El Proceso de Evaluación Tratamiento e Intervención Psicológica

Ge \rkigsk bg Gvheuhioùj Rrhthcogjtk g Ojtgrvgjioùj \soikeùfoih Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Gufgjo Fhriãh Frhu

Ge \rkigsk bg Gvheuhioùj Rrhthcogjtk g Ojtgrvgjioùj \soikeùfoih

Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Bkitkr

gj \soikekfãh y prkagskr totuehr bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtk \soikeùfoik bg eh Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh* Mh puèoihbk vhroks eo`rks% ihpãtueks bg eo`rks y hrtãiueks gj rgvosths iogjtãaoihs% eh chykrãh sk`rg trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb* Gs psoiùekfk gspgioheosth gj \soikekfãh Ieãjoih y ikborgitkr bg eh Wjobhb bg Rgrhpoh bg Ikjbuith% uj sgrvoiok bg hsostgjioh psoikeùfoih bg eh Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh bg eh Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh% bkjbg trh`hdh gj thrghs bg ojvgstofhioùj% eh`kr ieãjoih y akrchioùj bg tgrhpguths*

Gufgjo Fhriãh Frhu \rkagskr totuehr bg eh Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh bg eh Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh y \soiùekfk Gspgioheosth gj \soikekfãh Ieãjoih* Akrchj phrtg bg eh Wjobhb bg Rgrhpoh bg Ikjbuith% uj sgrvoiok hsostgjiohe bg eh Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh% y togjgj jucgrkshs puèoihiokjgs sk`rg eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub*

Bgphrthcgjtk bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtks \soikeùfoiks

\rkigsk # 8

\rkigsk # 8

Ahiuetht bg \soikekfoh Bgphrthcgjt bg \grskjheotht% Hvheuhioù o Rrhithcgjt \soikeðfois

GE \PKIGYK BG GQHEWHIOÙJ _ RPHRHCOGJRK Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Gufgjo Fhriãh Frhu Bgphrthcgjtk bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtk \soikeùfoiks Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh% Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh 0= bg kitu`rg bg 0<
\rkigsk # 0

OJRPKBWIIOÙJ Gj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj y trhthcogjtk bg eks prkègchs prgsgjthbks pkr ujh pgrskjh sg mhj bostojfuobk cès k cgjks ahsgs sgfôj eks hutkrgs% hujqug eks phsks aujbhcgjthegs h sgfuor skj socoehrgs gj tkbks eks ihsks -Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks% 8??2> Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks y Ihrrkègs% 8?=8> Fkbky% 8??8> Frhøh% 0<<7> Cuøkz% 8??9% 0<<0% 0<<=/* Jksktrks bostojfuorgcks ehs so# fuogjtgs sogtg ahsgs gj ge prkigsk bg ojtgrvgjioùj4 8/ 0/ 9/ 2/ 7/ 1/ 6/

Ikjthitk ojoiohe y hjèeosos bge prkègch* Akrcuehioùj y ikjtrhstg bg mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs* Gsthègiocogjtk bg k`dgtovks* Bosgøk bge trhthcogjtk* Hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk y gvheuhioùj burhjtg ge cosck* Gvheuhioùj trhs ge trhthcogjtk y tgrcojhioùj bge cosck* Ygfuocogjtk*

Gsth boagrgjiohioùj gjtrg ahsgs togjg socpegcgjtg uj k`dgtovk bobèitoik* _h ikj ge procgr ikjthitk ikj ge ieogjtg surfgj ehs procgrhs mopùtgsos y iogrths hituhiokjgs bge tgrhpguth prkbuigj ihcòks gj ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bge phiogjtg* Eh akrcuehioùj y hjèeosos bge prkègch pugbg prksg# fuor k rgsurfor burhjtg eh ojtgrvgjioùj bgòbk h eh hphroioùj bg jugvks bhtks k h eh ikjsobgrhioùj bg jugvks prkègchs% ehs mopùtgsos ojoiohegs pugbgj ihcòhr gj aujioùj bg eh jugvh ojakrchioùj bospkjoèg% uj ieogjtg pugbg sgr bgrovhbk jk sùek he ikcogjzk bg eh tgrhpoh% gti* Jk gs jgigshrok bgior qug eh rgheozhioùj hbgiuhbh bge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj rgquogrg uj ik# jkiocogjtk ek cès gxtgjsk pksoèg higrih bg ehs aujiokjgs psoikeùfoihs% eh ikvhrohioùj gjtrg rgs# pugsths% eks aujbhcgjtks aosokeùfoiks y jgurkeùfoiks bge ikcpkrthcogjtk% ehs `hsgs skiohegs bge cosck% eh psoikekfãh bge hprgjbozhdg% eh psoikphtkekfãh% eks cïtkbks g ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj% gti* Ofuhecgjtg% ehs mhòeobhbgs pgrskjhegs bge psoiùekfk y su gxpgrogjioh prkagsokjhe ikjtroùorèj he chykr k cgjkr ïxotk bg eh gcprgsh* 8

IKJRHIRK OJOIOHE _ HJÈEOYOY BGE \PK@EGCH Eks k`dgtovks bg gsth ahsg skj gxpeoihr eh ikjaobgjioheobhb bg eh ojakrchioùj y sus eãcotgs> gsthègigr ujh ùgjh rgehioùj ikj ge phiogjtg> obgjtoaoihr% gxpekrhr y gspgioaoihr eks prkègchs bg gstg> bgtgrcojhr iuèegs skj hqugeehs vhrohègs rgehiokjhbhs ikj ge surfocogjtk% bgshrrkeek y chj# tgjocogjtk bg eks coscks> y bgrovhr he phiogjtg gj ihsk bg jk pkbgr shtosahigr hbgiuhbhcgjtg sus bgchjbhs* Fgjgrhecgjtg% iuhjbk uj ieogjtg quogrg skeoiothr hsostgjioh gj uj igjtrk ieãjoik% sugeg eehchr pkr tgeïakjk* Gj gsg ckcgjtk sg eg pobgj eks bhtks pgrskjhegs `èsoiks -jkc`rg% gbhb% borgiioùj% tgeïakjk% prkagsoùj/ y sg eg skeoioth ojakrchioùj sk`rg ge cktovk bg su ikjsueth y hqugeeks bhtks cès rgegvhjtgs rgehtovks he prkègch* Pgikfgr gsth ojakrchioùj pgrcotg 4 h/ Mhigr ujh sgegiioùj ojoiohe bg ieogjtgs y bgrovhr h hqugeeks qug% pkr su frhvgbhb k topk bg prkègch% jk sg gstï gj ikjboiokjgs bg trhthr* `/ Qhekrhr eh urfgjioh ikj eh qug ge ieogjtg bg`g sgr htgjbobk* Yo uj ieogjtg jk pubogrh sgr rgioòbk ikj eh rhpobgz qug su ihsk rgquogrg% bg`grãh sgr bgrovhbk h ktrk prkagsokjhe* \kr ktrh phrtg% so ge prkègch jk gs urfgjtg pgrk gxostg eosth bg gspgrh% ge ieogjtg bg`g sgr oj# akrchbk bg geek phrh qug bgiobh so quogrg gspgrhr k prgaogrg hiubor h ktrk igjtrk* Gj gstg

\rkigsk # 9

ôetock ihsk pugbgj prkpkriokjèrsgeg eks tgeïakjks bg ktrhs ojstotuiokjgs k fhòjgtgs* i/ \rgphrhr hjtgs bg eh procgrh gjtrgvosth ge chtgrohe bg gvheuhioùj qug% gj projiopok% sg ikjsobgrg qug gs prk`hèg gcpeghr -fuãh bg gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks% gsihehs y+k hutkrrg# fostrks/* Bg tkbks ckbks% ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug% ikj rgehtovh argiugjioh% ge ckto# vk bg ikjsueth gxprgshbk pkr ge ieogjtg he skeoiothr vosoth jk ikojiobg ikj ge ojakrchbk bu# rhjtg eh sgsoùj* Gj gstks ihsks% sgrè jgigshrok bgiobor burhjtg eh sgsoùj ge chtgrohe h utoeo# zhr* Wjh vgz qug ge ieogjtg hiubg% trhs sheubhreg% prgsgjthrsg y ikcprk`hr qug gstè gj ikjboiokjgs bg rgheozhr ujh gjtrgvosth% sg k`togjgj -ihsk bg qug jk sg pksghj/ k sg ikjaorchj eks bhtks pgr# skjhegs y bgckfrèaoiks `èsoiks ^jkc`rg y hpgeeobks% agimh bg jhiocogjtk% borgiioùj y tgeïakjk% jovge bg gstuboks% kiuphioùj hituhe y sotuhioùj eh`krhe% jovge gikjùcoik% gsthbk iovoe% jôcgrk% gbhb y sgxk bg eks modks% ikj quoïj sg vovg% ahcoeoh bg krofgj -fgjkfrhch/S y quoïj eg mh gjvohbk k bhbk rgagrgjiohs phrh vgjor* H phrtor bg eh ojakrchioùj prkpkriokjhbh pkr ge phiogjtg% pugbg ojoiohrsg ujh ikjvgrshioùj skiohe `rgvg phrh rkcpgr ge mogek* Gstk thcòïj mh pkbobk mhigr hjtgs gcpeghjbk tùpoiks ikck ge togcpk% hefujh ojakrchioùj bhbh tgegaùjoihcgjtg pkr ge ieogjtg -p*gd*% modks% gjagrcgbhb bg uj ahcoeohr% uj vohdg/% hefk bgsthihèg qug mh kiurrobk gj ge bãh% hefujh iksh qug sg ojaogrg bg hefk qug ge ieogjtg eegvh gjioch -p*gd*% ujh ojsofjoh bgpkrtovh/% gti* Ek sofuogjtg gs gxpeoihr gj fgjgrhe ge prkigsk bg gjtrgvosth qug sg sgfuorè% ojakrchr bge togcpk bospkjoèg phrh eh cosch y bgior he ieogjtg qug eh ojakrchioùj qug sg eg pobh sgrè ikjao# bgjiohe shevk hqugeeks ihsks gj qug ge ieogjtg hcgjhzh ikj ojarojfor uj bhøk frhvg h ktrhs pgrsk# jhs k h sã cosck k ojakrch qug ek gstè mhiogjbk -p*gd*% chetrhtk k hùsk sgxuhe bg cgjkrgs k bg pgrskjhs qug jk pugbgj bhr su ikjsgjtocogjtk% ojtgjtk bg mkcoiobok k suoiobok/* Yg eg gxpeoih thcòïj qug% he ofuhe qug gj eks bgcès ihsks% eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh pugbg sgr ikcphrtobh ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs bge igjtrk* Yo sg bgsgh qug eh gjtrgvosth sgh k`sgrvhbh% borgith k ojborgithcgj# tg% pkr gstubohjtgs gj prèitoihs% bg`grè pgborsg ge ikjsgjtocogjtk prgvok bge phiogjtg* H ikjtojuh# ioùj% sg eg hvosh qug sg tkchrèj jkths burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth y sg eg bh ujh rhzùj phrh geek* Hso# cosck% y so gs ge ihsk% sg eg skeoioth pgrcosk phrh frh`hr eh gjtrgvosth y sg dustoaoih eh ikjvg# jogjioh bg eh frh`hioùj* Gs aujbhcgjthe gsthègigr ujh hitotub gcpètoih y ikrbohe mhioh ge ieogjtg* Bgboihrsg sùek h k`tgjgr ojakrchioùj pugbg eegvhr h vgr he tgrhpguth ikck ojsgjsoèg% ek iuhe tgjbrè gagitks pgrdu# boiohegs gj eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih y gj eh ikeh`krhioùj bge phiogjtg* Eh gcphtãh ocpeoih sh`gr gsiuimhr% ckstrhr ojtgrïs vgr`he y jk vgr`hecgjtg gj ikcprgjbgr eks pujtks bg vosth bge ieogjtg y vgroaoihr ikj gstg ge frhbk gj qug sg mhj ikcprgjbobk sus pujtks bg vosth> gstg sh`gr vgr ehs ikshs ikck ehs vg ge ktrk bg`g mhigrsg soj ocpeoihrsg gckiokjhecgjtg y chjtgjogjbk eh chykr k`dgtovo# bhb pksoèg* Eh ikrboheobhb ocpeoih gxprgshr vgr`he y jk vgr`hecgjtg ojtgrïs pkr ge ieogjtg y hprgiok y higpthioùj% hsã ikck èjock y hprk`hioùj iuhjbk sgh kpkrtujk* \kr ktrh phrtg% gs eh`kr bge tgrhpguth ikjsgfuor qug eks phiogjtgs sg sogjthj ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg sgfurks y ikjaohbks ikck phrh pkbgr gxprgshr sus bubhs% prgfujths% rgsgrvhs y tgckrgs* Jk mhigregs ihsk% ikrthregs k iroto# ihregs ikjbuig h ujh rgehioùj bg pkih ikjaohjzh qug ahvkrgig ge rgtrhocogjtk% ge gjfhøk g ojieusk ge h`hjbkjk* Hefujks psoiùekfks ojtgjthj rgikfgr burhjtg gsth ahsg eh chykr ihjtobhb bg ojakrchioùj pk# soèg `hdk ge supugstk bg qug hsã sg ekfrhrè ujh cgdkr ikcprgjsoùj bge prkègch* Yoj gc`hrfk% gstk% hphrtg bge ikstg qug supkjg% pugbg eegvhr h ujh hiucuehioùj bgskrfhjozhbh bg bhtks y h duo# ioks gjfhøksks* Eh iheobhb bg eh gvheuhioùj bg`g prochr sk`rg eh ihjtobhb*

Eks hspgitks qug sg ojbhfhj skj eks sofuogjtgs4 cktovk bg ikjsueth y ktrks pksoègs prk# ègchs> hjèeosos bge prkègch gj eh hituheobhb> mostkroh bge prkègch> trhthcogjtks prgvoks y hi# tuhegs> cktovhioùj% k`dgtovks y gxpgithtovhs> rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg> trhstkrjks psoik# eùfoiks hskiohbks y trhstkrjks hjtgrokrgs> y iogrths èrghs `èsoihs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg*

\rkigsk # 2

\hrh k`tgjgr gsth ojakrchioùj% sg gcpogzh gcpeghjbk eh gjtrgvosth -ikj eh k`sgrvhioùj ik# rrgspkjbogjtg burhjtg eh cosch/% eh iuhe pugbg sgr ikcpegcgjthbh pkr iugstokjhroks fgjgrhegs -iugstokjhrok hutkòkfrèaoik% eosthbk bg prkègchs% Kutikcg Xugstokjjhorg#27% Yycptkc Imgin# eost#?<#P/ y bhtks bg hrimovk* Eugfk% phrh hcpeohr% prgioshr y ikjtrhsthr eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh% sg hpeoihj ktrks cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gjtrg eks qug sg gjiugjtrhj eks iugstokjhroks gspgiãaoiks% eh gjtrgvosth h ktrhs pgrskjhs% ge hutkrrgfostrk% eh k`sgrvhioùj -gj sotuhiokjgs socuehbhs% hrtoaoioh# egs k jhturhegs/% eks rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks -pkik gcpeghbks gj ieãjoih/ y eks gxècgjgs cïbo# iks* Iuhjbk sg gjtrgvosth h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs % gs jgigshrok pgbor pgrcosk he ieogjtg y prgfuj# threg h gstg quï phrtg bg eh ojakrchioùj qug mh bhbk sg pugbg ikcujoihr gj ihsk jgigshrok y iuèe jk> gsth cosch prgfujth bg`g mhigrsg h eh pgrskjh heegfhbh*

CKROQK BG IKJYWERH _ KRPKY \PK@EGCHY Yg pobg he ieogjtg qug gxpeoqug ikj bgtheeg quï gs ek qug eg phsh* Ikjvogjg jk ojtgrrucporeg mhsth qug tgrcojg su jhrrhioùj% pgrk bg`gj ckstrhrsg ehs kpkrtujhs sgøhegs vgr`hegs y jk vgr`hegs bg gsiuimh y% ihsk bg qug sg cugstrg cuy prgkiuphbk pkr hefk% bhreg ojakrchioùj trhjquoeozhbkrh gj eh cgbobh bg ek pksoèg* Mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs prgfujths k iehroaoihiokjgs prgchturhs pugbgj sgsfhr eh ojakrchioùj prkpkriokjhbh pkr ge ieogjtg gj eh borgiioùj bg ehs pgrigpiokjgs bge tgrhpguth y pugbgj thcòïj ojmoòr eh ikcujoihioùj bg bgtgrcojhbh ojakrchioùj* Yo uj ieogjtg augrh cuy gsiugtk gj su gxpksoioùj% bg`g hjocèrsgeg h kargigr ujh jhrrhioùj cès gxtgjsh* Wjh vgz qug ge ieogjtg mh ikjthbk ek qug eg phsh% sg mhig uj `rgvg rgsucgj qug ocpeoqug qug sg ikcprgjbg ek qug mh gxpeoihbk y iùck sg sogjtg* Bg gstg ckbk% sg ikjsofugj vhroks k`dg# tovks4 bhr ujh gstruiturh h eh ojakrchioùj rgikfobh% ikcujoihr he ieogjtg qug sg eg ikcprgjbg y pgrcotoreg ikrrgfor ehs pgrigpiokjgs grrùjghs bge tgrhpguth* Eugfk% gj eufhr bg phshr h igjtrhrsg yh bg gjtrhbh gj ge prkègch prgsgjthbk pkr ge ieogjtg -gstk pugbg mhigr qug jk sg bgtgitgj ktrks prkègchs ofuhe k cès ocpkrthjtgs/% sg eg prg# fujth so% hphrtg bge prkègch gxpugstk% togjg ktrks pksoègs prkègchs * Yo ge ieogjtg rgikjkig hefôj prkègch hboiokjhe% mhy qug sgfuor prgfujthjbk gj fgjgrhe pkr eh pksoèg gxostgjioh bg ktrks pksoègs prkègchs mhsth qug eh rgspugsth sgh jgfhtovh* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth% bg tkbks ckbks% qug uj ieogjtg pugbg jk rgikjkigr k hbcotor ktrks prkègchs gj gsth procgrh sgsoùj% pgrk mhigrek cès hbgehjtg iuhjbk tgjfh cès ikjaohjzh ikj ge tgrhpguth*

Yo ge ieogjtg ojakrch bg ktrks prkègchs% sg eg pobg qug mhèg sk`rg eks coscks phrh mhigrsg ujh obgh he rgspgitk> ge tgrhpguth skeoiothrè cès ojakrchioùj iuhjtk cès ocpkrthjtg eg phrgzih ge prkègch* Wjh vgz obgjtoaoihbks bostojtks prkègchs% sg prkpkriokjh he ieogjtg uj `rgvg rgsucgj y sg eg pobg qug eks krbgjg sgfôj ge frhbk gj qug supkjgj ujh pgrtur`hioùj k ojtgragrgj# ioh gj su vobh* H ikjtojuhioùj% sg bgiobg iuèe bg eks prkègchs obgjtoaoihbks sg h`krbhrè gj procgr eufhr y gj quï krbgj orèj eks sofuogjtgs* Ge irotgrok fgjgrhe h sgfuor gs eh chykr k cgjkr frhvgbhb bg eks prkègchs* Yoj gc`hrfk% so ge prkègch bg chykr frhvgbhb jk gs ge qug cès prg# kiuph he ieogjtg% pugbg ikcgjzhrsg pkr ge prkègch qug cès eg ojquogth phrh qug jk sg sogjth oj# ikcprgjbobk* Eugfk% trhs ujh gxpekrhioùj cès k cgjks gxtgjsh% mh bg vkevgrsg he prkègch cès frhvg* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug jk tkbks eks prkègchs mhj bg gvheuhrsg ikj eh cosch prk# aujbobhb> gsth bgpgjbgrè bg eh ocpkrthjioh bg eks coscks y bg eh bospksoioùj bge ieogjtg phrh trhthreks* \kr ktrh phrtg% so ge ieogjtg bgsgh h`krbhr hefôj prkègch gj ujh ahsg pkstgrokr% eh gvh# euhioùj gj prkaujbobhb pugbg rgsgrvhrsg phrh boimk ckcgjtk* Hikrbhbk ge prkègch qug sg h`krbhrè gj procgr eufhr% sg gxpeoih eh jgigsobhb bg k`tgjgr

\rkigsk # 7

ujh ojakrchioùj cès bgtheehbh hjtgs bg pkbgr bgiobor ge trhthcogjtk cès hbgiuhbk y% bg hmã% ge mgimk bg qug sg vhyhj h rgheozhr prgfujths sk`rg ge prkègch prgsgjthbk y eks gegcgjtks rgehiok# jhbks ikj ïe% eh mostkroh bge prkègch% eks trhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs ojtgjthbks y eks k`dgto# vks qug sg quogrgj ikjsgfuor* Aojhecgjtg% sg ojboih he ieogjtg qug pugbg mhigr ehs prgfujths y skeoiothr ehs hiehrhiokjgs qug bgsgg thjtk burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth ikck he aojhe bg gsth*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks 4 gjtrgvosth ikj ge ieogjtg y ikj ktrhs pgrskjhs% iugstokjh# roks fgjgrhegs -iugstokjhrok hutkòkfrèaoik% eosthbk bg prkègchs% Kutikcg Xugstokjjhorg#27% Yycptkc Imgineost#?<#P/% k`sgrvhioùj burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth% bhtks bg hrimovk*

HJÈEOYOY BGE \PK@EGCH GJ EH HIRWHEOBHB Eks ahitkrgs qug togjg gj iugjth ge psoiùekfk ieãjoik he gvheuhr ge prkègch bg uj ieogjtg skj bg topk pgrskjhe -ikjbuiths cktkrhs% hitovobhbgs ikfjotovhs% rgspugsths hutùjkchs y rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs/ y hcògjthe -aãsoiks y skiohegs/* Rhcòïj skj ocpkrthjtgs gj cuimks ihsks ehs gx# pekrhiokjgs cïboihs rgheozhbhs pkr uj prkagsokjhe bg eh cgboiojh y borofobhs h bgtgithr eh pksoèg gxostgjioh bg gjagrcgbhbgs y vhrohègs òkeùfoihs rgehiokjhbhs ikj eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg*

Qhrohègs pgrskjhegs Bgjtrk bg ehs vhrohègs pgrskjhegs sg bostojfugj ehs ikjbuiths cktkrhs% ehs hitovobhbgs ikfjo# tovhs% ehs rgspugsths hutùjkchs y ehs rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs* #

Ehs ikjbuiths cktkrhs skj ge prkbuitk bg eh hiioùj bge sostgch cusiuekgsqugeïtoik g ojieu# ygj ek qug ge ieogjtg mhig k boig y ge jovge bge tkjk cusiuehr* Gdgcpeks4 ikcpuesokjgs% thrth# cubgk% gxprgsoùj bg kpojokjgs% pgtoioùj bg ihcòks% ikjthitk vosuhe% tkjk bg vkz% rgsporh# ioùj% tgjsoùj cusiuehr gegvhbh* Mh sobk usuhe ojieuor h gsths bks ôetochs gjtrg ehs rgspugsths aosokeùfoihs iuhjbk sg bostojfugj ôjoihcgjtg trgs sostgchs bg rgspugsth -cktkr% ikfjotovk% ao# sokeùfoik/* Yoj gc`hrfk% gsth ôetoch iehsoaoihioùj togjg ge ojikjvgjogjtg bg qug ehs ihtgfkrãhs jk skj gxieuygjtgs4 »Hihsk ek cktkr y ek ikfjotovk jk skj aosokeùfoiks;

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Ehs ikfjoiokjgs skj hikjtgiocogjtks ojtgrjks% ikjsiogjtgs k jk% qug ocpeoihj uj prkigsh# cogjtk bg eh ojakrchioùj h jovge bge sostgch jgrvoksk igjtrhe* Yg ojieuygj4 *

