Hidrologia Para El Diseño de Presas

INDICE: HIDROLOGIA PARA EL DISEÑO DE PRESAS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. . $. %. (.

INTRODUCCION ………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………. TECNICAS TECNICAS PARA MEDICI MEDICION ON Y DETERMINAC DETERMINACION ION DE CAUDALES CAUDALES ……………… ………………………… ……………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………… …… REGIMEN REGIMEN HIDRAULICO HIDRAULICO DE UN RIO…………… RIO……………………… ……………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………. …………. CARACTERIZA CARACTERIZACION CION Y DETERMI DETERMINACION NACION DE CAUDAL CAUDALES ES MEDIOS MEDIOS,, MINIMOS MINIMOS Y MAXIMOS MAXIMOS……………… …………………… …… DETERMINACI DETERMINACION ON DE CAUDAL CAUDALES ES DE CRECIDA, CRECIDA, TECNIC TECNICAS AS ESTADIST ESTADISTICAS, ICAS, DATOS Y EJEMPLOS EJEMPLOS…… …… HIDROGRAMA HIDROGRAMA DE DE CRECIDA, CRECIDA, TECNICAS TECNICAS PARA PARA SU O!TENCIO O!TENCION, N, CALCULO CALCULO O DETERMINAC DETERMINACION. ION. "HIDROGRAMAS UNITARIOS, HIDROGRAMAS HIDROGRAMAS SINTETICOS.# DIAGR IAGRAM AMA A DE DE RI RIPPL PPL O&ERTA O&ERTA DE AGUA AGUA DEL RIO EN EN EL SITIO SITIO DE PRESA, PRESA, 'OLUMEN 'OLUMEN DE DE DEMANDA. DEMANDA. DETERMINA DETERMINACION CION DEL DEL 'OLUMEN UTIL DE EM!ALSE, TECNICAS DE GESTION DE 'OLUMENES DE EM!ALSE. TRANSI TRANSITO TO DE A'ENID A'ENIDAS AS POR EL EM!ALS EM!ALSE E

INDICE: ESTA!ILIDAD DE PRESA DE TIERRA 1. 2.

3. 4.

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INTRODUCCION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………. CLASI&ICAC CLASI&ICACION ION DE CORTIN CORTINAS AS Y TIPOS TIPOS DE SECCION SECCION EN PRESAS DE TIERRA TIERRA Y ENROCAMIE ENROCAMIENTO NTO 2.1. PRESAS DE RELLEN RELLENO O HIDRAULI HIDRAULICO CO 2.2. PRESAS DE MATERIAL MATERIALES ES COMPACTADOS COMPACTADOS 2.3. 2.3. TIPOS TIPOS DE SECC SECCION ION ESTUDIOS ESTUDIOS !ASICOS……… !ASICOS…………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………. …. 3.1. PRINCIPIOS PRINCIPIOS DE DISEÑO DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIO CONSTRUCCION N DE PRESAS DE TIERRA TIERRA NOCION NOCIONES ES PRELIM PRELIMINAR INARES ES PARA PARA LA ESTA!ILI ESTA!ILIZAC ZACION ION DE TALUDE TALUDES S 4.1. CLASI&ICAC CLASI&ICACION ION DE LOS MATERIAL MATERIALES ES 4.2. RELACIONES RELACIONES 'OLUMETRIC 'OLUMETRICAS AS Y GRA'IMETRIC GRA'IMETRICAS AS 4.3. SISTEMAS SISTEMAS DE CLASI&ICAC CLASI&ICACION ION DE SUELOS SUELOS 4.4. CLASI&ICAC CLASI&ICACION ION DE MATERIALES MATERIALES GRUESOS GRUESOS 4.5. CLASI&ICAC CLASI&ICACION ION DE MATERIALES MATERIALES &INOS &INOS NALI NALISI SIS S DE EST ESTA! A!IL ILID IDAD AD DE DE TALU TALUDE DES S 5.1. CAUSAS CAUSAS DE &ALLA &ALLA EN PRESAS PRESAS DE TIERRA Y ENROCAD ENROCADO O 5.2. 5.2. TU!I&I TU!I&ICAC CACION ION 5.3. &ALLAS &ALLAS POR POR AGRIETAMIE AGRIETAMIENTO NTO 5.4. &ALLAS &ALLAS POR POR LICUAC LICUACION ION 5.5. DESLIZAMIE DESLIZAMIENTO NTO DE TALUDES TALUDES 5.. &ALLAS &ALLAS POR MATERIALES MATERIALES MUY PERMEA!L PERMEA!LES ES 5.$. METODO SEUECO SEUECO PARA EL ANALISIS DE ESTA!ILIDAD DE TALUDES EJEMPLO EJEMPLO DE CALCU CALCULO LO DE ESTA!ILI ESTA!ILIDAD DAD DE UN UN TALUD EN PRESAS PRESAS DE TIERRA TIERRA Y ENROCAM ENROCAMIENTO IENTO RECOMENDACI RECOMENDACIONES ONES GENERAL GENERALES ES PARA PARA LA ESTA!ILI ESTA!ILIZACION ZACION DE LAS LAS PRESAS PRESAS DE TIERRA TIERRA Y ENROCAMIENTO CONCLUSIONES NES. RE&ERENCIAS

