Fauquier Broadband Recommendations

Broadband Recommendations Fauquier County DRAFT OCTOBER 2016

DESIGN broadband plannersNINE

Contents

Bringing Better Broadband to Fauquier .........................................................................1 Choosing the Right Business Model ......................................................................................... 3 How to Pay For It ........................................................................................................................ 5

Assessing Demand In Fauquier .....................................................................................8 Residential Survey Results .......................................................................................................... 9 Business Survey Results............................................................................................................. 21

Gap Analysis and Current Conditions .........................................................................32 Business Bandwidth Needs ..................................................................................................... Residential Bandwidth Needs ................................................................................................ Local Pricing Data ................................................................................................................... Interviews and User Feedback ...............................................................................................

32 33 34 41

Existing Assets and Demography ........................................................................................... 45

Broadband Strategies ....................................................................................................51 Form a Broadband Authority ................................................................................................. 52 Public/Private Partnerships ..................................................................................................... 55 Tower Leasing ........................................................................................................................... 56 Increased Wood Utility Pole Use ............................................................................................. Meet-Me Box and Fiber Drop Strategy ................................................................................. Demand Aggregation ............................................................................................................ Referendum ............................................................................................................................. Nano-cell Cellular Strategy .................................................................................................... Service District Strategy...........................................................................................................

57 58 60 61 62 63

Wireless Tower Cost Estimate Study .............................................................................64 Fiber-Wireless Hybrid Strategy ......................................................................................70 Overview of the Network ........................................................................................................ 70 Network Design Summary and Recommendation ............................................................. 74

Rural Fiber Cost Estimate ...............................................................................................75 Fiber Build Out Financial Analysis ................................................................................78 Next Steps: Implementation and Operations .............................................................82 Implementation Planning Phase ............................................................................................ 82 Construction Phase ................................................................................................................. 84 Operations Phase .................................................................................................................... 85 i

Appendix A: Glossary...................................................................................................86 Appendix B: Residential Survey—Other items used ..................................................88 Appendix C: Residential Survey— Other needs .......................................................92 Appendix D: Business Survey— Affordable broadband and speed .....................103 Appendix E: Business Survey— Other needs............................................................105 Appendix F: Business Survey— Other Comments ...................................................106

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Bringing Better Broadband to Fauquier Broadband has, over the past twenty years, become critical infrastructure for communities. Routine activities of both residents and businesses now often require Internet access. K12 schools continue to expand the use of Internet-enabled learning resources, and children in households with inadequate Internet service are at a severe disadvantage. Libraries in the county are reporting record numbers of people using Internet, and anecdotally, many mothers report that it is common that they have to take their children to McDonald’s or other free WiFi locations so that children can complete their homework. In Fauquier, the rural areas of the county are at a particular disadvantage, and the large number of comments provided by residents and businesses offers a striking view of the frustration that exists over poor broadband access and the associated high costs paid for poor service. Te large number of people trying to use the Internet for educational activities and job-related work indicates that the Internet access in the county has become critical to community and economic development. Te availability of affordable and adequate broadband is has already begun to influence both business location decisions and home-buying decisions.

Strategies for Fauquier County

Remove Barriers

Update/modify ordinances, permitting, and planning rules

Fiber Strategy

Increased Wireless Access

Work with Providers

Plan to take fiber access into all rural

Update utility pole ordinances, provide towers

Coordinate grant opportunities, provide demand

areas that need it

and tower space to WISPs

information, create incentives

In the summer of 2016, Design Nine was hired by Fauquier County to assess current and future broadband needs, collect demand aggregation data, identify public/ private partnership opportunities with service providers, and recommend a comprehensive of strategies to improve broadband connectivity. Tere is no “one size fits

Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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all” solution for Fauquier. Instead, a set of successful solutions should be pursued and developed as a set of complementary activities conducted in parallel. Te

County can be effective at low cost byremoving barriers as an early “win.” Fauquier residents already have the “by right” ability to place wood utility poles on their property (within specified guidelines) which makes it easier for service providers to make a business case to offer improved access in rural areas of the county, as well as providing resident and rural businesses with an affordable solution. A fiber strategy would be to offer fiber to the home and/or fiber to the edge of the road in rural areas of the County, using a demand-based strategy that only placed fiber in neighborhoods and down rural roads where residents agreed in advance to buy services. While the capital expenditure for such a venture would be substantial, this would generate a revenue stream over the long term that would pay back bonds or other funds used to support the build out. Because some areas of the county already have adequate Internet service from the cable provider, we estimate that only about 10,000 households in the County would be candidates for a rural fiber build out, and this approach could cost $20 million or more, spent over several years. It is worth noting that this could be funded by a “$1/day” strategy: if each household in an rural “fiber improvement zone” agreed to pay $1/day for twelve years (about $32/month), the entire capital cost of the effort would be fully funded. Increased wireless access is an intermediate strategy that could produce improved access in a year or less, providing space for WISPs on existing county towers and placing new towers in underserved and unserved areas of the region and leasing space to wireless providers. Tis would be most effective when coupled with ordinance changes that would give rural residents and businesses “by right” ability to place wood utility poles on their property. In all cases, the County or a newly formed Broadband Authority will find it necessary and important to work with providers, especially providers that are open about their plans and demonstrate a willingness to be flexible in their approach to collaboration.


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CHOOSING THE RIGHT BUSINESS MODEL Governments build and manage roads, but don’t own or manage the businesses that use those roads to deliver goods and services. Te tremendous versatility of the Internet and the underlying technology bases now allows services that used to require their own, separate (analog) road system (voice telephony and TV services) to be delivered alongside other services like Internet access on a single, integrated digital road system. If we managed overnight package delivery the way we manage telecom, UPS and Fedex would only deliver packages to residences and businesses where each delivery firm had built a private road for their exclusive use. We recognize immediately the limitations of such a business model–few of us would have overnight package delivery to our homes because the small number of packages delivered would not justify the expense of building a private paved road. Before the rise of the automobile, most roads were built largely by the private sector. After cars became important to commerce and economic development, communities began building and maintaining roads because it became an economic development imperative to have a modern

What business model?

Municipal Retail

Wholesale Infrastructure

transportation system in communities. Direct competition with

Creates private sector

Before the rise of the Internet, the private sector. business opportunities Significant staffing and with reduced digital networks were built largely operational costs. operational costs. by the private sector. As broadband has become critical to commerce and economic development, communities with digital roads are more competitive globally.


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If the County is determined to move forward with a broadband initiative, there are two business model options: municipal retail or wholesale infrastructure.

Features

Municipal Retail

Basic Concept

Typically just three services (voice, video, data) with little or no sharing of network capacity.

Government

Government competes directory with the private sector. Government

Involvement

decides what services are offered.

road system benefits and private users. Buyersthat have rich setallofpublic choices.

Governance

Owned and operated by local government. Limited triple play services sold directly by local government.

May be owned by local government or by a community enterprise like a broadband authority or coop. Wide variety of services sold by private sector companies.

Competition

Government picks providers of each service. No incentive to lower prices.

Level playing field creates robust competition. Service providers drive down costs and provide great service to get customers.

Limited. Government resells triple play services.

Determined by private sector service providers

Limited by triple play approach, which keeps funds for expansion low.

Expansion developed organically based on funding and revenue from infrastructure leasing.

Government officials must predict business technology needs years in advance.

If limited to primarily passive infrastructure, operational costs and responsibilities are nominal. It is important to identify prospective service providers early in the process.

Service Options Service Area Expansion

Risks

Wholesale Infrastructure Improved efficiency because all providers share network capacity. Government does not compete with private sector. Government provides high performance digital

In the wholesale infrastructure business model, local government investments are designed to provide local transport only. Services for businesses and residents are offered by private sector providers offering Internet, TV, telephone and other data services.Te components of the transport network include conduit, handholes, cabinets and shelters, splice closures, and network equipment.


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HOW TO PAY FOR IT It is important to note that the bulk of the County’s investment in broadband infrastructure is likely to be passive infrastructure that will have a conservative life span of thirty years or more (e.g. wireless towers, conduit, fiber cable).Tese types of infrastructure investments create hard assets that have tangible value and can then be leveraged for additional borrowing. Te demand for services and the associated fees paid for those services will provide the revenue that will pay back loans over time. Tere is ample time to recoup not only the initial capital investment, but also to receive regular income f rom the infrastructure.

Funding Options

Bonding

County G.O. bonds or Authority revenue bonds

General Fund/CIP

Allocations from the General Fund

Lease Fees

Private sector providers pay appropriate fees to use the infrastructure

Special Assessment

Similar to a tax increase but a special, termlimited assessment solely for broadband

Grants

Seek grants where available, including DHCD, USDA, FCC funds, other sources

BONDING Revenue bonds are repaid based on the expectation of receiving revenue from the network, and do not obligate the local government or taxpayers if financial targets are not met. In that respect, they are very different from general obligation bonds. Many kinds of regional projects (water, sewer, solid waste, etc.) are routinely financed with revenue bonds. We believe most community projects will finance a significant portion of the effort with revenue bonds. Obtaining funding using revenue bonds requires an excellent municipal credit rating and an investment quality financial plan for the operation and management of the network. In Virginia, broadband authorities can bond, and the Roanoke Valley Broadband Authority used the Virginia Resource Authority to assist with their bonding. Revenue bonds must be used carefully, and a well-designed financial model is required to show investors that sufficient cash flow exists to pay back the loans.


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General obligation bonds are routinely used by local governments to finance municipal projects of all kinds. G.O. bonds are guaranteed by the good faith and credit of thelocal government, and are not tied to revenue generated by the project being funded (i.e.revenue bonds). G.O. bonds obligate the issuing government and the taxpayers directly, and in some cases could lead to increased local taxes to cover the interest and principal payments. Some bond underwriters have indicated a willingness to include telecom funds as part of a larger bond initiative for other kinds of government infrastructure (e.g. adding $1 million in telecom funds to a $10 million bond initiative for other improvements). In discussions with bond underwriters, it has been suggested that it would be easier to obtain bond funds for telecom if the telecom costs were rolled into a larger water or sewer bond, or some other type of bond request that are more familiar to the bond market. GENERAL FUND/CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN Some local governments are now routinely including a line item for telecom materials and expenditures in their Capital Improvement Plans (CIP). Tis creates a predictable, long term source of funding for broadband improvements over time. CIP funds might be used to maintain a modest inventory of handholes and conduit that could be placed when other improvements are underway (e.g. sidewalk upgrades, street grinding and resurfacing, etc.). LEASE FEES Initiatives like tower access and access to local government or Authority-owned conduit and fiber can create long term revenue streams from lease fees paid by service providers using that infrastructure. Te City of Danville has recovered their entire initial capital investment from lease fees paid by providers on the nDanville fiber network. SPECIAL ASSESSMENT Communities like Bozeman, Montana and Leverett, Massachusetts have been funding broadband infrastructure improvements with special assessments (in Leverett, $600/year for five years), and in Bozeman, TIF (Tax Increment Funding) is being used in some areas to add telecom conduit, handholes, and dark fiber. GRANTS Grant funding is limited and should be viewed as part of a larger basket of funding. Federal funds from sources like the USDA and the FCC are highly competitive and often come with substantial limitations on who can qualify and how the funds can be used. DHCD (VA Dept. of Housing and Community Development) provides some funding for planning, and they also administer CDBG (Community Development Block Grant) funds. CDBG funds can support telecom infrastructure construction but must be tied to job creation and/or job retention. In 2017, DHCD will have $1.25 million in funds that can be requested by localities to give to service providers to support their improvements. Rules for how to apply for and spend those funds are still under development. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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NEW MARKETS TAX CREDIT New markets tax credits are a form of private sector financing supported by tax credits supplied by the Federal government. Te New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) Program permits taxpayers to receive a credit against Federal income taxes for making qualified equity investments in designated Community Development Entities (CDEs). Te CDEs apply to the Federal government for an allotment of tax credits, which can then be used by private investors who supply funds for qualifying community projects. Substantially all of the qualified equity investment must in turn be used by the CDE to provide investments in low-income communities. Te

credit provided to the investor totals 39 percent of the cost of the investment and is claimed over a seven-year credit allowance period. In each of the first three years, the investor receives a credit equal to five percent of the total amount paid for the stock or capital interest at the time of purchase. For the final four years, the value of the credit is six percent annually. Investors may not redeem their investments in CDEs prior to the conclusion of the seven-year period. Troughout the life of the

NMTC Program, the Fund is authorized to allocate to CDEs the authority to issue to their investors up to the aggregate amount of $19.5 billion in equity as to which NMTCs can be claimed.

Tese

tax credits can be quite useful, and there may be some areas that qualify.However, it can take up to a year or more to apply and then finally receive NMTC-related cash. Tis can be a useful long term source of funds. Funding is going to be dependent upon the kinds of strategies the County and/or a new Broadband Authority want to pursue in partnership with the private sector. Grant funds are at best a supplement to local funds, and should not be viewed as a primary funding solution.


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Assessing Demand In Fauquier A market research study was conducted to determine the market for improved broadband access and affordability. Te study was an online and paper survey of residents and businesses in Fauquier County. Te surveying

was primarily conducted through an online (Internet) survey. Tis method was chosen due to a number of advantages which include faster results, lower costs, and a shorter data collection period. Paper forms of the survey were also available to the community if individuals did not have access to a computer or Internet. Paper submissions were mailed back or dropped off at the Fauquier County Planning and Zoning O ffice. Both the online survey as well as the paper form were available to any business with no specific target group. Paper surveys were distributed at the library and in several other locations to help capture data f rom residents and businesses who may not have Internet access at home or the place of work. Te study was done

to determine the following:

• Satisfaction with current telephone, Internet/data, and TV service • Demographic information • Types of Internet connections • Current Internet usage and purpose • Importance of Internet access • Willingness to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access • Cost of services • Current service providers for telephone, Internet/data and TV service • Information about residents who work from home Tis

market research can be very useful in setting priorities for next steps, and can be an important part of state and Federal funding and grant opportunities.


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RESIDENTIAL SURVEY RESULTS A total of 1424 responses were collected. Not all responders answered every question. Some of the key data points that resulted in the survey include: • 94% of the respondents desired better Internet/data service. • 77% of the respondents desired better cellular telephone service. • 94% of the respondents are not satisfied with all of their services. • 95% of the respondents have an Internet connection. • 96% reported that the Internet is “very important” to their household. • 20% are paying more than $61-$80/month for their Internet service, and 57% are paying more than $80/month. • 68% of the respondents who were still on a dial-up connection said that they had no other options in the area to switch to a different or better service. • 28% of the respondents who have an Internet connection use wireless Internet. • 34% are using satellite service, which typically means they have no or very poor DSL/ dial-up service in their area of the county. • Respondents of the survey use the Internet to check and send email, access news and current events, perform homework and schoolwork, work from home, social network, shop, and bank online. • 43% of the respondents indicated that at least one individual in their household uses the Internet to complete school assignments or job training at least several times a week. • 26% of the respondents need nights and weekends access for the company business. • 27% are self-employed and trying to work from home part or full time. • 27% work for another company and are tr ying to work from home part or full time. • 80% of respondents are trying to use their home Internet connection for work at least part time. CURRENT SATISFACTION OF EXISTING SERVICES Overall, the respondents felt a need for better cellular telephone service, Internet/data service, and Cable/TV service. 94% of the respondents desired better Internet/data service and 77% of the respondents desired better cellular telephone service. In addition, over half of the respondents felt the need for better Cable/TV service as well. 94% of the respondents are not satisfied with all of their services. Tis data indicates that residents generally are in need of better services that can offer reliability, speed, and a better price point. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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OWNERSHIP OF COMPUTERS AND CURRENT INTERNET USAGE From the sample, 17% of the respondents live in a household of three individuals. 23% of the respondents also live in a household of four individuals. 39% of the respondents live in a household with two computer users and 17% of the respondents live in a household with 3 computer users. 95% of the respondents have an Internet connection. EXISTING INTERNET CONNECTION TYPE AND PRICE Of the respondents who have an Internet connection, 28% used wireless Internet and 10% were on a DSL line. 2% of the respondents were still on a dial-up connection. 68% of the respondents who were still on a dial-up connection said that they had no other options in the area to switch to a different or better service. In terms of cost, 11% of the respondents paid between $41 to $60 per month for Internet access. More than half of the respondents paid more than $80 per month for Internet access. USE

OF THE INTERNET respondents of the survey used the Internet for a variety of reasons. Some of the main uses of the Internet include checking and sending email, accessing news and current events, performing homework and schoolwork, working from home, social networking, researching, shopping, and banking online.

Te

An open response question was asked following this question about any other additional uses of the Internet. Many of the respondents who answered this question commented that they essentially use the Internet for all of the activities listed. 43% of the respondents indicated that at least one individual in their household use the Internet to complete school assignments or job training at least several times a week. When asked if the respondents work from home, 26% of the respondents need nights and weekends access for the company business. 80% of the respondents work either part time or full time from home remotely as self-employed or for another company. Te

survey also indicates that the respondents do not seem to have difficulties in finding help and training on the computer or Internet. 54% of the respondents said that it was not difficult to find help or training on the computer or Internet. Furthermore, 96% of the respondents found accessibility to the Internet to be very important.

Te

respondents used personal computers, gaming consoles, hand held gaming consoles, ereaders, cell phones, smartphone, and iPads or other tablets to connect to the Internet. 27% of the respondents connected to the Internet via a personal computer like a desktop, laptop, netbook, or tablet. 10% of the respondents also connected to the Internet through a cell phone. SATISFACTION WITH SPECIFIC SERVICES Only 40% of the respondents were somewhat satisfied with their current telephone service, and 26% were not at all satisfied with their current telephone services. Similarly, 45% of the respondents answered that they were only somewhat satisfied with their current TV service. 28% of the respondents also answered that they were only somewhat satisfied with their current


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Internet service and 63% of the respondents indicated that they were not at all satisfied with their current Internet service. CURRENT COSTS AND PROVIDERS 22% of the respondents pay between $150 to $200 for local and long distance telephone, TV, and Internet per month. 43% of the respondents pay more than $200 per month for all three services. 27% of residents use Verizon Internet.Te majority of residents use Verizon telephone service and Direct TV satellite cable/TV service. As for internet service, the majority of Te residents residents use a variety of companies which includes Verizon, Hughes, or Comcast. of Fauquier County seem to lack satisfactory options in terms of price and providers. WILLINGNESS TO PAY When asked if the respondents would be willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access, 37% of the respondents said that they would be somewhat willing and 41% were very willing to pay more. SERVICE DESIRED Respondents were asked if there were any additional telecommunication needs that were not covered in the survey. A number of the respondents stated that they desired better, reliable cellular phone coverage. In addition, almost all respondents desired a reliable Internet connection that is not limited due to geographic location and offered at a fair price. Lastly, many respondents indicated they would like to work from home, but can not due to slow, unreliable internet speeds. Te map below shows the distribution of residential survey responses in the county.


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Te map below shows the distribution of residential survey

responses in the county. Broadlands

Cl W ar k ar e C ren o Co unty un ty

Shenandoah Farms

Loud o un C o un F au q ty u ie r Co u nty

17

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Loudoun Valley Estates

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SUMMARY DATA Check the items you agree with below. Question

Yes

No

Ineedbetterlandlinetelephoneservice.

27%

73%

Ineedbettercellulartelephoneservice.

77%

23%

IneedbetterInternet/dataservice.

94%

6%

Ineedbettercable/satelliteTVservice.

67%

Iamsatisfiedwithallofmyservices.

33%

6%

94%

Number of people in household: 1

2

3

4

5

6

7+

103

493

243

326

143

52

29

7%

35%

17%

23%

10%

4%

2%

Number of computer users:

1 114

2 533

3 237

4 317

5 120

6 40

7+ 24

8%

38%

17%

23%

9%

3%

2%

Do you have an Internet connection? Ye s

No 1315

74

95%

5%


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If yes, what type? Dial-up

29

CableModem

2%

182

Satellite

13%

489

DSL Line T1 Line

34%

138

10%

19

1%

Don’t Know

14

Fiber

1% 4

0%

Cellularwireless

398

28%

BroadbandWISP

72

5%

Other

82

6%

How much do you pay now for Internet Access each month: No Internet

$10-20

$21-40

$41 to $60

$61-80

More than $80/month

Use free local hotspots

Don’t Know

46

10

53

149

286

798

19

41

3%

1%

4%

11%

20%

57%

1%

3%

How important is Internet Access to you or your household?