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Gsqugchs% gs bgior ge ckbk gj qug eh ojakrchioùj gs ojtgrjhcgjtg krfhjozhbh y rgprg# sgjthbh gj eh cgckroh* Gj ge èrgh ieãjoih sg mhèh bg supugstks y irggjiohs cès k cgjks fgjgrhegs y gsthègs higrih bg sã cosck% eks ktrks% ge cujbk y ge auturk qug bgtgrcojhj eh akrch bg vgr ehs ikshs> pkr gdgcpek% ―sky uj arhihshbk–% ―so ikcgtk uj grrkr% sofjoaoih qug sky uj ojgptk–* \rkigsks ikfjotovks* Yg ojieuygj eh pgrigpioùj% htgjioùj% cgckroh -rgtgjioùj% rgiupgrh# ioùj/% rhzkjhcogjtk g ojtgrprgthioùj* Eks supugstks y irggjiohs qug togjg ujh pgrskjh ah# ioeothj eh kiurrgjioh bg iogrtks sgsfks y grrkrgs gj ge prkigshcogjtk bg eh ojakrchioùj th# egs ikck htgjioùj sgegitovh -htgjbgr sùek h eks aheeks qug ujk ikcgtg/% cgckroh sgegitovh -rgikrbhr sùek ehs ikshs jgfhtovhs/% sk`rgfgjgrheozhioùj -ojtgrprgthr uj jk h ujh ioth ik# ck gvobgjioh bg qug jk sg tgjbrè ïxotk gj ioths pkstgrokrgs/ k pgjshcogjtk boiktùcoik - p*gd*% pgjshr qug eh fgjtg gs ùgjh k cheh/* \gjshcogjtks ikjirgtks qug hphrgigj gj sotuhiokjgs gspgiãaoihs gj akrch bg hutkvgr`h# eozhiokjgs k ocèfgjgs> pkr gdgcpek% "vky h tgjgr uj hthqug ihrbãhik"% "jk cgrgig eh pg# jh vovor" * Gstks pgjshcogjtks skj ge rgsuethbk bg eh ojtgrhiioùj bg eh ojakrchioùj pgrio#

\rkigsk # 1

òbh% eks prkigsks ikfjotovks y eks gsqugchs* #

Ehs rgspugsths hutùjkchs skj ge prkbuitk bg eh hiioùj bge sostgch jgrvoksk socpètoik y phrhsocpètoik y bge sostgch mkrckjhe* Gdgcpeks4 thquoihrboh% prgsoùj shjfuãjgh gegvhbh% su# bkrhioùj% skjrkdhcogjtk% `kih sgih% hitovobhb gegitrkbgrche% tgcpgrhturh ikrpkrhe% jèusghs% chrgks*

#

Ehs rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs sg rgaogrgj h eks sgjtocogjtks su`dgtovks bge ieogjtg* Gdgcpeks4 hjsogbhb% cogbk% trostgzh% gjahbk% rhòh% hegfrãh% pehigr% bgshsksogfk*

Gs mhòtuhe utoeozhr ge tïrcojk ikcpkrthcogjtk gj uj sgjtobk hcpeok bg akrch qug ojieuyh ehs ikjbuiths cktkrhs% ehs hitovobhbgs ikfjotovhs% ehs rgspugsths hutùjkchs y ehs rghiiokjgs gck# iokjhegs*

Qhrohègs hcògjthegs Ehs vhrohègs hcògjthegs pugbgj sgr aãsoihs y skiohegs*

AÃYOIHY

YKIOHEGY

#

Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg ujh ihrrgtgrh -p*gd*% # iurvhs% hcpeotub/ pugbgj ojiobor gj eh hj# sogbhb qug gxpgrocgjth ujh pgrskjh ikj cogbk h ikjbuior*

Eh hsujioùj pkr phrtg bg ktrks bg ehs rgs# pkjshòeobhbgs qug pkr su cogbk gvoth uj hfkrhaùòik ikjtroùyg h chjtgjgr ge cog# bk y eh gvothioùj*

#

Ge ruobk hcògjthe gegvhbk pugbg ahioeothr # qug ujh pgrskjh sg sogjth orrothbh*

Wj ikcgjthrok mkstoe pugbg ahioeothr ujh rghiioùj hfrgsovh*

#

Eh gstruiturh y bospksoioùj bg ujh sheh # hagith he jovge bg hjsogbhb bg ujh pgrskjh ikj cogbk h mhèhr gj pôèoik*

Ge ckbk gj qug eks phbrgs bhj ehs ojstrui# iokjgs h uj joøk pugbg ojiobor gj eh ikjbui# th bg bgsk`gbogjioh*

#

Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eks phsoeeks bge cgtrk # -eucojksobhb% hcpeotub% gti*/ pugbgj ojiobor gj eh hjsogbhb qug gxpgrocgjth ujh pgrskjh ikj hfkrhakòh*

Eh phsovobhb bg eh cudgr hjtg ge chetrhtk bg eks modks pkr phrtg bge chrobk ahvkrgig eh ikjtojuobhb bge chetrhtk*

Eks k`dgtovks h eh mkrh bg hjheozhr ge prkègch hituhe bg uj ieogjtg skj4 h/ Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr eks bostojtks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prkègch * \kr gdgcpek% ehs sgjshiokjgs hjsoùfgjhs% eks hthqugs bg pèjoik% ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs bg pgeofrk% ehs ikj# buiths bgagjsovhs -p*gd*% bostrhgrsg/ y eh gvothioùj bg ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs gj ge ihsk bg eh hfkrhakòh* `/ Gsthègigr ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg eks boagrgjtgs ikcpkjgjtgs bge prkègch * Hsã% iuhjbk uj hfkrhaùòik gxpgrocgjth iogrths sgjshiokjgs ikrpkrhegs gj ujh sotuhioùj bgtgrcojhbh% gs cès prk`hèg qug ehs ojtgrprgtg ikck sofjk bg pgeofrk -p*gd*% bgschyk% ojahrtk% hpkpeg# dãh/% ek iuhe ahioeoth qug hbkptg iogrths ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs -p*gd*% tkch bg cgboihioùj% gsihpg/ y qug gvotg harkjthr eh sotuhioùj gj kihsokjgs pkstgrokrgs* H su vgz% gsth gvothioùj hyubh h chjtgjgr eh hjsogbhb y ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs bg pgeofrk* i/ Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr ktrhs vhrohègs hcògjthegs k pgrskjhegs qug ikjtroùygj hituhecgjtg he chjtgjocogjtk bge prkègch * \kr gdgcpek% gj ge ihsk bg eh hfkrhakòh%

\rkigsk # 6

pugbgj ojaeuor ktrks ahitkrgs thegs ikck sotuhiokjgs bg ikjaeoitk ojtgrpgrskjhe% prkègchs eh`krhegs% rghiiokjgs bg eh ahcoeoh% `hdh eh`krhe% jovge fgjgrhe bg hitovhioùj y prgkiuph# ioùj fgjgrhe pkr eh sheub* b/ Gsthègigr ehs pksoègs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ehs vhrohègs qug ikjtroùygj h chjtgjgr ge prkègch hsã ikck gjtrg gsths y eks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prkègch * Ehs sotuhiokjgs bg ikjaeoitk ojtgrpgrskjhe y eks prkègchs eh`krhegs pugbgj hucgjthr ge jovge fgjgrhe bg hi# tovhioùj y ehs sgjshiokjgs hjsoùfgjhs% ehs iuhegs pugbgj ahioeothr uj hthqug bg pèjoik* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs rghiiokjgs sk`rgprktgitkrhs bg eh ahcoeoh y eh `hdh eh`krhe pugbgj ikjtro# ùor h chjtgjgr ehs ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj hfkrhaùòihs*

K`dgtovk 84 Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr eks bostojtks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prkègch* Mhy prkègchs ikck eh gjurgsos% ge ojskcjok% eh bosaujioùj grïitoe k eh hjkrfhscoh qug pug# bgj bgaojorsg gj tïrcojks bg ujh ikjbuith hosehbh4 krojhrsg gj eh ihch% jk pkbgr ikjioeohr ge sugøk% jk ikjsgfuor k chjtgjgr ujh grgiioùj k jk ekfrhr uj krfhsck* Ktrks prkègchs sg bgaojgj ikck uj sãjbrkcg k ikjdujtk bg ikjbuiths ojtgrrgehiokjhbhs y phrh geek gs argiugjtg tkchr ikck rgagrgjioh krogjthtovh eks irotgroks bohfjùstoiks bge BYC#OQ k eh IOG#8<* Mhy qug ikjsobgrhr jk sùek ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs pkr gxigsk -p*gd*% ojsuethr k pgfhr h ktrks/% sojk thcòïj hqugeehs pkr bgagitk -p*gd*% sgr pkik hsgrtovk% jk sh`gr gjtgjbgr ge pujtk bg vosth bge ktrk/* H ikjtojuhioùj% sg prgsgjthj bks gdgcpeks bg prkègchs bgaojobks ikck uj ikjdujtk bg ikjbuiths*

HFKPHAK@OH Ygjshiokjgs hjsoùfgjhs

Ojtgrprgthiokjgs jk hbhpthtovhs4 tgjgr uj hthqug ihrbãhik% pkjgrsg h frothr% gti*

Hthqugs bg pèjoik Gvothioùj sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs

Ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs

HJKPG]OH JGPQOKYH \gsk ojagrokr he =7' bge qug sgrãh bgsghèg

\rgkiuphioùj ojtgjsh pkr ge pgsk k eh aofurh

Pgstroiioùj heocgjthroh

Ikjbuiths ikcpgjshtkrohs -p*gd*% gdgrioiok/

\rkigsk # =

Gj bgaojotovh% sg trhth bg gsthègigr ek qug ge ieogjtg mhig% pogjsh y sogjtg % y bgtgrcojhr eh ocpkrthjioh bg ihbh ujk bg gstks hspgitks gj ge prkègch k prkègchs qug prgsgjth* \kr gdgcpek% eks gsqugchs ikfjotovks skj aujbhcgjthegs h eh mkrh bg bgaojor eks trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb% h boagrgjioh bg ek qug kiurrg gj eks trhstkrjks pkr tois* Iuhjbk mhy vhrohs pgrskjhs ocpeoihbhs -phrgdh% ahcoeoh/% gs prk`hèg qug ek qug sg prgsgjth ikck prkègch bg ujh sgh gj rgheobhb uj prkègch bg vhrohs* Gj gstg ihsk sg rgquogrg uj hiugrbk he rgspgitk hjtgs bg prksgfuor ikj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj* \ugbg bgsiu`rorsg thcòïj qug uj ieogjtg prgsgjth iogrtks prkègchs qug jk mh cgjiokjh# bk* \kr gdgcpek% uj phiogjtg pugbg ojboihr qug `g`g gj gxigsk% qug togjg ikjaeoitks chrothegs y qug sg gjiugjtrh ojshtosagimk gj ge trh`hdk% pgrk ge tgrhpguth ikcprug`h hbgcès qug thjtk su ikj# buith gj eh gjtrgvosth ikck eks ojakrcgs qug ge ieogjtg bh sk`rg sus ojtgrhiiokjgs gj ge trh`hdk y ikj su cudgr ojboihj uj iehrk bïaoiot bg ikjbuith hsgrtovh* Gstks jugvks prkègchs bg`gj sgr bos# iutobks ikj ge ieogjtg* Gj hefujks ihsks% jk cuy argiugjtgs% uj ieogjtg pugbg ikjsuethr pkr uj prkègch qug rghe# cgjtg jk ek gs * Hsã% ujh pgrskjh chykr pugbg qugdhrsg bg prkègchs bg sugøk pkrqug bugrcg sùek 7 mkrhs gj vgz bg ehs = qug irgg qug bg`g bkrcor% hujqug su sugøk sgh ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg rgphrhbkr* K ògj ujks phbrgs pugbgj ikjsuethr pkr eh gxigsovh mopgrhitovobhb bg su modk bg 2 høks% eh iuhe gstè% soj gc`hrfk% bgjtrk bg eh jkrch* Gj gsths sotuhiokjgs ge psoiùekfk ojtgjthrè qug eks ieogjtgs bgdgj bg pgrioòr eh sotuhioùj ikck prkègcètoih y eh higptgj*

K`dgtovk 04 Gsthègigr ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg eks boagrgjtgs ikcpkjgjtgs bge prkègch * Hbgcès bg obgjtoaoihr eks gegcgjtks iehvg bge prkègch bge ieogjtg gs jgigshrok bgtgrcojhr ehs rgehiokjgs qug gxostgj gjtrg geeks* Wjks pugbgj sgr hjtgigbgjtgs k ikjsgiugjiohs bg ktrks -vïhsg cès h`hdk/* \kr gdgcpek% iuhjbk ujh pgrskjh ikj trhstkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk iogrrh eh eehvg bge fhs% togjg pgjshcogjtks k`sgsovks -―»Ygfurk qug ek mg igrrhbk ògj; \kbrãh mh`gr ujh gxpeksoùj so jk ek ikcprug`k–/ qug eg ihushj hjsogbhb y eg ikjbuigj h rgheozhr ikcprk`hiokjgs ikcpuesovhs* Gsths prkbuigj uj heovok tgcpkrhe% pgrk ikjtroùygj h chjtgjgr eh hjsogbhb y eks pgjshcogjtks k`sgsovks*

\rkigsk # ?

RPHYRKPJK K@YGYOQK#IKC\WEYOQK Iogrrh eh eehvg bg phsk bge fhs \gjshcogjtks k`sgsovks4 ―»Ygfurk qug ek mg igrrhbk ògj; \kbrãh mh`gr ujh gxpeksoùj so jk ek ikcprug`k– HJYOGBHB

Ikcprk`hioùj ikcpuesovh

# #

IKPRK \EHTK4 Heovok hjsogbhb Pgbuiioùj k`sgsokjgs

CGBOK+EHPFK \EHTK4 # Chjtgjocogjtk hjsogbhb # Chjtgjocogjtk k`sgsokjgs

K`dgtovk 94 Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr ktrhs vhrohègs hcògjthegs k pgrskjhegs qug ikjtroù# ygj hituhecgjtg he chjtgjocogjtk bge prkègch* Ehs vhrohègs qug ojiobgj sk`rg uj ikcpkjgjtg bgtgrcojhbk bge prkègch ’yh sgh cktkr% ikfjotovk% hutùjkck k gckiokjhe’ pugbgj sgr hjtgigbgjtgs k ikjsgiugjiohs bge cosck k ògj ihrhitgrãstoihs gsthègs bg eh pgrskjh*

8

#

Eks hjtgigbgjtgs skj hqugeehs vhrohègs hcògjthegs y pgrskjhegs qug prgigbgj bg ujh akrch jk cuy egdhjh h eh ikjbuith bg ojtgrïs y qug gstèj aujiokjhecgjtg rgehiokjhbhs ikj gsth* Gs bgior% eh kiurrgjioh bg eks hjtgigbgjtgs ojaeuyg gj eh argiugjioh% burhioùj y+k ojtgjsobhb bg eh ikjbuith ikjsobgrhbh* \kr ktrh phrtg% ek mhòtuhe gs qug ujh ikjbuith tgjfh vhroks hjtgigbgjtgs y qug jk tkbks tgjfhj eh cosch ocpkrthjioh*

#

Ehs ikjsgiugjiohs skj hqugeehs vhrohègs hcògjthegs -prkvogjgj bge hcògjtg/ y pgrsk# jhegs -prkvogjgj bg eh pgrskjh/ qug sofugj h ujh ikjbuith y gstèj aujiokjhecgjtg rgeh# iokjhbhs ikj gsth* Gs bgior% skj rgsuethbk bg eh cosch g ojaeuygj gj su chjtgjocogjtk k gj eh vhrohioùj bg su argiugjioh% burhioùj y+k ojtgjsobhb* 8 Ek jkrche gs qug ujh ikjbuith tgjfh vhrohs ikjsgiugjiohs y qug jk tkbhs tgjfhj eh cosch ocpkrthjioh> hsã% ujh ikjsg# iugjioh -p*gd*% k`tgjgr eh hprk`hioùj bg eks ikcphøgrks pkr ùrehrsg bg hefuogj/ pugbg ikjtrhrrgsthr eh ojaeugjioh bg ktrh ikjsgiugjioh -p*gd*% sgr ihstofhbk pkr ge prkagskr/*

Yg mh bostojfuobk gjtrg ikjsgiugjiohs y rgpgriusokjgs * Gsths ôetochs skj thcòïj ge rgsuethbk bg ujh ikjbuith% pgrk jk hagithj h su kiurrgjioh*

\rkigsk # 8<

Yo ikjsobgrhcks eks htrhikjgs bg ujh pgrskjh ùeãcoih ikck eh ikjbuith prkègcètoih% hefu# jks hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjiohs bg eks coscks hphrgigj gj eh thèh sofuogjtg4

HJRGIGBGJRGY

IKJYGIWGJIOHY

Bosiusoùj ikj ujh pgrskjh heegfhbh* \rkègchs gj ge trh`hdk* Pgstroiioùj heocgjthroh* Chegsthr gckiokjhe*

Heovok tgcpkrhe bge chegsthr gckiokjhe* Ygjshioùj bg mojimhzùj h`bkcojhe* Cogbk h hucgjthr bg pgsk* Ygjtocogjtks bg iueph*

Ge mgimk bg qug ujh vhrohèg sg ikjsobgrg hjtgigbgjtg k ikjsgiugjioh bgpgjbg bge pujtk bg eh sgiugjioh qug sg tkcg ikck rgagrgjioh* \kr gdgcpek% ge cogbk h hucgjthr bg pgsk gs thjtk ujh ikjsgiugjioh bge htrhiùj ikck uj hjtgigbgjtg bg hefôj topk bg ikjbuith ikcpgjshtkroh -vùcotk% ehxhjtgs% bourïtoiks% gdgrioiok gxigsovk% hyujk/*

COGBK H HWCGJRHP BG \GYK

Pgbuiioùj bg eh ojfgsth

# # # # #

Ikjbuiths ikcpgjshtkrohs4 Qùcotks Ehxhjtgs Bourïtoiks Gdgrioiok gxigsovk Hyujk

Mhc`rg . gsthbk gckiokjhe jgfhtovk

HRPHIÙJ

Ehs vhrohègs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjtgs pugbgj sgr bg topk hcògjthe -aãsoihs k skiohegs/ k pgrskjhe -ikjbuiths cktkrhs% ikfjoiokjgs% rghiiokjgs hutùjkchs% rgspugsths gckiokjhegs/* Hjtgigbgjtg skiohe

Ikcgjthrok mkstoe Hjtgigbgjtg aãsoik

Rgcpgrhturh gegvhbh Hjtgigbgjtg ikfjotovk

Hjtoiophioùj bge arhih# sk bg eh rgehioùj sgxuhe

Ikjbuith cktkrh

Ojsuetk Ikjbuith gckiokjhe

Hjsogbhb Ikjbuith hutùjkch

Bosaujioùj grïitoe

Hjtgigbgjtg hutùjkck

Ikjbuith ikfjotovh

\kjgrsg rkdk gj ujh sotuhioùj skiohe

Irggr qug eks bgcès pgj# shrèj qug sg gs ojikcpgtgjtg

Ikjsgiugjioh gckiokjhe

Ygjtocogjtks bg iueph Ikjsgiugjioh ikfjotovh

Ojtgrprgthr qug sg vh h tgjgr uj hthqug bg pèjoik Ikjsgiugjioh skiohe

Ihrh bg bgigpioùj bg eh phrgdh Ikjsgiugjioh cktkrh

Gsihpg bg eh sotuhioùj

\rkigsk # 88

Eks hjtgigbgjtgs pugbgj sgr prùxocks k bosthjtgs * Wj hjtgigbgjtg prùxock phrh ge hthqug bg pèjoik pugbg sgr eh gxpgithtovh bg tgjgrek y uj hjtgigbgjtg bosthjtg% ujh bosiusoùj qug tuvk eufhr mhig ujhs mkrhs k ujks bãhs* Jk mhy qug ikjaujbor eks hjtgigbgjtgs bosthjtgs ikj ehs vhrohègs mostùroihs* Eh sk`rgprktgiioùj pkr phrtg bg eks phbrgs gj eh ojahjioh pugbg sgr uj ahitkr prgbospkjgjtg phrh eks trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% pgrk jk gs uj hjtgigbgjtg hituhe bg eh rgspugsth bg hjsogbhb* Bgjtrk bg eks hjtgigbgjtgs sg mh bostojfuobk thcòïj gjtrg ehs vhrohègs ikjtgxtuhegs y eks gstãcueks hjtgigbgjtgs* Gstks ôetocks ocpeoihj uj ihcòk cès k cgjks prùxock gj ge hcògjtg gxtgrjk k ojtgrjk% cogjtrhs qug ehs vhrohègs ikjtgxtuhegs mhigj rgagrgjioh h eks ikjtgxtks rgehto# vhcgjtg gsthègs gj eks qug sg prkbuigj eks gstãcueks hjtgigbgjtgs y qug hagithj h eh rgehioùj aujiokjhe qug gstks chjtogjgj ikj eh ikjbuith* Hsã% eh ikjbuith kpksoiokjosth bg uj joøk pugbg bgpgjbgr bg eh akrch gj qug bhj ehs ùrbgjgs sus phbrgs -gstãcuek hjtgigbgjtg/ y bge ikjtgxtk gspgiãaoik -prgsgjioh k jk bg eks mgrchjks/ y fgjgrhe -aheth bg hagitk ahcoeohr/ gj qug sg prkbuigj boimhs ùrbgjgs* Ehs ikjsgiugjiohs pugbgj sgr ojcgbohths k bgckrhbhs * \kr gdgcpek% uj joøk qug mh boimk ujh cgjtorh frhvg pugbg rgioòr uj ihstofk ikj chykr k cgjkr boehioùj sgfôj iuhjbk sg bgsiu`rh eh cgjtorh* Rkchr heikmke pugbg prkbuior pehigr% heovohr eh hjsogbhb y ahioeothr eh ikcujoihioùj% pgrk h ehrfk pehzk pugbg fgjgrhr ikjsgiugjiohs cuy boagrgjtgs4 bgpgjbgjioh% tkegrhjioh% iorrksos% ikjbuith hfrgsovh* Hbgcès bg ehs vhrohègs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjtgs% mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth ehs ihrhitgrãs# toihs psoikeùfoihs y òkeùfoihs gsthègs bg eh pgrskjh * Gjtrg gsths vhrohègs sg gjiugjtrhj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

\rkègchs krfèjoiks irùjoiks% ikjsuck mhòtuhe+hùsk+bgpgjbgjioh bg brkfhs y aèrch# iks*

#

Jovge fgjgrhe bg hitovhioùj% bïaoiots ojtgegituhegs% mhòeobhbgs skiohegs% sgjtobk bge muckr% ihphiobhb bg hjheozhr eks prkpoks prkègchs% gstrhtgfohs bg harkjthcogjtk% vhek# rgs% jkrchs y irggjiohs*

\ksoègs gdgcpeks bg irggjiohs skj4 ―jgigsotk ujh phrgdh phrh sgr ageoz–% ―so hefk jk gs pgragi# tk% jk gs ùgjk–% ―so hefuogj sg cugstrh gj bgshiugrbk ikjcofk% sofjoaoih qug jk eg fustk–% ―so ojtock bgchsohbk ikj hefuogj% cg ikjtrkehrè–* 0 Rhjtk ehs vhrohègs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjtgs ikck ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjhegs gsthègs pugbgj ikjtroùor h hfrhvhr k htgjuhr uj prkègch * \kr gdgcpek% ge ocphitk bg ehs sotuhiokjgs gstrgshjtgs sg vg pktgjiohbk k htgjuhbk sgfôj ge frhbk gj qug sg bospkjfh bg mhòeobhbgs bg rgsk# euioùj bg prkègchs y bg chjgdk bg gckiokjgs* Hsocosck% eh ikjbuith bgsk`gbogjtg bg uj joøk pugbg sgr pkik argiugjtg iuhjbk gstè ikj su phbrg ’ge iuhe bh ùrbgjgs bg akrch hchèg y ikmg# rgjtg y rgaugrzh su iucpeocogjtk’ y cuy argiugjtg gj prgsgjioh bg su chbrg ’eh iuhe eg hcgjhzh ikj ihstofks qug jk iucpeg*

K`dgtovk 24 Gsthègigr ehs pksoègs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ehs vhrohègs qug ikjtroùygj h chjtg# jgr ge prkègch hsã ikck gjtrg gsths y eks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prkègch * Bgspuïs bg obgjtoaoihr ehs vhrohègs qug ikjtroùygj hituhecgjtg h chjtgjgr ge prkègch% gs jgigshrok gsthègigr ehs rgehiokjgs qug gxostgj gjtrg boimhs vhrohègs% hsã ikck ehs qug gsths togjgj ikj eks bovgrsks ikcpkjgjtgs iehvg bge prkègch* Eh gjtrgvosth pgrcotg gcpgzhr h gxpekrhr bg

\rkigsk # 80

akrch tgjthtovh eh rgehioùj iuheothtovh qug gxostg gjtrg ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs y ehs vhrohègs qug ojaeuygj gj ehs coschs* \hrh geek% bg`g gsthègigrsg eh sgiugjioh tgcpkrhe mopktïtoih gjtrg geehs* \kr gdgcpek% vhroks hjtgigbgjtgs bosthjtgs -ihjshjiok% bosiusoùj ikj ge dgag/ ahioeothj dujtk ikj ktrk ahitkr pkstgrokr -tkch bg bks ihaïs/ eh hphroioùj bg ujh hitovhioùj aosokeùfoih -thquoihr# boh% tgcèkr/ qug susioth gxpgithtovhs bg pèjoik y bg ojahrtk% ehs iuhegs tgrcojhj pkr ojbuior uj hthqug bg pèjoik -pksoèg ikjbuith prkègcètoih/% ge iuhe pugbg or sgfuobk bge gsihpg bg eh sotuh# ioùj -p*gd*% bhr ujh gxiush gj ge trh`hdk phrh vkevgr h ihsh/*