UNI'. ERIC) CANA'IRI

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INTRODUCCION

L+ -/00+  + 6-76-+ 7+89/+ 9 89-+ 89-+ + +9+, 9 069//76-+, 6-/69+6-;7 6-/69+6-;7 < -8/-=96-;7 7 + 9>/?-6- 8//8/, 9 >/0>-+ 9@-6+ < ?-6+ < 9 /+6-;7 607  @-0 +@=-78, -769<70 -769<70 + 0 / -0. B"R?/76-+ 1.1# A6>8+70 8+ ?-7-6-;7,  76+/-0 -@-8+/ + >+/8  + -/00+ 9  89-+ 7 + -77-/+ + 97+ /+@+ 9 60@7@78  +@+ -77-/+ -/0;-6+ 0 -/00+ +>-6++ 9 -769< +9+ >+/8  6+@>0  + -/00+ 9 +8+7 + -0 < 0>/+6-;7  >/0<680  -77-/+ >+/+  6078/0 < +>/06+@-780 +>/06+@-780  +9+. E -77 -77-/ -/00 9 9  069>+ 069>+  >/0< >/0<68+ 68+/, /, 6078/ 6078/99-// 0 9>/ 9>/-+ -+//  ?976-0 ?976-07+@ 7+@-7 -780 80  -78++6-07 H-/F9 H-/F9-6 -6+ + = = /0 /0/ / 79@/0 79@/00 0 >/0= >/0=@+ @+ >/F68>/F68-60 60  @9< +/-+ +/-+00 6+/F68 6+/F68/. /. P0/ @>0,  76978/+ 607 + 76-+  -+/ >978, 8/9689/+ >+/+  6078/0  +7-+, >/+, /80/, -8@+  /7+ >+/+ >0=+6-07, 6+//8/+ < +/0>-8+ < -8@+ -8@+  +=+86-@ +=+86-@-78 -7800  +9+. +9+. S-7 6>6-; 6>6-;7, 7, 80 80 -0 -0 /9-/ /9-/77  +7F-- +7F-- -/0;-60 69+78-8+8-0 >+/+ + 66-;7  780  -0 76+/-0. O!JETI'O.

E 0=8-0  + -/00+ +>-6++  + 8/@-7+6-;7  0 780, 9 07 +7F00 + + 6+/+  -0 7  +7F-- 8/9689/+, >0/ >07/ 97 @>0  + -77-/+ 6--. L0 /98+0 07 70/@+@78 ;0 8-@+6-07, 607 +>/0-@+6-;7 -@-8++ 7 @960 6+0 < =9/+ 7 +970 08/0. S-7 @=+/0, 8+ 8-@+6-07 /+/+ J 07 @70 +>/0-@++ 9 + 6+/+ U++ 7  +7F-- 8/9689/+ 0  09@7  8/F?-60 7 6+//8/+, >0/ @>0. E +7F-- -/0;-60 +98-0 , >9,  >/-@/ >+0 ?97+@78+ 2.

TECNIC TEC NICAS AS PARA PARA MEDICIO MEDICION N Y DETERM DETERMINA INACIO CION N DE CAUDA CAUDALES LES

E-87 79@/00 >/06-@-780 >/06-@-780 "@800# >+/+ +/ + 6+=0 + @-6-;7  6+9+ L+ +>-6+6-;7  97 @800 70  97-/+, 6++ @800 8-7 9 6+@>0  +>-6+6-;7 =-7 ?-7-0 P0/ @>0:  "?08+0/#  "600/+78#  "@0-78# " 9->0  98/+07-0 0 68/0@+78-60# •

