Unit 1 Review: Biodiversity Topics:
Living vs. Non-living o LIVING – respire, reproduce, movement of molecules, grow, respond to environment, require energy, excrete waste, metabolism (chemical reactions) o Viruses Non-living don’t grow, don’t reproduce by themselves, no cells made of protein shells Made of: unique protein cell, plus DNA/RNA Pathogens – cause disease, are PARASITIC with host cell Methods of classification Shape o Polyhedral ex: polio o Spherical ex: HIV o Cylinder ex: tobacco mosaic virus o Head + tail ex: T4 virus (infects E.coli) Diseases that it causes Type of host cell Type of nucleic acid o DNA or RNA o Single vs double stranded; linear vs. circular Method of replication o Lysogenic vs Lytic Cycles o Lytic Cycle – phage DNA is replicated with help of host cell machinery Attachment Injection Replication Assembly o Lysogenic Cycle Attachment Injection Integration Cell division In some conditions will start lytic cycle (chemicals or UV light) Examples Rhinovirus – common cold HPV – human papilloma viruses Corona viruses – cold virus, SARS Herpes - chickenpox, shingle Uses????? Classification o Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (cell type) PROKARYOTES = bacteria cells → (kingdoms) archabacteria and eubacteria →
EUKARYOTES = protests, algae, plants, animals o Domains – 3 domains Bacteria –unicellular, prokaryotic, cells wall have peptidogylcan, 1 kingdom = Eubacteria. makes its own food or eats other organisms Archea – unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls w/o peptidoglycan, 1 kingdom = Archaebacteria , makes its own food or eats other organisms Eukarya – can be future classified to 4 kingdoms = Protistia, fungi, Plantae, Animalia o Taxonomy - science of naming, identifying, identifying, and classifying species species Dumb Kids Playing Catch On Freeway Get Smashed Domain – Bacteria, Archea or Eukarya Kingdom – Eubacteria, Archaebacteria Archaebacteria or Protistia, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species o Dichotomous Key (purpose? how to use? how to create?) o Binomial Nomenclature (what is it? purpose?) Made by Linnaeus, two part naming system, 1rst being the genus and the second the name of the species o Modern classification ?? Bacteria (archeabacteria & eubacteria) o Classification methods Cell Shape Spherical – multiple cocci Rod shape – multiple bacilli ex: E Coli Spiral shaped – multiple spirochetes spirochetes ex: lyme disease Cell Wall Structure Cell wall outside cell membrane o Mostly peptioglycan (thick coat of sugar) o Some peptioglycan then extra membrane Motility Lack all movement Use flagella Spiral-shaped use corkscrew motion Or use other factor/organism to travel (glide on slimy mucous) o Diagrams PG32 o Get nutrition Heterotroph – from environment, or eating other organisms ex: E. coli Photoautotroph – sunlight ex: cyanobacteria Photoheterotroph – Heterotroph + Photoautotroph Chemoheterotroph - energy from chem. reactions o Reproduction Binary fission (like mitosis)
SEXUAL Transformation – DNA pieces from environment Conjunction – 2 cells temporarily join and exchange DNA. Involves plasmids Transduction – get from bacteriaphages which carry genes from one cell and inject to others
o
Role
can cause diseases like TB, or STDS more harmless though – break down food in intestines, cycle nutrients in biosphere, decompose organic matter, convert convert nitrogen gas from from atmosphere into nitrogen compounds for plants o ENDOSPORE? Protists o Classification methods; diagrams o Reproduction o Examples & role/importance o Applications & climate change Fungi o Classification ; diagrams o Reproduction o Examples & role/importance o Applications & climate change Plants o Classification; pictures o Reproduction o Examples & role/importance o Applications & climate change Animals o Classification o Examples for each phylum (body support/movement support/movement & nervous tissue) o Vertebrates Human Impact on Biodiversity o Habitat loss o Invasive species o Pollution o Overexploitation o Climate change (which is also specific at the end of each kingdom section)
Test Format: Multiple Choice (knowledge/understanding) (knowledge/understanding) Diagrams (knowledge/understanding, (knowledge/understanding, communication) Interpretation (thinking/inquiry questions) Short Answers/Long Answer (communication, application)