Ihjshjiok . Bosiusoùj ikj ge dgag . 0 Ihaïs

Hitovhioùj aosokeùfoih4 # Rhquoihrboh # Rgcèkr

Gxpgithtovhs bg pèjoik y bg ojahrtk

HRHXWG BG \ÈJOIK

Gsihpg bg eh sotuhioùj Gj sãjtgsos% ek ocpkrthjtg h eh mkrh bg hjheozhr uj prkègch gs gspgioaoihr sus ikcpkjgjtgs y ehs vhrohègs qug ojaeuygj hituhecgjtg gj ge cosck% hsã ikck gsthègigr ehs rgehiokjgs qug gxostgj gjtrg tkbks geeks * Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs rgehiokjgs pugbgj sgr ujoborgiiokjhegs k rgiãprkihs* Frèaoik bg rgehioùj ujoborgiiokjhe

Rkrcgjth

Cogbk gj ujh pgrskjh ikj akòh h ehs tkrcgjths

Frèaoik bg rgehioùj rgiãprkih

Gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk

Ojhitovobhb aãsoih

\rkigsk # 89

Eh gxpekrhioùj bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg vhrohègs ojaeuygjtgs y ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs pugbg mhigrsg h uj jovge iuheothtovk y iuhjtothtovk* H jovge iuheothtovk `hsth ikj obgjtoaoihr ehs bostojths vhrohègs y ikjbuiths g or gsthègiogjbk eh sgiugjioh tgcpkrhe mopktïtoih gjtrg geehs* Wj gdgcpek gs ge qug sg hih`h bg prgsgjthr gj ge frèaoik hjtgrokr sk`rg ge hthqug bg pèjoik* Gs ikjvgjogjtg or krfhjozhjbk tkbh eh ojakrchioùj gj uj bohfrhch bg aeudk qug ojieuyh eks bostojtks hikjtgiocogj# tks y ikjbuiths y su krbgjhioùj tgcpkrhe h trhvïs bg aegimhs> bg gstg ckbk sg ahioeoth eh akrcueh# ioùj bg mopùtgsos* H jovge iuhjtothtovk sg ùsih gsthègigr phrh ihbh phr bg hikjtgiocogjtks -p*gd*% uj hjtgig# bgjtg y ujh ikjbuith/ so gxostg ikjtojfgjioh gjtrg geeks* \hrh geek mhy qug gsthègigr% pkr gdgcpek h trhvïs bg hutkrrgfostrks u k`sgrvhioùj% eh prk`hòeobhb bg qug sg bï eh ikjbuith -bkekr bg ih`g# zh% p*gd*/ bhbk qug kiurrh ge hjtgigbgjtg -bosiusoùj chrothe% p*gd*/ y eh prk`hòeobhb bg eh ikjbuith bhbk qug jk sg bï ge hjtgigbgjtg* 9 Yo gstks bks pkrigjthdgs k prk`hòeobhbgs skj boagrgjtgs% mhy ikjtojfgjioh> gs bgior% eh kiurrgjioh bg eh ikjbuith bgpgjbg bg eh kiurrgjioh bge hjtgigbgjtg* 2 \hrh k`tgjgr chykr ojakrchioùj pugbg ikjsuethrsg Cuøkz -8??9/* Bg tkbks ckbks% gs cuy ojarg# iugjtg gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih iktobohjh rgheozhr hjèeosos iuhjtothtovks prgiosks bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg hikjtgiocogjtks* Yoj gc`hrfk% pugbg sgr ôtoe h eh mkrh bg ikjtrhsthr mopùtgsos qug sg ikjsobgrhj ocpkrthjtgs% pgrk qug gstèj pkik iehrhs*

\huths fgjgrhegs qug ikjvogjg ikjsobgrhr he rgheozhr ge hjèeosos bge prkègch hituhe Yg ikcgjthrèj trgs topks bg phuths4 h/ Ikjirgthr eks tïrcojks fgjgrhegs k hcòfuks qug uto# eozh ge ieogjtg* `/ Mhigr ujh procgrh iuhjtoaoihioùj bg ehs vhrohègs rgegvhjtgs* i/ Gcpeghr gstrh# tgfohs hbgiuhbhs phrh obgjtoaoihr hjtgigbgjtgs% ikjsgiugjiohs y vhrohègs pgrskjhegs gsthègs* h/ Ikjirgthr eks tïrcojks fgjgrhegs k hcòfuks qug utoeozh ge ieogjtg * Gs argiugjtg qug eks ieogjtgs bgsiro`hj sus prkègchs bg akrch fek`he g ocprgiosh* \kr ek thjtk% mhy qug pgboregs qug pkjfhj gdgcpeks bg sus prkègchs% qug eks bgsikcpkjfhj gj ikj# buiths ikjirgths y qug gspgioaoqugj iehrhcgjtg ek qug quogrgj bgior iuhjbk gcpeghj tïrcojks fgjgrhegs k hcòfuks -p*gd*% hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj% bgpgjbogjtg% phsovk% cg sogjtk che% gti*/* Hsã% pksoègs rgagrgjtgs ikjbuituhegs bg gsthr bgprocobk pugbgj sgr sheor pkik bg ihsh% eekrhr cuimk% tgjgr ojskcjok% pgjshr gj ckrorsg% ihjshrsg gjsgfuobh% jk sgjtor oeusoùj pkr ikshs qug hjtgs fus# th`hj% gti* Wjh ùgjh tèitoih phrh hyubhr h ikjirgthr y k`tgjgr bhtks cès aohègs gs prgfujthr he ieogjtg pkr eh ôetoch vgz qug tuvk ge prkègch qug sg gstè gxpekrhjbk% sg gjikjtrù che% kiurroù uj ojio# bgjtg% gti* Eugfk% gs jgigshrok vgr mhsth quï pujtk ek suigbobk gsh vgz gs rgprgsgjthtovk bg ek kiurrobk ktrhs vgigs y% so jk ek gs% hjheozhr ehs boagrgjiohs* `/ Mhigr ujh procgrh iuhjtoaoihioùj bg ehs vhrohègs rgegvhjtgs * Gs rgikcgjbhèg gsthègigr ujh procgrh iuhjtoaoihioùj krogjthtovh bg ehs ikjbuiths prkèg# cètoihs y bg ehs vhrohègs rgegvhjtgs cès ocpkrthjtgs* Eh iuhjtoaoihioùj bg ehs ikjbuiths sùek pkbrè mhigrsg bg ckbk hprkxochbk pkr cgbok bg eh gjtrgvosth % gxigpioùj mgimh bg ehs iheoao# ihiokjgs* Wjh chykr prgiosoùj rgquogrg ge gcpegk bg ktrks cïtkbks thegs ikck eks iugstokjhroks% eh k`sgrvhioùj% ge hutkrrgfostrk% y eks rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks* Gjtrg eks phrècgtrks qug sg k`# togjgj ikj cès argiugjioh sg gjiugjtrhj eks sofuogjtgs4 #

Argiugjioh4 jôcgrk bg vgigs pkr bãh% sgchjh% cgs*

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Burhioùj4 togcpk qug burh ujh ikjbuith*

\rkigsk # 82

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Ojtgjsobhb4 Yhevk qug sg gcpeggj rgfostrks hutkchtozhbks -p*gd*% gj eh cgboioùj bg rgs# pugsths hutùjkchs/% sugegj utoeozhrsg gsihehs su`dgtovhs thegs ikck ehs ujobhbgs su`dgto# vhs bg hjsogbhb -WYHs/ bg < h 8<<*

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Ehtgjioh4 togcpk qug thrbh gj hphrgigr ujh ikjbuith k gsthbk -p*gd*% sugøk% rgspugsth vgr`he/ bgsbg qug sg prkbuig eh sotuhioùj gstocuehr ikrrgspkjbogjtg*

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\rkpkrioùj bg vgigs qug hphrgig eh ikjbuith bg ojtgrïs* Hsã% pugbg iheiuehrsg ge pkrigj# thdg bg ùrbgjgs qug uj joøk iucpeg% ge pkrigjthdg bg vgigs qug ujh pgrskjh ikj akòh sk# iohe sg htrgvg h mhigr ujh rgiehchioùj k ge pkrigjthdg bg ojtgrvheks bg k`sgrvhioùj gj qug ujh pgrskjh rgimojh eks bogjtgs*

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Iheoaoihiokjgs gj gsihehs bg topk Eongrt sk`rg ge frhbk bg kiurrgjioh% burhioùj% ojtgjso# bhb% hbgiuhioùj bg bovgrsks hspgitks k ikjbuiths bg ojtgrïs% k cgbobh gj qug gstks skj ihrhitgrãstoiks bg ujk cosck* Eks pksoègs hspgitks k ikjbuiths h vhekrhr pugbgj sgr cès k cgjks gspgiãaoiks4 hjsogbhb% hfrgsovobhb% mhòeobhb skiohe% corhbh% gjtkjhioùj% mhigr ujh rgiehchioùj% eekrhr% ikcprk`hr ikshs% gti*

Hsã% gj ge ihsk bg uj ieogjtg qug prgsgjth k`sgsokjgs bg suiogbhb y ikcpuesokjgs bg ehvhbk % pkbrãhj k`tgjgrsg burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth bhtks iuhjtothtovks hprkxochbks ikck eks sofuogjtgs4 # # # # # # # # # # #

Burhioùj bge pgjshcogjtk k`sgsovk ihbh vgz qug kiurrg* Rogcpk tkthe bohrok qug burhj ehs k`sgsokjgs -k argiugjioh bg ehs coschs% so skj cuy `rgvgs/* Jovge bg chegsthr% hjsogbhb k bosfustk prkbuiobk pkr ehs k`sgsokjgs* Frhbk gj qug sg gsaugrzh ge ieogjtg gj bgtgjgr ehs k`sgsokjgs* Frhbk gj qug pugbgj ikjtrkehrsg ehs k`sgsokjgs* Burhioùj bg ihbh ikcpuesoùj* Rogcpk tkthe bohrok qug burhj ehs ikcpuesokjgs -k argiugjioh bg ehs coschs% so skj cuy `rgvgs/* Jovge bg chegsthr ihsk bg jk pkbgr rgheozhr eh ikcpuesoùj* Frhbk gj qug ge ieogjtg sg rgsostg h eh rgheozhioùj bg eh ikcpuesoùj* Frhbk gj qug sg ikjsofug ikjtrkehr eh ikcpuesoùj* Frhbk gj qug sg gvothj bovgrshs hitovobhbgs bgòbk h eh k`sgsoùj bg suiogbhb*

Ge jovge k ge frhbk sg gvheuhrãhj cgbohjtg gsihehs topk Eongrt* Gsths gsihehs pugbgj vhrohr gj ge ojtgrvhek bg pujtuhioùj qug utoeozhj -8 h 2% 8 h 7% < h =% < h 8<<% gti*/* \kr gdgcpek% ge jovge bg chegsthr pkbrãh iheoaoihrsg sgfôj eh sofuogjtg gsiheh4 8 -jojfujk/% 0 -pkik/% 9 -ckbgrhbk/% 2 -`hs# thjtg/ y 7 -cèxock/* Yo gsths cgbobhs sg tkchj bg akrch rgpgtobh hjtgs bge trhthcogjtk akrche% k`tgjbrgcks ujh eãjgh `hsg bg eh+s ikjbuith+s prkègcètoih+s qug jks ojakrch bge jovge y vhrohòeobhb bg eh ikj# buith gstubohbh y jks prkpkriokjh uj tïrcojk bg ikcphrhioùj phrh gvheuhr eh pksoèg gaoihioh bge trhthcogjtk pkstgrokr* Rhcòïj pgrcotg bgtgithr pksoègs ihcòks sostgcètoiks bg eh ikjbuith prgvoks he trhthcogjtk> bg sgr hsã% mh`rãh qug ojvgstofhr ehs ihushs bg eks coscks* i/ Gcpeghr gstrhtgfohs hbgiuhbhs phrh obgjtoaoihr hjtgigbgjtgs% ikjsgiugjiohs y vh# rohègs pgrskjhegs gsthègs* Wjh prgfujth fgjgrhe qug pugbg utoeozhrsg phrh ojoiohr eh gxpekrhioùj bg pksoègs hjtgigbgj# tgs% ikjsgiugjiohs y vhrohègs pgrskjhegs gsthègs gs pgbor he ieogjtg qug jks bofh h quï htroùyg qug su prkègch sg chjtgjfh*

\rkigsk # 87

\hrh obgjtoaoihr eks hjtgigbgjtgs mhy qug gsthègigr ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs -eufhr% ckcgjtk% pgrskjhs prgsgjtgs/ bg eh sotuhioùj k sotuhiokjgs gj qug kiurrgj k jk kiurrgj ehs ikjbuiths prk# ègcètoihs y prgfujthr he ieogjtg4 #

Xuï ikshs phshj gj ge bãh gj qug hphrgig eh ikjbuith prkègcètoih k gj eks bãhs hjtgrok# rgs% so gsg bãh k bãhs gstè prgkiuphbk pkr hefk k sg jkth hitovhbk k hetgrhbk gckiokjhe# cgjtg% quï pogjsh% sogjtg y mhig dustk hjtgs bg qug kiurrh k jk eh ikjbuith prkègcètoih% quï irgg qug phshrãh ihsk bg rgheozhr k jk eh ikjbuith*

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Xuï mhigj k boigj hjtgs ehs pgrskjhs prgsgjtgs% quï eg ckegsth bg eh sotuhioùj% quï ior# iujsthjiohs k ahitkrgs mhigj cès prk`hèg qug ehs ikjbuiths ikjsobgrhbhs hucgjtgj% boscojuyhj k bgshphrgzihj gti*

Rhcòïj pugbg prkigbgrsg he rgvïs4 phrtor bg eh ikjbuith prkègcètoih y hjheozhr sgiugjiohe# cgjtg mhioh htrès eh ihbgjh bg vhrohègs hcògjthegs y pgrskjhegs qug fgjgrhrkj eh ikjbuith* Gs pksoèg qug ikj ehs gstrhtgfohs hjtgrokrgs `hshbh gj prgfujths cès hògrths eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh sgh ojsuaoiogjtg* Gj gstg ihsk% pugbg utoeozhrsg ujh gstrhtgfoh bg rgikjkiocogjtk mhiogjbk prgfujths gspgiãaoihs bgrovhbhs bg ikjkiocogjtks tgùroiks y gcpãroiks sk`rg ge prkèg# ch k bg mopùtgsos akrcuehbhs trhs gsiuimhr eh ojakrchioùj qug prkpkriokjh ge ieogjtg* \kr gdgc# pek% pkbrãh prgfujthrsg4 "»Jkth hefujh vhrohioùj gj su bkekr bg gsphebh iuhjbk mh bosiutobk ikj su iùjyufg;> »y iuhjbk togjg qug prgsgjthr ojakrcgs ocpkrthjtgs gj ge trh`hdk;> »y iuhjbk gs irotoihbk pkr sus hcofks;"* Jk mhy qug prgfujthr "»hucgjth su bkekr iuhjbk***;"% yh qug gstk rgprgsgjth uj sgsfk* \hrh obgjtoaoihr ehs ikjsgiugjiohs pugbg prgfujthrsg he ieogjtg quï phsh bgspuïs bg eh ikj# buith bg ojtgrïs% quï pogjsh y sogjtg% quï mhig y bgdh bg mhigr% iùck rghiiokjhj ktrhs pgrskjhs% gti* Mhy qug ojbhfhr iùck hagith ge prkègch he ieogjtg k h ktrhs pgrskjhs gj bovgrshs èrghs4 trh# `hdk+gstuboks% rgehioùj bg phrgdh% vobh ahcoeohr% hcosthbgs% vobh skiohe% chjgdk bg eh ihsh% kiok% gikjkcãh y sheub* Rhcòïj pugbg gcpeghrsg gj ujh sgfujbh gthph eh gstrhtgfoh bg rgikjkiocogj# tk cgjiokjhbh phrh eks hjtgigbgjtgs* Hsocosck% ikjvogjg gsthr htgjtks h pksoègs `gjgaoioks bge prkègch% gs bgior ikjsgiugjiohs pksotovhs qug sg bgrovhj bge cosck k ikjsgiugjiohs jgfhtovhs qug sg sgfuorãhj so ge prkègch sg skeuiokjhrh -p*gd*% pgrbgr eh bgboihioùj bg iogrths pgrskjhs k ujh hsofjhioùj gikjùcoih/* Yo sg ikjsobgrh jgigshrok% pugbg prgfujthrsg hefk hsã ikck4 »\ugbg pgjshr gj hefk jgfhtovk qug pkbrãh suigbgr ihsk bg qug su prkègch sg skeuiokjhrh; Hbgcès bg eks hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjiohs% mhy qug gxpekrhr ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjh# egs gsthègs qug pugbgj cgbohr eh ikjbuith prkègch* Eh gxpekrhioùj pugbg mhigrsg cgbohjtg prgfujths sk`rg ikjbuiths ikjirgths qug rgaegdhj boimhs ihrhitgrãstoihs% ojakrcgs bg ktrhs pgrsk# jhs% k`sgrvhioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bge ieogjtg% hutkrrgfostrks y iugstokjhroks*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks gj ge hjèeosos bge prkègch hituhe 4 gjtrgvosth ikj ge ieogjtg y ikj ktrhs pgrskjhs% iugstokjhroks gspgiãaoiks sk`rg eks prkègchs bg ojtgrïs% k`sgrvhioùj burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth y hutkrrgfostrk* Ikj cgjkr argiugjioh sg gcpeghj eh k`sgrvhioùj y eks rgfos# trks psoikaosokeùfoiks* Rhcòïj gs hikjsgdhèg gcpeghr iugstokjhroks sk`rg eh ojtgragrgjioh qug prkbuigj gj eh vobh bge phiogjtg eks prkègchs gvheuhbks*

\rkigsk # 81

MOYRKPOH BGE \PK@EGCH Yg rgikcogjbh% gj fgjgrhe% gxpekrhr eks krãfgjgs bge prkègch bgspuïs bg mh`gr hjheozhbk eh sotuhioùj hituhe% gxigptk iuhjbk ge ieogjtg gstï cuy prgkiuphbk k ojtgrgshbk pkr ehs ihushs procgrhs y ge bgshrrkeek bg su prkègch* Hujqug eh mostkroh bg uj prkègch gs boaãioecgjtg rg# ikjstruoèg% pugbg sgr bg frhj hyubh phrh ikcprgjbgr ge prkègch hituhe* Hbgcès% ge ieogjtg pugbg tgjgr ujh sgrog bg irggjiohs ojhbgiuhbhs sk`rg ge krofgj bg su prkègch qug gs cuy ôtoe ckboaoihr h trhvïs bg hefujh gxpeoihioùj hetgrjhtovh* Mhy qug prgfujthr pkr eks sofuogjtgs hspgitks4 #

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Ckcgjtk gj qug hphrgiogrkj pkr procgrh vgz eks sãjtkchs ojakrchbks pkr ge ieogj# tg -bgtheehr/* \ugbg prgfujthrsg thcòïj pkr ge krbgj gj qug hphrgiogrkj bostojths ikjbui# ths prkègcètoihs -p*gd*% hthqugs bg pèjoik% ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj hfkrhaùòih/* Ckcgjtk gj qug eks sãjtkchs eegfhrkj h sgr uj prkègch bgòbk h qug ihushrkj ujh ojtgragrgjioh sofjoaoihtovh gj eh vobh k uj frhj chegsthr* Ihushs h ehs qug ge ieogjtg htroùyg ge krofgj bg su prkègch % so gsth`h phshjbk pkr hefôj topk bg gstrïs gj gsg ckcgjtk y ikshs qug phshrkj gj su vobh gj gsg togcpk* Ahitkrgs hskiohbks ikj ge ojoiok bge prkègch yh sgh ikck prgbospkjgjtgs -ihrhitgrãsto# ihs òkeùfoihs% jovge skiokiueturhe y gikjùcoik% rgpgrtkroks bg ikjbuith/ k ikck prgiopo# thjtgs -gvgjtks gstrgshjtgs ocpkrthjtgs% hiucuehioùj bg gvgjtks gstrgshjtgs cgjkrgs% gx# pgrogjiohs trhucètoihs/* Cgdkrhs% rgcosokjgs% rgihãbhs y gcpgkrhcogjtks mhòbks% y ahitkrgs hskiohbks h ujhs y ktrks*

Jk mhy qug ikjaujbor eks eehchbks hjtgigbgjtgs mostùroiks% eks iuhegs ojaeuygrkj gj ge sur# focogjtk u krofgj bge prkègch% ikj eks hjtgigbgjtgs hituhegs% eks iuhegs ikjtroùygj h qug ge prkègch k hefujk bg sus ikcpkjgjtgs sg chjtgjfhj* Yoj gc`hrfk% hujqug eks ahitkrgs hskioh# bks ikj ge ojoiok y bgshrrkeek bg uj prkègch jk togjgj pkr quï sgr eks coscks qug eks qug ek chjtogjgj gj ge ckcgjtk hituhe% hefujks bg eks procgrks pugbgj sgfuor ikck vhrohègs qug ikj# troùygj h chjtgjgr ge prkègch* Hsã% vhrohègs ikck eh susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb -ujh ihrhi# tgrãstoih bg pgrskjheobhb4 cogbk h eks sãjtkchs bg eh hjsogbhb `hshbk gj irggjiohs bg qug gstks sãjtkchs togjgj ikjsgiugjiohs jkiovhs/% ge gstrïs eh`krhe y ge ikjsuck bg ikihãjh pubogrkj ojaeuor gj eh hphroioùj bg eks hthqugs bg pèjoik bg ujh pgrskjh* Gstks hthqugs pugbgj chjtgjgrsg pkstg# rokrcgjtg frhiohs h ehs bks procgrhs vhrohègs gj ikjdujioùj ikj ktrhs thegs ikck ge cogbk h qug sg rgpothj y eh mopgrvofoehjioh bg ehs sgjshiokjgs tgcobhs*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks 4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% iugstokjh# roks hutkòkfrèaoiks% ojakrcgs bg ktrks prkagsokjhegs qug trhthrkj ikj ge ieogjtg% bhtks prgvohcgj# tg rgikfobks -bohroks pgrskjhegs% iheoaoihiokjgs hihbïcoihs/*

RPHRHCOGJRKY \PGQOKY _ HIRWHEGY BGE \PK@EGCH GQHEWHBK Eh gvheuhioùj bg eks trhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs sgfuobks pkr ge ieogjtg pgrcotg k`tgjgr ojakrchioùj sk`rg ge frhbk bg gaoihioh bg eks coscks% htroùiokjgs sk`rg eks rgsuethbks mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg% gxpgithtovhs fgjgrhbhs gj ge ieogjtg sk`rg eh pksoòeobhb bg skeuiokjhr su prkègch% gxpeoihiokjgs qug ktrks prkagsokjhegs eg mhj bhbk sk`rg su prkègch y cktovhioùj phrh sgfuor ojtgjthjbk rgskevgr ge prkègch* Rkbk gstk gs ôtoe phrh pehjoaoihr ge trhthcogjtk y gvothr pkso# ègs ojtgragrgjiohs* \kr gdgcpek% so ge ieogjtg muògrh rgioòbk ujh tgrhpoh rgehtovhcgjtg socoehr h eh qug ge psoiùekfk pogjsh pehjtghr% gstg bospkjbrãh bg eh ojakrchioùj jgigshroh phrh4 h/ sgegiiok# jhr ujh ojtgrvgjioùj boagrgjtg k `/ kargigr hrfucgjtks qug dustoaoqugj eh hpeoihioùj bg uj trhth# cogjtk phrgiobk> pkr gdgcpek% pkbrãh sgøhehr ehs boagrgjiohs gjtrg hc`hs ojtgrvgjiokjgs% ehs rhzk#

\rkigsk # 86

jgs pkr ehs qug aheeù ge trhthcogjtk hjtgrokr% gti* Yugegj gxpekrhrsg eks sofuogjtgs hspgitks4 #

Rrhthcogjtks sgfuobks prgvohcgjtg phrh ge prkègch4 h/ Gspgioheosths vosothbks ikj hjtgrokrobhb* \hrh ihbh gspgioheosth sg ojtgjth hvgrofuhr agimh bg ikjsueth% bohfjùstoik% gxpeoihioùj sk`rg ge prkègch% trhthcogjtk hpeoih# bk% burhioùj y rgsuethbks bg gstg% hspgitks bge trhthcogjtk qug ge ieogjtg ikjsobgrù gspgiohecgjtg ôtoegs y pkik ôtoegs% gj quï cgbobh iucpeoù ge ieogjtg ikj ge trhth# cogjtk y so ek h`hjbkjù% quï eg mozk bgdhrek* `/ Ktrks cgboks gcpeghbks prgvohcgjtg4 pkr sã cosck% jhturosths% iurhjbgrks% ahco# eohrgs% hcofks* i/ H quï sg htroùyg eh aheth bg rgsuethbks k eh rgihãbh gj eks ojtgjtks bg skeuiokjhr ge prkègch*