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INTRODUCCION

L+ -/00+  + 6-76-+ 7+89/+ 9 89-+ 89-+ + +9+, 9 069//76-+, 6-/69+6-;7 6-/69+6-;7 < -8/-=96-;7 7 + 9>/?-6- 8//8/, 9 >/0>-+ 9@-6+ < ?-6+ < 9 /+6-;7 607  @-0 +@=-78, -769<70 -769<70 + 0 / -0. B"R?/76-+ 1.1# A6>8+70 8+ ?-7-6-;7,  76+/-0 -@-8+/ + >+/8  + -/00+ 9  89-+ 7 + -77-/+ + 97+ /+@+ 9 60@7@78  +@+ -77-/+ -/0;-6+ 0 -/00+ +>-6++ 9 -769< +9+ >+/8  6+@>0  + -/00+ 9 +8+7 + -0 < 0>/+6-;7  >/0<680  -77-/+ >+/+  6078/0 < +>/06+@-780 +>/06+@-780  +9+. E -77 -77-/ -/00 9 9  069>+ 069>+  >/0< >/0<68+ 68+/, /, 6078/ 6078/99-// 0 9>/ 9>/-+ -+//  ?976-0 ?976-07+@ 7+@-7 -780 80  -78++6-07 H-/F9 H-/F9-6 -6+ + = = /0 /0/ / 79@/0 79@/00 0 >/0= >/0=@+ @+ >/F68>/F68-60 60  @9< +/-+ +/-+00 6+/F68 6+/F68/. /. P0/ @>0,  76978/+ 607 + 76-+  -+/ >978, 8/9689/+ >+/+  6078/0  +7-+, >/+, /80/, -8@+  /7+ >+/+ >0=+6-07, 6+//8/+ < +/0>-8+ < -8@+ -8@+  +=+86-@ +=+86-@-78 -7800  +9+. +9+. S-7 6>6-; 6>6-;7, 7, 80 80 -0 -0 /9-/ /9-/77  +7F-- +7F-- -/0;-60 69+78-8+8-0 >+/+ + 66-;7  780  -0 76+/-0. O!JETI'O.

E 0=8-0  + -/00+ +>-6++  + 8/@-7+6-;7  0 780, 9 07 +7F00 + + 6+/+  -0 7  +7F-- 8/9689/+, >0/ >07/ 97 @>0  + -77-/+ 6--. L0 /98+0 07 70/@+@78 ;0 8-@+6-07, 607 +>/0-@+6-;7 -@-8++ 7 @960 6+0 < =9/+ 7 +970 08/0. S-7 @=+/0, 8+ 8-@+6-07 /+/+ J 07 @70 +>/0-@++ 9 + 6+/+ U++ 7  +7F-- 8/9689/+ 0  09@7  8/F?-60 7 6+//8/+, >0/ @>0. E +7F-- -/0;-60 +98-0 , >9,  >/-@/ >+0 ?97+@78+ 2.

TECNIC TEC NICAS AS PARA PARA MEDICIO MEDICION N Y DETERM DETERMINA INACIO CION N DE CAUDA CAUDALES LES

E-87 79@/00 >/06-@-780 >/06-@-780 "@800# >+/+ +/ + 6+=0 + @-6-;7  6+9+ L+ +>-6+6-;7  97 @800 70  97-/+, 6++ @800 8-7 9 6+@>0  +>-6+6-;7 =-7 ?-7-0 P0/ @>0:  "?08+0/#  "600/+78#  "@0-78# " 9->0  98/+07-0 0 68/0@+78-60# •

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+< 9 87/ >/78 9 7 + 66-07  6+7+ + 06-+ +/-+ 7 >/0?97-+, 70  6078+78  +9@ 9 + "# @-+  76978/+ + 97+ >/0?97-+  K,  + >/0?97-+ 808+ + "# 9>/?-6-+  @+<0/ 9 + "# @-+ + "# 7  ?070 0 7 + 0/-+  @70/


9

S66-;7  -8-0  +?0/0: •

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0 @F /680 >0-= 0 @F 0@070 -7 78/++ 0 +-+ 6/6+7+  ?F6- +660 70 980 + -@78+6-;7 0 /0-;7 ?9/8

E F/+  + 66-;7 7 + >/F68-6+  97 8/+=+0 @+79+ 607  90  //+@-78+ 0 9->0 +78+/ + 66-;7  +?0/0: 8+6+ < 0+, 6-78+  600/ 6-78+ @8/-6+, @+7+//-+ @-6-;7  +760 -78-?-6+6-;7  /8-6+ @-6-;7  >/0?97-+ 6F690  F/+ M800 F/+06-+ "?08+0/#, ++/ + 06-+, 7 8 6+0 + 9>/?-6-+ •

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@-/ 97+ -8+76-+  970 2K5K @8/0 9 >/78 --=--+ 0 @+ /68+ >0-= 7 8 6+0 97+ >/07+ +/+  ?08+0/ + + 60//-78 @-78/+ 08/0 +6 + + + >/07+ +9+ +=+0 >+/+ +66-07+/  6/070@8/0 +9+ +=+0, 7 + 66-07,  8/@-7+  8-@>0  >+0  0 ?08+0/ + @-6-07  +6 +/-+ 6 <  6+69+ 97 "8># @-0

M800 F/+06-+ "600/+78# •

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800  -9+, >/0 +0/+  ++ + + 60//-78 97 =+ 607 97+ 096-07 607678/++  600/+78 7 8 6+0 "#  /?/-0 + +80 /+ = +=/ 97+ =97+ 607-6-07  @J6+ +9+ +=+0  8/+@0