How satisfied are you with your current telephone service? Not at all Satisfied

Somewhat Satisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

350

535

409

58

26%

40%

30%

4%


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How satisfied are you with your TV service? Not at all Satisfied

Somewhat Satisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

226

614

426

100

17%

45%

31%

7%

How satisfied are you with your current Internet service?

Not at all Satisfied

Somewhat Satisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

865

381

106

24

63%

28%

8%

2%

If you are still on dial up, why are you? Too expensive

Lack of help/support

Not interested

No other options in my area

20

10

42

154

9%

4%

19%

68%

Would you be willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access? Not at all willing

Somewhat willing

Very willing

Not sure

178

509

561

128

13%

37%

41%

9%

What equipment do you currently connect to the Internet? Personalcomputer(desktop,laptop,netbook,ortablet)

1,305

27%

Gaming console

335

7%

Hand held gaming console

162

3%

E-reader Cell phone

495 478

Smartphone iPad or other tablet Other Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

10% 10%

1,006 985

21% 20%

138

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Check all items you use the Internet for now: Email Accessnewsandcurrentevents Homework Schoolwork / Work from home

1,383 1,285

11% 10%

693

5%

988

8%

Watchmoviesandonlinevideo

700

5%

Downloadorlistentomusiconline

771

6%

VoIP (Vonage, Skype, etc) OnlineBackup(files,photos,music) Telemedicine, telehealth

360

3%

696

5%

189

1%

Online Gaming

328

3%

Socialnetworking--Facebook,Myspace,LinkedIn,etc.

1,130

9%

Personal research Download books/audiobooks Shopping Online banking Other

1,176

9%

722

6%

1,254 1,185 73

10% 9% 1%

Other Items used for the Internet

Because of the huge number of written responses to this question, this data is provided in Appendix C. Does anyone in your household use the Internet to complete school assignments or job training course work?

Yes, several times a week Yes, at least once a week Yes, at least once a month No


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Yes,severaltimesaweek

598

43%

Yes,atleastonceaweek

145

11%

Yes,atleastonceamonth

163

12%

No

471

34%

How difficult is it to find help and training for things you would like to do on the computer or on the Internet? Very Difficult

Somewhat Difficult

Not Difficult

230

391

736

17%

29%

54%

For your household, how much do you spend each month for local and long distance telephone, TV, and Internet? (Do NOT include cellphones) $50orless

$100-150

More than $200/ month

$50-75

$75-100

$150-200

75

60

112

228

301

592

5%

4%

8%

17%

22%

43%

Who is your Internet Service provider? Blank Points All

110 3

AOL

9

AT&T

1%

76

Blaze Broadband

43

Comcast TV Direct

8% 0%

5% 3%

189 4

13% 0%

DishNet

56

4%

Earthlink

10

1%

Exede

171

Freedom Pop

1

High Mountain Farm

3

HughesNet


12% 0% 0%

185

13%

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106

Juno

1

0%

MSN

1

0%

NA

29

2%

Netscape

1

0%

Netzero

1

0%

None at the House

25

2%

Nova

10

1%

Piedmont

15

1%

RCN

2

0%

Sprint

61

Straight Talk

0%

T1

3

Broadband VA

0%

9

1%

Verizon Net 2Wave

4%

1

378

27%

4

0%

Wildblue

21

1%

Zonet

1

0%

Who is your cable/satellite TV provider? Blank

101

7%

AT&T

2

0%

Comcast

138

10%

DIRECTV

739

52%

Dish Network

273

Excede

19% 3

Hughes Net

0%

11

1%

NA

27

2%

None

89

6%

Verizon

5

0%

Regular Antenna TV Net 2Wave Blue Wild


30 1

2% 0%

3

0%

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106

Who is your local telephone service provider? Blank

116

8%

AT&T

69

5%

Bell

2

Rate Clear

2

Comcast

93

Excede

9

Hughes Net

0% 0%

6

7% 1% 0%

Juno

1

Magic Jack

4

0% 0%

NA

55

4%

None

71

5%

Ooma

5

0%

Sprint

30

Straight Talk

1

2% 0%

Tracphone

1

0%

Verizon

841

59%

Vonage

9

1%

Use Only Cellphone

106

7%

Do youtouse a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to obtain remote access for your work or for access a company network? Yes

No

483

742

123

36%

55%

9%


Don’t Know

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106

Do you work from home? I work part time at home for another company.

20%

I work full time at home for another company.

7%

I need nights and weekends access for company business.

26%

I am self employed and work

16%

part time from home. I am self employed and work full time from home.

11%

I never work from home.

20%

Any Other Comments: Tere was a very large response to this question, and many residents provided detailed answers.

Please see Appendix D for this data.


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BUSINESS SURVEY RESULTS A total of 118 responses were were collected. Not all responders answered every question. Some of the key data points that resulted in the survey include: • 87% of respondents are not satisfied with all their services. • 87% of respondents answered that they needed better Internet/data service. • 99% of respondents stated that they had an Internet connection. • 23% of respondents use satellite ser vice while 22% use wireless Internet. Te number of satellite business users is the highest we have ever seen. Tis is normally below 5%. • 27% of respondents generally pay between $61 to $100 per month for Internet access. 18% spend between $151 and $300 for Internet. • Only 4% of respondents answered they were “very satisfied” with the current spend of their Internet service. 50% of respondents replied that they were “not at all satisfied” with the current speed of their Internet service. • 78% of respondents indicated that they would be very willing or somewhat willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access. • 92% of respondents indicated that they found Internet technology to be a very important factor in the success of their company over the next five years. • 61% of respondents answered that finding personnel with the needed computer, software, and Internet skills to be somewhat difficult or very difficult. • 98% of respondents indicated that Internet is essential to their business. • 29% of respondents are self employed and work full time from home. 91% work at least part time from home as either self-employed or for another company. CURRENT SATISFACTION OF EXISTING SERVICES Overall, respondents felt a need for better telephone service, Internet/data service, and TV service. 75% of the respondents desired better cellular telephone service and 87% of the respondents desired better Internet/data service. 87% of the respondents were not satisfied with all of their services.Tis data indicates that businesses generally are in need of better services that can offer reliability, speed, and a better price point. ESTABLISHMENT INFORMATION & EMPLOYEE COMPUTER USAGE 99% of the businesses that responded to the survey indicated that an Internet connection existed at the establishment. Tere are 1247 employees that are employed by the 118 businesses that took the survey.Tere is an average of 12 employees per establishment that took the survey. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Of the 1246 employees, there are 1925 computer users at these businesses. In addition, each establishment typically has an average of 18 employees who use computers. A variety of establishments responded to the survey, which include professional, government, retail, medical, non-profit, educational and other. Professional (35%) made up the majority of the establishments that responded followed by Other (21%) and Retail (14%). Other establishments included agriculture, construction, government, manufacturing, and recreational. EXISTING INTERNET CONNECTION TYPE, PRICE, AND SPEED A DSL line provided Internet access to 11% of the respondents. Wireless Internet provided an Internet connection to 22% of the respondents. Satellite provided Internet access to 23% of respondents. More than half of the respondents pay between $61 and up for Internet access each month. Te largest proportion of respondents paid generally $61 to $100 for Internet access each month. 14% of the respondents had Internet speeds between 1-3Mb, while 12% of the respondents had Internet speeds between 3-10Mb. In addition, 50% of the respondents were “not at all satisfied” with the current speed of their Internet service, while only 4% were “very satisfied” with their current speed. USE OF THE INTERNET Respondents were asked how they currently used the Internet to serve their needs at their respective establishments.Te most common uses of the Internet were for communication via email, access to news and current events, online backup, transfer of large files, research, maintaining a web presence and ordering and managing inventory. 9% of the respondents used the Internet to maintain a web presence with a blog or other site. WILLINGNESS TO PAY While only 14% willing” were “not at 31% all willing” to pay for faster, higher quality Internet access, 47% were “somewhat and were “very willing” to pay more. IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGY Respondents of the 118 business establishments overwhelmingly found Internet technology to be an important factor in the success of their company in the next five years. 7% found Internet technology to be “somewhat important.” Furthermore, 41% of the respondents from business establishments found that it was “somewhat difficult” to find personnel with the needed computer, software, and Internet skills in the local area. 98% of the respondents indicated that the Internet is essential to their business, and only 2% indicated that an the Internet is not essential to their business. EXISTING SERVICE PROVIDERS Phone: Verizon provided phone service to 53% of the respondents and Comcast provided phone service to 19% of respondents. Others service providers included AT&T, Hughes Net and Sprint . 5% of the respondents answered they only use their cellphone. Internet: Verizon provided Internet access to 25% of the respondents with Internet followed by Comcast at 24%. Other providers included AT&T, Blaze Broadband, Dish Network, Excede


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and Hughes Net. None of these providers had more than 8% of the respondents use their Internet ser vices. Television: Te largest providers of cable/satellite TV were Comcast, Dish Network and Direct TV. Comcast provided service to 20% of those with television service, while Dish Network provided service to 25% of the respondents. 17% of the respondents either indicated no TV or NA. 16% of respondents left the question blank. SERVICES DESIRED Respondents were asked if there were other telecommunication needs that they desired that was not covered in the survey. Tis was an open ended question. Many respondents expressed the need for more reliable Internet that was faster and offered at a fair price. Other respondents commented the need for more reliable cell ser vice. JOB CREATION AND TELEWORK survey found that a portion of respondents generally work from home full time or part time. Only 9% of the respondents stated that they never work from home. 25% of the respondents stated that they are self employed and work part time from home. In addition, 29% of the respondents noted that they are self employed and hold full time positions at home. Te map below shows the distribution of survey responses from businesses in the town and the county.

Te


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106

Te

map below shows the distribution of business survey responses in the county. Broadlands

Cl a

50 £ ¤

r W ar ke C re o n Co unt un y ty

Shenandoah Farms

Moorefield Station

Lo u d ou n C ou Fau q nt y uie r Co un ty

X

Brambleton Middleburg

X

X

X

Loudoun Valley Estates Arcola

X

17 £ ¤

Shenandoah Shores Skyland Estates

X

A

X

X Apple Mountain Lake

X M

L

C

War ren Fa u qu i

e

e e

n ty ou

u r Co

R

ll i

Hum

Cr

X

X

d eR

d

es

X

eL

c e

n Marshall

ot

R

X X X X X X

Rd

X

X

The Plains

a

l

a

yR

o

u

n

ty C ou nt

y

Lo

a

u q

u

r

X

£ ¤

t an Bl

X X

X

e yr

un

irl

k

ie

u n

ty

C C

nty nt ou C ou y nt ou

Gainesville Bull Run

Linton Hall

X

w

X

n

x fa ir

Haymarket

C o

ty

600 " !

e

c

W il li am

ou

New Baltimore

l l

la

o

ce

X

R

B

C

Rd

d

A

ud

Fa P ri n

F

17

South Riding

f

ie

X XX X

C

Estates

245 ! "

X X

lia m

o u n

X! 55 "

X

tH

H

X

w

X

Flint Hill

d

W

Bull Run Mountain

d

t o r

ov

X

X

d

r

nc e

n

Stone Ridge

Lo u

P ri

X

st

w G

n

Chester Gap

one

d

il

R

M s a or X

nt y

ai d

R

Rd

X

d

ka to

£ ¤

Rd

XX XX X X X X X X X X X X X Warrenton X

X XX X

X

15

Dumfr ie s Rd

Rt

Rd

Bristow

X

Ra F au qu ier pp Co ah un an ty no ck Cou n ty

Ke ith R d

A

X

29 £ ¤

211 X£ ¤

X

d

£ ¤

O

X

15 £ ¤

ir l ie R

17

X

La c ast er

D

u

m

f ri

es R

X

d Catlett

X X

X

n

Dr

Calverton

N Iv y H ill D

vi

o

w

Be ar W

Dr

e

ay G

y

T

r

al lo

X

x

F

p Ra

Oak S p

t X un678

G old

w

in ch

S er t os M

Dr

r PC o y l g ak ntWater loo Rd X oc ou nn r C rD l e 211 ha £ ¤ ep Ln i p lp s u H s rd C l

a fa

pa

a t

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p S hi ma d ill y

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nt i

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Dr

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Rd

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r i n gs

X XX lke XW r Dr

r

SK

in

gS X t X X Warrenton XXXX X E X East S t t

Lee

u

t n

b os

M

15 £ ¤

y

Jeffersonton

Dr

Ce

d

a r

R un

p

v

C

M Hil l R d emy

o

Dr

F ox

T

r

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s

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u

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qu

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M eet

29 Opal £ ¤

C

au F

di s n St o Ol d Aub

X

X ur

nR

Su

d

is te r

s

rg

me

s Ln

ck

R

d

R

15 £ ¤

Culpeper

Gr

t

T

o

X

u

w n

XRd

X

Rd

ty un y Co nt er Cou ui uq rd Fa taffo S

u Aq i a

X Morrisville

X

ge S t C o l le

B r e n

d R k El

rd u

Rd

X

X

X

n

R d Love r

Rd

X

g

n

Sow ego

bu

Midland

X

Remington

l

B r

17 £ ¤

X X X

St

28 " !

X

R d

X

X X

ze

Bealeton

15 £ ¤

17 £ ¤ R id

e

nw

d

y

Duhollow Rd

Ma

Ln

R

ty

lp u

n r

A cad

e

n

e

n

e

Leeton C t

Le i gh Rd

C

Dr

Opal

X u

L

a

te

Nokesville

X ld

X

Rd een 17 £ ¤

X

X

Goldvein

X

X

!

X

10/07/2016 Credits: ESRI, Design Nine

Lignum

2016 Fauquier County Business Broadband Survey Results X

Business

Interstate

SecondaryHighway

Place

Primary Highway

Local Road

Culpe


Ora per Cou n n ge C o u ty n ty

0

5

10

Page of

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24

106

SUMMARY DATA Check the items you agree with below. Yes

Question

No

Ineedbetterlandlinetelephoneservice.

30%

70%

Ineedbettercellulartelephoneservice

75%

25%

IneedbetterInternet/dataservice.

87%

13%

Ineedbettercable/satelliteTVservice. Iamsatisfiedwithallofmyservices.

48% 13%

52% 87%

Number of employees: Total number of employees

1247

Average number of employees per establishment

12

Number of computer users: Total number of computer users

1925

Average number of computer users per establishment

18

Types of organizational activities conducted at this facility: Retail

14%

Professional

35%

Government

4%

Educational

11%

Medical

4%

Non Profit

10%

Other

21%


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106

Does your organization have an Internet connection?

If yes, what type? Dial-up

Cable Modem

DSL Line

Fiber

Satellite

T-1 Line

Cellular Wireless

Broadband WISP

Don’t Know

5

26

14

3

29

8

27

10

2

4%

21%

11%

2%

23%

6%

22%

8%

2%

How much do you pay now for Internet access each month?

NoInternet

$0-20

$2140

$4160

$61100

$101150

$151-300

$301500

$5011000

$1001$5000

$5000

I don’t know

1

2

2

3

32

30

21

11

8

2

1

4

1%

2%

2%

3%

27%

26%

18%

9%

7%

2%

1%

3%

Speed of your Internet Connection? No Internet

Dial up only

56-2 56k

256512k

512-1 Mb

1-3 Mb

1.5-3 Mb

3-10 Mb

1050 Mb

50-1 00M b

100+ Mb

Gigabit

I don’t Know

1

3

5

7

7

16

7

14

10

8

2

1

33

1%

3%

4%

6%

6%

14%

6%

12%

9%

7%

2%

1%

29%


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How satisfied are you with the speed of your current Internet service? NotatallSatisfied

SomewhatSatisfied

Satisfied

Verysatisfied

56

35

17

5

50%

31%

15%

4%

Check all the items you use the Internet for now: Email

14%

Access news and current events

13%

Business videoconferencing

6%

Connect to company VPN (Virtual Private Network)

5%

VoIP (Vonage, Skype, etc)

4%

Online Backup (files, photos, music)

9%

Transfer large files

9%

Monitor / control security, alarms, health, processes, etc.

4%

Telemedicine, telehealth

1%

Communication between headquarters and remote sites

4%

Processing credit card / debit card transactions

7%


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106

Research

9%

Ordering/managing inventory

8%

Maintaining a web presence with a blog or other site

9%

Receiving and processing online orders

6%

Cloud-based business, accounting or other services

6%

Other

1%

Would you be willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access? Notatallwilling

Somewhatwilling

Verywilling

Notsure

16

54

36

9

14%

47%

31%

8%

How important do you think Internet technology will be for the success of your company over the next five years? Very important

Somewhat important

Not important

107

8

1

92%

7%

1%


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106

How difficult is it to find personnel with the needed computer, software, and Internet skills from the local area? Verydifficult

Somewhatdifficult

Notdifficult

23

46

44

20%

41%

39%

Is the internet essential to your business? Yes

No

112

2

98%

2%

If yes, briefly state what is affordable and at what speed: Tere was a very large response to this question, and many businesses provided detailed

answers. Please see Appendix E forthis data. Who is your Internet Service provider? Blank Points All

9 1

AT&T

4

Blaze Broadband Century Link

8% 1%

6

3% 5%

1

1%

Comcast

28

24%

DishNet

4

3%

Earthlink

2

2%

Exede Fiber Light

6 1

5% 1%

HughesNet

9

8%

MSN

1

1%

NA

2

2%


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106

None

2

2%

Nova

2

2%

Novec

1

1%

Piedmont

2

2%

Sprint

2

2%

Verizon

30

25%

Net 2Wave

2

2%

Wildblue

1

1%

Who is your cable/satellite TV provider? Blank

Comcast

Direct TV

Dish Network

Hughes Net

N/A

None

Piedmont

Verizon

Regular TV Antenna

19

23

29

20

1

11

10

1

3

1

16%

19%

25%

17%

1%

9%

8%

1%

3%

1%

Who is your tone telephone service provider? Blank

AT&T

Blaze Boardband

Comcast

N/A

None

Hughes Net

Sprint

Use Cellphone

Verizon

10

5

1

22

2

7

1

1

6

62

8%

4%

1%

19%

2%

6%

1%

1%

5%

53%

Do you use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to obtain remote access for your work or for access to a company network? Yes

No

Don’t I Know

40

63

9

36%

56%

8%


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106

Do any of your employees work from home? Fulltime

Occasionally

No

34

59

20

30%

52%

18%

Do the existing Internet service options in the county impact your decision to locate in or stay in the county? Yes

No

60

51

54%

46%

What other telecommunications needs do you have that were not covered in this survey? Tere was a very large response to this question, and many businesses provided detailed

answers. Please see Appendix F forthis data. Any other comments? Tere was a very large response to this question, and many businesses provided detailed

answers. Please see Appendix G forthis data. Do you work from home? I work part time at home for another company.

7%

I work full time at home for another company.

6%

I need nights and weekends access for company business.

23%

I am self employed and work part time from home.

25%

I am self employed and work full time from home.

29%

I never work from home.

9%


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106

Gap Analysis and Current Conditions BUSINESS BANDWIDTH NEEDS Te

table below shows bandwidth consumption for several types of businesses and a projection of the bandwidth needed 5 and 10 years out. Te cost of fuel is already affecting business travel decisions, and more and more businesses will invest in HD quality business videoconference systems to reduce the need for travel. Tese HD systems require substantial bandwidth; a two way HD video conference requires 20-25 megabits during the conference, and a three way conference requires 30-35 megabits during the conference. As more workers try to reduce the cost of driving to and f rom work by working part or full time f rom home, the business location must provide network access (Virtual Private Network, or VPN) to the employees working from home. Tese home-based workers will make extensive use of videoconferencing to attend routine office meetings remotely and to enhance communications with co-workers, including videoconferences with other home-based workers in the company. A VPN network providing remote access to just two or three home-based employees could require 50 megabits of bandwidth during normal work hours.