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Ktrks trhthcogjtks qug sg gstèj sofuogjbk hituhecgjtg phrh ge prkègch* Yg ojbhfhj hspgitks socoehrgs h eks yh ikcgjthbks he mhèhr bg eks trhthcogjtks prgvoks* Yo ge phiogj# tg gstè sogjbk trhthbk socuetèjghcgjtg pkr ktrk psoiùekfk% ge tgrhpguth bg`g bgiobor so higpth k jk ge ihsk* Yo pugbg mh`gr ojtgragrgjiohs gjtrg hc`ks topks bg trhthcogjtk% bg`g ikcujoièrsgek he phiogjtg phrh qug geodh ge prkagsokjhe qug bgsgg> pkr thjtk% sg jgfhrè h socuethjghr eks bks topks bg trhthcogjtk*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks 4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% ojakrcgs bg ktrks prkagsokjhegs qug trhthrkj he ieogjtg*

CKROQHIOÙJ% K@DGROQKY _ G]\GIRHROQHY Yg pugbgj h`krbhr eks sofuogjtgs hspgitks bg eks qug jk sg bospkjfh mhsth ge ckcgjtk bg eh suaoiogjtg ojakrchioùj4 #

Bg quoïj mh sobk eh ojoiohtovh bg vgjor h ikjsueth% »bge ieogjtg k bg ktrhs pgrskjhs; Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% sg hvgrofuh h quoïj pgrtur`h ge prkègch -»he ieogjtg% h ktrh+s pgrsk# jh+s k h hc`ks;/% gj quï frhbk y pkr quï* Rhcòïj gs ocpkrthjtg mh`grsg mgimk yh ujh obgh sk`rg quoïj togjg ge prkègch> gstg pugbg jk sgr sùek bge ieogjtg qug vogjg k bge ieogjtg he qug sg trhg% sojk qug pugbg sgr uj prkègch bg phrgdh% ahcoeohr% gti*

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Xuï mh eegvhbk he ieogjtg h vgjor gj ge ckcgjtk hituhe y jk hjtgs * Eh gxpekrhioùj bg eks ahitkrgs bgsgjihbgjhjtgs bg eh `ôsqugbh bg hyubh ahioeoth ge bgsiu`rocogjtk bg ehs rh# zkjgs k prgkiuphiokjgs ojcgbohths bge ieogjtg phrh vgjor h ikjsueth* Yo gsths prgkiuph# iokjgs jk sg togjgj gj iugjth% pugbg prkbuiorsg uj h`hjbkjk bg eh tgrhpoh*

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Iheoaoihioùj -bg < h 8
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Xuï gspgrh ikjsgfuor ge ieogjtg ikj ge trhthcogjtk y% so ekfrhbk gstk% pogjsh qug su prkègch mh`rè bgshphrgiobk* Yg trhth hquã bg k`tgjgr ujks k`dgtovks fgjgrhegs rgheosths qug% gj ujh ahsg pkstgrokr bge prkigsk bg ojtgrvgjioùj% sgrèj trhbuiobks h k`dgtovks gspg# iãaoiks* Wj ùgj gdgcpek bg k`dgtovk fgjgrhe rgheosth sgrãh tgjgr cès rgehiokjgs skiohegs> uj che gdgcpek sgrãh eegfhr h sgr ageoz* \ksoègs ihtgfkrãhs bg k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks qug pugbgj pgrsgfuorsg skj4 rgbuior sãjtkchs% cgdkrhr ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs% hucgj# thr eh hutkgstoch y ikjaohjzh gj sã cosck% chjgdhr k higpthr cgdkr ujh sotuhioùj k prk#

\rkigsk # 8=

ègch phrtoiuehr y iehroaoihr iugstokjgs rgehiokjhbhs ikj ujh sotuhioùj phshbh% prgsgjtg k prùxoch -Nhzboj% 8???/* #

Gj quï frhbk ikjaãh ge phiogjtg gj ikjsgfuor gstks k`dgtovks -gxpgithtovhs bg cgdkrh/*

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\ksoègs obghs qug togjg ge ieogjtg sk`rg ge topk bg trhthcogjtk qug sg sugeg hpeoihr* Hujqug cuimks ieogjtgs bgsikjkigj ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs hpeoihbhs% ktrks pksggj ojakrch# ioùj gxtrhãbh bg ikjkiobks% ojtgrjgt% cgboks bg ikcujoihioùj% pgeãiuehs% gti* Iuhjbk mhyh ujh frhj bovgrfgjioh gjtrg ek qug ge ieogjtg gspgrh y ge trhthcogjtk h hpeoihr% ikj# vogjg ojakrchr gj eãjghs fgjgrhegs bg eh tgrhpoh y dustoaoihr su utoeobhb* Yoj gc`hrfk% so ge ieogjtg bgsgh ktrk topk bg tgrhpoh% sg eg bg`g bgrovhr he prkagsokjhe hbgiuhbk*

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Gxostgjioh bg prkègchs socoehrgs prgvoks k hituhegs gj ahcoeohrgs y hcofks% trhth# cogjtks qug rgioògrkj y rgsuethbks ekfrhbks*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks 4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs*

PGIWPYKY _ EOCORHIOKJGY Yg pugbg prgfujthr pkr4 #

Kpojoùj bg ehs pgrskjhs heegfhbhs rgspgitk h quï sg sofh uj trhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik y quoïjgs gstèj bospugsths h ikeh`krhr * Yg gxpekrh thcòïj so hefujh pgrskjh pkbrãh oj# tgragror gj eh chrimh bge trhthcogjtk*

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Pgiursks bge ieogjtg qug pugbgj sgr ôtoegs phrh rgskevgr ge prkègch -ikjsthjioh% gstrhtg# fohs bg harkjthcogjtk% sh`gr vgr ehs ikshs bg akrch rgheosth% ikjaohjzh gj eh prkpohs ihph# iobhbgs% gti*/* Ktrks hspgitks pksotovks qug ge ieogjtg irgg qug togjg k qug eks bgcès irggj qug togjg*

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Eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg qug pkbrãhj trh`hdhr gj ikjtrh bg eh skeuioùj bge prkègch -sh# eub arèfoe% ojikjsthjioh% ojmhòeobhb skiohe% ihphiobhb ojtgegituhe `hdh% côetopegs kèofh# iokjgs% aheth bg rgiursks gikjùcoiks% gti*/* Ktrhs eocothiokjgs qug ge ieogjtg irgg qug tog# jg k qug eks bgcès irggj qug togjg*

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Boaoiuethbgs u k`stèiueks hjtoiophbks -prkpoks k pkr phrtg bg ktrks/ gj eh rgskeuioùj bge prkègch*

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Irggjiohs bg qug ge ojtgjtk bg rgskevgr su prkègch k eh skeuioùj bge cosck pugbg oj# tgragror gj sus rgehiokjgs ikj eks bgcès -phrgdh% ahcoeoh% hcofks% ikjkiobks% ikcphøg# rks bg trh`hdk/% irghreg boaoiuethbgs pgrskjhegs k mhigreg pgrbgr iogrths vgjthdhs*

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Rogcpk eo`rg bospkjoèg*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks 4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h ktrhs pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% iugs# tokjhroks*

RPHYRKPJKY \YOIKEÙFOIKY HJRGPOKPGY

HYKIOHBKY

_

RPHYRKPJKY

Iuhjbk% h phrtor bg eh ojakrchioùj prkpkriokjhbh% sg skspgimh qug ge ieogjtg pugbh tgjgr

\rkigsk # 8?

hefôj ktrk trhstkrjk% mh`rè qug gxpekrhr so gstk gs iogrtk k jk* \kr ktrh phrtg% bhbk ge hetk frhbk bg ikckròeobhb gjtrg bgtgrcojhbks prkègchs -p*gd*% gjtrg trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% hagitovks y bg hùsk bg susthjiohs/% pugbg ojbhfhrsg% so sg bgsgh% eh prgsgjioh bg ktrks trhstkrjks qug sg sh`g qug gs prk`hèg qug vhyhj hskiohbks ikj ge prkègch gvheuhbk y qug jk mhj sobk bgtgithbks mhsth ge ckcgjtk* Yoj gc`hrfk% gstk ojirgcgjth jkthègcgjtg ge togcpk bg eh gjtrgvosth y% gj fgjgrhe% pugbg qug eh rgehioùj ikstg+`gjgaoiok jk sgh shtosahitkroh* Gs bgior% prk`hègcgjtg jk sgh jgigsh# rok gvheuhr rutojhrohcgjtg eks trhstkrjks qug mopktïtoihcgjtg ge ieogjtg pugbh tgjgr% h jk sgr qug ge tgrhpguth tgjfh ojboioks qug ek dustoaoqugj* Ktrh pksoòeobhb phrh bgtgithr trhstkrjks hskiohbks gs utoeozhr ge Iugstokjhrok bg Iro`hbk Bohfjùstoik \soquoètroik -\syimohtroi Bohfjkstoi Yirggjojf Xugstokjjhorg/ bg Toccgrchj y Chttoh -0<<8/% ge iuhe togjg 807 ãtgcs y prkpkriokjh ojakrchioùj bohfjùstoih sk`rg 87 trhstkrjks argiugjtgs bge BYC#OQ hfruphbks gj sgos ihtgfkrãhs4 trhstkrjks bg heocgjthioùj -ùeo# coh+trhstkrjk pkr htrhiùj/% trhstkrjks hagitovks -bgprgsoùj chykr% bostocoh% chjãh+mopkchjãh/% trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb -trhstkrjk bg pèjoik% hfkrhakòh% trhstkrjk pkr gstrïs pkstrhucètoik% trhs# tkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk% trhstkrjk bg hjsogbhb fgjgrheozhbh% akòh skiohe/% hùsk+bgpgjbgjioh bg susthjiohs -heikmke% brkfhs/% trhstkrjks skchtkakrcgs -trhstkrjk bg skchtozhioùj g mopkikj# brãh/ y psoiksos* Wj cgbok ikcpegcgjthrok phrh bgsiu`ror ktrks pksoègs trhstkrjks hituhegs ikjsostg gj prg# fujthr he ieogjtg so% hphrtg bg ehs cgboihiokjgs qug pugbh gsthr tkchjbk phrh su prkègch% gstè tkchjbk ktrks aèrchiks phrh eh hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj% ojskcjok k iuhequogr topk bg prkègch gckiokjhe* Yo gs hsã% sg prgfujth iuèegs skj% bksos% bgsbg iuèjbk ehs tkch% cktovk y gagitks ikj# sgfuobks* Aojhecgjtg% ikjvogjg gxpekrhr eh gxostgjioh bg trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks prgvoks 4 topk% agimh% trhthcogjtks rgioòbks phrh gstks% ojieuobks eks pksoègs ojtgrjhcogjtks% y rgsuethbks k`tgjobks* Rhcòïj% bg akrch socoehr h ikck sg mh boimk phrh eks trhstkrjks hituhegs% pugbg prgfujthrsg he ieogjtg so% hphrtg bg ehs pksoègs cgboihiokjgs qug mh pkbobk cgjiokjhr% mh tkchbk hefujh vgz cgboihioùj phrh eh hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj% ojskcjok k iuhequogr topk bg prkègch gckiokjhe* Yo gs hsã% sg prgfujth iuèjbk% quï topk y gj quï bksos% burhjtg iuèjtk togcpk% iuèe aug eh rhzùj y rgsue# thbks k`tgjobks*

ÈPGHY @ÈYOIHY BG EH QOBH \hrh ikcpegcgjthr eh gvheuhioùj igjtrhbh gj ge prkègch k prkègchs bg ojtgrïs% sg rgik# cogjbh gxhcojhr bgtgrcojhbhs èrghs `èsoihs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg4 ahcoeoh bg krofgj% gstuboks% trh`hdk% gikjkcãh% rgehiokjgs skiohegs% ojtgrgsgs y haoiokjgs% sgxk% vobh bg phrgdh% modks% sh# eub% èrgh egfhe y rgeofoùj* H gstg rgspgitk% gxostgj bks pgrspgitovhs cuy boagrgjtgs4 #

Mhigr gj ihbh ihsk ujh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe ikcpegth qug ojieuyh tkbhs ehs èrghs hjtg# rokrcgjtg cgjiokjhbhs* Gstk bhrãh ujh vosoùj fek`he bge ieogjtg% hujqug mh`rãh vhroks oj# ikjvgjogjtgs4 fhstk bg togcpk y bojgrk% k`tgjioùj bg ojakrchioùj qug jk gs ôtoe phrh eh ikcprgjsoùj bge prkègch y su trhthcogjtk% y rgigek bge ieogjtg pkr ge mgimk bg qug sg gxpekrgj èrghs qug jk ikjsobgrh pgrtojgjtgs* Hbgcès% ge iùbofk bgkjtkeùfoik bge Ikegfok bg \soiùekfks sgøheh qug ge psoiùekfk sùek rgikfgrè eh ojakrchioùj gstroithcgjtg jgigsh# roh phrh bgsgcpgøhr ehs thrghs phrh ehs qug mh sobk rgqugrobk y sogcprg ikj eh hutkrozh# ioùj bge ieogjtg*

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Hbkpthr uj gjakqug ojbovobuheozhbk bg eh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe gj ge qug sg ojbhfhrèj sùek hqugeehs èrghs y hspgitks bg ehs coschs qug sg supkjg hyubhrèj h iehroaoihr eks prkègchs prgsgjtgs y ehs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs% y h ùsihr rgiursks phrh eh geh`krhioùj

\rkigsk # 0<

bge prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk* Gstg sgfujbk gjakqug phrgig ge cès hikjsgdhèg* \hrh eeg# vhrek h ih`k% pugbgj sgfuorsg eks sofuogjtgs phsks4 )

Bgiobor ehs èrghs h gxpekrhr gj aujioùj bge prkègch+s prgsgjthbk+s pkr ge ieogjtg y bg eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh*

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Mhigr ujh prgfujth fgjgrhe sk`rg ihbh èrgh sgegiiokjhbh -p*gd*% ―gxpeãqugcg iùck sg eegvh ikj su phrgdh–/ y eugfk% ktrh sk`rg pksoègs ojshtosahiiokjgs k boaoiuethbgs% ihsk bg qug ge ieogjtg jk cgjiokjg jhbh he rgspgitk*

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Yo ge ieogjtg ojakrch qug togjg hefujh ojshtosahiioùj k boaoiuethb gj uj hspgitk bgtgr# cojhbk -p*gd*% ikcujoihioùj% sgxk/% ikjvogjg prgfujthreg% hjtgs bg gvheuhrek cès h akjbk% so gxostgj boaoiuethbgs gj ktrks ècòtks -p*gd*% gikjkcãh% thrghs bg eh ihsh% togcpk eo`rg/* Eugfk% mh`rè qug gxpekrhr eks hspgitks prkègcètoiks obgjtoaoihbks y su pksoèg rgehioùj ikj ge prkègch qug sg gstè gvheuhjbk*

Eh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe pgrcotg ikcprgjbgr cgdkr he ieogjtg% hvgrofuhr so mhy ahitkrgs gj ehs èrghs gxpekrhbhs rgehiokjhbks ikj eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg y bgsiu`ror jugvks rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bg gstg* \hrgig cès hikjsgdhèg qug eh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe sg rgheoig bgspuïs bg eh gvheuhioùj igj# trhbh gj eks prkègchs % yh qug so jk% ge ieogjtg pkbrãh sgjtorsg ojikcprgjbobk% bubhr bg eh pgrto# jgjioh bg eh ojakrchioùj qug sg eg pobg ’cuimh bg geeh jk ikjgithbh hphrgjtgcgjtg ikj ek qug eg prgkiuph’ y jk ikeh`krhr ikj eh cosch ojtgjsobhb* Bg tkbks ckbks% so ge ieogjtg cgjiokjh ikj rgehioùj h su prkègch hefujh bg ehs èrghs hjtgs iothbhs% mh`rè qug gxpekrhrehs ikck phrtg bge hjèeosos bge cosck* Gj gsths èrghs pugbgj gjikjtrhrsg prkègchs phrhegeks he prkègch cktovk bg ikjsueth k vhrohègs qug ojaeuygj gj gstg ôetock*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks 4 Gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks* Gj kihsokjgs uj ieogjtg bgsgh ikjkigr% yh he aojhe bg eh procgrh k sgfujbh sgsoùj y hjtgs bg qug ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj ojoiohe gstï tgrcojhbk% iogrtks bgtheegs bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj qug sg sgfuorè -p*gd*% gj quï ikjsostg% burhioùj hprkxochbh% prk`hòeobhbgs bg ïxotk/* Gj gstg ihsk% pugbg hbgehjtèrsgeg% so eks bhtks ek pgrcotgj% ojakrchioùj he rgspgitk% pgrk gjahtozhjbk su ihrèitgr tgjthtovk y prkvosokjhe y sgøhehjbk qug sg pkbrè kargigr ujh ojakrchioùj cès prgiosh bgjtrk bg ujh k bks sgsokjgs% ujh vgz ikjieuobh eh ahsg bg gvheuhioùj* \hrtg bg eh ojakrchioùj rgikfobh gj eh ahsg bg hjèeosos bge prkègch pugbg sgrvor phrh gsthèg# igr% so sg bgsgh% uj bohfjùstoik kaoiohe* Gstg pugbg ahioeothr eh ikcujoihioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjh# egs* Yoj gc`hrfk% jk ikjvogjg pgrbgr bg vosth qug ge cosck trhstkrjk gj bostojths pgrskjhs pugbg sgr ihushbk y chjtgjobk pkr ahitkrgs `hsthjtg boagrgjtgs* Bg tkbks ckbks% ge bohfjùstoik pugbg sgr ôtoe phrh sgegiiokjhr uj trhthcogjtk iuhjbk eks ieogjtgs bg ujh ihtgfkrãh bohfjùstoih skj rgehtovhcgjtg mkckfïjgks% sg bospkjg bg uj trhthcogjtk pktgjtg y eh rhzùj ikstg+`gjgaoioks bgs# hikjsgdh eh rgheozhioùj bg ujh gvheuhioùj obokfrèaoih* Wjh vgz hjheozhbks eks prkègchs bge phiogjtg% ge tgrhpguth sh`rè so pugbg ikrrgspkjbgr h sus bgchjbhs* Bg jk sgr hsã% bg`grè bgrovhrek h ktrk igjtrk k tgrhpguth qug sã gstï ihphiothbk he rgs# pgitk* Eh bgrovhioùj bg uj phiogjtg pugbg tgjgr eufhr gj iuhequogr ckcgjtk bge prkigsk y jk sùek he ojoiok* \ksoègs rhzkjgs phrh eh bgrovhioùj skj4 #

Ge tgrhpguth jk bkcojh eks prkfrhchs bg trhthcogjtk qug skj gaoihigs phrh ge prkègch proj# iophe bge ieogjtg*

\rkigsk # 08

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Ge ieogjtg prgsgjth prkègchs phrh eks qug4 h/ jk mhy trhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik% `/ ge tgrhpguth jk ek ikjkig k i/ gxostg uj trhthcogjtk hetgrjhtovk cès gaoihz*

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Jk sg eegfh h uj hiugrbk sk`rg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj bge prkègch -y aheehj ehs hetgrjhtovhs qug sg ojboihj gj ge hphrthbk ―Ikcphrtor y hikrbhr eh ikjigptuheozhioùj ikj ge ieogjtg–/ k sk# `rg ge topk bg trhthcogjtk*

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Eks k`dgtovks bge ieogjtg skj ojhigpthègs phrh ge tgrhpguth*

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Ge ieogjtg jk cgdkrh ikj ge trhthcogjtk hpeoihbk*

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Ge tgrhpguth bgshrrkeeh augrtgs sgjtocogjtks pksotovks k jgfhtovks mhioh ge ieogjtg qug ojtgraog# rgj gj ge trhthcogjtk*

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Gxostg ujh cheh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih*

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Ge ieogjtg mhig rgvovor gj ge tgrhpguth hefôj prkègch prkpok qug ojaeuyg jgfhtovhcgjtg gj eh tgrhpoh*

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Ge tgrhpguth gstè phshjbk pkr ujh cheh ïpkih y jk pugbg hituhr ikj eh suaoiogjtg ikcpgtgj# ioh*

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Ge ieogjtg skeoioth hiubor h hefôj ktrk igjtrk k tgrhpguth% yh sgh pkr hefujh bg ehs rhzkjgs hjtg# rokrgs k pkr ktrhs -p*gd*% ihcòk bg rgsobgjioh% igjtrk qug gstï cès prùxock% tgrhpguth qug sgh bge ktrk sgxk% boaoiuethbgs gikjùcoihs% gti*/*

Eh bgrovhioùj bg uj phiogjtg% gspgiohecgjtg gj hefujks bg eks ihsks ikcgjthbks% gs ujh iugs# toùj boaãioe thjtk phrh ïe ikck phrh ge tgrhpguth* \hrh gcpgzhr% ujh ùgjh bgrovhioùj gxofg qug mhyh sobk bgiobobh gj `gjgaoiok bge ieogjtg y jk bge tgrhpguth* Eugfk% bg`g kargigrsg ujh rhzùj ikjvojigjtg phrh eh cosch% soj iuephòeozhr he phiogjtg% y prkpkriokjhr ge jkc`rg ikjirgtk bg ujk k cès igjtrks k tgrhpguths qug gstïj bospugstks h higpthr ge ihsk so ge ieogjtg ek bgsgh> gstk rgquog# rg% h sgr pksoèg% ikjthithr prgvohcgjtg ikj gstks ktrks prkagsokjhegs* Bgioreg socpegcgjtg h uj ieogjtg qug ùsqug h ktrk tgrhpguth jk gs bgrovhr% gs h`hjbkjhrek h su sugrtg* Aojhecgjtg% jk sg ikjsobgrh ïtoik ik`rhr u k`tgjgr iuhequogr topk bg ikcpgjshioùj pkr bgrovhr ieogjtgs% yh qug gstk pugbg ahvkrgigr qug uj ieogjtg sgh bgrovhbk pkr rhzkjgs gikjùcoihs y jk gj su prkpok `gjgaoiok* Rhcòïj mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth qug gj ktrks ihsks% eh jhturhegzh bge prkègch k prkègchs rgqugrorè eh ikeh`krhioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs -cïboiks% psoquohtrhs% pgbhfkfks% shigrbktgs% h`kfhbks/% frupks bg hutkhyubh -heikmùeoiks hjùjocks% phbrgs soj phrgdh/ k igjtrks bg irosos -phrh ojtgjtks bg suoiobok% vokehiokjgs% gc`hrhzks jk bgsghbks y h`krtks% cheks trhtks/*

Jk bgrovhr he phiogjtg k jk ikeh`krhr ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs iuhjbk gs jgigshrok supkjg uj gjfhøk he ieogjtg -ihsk bg qug sg mhfh bgeo`grhbhcgjtg/ y gxostg ujh frhj prk`hòeobhb bg qug eks rgsuethbks bge trhthcogjtk sghj jueks k cãjocks% pkr jk mhèhr bge pksoèg gcpgkrhcogjtk bg eks prkègchs bge phiogjtg* Rkbk gstk pugbg ikjbuior he ieogjtg h rgbuior su ikjaohjzh gj ge trhth# cogjtk psoikeùfoik yh sgh gj fgjgrhe k gj ge topk bg tgrhpoh rgioòbk*

AKPCWEHIOÙJ _ IKJRPHYRG BG MO\ÙRGYOY G]\EOIHROQHY Gsth ahsg ’thcòïj ikjkiobh ikj ge jkc`rg bg hjèeosos aujiokjhe bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh ikfjo# tovk#ikjbuituhe% qug gs eh qug sg sofug gj gstg bkiucgjtk’ gstè rghecgjtg cuy gjtrgehzhbh ikj eh

\rkigsk # 00

hjtgrokr* He hjheozhr eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg surfgj yh ehs procgrhs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs cès k cgjks hcpeohs qug sg ojtgjthj ikjtrhsthr gj chykr k cgjkr cgbobh% bg ckbk qug% gj aujioùj bg eks rgsuethbks% sg ckboaoihj k jk ehs mopùtgsos* Bg mgimk% eh rgikfobh bg ojakrchioùj y eh fgjg# rhioùj y ikjtrhstg bg mopùtgsos togjgj eufhr gj eh chykrãh bg ihsks gj ujh sgrog bg ioieks y jk sùek gj ehs bks ahsgs gj qug% pkr cktovks bobèitoiks% mhj sobk sgphrhbhs hquã* Gj eh ahsg qug jks kiuph% eh ojakrchioùj prgvohcgjtg k`tgjobh gs krfhjozhbh bg ckbk qug sg gsthègigj rgehiokjgs gjtrg ehs bostojths vhrohègs bg uj prkègch y+k gjtrg eks bostojtks prk# ègchs bg uj ieogjtg* Yg akrcuehj hsã ujh k cès mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs sk`rg ge chjtgjocogjtk -mopùtgsos bg chjtgjocogjtk/ y sk`rg ge krofgj y bgshrrkeek bge prkègch+s -mopùtgsos mostùroih/% mopùtgsos qug skj ikjtrhsthbhs bg bostojtks ckbks* 7