M800 F/+06-+ "@0-78# •

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 >+/8  +78+@-780  + 66-07  +?0/0  80@+ 7 6++ /8-6+ + />98+  9->0 "6+- -@>/ 070/+# 7 97 -78/+0  8-@>0


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8+ 689/+  + + "# 607 + 8+=+ 0 ?0/@9+  @0-78 "6++ 9->0 8-7 9 >/0>-+ 6+-=/+6-07# 0 6+690 07 +0 60@>-6+0 <  8-77 -/+ /+ < @800 >+/+ 60//-78 >9+  @- + + >/0?97-+  K. + >/0?97-+ 808+  + /8-6+ >+/+ 87/ + "# @-+  6++ 9=66-07  >/06-@-780 @+ 76-0 :  "9=66-;7#  +760 "<1<2#2"12#2 "808+#  ∑ "9=66-07# 0 + + 9@+80/-+  0 +80  + 9=66-07

E +?0/0 9-@-60  >9 +/ + 6+=0 >0/ 0 @800: •

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+-6-07  97 600/+78 7 ?0/@+ -78+78+7+ +-6-07  97 600/+78 7 ?0/@+ 6078-79+

E +?0/0  +6+78+/-+0 >9 +/ + 6+=0 >0/ 0 @800 -9-78: •

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+>-6+70 @-6-07 < 69+6-07 +/+06-+ 607 600/+78 +?0/0 9-@-60 607 +-6-07  600/+78 7 ?0/@+ 6078-79+ 08/0 @800  +?0/0  6+7+  >90 +80 07:

M-+78 0=/+ -/0@8/-6+  6+-=/+6-;7 +@++ B/80/Q •

0 @+ 99+ 07 0 /68+79+/ < 0 8/-+79+/

 +?0/0 9-@-60 + +-6-07 6078+78  98- >+/+ +9+ /-9+ 0 +//0<0  6+9+ >90 0 @-+70  =++ 7 + +-6-07  97 60@>980 9-@-60 +>/0>-+0  69+  >9+ @-/ 7  +=0/+80/-0 607 +8+ 7-=--+  98--J+7 600/+78 60@0 + /0+@-7+ >+/+ +80 >90  >9 +?0/+/ 98--J+70 + 60@97 < 97 607968-@8/0  9->+@-780  76-0 <  >9 +/ + 6+=0 -7 @96+ -?-698+ + 69+6-;7  @J6+  + -9-78: 6 "@-0 +9+ +=+0#  "61  1#  " 62  2#  "1  2# D07:


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61 607678/+6-;7  8/+J+0/ ++-0. 1 6+9+  8/+J+0/ ++-0. 62 607678/+6-;7  7- =+  8/+J+0/ 7 + 60//-78. 2 6+9+  + 60//-78 9 9/@0 60706/. 0-?-6+0/ + 6+/+ 6078+78  >/-76->-0 ?-60  0-?-6+0/  76-0 B97 0/-?-6-0 9@/-0 + 97+ +89/+ "# 7  70  97 -9-0 78/+/F 97 6+9+ >/0>0/6-07+ + 9 -F@8/0 < +89/+ "#Q, +70 + 97 +0 + 60//66-07  7-+, 8@>/+89/+ < -60-+ 9 70 @08+/+7 + /+-J+/ -@>/ 97+ 6+-=/+6-;7 +78  9 90.+ @-6-07  6+9+ >0/  @800  +-6-07 -78+78+7+  98--J+ 69+700 6+9+ 07 +0, <+ 9 70  >0-= +-6-07+/ 7 ?0/@+ 6078+78 97+ /+7 6+78-+  >/09680 +9  76+/-0 >+/ < -9-/ 97+ 6+78-+  >/09680 < +-6-07+/+ + + 60//-78  ?0/@+ -78+78F7+ +>/06+70 97+ 607-6-07  =97+ @J6+  80@+7 + @98/+ +9+ +=+0 + -78/+0  8-@>0 ?-7-0 <  +7 + +=0/+80/-0 >+/+ 8/@-7+/ 9 607678/+6-07 + ?0/@+  /+?-60  607678/+6-07 6078/+ 8-@>0 70 +/+ 97+ 6+/+ -+  8->0  60@>0/8+@-780, 07 7 + /+-+ 7976+  87/+ 97+ />98+  ?90 + >-807 + ?0/@9+  6+690  + -9-78:


1 2

140 120 100 80

CONCENTRACION (MG/L)

60 40 20 0

TIEMPO (HORAS)

