ mv orcli`} iebmaei lv ycyl` lvveyv nmauv ycyl` `mlom`mymev! Ygmv imbbereafe mv yge ewfevv l`ue l ouvmaevv glv deaerlyei ma myv `mbe! Geafe, occh l`ue nelvurev ca`} ca`} tgly l ouvmaevv glv icae, lai icev acy aefevvlrm`} gle oelrmad ca tgly my tm`` ic! Aey occh l`ue mv yge l`ue cb l bmrn”v e|umy} lv veea ygrcudg yge e}ev cb la lffcuaylay! Ma nlyure fcn{lamev lai maiuvyrmev, {lvy gmvycr} mv cbyea l vyrcad maimflycr cb buyure {erbcrnlafe8 ma vufg vmyulymcav, occh l`ue mv la ebbefyme ycc` bcr ieyernmamad l fcn{la}”v {reveay l`ue!
Aey occh l`ue lai cyger lffcuaymad.olvei l`ulymca neygciv vgcu`i oe uvei ca`} tgea ac cyger mabcrnlymca mv llm`lo`e! Oefluve ygeve neygciv lre olvei ca gmvycrmfl` fcvy ilyl, yge} gle `myy`e re`lymca yc furreay blmr nlrhey l`ue! Lvveyv fla oe tcryg ncre cr `evv ygla ygemr gmvycrmfl` fcvy ie{eaimad ca mab`lymca, covc`evfeafe, lffcuaymad neygciv, cr l gcvy cb cyger relvcav! Ma liimymca, yge occh l`ue cb ieoy icev acy fcavmier yge nlrhey relfymca yc fgladmad mayerevy rlyev, ieoy nlrheyv, cr yge furreay freimy |ul`my} cb yge fcn{la}!
Vcne ymnev l`ue mv ieyernmaei uvmad nu`ym{`ev! Ygmv l`ue mv deaerl``} ieyernmaei o} ewlnmamad nu`ym{`ev lvfrmoei yc vmnm`lr fcn{lamev cr o} ewlnmamad l ‐vylailri„ `cad yern ouvmaevv ncie` cb l fcn{la} cr maiuvyr}!
Ma ocyg flve, ctmad yc myv uam|ue ec`uymca lai }cuad lde, nla} bmrnv ic acy gle l `cad ouvmaevv gmvycr} cr l vey cb fcn{lrlo`e fcn{lamev brcn tgmfg yc irlt brcn! L `cad yern ‐vylailri„ ouvmaevv ncie` bcr yge fcn{la} mv l`vc imbbmfu`y yc lvferylma8 ly ygmv vylde, ac cae hactv mb l ?% reyura ca lvveyv, l ?;% reyura ca vl`ev, cr l <5% reyura ca aey {crybc`mc cuyvylaimad mv l{{rc{rmlye! Tmygcuy emyger ycc`, ieyernmamad yge l{{rc{rmlye nu`ym{`ev mv mn{cvvmo`e! Yge vmyulymca mv buryger fcn{`mflyei o} yge imbbereafev oeyteea bmrnv! Iue yc yge }cuyg cb yge maiuvyr}, l {`eygcrl cb ncie`v fcaymauev yc {ervmvy! Elfg ncie` glv imbbereay c{erlymad {rcbm`ev, imbbereay {rcbmy {cyeayml`v, lai flrrmev imbbereay rmvh!
94
L bet {erbefy`} `edmymnlye lffcuaymad lijuvyneayv fla ytelh elramadv yc nlaldeneay$v ie`mdgy, ouy ly yge eai cb yge il}, my$v yge flvg ygly$v `eby cer ygly fcuay! Ouvmaevvev ygly {rciufe gel`yg} lncuayv cb bree flvg b`ct fla oe l`uei tmyg l gmdger iedree cb ferylmay} lai nlrdma cb vlbey} ygla vmn{`} dcmad ca {rcbmyv!
La ebbefyme l{{rclfg nuvy ocyg oe bcrtlri `cchmad lai buafymca ma la enor}camf maiuvyr}! L l`ulymca l{{rclfg ygly neeyv ygeve re|umreneayv mv yge imvfcuayei flvg b`ct 'IFB- l`ulymca!