Description

Large Business

Small Business

Home Based Worker

A larger business with about 50 workstations.

A small business A single employee A home business with 10 to 15 working at home with one or two employees, and for his/her employees working 7-10 company. at home. workstations.

Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Use Mbps Use Mbps Use Mbps

Telephone TV HDTV Credit Card Validation Security System Internet VPN Connection Data Backup Web Hosting Workforce Training (online classes) HD Videoconferencin Telecommuting workers Totals 5 years from now (megabits) 10 years from now (megabits)


20

1.28 0

5

0.32 0

0 4

4 1

1

1

0

0

1 2

20

1

10

0

0

1

10

10

100

2

20

1

10

1

10

5

15

2

6

0

0

0

5 5

7 1

205.0

1

0

0.25 30 25 7.5 2

20

0.25 10.5 0 1.5 0

0.064 0

0

1 1

Concurrent Use Mbps

0.064 0

0 1

Business From Home

0.25 1.5 5 1.5 0

1 1 1

49.6

1

0.25 1.5 0 1.5 0

1 1

0

18.3

23.3

615

149

55

70

1845

446

165

210

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106

RESIDENTIAL BANDWIDTH NEEDS Te

table below depicts the bandwidth needed for typical residential services which are available now or will be available in the near future. In a next generation network all services will be delivered over a single network infrastructure which will require an access network that can support providing most services to most consumers simultaneously. Today’s shared networks (cable and wireless in particular) rely on the “bursty” nature of traffic to provide services to end users. If all end users were consuming their “advertised” bandwidth today’s cable and DSL networks would grind to a halt. In fact, they already are; some cable providers have begun to receive heavy criticism for undocumented manipulation of data traffic. Existing cable modem network users are overwhelming the digital cable networks that were upgraded as little as three or four years ago, and the firms have had to artificially reduce the bandwidth available for certain kinds of high bandwidth services (e.g. peer to peer file sharing). Some cable providers have even run into capacity issues with the TV portion of their networks, and some consumers have observed that some HD TV channels have been so highly compressed that picture quality has been noticeably degraded when compared to the same channel delivered by satellite. Residential Daytime

Early Evening

Increased video, Intermittent voice and Internet Television and use as children Internet use across arrive home from a small percentage school and of households. employees f rom

Description

Evening and Late Night

Snow Day

Peak television and Internet use. Multiple TV’s are on, phone and computer being used.

On top of typical daytime traffic children are home from school, and many employees are home working.

Concurrent Mbps Concurrent Mbps Concurrent Mbps Concurrent Mbps Use Use Use Use

Telephone

1

Standard Definition TV TVHD

1

0.25 0

1

0 1

1

5

0.25 4.5

3

1

2

1

2

5

4

1

0

4

1

4

1

4

0

0

0

1

10

1

10

2

20

0

Totals

1

1

2

1

12

0.25 3

2

0.5

0

2.5

3

1

0.064

1

8

0.25 1.5

1

1

2.5

2

1

0.064

1

8

0.25 1.5

1

1

2.5

2

1

0.064

1

4

Online Gaming

Backup Data Telehealth (subscriber) Distance Learning / Workforce Training HD Videoconferencing

1

2.5

1

Security System Internet

VPN Connection

0.064

0 12.6

0 33.8

1

14

35.8

58.3

5 years from now (megabits)

38

101

107

175

10 years from now (megabits)

113

304

322

525


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106

LOCAL PRICING DATA Te information below provides pricing data and

services available from providers in the area. Pricing for Blaze Broadband services is still under development, but most Blaze customers pay between $50/month and $200/month for service.

FOR ZIP CODE 22720, 22734, 22712, 22728 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. VIRGINIA BROADBAND LLCpossible) (Fixed Wireless speeds of 15mbps $19.99 for 1GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $34.99 for 2GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $49.99 for 5GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $64.99 for 10GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $79.99 for 25GB/mo * Install: $100 (discounted) $114.99 for 50GB/mo *Install: FREE. Additional GB’s can be added in blocks of 10 for just $10/mo (that’s $1/GB) Residential and Small Businesses $225/mo with FREE Install Large Businesses w/multiple connections $299/mo


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FOR ZIP CODE 22742 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase

VIRGINIA BROADBAND LLCpossible) (Fixed Wireless speeds of 15mbps $19.99 for 1GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $34.99 for 2GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $49.99 for 5GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $64.99 for 10GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $79.99 for 25GB/mo * Install: $100 (discounted) $114.99 for 50GB/mo *Install: FREE. Additional GB’s can be added in blocks of 10 for just $10/mo (that’s $1/GB) Residential and Small Businesses $225/mo with FREE Install Large Businesses w/multiple connections $299/mo FOR ZIP CODES 20119, 20137 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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FOR ZIP CODE 20187 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. SHENTEL $99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap. $139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap. $199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap. FOR ZIP CODE 20186, 20115 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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SHENTEL $99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap. $139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap. $199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap. VIRGINIA BROADBAND LLC (Fixed Wireless speeds of 15mbps possible) $19.99 for 1GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $34.99 for 2GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $49.99 for 5GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $64.99 for 10GB/mo * Install: $149.99 $79.99 for 25GB/mo * Install: $100 (discounted) $114.99 for 50GB/mo *Install: FREE. Additional GB’s can be added in blocks of 10 for just $10/mo (that’s $1/GB) Residential and Small Businesses $225/mo with FREE Install Large Businesses w/multiple connections $299/mo FOR ZIP CODE 20198 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. SHENTEL $99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap. $199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap. ALL POINTS BROADBAND Fixed Wireless $199.00/mo for 15 mbps. 15 mbps" and 4.0 mbps # w/ no data cap. Contract Term: 1 year. Setup: $49.00 (Includes installation and equipment.) FOR ZIP CODE 20184 ALL POINTS BROADBAND Fixed Wireless $199.00/mo for 15 mbps. 15 mbps" and 4.0 mbps # w/ no data cap. Contract Term: 1 year. Setup: $49.00 (Includes installation and equipment.) FOR ZIP CODE 20144, 22643 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase. SHENTEL $99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap. $139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap. $199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap. FOR ZIP CODE 22639 VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase.


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CENTURYLINK $34.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps" and -- mbps # 1-year promo rate. Contract Term: 1 year. AutoPay enrollment and paperless billing required. Setup: $0 (Free internet activation. Free modem shipping for self-installation option. Standard tech installation is $59.99.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo or one-time $99.99 $44.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps" and -- mbps #. 1-year promo rate. Contract Term: 1 year. AutoPay enrollment and paperless billing required. Setup: $0 (Free internet activation. Standard tech installation is $59.99.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo or one-time $99.99 FOR ZIP CODE 22642 CENTURYLINK $34.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps" and -- mbps # 1-year promo rate. Contract Term: 1 year. AutoPay enrollment and paperless billing required. Setup: $0 (Free internet activation. Free modem shipping for self-installation option. Standard tech installation is $59.99.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo or one-time $99.99 $44.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps" and -- mbps #. 1-year promo rate. Contract Term: 1 year. AutoPay enrollment and paperless billing required. Setup: $0 (Free internet activation. Standard tech installation is $59.99.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo or one-time $99.99 SHENTEL $99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap. "

#

$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap. $199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps" and 10 mbps # w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap. VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase. WINDSTREAM $69.99/mo for 25 mbps " and -- mbps #. Bundled with unlimited phone. Setup: $0 (Free professional installation. Activation is $50.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo $59.99/mo for 25 mbps " and -- mbps #. Bundled with unlimited phone. Setup: $0 (Free shipping of equipment and self-install kit. Professional installation is $35. Activation is $50.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo


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$269.99/mo 500 mbps " and 500 mbps # w/ no data cap. 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $279.99. Contract Term: 2 years with $165 ETF. Setup: $80. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo or one-time $199 XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. FOR ZIP CODE 22642 VERIZON FIOS $49.99/mo 50 mbps " and 50 mbps # w/ no data cap. 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $59.99. Contract Term: 2 years with $165 ETF. Setup: $80 (Setup fee) Modem w/ WiFi: $10/ mo or one-time $199. $59.99/mo 100 mbps " and 100 mbps # w/ no data cap. 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.99. Contract Term: 2 years with $165 ETF. Setup: $80 (Setup fee) Modem w/ WiFi: $10/ mo or one-time $199 $269.99/mo for 500 mbps " and 500 mbps # w/ no data cap. 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $279.99. Contract Term: 2 years with $165 ETF. Setup: $80. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo or one-time $199 XFINITY

$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps " and 2.0 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem: $10/mo $39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps " and 5.0 mbps # 1-year promo rate.Regular rate is $69.95. Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo $82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps " and 10 mbps # Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo. VERIZON DSL $29.99/mo for 3 Mbps." 768 Kbps #1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase $19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. " 384 Kbps # Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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INTERVIEWS AND USER FEEDBACK Design Nine interviewed a variety of County officials and met with a variety of interested parties and stakeholders. Dr. David Jeck (Superintendent), Louis McDonald (IT Director) Louis is continuing the design of the wireless network for the schools. Two thirds of school buildings are connected via a 200 Megabit/second circuit from Comcast and a 2 Gigabit/ second Internet connection. Te school system pays Comcast $250,000/year through E-Rate which provides about half the cost of the service. Tere are two plus years remaining on the Comcast contract.Te school system has only used up to 1 Gigabit on the 2 Gigabit Internet connection so far. Louis said that it was recommended that the system be capable of providing 1 Gigabit per 1,000 students.Te county school system would need 10 Gigabit/second connection to meet this guideline. Louis’s problem is that some elementary schools only have a 20 Megabit/second connection, so a much larger circuit will be needed in the near future to meet the minimum recommended guidelines for Internet capacity at each school. Meeting with Regina Miller (Owner) and Mike Overton (COO and IT Mgr) Miller Brothers Miller Brothers, General Contractors in Marshall, VA acquired a business fiber-optic link from Verizon which waived the minimum number of endpoints to run a quarter-mile length. Verizon charged $60,000 for installation with Miller Brothers installing the conduit. Te regular monthly charge was $3,000/month, but Verizon has only charged $760/month, about half of the $1,300/month Miller Brothers had been paying previously for an “unreliable and slow” copper DSL line.Tere have been no additional problems after the fiber line was installed. Te process took four months for paperwork and another three months for approval. Miller Brothers uses Verizon Wireless for communications at various job sites. Ike Broadus, Vint Hill commercial property developer and business owner (Old Bust Head Brewery) Ike has tried to work as a home-based business but needs to commute to work to get better broadband service through a Blaze Broadband wireless 20 Megabit/second connection. Tere is a quarter mile line-of-site connection to a tower that serves all tenants in the Vint Hill business park. Tenants use VoIP, PoS (Point of Sale) , graphic file uploads. Eventually one park tenant got access to Comcast fiber which was installed to serve GRC printing, but which was also stapled to the f ront of Ike’s building. Comcast would not respond to Ike’s request to weave the fiber through Ike’s building and wouldn’t even move the fiber so that Ike could renovate the front of his building. Two other park tenants in another building now have Comcast fiber. Blaze Broadband has taken over fiber in the park to connect to the wireless tower for backhaul. Blaze intends to install more conduit and fiber. Novak Solutions got the fiber to the Blaze tower. Satellite service Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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is very bad, poor cell phone service. Cell cards are useless. Ike owns a software company with many remote workers. Ike acquired a T1 service for $350/month and then replaced the T1 line with Blaze Broadband. Miles Friedman, Beverly Pullen, Catherine Payne, Laura Torpy from Fauquier County EDC Miles emphasized the importance of better broadband for business development needs. Many areas of Fauquier County are underserved with broadband business services. Comcast has refused to improve broadband services to businesses. Mile said that County Commissioner Gerhardt was committed to better broadband in the county. A creative solution is required to create a viable public/private partnership. Miles said that fiber management will be a problem since the county cannot get accurate fiber inventory status from the current fiber owners (ILEC & CLEC). Kevin Greeley, CEO OSSI, an IT management company in Marshall, VA Kevin said Comcast is the primary cable provider in the county. Tere are few reliability or latency problems for most Comcast users. T1 connections are available for $550/month for 1.5 Megabit/second connections. Exede Internet can provide connectivity with 12 Megabit/sec download and 4 Megabit/second upload speeds for $130/month with up to 50 Gig/month transmission cap.Te biggest problem is in the residential market, but the topography is not suited to wireless. Broadband providers are not likely to be attracted to the low population density in much of the county. If a network was installed and operated independent of the county, then it might be successful. Many residents are opposed to tower construction and to business development in general. Kevin feels that there are already adequate communications facilities for the government sector. A new network needs to be “apolitical.”Tomasville, Georgia is a good example of a municipal broadband network that functions well. Tomasville installed a fiber ring that benefits all the residents of the town. Dennis Taylor, Paradigm Solutions Dennis is a member of the county’s broadband committee and lives in Catlett. He had Adelphia cable installed before Comcast acquired Adelphia. He now has a Comcast bundle with VoIP, TV for $250/month. Broadband has a burst rate up to 100 Megabit/second. He’s able to work successfully from home. Te cost for new cable installations is high. Dennis feels that the broadband committee has been very successful. Te county has now become very probusiness. Previously residential growth was restricted to 3%/year. Judy Olsen, Judy Olsen Design Judy lives in Orlean and uses Exede for broadband wireless. She worked from home until two years ago when she decided to move her business into Warrenton for better Internet connectivity. She now has a 10 Gig/month transmission cap connection for $120/month and reaches her data cap in about a week. She now makes her Internet connection at the Innovation Center and gets better service with AT&T on her iPad. Judy cannot subscribe to Blaze Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Broadband’s wireless service at home because she lives in a hollow. She thinks that Verizon might have installed fiber in her house at some point. Judy lives nine miles outside of Warrenton and evaluated every option available, even a T1 at $550/month, but none were feasible or affordable. Jennifer Goldman, Owner of Resonance Jennifer manages two county enterprise centers in Vint Hill and Marshall where she lives. She uses Exede Internet for broadband connectivity at $60/month, but finds the service unreliable. Other services at higher speeds are cost prohibitive. Te business incubators in Marshall now has “high speed” Comcast service.Te incubators have seven to eight offices each and could have ten to twelve constant broadband users. Te businesses include life insurance, digital marketing, a Navy contractor, and a medical doctor. Blaze Broadband is used at the winery in Marshall. Jennifer said many students in Marshall have difficulty making useful Internet connections to complete homework assignments. Martha Kelly, U.S. State Department Consultant Tere are 15 Martha lives in a private community eight miles east of Warrenton near Rte 29. land owners on 158 acres of land and 13 houses with no broadband service. She bought her property 20 years ago when she worked in Washington, D.C. and she worked from home one day a week using a T1 line. Her service at home is now very poor; she cannot use a modem. Verizon said that it will not maintain the copper wire and the DSL service needs a “boosting station”. Her house is in a hollow with no towers and no wireless connection. Some houses have satellite service while some have a Comcast connection for which they paid a $10,000 installation fee.

Martha complained that Verizon was given a monopoly to provide efficient landline service, but now all they want to sell is their wireless service. Martha has no TV at home and the copper landline is more than forty years old. Martha now has a consulting practice and uses a George Mason University facility for which she pays $200/month. For this she has a desk in an open area, but also has a decent Internet connection. Martha had previously been stationed in war-torn Goma in the Central African Republic while she worked at the State Department. Her email service there was better than her current service at home. She is currently working for the Congressional Quarterly and Highland Financial Services but can’t use her Internet connection to load and deliver product pictures. She feels it’s ironic that she lives 45 miles west of Washington, D.C. and can’t get a decent Internet connection. Joe Martin, President of Fauquier County Chamber of Commerce, Natalie Howard, Warrenton Chamber of Commerce Joe is also on the broadband committee with Rick Gerhardt. Joe is hoping to change height restrictions on wireless towers 80’ maximum to 120’. Joe lives in Manassas and pays about $500/


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month for a Verizon FiOS bundled service. He pays $260 for a Comcast business service to his office in Warrenton. Joe said that Marshall was bigger than the three incorporated municipalities (Te Plaines, Remington, Warrenton) in Fauquier County. Joe would like to increase the partnership with the county and its municipalities. An organization was formed to purchase most of Vint Hill. Tere are nine service districts Te districts should have all designated for growth, but there has not been much activity so far. the services needed for growth, and high-speed broadband is one of those needs. Joe says the Chamber wants to bring desirable businesses – government contractors, light manufacturing, tech companies – to the county and increase telecommuting opportunities which could increase the number of satellite or branch o ffices of larger businesses.Te county needs more “bricks and ff work from home. mortar.” Joe’s wife works for a company in North Carolina and all the sta She rarely travels to North Carolina from Manassas. Natalie has HughesNet satellite service at home for $91/month with Internet only. DirectTV provides television. Angie Tomas, Mgr Forecasting NERC; Bob Bisson, PE, VP Electric System Development at Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative Angie and Bob agreed that the broadband study is needed and that improved broadband service will stimulate additional business in the county. NOVEC, Rappahannock and Dominion provide electrical service in the county. NOVEC does not directly sell electrical power; it only provides transmission. It has no conduit. Ann Greene, Marshall Real Estate Marshall Real Estate pays $310/month for Comcast internet and three phone lines. Comcast is the primary broadband provider, but potential subscribers can’t get them to move beyond the provider’s current, static footprint. Verizon DSL is also available, but only to existing customers in Marshall. Verizon also provides “Home Fusion” rooftop antenna service costing $130/month for 30 Gig/month data caps and additional $20/Gig beyond the basic data cap.Tis service can stream video acceptably but data cap is reached rapidly. Cell phone service can transmit data to some extent, but it’s very slow in rural areas. Piedmont Broadband provides direct “line of sight” service for $80/month with unlimited data and a $400 equipment setup fee. Marshall is currently undergoing a major Main Street renovation project and this would be an ideal time to install additional broadband inf rastructure. Real estate businesses in the area are losing business because of the poor broadband service available.


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Joel Barkman, Owner, Golden Rule Builders, Catlett VA Blaze Broadband installed an antenna on the Catlett water tower, but then Comcast came to Catlett. Joel pays $160/month for 100 Megabit/second Comcast Internet service at home and Tere is an AT&T tower in business. He did construction work for Comcast to get the service. the town; Joel doesn’t think there would be much resident opposition to new towers in the area. Guy Hinkler, Owner of Inserity and Chair of Fauquier County Chamber of Commerce EDC Committee Guy owned an IT company in Manassas with fifty employees. He owns a fifty-acre farm in Midland about six miles off Rte 28 and he’s bored. It’s difficult to work remotely from the farm where he only has access to Excede ($50/month) or HughesNet ($70/month) He’s had problems with both services but he has a two-year contract. He uses up his monthly quota in two days. Cell towers are inadequate for voice in his neighborhood. Guy acquired a hot spot for his phone with Sprint’s service but it’s slow and undependable. Guy has been waiting a long time for this broadband study. He says that it provides hope to the community. It currently takes two and a half hours to commute to Tyson’s Corner along Rte 66. Sean LaChance (Network Mgr, Fauquier County); Donna Cason (Asst Network Mgr, Fauquier County) County owns some fiber in Warrenton, so the county is connecting Warrenton sites, including schools. Verizon and Comcast provide “standard”services. Verizon is servicing the library.Te IT department recently completed upgrading rescue services from ISDN. Tere are no other plans for upgraded services. Tere are no charge backs to other departments for IT services. All expenses are handled within the IT budget.

EXISTING ASSETS AND DEMOGRAPHY Te maps below and

on the following pages include:

• Points of interest, including household density (an important factor when evaluating new service areas). • Unserved areas (data from the NTIA National Broadband Map), and areas of low and moderate income, which can be important when applying for grants. CDBG (Community Development Block Grants) favor projects in LMI areas. Some Federal grants like Community Connect are only available for unserved areas. • Towers in various parts of the county. Tese are taken from the FCC tower registry and American Tower. Te FCC registry which includes both cell towers and other kinds of towers (e.g. radio/TV broadcast towers, public safety towers). • Fiber routes in the region, where the telcos have been willing to provide that data.