0 6+690 70 07 -?-69800 <  >9 >/>+/+/ 97+ 0+  6+690 7 6 >+/+ 0=87/  +0/  6+9+ < 08/+ -7?0/@+6-07 -/+9-6+  98--+ S >/78+  >/06-@-780  6F690 >+/+ 8-@+/  6+9+ @F-@0 <  09@7  69//-@-780  + +7-+ 8/+0/-7+/-+ 60//>07-78 + 780 8/@0 +79+ 607 -78/+0  /69//76-+ >/0@-0 @+<0/ + 2 +0 < + 6976+  +>0/8 607 F/+ @70/ + 1KKK @2 < 8-@>0  607678/+6-;7 @70/ +  0/+. P+/+ 97+ 6976+ @+<0/,  + = 9=---/ 7 9=6976+, < 607-/+/  8/F7-80 7 + @-@+. Tiempo de concentración

A >+/8-/  + 6+/8+ 7 + 9  -@-8; + 6976+  8/@-7+  6+96 >/-76->+, 60@0  6+96 9 97  >9780  +-+  + 6976+ 607  >9780  >+/8 +9+ @F ++0 7  8-@>0.


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3.

REGIMEN HIDRAULICO DE UN RIO


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4. 5. .

CARACTERIZACION Y DETERMINACION DE CAUDALES MEDIOS, MINIMOS Y MAXIMOS DETERMINACION DE CAUDALES DE CRECIDA, TECNICAS ESTADISTICAS, DATOS Y EJEMPLOS HIDROGRAMA DE CRECIDA, TECNICAS PARA SU O!TENCION, CALCULO O DETERMINACION. "HIDROGRAMAS UNITARIOS, HIDROGRAMAS SINTETICOS.#

E 6F690  H-/0/+@+  C/6-+  /+-J+ + >+/8-/  -/0/+@+ 97-8+/-0  9/+6-;7 -9+ + -78/+0  8-@>0  + 80/@78+  -0 >+/+ + 6976+  +>0/8, @>+70  @800  H-/0/+@+ U7-8+/-0 T/-+79+/  NRCS. E H-/0/+@+ U7-8+/-0 607-8 7 97 8/-F790 9 >0 + ?0/@+ -7-6++ 7 + &-9/+ C.2.

A 6078-79+6-;7 +>-6+70 + >/0>-+  -7+-+ < 9>/>0-6-;7,  = @98->-6+/  H-/0/+@+ U7-8+/-0 0=87-0 >0/ 6++ I76/@780  69//-@-780 "C09@7+ $  + T+=+ UNI'. ERIC) CANA'IRI

2 2

C.2# < 9@+/ -60 -/0/+@+ ?+F700 7  8-@>0. D 8+ @+7/+  0=8-7 97 H-/0/+@+ 60//>07-78 + + 80/@78+  -0 69<+ -78/+ 7  8-@>0  -9+ + 09@7 69//-0 7 -6+ 80/@78+ "'09@7 69//-0 7  F/+  + 6976+#. $.

DIAGRAMA DE RIPPL


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O&ERTA DE AGUA DEL RIO EN EL SITIO DE PRESA, 'OLUMEN DE DEMANDA. DETERMINACION DEL 'OLUMEN UTIL DE EM!ALSE, TECNICAS DE GESTION DE 'OLUMENES DE EM!ALSE.

D++ + 80>0/+?+  9+/ 66-07+0 >+/+ + >/+  >97 +7+-J+/ +/-+ 60@=-7+6-07  608+  60@-7J0  /8-0 <  80@+  +9+  09@7  +@+67+@-780   09@7 60787-0 7  @=+ 78/ -60 7-  09@7 ;>8-@0  +@+67+@-780 7 


2 5

@=+ >7  /+0  +8-?+66-;7  + @+7+, 9  +7+-J+ 8+8-6+@78 + 8/+  97 =++76 /-60 @79+ 9/+78 97 >/00 8/@-7+0. E /+0  +8-?+66-;7  + @+7+  /+-J+ + 8/+  =++76 /-60 @79+ 7  @=+ -60 =++76 6078@>+ 0 -7/0 < +-+  +9+, 80@+70 60@0 09@7  6078/0  @=+, < 8/@-7+70 + +/-+6-;7  09@7 +@+67+0 <  +9+ 9 /+@78  ->07 >+/+ +8-?+6/ -6+ @+7+. C0706-+ + 0@8/+  @=+ < + @+7+, 7 + 69+6-;7  =++76  76+/-0 8-@+/  09@7  60//78+  +>0/8  + 6976+ < + >/6->-8+6-;7 < +>0/+6-;7 7  @=+. PARA DETERMINAR EL 'OLUMEN TIL DE LA CUENCA , -87 +/-0 @800, >/0 7 798/0 6+0 +//0+/@0  @00 P/6->-8+6-;7  69//-@-780 @79+  T@J "1($$# D+80 76+/-0 >+/+ + +>-6+6-;7  @00 P+/+ + +>-6+6-;7  @00 7 97+ 6976+ 8/@-7++  76+/-0 ->07/  0 -9-78 +80: PRECIPITACIN MENSUAL.

