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Chemical Reaction Aqua Regia for Gold
Aqua regia or in Latin Latin is more known as as royal water is a chemical chemical solvent all the metals, where where the solution is the result of mixing a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a solution of aqua fort is or more in the know with Nitric Acid (HN!), which is "art of an oxidant the most "owerful# $n a mixing %etween hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Nitric Acid (HN!) is !& ', hat is the volume of a solution of ! "arts hydrochloric acid (HCl) was added to ' volume "art of the solution of Nitric Acid (HN!) $n "ractice Aqua regia is often used as a solvent in the "rocessing of gold metal, and chemicals are often used as a gold refiner# he "rocess "rocess is very sim"le dissolution dissolution ha""ens when metal react gold %y aqua regia regia solution# Chemical reactions Au + 3HNO3 + 4HCl 4HCl
HAuCl4 + 3NO2 + 3H2 O
→
Au (s) + 3 NO3-(aq) NO3-(aq) + 6 H + (aq) (aq) Au3 + (aq) + 4 Cl-(aq)
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After the reaction is com"lete then the next ste" is the "rocess of settling and se"aration of thede"osition solution# he next solution in neutral with the addition of urea to reduce the residual HN!, and gold gained %y cementation, i#e# "reci"itation with the addition of sodium meta%isulfide, as in the following reaction& 2HAuCl 4+3H2O + 3NaHO3 ! 2Au + "HCl + 3Na2 O4 + 3O2
rHAuCl5*+CHAuCl5CNa.s./'#/CH.'#/ +(./-c)*'#0'-1(L!2mol!#hr), 3a* '60#!6 (+42mol)# r with theadditionof hydrogen "eroxide (H..) and 7odium Hydroxide (NaH)# 8urther sedi mentleft in the wash with hot water and then dried in the melt to %e made in a metal
Chemical Reactions Aqua Regia for platinum #t (s) + 4 NO 3- (aq) + " H+ (aq) → #t4+ (aq) + 4 NO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l) 3#t (s) + 4 NO 3- (aq) + $6 H+ (aq) → 3#t4+ (aq) + 4 NO (g) + " H2O (l) he oxidi9ed "latinum ion then reacts with w ith chloride ions resulting in the chloro"latinate ion# #t4+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) → #tCl62- (aq) 3x"erimental evidence reveals that the reaction of "latinum with aqua regia is considera%ly more com"lex# he initial reactions "roduce a mixture of chloro"latinous acid (H.:tCl5) and nitroso"latinic chloride ((N).:tCl5)# he nitroso"latinic chloride is a solid "roduct# $f full dissolution of the "latinum is desired, re"eated extractions of the residual solids with concentrated hydrochloric acid must %e "erformed# #t (s) + 2 HNO3 (aq) + 4 HCl (aq) → (NO)2#tCl4 (s) + 3 H2O (l) + $%2 O2 (g)
-r#t!&'C#t.2'CHNO3.'CHCl &(2c)!.*4$$ ( .*%mol.*.hr),a!.$ (&/%mol) (NO)2#tCl4 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → H2#tCl4 (aq) + NOCl (g) he chloro"latinous acid can %e oxidi9ed to chloro"latinic acid %y saturating the
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