Gdgcpeks bg mopùtgsos sgjioeehs4 h/ Wj bkekr bg ih`gzh pugbg sgr gxpeoihbk pkr ujh aheth bg hsgrioùj gj sotuhiokjgs skiohegs y pkr ge gsihpg k gvothioùj bg gsths sotuhiokjgs* `/ Wjh bosaujioùj grïitoe pugbg kiurror gj aujioùj bg eh hjsogbhb y hjtoiophioùj bg arhihsk fgjgrhbhs pkr hefujhs gxpgrogjiohs aheeobhs gj ujh ïpkih bg gstrïs eh`krhe* i/ Wj joøk pugbg jk k`gbgigr h sus phbrgs pkrqug gstks eg rgpotgj cuimhs vgigs ehs ùrbgjgs% pgrk jk eg prkpkriokjhj ikjsgiugjiohs boagrgj# iohegs sgfôj k`gbgzih k jk* b/ Wjh ikcpuesoùj sg chjtogjg pkrqug rgbuig k ocpobg ge ojirgcgjtk bg eh hjsogbhb prkbuiobh pkr ujh k`sgsoùj* g/ Wjh hjkrfhscoh pugbg gxpeoihrsg gj aujioùj bg ujks ikjkiocogjtks sgxuhegs ojhbgiuhbks% ujh hitotub jgfhtovh mhioh ge sgxk y uj bïaoiot bg gsto# cuehioùj sgxuhe pkr phrtg bg eh phrgdh* Wj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk fgjgrhe bg eh akòh skiohe pugbg vgrsg rgprgsgjthbk bg akrch frèaoih gj eh aofurh 8* Hsocosck% gj eh aofurh 0 pugbg vgrsg uj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk phrh ujh cudgr qug prgsgjth`h trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj hfkrhakòh* Qghcks hmkrh ikj cès bgtheeg ge ihsk bg eh akòh gsikehr* Hefujks ahitkrgs prgbospkjgjtgs h eh akòh gsikehr pugbgj sgr eh gxostgjioh bg trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb -gspgiohecgjtg hfkrhakòh/ k bg bgprgsoùj gj eks phbrgs% eks iuhegs boaoiuethj ge hprgjbozhdg bg gstrhtgfohs bg harkjthcogjtk pkr phrtg bge joøk> ge prkvgjor bg ahcoeohs pgqugøhs y cuy ujobhs gj ehs qug eks joøks chjtogjgj rgehiokjgs cuy gstrgimhs k bgpgjbogjtgs ikj sus ph# brgs> eh sk`rgprktgiioùj pkr phrtg bg eks phbrgs> eh gxostgjioh bg hjsogbhb pkr sgphrhioùj gj ge joøk> y eh prgsgjioh bg hjsogbhb k tgckr ckbgrhbk gj sotuhiokjgs gsikehrgs gspgiãaoihs* Gjtrg eks ahitkrgs prgiopothjtgs y+k chjtgjgbkrgs bg eh akòh gsikehr pugbgj bostojfuorsg4 #

Hikjtgiocogjtks vothegs jgfhtovks 4 cugrtg% gjagrcgbhb k sgphrhioùj bg eks phbrgs -jkr# checgjtg eh chbrg/% hcofk ãjtock k chsikth> phbgigr ujh gjagrcgbhb% tgjgr uj hiiobgj# tg k suaror ujh kpgrhioùj qug kèofh he joøk h pgrchjgigr gj ihsh k gj ge mkspothe ehrfk togcpk*

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Ahitkrgs rgehiokjhbks ikj eh gsiugeh 4 ihcòk bg ikegfok% bg iehsg k bg jovge hihbïcoik> gxpgrogjiohs bg robãiuek% irãtoihs% hcgjhzhs% bhøk aãsoik k pgeghs ikj ktrks joøks> prkagskr bgchsohbk gstroitk% shrièstoik k pujotovk> trh`hdk gsikehr cuy boaãioe -ojieuobhs hquã ehs hitovobhbgs bg gbuihioùj aãsoih/> tgjgr qug phrtoiophr gj rgujokjgs gsikehrgs g ojtgrvgjor gj pôèoik> mhigr gxècgjgs> gsthr ikj cuimks joøks k gj ujh gsiugeh cuy frhjbg> tgjgr qug mhigr uj ehrfk y bgshfrhbhèg vohdg mhsth eh gsiugeh> gxpgrogjiohs trhucètoihs gj eh gsiugeh -hiksk sgxuhe/* Gstks ahitkrgs sugegj fgjgrhr iogrtk cogbk gj eks joøks% hujqug hefujks eegfhr h rghiiokjhr ikj uj jovge bg cogbk gxigsovk*

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Ahitkrgs rgehiokjhbks ikj ge joøk * Hphrtg bg eks cogbks iothbks hrro`h% pugbgj ojaeuor ge cogbk h eh sgphrhioùj bg eks phbrgs> ujh chykr bgpgjbgjioh bg gstks> prkègchs bg hsgr# tovobhb y bg rgehiokjgs skiohegs> jovgegs gxigsovks bg hsporhioùj hihbïcoih> gsthr hikc# pegdhbk pkr hefôj hspgitk bg eh hphrogjioh aãsoih qug pugbg pkjgrsg bg chjoaogstk gj ehs iehsgs k he bgsjubhrsg> igeks gxhfgrhbks bg uj mgrchjk> hjfustoh pkr eh cgjstruhioùj k eh chstur`hioùj* \ugbg mh`gr uj `hdk rgjbocogjtk gsikehr -gj iogrths chtgrohs k gj fgjg# rhe/ y+k uj cogbk he cosck bgòbk h ujh sgrog bg ahitkrgs -joøk% gsiugeh% cgbok iueturhe/*

\rkigsk # 09

Hefujks joøks jk quogrgj vkevgr h eh gsiugeh pkrqug jk pugbgj gxpeoihr su husgjioh h sus ikcphøgrks bg uj ckbk higpthèg* #

Ahitkrgs rgehiokjhbks ikj eh ahcoeoh * Yk`rgprktgiioùj bge joøk pkr phrtg bg ujk k hc# `ks phbrgs> rgehioùj cuy gstrgimh bg eh chbrg ikj ge joøk y rgehioùj bosthjtg ikj ge ch# robk> gxpgithtovhs pkik rgheosths sk`rg ge rgjbocogjtk gsikehr bge joøk> aheth bg rgiursks bg eks phbrgs phrh ikjsgfuor eegvhrek h eh gsiugeh -p*gd*% jk pkbgr chjgdhr aãsoih k psoik# eùfoihcgjtg ehs rhògths bge joøk% jk sgjtorsg ihphz bg chjgdhr h eh vgz thjtk he joøk ik# ck h sus mgrchjks cès pgqugøks/> bgshdustg chrothe> hefôj prkfgjotkr k eh ahcoeoh sheg `gjgaoiohbk bg qug ge modk sg qugbg gj ihsh -p*gd*% ujh chbrg hfkrhaùòih k bgprocobh/ k bg qug prgsgjtg uj prkègch qug pgrcotg jk htgjbgr h ktrks prkègchs cès bkekrksks -p*gd*% ojshtosahiioùj chrothe/> ikjaeoitks gjtrg eks phbrgs y eh gsiugeh> phbrgs qug vhekrhj pkik eh gbuihioùj gsikehr k qug togjgj hitotubgs jgfhtovhs mhioh eh gsiugeh*

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K`sgrvhioùj gj ktrks joøks -mgrchjks% hcofks% ikcphøgrks/ bg aheth bg hsostgjioh h eh gsiugeh% bg cogbks bg topk gsikehr k bg gxpgrogjiohs jgfhtovhs rgehiokjhbhs ikj eh gsiug# eh*

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Pgakrzhcogjtk jgfhtovk -prgvgjioùj bg eh hjsogbhb k bg pksoègs ikjsgiugjiohs jgfhto# vhs hjtoiophbhs% rgbuiioùj bg rgspkjshòeobhbgs gsikehrgs/ y pksotovk -htgjioùj% cocks% pksoòeobhb bg rgheozhr gj ihsh cès hitovobhbgs hfrhbhègs ikck vgr RQ y egvhjthrsg thr# bg/ bg ehs ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj y bg qugdh* Rhcòïj pugbg mh`gr uj rgakrzhcogjtk pkr phrtg bg eks phbrgs bg ehs ikjbuiths bg bgpgjbgjioh bge joøk*

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Ktrhs ikjsgiugjiohs bg eh akòh gsikehr% thjtk h ikrtk+cgbok pehzk -rgtrhsk gsikehr% hos# ehcogjtk skiohe% sgjtocogjtks bg iueph/ ikck h ehrfk pehzk4 cgjkrgs kpkrtujobhbgs phrh iurshr ujh gbuihioùj supgrokr% prkègchs bg gcpegk% boaoiuethbgs skiohegs y chykr rogsfk bg trhstkrjks psoquoètroiks auturks*

Gs jgigshrok ikjsobgrhr gstks ahitkrgs y ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg eks coscks phrh gxpeoihr ge kro# fgj y chjtgjocogjtk bg eh akòh gsikehr* Gstg topk bg hjèeosos qug ikjsobgrhj ehs rgehiokjgs ihush# egs prgsgjtgs gj uj trhstkrjk ikjsobgrhbk gj fgjgrhe sg ikjkigj ikck ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks* Gs# tks skj ôtoegs gj iuhjtk prkpkriokjhj% h ckbk bg fuãh% uj ikjdujtk bg pksoègs vhrohègs ihushegs qug pugbgj sgr ocpkrthjtgs k jk phrh ge ieogjtg ikj ge qug sg trh`hdh* Wj gdgcpek bg ckbgek jk# cktïtoik prgsgjthbk bg akrch frèaoih pugbg vgrsg gj eh aofurh 8* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge ckbgek gxpeo# ihtovk ocpkrthjtg gj ieãjoih gs ge obokfrèaoik % hquge borofobk h obgjtoaoihr ehs rgehiokjgs ihushegs qug pgrcotgj gxpeoihr eks prkègchs bg uj ieogjtg bgtgrcojhbk -vïhsg eh aofurh 0 y Eh`rhbkr% Gs# tupoøè y Burèj% 0<<=/* Ktrks gdgcpeks bg ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks phrh bostojtks trhstkrjks skj eks sofuogjtgs4 trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj hfkrhakòh -@hbks% 0<<1/% trhstkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk -Iruzhbk% 8??=/% akòhs gspgiãaoihs -@hbks y Ikrkjhs% 0<<7/% mopkikjbrãh -@ktgeeh y Chrtãjgz% 8??6/% bosaujiokjgs sgxuh# egs -Eh`rhbkr% 8??=/% hjkrgxoh -@uigth% 8??1> Yhebhøh% 8??2/% ùeocoh -Phoim> 8??2> Yhebhøh% 8??2/% th`hquosck -Foe% 8??=/% bkekr irùjoik -Ikcgimg y Qheegdk% 8??=/* He akrcuehr eh mopùtgsos bg chjtgjocogjtk % gs ocpkrthjtg sgegiiokjhr sùek ehs vhrohègs ocpkrthjtgs% ikjtrkehègs y ihushegs y trhthr bg gsthègigr eh cgbobh gj qug ihbh ujh bg geehs ikjtroùyg h eh gxpeoihioùj bge prkègch k ikjbuith prkègcètoih* Gs bgior% sg trhth bg hsofjhr uj pgsk mopktïtoik h ihbh ujh bg ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs % pgsk qug vh h ojaeuor bgiosovhcgjtg gj ehs tïijoihs bg trhthcogjtk gegfobhs* Gsth hsofjhioùj bg pkjbgrhiokjgs% bg eh iuhe pugbg vgrsg uj gdgcpek gj Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -8??2% pèf* ?8/% sugeg eegvhrsg h ih`k bg ckbk su`dgtovk gj aujioùj bg4 h/ eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh sk`rg ge ieogjtg y `/ eh ocpkrthjioh tgùroih qug togjgj ehs bostojths vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs sgfôj eh ojakrchioùj gxtrhãbh bg gstuboks bg frupk% ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks y+k gxpgrogjioh prgvoh ikj ihsks socoehrgs* Yoj gc`hrfk% K&@rogj -8??7/ mh bgcks#

\rkigsk # 02

trhbk qug ge cïtkbk su`dgtovk su`gstoch eh chfjotub bg ehs ikrrgehiokjgs frhjbgs y sk`rgstoch eh bg ehs pgqugøhs* \kr geek% ek obghe sgrãh gcpeghr hefôj cgbok gsthbãstoik ikck ehs ikrrgehiokjgs k ge hjèeosos bg ehs prk`hòeobhbgs ikjboiokjhegs% hujqug% pkr ge ckcgjtk% gstk jk sg eegvh h ih`k gj eh ieãjoih iktobohjh* Gccgenhcp% @kuchj y Yimkeojf -8??0% ihp* 9/ mhj bostojfuobk bks jovgegs bg hjèeosos auj# iokjhe k ckbgeks gxpeoihtovks4 h/ hjèeosos bg ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs gjtrg bostojtks prkègchs qug pugbh prgsgjthr ge phiogjtg -chirkhjèeosos/ y `/ hjèeosos bg ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs bgjtrk bg uj prkègch gspgiãaoik -coirkhjèeosos/* Gj ehs aofurhs 9 y 2 sg prgsgjth uj gdgcpek bg ihbh ujk bg geeks phrh ujh phiogjtg hfkrhaùòih* Ge procgrk gstè igjtrhbk gj eks bostojtks prkègchs bg eh phiogjtg y ge sgfujbk gj ge trhstkrjk hfkrhaùòik* Yhevk phrh ihsks sgjioeeks% ek hikjsgdhèg gs ikcgjzhr pkr uj chirkhjèeosos y bgspuïs rgheozhr ge k eks coirkhjèeosos jgigshroks igjtrhbks gj uj prkègch ikjirgtk y ikj uj chykr jovge bg gspgioaoiobhb* Gxostg ujh sgrog bg cgboks qug pugbgj ahioeothr eh fgjgrhioùj bg mopùtgsos4 #

Krfhjozhr pkr gsirotk y bg akrch frèaoih eh ojakrchioùj bospkjoèg % bg ckbk qug sg pugbh tgjgr prgsgjtg tkbh eh ojakrchioùj h eh vgz* Gstk gs boaãioe k ocpksoèg bg ikjsgfuor so sg ojtgjth socpegcgjtg h jovge cgjthe*

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Obgjtoaoihr ge topk bg rgehioùj -ihushe+ikrrgehiokjhe% ujoborgiiokjhe+òborgiiokjhe/ qug gxostg gjtrg bks vhrohègs qug sh`gcks vhj hskiohbhs y hvgrofuhr quï vhrohègs gstèj hskiohbhs ikj vhrohiokjgs gj eh argiugjioh% burhioùj k ojtgjsobhb bg ehs ikjbuiths prk# ègcètoihs*

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Gstubohr eh ocpkrthjioh y ikjtrkehòeobhb bg ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs obgjtoaoihbhs*

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Gstubohr eh gvkeuioùj bge prkègch% gspgiohecgjtg eks ahitkrgs hskiohbks ikj ehs ïpkihs bg cgdkrãh y gcpgkrhcogjtk*

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Gcpeghr eks ikjkiocogjtks bgrovhbks bg eks ckbgeks tgùroiks gxpeoihtovks bg prkèg# chs socoehrgs h eks bge ieogjtg* Yoj gc`hrfk% eks ckbgeks gxpeoihtovks fgjgrhegs jk togjgj pkr quï ikojiobor ikj eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh ojbovobuheozhbh*

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Gcpeghr eks ikjkiocogjtks prgvoks bgrovhbks bg ihsks ieãjoiks socoehrgs*

IKJRPHYRG BG MO\ÙRGYOY Akrcuehbh ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh% ge sofuogjtg phsk gs ikjtrhsthreh* Gsths bks hitovobhbgs pugbgj orsg suigbogjbk mhsth ekfrhr ujh mopùtgsos ikrrgith* Gxostgj bks akrchs `èsoihs bg ikjtrhs# tg bg mopùtgsos% h prokro y h pkstgrokro% sgfôj sg eegvgj h ih`k hjtgs k bgspuïs bge trhthcogjtk* Gj eh ahsg qug jks kiuph% ge ikjtrhstg qug sg eegvh h ih`k gs ge h prokro* Gstk pugbg mhigrsg bgrovhj# bk prgboiiokjgs gspgiãaoihs bg eh mopùtgsos y gcpeghjbk bostojths gstrhtgfohs phrh rgikfgr ojakr# chioùj borofobh thjtk h ikjaorchr ikck h ojvheobhr boimhs prgboiiokjgs * Ehs gstrhtgfohs gc# peghbhs sugegj sgr bg bks topks% aujbhcgjthecgjtg bge procgrk4 #

Ikjvgrfgjioh bg ojakrchioùj* Yg trhth bg gvheuhr ehs prgboiiokjgs h trhvïs bg ktrks cïtkbks bostojtks bge qug sg utoeozù phrh rgheozhr eh prgboiioùj -p*gd*% gjtrgvosth h ktrhs pgrskjhs% hutkrrgfostrk% k`sgrvhioùj% rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks% prug`hs ikfjotovhs k`dg# tovhs% prug`hs cïboihs/ k bg vhrohiokjgs gj ge cïtkbk krofojhe -p*gd*% bostojths prgfujths gj ujh gjtrgvosth% ktrks iugstokjhroks/* Yo eh ojakrchioùj ikojiobg% gxostg ujh chykr prk# `hòeobhb bg qug sgh ikrrgith* Eh jk ikojiobgjioh sufogrg qug ehs prgboiiokjgs jk skj vè#

\rkigsk # 07

eobhs% hujqug ujh gxpeoihioùj hetgrjhtovh gs qug ge frhbk bg ikjikrbhjioh gjtrg bostojths tïijoihs bg gvheuhioùj jk gs cuy gegvhbk*

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Wj gdgcpek bg gsth gstrhtgfoh gs ge sofuogjtg* Rrhs eh procgrh gjtrgvosth ikj ujh ch# brg% uj psoiùekfk sg mh pehjtghbk eh mopùtgsos bg qug uj joøk bgsk`gbgig h sus phbrgs pkrqug gstks jk hpeoihj ikrrgithcgjtg eks rgakrzhbkrgs y ihstofks* H phrtor bg hquã bgrovh bks prgboiiokjgs gspgiãaoihs4 h/ eks phbrgs eg rgaugrzhj pkihs vgigs k ojsuao# iogjtgcgjtg iuhjbk k`gbgig% y `/ eks phbrgs hcgjhzhj he joøk ikj ihstofks qug eug# fk jk mhigj iucpeor* \hrh ikcprk`hr gsths prgboiiokjgs% pkbrãh utoeozhr ktrks cïtk# bks ikck mhigr prgfujths gspgiãaoihs he rgspgitk h hc`ks phbrgs y he joøk y+k skeoio# thregs qug iucpeocgjthrhj uj hutkrrgfostrk bg su hituhioùj hjtg ehs k`gbogjiohs y bgsk`gbogjiohs bge joøk*

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Ktrk gdgcpek gs qug so h trhvïs bg eh gjtrgvosth mgcks mopktgtozhbk qug uj gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk gs ikjsgiugjioh bg uj bïaoiot bg mhòeobhbgs skiohegs% pkbgcks eeg# vhr h ih`k ujh k`sgrvhioùj gj sotuhiokjgs socuehbhs phrh vhekrhr so ge ieogjtg prg# sgjth k jk boimk bïaoiot* Yo gs hsã% tgjgcks ujh prug`h cès h ahvkr bg eh mopùtgsos% hujqug sg rgqugrorãh ujh gstrhtgfoh gxpgrocgjthe phrh pkbgr bgckstrhr qug ge èjock bgprocobk gs uj rgsuethbk bge cgjiokjhbk bïaoiot bg mhòeobhbgs skiohegs* \kbrãh sgr qug hc`hs vhrohègs jk gstuvogrhj rgehiokjhbhs k qug jk muògrh the bïaoiot% pgrk hph# rgiogrh hsã gj eh gvheuhioùj bgòbk he gsthbk hjãcoik bge ieogjtg*

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Gj hqugeeks ihsks gj qug eks bhtks sg hbgiuhj h uj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk fgjgrhe ògj hsgjthbk k ikjiugrbhj ikj ihsks ieãjoiks socoehrgs % thcòïj hucgjth jugstrh ikjaohjzh gj eh mopùtgsos% hujqug gs ojsuaoiogjtg phrh ikjtrhsthreh*

Gxpgrocgjtks k iuhsogxpgrocgjtks * Gsth gs eh gstrhtgfoh obghe phrh ikjtrhsthr ujh mopù# tgsos -hujqug sùek vheg phrh ehs bg chjtgjocogjtk/% yh qug supkjg eh chjopuehioùj y ge ikjtrke cès k cgjks gstroitk bg ehs vhrohègs ojbgpgjbogjtgs y eh k`sgrvhioùj bg eks gagi# tks gj ehs vhrohègs bgpgjbogjtgs* Yoj gc`hrfk% gsth gstrhtgfoh jk sg gcpegh prèitoih# cgjtg jujih gj eh ieãjoih iktobohjh bgòbk h eh ojvgrsoùj bg togcpk qug supkjg% h su ikstg y ehs boaoiuethbgs gcpãroihs k ïtoihs phrh chjopuehr iogrths vhrohègs* Wj gdgcpek bg gsth gstrhtgfoh sgrãh ge sofuogjtg4 so mopktgtozhcks qug ge bkekr bg ih`gzh bg ujh pgrskjh bgpgjbg bg eh kiurrgjioh bg bosiusokjgs chrothegs% pkbrãhcks irghr ikjboiokjgs qug hu# cgjthrhj k boscojuygrhj gsths ôetochs y k`sgrvhr ek qug suigbg*

Ikjvogjg gjahtozhr qug eh rgikfobh bg bhtks bg`g or borofobh jk sùek h ikjaorchr prgboiiokjgs% sojk thcòïj h ojvheobhrehs* Eh tgjbgjioh jhturhe bge sgr muchjk phrgig sgr ùsihr k sgegiiokjhr hqugeeh ojakrchioùj qug ikjaorch hqugeek qug yh sg irgg k pogjsh y phshr pkr hetk eks bhtks qug ek ikjtrhboigj* \kr thjtk% gs jgigshrok mhigr uj gsaugrzk bgeo`grhbk phrh rgikfgr ojakrchioùj bosikjaorchtkroh* Ge ikjtrhstg bg ehs mopùtgsos mostùroihs gs sogcprg cuimk cgjks pktgjtg qug ge bg ehs bg chj# tgjocogjtk bgòbk he togcpk trhjsiurrobk* Bg mgimk% gj eh chykrãh bg eks ihsks ehs mopùtgsos mostùroihs jk sg ikjtrhsthj* Wjh vgz qug sg mh hjheozhbk ge prkègch y sg bospkjg bg ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh gj proj# iopok ikrrgith% sg gstè gj ikjboiokjgs bg mhigr uj prkjùstoik % gstk gs ujh prgboiioùj bg iuèe sgrè eh gvkeuioùj bge prkègch gj ge auturk soj trhthcogjtk* Ge prkjùstoik pugbg ojieuor eh obgjtoaoih# ioùj bg hqugeeks ahitkrgs qug% ihsk bg hphrgigr% pugbgj prkbuior ujh cgdkrh k uj gcpgkrhcogjtk bge prkègch* Eh gcosoùj bg uj prkjùstoik sg vg ahioeothbh pkr ge ikjkiocogjtk bg ihsks ieãjoiks phrgiobks y pkr ehs prgboiiokjgs rgheozhbhs pkr ehs tgkrãhs `èsoihs k psoikphtkeùfoihs* Iuhjbk ge tgrhpguth togjg cès k cgjks iehrh ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh bge prkègch bge ieogj#

\rkigsk # 01

tg% sg akrdh ujh obgh prgeocojhr bg eks k`dgtovks h ikjsgfuor y bge prkfrhch fgjgrhe bg trhth# cogjtk qug sg pkbrãh hpeoihr* Yoj gc`hrfk% eh akrcuehioùj bgaojotovh bg eks k`dgtovks y trhthcogj# tk bgpgjbgrè bg eks hiugrbks qug sg gsthègzihj ikj ge phiogjtg*