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FIBER ASSETS IN THE COUNTY Te map below shows the fiber assets that have been identified in the county. Incumbents like Verizon and Comcast will not share their fiber route maps. Te County have excellent access to long haul carriers, including MBC (Mid-Atlantic Broadband), Zayo, and Paetec Zayo is a Tier One national Internet provider, and Paetec is another large long haul provider with assets from North Carolina up through New England and into the Midwest. Access to the facilities and commodity pricing of these two companies is an important advantage in the county. MBC is a Virginia-based open access fiber provider that brings additional large and medium-sized Internet and telecom providers into the county. u nty Frede rick Co ty Wa rre n Cou n W

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FAUQUIER COUNTY FCC ENTITY TABLE 1015406 American Towers, Inc. 1016110 Dettra Communications Inc 1017847 Virginia, Commonwealth Of 1018735 WTKF INC DBA = WKCW 1024355 Crown Atlantic Company, LLC 1029336 Norfolk Southern Corp. 1062715 Community Wireless Structures LLC 1206654 Virginia Department of State Police 1209660 Fauquier County Board of Supervisors 1227051 Crown Communication Inc. 1228316 STC Tree LLC 1231158 Manakin Towers LLC 1232393 National Communication Towers, LLC 1234743 STC Tree LLC 1237733 Vint Hill Economic Development Authority 1240611 Pinnacle Towers Acquisition LLC 1242426 Warrenton Fauquier Joint Communications 1257143 Commonwealth of Virginia Dept. of Aviation

FAUQUIER COUNTY AMERICAN TOWER ENTITY TABLE 375725 Calverton VA 375005 Delaplane 375143 Delaplane II Te Plains VA 410238 88314 Morrisville @ Route 651 88337 Warrenton 2 90221 Morrisville VA 2491 Warrenton (FIRST VA) 15308 Moonrock US-VA-2224 Warrenton Po VA US-VA-2220 Sumerduck Po VA US-VA-2197 Hume Po VA US-VA-2179 Bealeton Po VA US-VA-8500 Campbell Revocable Living Trust VA 88302 Haymarket


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Broadband Strategies Fauquier County has a variety of options and strategies available to improve broadband availability. Te

following pages provide a set of strategies: some can be applied to meet very specific needs in individual areas. Other strategies can be applied more broadly.Tese include: Form an Authority — Te County would benefit from collaborating on broadband initiatives, and collaboration with adjacent counties could also be very beneficial. Public/Private Partnerships — All telecom, at varying levels, involve both public and private collaboration. Tower Leasing — W here space is available on existing county-owned towers, make that space available to wireless providers. In rural areas where thereare no towers, consider constructing new towers for fixed wireless broadband use. Encourage the Use of Wooden Utility Poles— Wider use of wooden utility poles for access to wireless fixed point broadband could improve Internet connectivity in rural areas of the county. Fiber/Wireless Hybrid Network — In some areas of the county, placing fiber on rural roads and using a high performance wireless connection for the connection between the rural home and the road could reduce costs and offer performance similar to an all fiber design. Meet-me Box and Fiber Drop Strategy — Meet-me boxes and inexpensive fiber drops to nearby homes or business/retail locations could attract improved wireless services from service providers and/or promote increased competition. Demand Aggregation — A simple ongoing Web-based survey managed by the County that collects customer demand information (including location) could be distributed periodically to service providers. Referendum — It may be useful to have a public vote on allocating funds for broadband improvements in the county. Nano-cell Cellular Strategy — In some parts of the county where broadband service to the home is adequate but cellular service is poor, wider use of nano-cell equipment can provide improved cellular phone service in homes and rural businesses. Service District Funding Strategy — Coupled with the demand aggregation strategy, some areas of the county could be designated as “broadband service districts” to provide a funding mechanism for broadband infrastructure improvements.


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FORM A BROADBAND AUTHORITY In Virginia, broadband authorities are used for broadband network projects that require long term oversight. Te Commonwealth of Virginia has created enabling legislation specifically for broadband authorities, and there about twenty that have been formed (about ten are active). Te

Authority offers arms-length separation of routine decision-making from local government. A key benefit of an Authority is that provides the oversight and management structure if participation from more than one local government entity is desirable. Tese regional agreements are widely used by local governments for the ownership and control of essential infrastructure that is better managed regionally. Te County

could form a County-only Authority, but surrounding localities, including Culpeper, the Town of Warrenton, Stafford, Prince William, Loudoun and Rappahannock counties may also be interested. Networks do not stop at political boundaries; Fauquier would benefit from being part of a larger regional collaboration to develop better broadband infrastructure through cost sharing and improved grant funding opportunities. The basic principle underlying this approach is to create an independent management and governance entity that operates on a non-profit/cost-plus basis and which is firmly vested in the community. Some of the advantages of this approach include: A single entity has the primary responsibility for improving broadband access and affordability throughout the area. Broadband authorities have revenue bonding authority, which provides a stable, long term financing solution. Revenue bond financing is particularly attractive as it does not affect the credit rating of the local governments involved and has little or no impact on local property tax rates. Te

enterprise is firmly vested in the community or region, as opposed to a private venture (e.g. a LLC or coop), and via the board of directors, the local governments can guide the long term goals and objectives of the organization.

OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE If a regional authority is planned, each participating local government must advertise and pass a resolution to join the Authority. Te minimum amount of time needed for this process is sixty to ninety days. Broadband authorities are registered with the State Corporation Commission, which is a straightforward process with minimal paperwork. Te authority has to have a charter document and a set of bylaws. Te charter and bylaws could be drafted easily from the documents already developed by other Virginia broadband authorities. A Board of Directors has to be appointed, with typically five to seven members. In a single county authority, there is often a board member for each magisterial district. In a multi-jurisFauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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dictional authority, each locality typically appoints one or two members. Board members should have substantial management and business experience. Not all members need to have a telecom background. COST DISCUSSION Te direct cost of forming an authority is nominal. On an ongoing basis, an authority needs to have some funds available for a variety of projects if it is to be effective. Each participating locality should be prepared to provide a fair share of funding, with amounts based on mutually agreed upon projects and initiatives. If Authority investments are largely limited to passive infrastructure (e.g. dark fiber, conduit, wireless towers), the operational costs and responsibilities will be limited. Conduit and dark fiber would be leased to the private sector and lease prices would be structured to cover most or all of the ongoing operational costs. FUNDING OPTIONS Authorities, as a political subdivision, are eligible to apply for many kinds of state and Federal funding. For large projects with an appropriately identified revenue stream, an authority can bond directly. Te VRA (Virginia Resource Authority) is able to assist broadband authorities with revenue bond development, but bonding is probably not an early funding possibility. ARC and DHCD/CDBG grants may be the best “first phase” funding opportunities. Local governments that choose to be members may need to make modest annual contributions. A key reason for the region to form an broadband authority is to be able to show regional collaboration on broadband improvements. Tere is a marked preference in grant programs at both the state and Federal level for collaborative funding requests. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS An Authority can be started and managed without any paid staff, but that will depend on the level of support available from the County and/or other localities as well as any other funding sources that the Authority can tap for support. Te Authority is more likely to have a significant impact if it has at least one paid employee (which could be part time). Operations and management tasks would be determined by the kind of infrastructure improvements that are made. A focus on passive infrastructure would keep operational responsibilities to a minimum. RECOMMENDATION Rural businesses and residents in the region need a strong advocate for broadband. Improvements to broadband access and affordability are more likely to be successful if there is a single entity in the region that has primary responsibility for those improvements. Current activities relating to broadband are spread across several several localities with limited individual resources. Te local governments of the region (i.e. Fauquier county and the surrounding counties) should form an Authority and provide an appropriate level of initial funding. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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FORMING AN AUTHORITY Te legal formation of the Authority is straightforward, with a simple registration form and fee submitted to the Virginia State Corporation Commission. Other steps prior to submitting the application should include: • Consensus among leadership on whether or not to pursue a multi-jurisdictional Authority to include Fauquier County, and some or all of the adjacent/nearby counties of Loudoun, Stafford, Prince William, Warrenton, Culpeper, and Rappahannock. • Resolution passed by the Board of Supervisors/Town Council in each locality to create the Authority. • A charter for the authority has to be created. Te charter is relatively short, and there are many samples available f rom existing authorities. • A set of bylaws are required. As with the charter document, many examples are available from other authorities. Single county authorities typically appoint board members by magisterial districts (e.g. each BoS member appoints a representative from their own district). Multi-jurisdictional authorities typically have one or two members from each participating locality. Authority boards meet monthly or quarterly depending on staffing, operational responsibilities, and funding. •

Te

Authority will require both initial funding and some ongoing financial support from the participating locality or localities. Tese funds may be relatively modest, but will be needed to support early costs (e.g. hiring a grant writer on an as-needed basis for grant opportunities, technical advice, and other start up expenses).

• For many Virginia broadband authorities, locality staff often provide significant technical, financial, and administrative support. Staff who are going to be directed to provide support will need direction on amount of time to allocate to the Authority and the kind of support to provide. Some authorities have a part or full time staff member to provide leadership and to manage day to day interactions with service providers, incumbents, County/Town staff, citizens, and other stakeholders (e.g. economic development entities, state agencies, etc.).


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PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS Because virtually any modern broadband network (and most older telecom networks) use public right of way for a large portion of network distribution, ALL business models are “public/private partnerships.” Te notion of the public/private partnership is not a distinct business model, but rather exists along a continuum, with minimal public involvement on one end (i.e. only use of public right of way) to full public ownership on the other end. SERVICE PROVIDERS In the County, service providers have to be part of the solution, and some service providers have been participating as part of the Broadband Advisory Committee. No matter what investments the county chooses to make, service providers will have to use the new infrastructure to make the local government investments successful. While in many respects telecom infrastructure investments share many similarities with other public utilities (e.g. roads, water, sewer) there is one fundamental difference. Other public utilities like water and sewer have a captive audience and the utility is able to operate as a monopoly–meaning the customer base can be taken for granted. Early discussions with service providers have been positive, with at least several providers expressing a readiness to offer services if the county makes new infrastructure (like tower access for WISPs) available at fair prices. Regional telecom investments will be a public/private enterprise, and service providers are the primary customers of the infrastructure. Service providers cannot be taken for granted. Instead, a fair fee structure, high quality inf rastructure, excellent maintenance and operations (where needed), and flexibility on business agreements and pricing will be required to recruit and retain service providers. Projects that are not successful in attracting service providers will fail. Affordable lease rates for tower space and/or fiber connections will attract service providers. Other open access projects fficulty getting service (Danville, Te Wired Road, FastRoads, Utopia) have not had any di providers to use the inf rastructure.


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TOWER LEASING Existing government-owned towers that have spare vertical space could be upgraded to support wireless providers on those towers at relatively low cost. In unserved and underserved areas of the County where there are no public safety towers, new towers could be erected and offered to wireless service providers. Increased coordination among public service uses and broadband uses could also reap benefits, with fewer towers providing better ser vices for public safety, K12 broadband use, and general residential and business use. Any placement of new towers should be preceded by a careful viewshed analysis (how much area/users are likely to be able to receive service). Site acquisition and site preparation costs can affect the overall cost of such a project. Existing local government properties (e.g.fire/rescue stations, county parks, dump transfer sites, etc.) may be candidates for towers. Tower space leased to wireless service providers (WISPs) can generate a small revenue stream, but the high cost of acquiring new wireless customers and the relatively low profit margins for in the wireless business will require only modest fees at best. Te payback for the initial cost of a new tower could be fifteen years or more. At least one Virginia county is contemplating providing free or very low fee access to their towers with the goal of rapidly improving broadband access in their underserved areas. Te

maps on the following pages show what kind of service coverage would be possible by using either existing towers or placing new towers in some locations where service is currently poor. OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE Fauquier County government already successfully manages towers. challenges to adding more towers (six to eight as a maximum).

Tere are no special

COST DISCUSSION Upgrades to existing towers typically may include adding or upgrading generators, additional cabinet or shelter space for ser vice provider equipment, and sometime fencing and physical access changes.


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INCREASED WOOD UTILITY POLE USE Fauquier county has a rolling terrain and heavy tree cover that makes wireless broadband service more difficult. Te tree cover is a constant problem for rural residents and businesses, as good line of site is required for fixed wireless Internet services. Even newer technologies like white space and LTE systems work better with clear line of sight to distant towers. Te increased use of wooden utility

poles is already common in some other Virginia counties, and increased use of this technique to get the customer CPE radio/antenna above tree cover is a relatively simple solution. OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE Te utility poles would normally be placed on private property, subject to existing or updated ordinances governing the placement of wooden utility poles. County would have no responsibility for maintenance and repairs.

Te

COST DISCUSSION cost of placing an eighty foot pole can range f rom a low of about $2,000 to $7,000 or more, depending on permitting, engineering requirements, and the location of the pole. Fauquier’s “by right” permitting of these poles is a substantial benefit; it reduces the cost of installing them. Some other Virginia localities have onerous permitting and engineering requirements that make it more expensive for property owners to pursue this option.

Te

FUNDING OPTIONS Because these are placed on private land, local government would not have to provide any direct funding. However, the County could encourage wider use of this option with a public awareness campaign developed in partnership with wireless providers. Local banks could be encouraged to provide low cost financing of the poles so that property owners could make a small interest and principal payment monthly over several years to reduce the financial impact. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS County incurs no ongoing operational or management costs.

Te

RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS Given that this strategy requires minimal financial support from the County and has the potential of improving broadband access in rural areas quickly, the County should promote the use of this option. Existing wireless providers would also benefit, as they would be able to provide service to more customers.


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MEET-ME BOX AND FIBER DROP STRATEGY In certain areas of the county, some smaller communities, and rural neighborhoods and subdivisions, “meet me” boxes could be installed. A meet me box is a telecom cabinet with fiber cables installed between the cabinet and nearby homes and/or buildings. Providers only have to reach the meet-me box,lowering their costs. Both wireline and wireless providers can use this infrastructure. Tis approach can also be used to provide fiber services in business and industrial parks. Charles City County installed five miles of fiber in their business park and was able to attract a Tier One provider to provide service to an existing business (a Home Depot manufacturing plant that was going to leave if the County did not help them get better Internet ser vice). A dark fiber approach is recommended to minimize operational costs. Service providers would install their own equipment in the cabinet and would pay a small monthly lease fee for the fiber strands they use to connect customers to their services. OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE Te meet-me boxes and related fiber, conduit, and handholes could be owned by the County or a broadband authority. COST DISCUSSION For a meet-me box installed in a “main street” area (e.g in an alley behind commercial/retail buildings) with relatively inexpensive and short fiber drop cables into nearby buildings, the lower end of an installation might start at $35,000. For a box installed in a rural sub-division that requires distribution conduit/fiber and drop cables, the cost to connect 25 homes might start at $175,000 on the low end and increase as the number of homes connected increases. Larger numbers of homes or businesses will each add to the cost, but adding more connected premises also increases the value of the infrastructure and increases the revenue potential. FUNDING OPTIONS In some areas, where it can be shown that this infrastructure is going to keep existing jobs and/ or add new jobs, CDBG funds may be available to support the initial capital costs. Some local match (e.g. 10% to 20%) may also be required. Providers will pay monthly lease fees for the fiber strands they use to connect customers, and these fees will cover some or all of the ongoing operational costs. Te greater the number of connected customers, the larger the revenue potential. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Te cabinet requires electric power and has integrated heating and cooling. Service providers using the infrastructure would install their own equipment and be responsible for the maintenance and repairs of their own equipment.


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For routine and emergency break-fix maintenance on the fiber or the cabinet HVAC, a small as-needed repair contract would be required with a firm qualified to make fiber splicing repairs and related service work. Emergency repairs would be rare, and routine maintenance would also be very limited. It would be possible for the county IT department to support some of the routine management of this infrastructure. Monitoring and repair management could also be outsourced. If an Authority were formed, the Authority would probably choose to outsource all responsibilities except contract management (i.e. contracts with repair and monitoring firms). RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS Because this requires owning and managing infrastructure, the County will need to discuss how to handle the ownership of these assets and the ongoing operational responsibilities.


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DEMAND AGGREGATION A very brief survey that collects address information and bandwidth needs can collect valuable demand data that can be passed on to ISPs and/or help direct County infrastructure investments. For both wireline and wireless services, neighborhoods (often as few as a handful of homes) can aggregate their demand to attract improved service f rom ISPs. Te current broadband surveys that are part of this study have collected responses from more than 544 responses by midJuly. Te

Commonwealth recently announced a broadband survey ( RUOnline.virginia.gov) that collects similar information. If that data is available from the state or Virginia Tech (Tech is managing the survey site), there may not be a need to duplicate that survey at the county level. OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE No asset management is required. Tis effort could be managed by the County IT department. Some additional marketing and public awareness work would be needed to collect enough data from county residents and businesses to be useful. COST DISCUSSION A small amount of County staff time would be needed to support the d ata collection/ distribution task and the public awareness effort. FUNDING OPTIONS No special funding required. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS None. RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS Discussion by the Board of Supervisors.


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REFERENDUM It may be useful to have a public vote on allocating funds for broadband improvements in each of the localities. Properly presented to the public, it could be an excellent opportunity to educate the public on the cost of demanding that local government “do something.” Tis approach could have two very different but positive outcomes. • If the voters were asked to support a tax increase or special assessment to support improved broadband in rural areas and they voted “no,” it could take some of the pressure off Supervisors to ‘do something.’ •

Te special assessment could be allocated

by creating service districts. By using the demand aggregation strategy to identify areas where homeowners and businesses are willing to pay an extra fee for improved broadband, the assessment would only be levied based on demand.

• If the voters agreed to support a tax increase or special assessment, then the Supervisors would have a mandate to fund solutions. COST DISCUSSION Staff time would be needed to develop the cost proposition that would be placed on the ballot. Additional effort would be required to provide an appropriate public awareness campaign to educate the public on the meaning and purpose of the referendum. FUNDING OPTIONS No special funding required. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS None. RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS Discussion by the Board of Supervisors.


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NANO-CELL CELLULAR STRATEGY A common complaint in the county is the poor cell service in some areas. In some parts of Fauquier, there may be adequate broadband service via DSL or broadband wireless, but poor cellular phone/data service. Tis problem can be addressed by promoting the wider use of “nano-cell” devices. Tese small pieces of equipment are connected to the DSL modem and provide improved cell service in the home or business. Te working distance of these devices is limited, and service generally drops off once you leave the house itself (it may work for some short distance in the yard). Tese

devices work very well and do not require a large amount of bandwidth. Tey would work with both the DSL and wireless broadband services available in the county. Te

cellular providers do not always promote the use of these devices, so many cellular users who would benefit from their use are not aware that this option is available.Te device averages around $200 retail, but the cellular providers often provide substantial rebates (50% discount or more) and in some cases may provide them at no charge.

Tis

strategy is interesting because improved broadband service can also improve cellular service without the need for more cellular towers , especially in parts of the county where cellular providers have not been able to make the business case for more towers.

COST DISCUSSION Tis strategy does not require any direct funding from the County, but if an Authority is formed, the Authority could develop play role educating residents and businesses about this option. Prior to formal development of the Authority,the County could post information on its Web site, and the local libraries could provide information about this as well. FUNDING OPTIONS No special funding required. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS None. RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS Tis should be developed as a short term strategy whether or not an Authority is formed.


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SERVICE DISTRICT STRATEGY In the Commonwealth, local governments are authorized to form service districts for the purpose of funding various kinds of services and/or infrastructure improvements. If the demand aggregation strategy were used to identify areas of the county where a majority of citizens were willing to pay a special assessment for improved broadband infrastructure, the service district could be created only in that area. Te

service district approach allows fees or special levies to be

assessed only where voters agree to support it, giving supervisors a tool to selectively develop funding for broadband improvements. COST DISCUSSION Te County attorney will be required to assist elected officials with the creation of the service district. FUNDING OPTIONS No special funding required. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Service districts should be created based on defined geographic areas. Some care would have to be taken to define how the funds will be used, and an awareness campaign, coupled with the demand aggregation strategy (e.g. a survey and/or referendum) would be required to determine where the service district(s) would be created. RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS Discussion by the Board of Supervisors and review by the county attorney.