S = ->07/ + /- -8;/-6+  >/6->-8+6-07 +69@9++ @79+  >9-;@8/0 @F 6/6+70 + + 6976+ <  /60@-7+ 97 >/00  3K +0  0 /-8/0 @F /6-78. + -7+G9+ -760/>0/; 8+ -7?0/@+6-;7 7/++ >0/ + -/66-;7 7+6-07+  @80/00+ 7  +/6-0 9 60@>@78+ 8 @+79+ < 9 8F ->07-= 7 -78/78. P- : P/6->-8+6-;7 7 + 6976+ "@@@# REA DE LA CUENCA DE APORTE.

A >+/8-/  + 6+/8+ 1:5K.KKK 0 1:25.KKK  -@-8+ + 6976+  +>0/8 <  8/@-7+ 9 9>/?-6-: AC : S9>/?-6-  + 6976+  +>0/8 "+# N;8 9  -@-8+ + + F/+  +>0/8  + 6976+ 69+70 70  8-77 +/6-0 7 ?0/@+80 --8+ 0 6+/80/+?+ 7 ?0/@+80 <+ 9 >+/+ >/0/+@+ 60@0 A9806+ < 08/0 00 =+8+ 97 60@+70 >+/+ 60706/  F/+

AGUA DISPONI!LE

S 6+69+ + 6+78-+  +9+ ->07-=  0 90  + 6976+ >07/+70 >0/ + />68-+ F/+ 069>++  6++ 97-+ C+/80/F?-6+  90, 708 9 8 >/06-@-780  9+ 69+70 70  6978+ 607 +/6-0 0 6+/80/+?+ 7 ?0/@+80 <+ 9 >+/+ >/0/+@+ 60@0 A9806+ < 08/0 00 =+8+ 97 60@+70 >+/+ 60706/  F/+ UNI'. ERIC) CANA'IRI

2 6

L+ U7-+ C+/80/F?-6+  0 S90 = / 60706-+ >+/+ +>-6+/ 8 @800 CICLO ANUAL MEDIO DE E'APOTRANSPIRACIN POTENCIAL

E 6-60 +79+ @-0  +>08/+7>-/+6-;7 >0876-+  6+69+ + >+/8-/  @+>+ <  8/@-7+: 8P@ : +>08/+7>-/+6-;7 @-+ @79+ "@@@# A >+/8-/  0 60?-6-78  -8/-=96-;7  6-60 +79+ @-0 9  0=8-7  @+>+ < @98->-6+70 -60 +0/ >0/ 8P@  0=8-7  6-60 +79+ @-0  +>08/+7>-/+6-;7 POTENCIAL PARA ESA LOCALIZACIN:

8P- : C-60 +79+ @-0  +>08/+7>-/+6-;7 >0876-+ "@@@#


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TRANSITO DE A'ENIDAS POR EL EM!ALSE


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1.

INTRODUCCION

E7 -77-/+  70@-7+ >/+ 0 />/+ + 97+ =+///+ ?+=/-6++ 607 >-/+, 0/@-;7 0 @+8/-+ 980, 9  6078/9< +=-89+@78 7 97+ 6//++ 0 ?-+/0 0=/ 97 /0 0 +//0<0. T-7 + ?-7+-+  @=++/  +9+ 7  6+96 ?9-+ >+/+ 9 >08/-0/ +>/06+@-780 7 +=+86-@-780 0 /+0, >+/+ +/ 9 7- 607  0=8-0  /-+/+ + 6+7+-J+6-07  /-0, >+/+ +@-7+6-;7  +7-+ "-8+/ -797+6-07 +9+ +=+0  + >/+# 0 >+/+ + >/0966-;7  7/+ @6F7-6+ + 8/+7?0/@+/ + 7/+ >0876-+  +@+67+@-780 7 7/+ 6-78-6+ < 8+ 79+@78 7 @6F7-6+ + +66-07+/ + ?9/J+  +9+ 97 @780 @;-. L+ 7/+ @6F7-6+ >9 +>/06+/ -/68+@78, 60@0 7 0 +78-90 @0-70, 0  ?0/@+ -7-/68+ >+/+ >/096-/ 7/+ 68/-6+, 60@0  +6 7 + 678/+ -/068/-6+. PRESA DE TIERRA

L+ >/+  8-//+ 07 >/+  /++ 7 + 9 @+8/-+ >/0-80 >0/ + 7+89/+J+ 70 9?/7 7-77 >/060 9@-60  8/+7?0/@+6-;7, -70 8/+8+0 < 6006+0 @-+78 >/06-@-780  60@>+68+6-;7 >/0>-0  + @6F7-6+  90. E7 9 60@>0-6-;7 -78/-77, >-/+, /++, +/7+, -@0 < +/6-+, -70 70@-7++ 60@0 >/+  60/+ 69+70 @F  5K V  @+8/-+ 8F 60@>980 >0/ >-/+ < >/+  8-//+ 69+70 07 @+8/-+  /+790@8/+ @F >9+.