IKC\HPROP _ HIKPBHP EH IKJIG\RWHEOTHIOÙJ IKJ GE IEOGJRG Jkrchecgjtg sg jgigsothrèj bg bks h iuhtrk sgsokjgs bg gjtrgvosth y ge gcpegk bg ktrks cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj -p*gd*% iugstokjhroks% hutkrrgfostrks% gjtrgvosth h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs/ phrh rgikfgr y ikjtrhsthr tkbh eh ojakrchioùj jgigshroh* Ge sofuogjtg phsk gs kargigr he ieogjtg -y h ehs pgrskjhs qug vhyhj h ikeh`krhr/ k bgrovhr ikj ge cosck ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sk`rg su prk# ègch k prkègchs* Hsocosck% sg høhborè ujh bgsiropioùj tgjthtovh higrih bge krofgj y gvkeu# ioùj bge prkègch k prkègchs* Ikjvogjg qug eh gxpksoioùj sgh akrcuehbh bg akrch ikcprgjso# èg phrh ge ieogjtg% hpkyhbh pkr rhzkjgs ikjvojigjtgs% oeustrhbh ikj gdgcpeks rghegs bg eh vobh bge phiogjtg y gjahtozhjbk ehs obghs cès ocpkrthjtgs* Eh bgrovhioùj k gxpksoioùj bg eh mopùtgsos gx# peoihtovh pugbg mhigrsg bg bks akrchs `èsoihs 4 #

Cgjks borgitovh* Eh mopùtgsos sg vh bgrovhjbk h trhvïs bg prgfujths y bosiusoùj ikj ge ieogjtg% bg ckbk qug gstg pugbh or gxprgshjbk sus kpojokjgs% bubhs y k`dgiokjgs* Gj fg# jgrhe% sg ikjsobgrh qug ge phpge hitovk bge ieogjtg ahioeothrè eh ikjsgiuioùj bg ujh ikjigp# tuheozhioùj bge prkègch vgrbhbgrhcgjtg ikcphrtobh gjtrg tgrhpguth y phiogjtg* Gstg ckbk bg prkigbgr rgquogrg cès togcpk y pugbg jk aujiokjhr ikj hefujks ieogjtgs*

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Cès borgitovh* Yg kargig borgithcgjtg tkbh eh ojakrchioùj% hujqug sg hjoch thcòïj he ieogjtg h skeoiothr ehs hiehrhiokjgs kpkrtujhs y h pehjtghr ehs bubhs y k`dgiokjgs pgrtojgj# tgs* Ehs k`sgrvhiokjgs bge ieogjtg bg`gj hjheozhrsg ikj ujh hitotub hògrth y hutkirãtoih gj vgz bg bgboihrsg socpegcgjtg h rg`htorehs*

Gs hikjsgdhèg or boùdhjbk ge ckbgek gxpeoihtovk gj ujh pozhrrh u mkdh bg phpge phrh qug tgrhpguth y phiogjtg pugbhj vgrek y bosiutorek dujtks* Wjh vgz hikrbhbk ge ckbgek gxpeoihtovk% ikjvogjg bhreg he ieogjtg ujh ikpoh pkr gsirotk phrh qug pugbh ikjsuethreh iuhjbk bgsgg k sg eg pobh* \hrh bgsihrthr qug gxosthj ktrks prkègchs qug jk sg mhj bgtgithbk burhjtg eh gvheuhioùj% ikjvogjg prgfujthr he ieogjtg so mhy hefôj tgch qug jk sg mh h`krbhbk y qug bgsghrãh ikcgjthr* Hsocosck% ge tgrhpguth bg`g hsgfurhrsg bg qug ge ieogjtg ikcprgjbg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj> phrh geek% pugbg pgboreg qug eh gxpeoqug ikj sus prkpohs pheh`rhs k mhigreg prgfujths sk`rg eks hs# pgitks qug skspgimh qug jk mh ikcprgjbobk*

Ihsk bg jk heihjzhr uj hiugrbk ikj ge ieogjtg sk`rg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj bg sus prkègchs% pugbg pehjtgèrsgeg eh ikjvgjogjioh bg eegvhr h ih`k hefujh prug`h gcpãroih phrh ikcprk`hr quï mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sg hdusth cès h eks mgimks> hsã% gj ge ihsk bg uj phiogjtg mopkikjbrãhik% gstg pkbrãh skcgtgr h prug`h so sus sãjtkchs skcètoiks skj ojboihtovks bg gjagrcgbhb% ikck ïe irgg% k bg ujh rgspugsth bg hjsogbhb% ikck supkjg ge tgrhpguth* Ktrh pksoòeobhb gs pgbor he ieogjtg qug sg ikcprkcgth h sgfuor burhjtg uj togcpk eocothbk ge trhthcogjtk qug sg eg prkpkjbrè y hjheozhr eks rgsuethbks k`tgjobks* Yo ge ieogjtg jk gstè bg hiugrbk ikj jojfujh bg gsths hetgrjhtovhs% gxostgj bks kpiokjgs4 h/ gcpgzhr h trh`hdhr bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh bge ieogjtg y ckboaoihr prkfrgsovh# cgjtg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj gj aujioùj bg eks bhtks qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk% k `/ bgrovhr he ieogjtg h ktrk prkagsokjhe* Rrhs heihjzhr uj hiugrbk sk`rg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj bge prkègch k prkègchs% ge sofuogjtg phsk gs sgegiiokjhr eks prkègchs h ckboaoihr y hikrbhr eks k`dgtovks ikjirgtks h heihjzhr*

\rkigsk # 06

GYRH@EGIOCOGJRK BG K@DGROQKY Ek mhòtuhe gs qug uj phiogjtg prgsgjtg vhroks prkègchs susigptoègs bg sgr trhthbks* \kr thjtk% mhy qug bgiobor gj procgr eufhr sk`rg iuèegs bg gsks prkègchs sg vh h ojtgrvgjor* Gj sgfujbk eufhr% so mhy vhroks prkègchs h trhthr% gs ocprk`hèg qug pugbhj sgr h`krbhbks tkbks h eh vgz% yh qug gstk ocpeoihrãh ujh thrgh ojfgjtg y boaãioecgjtg rgheozhèg phrh ge ieogjtg* Gj ikjsg# iugjioh% sg trhth bg gsthègigr ujhs prokrobhbgs bg hituhioùj 4 bgiobor quï prkègchs sg vhj h trhthr y sgegiiokjhr quï prkègch k prkègchs sg vhj h ikjsobgrhr procgrk* \hrh geek% gxostgj ujks irotgroks krogjthtovks h sgfuor4 #

Qhekrgs y prgagrgjiohs bge ieogjtg* Wj phiogjtg pugbg jk qugrgr trhthr uj prkègch% he cgjks ojoiohecgjtg% hujqug ge tgrhpguth ikjsobgrg qug gs ocpkrthjtg y gstè ojtgraorogjbk gj su vobh -p*gd*% uj ikjaeoitk chrothe gj ge ihsk bg ujh pgrskjh hfkrhaùòih/*

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Qhekrgs y prgagrgjiohs bge tgrhpguth* Iogrtks tgrhpguths pugbgj jk bgsghr hyubhr h uj phiogjtg h rgskevgr sus prkègchs sgxuhegs gj ujh rgehioùj gxtrhchtrockjohe k h supgrhr su ikcpegdk bg iuephòeobhb pkr prhitoihr h`krtks*

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Frhvgbhb bge prkègch* Yg ikcogjzh pkr hqugeeks prkègchs qug supkjfhj uj chykr pgeofrk phrh ge ieogjtg u ktrhs pgrskjhs k ujh chykr ojtgragrgjioh gj eh vobh bg hquge k gs# ths*

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Chegsthr qug ge prkègch prkvkih gj ge ieogjtg y+k gj ktrhs pgrskjhs* Gstg chegsthr jk togjg pkr quï sgr prkpkriokjhe h eh frhvgbhb bge prkègch*

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Pgehioùj bg bgpgjbgjioh gjtrg eks prkègchs* Yo ujk k cès prkègchs bgpgjbgj bg ktrk% ujh ùgjh kpioùj sgrãh ikcgjzhr pkr gstg ôetock* Hsã% so ge gsthbk bgprgsovk bg uj ieogjtg gs ujh aujioùj bg su bïaoiot bg hsgrioùj% pkbrãh gcpgzhrsg pkr gstg ôetock h jk sgr qug eh bgprgsoùj augrh thj sgroh qug muògrh bg sgr ikjsobgrhbh procgrk*

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\rk`hòeobhb bg ïxotk h ikrtk y ehrfk pehzk bge trhthcogjtk bge prkègch*

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Ikstg prk`hèg bge trhthcogjtk gj tïrcojks bg togcpk% gsaugrzk y bojgrk* \kr gdgc# pek% gj uj ieogjtg ikj `hdh cktovhioùj pugbg ikcgjzhrsg pkr trhthr prkègchs cgjkrgs ikj ge aoj bg k`tgjgr ihcòks jkthègs h ikrtk pehzk qug heogjtgj he ieogjtg h h`krbhr prk# ègchs cès ocpkrthjtgs*

Wjh vgz iehrhs ehs prokrobhbgs% ge sofuogjtg phsk gs dustoaoihr eh jgigsobhb bg gsthègigr k`dgto# vks gspgiãaoiks h heihjzhr rgspgitk he prkègch k prkègchs sgegiiokjhbks y gsthègigr boimks k`dgtovks* Bg gstg ckbk% tgrhpguth y ieogjtg sh`gj iuèegs skj eks prkpùsotks ikjirgtks bg su ikj# thitk% sg ahioeoth eh sgegiioùj bg gstrhtgfohs tgrhpïutoihs hbgiuhbhs y sg bospkjg bg ujks irotgroks iehrks phrh gvheuhr eks prkfrgsks y pkjgr aoj he trhthcogjtk* Hbgcès% ge mgimk bg gsthègigr k`dg# tovks iehrks ahioeoth ehs hiiokjgs bge phiogjtg bg ihrh h ikjsgfuoreks y togjg pkr thjtk uj gagitk cktovhbkr y tgrhpïutoik*

Gdgcpek bg uj k`dgtovk jk ek `hsthjtg gspgiãaoik phrh uj phiogjtg hfkrhaùòik sgrãh "sheor cès k pkbgr ikcprhr skek"* Wj ùgj gdgcpek sgrãh "ikfgr ge cgtrk ihbh bãh phrh boroforsg h su trh`hdk% soj or hikcphøhbk bg jhbog ikjkiobk% pkr ek cgjks burhjtg 8< bãhs sgfuobks y ikj ujh hjsogbhb bg 9 k cgjks gj ujh gsiheh bg <#8<"* Gj ge ihsk bg uj joøk gjurïtoik jkiturjk ge k`dgto# vk pugbg sgr jk ckdhr eh ihch jo ge podhch burhjtg uj cgs sgfuobk ikj eh pksoèg gxigpioùj bg ujh jkimg*

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Eks k`dgtovks gsthègiobks bg`gj iucpeor ujh sgrog bg ihrhitgrãstoihs4 #

Bg`gj rgspkjbgr h ehs jgigsobhbgs bge ieogjtg y sgr% pkr ek thjtk% ojbovobuheozhbks*

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Bg`gj sgr rgheosths% gs bgior% jk bg`gj pehjtghrsg cgths iuyh prk`hòeobhb bg ikjsgfuor# sg sgh cuy `hdh* \kr gdgcpek% heihjzhr ge pgsk obghe gj ge ihsk bg uj frhj k`gsk*

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Bg`gj sgr gspgiãaoiks* Gs bgior% mhy qug bgsiroòr quï ikjbuiths -chjoaogsths k gjiuògr# ths/ bg`gj ojsthurhrsg% ojirgcgjthrsg% geocojhrsg k rgbuiorsg% gj quï sotuhiokjgs y ikj quï argiugjioh% burhioùj k ojtgjsobhb* Cuimks ieogjtgs togjgj prkègchs phrh sgr gspgiã# aoiks gj eh bgaojoioùj bg sus k`dgtovks> mhèhj% pkr gdgcpek% bg cgdkrhr su hutkgstoch% sgr ageoigs k sgjtorsg thj ògj ikck sg sgjtãhj hjtgs* Hjtg gstk% pugbg prgfujtèrsgegs qug mhrãhj% sgjtorãhj y+k pgjshrãhj bg akrch boagrgjtg so gstk kiurrogsg* Yo ge prkègch pgrsos# tg% pugbg kargiïrsgegs ujh eosth krhe k gsiroth bg pksoègs k`dgtovks phrh qug sgegiiokjgj eks qug bgsggj*

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Bg`gj supkjgr ujh rgskeuioùj k he cgjks ujh cgdkrh susthjiohe bg eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg qug sg vhj h trhthr -irotgrok ieãjoik#skiohe/*

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Bg`gj gjahtozhr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk gaoihz bge ieogjtg gj su cgbok hcògjtg * Hbgcès% mhy qug ojtgjthr prkckvgr uj ojirgcgjtk bg gxpgrogjiohs shtosahitkrohs y jk eocothrsg sù# ek h rgbuior k geocojhr ge chegsthr gckiokjhe k ehs ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs*

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Bg`gj sgr hikrbhbks ikj ge ieogjtg y jk ocpugstks pkr ge tgrhpguth u ktrhs pgrskjhs* Iuhjbk mhyh vhroks ieogjtgs% ikck suigbg gj eh tgrhpoh bg phrgdh y ahcoeohr% tkbks geeks bg`gj gsthr bg hiugrbk gj eks k`dgtovks h ekfrhr* Ikjvogjg sgøhehr% pkr ktrh phrtg% qug k`dgtovks cuy htgckrozhjtgs k qug ge ieogjtg pugbg jk tgjgr iehrks gj ge ckcgjtk hituhe jk togjgj pkr quï sgr cgjiokjhbks bg gjtrhbh y qug ktrks k`dgtovks jk togjgj pkr quï sgr kpgrhiokjheozhbks ikj ge phiogjtg * \kr gdgcpek% pkbgcks ikcphrtor ikj ge ieogjtg ge k`dgtovk bg gegvhr ge gsthbk bg èjock% pgrk jk qug gstk sg bgtgrcojhrè shihjbk cgjks bg ujh pujtuhioùj ] gj iogrtk iugstokjhrok*

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Bg`gj sgr higpthègs phrh ge ieogjtg y phrh ge tgrhpguth * \kr gdgcpek% gstg ôetock pug# bg jk gsthr bg hiugrbk ikj ge k`dgtovk bg ujks phbrgs bg qug su modk hbkegsigjtg egs k`g# bgzih sogcprg*

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Yogcprg qug sgh pksoèg% bg`gj sgr rgbhithbks gj tïrcojks pksotovks -ek qug mhy qug mhigr/ gj vgz bg gj tïrcojks jgfhtovks -ek qug jk mhy qug mhigr/* \ksoègs gdgcpeks skj ―gcpeghr ge prgsgrvhtovk– gj vgz bg ―jk prhitoihr ikjbuiths sgxuhegs bg rogsfk– u ―gc# peghr hrfucgjtks ahvkrhègs hjtg ujh pgtoioùj bgjgfhbh y higpthr ge bgrgimk bg eks bg# cès h bgjgfhr ujh pgtoioùj– gj vgz bg ―jk pgeghrsg ikj ktrks iuhjbk jk sg ikjsofug ek qug sg bgsgh–*

Yo augrh jgigshrok cktovhr he ieogjtg mhioh hefujhs bg ehs cgths tgrhpïutoihs% sg bospkjg bg hefujks cgboks qug skj ikcgjthbks gj ge tgch Mhòeobhbgs tgrhpïutoihs* \kr gdgcpek% ge ieogjtg pugbg geh`krhr ujh chtroz bg bgiosoùj ikj ehs ikjsgiugjiohs pksotovhs y jgfhtovhs h ikrtk y h ehrfk pehzk bg ekfrhr k jk sus k`dgtovks% y vhekrhr boimhs ikjsgiugjiohs* Gj eks ihsks gj eks qug eks phiogjtgs togjgj cogbk h ehs ikjsgiugjiohs bge ihcòk% mh`rè qug prkpkjgr eh ikjsgiuioùj bg gstg bg ckbk cuy frhbuhe% ikck cgbobh bg sgfurobhb y ikck akrch bg ikcprk`hr so eks cogbks gstèj rghecgjtg aujbhbks* Eks k`dgtovks pugbgj or borofobks h4 h/ Ckboaoihr ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs y eks ahitk# rgs qug ojaeuygj gj ehs coschs> pkr gdgcpek% ihcòhr ehs phuths bg ikcujoihioùj gjtrg uj phbrg

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y ujh modh qug mhigj qug gsth hih`g sogcprg eekrhjbk% sgphrhr h uj joøk bg eh ahcoeoh qug ek che# trhth aãsoihcgjtg% rgbuior k geocojhr ehs ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj bg uj phiogjtg aùòik* `/ Hyubhr he ieogjtg h hbhpthrsg cgdkr h eh sotuhioùj prkègcètoih > pkr gdgcpek% higpthr qug sg togjg ujh gjagrcgbhb ojiurhèg% qug jk sg pkbrè tgjgr modks% qug ujk sg pkjg rkdk gj iogrths sotuhiokjgs% qug jugstrh phrgdh gs tgrroègcgjtg bgskrbgjhbh k qug h ujh bgtgrcojhbh gbhb sgrè cuy boaãioe gjikjtrhr trh`hdk* Gs pksoèg qug ujh vgz sgegiiokjhbks eks prkègchs h trhthr y ikcgjzhbk ge trhthcogjtk% ge ieogjtg ikcujoqug jugvks prkègchs qug mhsth ge ckcgjtk jk mh`ãh cgjiokjhbk k qug mhj sur# fobk gj ge iursk bg eh tgrhpoh* Gj gstks ihsks mhy qug bgtgrcojhr eh ocpkrthjioh bg boimks prkèg# chs y gj aujioùj bg gsth% pkspkjgr k gcpgzhr su gvheuhioùj y dustoaoihr eh bgiosoùj he phiogjtg* Yo ge prkègch augrh cès urfgjtg qug eks qug sg gstèj trhthjbk% sg hetgrhrãh ge krbgj bg prokrobhbgs y sg gsthègigrãhj% pkr thjtk% jugvks k`dgtovks* \kr ktrh phrtg% so ge jugvk prkègch hagithrh h eks prkègchs qug sg gstèj trhthjbk k h eh ojtgrvgjioùj hpeoihbh% sg tgjbrãh gstk gj iugjth h eh mkrh bge trhthcogjtk* Wjh vgz hikrbhbks eks k`dgtovks% sg bospkjg yh bg eh ojakrchioùj jgigshroh phrh gxpeoihr gj eãjghs fgjgrhegs y dustoaoihr he ieogjtg -y h ktrhs pgrskjhs qug vhyhj h ikeh`krhr/ ge trhthcogjtk qug sg sgfuorè y ehs prk`hòeobhbgs hprkxochbhs bg qug tgjfh ïxotk* Ikjvogjg qug ehs gxpgith# tovhs bg cgdkrh ikcujoihbhs he ieogjtg tgjfhj uj ihroz pksotovk% pgrk he cosck togcpk sghj rg# heosths* Ojbuior gxpgithtovhs gxhfgrhbhs qug eugfk jk sg ikjsofugj togjg uj ocphitk tgrhpïutoik iehrhcgjtg jgfhtovk* Gj iuhjtk h eh burhioùj hprkxochbh bge trhthcogjtk% ikjvogjg prgfujthr he ieogjtg sk`rg ge jôcgrk bg sgsokjgs qug hjtoioph % yh qug eks phiogjtgs sugegj gspgrhr uj jôcgrk `hsthjtg cès `hdk bg vosoths qug eks tgrhpguths y ge jôcgrk hjtoiophbk bg sgsokjgs gs ge cgdkr prgboitkr bg sgsokjgs htgjbobhs -Cugeegr y \gnhron% 0<< thcòïj sg mh bg ojakrchr sk`rg eh argiugjioh y burhioùj bg ehs sgsokjgs* Gj hqugeeks ihsks gj qug jk pugbh gsthègigrsg ujh ùgjh gstochioùj bg eh burhioùj hprkxochbh bge trhthcogjtk% pugbg aodhrsg uj eãcotg bg togcpk -p*gd*% = sgchjhs/ phrh gvheuhr ek qug sg mh ikjsgfuobk y ek qug qugbh pkr mhigr* Hsocosck% he prgsgjthr ge trhthcogjtk% sg gjahtozh ge phpge hitovk qug ge ieogjtg vh h dufhr gj ge prkigsk bg ihcòk y ge gsaugrzk qug rgquogrg gstg% y sg gxpeoih ge rke bge tgrhpguth% ge iuhe gs uj ikeh`krhbkr qug hyubh% jk hefuogj qug hsucg eh rgspkjshòeobhb bg eh vobh bg eks phiogjtgs* Yg bgsthih hsocosck qug ge prkfrgsk jk sgrè eojghe% sojk qug mh`rè heto`hdks* Aojhecgjtg% sg pobg he ieogjtg qug gxprgsg su kpojoùj sk`rg ge trhthcogjtk y sk`rg eh utoeobhb bg gstg gj su ihsk* Hbgcès% sg eg hjoch h akrcuehr ehs bubhs% prgfujths u k`dgiokjgs qug tgjfh ikj eh aojheobhb bg qug pug# bhj sgr bosiutobhs y pugbh heihjzhrsg uj hiugrbk he rgspgitk* Wj phiogjtg bg`g bhr su ikjsgjtocogjtk ojakrchbk he trhthcogjtk* Gstk ocpeoih qug4 h/ Bg`g sgr ojakrchbk bg akrch ikcprgjsoèg bge trhthcogjtk qug sg eg vh h hpeoihr% bg sus k`dgtovks% bg eh burhioùj gstochbh bge cosck% bg ktrks pksoègs trhthcogjtks hetgrjhtovks y bg ehs vgjthdhs y bgsvgjthdhs bg ihbh ujk -ojieuygjbk rgsuethbks prk`hègs% pksoègs gagitks hbvgrsks y ikstg gikjùcoik/* `/ Bg`g sgr ojakrchbk bg ehs iuheoaoihiokjgs prkagsokjhegs bge tgrhpguth ’ojieuygjbk su gxpgrogjioh gj fgjgrhe y ikj rgspgitk he prkègch h trhthr’% bg so gstè sogjbk supgrvoshbk y bg eks eãcotgs bg eh ikjaobgjioheobhb* i/ Ge ikjsgjtocogjtk bg`g gsthr eo`rg bg prgsokjgs y ikhiioùj* b/ Ge ieogjtg pugbg rgtorhr ge ikjsgjtocogjtk gj iuhequogr ckcgjtk* Ge ikjsgjtocogjtk bg`g bhrsg pkr gsirotk gj ge ihsk bg trhthcogjtks qug ikcpkrtgj ojikjvg# jogjtgs jkthègs qug pugbhj rgpgriutor gj eh sheub bge phiogjtg> thcòïj gs hikjsgdhèg qug sgh pkr gsirotk gj ge ihsk bg trhthcogjtks gxpgrocgjthegs* Wj hspgitk ocpkrthjtg h tgjgr gj iugjth gs

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qug uj phiogjtg togjg bgrgimk egfhe jk sùek h sgr ojakrchbk% sojk h rgjujiohr h rgioòr gsth ojakrchioùj* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% mh bg mhigrsg ikjsthr eh rgjujioh bkiucgjthecgjtg% soj qug gstk quogrh bgior qug jk mhyh bg k`tgjgrsg ge ikjsgjtocogjtk bge phiogjtg phrh eh ojtgrvgjioùj* Ygfôj eh Egy 28+0<<0 bg 82 bg jkvogc`rg% `èsoih rgfuehbkrh bg eh Hutkjkcãh bge \hiogjtg y bg Bgrgimks y Kèofhiokjgs gj Chtgroh bg Ojakrchioùj y Bkiucgjthioùj Ieãjoih -@KG bg 87#88#0<<0/ y eh Egy sk`rg eks Bgrgimks bg Ojakrchioùj Ikjigrjogjtg h eh Yheub y Hutkjkcãh bge \hiogjtg y eh Bkiucgjthioùj Ieãjoih bge \hrehcgjtk bg Ihtheuøh -@uteegtã Kaoiohe bge \hreh# cgjt bg Ihtheujyh bg 0=#80#0<<
BOYGØK BGE RPHRHCOGJRK Gsth ahsg sg supgrpkjg gj phrtg ikj eh hjtgrokr* Ge bosgøk bge prkfrhch bg ojtgrvgjioùj bg# pgjbg bg eh gvheuhioùj prgvoh rgheozhbh* Gj ktrhs pheh`rhs% bgpgjbg bg eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh bge chjtgjocogjtk bge prkègch qug sg mh bgiobobk trhthr% bg ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bge prkègch y bge ieogjtg y bg eh jhturhegzh bg eks k`dgtovks gsthègiobks -p*gd*% jk gs ek cosck bgdhr bg `g`gr qug `g`gr ikjtrkehbhcgjtg> pkr ktrh phrtg% iuhjtk cès hcòioksk sgh ge k`dgtovk cès phsks k su`# k`dgtovks bg`grè ojieuor ge trhthcogjtk phrh su ikjsgiuioùj/* Ge procgr phsk gs sgegiiokjhr hqugeehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs iuyh ckboaoihioùj pgrcotorè ge ihcòk bg ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs y ge ekfrk bg eks k`dgtovks prkpugstks* \kr gdgcpek% gj ge ihsk bg ujh gjurgsos% vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs pugbgj sgr eh aheth bg pgrigpioùj bg ehs sgøhegs bg eh vgdofh eegjh y eh aheth bg ikjsgiugjiohs pkr ckdhr y jk ckdhr eh ihch* Gstg phsk gs eh ikjsg# iugjioh bg eh obgjtoaoihioùj bg ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs ocpkrthjtgs qug mh sobk rgheozhbh gj eh ahsg bg akrcuehioùj bg mopùtgsos*