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Wireless Tower Cost Estimate Study Any placement of new towers should be preceded by a careful viewshed analysis (how much area/users are likely to be able to receive service). Site acquisition and site preparation costs can affect the overall cost of such aproject. Existing county properties (e.g.fire/rescue stations, county parks, dump transfer sites, etc.) may be candidates for towers. Tower space leased to wireless service providers (WISPs) can generate a small revenue stream, but the high cost of acquiring new wireless customers and the relatively low profit margins for in the wireless business will require only modest fees at best. Te payback for the initial cost of a new tower could be fifteen years or more. At least one Virginia county is contemplating providing free or very low fee access to their towers with the goal of rapidly improving broadband access in their underserved areas. Te map below shows what might

be possible placing new towers on existing county-owned sites (fire/rescue locations and county parks). If some existing county towers have available space that could be made available to wireless providers, the number of new towers could be reduced. Te

map below shows the potential coverage areas for 180 foot towers in the rural parts of the county when the customer receiving antenna is located 15 feet off the ground.


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Te map below shows the potential coverage areas for

180 foot towers in the same locations as the previous map, but this study assumes that the customer receiving antenna is located 70 feet off the ground—attached to a wooden utility pole. Te area covered by the towers is significantly increased when the receiving antenna can be located above existing tree cover.


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COST DISCUSSION Upgrades to existing towers typically may include adding or upgrading generators, additional cabinet or shelter space for ser vice provider equipment, and sometime fencing and physical access changes. TOWER UPGRADE COST TABLE 1

ITEM/PROJECT

UNITS

BEST ESTIMATE (WEIGHTED AVERAGE)

Estimated Cost (Conservative)

2

Small Telecom Cabinet

1

$6,000

$6,000

3 4

10kW Liquid Propane Generator Cabinet Foundation and Installation

1 1

$6,000 $800

$6,000 $800

5

Spare Fuses

1

$20

$20

6

Power System Installation Materials

1

$40

$40

7

Samlex 1000W Inverter

1

$450

$450

8

Samlex SEC1230-UL Battery Charger

1

$300

$300

9

100ah 12v Non Spillable Backup Battery

1

$350

$350

10 DC Voltage Monitoring Device

1

$60

$60

11 Unmanaged Rack Mount PDU (6O)

1

$45

$45

12 Cabinet Installation Labor

1

$1,000

$1,000

13 Power System Installation Labor

1

$500

$500

14 Generator Installation Labor

1

$1,700

$1,700

15 Project Management

18%

16 Estimated Construction Cost

$3,108 $20,373

New towers have a range of configurations and cost options. If located on existing County property, the time needed to plan for construction can be shortened. If site acquisition or a site lease (of private property) is required, purchase or lease negotiations can add several months to the process. NEW TOWER COST TABLE 1

ITEM/PROJECT

UNITS

COST(HIGH )

BEST ESTIMATE (WEIGHTE D AVERAGE) $3,000

2 Small Telecom Cabinet

1

$3,000.00

3 10kW Liquid Propane Generator

1

$6,000.00

4 CabinetFoundationandInstallation

1

$800.00

$6,000 $800

5 New Power Service / Installation

1

$1,250.00

$1,250

6 180’ Self Supporting Tower Construction Mater ials

1

$22,000.00

$22,000

7 Spare Fuses

1

$20.00

$20

8 Power System Installation Materials

1

$40.00

$40

9 Samlex 1000W Inverter

1

$450.00

$450

1

$300.00

$300

10 Samlex SEC1230-UL Battery Charger


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11 100ah 12v Non Spillable Backup Battery

1

$350.00

$350

12 DC Voltage Monitoring Device

1

$60.00

$60

13 Unmanaged Rack Mount PDU (6O)

1

$45.00

$45

14 Tower Site Land Clearing and Site Development

1

$12,500.00

$12,500

15 180' guyed Tower Construction Labor

1

$26,000.00

$26,000

16 Cabinet Installation Labor

1

$1,000.00

$1,000

17 Power System Installation Labor

1

$500.00

$500

18 Generator Installation Labor

1

$1,700.00

$1,700

19 FCC License Coordination

1

$1,500.00

20 Construction Total:

$1,500 $77,515

21

Project Management, Network Engineering,Testing

22

Site Engineering, Surveying, viewshed analysis Etc.

$23,260 $9,500

23

Misc Fees,Technical Services

$7,500

24

Bookkeeping and Administration

$5,000

25

Contingency

$12,280

26

TOTAL:

$135,055

Notes/Assumptions: Site work - Land acquisition and leases are not included in tower estimate. Site preparation is estimated and assumes a typical site with some small vegetation and work needed. If a site will require more extensive land clearing or road improvement work it should be estimated on a site by site basis. Generator - a small liquid propane generator is included in the estimate for this tower. The estimate does not 27 include a tank and tank install because in our experience this cost is typically covered by the local gas company as long as there is a service contract. Cellular Carriers and Upgrades - Towers at this size must be specifically engineered for their location and equipment load. The pricing shown above is estimated at a size which will support WISP and Public Safety equipment. Designing to accommodate cellular providers should be expected to increase the cost by $75,000 to $150,000.

NEW TOWER SITING CONSIDERATIONS Tere are many factors in choosing sites to develop for towers. Te cost of site prep in an area with unfavorable conditions can quickly outweigh the cost of the actual tower. • Favorable site leasing or purchasing conditions such as County properties, infrastructure sites, industrial areas, or areas with other towers. •

Te site must be

useful to the network f rom the wireless engineering standpoint. Evaluate how the new site will fit into the wireless network and determine if it desirable early in the process.

• Proposed tower sites should be close to a road and accessible by truck. Improving access to a site and repairing damage caused by construction is expected, but constructing new roads on a site will increase costs dramatically. • Proposed sites should be close to grid power. While evaluating a site locate the nearest utility poles or pedestals. If there is no transformer near the site, within 500 feet, there will likely be higher costs to bring power in.


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• Mostly flat, or gently sloping sites cost less to develop than sites with steep terrain. When considering tower sites look for flat areas to place the tower and compound. It may be worth sacrificing some altitude or doing some additional clearing to avoid major ground disturbances and earth work. • It is common to clear some trees and vegetation while developing a tower site, but excessive clearing requirements will raise costs. If sites are in a wooded area look for locations where vegetation is sparse and the tree growth is somewhat young (e.g., 8-10” in diameter). Large trees or very dense brush will be more expensive to clear. • Look for secure sites with limited access. Sites are better o ff in an area that doesn’t get frequent visitors. • Look for tower sites with the potential to connect to fiber networks. Access to multiple fiber providers on a wireless network will be very important to potential tenants and the economic viability of the network. Tings to avoid

• Avoid dense residential areas and retail areas when evaluating tower sites. • Avoid parcels with creeks or other water features that could be an impediment to construction. • Large concrete trucks will have to access the site while constructing the towers. During site evaluation consider the entire route that trucks will have to take. • Avoid locating tower sites near areas where permitting could be an issue. Historic Districts, airports, scenic locations, and areas with strict zoning should be avoided. FUNDING OPTIONS Te relatively low cost of tower upgrades and new tower construction suggests the most expedient funding is direct financial support from the County. If grant funds are needed (e.g. several new towers are proposed), working with public safety officials to combine public safety grant opportunities and public safety capital funds could be very beneficial. OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Towers are passive infrastructure, and if properly designed and constructed, require minimal maintenance. Leasing space to the service providers, who will install their own radios, antennas, and electronics relieves the County of any responsibility for equipment management and configuration, and equipment repairs and replacement. Service providers will be required to do their own tower climbs and repairs to equipment on the tower; the County would not be responsible for any equipment placed on the tower itself.


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RECOMMENDATION AND NEXT STEPS An preliminary analysis of existing county towers and potential county-owned sites for new towers suggests that good coverage could be obtained with careful site analysis. If the County moves forward with this initiative, line of sight and viewshed studies are recommended for existing towers and for any possible new sites. Discussions with wireless service providers to get their input on where they see benefits for improved tower access are also recommended. Next steps would include securing funding, line of sight and viewshed analysis of existing sites, identification of county-owned property for new towers, line of sight and viewshed analysis of the new sites, determination of tower type for new towers (guyed or self supporting), and discussions with service providers. final identification of sites, complete detailed network engineering including site layouts and Line of Sight engineering, and work with local Service Providers. TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE Te timeline and activities describe the typical process for constructing a tower. Combining multiple sites into a single construction project will expand the timeline below but overall will save time and expense. Delays in the site identification and procurement stages of a project are the most common delays for counties and cities. • MONTH ONE • Project kick-off • Site identification • Network design • MONTH TWO • Pre-construction site planning • Lease / MOU negotiation • Procurement • MONTH THREE • Site layout and planning • Site clearing and preparation • Tower materials shipping • MONTH FOUR • Foundation construction • Inspection • Tower construction • Construction wrap-up • MONTH FIVE • Equipment installation and network testing • Project close out Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Fiber-Wireless Hybrid Strategy OVERVIEW OF THE NETWORK Te diagram on the next page provides an overview of a

modern broadband network, with both fiber and wireless components. For Fauquier County, conduit and fiber can be deployed in phases (along with network electronics) to create a very high performance network capable of delivering affordable Gigabit and 10Gig connections in a series of redundant rings passing through major commercial and industrial areas of theCounty . Additionally, even higher capacity circuits, including 40Gig, 100Gig, and Gigabit wavelengths can be utilized to maximize the existing fiber strands to add even more capacity to the backbone portion of the network. Wireless will be an important element of the Fauquier network. On rural roads where the cost of drops may prevent a full F TTx buildout, wireless access points backhauled by fiber could connect clusters of homes.

CORE NETWORK Te core network is often referred to as the “backbone ” network. It is a high capacity route or set of routes throughout a community or region that provides transport between towns, neighborhoods, business districts, and other major facilities. Ideally, the core network is designed as a redundant fiber ring, which provides both capacity and gives the network the ability to continue operating even if the fiber is cut or damaged in one location. A fully redundant ring can be expensive to construct,so the “ring” feature may be a long term design goal. In Fauquier,an initial “Phase One”project could be built to connect downtown businesses, and additional extensions could be added over two or three years of development to create a highly resilient network. DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Distribution networks are connected to the core network, and provide primary network paths through a county, town, neighborhood or business district. Distribution networks are generally part of what is called “middle mile.” Fiber-based distribution networks generally are built along most streets and roads, and can be aerial fiber (mounted on utility poles) or underground fiber (installed in underground duct or fiber cable that is buried directly without duct). Te distribution network connects the core network (the network backbone) with the individual connections within a neighborhood or business district that connect to home and businesses. Tis portion of the network can be fiber-based or wireless, but fiber will be required over the long term to support video services and other kinds of high bandwidth applications like telemedicine, IP TV, business videoconferencing, and other emerging services.

ACCESS NETWORK Te access network is what is commonly called “the last mile,” although “the first mile” might be more appropriate, since customers should be a primary consideration when designing a Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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network. Te access network is a direct fiber link between a fiber switch located within a neighborhood or business district, or it may also be a direct point to point wireless link f rom a wireless access point on a tower or building and the home or business. Network subscribers have to have Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to get a network connection, and this is simply a small box that looks like a hub or switch. In a fiber network, the fiber cable is connected to one port on the CPE, and one or more copper Ethernet RJ45 ports allow users to connect computers, phones, and TV set top boxes to it. In rural areas of the county where homes and businesses may be a long distance from the road where fiber passes, a utility pole with a high performance broadband radio and antenna could provide the “last few hundred feet” of connectivity to an external antenna is mounted on a side of the home or business with clear line of sight to the pole on the road with fiber connectivity.


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CPE (Customer Premise Equipment)

wireless

Access ber Tower-mount radio/antennas

Fiber or wireless core network with backbone routers

Neighborhood cabinet or hut

Internet Colo Facility

Core  network  Distribution ber

Backhaul routes

Colo has multiple service providers offering multiple services, with single point of access to all customers.

Colo contains network management servers. Access ber

Neighborhood cabinet or hut Backhaul routes

  

  

Connections to other networks via leased line or middle mile ber

CPE

Homes and businesses

COLOCATION AND NETWORK FACILITIES A colocation facility is a controlled environment (i.e. heated and air-conditioned) room with Internet access through wired and/or wireless systems. Te colocation facility will be a place where fiber, wireless, and copper-based network facilities meet. It will be equipped to house high-end network equipment, servers, and other electronic gear. A variety of middle layer network components and services can be located within the colo including, for example, directory services, replicated content servers, routing services, and other elements needed to deliver new multimedia services to the home and small office from multiple, competing providers. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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In Fauquier, only a modest pre-fab colocation facility is needed, primarily to house the network’s own equipment. Fiber would be terminated at the colocation facility which would be placed in a location where existing existing service providers (e.g. MBC, Zayo, Paetec) could meet the network. Characteristics of a colocation facility include: A reliable source of AC electric power is required, with backup UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) service available by an onsite generator. Controlled access to the facility (e.g. by electronic keycard) 24 hours/day, seven days a week. Racks for locating network equipment and servers, and optionally locked cages for equipment racks. Functions of colocation facilities include: Hub for new broadband inf rastructure development for the community. Location for a regional and community network exchange point for local service providers. Also called a peering point or inter-exchange point, this kind of facility can reduce costs and increase performance in a win-win-win scenario (because it helps keep local traffic local and reduces service provider costs, thereby reducing the price of services). In Fauquier, a modest colo facility would provide the meet point for private fiber and community/city owned duct/fiber. Insertion point for multimedia services from multiple competing providers to reach subscribers over single broadband medium (fiber, wireless, other). Community, campus, or building point of presence for new middle layer components required to implement next generation Internet (directory services, caching, routing). Focal point for technical resources and management of community infrastructure. Aggregation point for low cost access to gigabit scale network services. BACKHAUL Every community network requires one or more paths (routes) out of the community to carry voice, video, and data traffic (in both directions). Backhaul network connections can be purchased from a local incumbent telephone company. In some communities,there may be other backhaul providers available. Backhaul connections are usually terminated at the community-owned colocation facility. Any additional infrastructure constructed in the County would meet service provider networks at a mutually convenient colocation facility or meet point.


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NETWORK DESIGN SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION For Fauquier’s initial network, we recommend a switched network consisting of a Calix Edge (E7-20s and E7-2s) in protected rings with Calix Customer Premise Equipment (CPE). Tis Open Access Network is capable of providing 1 Gig Active Ethernet connections to premises on the network while alternatively providing PON services to customers who do not have the requirement for a Gigabit connection. Fauquier County should leverage wireless solutions in its design and planning. High capacity Point to Point links can greatly extend the networks backbone when funds are limited. Wireless access points can provide the last mile connections when the cost of building a drop is cost preventative.

Access - Last Mile

Distribution Network

CustomerConnections: Many varieties of indoor and outdoor optical network termination devices (ONTs) are available, and will be tailored to meet the needs of large institutions, or businesses, or residential dwellings.

AP3

Fiber/Wireless Distribution Network: Simplicity and ease of management are two goals of a layer 2 network design. The network will use a flat layer 2 design with VLANs for each service on the network.

Co-location Co-location and Core Network: At the Co-location facility or co-lo service providers will install equipment that interface with the network. This allows providers to bring their services from their network to Fauquier customers.

ServiceProvider Service Provider Backhaul Connections

Internet

AP2 Provider 1

AP1 Network Monitoring

Tower Access Point Top View

Telehealth Services

Provisioning Backup & Config

Business or Residential Fiber Wireless Backhaul

Core Router B A C

re r ct u ve ite ilo ch F a Ar tic g a n Ri tom Au

FTTx - Fiber to the Home and Business

Provider II

Video Storage

FTTx Access Equipment

Battery Backup Equipment

Patch Panels and Cable Management

Data Backup

Fauquier Schools

VoIP Service

PtP or Omni Wireless

less

. than

B A C

ile 5m

Battery Backup Equipment Customer Fiber ONT & Power Equipment

Customer Customer Customer

Wireless Pole at Each Cluster

Video Surveillance

FTTx Access Equipment

Patch Panels and Cable Management

Fauquier County

Fiber

Drawing:Conceptual Network Architecture Client:Fauquier County Date:5-OCT-2016 we build networks that perform Designer:Matt Bussing Contact:[email protected]

DESIGN NINE

Bandwidth for services will be managed on the edge of the network and service assurance can be managed through bandwidth reservation on protected rings. Tis simple architecture will allow County to start the network with relatively low capital expenditures on network equipment. As the network grows there are many ways in which a core routed (IP or MPLS) layer can be added. For customers that are connected by wireless, Calix indoor equipment can be installed to tie in the customers with the fiber BSS/OSS systems.


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Rural Fiber Cost Estimate To validate the the capital expenditures in the financial pro forma (see the next section of this report), a reference cost estimate was developed for a representative ten mile stretch of rural road typical of Fauquier County. Te costs in the categories described below have been included in the development of the costs and are generally required to construct a network. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL Specialized legal counsel will be required to review contracts with service providers, contractors, and other participants in the project. Legal costs can vary with a particular location and tend to go down over time. Te most legal work is needed early in the first construction phase to develop business contracts with service providers, to review construction and vendor contracts, and to broker lease agreements for use of public or private property (where network equipment like cabinets or shelters have to be located). LEASES, PERMITS, AND RIGHTS OF WAY Some costs will be incurred based on the permitting requirements of the project. If Fauquier County is able to place the colocation facility and any tower sites public right of way or on county properties at no charge, the cost of leases will be lower. If cabinets or shelters have to be Te cost of placed on private property, the cost of the land or long term leases will increase. permits needed for crossing wetlands, streams, other sensitive areas, and VDOT permits are also included in this category. Formal leases and negotiated lease payments are more desirable than providing some form of free access to services. Since Fauquier County would not be a service provider, it has no services to give away for free. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project management for a community network build requires thorough and detailed planning, experience in procuring construction materials for the project, and the ability to oversee and convey project information to contractors through the duration of the project, including construction inspection work (ensuring construction contractors have done their job properly). NETWORK DESIGN AND ENGINEERING full design of the outside plant network, cabinet and shelter specifications, and extensive detail (blueprints) that specifies how all fiber cable, towers, buildings, and network equipment is to be installed. Tese documents have to be completed prior to bidding out any construction work, and are usually included as part of a construction bid package. Te detail includes fiber optic cable route determination and size determination, active and passive network equipment selection and placement planning, splicing layouts and documentation, network configuration planning, and all engineering necessary to complete construction.

Tis work include a


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BUILDINGS, IMPROVEMENTS, AND PREFABRICATED SHELTERS Tis category includes any buildings and shelters constructed as well as improvements to the buildings such as redundant HVAC systems, power improvements, fire suppression systems, security and surveillance systems, etc. OUTSIDE PLANT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Network construction includes the outside plant materials needed to build the network. Items like conduit, pedestals, cabinets, hand holes, and splice enclosures are all included in network construction. OUTSIDE PLANT CONSTRUCTION LABOR Labor is typically included with network construction for the bidding process but is separated here to help identify money that could be saved by leveraging local labor resources. Labor includes the placement of pedestals and hand holes, the underground or aerial placement of conduit, the construction of foundations (pads) for various structures throughout the network, and more. Several material costs such as concrete and gravel are included in labor depending on the type of job to be performed. NETWORK EQUIPMENT, SOFTWARE, AND RELATED COSTS Network equipment includes any network electronics that will be used in the network such as routers, switches, and CPE. Network equipment also includes some items that do not use any AC power but fall into a similar category such as patch panels, and patch cables. Te equipment cost will vary widely depending on the type of architecture chosen.

ANDwill NETWORK INTEGRATION TESTING Some configuring and testing take place after the network is built and before it is ready for use. In a dark network this involves labeling and documenting the routes of individual fiber strands, and testing of any other features of the network such as generators, air conditioners, and locks. In an active network the testing and integration includes integration requirements for a dark fiber network plus the configuring and installation of switches, routers, and other network equipment. Work in this category requires a skilled professional who is familiar with the network architecture and the business model (e.g. open access).

MISCELLANEOUS category provides a small budget for miscellaneous expenses that will arise during the course of construction (e.g., bid advertisement costs, inventory tags, etc.).