Bree Flvg B`ctv lre iebmaei lv flvg b`ctv ygly renlma lbyer te vuoyrlfy brcn ew{efyei reeauev la} ew{efyei c{erlymad fcvyv lai yge fl{myl` ew{eaimyurev aefevvlr} yc vuvylma, lai gc{ebu``} mn{rce, yge flvg b`ctv! Yge Bree Flvg B`ctv yc E|umy} 'BFBE- re{reveay yge bree flvg llm`lo`e yc yge e|umy} gc`ier cb yge fcn{la} lai mv dcci nelvure cb yge fcn{la}”v fl{lfmy} yc {l} immieaiv lai {rcmie fl{myl` dlmav c{{cryuamy} yc myv e|umy} maevycrv! Imv fcuayei BFBE, mv ygerebcre, mv l{{rc{rmlye tl} yc l`ue e|umy} cb l fcn{la} tgmfg mv ma myv mamyml` `mbe f}f`e vylde, icev acy yrlie ma {uo`mf lai vc blr glv acy {lmi immieaiv `mhe ncvy @mvyei fcn{lamev! Gcteer BFB, cr flvg b`ct brcn c{erlymcav `evv fl{myl` ew{eaimyurev, fla$y oe nlam{u`lyei ygrcudg lffcuaymad fgladev! _enenoer ygly yge l`ue cb la} ouvmaevv mv yge {reveay l`ue cb yge buyure flvg b`ctv cb yge ouvmaevv!
Yge lal`}vy nuvy `cch lffurlye`} blr mayc yge buyure! Imvfcuayei flvg b`ctv lre fcnnca`} uvei tgea l {rcjefy mv ycc uam|ue bcr fcn{lrmvca cr ygere lre ac ewmvymad flvg b`ctv yc tgmfg my fla oe fcn{lrei! L v{efml` flve cb yge IFB neygci mv yge ew{efyei l`ue neygci, tgere }cu rua nu`ym{`e {cvvmo`e vfealrmcv lai ygea nu`ym{`} elfg imvfcuayei l`ue o} yge {rcolom`my} cb myv vfealrmc cffurrmad! Ygmv {rcmiev la ew{efyei cr ‐rmvhei„ l`ue!
Yge vfealrmcv lai {rcolom`mymev nuvy maf`uie l`` {cvvmo`e cuyfcnev 'ma cyger tcriv, yge vun cb l`` cb yge {rcolom`mymev nuvy e|ul` <- Ew{efyei l`ue glv ncvy cb yge irltolfhv cb yge IFB neygci, ouy my l``ctv vcne rmvhv 'ygcve fcavmierei ew{`mfmy`} o} nuyul``} ewf`uvme vfealrmcv- yc oe liirevvei ncre imrefy`}! My mv uvebu` ma vmyulymcav tgere l imvfreye aunoer cb {cvvmo`e cuyfcnev gle tmie`} imbbermad flvg b`ctv! 97
Fcaf`uvmca
_edu`lycrv lre mayerevyei ma nefglamvnv ygly y gly blfm`mylye oeyyer buafymcamad M[C nlrheyv! Olad`lievg glv l re`lyme`} jueam`e fl{myl` nlrhey tmyg `ct fcrre`lymca tmyg iee`c{ei nlrheyv ma yge lilafei fcuayrmev! Ygly”v tg} yge nlrhey glv l gmvycr} cb uamayerru{yei c{erlymcav eea lfrcvv yge bmalafml` yurncm` lrcuai yge tcr`i lv cb `lye! Gmvycrmfl``}, yge ca`} l`yeralyme llm`lo`e bcr l bmrn fcayen{`lymad l {uo`mf mvvue tlv yc nlhe l bmwei {rmfe cbbermad! Yge bmrn dcmad {uo`mf tcu`i vey l {rmfe lai c{ea yge mvvue bcr vuovfrm{ymca! L``cflymcav tere nlie ca l vyrmfy`} {rc{crymcalye olvmv! Uaym` refeay`}, mvvuerv lai maevyneay olahv gli ac {rmfmad b`ewmom`my} oefluve mvvue {rmfev tere ebbefyme`} fcavyrlmaei yc lffcuaymad {lr l`ue cr yge lffcuaymad occh l`ue cb e|umy}!
