FILOZOFII LUCRURILOR PAMANTESTI

ACADEMIA DE STUDII ECONOMICE BUCUREŞTI

FILOSOFII LUCRURILOR PĂMÂNTEŞTI - ROBERT L. HEILBRONER -

STUDENT STUDEN T : ISTRATE I. GEORGIANA GEORGIAN A MARKETING AN I SERIA A GRUPA 1706

 

PROFESOR COORDONATOR: NEGOTEI ALINA

BUCUREŞTI 201

1

CUPRINS : BIBLIOGRAFIE ...........................................................................................!"#.$ INTRODUCERE............................................................................................!"#.-% RE&OLU'IA ECONOMICĂ........................................................................!"#.%-6 MINUNAT MINUNATA LUME A LUI ADAM SMITH................................................!"#.7 (NCHEIERE...................................................................................................!"#.)

2

BIBLIOGRAFIE : ROBERT L. HEILBRONER * F+,/++ ,+, !34589+- E. HUMANITAS ; B89+ ; ", 1<<$ D+ S"+ * +88 * +8 : ===.>4"+". L"+," * +88 * +8 : ===.8!+84"+. ===.8!+84"+.?,#!. ?,#!. ; /8?"+8 201$

$

FILOSOFII LUCRURILOR PĂMÂNTEŞTI - RECEN@IES+, 84+8+  !"8 3 8,"48 83+ 88?+ 8 ",8 9+ 8 !8+",+"8. E8  4"8+8 9"3  "8 3 /"8 !++ 88,8"3. P"", 9+ "/,3 8!,+"+" ; !?"?+, ;  /"!, "  ? 84+ 8?+8 8?+8 3 !88  "3 4?+"+8 8 3-4"84"++" ; ++ ; 4 !,++ ; /+,/. T8?+8 T8?+8 3 8,8"#3 +4?,+ +4?,+ 9+ 3 ?8"3  +8 ;3 !+8"3 !"+,", !+ !+ !+4" #88",,+ 9+ - - "8,"9+ 8," 8 #5+8 3 !+3 8!+3 "?", 9+ 8,. T8?+8 3 +88  !88,  ,4+" ,4+" 8,+ ; !8 !8 !+ +"8 +"8  ++. ++. N++  !"8 " "++ "++ 4"8 " " ++++, 4889+  8?+8 " + "!8  , + 888. E, 8?+8 3 /+8 8+88" 9+  "8,"9+ +4! 3 +88  ! ; 3 /+8 +" 9+ +!+?+, +!+?+, "  "+ ; " 8+ 9+ ," /8, 8  !++"8,8 !8 !345 "  !,+++". C"8" ,+ H8+,?8 !8+3 +8+,8 4"+, 84+9+ 9+ " "!3  4" >35++ ",+ 8 " +8  ++8 " 8,+8+ #5+++ #5+++ 84+8; 89+  "8"" 3 "8488"3 8+ 8 4++ 8 !8"8 3 488 + 8 84+8..;  !88"+ 84+9+ 8 ," S4+> ; R+" 9+ M",>; !+ .S.M+,, ; +",+9++ !++ !++ 9+ M" ;  !53 ," #5++ #5++ + 8,, 4 4 ; " .M. K88; .S>4!88 .S>4!88 9+ ",++ . C88" 8  88?898 8 ?+9+8,8 +++ ",8 "8,+"9+ 48+ 88 +!+"3 4?+"8" +8 8!88" 8,+8+ #5+++ 84+8 9+  8848 8 +8 !8+"8 " !++!",+, !++!",+, 8+ 8!8+ ;  ?+#"/++ "88" ,+"8; !"8 8 ?+"8++ " 8 "48 ; , /++ /3+9"  ",8 ,+8" 9+   83 8+"8. E8 !?"?+, * " !- 9+ ++ 888+ "48+"+-8" 4"+ +?+3 +?+3 9+ 4"+ "!+"3 +88 +88  9++" 84+3 84+3 9+  ++" 8+ + 58 -" + 8"3. C88" 8 8 84"3 8 ," 8! 88 "?"8" "8 8!"8 8!"8 "!88,8 8 #5+8 9+++/+3; 8 /+#"8 " !8",+3++ +/8++, "+  8, ++ 9+  8,8488 8 "43 ?+#"/+; 4",+"8 8 " "/4" "/4" ,8" - "+8 +8; "8-, "!!+8 !8 +8 ++; >+" 8!8+",+; 8 " !"#8  !,388 "8 8; 8 !8 4" 3+" 8 ",8#8  4,8 9+8 + 48+, 84+. 84+. D8 ",/8,; >+" !8