Tis

CONTINGENCIES Contingency category is included and calculated as a percentage of the total estimated cost

Te

(e.g., 5% of total cost) to provide flexibility in managing the overall budget. Equipment costs can and do change between the time an estimate is made and construction commences. Labor costs can vary depending upon the time of year the work starts, the state of the local economy,


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and the state of the national economy. Material costs and lead times can vary based on demand on certain industries, energy costs, and location.

Infrastructure Overview 1

ITEM/PROJECT

VALUE

2

Miles of Fiber / Conduit Installed

10

3

Number of Handholes Installed

66

4

Splice Closures Installed

53

5

Cabinets Installed

6

Number of Customers Connected

1 80

Infrastructure Analysis 1

ITEM/PROJECT

2

Total cost per mile

3

Distribution construction cost per mile

ESTIMATED $105,799.59 $80,519.15

Summary of Costs 1

ITEM/PROJECT

ESTIMATED

2

Extension Construction Materials

$205,036.50

3

Extension Distribution Labor

$483,940.00

4

Extension Structures, Cabinets, and Equipment

5

Extension Drop Construction

6

Network Construction Subtotal

7

Project Management, Network Engineering, Integration, and Testing

$96,622.98

8 9

Engineering, Permitting Misc Fees, Advertising, Technical Services

$45,000.00 $10,000.00

$22,215.00 $94,000.00 $805,191.50

10

Bookkeeping and Administration

11

Other Costs Subtotal

$156,622.98

12

Project Total

$961,814.48

13

Contingency at 10%

14

Project Total (with contingency)


$5,000.00

$96,181.45 $1,057,995.93

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Fiber Build Out Financial Analysis Te

hybrid/fiber build out proposed in the previous section of this report build out is based on the detailed ten mile cost estimate. Te project moves into the black in year four, and prior to that time, annual injections funding additions are used to cover revenue shortfalls. We note that this set of projections is extremely conservative. Additional funding to connect more homes and businesses would get the effort into the black much more quickly. We also note that the construction costs could vary, and further study of the actual route and estimates from local fiber construction firms could affect the estimate. Homes and businesses passed - Te model assumes that approximately 1025 businesses, institutions, and homes would be passed by fiber in year one.Tis is a very low number, but without a more detailed study of potential service areas, this is the financially conservative assumption. Approximately 3,500 additional homes and businesses are passed in subsequent years, and this new construction accounts for most of the needed annual cash contributions. Take rate - In year one, the model assumes that a 60% take rate (homes and businesses that buy services from providers on the network) will be achieved, which is consistent with data from existing community fiber projects with an appropriate marketing and public awareness effort. OPEX (Operational Expenses) - In year one a relatively high average cost of $92 per month per subscriber is assumed. Tis is relatively high because of the small number of connected customers in the first year. Tis declines over time to $22/subscriber in year four when most of the build out is complete, and declines further to $15/subscriber by year seven. Use fee - An average revenue per user (ARPU) of $35 per customer is assumed. Tis will vary widely based on the customer type, but with the proposed, the majority of connected customers will be business, with a relatively high ARPU amount. Equity - Equity includes cash f rom any public or private sources and any grant amounts. Te model assumes that $18 million in equity will be available to support the project over the five year build out period. If the project were able to pass more homes and businesses more quickly, more cash would be required for construction but revenue would also increase proportionately. Loans - Tis model assumes that borrowing (e.g bonding) of approximately $13.5 million would be required, with the balance of the capex costs provided from other sources (e.g. Capital Improvement Funds, one time connection fees, etc.).


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Next Steps: Implementation and Operations If the County decides to move forward, there are three “next step” processes that will define a successful strategy, as described below.

IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING PHASE Tis phase produces the equipment and construction specifications

needed to bid out the work of constructing the infrastructure— typically towers and dark fiber routes (e.g. the meet-me box concept). Business and Financial Planning – Develop a detailed business

and financial plan. Governance Model - formal governance model is determined and legal arrangements between governing entities are negotiated and contracts signed. In Fauquier,this could take the form of an Authority, or it could be done as an internal project of the County.

 

   

   

  

Funding Sources - Funding sources are identified and fund raising commences.

  

Business Administration Planning - Identify roles and responsibilities for participating staff and leadership.

   

Survey and Route Engineering – An on the ground survey is

  

needed to complete a final route design or tower site assessment. Tis work is performed by an firm that also has the responsibility to produce the engineered design and obtain required permitting. Te field survey confirms that the final route or tower site can be built to the necessary standards and regulations. Construction Methodology selected (Design vs. Design/Build) - One method to shorten the design and build phases of a project are to award up front a “design build” contract where the project management firm is also responsible for construction. Tis can shorten the project (because of simplified procurement) and is often recommended for projects where time is of the essence. Engineering Drawings - After the survey work is completed, engineers produces a complete set of engineered drawing that meet DOT and other local requirements. Engineered Cost Estimates – A detailed cost estimate is developed from the engi-

neered drawings. The full drawing set is attached to the construction bid documents and becomes the basis for the awarded construction contract.


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Permitting - Te engineer will prepare all required permit forms and submit the permits with the plans. It is important to start the permitting process early to avoid delays. Network Architecture Design (Detailed) – Final analysis of vendor equipment is per-

formed and selection is made. Materials and Equipment Selection -Analysis is performed to determine which equipment offers the lowest Total Cost of Ownership (typically analyzed over ten years or more). Detailed Network Design - Te detailed network design starts with the completed network architecture and completely specifies all of the conduit, handholes, cabinets, patch cables, power supplies, generators, batteries, and all other necessary parts and equipment needed to complete the engineered design. Equipment and Materials Specifications – Te engineer also completes a detailed list of

all equipment required for the construction. Bill Of Materials produced for fiber, conduit, handholes, fiber splice enclosures, and related hardware needed to install the fiber cable underground and/or on utility poles. If towers are being built, the Bill of Materials specifies all of the towerrelated equipment needed (e.g. cabinet, generator, electric service, etc.). Service Provider Development – In an open access network, service providers have to

be recruited and formally signed to a contract to lease space on a tower or to lease dark fiber. Providers usually need “coaching” because they are typically unfamiliar with open access networks and need help understanding the unique business opportunities they represent for private sector companies.


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CONSTRUCTION PHASE Te

documents produced in the Implementation Phase are used to bid out the construction work and to procure the network equipment needed to produce an operational network. Procurement – At the beginning of the construction phase the

County or the newly formed Authority will bid out the project construction. Construction Management – Te construction work is bid out

 ,



, 

and an award is made to a qualified contractor with the best price. It is common to negotiate the final cost of this work once a firm has been selected.

 ,  ,

Network Equipment Installation – Network equipment is or-

,  

dered from a vendor that meets the technical specifications. Equipment must be tested, installed in cabinets or shelters, powered up, and connected to the fiber cable. After installation and Business Process Development – During the construction

phase, business and operational decisions must be made to produce a set of business processes that will guide the day to day operations of the network.

 , , , , ,,

    , 

Service Provider Negotiations – Negotiations with qualified

 ,

service providers continues.

Contracts, Agreements, and Leases – Te construction phase will generate the need for

a variety of legal documents. Some will be related directly to the construction (e.g. an easement agreement to have conduit cross property). Typical documents include the development of the Master Network Agreement that is used to sign service providers to the network. Other contracts would include the development of a draft network operations agreement if network operations is outsourced, and a similar agreement for outside plant maintenance and repairs. Marketing and Public Awareness – As the network is constructed, a modest but ongo-

ing public awareness and publicity effort is required to ensure that business customers, schools, local government agencies and other potential users of the network are aware of the project and the possibility of reducing costs and obtaining more and better services.


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OPERATIONS PHASE Once the network is completed, service providers are connected first and then their customers receiveconnections. At that point, the enterprise becomes operational and a variety of ongoing tasks and activities begin to take place. – Ser vice providers sell directly to their own customers. Once they have obtained a new customer that is passed by distribution fiber, they contact the network to get Service Provider Management

either a physical fiber connection completed (e.g. from the curb to the building) and/or a logical connection across the network to deliver the service requested by the customer (e.g. Internet, phone, data backup, etc.). Network Operations – Operations can

be managed in-house, but start-up networks generally find it less expensive to out-source operations to a qualified firm. Operations must include 24/7/365 monitoring, and it is generally better in the first several years, when the network is small, to use a service rather than bear the expense of several dedicated technical staff that would be needed to cover nights, weekends, holidays, and vacations.



             

– While routine maintenance (e.g. replacement of worn out equipment) may be limited in the first year or two, non-routine/emergency maintenance support must be in place as soon as the network has customers. Fiber is occasionally damaged (e.g. tree limb falling on aerial fiber, backhoe damaging buried fiber), and a qualified firm must be available to back repairs within two to four hours. Tis service is usually outsourced to a qualified private sector company. Network Maintenance

– An open access network only has a small number of customers, which are the connected service providers and a handful of local government agencies. Prudent and careful financial management is needed for accounts receivables and accounts payables, along with other normal bookkeeping activities--chart of accounts maintenance, bank deposits, check writing, and other tasks. A part time bookkeeper may be viable in the early days of operations. Business Administration

– While ser vice providers will be responsible for their own marketing and sales efforts, an ongoing modest awareness/marketing campaign is required to ensure that customer take rate targets are met. Marketing and Awareness

– Te enterprise needs a board of directors and a senior manager responsible for day to day oversight.Te senior manager should have a strong business background with experience in successfully starting and managing new businesses. Financial Management and Oversight


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Appendix A: Glossary Active network: Typically a fiber network that has electronics (fiber switches and CPE) installed at each end of a fiber cable to provide “lit” service to a customer. Passive network: Refers to infrastructure that does not have any powered equipment associated with it. Examples include wireless towers,conduit (plastic duct), handholes,and dark fiber. Dark fiber:

Dark fiber is fiber cable that does not have any electronics at the ends of the

fiber cable, so no laser light is being transmitted down the cable. Lit network: A “lit”network (or lit fiber) is the same as an active network. “Lit” refers to the fact that the fiber equipment at each end use small lasers transmitting very high f requency light to send the two way data traffic over the fiber. FTTH/FTTP/FTTx: Fiber to the Home (FTTH), Fiber to the Premises (FTTP), and Fiber to the X (FTTx) all refer to Internet and other broadband services delivered over fiber cable to the home or business rather than the copper cables traditionally used by the telephone and cable companies. Symmetric connection: Te upload and download bandwidth (speed) is equal. Tis is important for businesses and for work from home/job from home opportunities. Asymmetric connection: Te upload and download bandwidth (speed) are not equal. Cable Internet and satellite Internet services are highly asymmetric, with upload speeds typically 1/10 of download speeds. Asymmetric services are problematic for home-based businesses and workers, as it is very difficult to use common business services like two way videoconferencing or to transfer large files to other locations. IP video: Video in various forms, including traditional packages of TV programming, delivered over the Internet rather than by cable TV or satellite systems. Te time required for information to travel across the network from one point Latency: to another. Satellite Internet suffers from very high latency because the signals must travel a round trip to the satellite in stationary orbit (22,500 miles each way). High latency makes it very difficult to use services like videoconferencing.

Fiber switch:

Network electronic equipment usually found in a cabinet or shelter

CPE: Customer Premises Equipment, or the box usually found in a home or business that provides the Internet connection. DSL modems and cable modems are examples of CPE, and in a fiber network, there is a similarly-sized fiber modem device. Handhole: Handholes are open bottom boxes with removable lids that are installed in the ground with the lids at ground level. Te handholes provide access to fiber cable and splice closures that are placed in the handhole. Handholes are also called pull boxes. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Pull boxes: Pull boxes (also called handholes) are used to provide access to fiber cable and splice closures. Tey are called pull boxes because they are also used during the fiber cable construction process to pull the fiber cable through conduit between two pull boxes. Splice closures: Splice closures come in a variety of sizes and shapes and are used to provide access to fiber cable that has been cut open to give installers access to individual fiber strands. Splice closures are designed to be waterproof (to keep moisture out of the fiber cable) and can be mounted on aerial fiber cable or placed underground in handholes. Splicing: Te process of providing a transparent joint (connection) between two individual fiber strands so that laser light passes through. A common use of splicing is to connect a small “drop” cable of one or two fiber strands to a much larger (e.g. 144 fiber strand) cable to provide fiber services to a single home or business. SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. Used by the electric utility industry and some other utilities (e.g. water/sewer) to manage their systems. Colo facility: Colo is short for Colocation. Usually refers to a prefab concrete shelter or data center where network infrastructure converges. A colo or data center can also refer to a location where several service provider networks meet to exchange data and Internet traffic. Backhaul: Typically refers to a high capacity Internet path out of a service area or locality that provides connectivity to the worldwide Internet.


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Appendix B: Residential Survey— Other items used A lot of these services we can't use regularly because we have cellular based internet which doesn't support a lot of these services Academic research All my work Almost everything Assisting volunteer organizations Attempted streaming but my connection is too slow to broadcast Banking, bill pay Bill pay Bill paying Business /research Business and personal research can't do very much of any of ^^ because of high priced limited satellite data. cattle Children take online academic courses. Church communications Cloud file storage services, personal servers Collaborate with team members on projects. Collaboration with co-author and other researchers connecting hobby server equipment to integrator Coupons Delivery of media products (audio, video, and graphics) to clients. Due to the limitations of satellite internet, I cannot do and anything than email, work from home. of this limited to work f rom home due the limited access beingmore throttled. I have homework, been knownand to spend longer hoursmost at work conducted homework or other internet activities vice at home to ensure that I can actually complete them. I have to rely on "only" cellular wireless to monitor emails but with limited responding capabilities due to poor cellular coverage. With better internet service, I would be more than willing to use the internet for more capabilities Emergency Snow Plan. Living at the end of a dirt road it is not unusual for me to be forced to work from home due to snow. Te satellite internet is terrible and almost unworkable. I only have it for emergencies. Everything .... When we can. It's so slow and we have limited data use so we can't do many of the things we need/want to go on line. Experimenting, innovating Freelance photography and editorial jobs Genealogy research General browsing of web sires. Government GPS, locating businesses, restaurants, etc. Home automation and remote access home business Home security and variety of smart home features I am a LFCC student. I can't do much because I have to pay for data. I do 24/7 production support for work. So when issues at work arise I must be able to connect to work and fix the issues as soon as possible. So I need for my service to be reliable.


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I would be using it for more but the increased cost based on cellular access keeps me f rom taking advantage of other possible uses I would do more, like stream videos and movies, but I have HughesNet and the extra data would break the bank! I WOULD DO MUCH MORE IF I HAD FASTER INTERNET! I would like to watch movies and games and such but the internet is so slow I am not able. I would use for more things such as movies, music, download books, etc., however I have limits with my satellite coverage. I would use for working from home and streaming; however the current service is too slow and data limits are too limited. I would use it for many more things if I could, but the connection is terrible, the service is terrible, and the speed is terrible. Te cost is already outrageous and they know they can get away with it because they are my only option. I would watch movies and Skype if we had reliable internet. "I'M a farmer and use it for crop futures and reports, etc " Internet is very limiting to children and adult school work and working from home. Job hunting Links in. Games like scrabble. We don't stream movies since we don't have the bandwidth 20 gig a month Maintain website for family. Family has annual reunion and like to read family updates, see historical photos and documents, news articles etc. on the family website. Satellite upload speed is sometimes so slow that I can't upload material to the family website and it times out. Frustrating and time consuming! Manage 4 Non-Profit sites Manage investments Micro cell for phone service "Monitor security system Control thermostat when away" Most business services communicate with their customers via the internet. Having reliable high speed internet service is no longer an option -- it's an absolute need in the 21st century. Most businesses provide paperless invoices and statements at no cost and we are required to pay for paper statements. Hospitals and doctors o ffices now use on-line systems that require patients to use for making appointments and completing medical forms. Te demands and needs for internet are endless. Music Production Nearly everything we do revolves around the internet. Te kids homework is to be done online but the service cannot support 4 kids on internet at the same time. online bill pay, maintain website Online Investments Our internet is not strong enough to download movies, etc. Pay monthly Credit Card bill. Monthly/annual/semi-annual billings. paying bills Photography Product research Pure living, life in the 21st century satellite internet is not sufficient to watch movies online. Secondary education for adult as well as primary education for the kids Security camera, File Server, Web server, etc SHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL. WE HAVE A RISING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT TO HEAVILY DEPENDS ON HAVING INTERNET ACCESS Some of the above items are only desired, because my satellite internet cannot facilitate them, such as downloading music, videos, movies, and gaming. Our satellite service is very poor and slow. It also goes out in any inclement weather. Stock trading the volunteer groups that I am involved with use Facebook and the Websites as means of communication Tere

is not enough room for comments at the end of this survey!! I have so much to say on the subject!! the internet but the reality is we cannot access the majority of it because to the bandwidth on our satellite service. We cannot download music, movies, gaming, VOIP, limited Facebook, etc. To check my work schedule and search for new positions at work, resumes.

Tese are all things we would like to do on


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To supplement classroom lessons too little bandwidth to down load large files. can't download or listen to music or video or movies. Goes down often. Training / tutorials, home automation Translation tools travel arrangements Tried to use the internet before retirement so that I could work from home but connection was so bad I had to continue making the over 60 mile round trip to the office each day. "Verizon Wireless, my provider, does not have enough bandwidth to receive or send documents, pictures or files or receive downloads after 4:30pm daily or often on weekends. As soon as area-wide users return from work and get on the net, the broadband is overwhelmed, I have to wait until business hours during the week. If its raining or bad weather, it doesn't work. Te bandwidth only allows 2 pictures on average to send. Te cell phone works in dry weather but often does not ring, Texts do not announce arrival with any regularity. Intermittent quality service .It's like having a silent telephone. Our farm 5341 has currently two households and a third is under construction, I have profiled only one/mine here. We have installed a booster in the farm o ffice and the main household, but they do not help. We have considered a tower for another booster but it is very complicated to achieve and maintain. 5341, Verizon Wireless says is the last possible service for their tower. Our neighbors cannot use Verizon Wireless, so we consider this lucky as the neighbor's satellite service is intermittent and undependable. 5341 is literally in the shadow of Pond Mountain at Toroughfare Gap, so all service comes from Prince William County though we are in Fauquier. No high speed Comcast, Xfinity or Fios or similar is available to us. When I need to computer search for my work after business hours or grandchildren's homework or school interface, we wait until very late at night because we don't have enough speed to connect or download. I could never download media, too slow. No visual transmission is possible. I often wait until Sunday to send documents too large for the bandwidth after hours and weekends, especially Friday through Saturday. Really frustrating. Long waits as the documents slowly grind data to transmit. My use is almost exclusively business and I would grade the internet bandwidth 'very poor.' I discussed the possibility of high-speed to Te rep's statement regardthe farm with Verizon Wireless and learned if I could sign up enough neighbors for them, perhaps. ing the possibility of bringing service to us was, "It would be VERY expensive." Too expensive to even consider as our neighbors have found.Te Comcast optic cable stops about 1 mile south of us on Beverley's Mill Road (I do not know the exact location of the terminus). Tere are a dozen+ homes north of the terminus. Our two houses and farm office are 1/4 mile from Rt 600W. " Videoconferencing, Webinars, Social Media for work etc etc. Volunteer work, Charitable Foundation work,local and national political news, weather forecasts, contacting family members, contacting friends, information on businesses, information on merchandise and home services Volunteer work, e.g., Warrenton Kennel Club training coordination. Volunteer/church work VPN access to a remote office VPN into work network, video conferencing with international contacts, Watch videos for education and collaboration. Upload photos to stock photo agency. Download software (Windows 10 uses a lot of bandwidth for updates). We can not use the Internet for watching movies, downloading podcasts, or any of the other unchecked items above because our satellite Internet is too slow. We have a small business organizing 2 yearly events where we access internet forums and social media. We would do more if we had the option but much has to be done in the middle of the night when bandwidth is not saturated. We cannot watch videos, take on line courses or telecommute. We would like our area to be like the rest of the county with access to unlimited internet, Netflix, etc. It recently cost us $120 extra dollars just to back up my husband's iphone on the icloud. Cox Communications is in the process of installing cable to provide service to Hunton Woods and we would like to be part of that. we would use it more if we had better broadband access. we have to watch movies at the gym! We would use others devices, such as gaming consoles, but we are on limited data usage via the satellite provider. Once you hit that limit, they slow your connection down until it is time to reset the next month. We would watch movies via the Internet, but our satellite system is too slow. WebEx conferencing. webinars Website building/management Website design and maintenance business Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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What do we not use the internet connection for? Growing our garden veggies. Even for that, we research how to do it better online. Wish we could do online movies and music...but DISH limits ability to do so Work Work from home Working from Home has a lot of unloads and downloads of all types of files. Need better unlimited internet options!!! would like to watch movies and online videos, stream and/or download movies, utilize online backup, etc. but with satellite the speed/bandwidth is not sufficient. Would use for movies, books if service was better. would use it for more - streaming music and video but cost /performance prohibits this use would use it more but it is not reliable or fast enough Would use more if we had better service and not paying per gig