Wjh vgz sgegiiokjhbhs ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs h ckboaoihr% mhy qug gegfor ehs tïijoihs y eks cgboks qug sg gcpeghrèj phrh ekfrhrek* \hrh geek% mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth eks sofuogjtgs irotgroks4 #

Gaoihioh bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj rgspgitk h ehs vhrohègs h ckboaoihr% h sgr pksoèg ikj ge topk bg ieogjtg ikj ge qug sg gstè trh`hdhjbk*

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Wtoeobhb ieãjoih bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj% gspgiohecgjtg eh fgjgrheozhòeobhb bg eks rgsuethbks bg eh cosch h eks ikjtgxtks ieãjoiks rghegs*

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Gaoiogjioh bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj iuhjtk he togcpk% gsaugrzk y bojgrk rgqugrobks* Bks oj# tgrvgjiokjgs pugbgj sgr ofuhecgjtg gaoihigs% pgrk ujh sgr cès gaoiogjtg*

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\ksoègs gagitks sgiujbhroks pksotovks y jgfhtovks bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj> pkr gdgcpek% gj ikcphrhioùj h ujh gxpksoioùj frhbuhbh ujh ojujbhioùj pugbg prkbuior cuimh hjsogbhb*

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Qhrohègs bge ieogjtg thegs ikck gbhb% rgiursks y eocothiokjgs -ihphiobhb bg hutkikjtrke% jovge ojtgegituhe% ihphiobhb bg ochfojhioùj% togcpk bospkjoèg% muckr bgprocobk/% ckto# vhioùj y higpthòeobhb g ocpkrthjioh qug eks prkigbocogjtks tgrhpïutoiks tgjfhj phrh ïe* \kr gdgcpek% gj aujioùj bge jovge bge ieogjtg sg bgiobg ge egjfuhdg gcpeghbk% so ehs ojs#

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truiiokjgs sg bhj pkr gsirotk k sùek mhèhbhs% so sg gcpeghj cgboks hubokvosuhegs phrh oeustrhrehs y ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug sg rgpotgj* Wj pujtk aujbhcgjthe h tgjgr gj iugjth gs qug so gxostgj bovgrsks trhthcogjtks phrh ikjsgfuor eks k`dgtovks% ge ieogjtg bg`g sgr ojakrchbk bg eks coscks phrh qug pugbh geg# for ge qug prgaogrh* Ygfôj eh Egy 28+0<<0 bg 82 bg jkvogc`rg% `èsoih rgfuehbkrh bg eh Hutkjkcãh bge \hiogjtg y bg Bgrgimks y Kèofhiokjgs gj Chtgroh bg Ojakrchioùj y Bk# iucgjthioùj Ieãjoih -@KG bg 87#88#0<<0/% ge phiogjtg togjg bgrgimk egfhe h bgiobor% bgspuïs bg rgioòr eh ojakrchioùj hbgiuhbh% gjtrg ehs kpiokjgs ieãjoihs bospkjoègs * #

Qhrohègs bge tgrhpguth thegs ikck ikcpgtgjioh gj eh hpeoihioùj bg ehs bovgrshs tïijo# ihs% prgagrgjiohs pkr ujhs u ktrhs y vhekrgs ïtoiks -quozè jk quogrh gcpeghr prkigbocogj# tks hvgrsovks% p*gd*/* Yo ge tgrhpguth jk bkcojh ehs tïijoihs qug phrgigj cès hikjsgdhègs phrh uj ihsk bhbk% pugbg ojtgjthr hprgjbgrehs k so jk% bg`grè bgrovhr he ieogjtg h ktrk prk# agsokjhe*

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Qhrohègs bge cgbok thegs ikck pgrskjhs heegfhbhs qug pugbgj ikeh`krhr k ojtgragror% sgfôj eh higpthòeobhb g ocpkrthjioh qug ehs cgths y prkigbocogjtks tgrhpïutoiks tgjfhj phrh geehs% y ikjtgxtks bg ojtgrvgjioùj bospkjoègs -gsiugeh% trh`hdk% mkspothe% frupk/*

Ge prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk bg`g gspgioaoihr jk sùek quï tïijoihs sg vhj h gcpeghr y phrh quï ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs y vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs% sojk thcòïj iuèe vh h sgr eh sgiugjioh tgcpk# rhe bg ehs tïijoihs hpeoihbhs % ojieuobk hquã ehs qug sg utoeozhrèj socuetèjghcgjtg* Hbgcès% ehs tïijoihs gegfobhs ocpeoihj ujk k cès bg eks sofuogjtgs ckbks bg ojtgrvgjioùj 4 vgr`he -sogcprg sg bh/% ojstofhioùj% rgpeoihioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj borgith4 #

Ojstofhioùj* Ge ieogjtg rgheozh gj su cgbok jhturhe hitovobhbgs ikjvgjobhs ikj ge tgrhpgu# th phrh ikjsgfuor eks ihcòks bgsghbks*

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Pgpeoihioùj* Yg socuehj k rgprgsgjthj gj eh ikjsueth sotuhiokjgs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg ikj prkpùsotks bg ihcòk* \kr gdgcpek% gj eh gxpksoioùj ochfojhe ge ieogjtg ochfojh ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs* Ofuhecgjtg% ge gjtrgjhcogjtk gj mhòeobhbgs skiohegs sg eegvh procg# rk h ih`k gj eh ikjsueth mhsth qug ge ieogjtg sg gjiugjtrh prgphrhbk phrh gxtgjbgrehs h eh vobh rghe*

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Ojtgrvgjioùj borgith* Ge tgrhpguth sg bgspehzh he cgbok bge ieogjtg ikj eh ojtgjioùj bg ckboaoihr eh ikjbuith borgithcgjtg k ògj ehs tïijoihs skj hpeoihbhs gj ge cgbok jhturhe pkr phrtg bg pgrskjhs heegfhbhs -phbrgs% chgstrks% iuobhbkrgs/ ikj eks qug sg mh gcpegh# bk eh ojstofhioùj y+k eh rgpeoihioùj*

Hujqug ge pehj fgjgrhe bg trhthcogjtk h hpeoihr yh gstè hikrbhbk% eh akrch ikjirgth bg eeg# vhrek h ih`k sg vh bosgøhjbk phsk h phsk sofuogjbk eh sgiugjioh tgcpkrhe pehjoaoihbh y bg hiugrbk ikj ehs ojiobgjiohs qug sg vhyhj prkbuiogjbk* H gstg rgspgitk gs ocpkrthjtg hjtoiophr k obgjtoaoihr pkr ujh phrtg g ojtgjthr skeuiokjhr pkr ktrh eks pksoègs k`stèiueks qug pugbhj gxos# tor phrh eh hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk* Hsocosck% mhy qug gxpeoihr y dustoaoihr he ieogjtg -y h ktrhs pgrskjhs qug vhyhj h ikeh`krhr/ ihbh tïijoih gj ge ckcgjtk gj qug gs ojtrkbuiobh y pgboreg qug akrcueg iuhegsquogrh bubhs% prgfujths u k`dgiokjgs qug pugbh tgjgr ikj eh aojheobhb bg qug pugbhj sgr bosiutobhs y pugbh heihjzhrsg uj hiugrbk he rgspgitk* Aojhecgjtg% hujqug pkbrãhj utoeozhrsg bosgøks cgtkbkeùfoiks gxpgrocgjthegs k iuh# so#gxpgrocgjthegs% ek mhòtuhe gj eh ieãjoih iktobohjh gs gcpeghr uj bosgøk jk gxpgrocgjthe -p*gd*% bosgøk prgtgst#pkstgst/* Gstg topk bg bosgøk jk pgrcotg gxtrhgr ikjieusokjgs jo sk`rg eh gaoihioh bge trhthcogjtk jo sk`rg eh vheobgz bg ehs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs*

\rkigsk # 90

Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug eh fgjgrheozhioùj y chjtgjocogjtk bg eks ihcòks pgrsgfuo# bks gs hefk qug bg`g sgr pehjoaoihbk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk gj vgz bg ikjaohr gj qug sg prkbuzihj hutkcètoihcgjtg*

H\EOIHIOÙJ BGE RPHRHCOGJRK _ GQHEWHIOÙJ BWPHJRG GE COYCK Ygh iuhe sgh ge trhthcogjtk h hpeoihr% ehs sgsokjgs bg trhthcogjtk togjgj ujh gstruiturh qug ojieuyg eks sofuogjtgs gegcgjtks -@gin% 8??7+0<<<> Vgees% 8??6/4 #

Pgvosoùj bg hutkojakrcg+s qug ge ieogjtg mh pkbobk ikjtgsthr gj ihsh k dustk hjtgs bg eh sgsoùj* @gin -8??7+0<<
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@rgvg rgvosoùj bg eh sgsoùj hjtgrokr * Yg prgfujth he phiogjtg quï ikshs eg phrgiogrkj ocpkrthjtgs bg eh sgsoùj hjtgrokr y so mhy hefk qug quogrh ikcgjthr* Iuhjbk uj phiogjtg jk rgiugrbh jhbh ocpkrthjtg% sg eg mhigj prgfujths phrh hyubhreg -―»rgiugrbh qug trh`h# dhcks sk`rg…;–/ k sg eg pobg qug rgphsg sus jkths bg eh sgsoùj hjtgrokr% gj ehs qug sg eg poboù qug hpujthrh burhjtg eh sgsoùj eks pujtks ocpkrthjtgs qug augrhj sheogjbk*

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Gsthègiocogjtk bge krbgj bge bãh * Yg trhth bg bgtgrcojhr quï sg vh h mhigr gj eh sgsoùj y gj quï krbgj* Eh aojheobhb gs bkèg4 h/ mhigr qug eh tgrhpoh jk sg bgsvãg bg eh ikjigp# tuheozhioùj bge prkègch y bg eks k`dgtovks gspgiãaoiks pgrsgfuobks% y `/ prkpkriokjhr h eh vgz eh aegxoòeobhb jgigshroh phrh trh`hdhr ikj ktrks prkègchs iuhjbk surfgj y sg ikj# sobgrh ocpkrthjtg bgboihregs htgjioùj -p*gd*% irosos% gcpgkrhcogjtk jkthèg/* Ge krbgj bg eh sgsoùj% hujqug prgvohcgjtg pgjshbk pkr ge tgrhpguth% sg tgrcojh bg gsthègigr bg ik# côj hiugrbk ikj ge phiogjtg* Jhturhecgjtg% gj ehs procgrhs ahsgs bge trhthcogjtk ge tgrh# pguth sgrè cès borgitovk% yh qug ge ieogjtg sh`g pkik sk`rg eh tgrhpoh> gj ihcòk% gj ehs ôetochs ahsgs eh chykr phrtg bg eh rgspkjshòeobhb pugbg rgihgr sk`rg ge phiogjtg*

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Pgvosoùj bg ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs * Yg trhth bg vgr iùck mhj obk ehs hitovobhbgs hikrbhbhs -h trhvïs bg eh rgvosoùj bg eks hutkrrgfostrks ikrrgspkjbogjtgs/% ek qug ge ph# iogjtg mh hprgjbobk bg ehs coschs% eks pksoègs k`stèiueks qug mh mhòbk phrh su rgheozh# ioùj y ehs boaoiuethbgs qug mhj pkbobk surfor he eegvhrehs h ih`k* Bg`grèj ùsihrsg skeu# iokjgs phrh h`krbhr eks prkègchs bgtgithbks*

\rkigsk # 99

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Hpeoihioùj bg tïijoihs gspgiãaoihs * Eh chykrãh bg eh sgsoùj gstè bgboihbh he gcpegk bg tïijoihs borofobhs h trh`hdhr eks pujtks hikrbhbks gj ge krbgj bge bãh* Hsã% sg pugbgj iugs# tokjhr iogrtks pgjshcogjtks jgfhtovks% rgheozhr gxpgrocgjtks ikjbuituhegs bgjtrk bg eh sgsoùj k sgfuor ge prkigsk bg rgskeuioùj bg iogrtks prkègchs yh ojoiohbk gj ujh sg# soùj hjtgrokr* Yo surfgj iugstokjgs jk ikjtgcpehbhs gj ge krbgj bge bãh% tgrhpguth y ph# iogjtg bgiobgj so gs cgdkr sgfuor ikj gstg k ojtrkbuior uj ihcòk* H ek ehrfk bg eh sgsoùj% ge tgrhpguth vh mhiogjbk rgsôcgjgs bg eks pujtks cès ocpkrthjtgs y pobg he phiogjtg qug tkcg jkth bg gstks pujtks k% so gs jgigshrok% eg prkpkriokjh gsths jkths* Hsocosck% sg hsgfurh bg qug ge phiogjtg ikcprgjbg ek qug sg vh mhiogjbk*

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Hiugrbk sk`rg ehs hitovobhbgs h rgheozhr gjtrg sgsokjgs * Ehs hitovobhbgs mhj bg sgr hikrbhbhs% hujqug ge jovge bg ikeh`krhioùj bgpgjbgrè bg eh ahsg bge trhthcogjtk* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs hitovobhbgs bg`gj bgrovhrsg bg ek qug sg mh trh`hdhbk gj eh sgsoùj% gsthr iehrh# cgjtg bgsiroths y dustoaoihbhs% y mhy qug trhthr bg hjtoiophr pksoègs boaoiuethbgs phrh eh rgheozhioùj bg ehs coschs* Rgrhpguth y phiogjtg bg`gj qugbhrsg ikj ujh ikpoh gsiroth bg ehs hitovobhbgs phrh cojocozhr prkègchs bg ojikcprgjsoùj u kevobk* Gj gstg cosck sgj# tobk% pugstk qug eks phiogjtgs rgiugrbhj sùek ujh phrtg cãjoch bg ehs sgsokjgs% ikjvogjg pgboregs qug tkcgj jkths bg eks pujtks ocpkrthjtgs qug vhj sheogjbk burhjtg eh sgsoùj k bhregs ujh iojth bg eh sgsoùj phrh qug eh gsiuimgj y hpujtgj eks hspgitks iehvg y ek qug jk mhj ikcprgjbobk*

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Pgsucgj y rgtrkheocgjthioùj bge phiogjtg* Eh sgsoùj sg tgrcojh pobogjbk he phiogjtg qug rgsuch eks pujtks projiophegs qug mh hprgjbobk k bgsiuògrtk> ge tgrhpguth pugbg hyubhr gj gstg prkigsk mhiogjbk prgfujths y kargiogjbk `rgvgs rgsôcgjgs* Aojhecgjtg% sg prgfujth he phiogjtg sk`rg su rghiioùj fek`he h eh sgsoùj% so mhy hefk qug jk eg mhyh fusthbk y so mhy iugstokjgs qug jk mhj qugbhbk iehrhs k mhj sobk pkik ikjsobgrhbhs* Bg sgr hsã% y so ge togcpk ek pgrcotg% sg kargig eh ojakrchioùj ikrrgspkjbogjtg> so jk gs pkso# èg% phshj h akrchr phrtg bge krbgj bge bãh bg eh sofuogjtg sgsoùj*

Ge tgrhpguth bg`g tkchr jkths bg uj ckbk gsqugcètoik bg ehs sgsokjgs bg trhthcogjtk > uj gdgcpek pugbg vgrsg gj @gin -8??7+0<<<% pèf* =1/* Gj gsths jkths hpujth4 agimh y burhioùj bg eh sgsoùj% rgsucgj bg eks bhtks iuhjtothtovks bg gvheuhioùj% ikcgjthrok bg eh gvkeuioùj bge phiogjtg iuhjbk prgsgjtg ihcòks jkthègs% krbgj bge bãh hikrbhbk% rgvosoùj bg hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs% hiiokjgs k tïijoihs eegvhbhs h ih`k gj eh sgsoùj y rgsuethbks ekfrhbks% pksoèg jugvks prkègchs k boaoiuethbgs surfobks burhjtg eh sgsoùj y pehj phrh skeuiokjhreks% hitovobhbgs gjtrgs sgsokjgs g obghs bg trh`hdk phrh eh sofuogjtg sgsoùj* Burhjtg eh hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk sg sofug eegvhjbk h ih`k ujh gvheuhioùj ikjtojuh bg eks rgsuethbks qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk phrh ikcprk`hr so sg prkbuigj k jk eks ihcòks gj ge sgjto# bk bgsghbk* Gsth gvheuhioùj rgquogrg sgfuor rgikfogjbk bhtks gcpeghjbk hefujk+s bg eks ojstru# cgjtks phshbks gj eh gvheuhioùj ojoiohe % gj projiopok hquge+eks qug sgh+j cès sgjsoèg+s h eks ihcòks h ikrtk pehzk* Ek cès ikcôj gs utoeozhr eh gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks y+k hutkrrgfostrks* Ikjvogjg gjahtozhr qug soj ujh gvheuhioùj ikjtojuh% gs argiugjtg qug eks tgrhpguths jk sg pgrihtgj bg qug uj ieogjtg jk prkfrgsh* Jk gs rhrk qug sg gjfhøgj he rgspgitk bhjbk gxigsovh ocpkrthjioh h pgqugøhs cgdkrhs gs hspgitks jk sofjoaoihtovks k ikjieuygjbk qug uj phiogjtg qug sofug vojogjbk gs pkrqug gstè cgdkrhjbk -\grskjs y Conhco% 0<<0/* Gstks hutkrgs prgsgjthj uj hefkrotck ikj phsks qug hyubhj h prgvgjor% obgjtoaoihr% supgrhr y higpthr ge arhihsk tgrhpïutoik*

Rhùehr eks bhtks qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk y rgprgsgjthr bg akrch frèaoih eks cès ocpkrthj# tgs ikjstotuyg ujh augjtg ojcgbohth bg rgtrkheocgjthioùj phrh ge tgrhpguth y ge ieogjtg y ahioeoth eh bgtgiioùj rèpobh bg eks prkfrgsks k bg eh aheth bg eks coscks* Mhy qug prkiurhr prkckvgr htroù# iokjgs ojtgrjhs phrh eks ekfrks ikjsgfuobks% gs bgior% qug gstks sghj htroùobks pkr ge ieogjtg h su gsaugrzk y trh`hdk pgrskjhe gj vgz bg he tgrhpguth k h ktrhs augjtgs gxtgrjhs* Yo eks rgsuethbks

\rkigsk # 92

phriohegs ojboihj% trhs ge phsk bg uj togcpk rhzkjhèg% qug ge trhthcogjtk gs pkik k jhbh gao# ihz% mhy qug ikjsobgrhr eks sofuogjtgs pujtks4 #

»Ykj gxhitks eks bhtks gj eks qug sg aujbhcgjth eh aheth bg prkfrgsk; »Mhy sgøhegs bg ihcòk qug quozè jk sg mhyhj bgsiuògrtk; \ugbg qug eks cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj jk mhyhj sobk gcpeghbks ikrrgithcgjtg* K ògj eh ikjieusoùj pugbg gsthr `hshbh jk gj bh# tks ikjirgtks% sojk gj ge sgjtocogjtk bge ieogjtg k bge tgrhpguth bg qug jhbh mh ihcòhbk*

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Yo eks bhtks skj ikjirgtks y jk sg hprgioh prkfrgsk% mhy qug prgfujthrsg so ge trhthcogj# tk gstè sogjbk hpeoihbk sgfôj sg mh`ãh pehjghbk* Gs pksoèg qug ge tgrhpguth% ge ieogjtg k pgrskjhs ikeh`krhbkrhs sg hphrtgj bg ehs phuths gsthègiobhs% ek iuhe pugbg sh`grsg h trhvïs bg prgfujths bgtheehbhs y rgfostrks* Yo gs hsã% mhy qug hvgrofuhr ehs rhzkjgs -p*gd*% bïaoiot bg mhòeobhbgs% aheth bg cktovhioùj% cogbks% k`dgiokjgs h eh ojtgrvgjioùj/ y hituhr gj ikjsgiugjioh*

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Yo ge trhthcogjtk gstè sogjbk hpeoihbk ikrrgithcgjtg% pgrk soj rgsuethr gaoihz % mhy qug pehjtghrsg so ikjvogjg ckboaoihr ge trhthcogjtk> pkr gdgcpek% bgboihjbk cès togc# pk h ujh tïijoih% vhrohjbk hspgitks bg ujh tïijoih k ojtrkbuiogjbk ujh tïijoih jugvh* Bg tkbks ckbks% eh cgdkr kpioùj sugeg sgr rgikjsobgrhr eh gvheuhioùj bge prkègch y eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh% ek qug ocpeoih4 h/ gvheuhr bgtheehbhcgjtg pksoègs ahitkrgs qug pugbhj gsthr ojaeuygjbk gj ge prkègch k ojtgraorogjbk gj su trhthcogjtk% y `/ geh`krhr uj jugvk prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk* Gjtrg eks ahitkrgs h gvheuhr gs ocpkrthjtg ikjsobgrhr eks sofuogjtgs4 gstrïs irùjoik% gstrïs hfubk sgvgrk% gjagrcgbhbgs aãsoihs% ihrhitgrãstoihs pgr# skjhegs% pksoègs `gjgaoioks bge trhstkrjk y ktrks prkègchs jk bgtgithbks prgvohcgjtg k qug jk sg mh`ãhj ikjsobgrhbk sofjoaoihtovks> pkr gdgcpek% ktrks trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% aheth bg hsgrioùj% bgprgsoùj% mopkikjbrãh% prkègchs ikjyufhegs% trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheo# bhb% hùsk bg susthjiohs* Yo jojfujh bg ehs kpiokjgs hjtgrokrgs aujiokjh% pugbg ikjsuethrsg ikj ktrk tgrhpguth% ikjsobgrhr ge gcpegk bg cgboihioùj -so jk sg gstè ushjbk yh/ y% gj ihsk jgigshrok% bgrovhr he ieogjtg

Mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth qug ge prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk pugbg sgr ckboaoihbk k sustotuo# bk jk sùek pkr rgsuethr ojgaoihz% sojk thcòïj pkr ktrhs rhzkjgs thegs ikck surfocogjtk bg jugvks prkègchs cès hprgcohjtgs% hphroioùj bg jugvks bhtks qug ckboaoqugj eh sotuhioùj k eh mopù# tgsos gxpeoihtovh -jugvhs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs% ihcòk bg pgsk bg ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs/% gti* Iuhjbk eks bhtks prkpkriokjhbks pkr eh gvheuhioùj burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk ojboihj qug sg mhj heihjzhbk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks -yh sgh tkthecgjtg k eh chykr hprkxochioùj pksoèg h eks coscks/% sg eegvh h ih`k ujh gvheuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk cès bgtheehbh y prgiosh % eh iuhe ikj# aorchrè k jk eh ikjvgjogjioh bg pkjgr aoj h eh tgrhpoh* Jk k`sthjtg% hjtgs bg heihjzhr gstg pujtk% tgrhpguth y ieogjtg bg`gj IKCGJTHP H \EHJOAOIHP EH RGPCOJHIOÙJ BG EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ* Hc`ks bg`gj vhekrhr eks ihcòks ikjsgfuobks% bosiutor ek qug qugbh pkr mhigr% bgdhr iehrk qug sg hprkxoch ge aojhe y ikjsobgrhr eh ikjvgjogjioh bg or gsphiohjbk ge togcpk gjtrg sgsokjgs k sustotuygjbk hefujhs bg gsths pkr ikjthitks tgegaùjoiks ikj ge tgrhpguth* Ikjvogjg bgboihr he cgjks 8#0 sgsokjgs h ahioeothr ge chjtgjocogjtk bg eks rgsuethbks y eh prgvgjioùj bg ehs rgihãbhs> hsã% sg pugbg rgcgckrhr eks prkègchs h`krbhbks y ge trhthcogjtk sgfuobk% bosiutor eks ihcòks ikjsgfuobks y iùck chjtgjgreks% ikcgjthr eks hspgitks h sg# fuor trh`hdhjbk% hjtoiophr pksoègs k`stèiueks% sotuhiokjgs bg rogsfk y ikjtrhtogcpks% rgvoshr ehs gstrhtgfohs -thjtk pgrskjhegs ikck ikj hyubh bg ktrks/ phrh harkjthreks y kargigr eh pksoòeo# bhb bg hiubor h sgsokjgs bg hpkyk k rgheozhr eehchbhs bg hyubh gj ihsk bg boaoiuethbgs ojchjg# dhègs% irosos k rgihãbhs* Ge ieogjtg bg`g hih`hr ge trhthcogjtk ikj eh suaoiogjtg ikjaohjzh gj sus mhòeobhbgs phrh chjtgjgr k sgfuor pktgjiohjbk eks ekfrks tgrhpïutoiks*