!8" "++ 8 48+8"" ": E8 !?"?+, 8" 4"+ +?+3 9+ 4"+ "!+"3 +88  9++" 84+3 9+ ++" 8+; + 58 -" + 8"3. C"8" 8 /"3 ?898 8!8  43 8 "48+ 8 9+-" 9+#" /"+4" - 4  "!"83 +8!,+"?+,. D"3 " /+ 3 8 ,34 !3 4"",8,8 8 ++8; " 8?+ 3-+ +4 +98 ,+3+: -" 4"" 9++; -" +4+ "48+ ," 4"8; -" 4+ !88 +4!8++; -" !"++!" 8 !8" !+ ," "!"8" 8 >3+ ++8. U++ +8 8+ 9+-" ?+ ?+  848; " ++ , -" "J 8"3 8 "+", ++ " / ?,"4"+ /33 48"J"488; " ++ , -" / >+"  !"8 "+",3. C "8 "88"; 88" 8 " /3 8+ -" 8+ " /+ 4"+ 8++ !8 ++8 8 4,8 + "8,8  "48+ 8 " "8,"+ 8 #,+8; " ! "88" !8?3+ 4"+ !/8 8 "ț++,8 9++, 9++, 3, 3, "  "/"" 3++; " " 8/88 8/88 !++8 " 8#"+8 8#"+8 4"+ 4"+ 8 8+8,8  8#+ " !","488. E+ " 48," 9+ " +/,8" #+8" "48+,. ( !+4, "!+, R?8 H8+,?8 /"8 "!,#+" #5++, #5++, + /8" +8++ 84+-+",8; 84+-+",8; !5  " "++"8" , +3; 8!8","3; >+" +83;  3,+8" 9+ !"#++,8 8 ++8 +8 !8 8"4" 3+, 3+, 8 "8 9+ 8 ++. E, 8" "84 3 8!"8 "8"3 88!"8 ""5 4 +8 !8"J8 4, 4"+ 488 *  "!"83 * " 89+ 3 >+4?8 ,48" 48,5; +84"+5 #5+8" 848+,. 848+,. C88" 8 " /" 8+ -" 8+ " /+ 4"+ 8++ 85 4,8 + "8,8  "48+ 8 " "8,"+ 8 #,+8;" ! "88" !8?"+ 4"+ !/8 85 "++,8 9++, 3, 3, " "/"" 3++; " " 8/88 !++8 " 8#"+8 4"+ 4"+ 85 8+8,8  8#+ " !","488. !.1$ N4+, 4 ", "8 !8"J8 /"8 +/8+8 " / 8 " +" 4!"48, 848+,;  !+4, 5 " !3+ 8 "+8 4"8+",3 9+ "!+;  #>8+"," ?848+3 8 " "!"  !"8 + "8"". ( 8+3; + 84898 /+,/+ "+ ,+, ,+, !"458+ !8 3 -" 3+ 3 !+3 - ++8 ++8 /+,/+3 8" 4"+ !"458"3 +8 8,8+++,8 4,+ * 5" !8 ?+ 4"8+",8. C"!+,, ", 2-,8"; R8,+" 84+3; !8+3; " + !+4, !""#"/;  !?,84" 88+",3  "8 4, 4, " 8?+ 3 8 /8: /8: D8 " " ?" ?" + !"; 4, -" /"  !?,84" !"+8+++  " +++ +," + " 484? ", + #! +",.