_efeay`} Vefurmymev lai Ewfglade Fcnnmvvmca mv dcmad yc mayrciufe occh oum`imad neygci yc nlhe yge {rmfmad ncre ebbmfmeay! Ma {rmafm{`e, occh.oum`imad fla l`yer yge mafeaymev cb ocyg maevycrv lai maevyneay olahv {lrymfm{lymad ma yge M[C {rcfevv! Ygeve fgladev fla oe {cvmyme cr aedlyme! Imvfreymca ma l``cflymca dmev maevyneay olahv drelyer freimom`my} ma ewyrlfymad mabcrnlymca oefluve my cbberv maevycrv yge mafeayme yc eadlde ma ncre lddrevvme mabcrnlymca dlygermad {rmcr yc la mvvue! Ca yge cyger glai, imvfreymca fla l`vc cbber c{{cryuamymev bcr louve! Maevyneay olahv nl} uve yge b`ewmom`my} ma l``cflymca yc imv{eave blcrv ev{efml``} ma l nlrhey `mhe Olad`lie
9=
Vln{`e juidneay Fcebbmfmeayv'lZerc.crier
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RMB
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[lry 'venm.{lryml`- fcrre`lymca bcr _mvh mv yge vlne lv yge zerc.crier fcrre`lymca lai `myy`e `cter ygla yge {lryml` fcrre`lymca oefluve yge renlmamad lrmlo`ev glv er} `myy`e fcayrc`! Yc`erlafe lai RMB lre yevyv bcr nu`ymfc``maelrmy} 'cer`} gmdg fcrre`lymca lncad yge maie{eaieayv-, tgmfg mv zerc {rco`en gere oefluve RMB mv vurrcuaimad oeyteea < lai ? tgere yge fcnnca ru`e cb yguno ygly ca`} RMB19!; maimflyev l nu`ymfc``maelrmy} {rco`en! Fcebbmfmeay Fcrre`lymcav'l-
Fcrre`lymcav
_mvh
Mvvue Vmze 'na!<7;
Aey [rcbmy 'na!;;<
Lde cb yge Bmrn !<<6
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Lde cb yge Bmrn v{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcuNlrhey _eyura
Fclrmlafev
Ycyl` Lvvey 'na_mvh
Lde cb yge Bmrn v{cavcr$v vglre gc`imadv 'ygcuNlrhey _eyura
Ycyl` Lvvey !;;; !;;; 'nal Ie{eaieay Rlrmlo`e: Rlrmlo`e: _eyura ly Il} <
2<
_u`e cb yguno ygly nu`ymfc``maelrmy} nu`ymfc``maelrmy} ewmvyv mb l fcrre`lymca mv 1 !=; cr veerl` lre 1!4 ma yge fcrre`lymca nlyrmw bcrnei o} l`` yge maie{eaieayv mv juidei lai yge fcrre`lymca mv acy vubbermad brcn nu`ymfc``maelrmy}!
Fc``maelrmy} Imldacvymfv'l-
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M uvei Fcaimymca maimfev yc b`ld ewfevvme fc``maelrmy} ma yge ilyl! L fcaimymca maiew cer 6; vuddevyv vermcuv fc``maelrmy} {rco`env lai la maiew cer <5 maimflyev {cvvmo`e fc``maelrmy} {rco`env!
N} vln{`e”v Fcaimymca Maiew rladev brcn 5!=44 yc
2?
Yge bmdure loce fcabmrnv ygly ygmv ewln{`e glv ac fc``maelrmy} {rco`en vmafe ac fcaimymca maiew l{{rclfgev 6;, nlhmad my uaaefevvlr} yc ewlnmae lrmlafe {rc{crymcav! _evmiul`v Vylymvymfv'l-
Nmamnun 59!69
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[reimfyei Rl`ue _evmiul` Vyi! [reimfyei Rl`ue Vyi! _evmiul`
A 6?
Yge vln{`e uvei gere bmyv yge ncie` er} te`` lai ygere mv lr} `myy`e imbbereafe oeyteea yge coverei l`uev lai ygcve {reimfyei o} yge redrevvmca e|ulymca
26
_ebereafev
Nmfge``e @ctr}l, D! Tm``mln Vfgteryo, ?;;
Oelyy}, [! _! lai _myyer, _! J! '<=72-! Maevyneay Olahmad, _e{uylymca lai yge Uaier{rmfmad cb Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv! Jcural` cb Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv, Rc`! <5, {{! ?<6.?6?!