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Appendix C: Residential Survey— Other needs 2 jobs, one is home/part time. Need faster than DSL speeds toservice all my clients.DSL is the new 56k. Need fiber speeds 2 people work part-time f rom home on weekends and nights 240$ to Comcast for internet that works mid day and late evening and cable tv packages that mostly we are not interested in. After 10 years of whining to country Comcast is available. But this customer service sucks badly, Afraid to change for fear of All satellite based services disrupted during inclement weather. I must rely on AM/FM radio for weather alerts. All the signals seem to stop at the foot of my hill. I really don't know why? I can see the Verizon tower from my house, but t All wires MuST go underground !! Any help you can provide for the rural folks would be much appreciated Anything you can do to get better internet service would be great! As far as I'm aware of, there are only 2 ( two ) broadband ( satellite ) providers in the rural area that I'm in; too expensive At my location, satellite is the only available internet service, and the service is poor. AT&T is terrible at my residents. If cable was provided all the way thru weaversville rd I'm sure my problem would be solved Badly need Internet for school and my business Basic landline is $70/month with no long distance calling. Cell service is not good enough. Because I live in a condo, the only thing I can get is Comcast.Tey suck! Because of the lack of bandwidth, I am not able to do all things would like to do on internet. Or getup 2am during bonus time. Because we cannot bundle, we pay > $300 per month for all services. Been looking for broadband options for years in Sumerduck! Really hoping this option becomes available soon! Being a teacher with middle school and high school students, it would be very beneficial to have Internet access at our home. Better internet would be very welcome. Better service would allow us to use other internet services if we had better speed and no data cap Biggest problem is the data caps. 25 GB a month is not enough to do everything I need to.Latency is also a problem. BOCS overly influenced by PEC in allowing cell towers. Why don't Verizon and Comcast extend their services for internet ? Both household residents are retired and on limited income. Both retired and money is a factor Bring fiber optic to Fauquier County. Verizon's DSL speeds are horrendous and Comcast is far too expensive. Broadband internet and cell phone coverage are not luxuries but utilities. Tere's no excuse for excluding us from this century Broadband is a long shot this far out. Cellular data would be a nice upgrade to Satellite however. broadband would allow my wife and I to work at home more and not have to commute so much Business growth in this country is stalled because of this, but then again Fauquier isn't very business friendly anyway. Cable access is too expensive but necessary because there is no other alternative. Cable service is fine but so expensive, cell phone service is terrible...often need to go to the end of the driveway (75ft) Cable/phone/internet bundled for $145. Hard to separate costs. Cost is too high though and they keep trying to raise price. Can't believe it's this difficult to get reliable broadband 1/4 mile f rom 29 Can't get cable or DSL, broadband ought to be part of universal access... Can't rely on internet, so that skews answers above, such as do you do homework/schoolwork. Can't sign up for college classes Can't work from home, internet sucks. Cannot download movies, ebooks, etc. Sometimes can only access internet in ffo peak hours. Slow speeds. Cannot use all of the services direct tv provides because of no internet connection. Also, I cannot stream music or videos or uv ff

Cant stream due to bu ering cell service in the county is unreliable-even in covered areas. Cell service at my home is not acceptable,but nearby it is ok. Cell service is spotty so we must keep a land line. Very costly! Cellular data is extremely limited where I am. I'd pay for broadband Children without reliable Internet are falling behind in school. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Comcast "offered" to hook my house to their system for $25000 since I'm "just outside" their service area.. Comcast came halfway down my road and won't come to my house. Comcast charges way too much because they know there is nothing else really available. How come we don't have FIOS available? Comcast just installed service a few months ago. Trenched over 600 ft. At no cost. Was that subsidized? Comcast monopoly = high priced bundles Comcast service is OK, but it is expensive. Comcast stops in one mile in either direction of my house. My wife and I desperately want high speed internet for Netflix Comcast won't come to my house, but they will serve my neighbors who are just a few hundred feet away Comcast's unreliable and over priced service needs competition that would cause competitive pricing and improved service. Comcast/xfinity is awful, truly awful. Terrible customer service, high cost, unreliable. Make sure to survey businesses too. Competitive would be nice. onlyto option reliable broadband is Comcast Connections options are so bad we still have My to drive a wififor location most of the time Critically important that this get done and done well. Prepare for what we need in twenty to fifty years. Current service is very expensive and limited data-wise Interestingly, Germany's internet svc is better & costs less than ours. Current speed 29 - 31 GB Down. , 5 - 6 GB. UP Currently paying ~$425 a month for the data to run a consulting business, makes growing business very difficult. data cap on internet usage is unacceptable in today's world, puts my son at a disadvantage Data metering makes Exede expensive Dead cell zone area. Even LTE. No internet options but satellite or dial-up. Would like fiber like Fios. Debra Fletcher Deparately need faster & more reliable Internet service. Depurate for faster internet Desperately need better internet! Get rid of Comcast! Cable is at the corner of our street and they won't continue line. Desperately need internet and cell phone service at reasonable price! Dire need for better internet performance and lower cost than satellite DSL is too slow for the online academic courses my kids are required to take Elected public official - sometimes di fficult to access needed information. Volume of data downloads impact user fees. end Verizon lineplease so connection very slow or not at all Erectofcell towerDLS or cable Even just outside of Warrenton town there is no fiber optic network option. Very disappointing. Excede is the only provider to my address and road, and is metered the way dial up used to be, with horrible speeds Expanding internet and cell service is absolutely essential to the future of Fauquier County. Expense for these services is exorbitant Expense for these services is exorbitant. Farming applications and supplies/ purchasing Fauquier county defiantly need some other type of Internet service Fauquier County needs better access to broadband services to increase competition, make rates competitive, and increase quality. Fauquier County needs to get with the times!! Fauquier County's rural areas desperately need true broadband! Fauquier needs more options for tv and cable services. Also internet availability. Fauquier needs to join the 21st Century,Tanks for doing this! Fiber optics please Fiber should be available to rural areas. FIOS Please Four letters: FiOS. Either get Verizon to drop data caps from cellular internet or have them build out FiOS. Free Enterprise! If someone wants better Internet coverage it is available...they just have to pay for it. No tax increase! frequent dropped calls with AT&T. Was the same with Verizon GET COMCAST TO GET US SERVICE Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Get Verizon in Brookside Good luck! Good luck! Good luck! Google fiber would greatly benefit our county and force competition Grandfathered in to the Verizon Unlimited data plan on one cell phone,giving us access to my phone's 4g hotspot.Bad solution. Had FIOS in previous residence,not available here--no competitive choices, it is a monopoly:( Happy with speed disappointed in reliability Have a limit of 10GB on cell phone/mobile hot spot. Very restricting. Having Internet access is crucial for medical research while a family member is going through cancer treatments. Having help Internet access is crucial for medical research while a family member is going through cancer treatments. Help, our neck of the woods is stuck in the civil war era. Help, I need internet but at $335.77/month I can't ffaord a T1 HELP! Help! Help! Even though it's a rural area we deserve decent communication services! Help! my broadband sucks here. HELP!!! It is unbelievable that in this country, and only 44 miles from the nation's capital, internet service is so awful! HELP!!! Please, please,please provide internet access for our area. We need internet for work and school!!! High quality broadband service is critical infrastructure as important as water/electricity High speed internet is no longer a luxury High speed internet with either no data limit or very high data limit is extremely important to us. Homes prices are down where internet services is limited. And that also means "the good old boys in Fauquier's Northern areas. Horrible cell service, high speed fiber at road but 2-9k quote to bring to house. Satellite service usually poor How can I help, this needs to be done ASAP HURRY UP I am "lucky" to be able to have a T1 connection for which I have to pay a fortune because there is no other way. Need better!!! I am a single mother of four children who have always attended Wakefield School in Te Plains, Virginia. Our residence is a fa I am a student and I cannot do my homework online because the connection is so bad. I am currently paying over $500 a month for my cell phones since they are our only internet access--ridiculous! I am mostly satisfied with all these services butI find they have all grown very expensive. I am retired and have a small home business I operate. I am retired I can't afford anything but sprint on my phone.Tat is not always working or strong enough. Too many interference! I am satisfied with Comcast and it's internet service, however it also is basically the only option. I am satisfied with my internet speed but it is so very expensive. I work from home full time so I just have to pay it. I am taking an on line college course and can almost NEVER access the video college courses from home. I have to sleep at work! I can't do half the things I need to do from home. If I work, I have to use my husbands wifi. Lets get with the 21st century! I can't get internet/wifi but my neighbors who live to my left can-we are the cutoff pt. I can't work f rom home because the Internet connection is too slow or unreliable. I cannot work from home (which my job wants to make a requirement) because I do not have a decent and reliable internet access. I cannot work from home often because connection is extremely unreliable & at the best of time slow. 2 out of 5 bars. I currently have 2 neighbors that repeat off of my Wave2net mini-tower on my house. I did a survey like this years ago and nothing ever came of it. I certainly hope I haven't wasted my time again! I do 24/7 support for work. When issues arise I must be able to connect to work and fix the issues as soon as possible. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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i do a large amount of volunteer work from home I do voluntary work for nonprofits from home. Why not ask NOVEC to provide broadband? See recent article in the NY Times . I do volunteer work from home. So does my wife. I find it so difficult to believe we are just outside of DC yet cannot get cable providers for internet and television in our co I had Xfinity when I lived in Warrenton town limits. Boy, do I ever miss it! I have a lot of comments, but this field doesn't have room to fit it in (should have used a multiline field) I have a small business and no other Internet options makes it a challange sometimes . I have absolutely no cell service I have an com cast quoted me 235k to bring a cable 4 miles to my house!!! I thought Warrenton had cable and I was wrong I have BEGGED Comcast but because my neighbors have more than 1,000 feet of road f rontage - Comcast won't pull the line to us. I have no cell phone reception at my home. I have no internet access to the land we are building on. Elmore's lane Warrenton I have to go to a family members house in opal any time I need to look something up or pay a bill. I have two autistic sons and am constantly in contact with drs who need forms and schools for reports I hope you can help improve our internet and cell phone service. We pay outrageous fees for very poor service. I live in town, sohave better options than those living in the more rural areas.I dislike DSL but don't have access to FIOS, I live just one mile or so from the last Verizon Vios broadband connection. Connect Halfway!!! I lose tv and Internet connection whenever there is a storm within 20 miles I moved here a few months ago from Washington DC and I had no idea h I moved here a few months ago from Washington DC and I had no idea how bad it is out here in terms of Internet and cell phone. I need broad band I need choice in service providers as a starting point, then more speed. I need to be able to work from home instead of working from Starbucks or Panera I pay an extreme amount for internet service using the Verizon Home Fusion service. Need FIOS or Cable service. I really ned internet at home I really really really want better wifi, it's so hard not having good internet in this generation. PLEASE PLEASE FIX THIS I recently sold this residence and had to lower my asking price by $50,000.Six families wanted to buy it, but no cable broke d I telework 1 day a week. would do more, but internet is horrible I Telework 2 days a week. i telework weekly I think it would be great to have good internet and cell phone service in the rural Fauquier areas that don;t have it now. I try to work from home but data is limited and connections fail. Te same goes for classes. I value preservation of the rural landscape over less expensive access to internet. I want real internet at my house!!! I want to but cant due to internet connectivity I will be doing some teleworking in the near future. I will probably have to move out of this rental house because the internet is too slow and unreliable. Tat is the ONLY reason I work a few days a month at home but internet service is slow and unreliable I work from home but our internet and cell service is so bad that I depend on free wifi at cafes and the library I work from on sick days and bad weather days I work full-time from home, and fast, reliable internet would be amazing! I work on a private foundation from home on donations, I work on behalf on several charities. I worked for BTML in Fairfax when Media General was trying to put cable in Fairfax. Te county required them to run it to every I would be able to do some work from home but not with current internet service...b/c not good enough I would like cable internet with in the sumerduck region we use the internet on are phone and always go over on data I would like to consider things like working at home or using a Voip telephone service, but I only have 1.5Mbps. Too slow! Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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I would like to see an improvement in cellular service in my area. Most times there is no signal from my AT&T provider available I would like to see this expanded to Upperville and Marshall region and Meetze Road in Warrenton. I visit family often. I would like to telecommute, but because of our slow internet service, I can't I would prefer a wired fiber or cable connection and would pay for it I would prefer a wired fiber or cable connection and would pay for it I would really like to get Verizon FIOS.Comcast will not run a line to our house because they say there isn't enough densit y. I would work from home a lot more if my Internet connection was better I would work from home but cannot connect at a sufficient speed and at reasonable cost I would work from home more but am limited due to current Internet speed and reliability. I would work from home more if I had reliable and fast internet. As it is, I rentffioce space in town in order to have access. I'd like to to see havemore access to internet providers like Virginia Broadband, like other Fauquier County residents. Tis area has ' i'd like consistent service. I'd we could at least get cell service that would be a start!! I'm a full time county employee which my position requires me to have the above services I'm glad you are doing this. Iwork in the Internet related industry (CCIE certified). I'd be gladto help. Email above. I've had faster internet, than the 3 mb/s I get currently in Marshall, while traveling to third world countries. I've lived in Marshall for over 20 years.Te cable company is unwilling to provide access onour street. Phone lines are copp Implement extended fiber and a wireless mesh ASAP regardless of cost. In addition to cost, reliability is an issue. I frequently lose internet and TV service is there is rain, snow or cloudy conduit In my area fiber or other infrastructure may be unrealistic; however, I am hopeful that more towers for wireless could be built. In my work from home, it is often faster for me to drive to town to submit projects that it is to attempt to do it from home. Inadequate broadband is preventing me from living in my Fauquier home full time. internet access is essential for our work and school. No cable, fiber, or DSL. Considering moving based on this alone. Internet access using satellite is totally unacceptable. Te lack of speed combined with the increased latency Internet access/speed is limited (can't reliably stream video; have to carefully monitor data usage). Poor service for the cost. Internet Data seems to be getting slower and slower. Internet is awful I Fauquier county. We regret our house purchase two years. We couldn't imagine internet in the USA this bad. Internet limits my ability to work f rom home, due to lack of coverage. so, I commute 3.5 hours daily Internet service is not reliable which makes school work difficult and also makes keeping up with regular work hard. Internet service via fiber or cable is long overdue in rural/suburban Fauquier County Internet Speed and Reliability should be separated. Hughes Net is reliable but with wildly variable, but mostly snail-like speeds Internet speeds extremely slow, costs {and speed} prevent using for smart tv, movies, sports streaming, etc Internet usage would be higher, but there are data caps which prevent streaming. Is there anything we can do to bust the monopoly that Comcast has established in our area? I'd love to do business with another Is there anything we can do to bust the monopoly that Comcast has established in our area? I'd love to do business with another It appeared that fiber cables are in the area, but not available to home users? Is this true? It is a crime that we are 70 miles from the nation's capital and have such lousy internet service. it just cost to much overall It would be great to download books, take courses but not possible with dial up It's about time Fauquier County realized there is a need for high speed internet services. It's disappointing to see counties around Fauquier with fiber access, giving them options for providers- we just have Comcast. It's time for Fauquier County to embrace the technical features of the 21st century. Lack of interest service offers Land line phone service is poor. Verizon tech states cables are old and insulation going bad. Company will not replace. Static Landline infrastructure sorely needs to be upgraded. Ten perhaps those in rural areas might have access to fiber optic internet Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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leave Fauquier County alone. We are rural for a reason. We like the country life. Line of sight access is severely limited for cellphone and internet. Little/no competition in our area for tv and internet. Cell WiFi poor option since adversely affected by location/weather. Looking at opening a business in Fauquier in addition to my current employer. Prospects are poor without internet connection Main need is for good fast a ffordable internet Make towers as tall as they need to be for effective coverage. Many of our poorest residents who would benefit from this survey cannot access it! We are disadvantaging remote, poor students. Members of Houshold work f rom home twice a week. Mesh Networks, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking, may help to spread Internet access beyond utility barriers. Microwave internet cost effective alternative to cable/telephone broadband wiring Moved Dial-Up Satellite to WISP , with costI increasing each -step . $90/month WISPvideos - high price, out of reach? My 4G from service is goodtobut has a 10GB cap, which keep exceeding and I don't evenfor stream or do games. My area is 10 to 15 years behind in Internet and mobile cell service. I love my home but it makes it very hard to work from home My big problem is bandwidth limits for our internet connection.We'd like more data,but it's prohibitively expensive. My current cost for Internet,TV & LL Phone: $308/month My Internet connection restricts my ability to work from home with telemedicine. My internet is not fast enough to connect. My internet/wireless modem limits me to 5Gb/month. I would use more if I had unlimited service. I sometimes go to the library. My major complaint now that I live in town with internet service is the cost Comcast charges for bundled service. Furthermore, My primary problem is slow internet UPLOAD speeds. My son lives on Atoka Rd and has no internet.He is a volunteer fireman and fire inspector.His cell phone also has bad recent My wife also works full time f rom home for another company. I also have programs that connect to me so they can do work for me My wife and I both work full time from home. My wife worked full-time from home for several years. She spent many days in Panera and other local hot-spots due to poor service Need a cell tower in Hume Need better access and lower cost! NEED BETTER INTERNET Need better service, lower costs NEED More TV/Internet Options: FIOS! FIOS!FIOS! PLEASE Need phone, cell, TV, and Internet service for new home being built. Need to be working more from home. Have to go to McDonald's or library. Daughter attends LFCC. She can't do homework at home. Need volume insensitive pricing. No internet service No options for Internet at home. Occasionally when I take college courses on line Often our Internet is so slow as to be completely unusable aND we have to drive to a public place with Internet. One of the two members works full time f rom home. One works occasional nights and weekends from home. Only get 3 mbps download speed and 1 mbps upload speed. Need higher speed for bus inessential purposes. Only having Comcast in the neighborhood now makes pricing extremely expensive. Our area has MANY miles of ZERO or extremely limited cell phone reception - turn or walk a few steps & you lose connection Our area needs internet available Our biggest issue with our internet is the data cap and high expense Our Cellular Service is very poor, our Satellite Internet is very slow, and very limited options for improvement. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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our choice for tv is between 2 satellite companies who have marginal service/high prices. internet is $60 for 10g!!! terrible Our choices are limited in a rural area with poor landline and cell service. Satellite is all there is and we are limited to 25G Our current internet option, which is through satellite, is not e fficient, nor effective, for our school-age child. Our family and our businesses are in dire need of reliable high speed internet access. Our home service is adequate but moving around the county is the challenge. "Mobile" isn't truly mobile. Our internet is great until the "red circle" appears - meaning we have used up out units. this is 2016 for goodness sake! Our internet is very unreliable; constantly in and out. Phone often gets loud static/buzzing in the line. Our land line goes down several days every year. Once it was down for over 30 days. Our landline and DSL service provided by Verizon more often does NOT work. Of course, when a technician comes, all is well. Our landline telephone is awful, because Verizon doesn't adequately maintain it.Our cell phone doesn't work athome. Our neighborhood surrounded other neighborhood s that have dependable internet access. do connect not havetoit.the internet. Our only option forisinternet is ourbycellphone hot spot. We have almost no cellphone signal, soWe can't Our only option is via Verizon. We ration our use to 60GB/month. We need more, but cost is prohibitive. Our part of Warrenton is a dead zone for broadband or cable ISPs, and none have plans to come out here. Our property is in a dip. Verizon/AT&T signal very foggy Our speed f rom Blaze doesn't permit high-def video streaming. Our use, downloading, and upgrading of Cell and internet is extremely limited due to unreliable signal. Please - need Internet alternative to satellite Please bring better Internet options to our area! Please bring faster internet to Te Plains or faster/reliable/unlimited Satellite internet Please bring Fios to Fauquier county! Please bring high speed internet!!!! PLEASE BRING US BROADBAND!!!!!!!!!! Please bring us into the 21 Century Please contact me if any additional help is needed or surveys become available to fill out. I am happy to assist. Please for the love of god get some high speed internet over here please get a cell tower and some type of better land line services in my area Please get new me broadband internet!!! please get lines installed or get new cell towers that will work in my mountainous region of Fauquier county Please get this fixed and easier for inner net connection Please get us Comcast or the like! Please get us good internet / cellular service!!!! Please help us down in the Casanova area so our children can keep up with everything PLEASE help us find other and cheaper options!! It is frustrating that only 2 miles away is CABLE that we can't get!! Please help us get better internet service - we are desperate and so are my neighbors. Please help us, I love VA but the internet access is the NUMBER ONE reason I would move. We have a farm here though... PLEASE HELP US!!!! Look at the map were we live...there is Comcast to the left of us and Comcast to the right, connect it please Please help with faster internet access please help!!!! Please hurry.... selling my home due to lack of broadband... cant find a good that has broadband unless I move into town Please look into leveraging Electric Coops to lay down fiber and the FCC Connect America Fund, ref. NY Times article Please make the Internet faster PLEASE MAKE THIS A PRIORITY!!! It's a huge hugeissue in our area!!! Please make this happen! Please note cell phone and home phone service at my home are dependent on my internet service. Please please bring us the Internet at an affordable rate!!!! We've been begging for years andare always told we're too rural. Please please please get cable and Internet access to our area. Living here is great but there is good reason we do not have it Please please please please please please please please Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Please see above in who is you Internet service provider Please work diligently on this issue! It is ridiculous that we are so close to the Capital of the f ree world and can't connect. Please, please improve my options.Comcast is just a half mile from me. Please!!!! We need high-speed broadband internet! provider allows 15gb/mo usage. Not enough for 4 users. Cell coverage is too spotty to be back up. Must ration internet usage. really, really need better internet, it's PAINFULLY slow- we are the end of the line and DSL is not really fast Recently moved from Manassas where I had Fios to now only having satellite, what a huge disappointment. Reliable, high speed internet is becoming critical for safety and quality of life. My security system won't work properly on my Resolving internet access for Fauquier county citizens is one of the most important economic development issues retired Retired and work everything f rom home. Retired. Completely reliant on poor digital service. All news and information subscriptions aredigital deliveries. rural areas need more reliable cable/internet Satellite is expensive and doesn't work well, nearly impossible to work from home or complete school assignments for college. satellite data unacceptable: caps, latency, no voip. Our only choice is a Verizon BUSINESS T1 ordered via our business to home Satellite Internet is DREADFUL! I pay way too much for far substandard service. Satellite internet allows 15 GB of download capacity a month.Very constrictive, ff a ects my access to entertainment, Also slow Satellite internet is expensive and limited Satellite Internet is extremely unreliable and can go out for days at a time. As a student this has been a huge issue for me Satellite internet is the worst, over $100 mthly, low data amounts, sketchy service. Satellite stinks. Are unable to do certain things we would like or need to do and only have a limited amount of usage. Satellites cut out during heavy rain storms! Save us, please. See above under who is your internet service provider See above, since you limited the space for other comments... See above; this did not allow enough space.Comments written above, please read! Self employed require high internet service but too expensive to work from home with current service Seriously, fiber to the home for thefiber entire county.brought service to my area but now I'm locked into a contract with Verizon Shortly after installing the Verizon Comcast Slow, very expensive, financial burden and a must for public education requirement Some of the questions are poorly formatted and the last 2 are out of order. Spouse needs better internet to telework for the government Students in rural parts of the county are at a very real disadvantage with the lack of internet connectivity. Supplemental entry Down and Up speeds are Meg not Gig Survey not objective, set up for all people to want "more" and "better". Terrestrial wireless should be another alternative -- but the only provider in the area only offers 2 Mb service. Terrible time lately with Internet and cell service due to "tower issues" Tank you for addressing a HUGE need in our area!!! Tank you for the survey. I have about 1 bar of service for my AT&T smartphone and often, no network available due to over sub Tank you for your hard work in this area! It is greatly appreciated!! Tank you. We wish we had better wiring in this area to take advantage of the higher speeds. Tanks for your consideration Te biggest problem isTV. Satellite would help Te Board's new initiative to bring broadband access to all households in the county is fully supported from many angles. the changing of job requirements and the ability to meet them; questions the ability to remain in at our current address Te data caps are killing us! 30GB for $130 a month is absolutely ridiculous. Makes it impossible to run a business! Te internet service we have us good only about 60% of the time. Te internet situation on my street is truly an embarrassment which limits productivity and is in serious need of addressing. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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Te lack of