%

( 8, 8,8,; 8,8,; 4, " #"+ 8+ 4",+3+ 8 " !88++  "8488" ","4+"8.E, 9+-" "+#" ++"8" #"+" +8"8"  J, "++8+; "4+" /++,8 /++,8 "+"8 9+ 88"8 + #88"+8  #88"+8 !+ "++ 9+ 48: /+, ++ 4" "3,+; 88" 8 /38" " 3 3 8 !8!888. P?,84" !"8 /+ 8,"3 + - ", /8,. S+8"8" !"8 /,++ ?++, 34+++ "+"8 !8 " "+#" 8!,++8" 8!3"8 8!3"8 " +/8+8, /++. /++. P8 " "!3" 84+9+ 8 4+9+++ 8" 8+8 8  " 8+" ,+8 8?+" " 8 +8""  +4+"8 J#>8?"8  ", 38+" +8"8" 9+ "+#3 !!+" !8!8"8; /8+ !+?+,+"8" /+83+ +++ 3 /"3 8" 88" 8 8, #388 8 ++3. A8"3 ,+8 !""",3; ?+,3 ?+,3 9+ !,+3 8 +/+,3+ " !?,848+ !"+8+++ !"+8+++ 88 8" "8 " 8 " 8" 8+" 8 84++. E+#4" !8 "8 8?+" 3  8,8#8 84+ș++ 8" 4 " !8" +8"8" 3 3++8 "3 ,48" ,48"  4"+ 88 "4+" "4+" 8 43 43 ș+ "+; "3   /+ 8/8"8 8/8"8 "5 4+,8 "#8"?+,8 5 ș+ 8,8 8"#8"?+,8. 8"#8"?+,8. P8 3 +#"ț" /8+3 8 "+ț+8 ș+ + 3 /+8 ,+3  /""8" 48"+4,+ ?+ ", +84,+ +84,+ 8 !+" !+" ț3 " / 8+8 8  "83"3 8, 8, ț+8; 8" 4"+ +4! +4!"3 "3 !8 !8 "ș88" +8 +833ț++ 48 488. 8. E8 8-" 8!, +4+ 5 8 4, " 8," ș+ !+ 8 >+4?3+ 4"J8 " 8 +8"8". ( 8,, ", I&-,8" I&-,8"  F"ț" 8#+8,8 48+",8 ț+8" " +4!,8 843+ ",8 ""ț++,; 8,+,8 8,+,8 8 /38"  +/8 4"8; 4"8; ",, 8" "88" #8ș+; 4!3 4!3ț+8" !+- !+- 43 4"+ 4"8 4"8 8 12 8" 8" 4+8+"3 4+8+"3 ș+ ++ ++ /,+8" /,+8" +/8+ 0  8" !8" ,"3. B+,8 B+,8 +"8  ț""  8 8 1 " " "!8 "!8 - - 8 43/" + +,8,8 "8. ( 8,, &I;  G84"+"; G84"+"; 8#++ 8" !+ ț+ "4 ," 10 4+,8 3 !,38"3 "4". F+8"8 !++!" "8" !!+" 483; !!++,8 !!++,8 8#,+ 8#,+ ș+ "ț8; ,8#+ ,8#+ ș+ 5+8,+ +" +" +3ț+,8 8 43"8 43"8 8" 4  8 !"8 4"+ +/8+8Q +/8+8Q 112 112 +3 ț+ 8 ,#+48; ,#+48; <2 <2 +3 +3ț+ 8 !"/" !"/"ț3; 8... 8... ( 8,, ", &II-,8" ," B "8" ,  !8 !8  +43 +8"3 "?4+"?+,3:  8# 8# "    !/+ 8 6 !88 !88 ," 1 ș+,+#. ( !8+3 !8+3 " 4++",3;  !"", "ș,+ 8 8,3ț+8 4!+3 4!+3 "4+ /",8 !++!++ !++!++ ",8 48 ț,+Q! ",  !3,+;  !3,+; 8 "8 ș+ 43"8,8:

6

C3  4 "8 +8 3 53 5 !"8 4"+ 4! 9+ 3 4!88 5 !"8 4"+ +8/+.  D"3  4 !+88 - "/"#+ "/"#+ 8.  !"8 + 4"/3 " 3 "+?" +8 3 53 8, ,"  !8 4"J".  C3 "8 +8 3 53 ," /8, 8 4! 4 " 4!""; >+" "3 ," 4!3"8 " !,3+  !8" 4!... ( A#,+"; A#,+";  /+43 48+",3 !38"  /8+8 8,+#+"3; "5 8#,+ 8 +3  !8 8#++ 8#++ "+"ț+:   #3+8 #3+8 ?8,8 ?8,8 58; 8+,8 8 8 /" ț+; J, 8 3ț+; ț+88" 8 8 5++ 8 53"8; 53"8; 48, 48, !8 !8 "3 "3  !">88 4"+ 4"+ ș+ 8"3"8. 8"3"8. R8,ț+" 84+3 84+3  -" 35ș+ !+ !+ 88+488 88+488 4"+; !+ "8+ 8"84+8; 8"84+8; !+ !+ ,8#+ !8+",8 " " !+ "ț+8"  !8",+3ț+ !8+8. E" " /  !8 8 8ș88 ,3+ ,3+3. 3. U !+4 /" /" " / >8#"8" >8#"8" 8!" 8!"33  E!" " 8+3 8+3ț+,  !,++8 "ț+",8. U ", +,8" 4"8 8 8 8 >+4?"8 ," 8!88" 8!88" 8,+, 8!" ", !++,+ !++,+ 8,+#+ ? +4!", +4!", +8+, +8+, 8!+8; 8!+8; ++"8 ++"8 ș+ 4"+8 4"+8 ",8 R8" ș8++ +",+88. ( 1700; +8"8" 8!8 3 8 /488 8+ ",8 "?,8 8 !++!++ 8+88: O+8 4 8  4 /+8 5+ 8 "+#; L8#+,8  8?+8 3 /+8 !++8 "+#,+; C8, C48 C48ț,+ "8  8, " "+#,. O !"8 +83 +83 + "!+,, 8+ 83 8, +",-++ ", A#,+8+ 8. ", &III-,8";  "8 , !,"8""  !8 A"4 A"4 S4+> Q172$-17<0. Q172$-17<0. E, 88 88 >+" !3+8,8 E4+8+ E4+8+ !,++8 " 9++3. 9++3. O 88"8 " "++ 9+ "8, "+8+ "++, 88 ,"8" !8 "8 H8+,?8  "!8+"3 " /++  "" 8 ++8 "8 8!,+3  8 4 " ," "988 9+ 8!+" 4 /+8"3 +84, ,+?83++ 8359+8 Q" +84, ,+?83++ "",8; 4 48" S4+> "!+",+4, 48+",. P?"?+, 3 ++"3 8 84+  " 4"+ 8",+"  !+88 4!,83 " 8!++ ",8 "9" 4 " 8",+" A"4 S4+>. ( 4 +#  " 4"+ 8+" ",, "5 8 8+; 8 /8+ 8 488">" 33++8+;   !++ ++ "5 8 !33 "  "8,"9+ +4! ,+!+ 8 3>+3; "5 8 !+4+ /33 " /+ !+. ( !++" 48" ; R?8 L. H8+,?8 ; " 8"  "J, 3++ F+,/++ ,+, !34589+ !34589+  8!" "3 3 "4+8"3 8!8 "48+ +4!"+ "8 " +/,8" 4, +8"8" 9+ "8 ; 9+;   "!8+"+ ," "83"" , ","8. F+",, 3++ "8 8! ! >+" 8",+"8" ++"+8+ ," ,83 ; 48+5 /"!, 3 8+ 8+3

7

4,8 ,3+ #8 8 8,9+ ; 8+3 9+ ,3+  8 8,8 9+ "8 ! /+ !8 8!,+ !8 8,8, ++,+. ++,+. A/8, ; ", " 89+  4"+ 3 8+8+88 4++ ,"4+"8  !8!"8 8 +, 84+8+ ; 8 "8" +83++ ; !84 9+ 8 !+?+,, ++ ++ ", "88+" ; + 9+ 3 884+8  453 8 "48+ 3 ,8 4!3398"3 +8+,8 ; 3 ,8 "!?8 " 3 +8+3   !38+ "++ .

 8-" 3" 3 !++4 8,+" +83++ " !8  "43 ", 38+ 8 !"8 /+ 8+/" 8 +++++ "8 ",4+8+ -" /+ +4+ " !"+  +"  /8 !,89+"8 9+ 8 88,8 . '8,, /+", ", #+++ , 84+8 " / 8,8#88" +83++. ROBERT L. HEILBRONER

)