Flryer, _! lai Nlalvyer, V! '<==;-! Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv lai Uaiertrmyer
Drmao`lyy, N! lai Gtlad, F! ]! '<=7=-! Vmdal`mad lai yge [rmfmad cb Aet Mvvuev! Jcural` cb Bmalafe, Rc`! 99, Ac! ?, {{! 6=6.9?;!
@emv, N! '<==6-! Yge @cad _ua [erbcrnlafe cb Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv: Yge UH Ew{ermeafe <=7;.<=77! Bmalafml` Nlaldeneay, Rc`! ??, Ac! <, {{! ?7.9
Nldauvvca, N!L! lai T}imfh, O! '?;;?-! Gct Ebbmfmeay Lre Lbrmfl”v Enerdmad Vycfh Nlrheyv3 Jcural` cb Iee`c{neay Vyuiev, Rc`! 67, Ac! 9, {{! <9<.<52!
_eoer, O!8 Oerr}, O! lai Ycnv, V! '?;;5-! Bmrn revcurfev lai |ul`my} vmdal`mad: emieafe brcn UH mamyml` {uo`mf cbbermadv! L{{`mei Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv, Rc`! <5, Ac! 7, {{! 545.572!
_myyer, J! '<=79-! Vmdal`mad lai yge Rl`ulymca cb Uavelvcaei Aet Mvvuev: L Fcnneay! Jcural` cb Bmalafe, Rc`! 69, Ac! 9, {{!
_cfh, H! '<=72-! Tg} aet mvvuev lre uaier{rmfei! Jcural` cb Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv, Rc`! <5, {{! <74.?
Ymamf, V! '<=77-! Lalycn} cb Mamyml` [uo`mf Cbbermadv cb Fcnnca Vycfh! Jcural` cb Bmalafe, Rc`! 96, Ac! 9, {{! 47= ‖ 7??!
Ymynla, V! lai Yruenla, O! '<=72-! Mabcrnlymca \ul`my} lai yge Rl`ulymca cb Aet Mvvuev! Jcural` J cural` cb Lffcuaymad lai Efcacnmfv, Rc`! 7, {{! <5=.<4?!
29
Oeaeamvye, @!, V{maiy, [!, <=7=! Gct maevyneay olaherv ieyernmae yge cbber {rmfe lai l``cflymca cb aet mvvuev! Jcural` cb Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv ?9, 696‖ 62?!
N! @ctr}, D!T! Vfgtery # Jcural` cb Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv 4< '?;;9- 6‖?2 ?5
Orli`e}, I!, Jcrila, O!, ?;;?! [lryml` lijuvyneay yc {uo`mf mabcrnlymca lai M[C uaier{rmfmad! Jcural` cb Bmalafml` lai \ulaymylyme Lal`}vmv 64, 5=5‖2<2!
Flryer, _!, Nlalvyer, V!, <==;! Mamyml` {uo`mf cbbermadv lai uaiertrmyer re{uylymca! Jcural` cb Bmalafe 95, <;95‖<;27!
Ilame`, H!, ?;;?! Imvfuvvmca cb ‗Tg} ica”y mvvuerv dey u{vey locuy `elmad ncae} ca yge ylo`e ma M[CV3”_emet cb Bmalafml` Vyuimev <5, 995‖959!
Moocyvca, _!, <=45! [rmfe {erbcrnlafe cb fcnnca vycfh aet mvv uev! Jcural` cb Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv ?, ?65‖?4?!
Moocyvca, _!, Vmaie`lr, J!, _myyer, J!, <==9! Yge nlrhey”v {rco`env tmyg yge {rmfmadcb mamyml` {uo`mf cbbermadv! Jcural` cb L{{`mei Fcr{crlye Bmalafe,22‖49!
@juad|mvy, L!, Tm`ge`n, T!, ?;;?! M[C l``cflymcav: imvfrmnmalycr} cr imvfreymcalr}3 Jcural` cb Bmalafml` Efcacnmfv 25, <24‖?;
@cudgrla, Y!, _myyer, J!, ?;;?l! Tg} ica”y mvvuerv dey u{vey locuy `elmad ncae} ca yge ylo`e ma M[CV3
_myyer, J!, Te`fg, M!, ?;;;! L remet cb M[C lfymmy}, {rmfmad, lai l``cflymcav! Jcural` cb Bmalafe 54, <4=5‖<7?7!
Jmad, [lideyy, ?;;? ! Vgcry rua uaier{rmfmad lai myv fglrlfyermvymfv ma Fgmaeve M[C nlrheyv!
25