either cable or FiOS broadband is a significant hinderance main challenge is the cap on daily Internet data, not the speed. the more reliable the service, the more sustainable the economy in rural areas Te only options we have are satellite and dial up Te ONLY thing I miss from living in the suburbs is unlimited high speed internet Te service that I have is good but it goes o ff periodically then you have,to reset the box. We have had several the sooner the better especially in the rural areas i want faster internet with no monthly data restrictions. the whole county needs better access. dead zones.unreliable. makes business harder Te year is 2016 and our county has terrible broadband. We are behind the times. Tere are many internet services I'd use if wehad a higher-bandwidth service. Cell phone service is marginal. Tere are three power lines run through my property, fiber optic cable under those, a power substation and my phones don't

Te

work. Tere is NO cell phone signal at my home in Hume and when the power goes out, we eventually lose the landline phone also. is NO cell signal at our residence. Sometimes one bar if you walk 200 yards up the hill. Tere is no other option than Comcast in my neighborhood Tese days good fast reliable internet is a necessity. Tis is a huge problem! It is horribly expensive and that gets us a slow connection! Tis is an internet survey. Why ask about phone and TV service? Tese are different technologies and services? Tis is our singular yet monumental dissatisfaction with living in Fauquier County. Cable is required for functioning in society. Tis service would be very important to me ! Please keep working on to ! Tank you. Too expensive/too slow/not reliable! Tried to get Comcast because my neighbor has it, but Comcast said "no." Tried to get WISP service, but trees and terrain prevent line of sight to tower. Wireless phone service very poor. Unable to use internet for all task due to lack of speed. Used to have Verizon internet which worked for two years then they re-orientated the tower. Didn't tell us and lied about it Verizon and Comcast have no plans to provide service on this street for the next several years. Tank you, LUTHER Keys. Verizon does not provide any data service on the telephone line Verizon DSL is so slow & unreliable that smartphones often default to cellular data which costs my household substantial $/ mo Verizon phone is the only company on my road to provide hardline telephone service, but it is poor quality Verizon provides extremely poor service. Verizon was to get DSL out to us and NEVER has in 10 years Very f rustrating that others around us (within a few miles) have other cable/internet options. Very limited cell service and DSL quality is horrible Very spotty service. Connectivity has gone down down down. VPN download of large documents is horrible and unreliable. We also need better cell service in our location!!!! We also need better cell service in our location!!!! We are 4 self-employed adults that depend upon internet access for our business. We have no access to cable or FIOS internet. We are a homeschool family and have to go out to stream videos for certain classes. I We are both retired. We are building new subdivisions in Fauquier without preparing the infrastructure. Mintbrook is listed as unserviceable We are elderly and I am disabled. Tere is severe weather here now and we need to be able to call for help and my husband needs we are extremely unhappy with our cell phone and internet service,. we love living in Catlett Virginia, but hate the services We are unable to access line-of-sight broadband to access the internet and long for a reliable non-satellite connection.. We are very concerned that the lack of good internet options in our area will adversely affect the value of our home We are very frustrated with the lack of good internet and cell signal! Please find a solution! we can't get internet at our house or cell phone service. I have to go into Loudoun County to get internet. We can't talk on the cell phone inside our house! We need better towers and communications at more reasonable cost Tere


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We can't use VOIP because our bandwidth is too limited; we run out of bandwidth every month; we have no cell phone service We deal with access issues in other spots well - its how it was when we moved here. Tat is why it's beautiful! So worth it : ) We desperately need fast, dependable, & unlimited internet access as we work from home full time work from home. We do not watch movies because of limited data. We don't game online or watch movies because the connection is too slow. We don't need phone service, cell phones are fine in the area. Comcast supplies TV, but no internet. We need broadband. We had internet and tv up until a few months ago when the bill became to much and we couldn't afford it anymore We had Verizon wireless for internet and installed booster to better signal, but booster requires continuous reset. We hate our DSL and restart the router multiple times each day. We hate satellite connection. no reliable TV, internet, cell phone services. had to fold my life Internet business. We Verizon T-1 line embedded the front of our butdeclined Verizonour refuses to extend residential service to us We have have aasked Verizon sneak times for in internet service butproperty they have requests. We have been thinking about buying our first home, and it's hard to find properties w/land that are in an internet service area We have been trying to get another internet provider other than HughesNet We have cable at both ends of our street but not on our street. How is this fair? Our internet access is via wireless 10G We have much better internet access at our camp in the Adirondacks than we have seventy miles from the nation's capital. We have zero cell service at home, no signal,,,,,. We love living in the country but the internet issues are a huge problem! We must have internet, and we pay over $500.00 per month. It is a terrible burden on our family financially. We need a company that understands and provides better service We need a constant on unlimited data broadband connection or we will move out of the county we need access to cable phone internet that is less expensive and better quality We need AFFORDABLE UNLIMITED options for internet - it is a must for schoolwork and my work! We need another provider, we are held hostage by only one provider, there is no competition, there fore we have to pay very high We need broadband service out here! So close to DC yet we're living in the internet stone age. We need Fiber Optic Cables out here Agent Lee We need good reliable high speed internet!!!!!!! Please. we need internet service We need reliable high speed connectivity. We need this in our county!! We pay too much for cell phones and still have to travel to McD's to use free internet. We need this service bad all my neighbors want internet but it's not available We need to be able to attach response letters to this survey. Please instruct. We need uncapped broadband desperately!! Tey limit the amount of GB we use and I am paying through the nose for it! We own and live on our farm. Better internet service would be very important to keep up with news and technology in farming. We pay $$$$$$ for basic, unreliable services; it should be better We really need cable internet! I'm tired of paying HUGE fees for very slow, unreliable satellite internet. We really want access to unlimited internet with the capability of being able to view Netflix, etc. We run 3 business from our home. For us, having high speed, reliable access to internet is essential. We appreciate your help! We sure need better options in Fauquier C. Verizon is so expensive,and land line reliability is deteriorating. Tanks. We typically pay over $500/month for service which is why we aren't willing to pay more. We want Verizon Fios We would be ecstatic to have the option of cable and Fios in our area We would like better internet service to work from home, download videos/movies/books/music. Also need better cell service! We would like to be able to stream movies We would like to join the 21st Century. We do not have cell signal r any choice other than satellite for tv and Internet. We would love a more reliable internet service. Te $99 per month that we pay would be much more tolerable if the service was. Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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We would LOVE to have better service in our area!!!! We would LOVE to have FiOS! We need better cell phone service, we walk down the st for 1 bar!! Well, I sorta "work" from home....I'm responsible for my Club's computer work. WFH on bad weather days, also what happened to the cell tower that was approved at Hume, va? Why doesn't the southern part of the county have the same services that the richer / northern end have?Why is there no competition? Country and county need Google Fiber. Wife disabled uses internet but will not be able to afford after husband retires. Wife teaches HS in county. Students and parents without access can't stay current with state and county requirements. Putting k Wife works from home when she can. Will theto solution meet FCC definition of broadband (25Mbps upload/3Mbps download)? Willing pay more forthe better service? Relative to what? Internet From what I pay now? NO! With bad weather, thunder storms, heavy snow connection is lost. With the increasing traffic, the need for teleworking is growing, but the Internet options makes teleworking prohibitive. Work sometimes from home for employer. would be nice to have a tower for wireless cellphone Would do more work if had better internet Would do much more online if not limited to Cellular data. We need high-speed internet access. Would like better cell phone service and internet through electricity lines! Would like more choices than Comcast for high speed internet and cable. Would like to have any of major cable companies offer tv/high speed internet to our neighborhood Westervelt Would like to see fiber to the home (FTTH) and better wireless coverage Would love faster, more reliable, and unlimited broadband Would love FiOS or another wired service. Would love to get another kind of Internet service that doesn't cost an arm and a leg Would love to have Comcast or Verizon internet/tv service! Xfinity is the only usable internet in our neighborhood, and bc of the monopoly it is an absolute ripoff Yes whymissing is it taking so long for Streaming our countyTV to get access to hight speed. Other surrounding counties have greater options. You're up and coming in this survey. Big player.


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Appendix D: Business Survey— Affordable broadband and speed $100 a month for reliable 10 MBS $100 a month; faster than satellite $100 month $100 month $100 per month / 100+ MB $100 per month, 5+ Mb/sec, if it's reliable $100 super fast $100 super fast $100-$150 monthly $100-$200 for full uplink and downlink broadband with no data limits $100-150 1-3 MB unlimited $100.00 - $125.00 / Mo for 100 mbps $125/month at 10-50Mb $150 19mb download 4mb upload $150 unlimited is the biggest key $250-300/month for anything over 100mbps/down and 20/up $400 per month for 50 up and down $50 and as fast as possible $50/mo for 100mb up and down $65 per month and 100+ Mbps 10 - 50+ MBPS and >$250 per month is ok 10-50 MB for $125/month 100-120 per month, 25mb up and 25mb down or better,low latency 100$ and fast 100Mb for $1000/month would be nice 150-200/month, for 10-50Mbps` 150/month 100+ if possible 200.00 20Mbps50mbs @ $179 / mo 20mbs $150 400-500 per month for 100mb or faster with no limits on monthly data 50 MBPS for $500 50 to 100Mb at $125/month 50-100 Mbps 50-100MB / what ever the cost is, it will be well worth it! 50.00 per month 50mb or more 39.99 per month 80/month for 100mb A stable 20MB connection for $100/mo (no caps) would be nice! about $100- $150/mo depending on service provided At this point we pay too much for what we have. We should getting faster speed for what we pay. Give us an option and a price. Cable or DSL. 500$ per month os ridiculous when in town rates are 10% of that. Comcast provides "burst" service up to 100Mb, it's bundled with VOiP and TV, but it too expensive at about $260.00 / Mo. Do not understand the question don t know 1 person, under $100 that speed is IFor need to sendanything out video, whatever I pay enough. Don't want to pay morethan $175 per month I pay to much now for horrible service I used to pay about $100 for 100mbs downloads from comcast in Bealeton I was willing to pay $500.a month for 10mg fiber but then they wanted $60,000 to lay the fiber Fauquier Broadband StudyDRAFT

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I will pay almost anything to have something other than satellite! I would LOVE FIOS and could absolutely use it to enhance my business. Would pay up to $250 or even $300 a month... I would pay $400 a month for symmetrical gigabit speed I would pay up to $200 a month I'd like to have the speed the the Marshall Library has now If I was able to have high-speed I would pay up to $125/month. I am not sure of the current speed I have at home. Internet cost is not the limiting factor. More speed and dependable connection is the key internet should be at least 3mb and not bandwidth limited; cost <150/month Less than $100 as fast as possible Less than $100. FCC broadband spec.25Mbps download 3 Mbpsupload My upload speed is actually more important than my download speed because we primarily serve websites to the world No sure, but willing to pay more for better service Not much Nothing is really affSPEED ordable and T1 is AT the most can get. in city 1gig is(see likeabove) $80 with phone not $500 for 1.5mb OUR CURRENT (10Mb) OURICURRENT COST paying reliable is more important.... greater than 15MB Speed now is OK - but strict limit on upload/download per day Te cost is included in my lease Under $100 mos, 100 mbps+ w/fiber future Undetermined VA Very fast, $75-80/month we would pay over $1,500 per month but would like to see 50mb up/down We've recently upgraded at reduced cost and increased speed


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Appendix E: Business Survey— Other needs Another cell option would be nice. I have Verizon and coverage is acceptable for voice almost zero for data. Better cell service in outlying areas. As somebody on call for my business 24/7, I cannot have the repeated dropped calls better landlines for phone. Periods of wet weather lead to prolonged noise in the line that interferes with business. Cell Phone and Internet Cell phone service is essentially dead in many parts of the county Cloud storage I must download all software updates. Current speed not sufficient to cover this need. It takes more time and often does not I need a redundancy connection such as DSL or Cox but I am only able to get Comcast, the specific need is for dedicated IPs I need competition: Verizon offers 3mbps and below, Comcast much more, but no competition between them for highbandwidth I would love to have the ability to watch on line school course videos from my Master's Program at home!! Improved cellular service in Northern end of county; could remove need for hard-wiring broadband; microwave broadband an option increased cell phone coverage / signal Inexpensive wifi like cable Internet service at home different from office Maybe fax My biggest issue is reliability. I have use two ISPs to ensure I am able to be connected. N/A Need better cell coverage None None None None none Phones that work in when it rains would be nice. unlimited data consumption Vastly improved reception and less expensive service for cell phones We need affordable high speed We need enough band width and speed to upload video. We need reliable internet connection. If it rains, wind blows or the sun shines, we lose internet connection. Would like Fiber Optic You covered it, but I could do much more with more speed


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Appendix F: Business Survey— Other Comments AT&T's cell signal has significantly downgraded over time in our area. We have to use a MicroCell to get a signal. Comcast needs to stop charging $15000 to run lines between telephone poles, we know it does not cost that much. Comcast quoted me 235k to bring a cable 4 miles to my house!!! I thought Warrenton had cable and I was wrong Current service too expensive for mediocre performance Disgrace to be 1 hour from DC and not have High speed that is affordable Everyone falls behind in today's society because of the lack of technology available. I have to file business taxes online. My connection is so poor that it sometimes takes days to file, if it works at all. I work full time and run my business as a side venture . Hoping to run my business full time at some point . I would prefer a wired fiber or cable connection and would pay for it If I pay for Internet at home it should include it for my business. Also, business plans are way overpriced. In rural Fauquier County we are stuck in the stone ages when it comes to technology It is sad that our business can buy broadband for our home but simple residences cannot. Verizon makes data artificially scarce. It would be very helpful to attract more business to Fauquier County if we had a reliable high speed internet for our community Land line maintenance has really suffered. We've had our business lines (we have 3, pay $200/month!) out for days at time. Looking for a more reliable provider. In the 18 months since relocating my business to Vint Hill we have lost service 5-10. Many friends are moving out of my area due to poor internet My business (online training delivery) cannot exist with unreliable service. I use the Mason Center in Warrenton for class. Need Internet service to remotely monitor security cameras. Currently unavailable at our Marshall business location. Need unlimited high speed internet option. We are looking at relocating as the satellite options are not unlimited No Please change this issue in Fauquier County. We will have to move locations if not Seems if service demand was high enough providers would already be working to provide competitive services. the sooner the better especially in the rural areas Tere's are many internet based services that we would use but cant because we have NO high-speed internet options We are currently researching other counties to move our business to that offers high-speed internet to expand our business. We have dial-up (3 locations), satellite (1) & cellular wireless (2); landline phones have noise in the line in wet weather We just signed on at the Fauquier Enterprise Center for internet access since we don't have it from the farm. We need cable in the country We need dependable internet at a fast speed and reasonable price We need some choices and competition!!! Tank you for asking, this survey is a huge step forward if action follows! We switched to Comcast from a local unreliable, slower and very expensive broad band service. We would have more people on the internet and be able to serve clients better. Willing to pay higher Real Estate tax for fiber Optic to home. Already pay so much for Data and it probably would be cheaper. With all ISPs, difficult to balance work and pleasure internet usage and data plans for home-based business


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Fauquier Broadband Recommendations

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