C9+70 800  @+8/-+ 9 60@>077 + >/+  @+8/-+ 980 8-7 + @-@+ 6+/+68/8-6+,  70@-7+7 0@07+, >9-70 8/+8+/  @+8/-+ @F 0 @70 UNI'. ERIC) CANA'IRI

3 8

-@>/@+=. O =-7 >97 / 8/07+, 9 07 + @F 60@97, 69+70  6006+7 -?/78 @+8/-+ J07-?-6+0, 607 760 -@>/@+= < @+8/-+ @F >/@+= + @-+ 9 70 ++@0  678/0  + >/+. L+ -@>/@+=--+ >9 0/+/ 8+@=-7 @-+78 >+78++ 0 -+?/+@+. E8+ +/-+78 >97 >/78+/ @-+78 607?-9/+6-07 9  -78/7 607 -8-78+ >+/8-6->+6-07  + -/+ 6+/+68/8-6+ @76-07++. L+ >/+  @+8/-+ 980 70 0>0/8+7 / 0=/>+++ >0/ 97+ 6/6-+. P0/ 0  76+/-0, =+F70 7  60706-@-780  60@>0/8+@-780 -8;/-60  /0, ?689+/ 97+ >/-66-;7  + ?0/@+ 7 9  =/F 0>/+/  @=+ ?0/@+0, >+/+ -8+/ 9 7 80+ + -+  + 0=/+ + 0=/>+++ >0/ 7-797+ 6/6-+. 1.1.1.

O!JETI'OS

L+ 6078/966-;7  + >/+ 8-7 60@0 0=8-0 >/-76->+ +@+67+/, 60@0 97+ >6-  >;-80 9 >/@-8+ 9@-7-8/+/  +9+ 7 8-@>0  6+J < + 69@>-/ 607 + 76-+  + >0=+6-;7 'ENTAJAS Y DES'ENTAJAS DE LAS PRESAS

'78++: L+ 6078/966-;7  @6+7-J++ < 6078-79+ L0 6080  8//+>7 9=7 @F 78+@78 9 0  6076/80 !-7 -++  >9 +98+/ + 97 +>/6-+= /+0  9/-+  =97 +78+@-780 W ?0/@+6-;7 D78++ M9< 97/+= >0/ 0=//8-0 H+< 9 +/+78-J+/ /+6 >+/+ 6/6-+ '/8/0 9?-6-78 '/8/0 >+/+0 '97/+= + + ?-8/+6-;7, /0-;7 -78/7+ 7 + >/+ 0 ?97+6-;7 R9-/  97 @+787-@-780 6078-790 A6 70  76978/+  @+8/-+ +0


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2.

CLASI&ICACION DE CORTINAS Y TIPOS DE SECCION EN PRESAS DE TIERRA Y ENROCAMIENTO

2.1. PRESAS DE RELLENO HIDRAULICO

2.2. PRESAS DE MATERIALES COMPACTADOS 2.3. TIPOS DE SECCION 3. ESTUDIOS !ASICOS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.1. PRINCIPIOS DE DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION DE PRESAS DE TIERRA 4. NOCIONES PRELIMINARES PARA LA ESTA!ILIZACION DE TALUDES 4.1. CLASI&ICACION DE LOS MATERIALES 4.2. RELACIONES 'OLUMETRICAS Y GRA'IMETRICAS 4.3. SISTEMAS DE CLASI&ICACION DE SUELOS 4.4. CLASI&ICACION DE MATERIALES GRUESOS 4.5. CLASI&ICACION DE MATERIALES &INOS 5. NALISIS DE ESTA!ILIDAD DE TALUDES 5.1. CAUSAS DE &ALLA EN PRESAS DE TIERRA Y ENROCADO 5.2. TU!I&ICACION 5.3. &ALLAS POR AGRIETAMIENTO

L0 6;-0 8/9689/+ +689+ -769<7 >/06-@-780 >+/+ 607-/+/, 7  -@7-07+ 0  + 8/9689/+  0/@-;7, + +66-07 8/+0/-7+/-+ 9 8/@-7++ 6+8F8/0? 7 +89/+ 607+7 < +6/ ?/78 + + @-@+ -7 60+>+/ D-6+ +66-07 8/+0/-7+/-+ 07, >0/ @>0: W+ +66-;7 @-6+ =-+ + 8//@080 W+ +66-;7  + 6/6-+ 7 0 6+9+  0 /0 < +  0 0=80 9 +//+8/+7 UNI'. ERIC) CANA'IRI

4 0

< =/F7 / +@>-++ >+/+ /?+/ 08/+ 6-/6978+76-+ 0=/ + 9+ 06-+  + 6076 -76-+0 /6-78@78, >0/ @>0: W ?680  + -7+-;7  8//-80/-0 >0/ 0+ >/096-+ >0/ @+/@080 W9/+6+7 < 80/7+0 @F +8+0/ W6+8F8/0? 7 678/+ 796+/ E 0=8-0  0?/6/ + + 06-+ 6078/966-07 9/+ ?/78 + 80+ 8+ +66-07 L0 /9--80 76-+ 9 = 69@>-/ 97+ 6078/966-;7 07: W>/0>0/6-07+/ 9/-+ 8/9689/+ >+/+ 9, 9/+78 9 -+ 8- 0  /-6-0, +//0 9 ? 976-;7 W>/0>0/6-07+/ 9/-+ 7 6+0  -767-0 W>/0>0/6-07+/ 607-6-07  +9=/-+  --7 9/+78 9 -+ 8- 0  /-6-0 W/ 087-= 7  6079780  9 6-60  -+ 60@>80: @+8/-+  6078/966-;7  -+ 8 0  /-6-0  @0-6-;7  /6-6+ " >;-80 7 /8/0  97+ +8/7+8-+ 0=08+# L+ 9/-+  + 6078/966-07  607-9 69@>-70 0 >/06-@-780 -769-0 7 0 6 ;-0 8/9689/+. E ?0/@+80  9/-+  97 6;-0 8-7 7 6978+ +66-07 + /-8-/ 96-+  + 607/+6-;7 : W+ >/0=+=--+  9 069//+  60 +/0 ">0/ @>0, ++66-07 8/+0/-7+/-+ 9  + 6+8F8/0? 7+89/+ 607+7# W0 /-0 +06-+0 + 0 60 +/0 W97+ 60=/89/+  0 /-0 /+J07+= 0 9--=/++ L+ 60=/89/+ 60@>8+  97 /-0  -@>0-=. L+ 60=/89/+ +@>-@+  97 /-0  +78-607;@-6+ L+ 60=/89/+ 6++  97 /-0  8@/+/-+ L+ -+ 8- 0  /-6-0  97+ 8/9689/+   >/-00  8-@>0, + >+/8-/  + ?6+ 7 +  9  ?-7+-J+ 9 6078/966-;7, 9/+78  9 = @+787/ + 6+>+6-+  69@>-/ 800 0 /9--80 /-8 78 < ?976-07+. D9/+78 8 >/-00  8-@>0 0+@78 =/+ /9/-/ 97+ 607/+6-;7 70/@+, -7 76-+  0>/+6-07  />+/+6-;7 7-  /+=--8+6-;7. L+ -+ 8-, 60@0 >+/F@8/0  -0, +/-+, 7 7/+, 78/ 5K < 1KK +0, 7 ?976-;7  8>0 <  90 >/-80 >+/+ + 8/9689/+ 60//>07-78.


4 1

L0 E9/06;-0, ACI, EHE, 86.‐ 8F7 6+-=/+0 >+/+ 9 + >/0=+=--+  ?+0  97+ 8/9689/+ + @9< =++ 9/+78 + -+ 8-. A97+ 8/9689/+ >6-+, 60@0 >0/ @>0 0 607870/  /-90 796+/,  > /0<68+7 >+/+ -+ 8- @9< 9>/-0/, >0/ @>0 4KK +0. L+ -+ 8-, 0  /-6-0, /+  97+ 8/9689/+ , 7 7/+, @9< 9>/-0/ + + 98--J++ 60@ 0 >+/F@8/0  -0. S0+@78 @-+78 + /60>-+6-;7  +80 /+: W?6+ 7 + 9  @+7-?-8+  ?7;@70 W+0/  + -787-+ 607 9  + >/78+0  >97 89-+/ 8+8-6+@78 /-  +0/ 9 >/@-8+7 8/@-7+/ >/-00  / 80/70 < +0/ 9@=/+ 9 8/@77 ?-6+J@78 0 +0/  + +66-07 8/+0/-7+/+ 9 =7 /-8-/ + 8/9689/+. L+ 9/-+ 9 0?/6 97 6;-0 8/9689/+  @- >0/  7-6  ?-+=--+ 8/9689/+, > +/+  9 6+-=/+ 9 /+  -@7-07+0. E 7-6  ?-+=--+ 8/9689/+ +/+ -7/+@78 607 + >/0=+=--+  9  >/09J6+ 9 7 ?+0 7 + 8/9689/+. E7 0 6;-0 9/0>0  98--J+, 7 7/+,  6/-8/-0 -9-78: -  ?+0 8/@-7+  60+>0  + 8/9689/+,  70@-7+ ?+0 7 0 8+0 @-8 8-@0 "E.L.U# -  ?+0 +?68+ 0+@78 + +>680 ?976-07+ ">0/ @>0: ?0/@+6-07 6-+#   70@-7+ ?+0 7 0 8+0 @-8  /-6-0 "E.L.S.#


4 2

Hidrologia Para El Diseño de Presas

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