\rkigsk # 97

Fgjgrhecgjtg% gs ge ieogjtg quogj gj ôetock tïrcojk bgiobg so eg ikjvogjg ikjtojuhr ikj ge trhthcogjtk% so mh ekfrhbk yh uj prkfrgsk suaoiogjtg k so eg ojtgrgsh h`hjbkjhr eh tgrhpoh pkr ktrks cktovks* Hsã pugs% eh ikjsgiuioùj bg eks k`dgtovks prkpugstks jk gs eh ôjoih rhzùj bg aojheozh# ioùj bge trhthcogjtk* Ktrhs rhzkjgs skj4 h/ Ge tgrhpguth vg qug ge ieogjtg sg gsthjih trhs heihjzhr uj iogrtk prkfrgsk ojsuaoiogjtg h pgshr bg mh`gr ojtrkbuiobk eks ihcòks qug mh ikjsobgrhbk ikjvgjogjtgs* `/ Ge tgrhpguth ikcprug`h qug ge ieogjtg jk ihcòh k ojieusk gcpgkrh trhs uj togcpk rh# zkjhèg bg tgrhpoh h pgshr bg mh`gr ojtrkbuiobk eks ihcòks kpkrtujks* i/ Ge ieogjtg h`hjbkjh ge trhthcogjtk% ek iuhe pugbg sgr bgòbk h ujh bovgrsobhb bg ckto# vks4 shtosahiioùj ikj ek yh ikjsgfuobk -p*gd*% ge ieogjtg irgg qug mh ekfrhbk ujh cgdkrh suaoiogjtg k sg sogjtg ihphz bg sgfuor skek/% bgigpioùj ikj ek ekfrhbk% gsthjihcogjtk bg eks rgsuethbks% gcpgkrhcogjtk% cheh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% aheth bg hiugrbk sk`rg ge trhth# cogjtk k sk`rg ehs cgths% pkih ikjaohjzh gj ge trhthcogjtk% trhthcogjtk cuy gxofgjtg k qug rgquogrg cès gsaugrzk bge qug sg pugbg k bgsgh ojvgrtor% ojtgrvgjioùj bgchsohbk ehr# fh k ikcpegdh% trhthcogjtk ikj gagitks sgiujbhroks ojbgsghbks -p*gd*% hjfustoh% pïrbobh bg ikjtrke pgrskjhe% boscojuioùj bg eh hutkgstoch/% ojtgragrgjioh pkr phrtg bg ktrks -p*gd*% eh phrgdh gjiugjtrh ojjgigshrok sgfuor ikj ge trhthcogjtk/% ktrhs rhzkjgs gxtgrjhs -iugstokjgs gikjùcoihs% mkrhroks% gjagrcgbhb% ihcòk bg eufhr bg rgsobgjioh% ktrhs rgspkjshòeobh# bgs/* Gs ojtgrgshjtg rgchrihr qug eks tgrhpguths gstochj uj pkrigjthdg bg h`hjbkjk bge trhthcogjtk qug gs eh cothb bge qug rghecgjtg sg prkbuig -bge 97' he 17' pkr ek fgjgrhe/* Hsocosck% gj he# fujks gstuboks sg mh prgfujthbk h tgrhpguths y phiogjtgs pkr ehs rhzkjgs bge h`hjbkjk bge trhth# cogjtk* Eks procgrks% gj ikcphrhioùj h eks sgfujbks% cgjiokjhj cès argiugjtgcgjtg eh cgdkrh bge ieogjtg y cgjks argiugjtgcgjtg eh ojshtosahiioùj ikj ge trhthcogjtk k ge tgrhpguth -Rkbb% Bgh# jg y @rhfbkj% 0<<9/* Ktrk bhtk ojtgrgshjtg gs qug h vgigs eks ieogjtgs ojakrchj bg rhzkjgs gxtgr# jhs phrh ge h`hjbkjk% pgrk rghecgjtg ek qug su`yhig gs ujh ojshtosahiioùj ikj eh tgrhpoh*

Eh bgiosoùj bg h`hjbkjhr ge trhthcogjtk pugbg sgr ikcujoihbh borgithcgjtg he tgrh# pguth% pugbg sgr hjujiohbh ojborgithcgjtg -ge ieogjtg gcpogzh h pgrbgr sgsokjgs soj ihush dustoao# ihbh k h prkfrhchrehs ikj cgjks argiugjioh% jk rgheozh ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs% mhèh gj ehs sgsokjgs bg tgchs pkik prkbuitovks% gti*/ k pugbg sgr eegvhbh h ih`k soj jojfôj hvosk* Iuhjbk sg ikjsobgrh qug uj ieogjtg h`hjbkjh prgchturhcgjtg eh tgrhpoh% ikjvogjg pk# jgrsg gj ikjthitk ikj ïe phrh ojtgjthr hvgrofuhr eks cktovks% hjheozhreks% ùsihr pksoègs skeuiok# jgs y% sgfôj eks ihsks% pgboreg qug skpgsg eks prks y ikjtrhs bg sgfuor k jk ikj ge trhthcogjtk* \kr ek qug sg rgaogrg he hjèeosos bg eks cktovks% mh`rè qug ikjsobgrhr% pkr gdgcpek% so eh cgdkrh ikjsg# fuobh gs rghecgjtg suaoiogjtg% so eh bgigpioùj ikj eks rgsuethbks gstè dustoaoihbh k sg `hsh gj gx# pgithtovhs pkik rgheosths sk`rg eh rhpobgz bg eks coscks% so ge gsthjihcogjtk k gcpgkrhcogjtk gs the k socpegcgjtg hefk phshdgrk% ehs pksoègs rhzkjgs phrh eks cheks rgsuethbks% eks hspgitks bge trhthcogjtk k bg eh rgehioùj qug jk skj shtosahitkroks% gti* Gj aujioùj bge hjèeosos hjtgrokr% pksoègs skeuiokjgs skj rggstruiturhr obghs gquovkihbhs y sgfuor ikj ge trhthcogjtk% ojtrkbuior ihcòks gj gstg k gj eh chjgrh bg rgehiokjhrsg ikj ge ieogjtg% ckboaoihr eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks% rgbuior ge ikstg bg ehs sgsokjgs k prgfujthr he ieogjtg so bgsgh ikjtojuhr ge trhthcogjtk ikj ktrk tgrhpguth y% bg sgr hsã% ahioeothreg ujk k cès jkc`rgs so quogrg* Yo ge phiogjtg jk bgsgh ikjtojuhr% mhy qug rgspgthr su bgiosoùj y bgdhr hògrths ehs pugrths h ujh pk# soèg rghjubhioùj bg eh tgrhpoh* Yoj gc`hrfk% gj ge ihsk bg trhstkrjks ikj ocpeoihiokjgs frhvgs so jk skj trhthbks -bgprgsoùj chykr ikj rogsfk bg suoiobok% phobkaoeoh/% mhy qug pkjgr uj gcpgøk gspgiohe gj qug vugevhj h ikjsueth k bgrovhreks h ktrk igjtrk*

\rkigsk # 91

Gj hefujks ihsks ge ieogjtg quogrg sgfuor ikj eh tgrhpoh cogjtrhs qug ge tgrhpguth irgg kpkrtujk aojheozhreh* \ugbg mh`gr vhroks cktovks phrh gstk4 h/ gxostgj ktrks prkègchs qug ge tgrh# pguth jk ikjkig k jk ikjsobgrh ocpkrthjtgs% `/ ge phiogjtg pogjsh qug jk mh cgdkrhbk ek suaoiogj# tg% i/ ge phiogjtg gstè ojsgfurk bg chjtgjgr eh cgdkrh soj eh hyubh bge tgrhpguth% b/ ge ieogjtg mh gsthègiobk ujh rgehioùj bg bgpgjbgjioh ikj ge tgrhpguth% g/ ge tgrhpguth quogrg hih`hr ge trhth# cogjtk pkr rhzkjgs jk tgrhpïutoihs* \ksoègs ojboioks bg bgpgjbgjioh rgspgitk he tgrhpguth mhioh ge aojhe bge trhthcogjtk skj eh rgsostgjioh h hih`hr ge cosck `hsèjbksg gj rhzkjgs vhfhs k pkik ikjvojigjtgs% eh rghphroioùj k ojtgjsoaoihioùj soj ihush hphrgjtg bg prkègchs bge ieogjtg y ge ojtgrïs gj trhthr ktrks prkègchs qug ge tgrhpguth jk vg ikck cktovks bg ikjsueth* Gj gstg ihsk% ikjvogjg hjheozhr eks cktovks bge phiogjtg phrh sgfuor eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% vhekrhr eks prks y eks ikjtrhs bg ikjtojuhr ikj ge trh# thcogjtk y% h phrtor bg hquã% gsthègigr bg cutuk hiugrbk phuths bg hiioùj qug ahvkrgzihj ge ikc# pkrthcogjtk prkfrgsovhcgjtg cès ojbgpgjbogjtg bge ieogjtg*

\hrh prgvgjor k cojocozhr ge prkègch bg bgpgjbgjioh rgspgitk he tgrhpguth % pugbg prkigbgrsg bge sofuogjtg ckbk4 h/ krogjthr prkfrgsovhcgjtg he ieogjtg mhioh ujh vhekrhioùj pksoto# vh bge aujiokjhcogjtk ojbgpgjbogjtg% `/ hegjthr ehs bgckstrhiokjgs prkfrgsovhs bg ojoiohtovh pgr# skjhe% i/ rgbuior prkfrgsovhcgjtg ge phpge dufhbk pkr ge tgrhpguth gj ihbh sgsoùj% b/ bgsvhjgigr frhbuhecgjtg ehs sgsokjgs tgrhpïutoihs gj vgz bg tgrcojhrehs `rusihcgjtg -gs bgior% or hcpeohjbk ge togcpk gjtrg sgsokjgs/% y g/ prkiurhr hehrfhr ek cgjks pksoèg eh burhioùj bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj* Gj kihsokjgs% uj tgrhpguth pugbg qugrgr hih`hr eh ojtgrvgjioùj pkr cktovks jk tgrhpïu# toiks4 h/ ge phiogjtg eg rgsueth hjtopètoik k hùrrobk% `/ ge ieogjtg eg rgiugrbh k mhig rgvovor hefôj prkègch prkpok% i/ gstè phshjbk ujh cheh ïpkih% b/ jk pugbg chjgdhr h uj ieogjtg boaãioe k bg# pgjbogjtg* Gj gstks ihsks% ge tgrhpguth pkbrãh ùsihr supgrvosoùj pkr phrtg bg ktrk prkagsokjhe hjtgs bg qug ge chegsthr sgh thj augrtg qug ge ôjoik rgiursk sgh aojheozhr eh tgrhpoh k bgrovhr he ph# iogjtg* Iuhjbk uj tgrhpguth sh`g ikj hjtgehioùj qug jk pkbrè hih`hr eh tgrhpoh ikj uj phiogjtg -p*gd*% gs uj rgsobgjtg ikj uj togcpk eocothbk bg pgrchjgjioh gj uj igjtrk% vh h trhsehbhrsg% vh h sgr kpgrhbk/% bg`g hbvgrtor he phiogjtg ikj hjtgehioùj y gsthr htgjtk h sus pksoègs rghiiokjgs% hbgehjthreg thcòïj ge jkc`rg bge jugvk tgrhpguth qug eg htgjbgrè% bhreg rgagrgjiohs pksotovhs bge cosck g ojboihreg% so gs pksoèg% qug sg rgheozhrè ikj ge cosck hefujh sgsoùj ikjdujth prgvoh* Iuhjbk sg higrih ge ckcgjtk% mhy qug4 h/ prgsthr htgjioùj h eks pksoègs sgjtocogjtks bg h`hjbk# jk% trostgzh% hjsogbhb% ojsgfurobhb k gjahbk% `/ rgvoshr mhsth bùjbg sg mh eegfhbk% y i/ ikcujoihr gxpgithtovhs pksotovhs sk`rg eh ikjtojuhioùj bge trhthcogjtk ikj ge jugvk tgrhpguth*

EH GQHEWHIOÙJ RPHY GE RPHRHCOGJRK _ EH RGPCOJHIOÙJ BGE COYCK Yg trhth bg vkevgr h hpeoihr eks coscks ojstrucgjtks utoeozhbks gj eh gvheuhioùj prgtrhth# cogjtk phrh vhekrhr eks ihcòks ekfrhbks y ge frhbk gj qug sg mhj ikjsgfuobk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks* Gj eh gvheuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk pugbg ojieuorsg hefujh jugvh cgbobh ikck hefôj iugstokjhrok bg shtosahiioùj ikj ge trhthcogjtk y ujh gsiheh bg vhekrhioùj gj eh qug ieogjtg y tgrh# pguth iheoaoqugj ge frhbk gj qug ge procgrk mh cgdkrhbk gj sus bovgrsks prkègchs y ge frhbk gj qug eg sofugj hagithjbk k pgrtur`hjbk*

Eh gvheuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk gs ocpkrthjtg yh qug pgrcotg sh`gr ge frhbk bg ihcòk ikjsgfuobk y eh cgbobh gj qug sg mhj heihjzhbk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks* Gsth ojakrchioùj bg`g sgr ikcphrtobh ikj ge phiogjtg* \kr ktrh phrtg% so sg mh gcpeghbk uj bosgøk bg ojvgstofhioùj gxpg#

\rkigsk # 96

rocgjthe% iksh gxtrgchbhcgjtg ojargiugjtg gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih mhòtuhe% sg pkbrè4 h/ vhekrhr eh gaoihioh bge trhthcogjtk hpeoihbk -gs bgior% so ge ihcòk ikjsgfuobk gs htroùoèg he trhthcogjtk hpeoihbk/ y+k `/ ikjtrhsthr ehs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs* Wj socpeg bosgøk prg#pkst jk pgrcotg gx# trhgr ikjieusokjgs sk`rg gstks hspgitks* \hrh bgiobor ge jovge bg ihcòk ekfrhbk gj ehs bostojths vhrohègs bgpgjbogjtgs pugbg sgfuorsg uj irotgrok iuhjtothtovk y uj irotgrok ieãjoik#skiohe*

HJÈEOYOY IWHJRORHROQK BG EKY PGYWERHBKY Ge irotgrok iuhjtothtovk ocpeoih ikcphrhr eks bhtks pkstrhthcogjtk ikj eks bhtks k`tgjobks gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk k% so gs ge ihsk% ikj eks bhtks k`tgjobks gj uj frupk bg ikjtrke -p*gd*% bg eosth bg gspgrh/* Eh ikcphrhioùj pugbg mhigrsg h jovge frèaoik k gsthbãstoik* Wj cïtkbk sgjioeek bg ekfrhr gstk gs iheiuehr ge pkrigjthdg bg cgdkrh rgsthjbk eh pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk bg eh pujtuhioùj prgtrhthcogjtk y bovobogjbk gstg rgsuethbk pkr eh pujtuhioùj prgtrhthcogjtk* Yg ikjso# bgrh qug mh mhòbk ujh cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh so ge pkrigjthdg rgsuethjtg gs ofuhe k chykr qug uj bgtgrcojhbk vhekr hròtrhrok% ge iuhe mh vhrohbk% sgfôj eks hutkrgs% bge 0<' he 7<'* Ktrk cïtkbk gs utoeozhr ge ãjboig bg ihcòk gsthbãstoihcgjtg aohèg qug sg bgsiro`g cès h`hdk* Iuhjbk sg gcpeghj vhrohs cgbobhs% pugbg bhrsg uj pujtk pkr ihbh ujh bg geehs gj qug mhyh mhòbk uj ihc# òk iuhjtothtovk y iheiuehr uj jovge bg cgdkrh sgfôj ge jôcgrk bg pujtks k`tgjobk* \ugbg vgrsg uj gdgcpek cès h`hdk% iuhjbk sg mhèh bg eks irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe -jo# vge bg cgdkrh/*

Yo ge pksoèg ihcòk iuhjtothtovk k`sgrvhbk quogrg htroùorsg he trhthcogjtk % sgrè jgigsh# rok qug sg iucpehj eks rgquosotks bge bosgøk gxpgrocgjthe qug sg mhyh gcpeghbk -so gs ge ihsk/* \kr gdgcpek% gj uj bosgøk H#@#H#@ eks bhtks bg`gj rgvgrtor gj eh sgfujbh ahsg H y heihjzhr gj eh sgfujbh ahsg @ he cgjks ge jovge bg gdgiuioùj heihjzhbk gj eh procgrh ahsg @* Gj uj bosgøk bg eãjgh `hsg côetopeg h trhvïs bg ikjbuiths% gsths bg`gj ihcòhr iuhjbk sg egs hpeoih ge trhthcogjtk y jk hjtgs* Yo sg prkbuig ge ihcòk gspgrhbk% pgrk jk sg mh utoeozhbk uj bosgøk gxpgrocgjthe k jk sg mhj iucpeobk eks rgquosotks bge cosck% ge ihcòk jk pkbrè sgr htroùobk ojgquãvkihcgjtg he trhthcogjtk*

QHEKPHIOÙJ IEÃJOIK#YKIOHE BG EKY PGYWERHBKY Ge irotgrok iuhjtothtovk gs jgigshrok% pgrk jk suaoiogjtg% yh qug jk `hsth ikj qug mhyh uj ihcòk% sojk qug hbgcès gstg bg`g sgr ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk* \kr gdgcpek% och# fojgcks qug eh bgprgsoùj augrh cgbobh hbgiuhbhcgjtg ikj ujh gsiheh bg < h 8< y qug uj phiogjtg k`togjg uj jovge prkcgbok bg ? burhjtg eh eãjgh `hsg y bg 6 trhs ge trhthcogjtk* Eh boagrgjioh gs iehrh% pgrk bg pkih rgegvhjioh% yh qug ge phiogjtg sofug gsthjbk cuy bgprocobk* Yg rgqugrorãh% quozè% ujh cgdkrh bg 2 pujtks hjtgs bg qug ge ihcòk augrh ikjsobgrhbk ieãjoihcgjtg ocpkrthjtg y ujh cgdkrh bg 1 pujtks hjtgs bg qug ge ihcòk augrh vostk ikck tkthecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk bgsbg uj pujtk bg vosth ieãjoik#skiohe* Gj eh frèaoih sofuogjtg pugbg vgrsg eh gvkeuioùj bge pgsk bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pkstrhthcogjtk bg trgs imoihs hjkrïxoihs bg 8%17 cgtrks bg heturh y 2<%= nf bg pgsk he ojoiok bge trhthcogjtk* Yu Ãjboig bg Chsh Ikrpkrhe ÔCI 3 \gsk -gj noeks/ + Heturh 0 -gj cgtrks/S grh 82%??% ojboihtovk bg uj ojarhpgsk frhvg* Gj eks trgs ihsks mhy uj ihcòk iuhjtothtovk trhbuiobk gj ujh fhjhjioh bge 89%0'% 01%6' y 2<%0' bge pgsk ojoiohe rgspgitovhcgjtg* Hmkrh ògj% gj ge procgr ihsk eh fhjhjioh bg pgsk mh sobk ojsuaoiogjtg% yh qug sofug gsthjbk bgjtrk bg eh ihtgfkrãh bg ojarhpgsk frhvg* Ge sgfujbk y tgrigr ihsks rgprgsgjthj gdgcpeks bg ihcòk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% yh qug jk prg# sgjthj ojarhpgsk pgeofrksk> ge ihcòk gs gspgiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gj ge ôetock ihsk pugstk qug

\rkigsk # 9=

sg mh sotuhbk gj eh ihtgfkrãh bg pgsk sheubhèg* Ge hucgjtk bg pgsk gs aujbhcgjthe gj ge trhthcogjtk bg eh hjkrgxoh* Bg tkbks ckbks% ikjvog# jg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ge pgsk jk gs eh ôjoih vhrohèg h ikjsobgrhr h eh mkrh bg bgiobor so sg mh ikjsgfuobk uj ihcòk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk* Ge ihcòk gj ge pgsk bg`grãh or hikcphøhbk pkr eh ckboaoihioùj bg eh prgkiuphioùj gxigsovh pkr ge pgsk y eh aofurh% y ge gsthègiocogjtk bg mèò# tks heocgjthroks hbgiuhbks* Hsocosck% sgrãh bgsghèg ikjsgfuor ihcòks gj ktrks hspgitks mhò# tuhecgjtg hetgrhbks thegs ikck ge gsthbk gckiokjhe jgfhtovk% ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs% gti* Frèaoih* Gdgcpeks bg ihcòks ikj y soj sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe*

Hsã pugs% eks ihcòks gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs bg`gj sgr bg the chfjotub qug supkjfhj ujh rgskeuioùj k he cgjks ujh cgdkrh susthjiohe bg eks prkègchs phrh eks qug sg mh hpeoihbk eh ojtgrvgjioùj* \kr thjtk% ge irotgrok ieãjoik#skiohe ocpeoih ujh ikcphrhioùj gjtrg ge ihcòk ekfrhbk y ge jovge bg ihcòk rgqugrobk phrh qug bgshphrgzihj k sg rgbuzihj jkthègcgjtg eks prkègchs trhthbks* K% gj ktrhs pheh`rhs% ujh ikcphrhioùj gjtrg ek qug sg mh ekfrhbk y eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks prkpugstks -bhbk qug gstks mhyhj sobk ògj gegfobks/* Ikck sgøheh Nhzboj -8???/% eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih sg rgaogrg h eh ocpkrthjioh prèitoih bge gagitk bg eh ojtgr# vgjioùj% gs bgior% h so gsth prkbuig uj ocphitk jkthèg k phephèg gj eh vobh bohroh bge phiogjtg k bg ktrks ikj eks qug gstg ojtgrhitôh* \hrh ikjieuor qug mh mhòbk uj ihcòk ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk % sg rgquogrg gj procgr eufhr qug mhyh mhòbk ujh cgdkrh gsthbãstoihcgjtg aohèg% hujqug gj kihsokjgs sg mhj utoeozhbk ktrks irotgroks bg cgdkrh4 h/ pkrigjthdg bg cgdkrh supgrokr h uj bgtgrcojhbk vhekr hrò# trhrok% ge iuhe mh ksioehbk gjtrg ge 0<' y ge 7<'> `/ vhekrhioùj qug mhig ge ieogjtg% pgrskjhs gj ikjthitk ikj gstg -ojieuobk ge tgrhpguth/ k dugigs qug jk eg ikjkigj sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug ge ph# iogjtg mh ihcòhbk gj eks prkègchs bg ojtgrïs -phrh cgdkr k pgkr/* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge frhbk bg cgdkrh ikjsgfuobk pugbg sgr ojsuaoiogjtg y jk boig jhbh sk`rg so ge jovge aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gs hbgiuhbk k jk* \kr ek thjtk% sg jgigsoth hbgcès gcpeghr ujk k cès bg eks sofuogjtgs cgboks -phrh ujh rgvosoùj% vïhsg Kfegs% Eujjgj y @kjgstgge% 0<<8/4 8/ Ikcphrhioùj bge aujiokjhcogjtk bge ieogjtg gj ehs èrghs bg ojtgrïs ikj ge bg uj frupk jkrchtovk ikjstotuobk pkr pgrskjhs bg ihrhitgrãstoihs socoehrgs h ïe% pgrk qug jk prgsgj# thj ge prkègch* H vgigs% ge frupk jkrchtovk gstè akrchbk pkr pgrskjhs bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% soj gxieuor h eks qug thcòïj pubogrhj prgsgjthr prkègchs socoehrgs* Gj gstg ih# sk% ge irotgrok jk gs thj rofurksk* 0/ Ikcphrhioùj bge aujiokjhcogjtk bge ieogjtg gj ehs èrghs bg ojtgrïs ikj ge prgaodhbk hrò#

\rkigsk # 9? trhrohcgjtg pkr uj frupk bg gxpgrtks*

9/ Qhekrhioùj qug mhig ge ieogjtg k pgrskjhs gj ikjthitk ikj gstg -ojieuobk ge tgrhpguth/ sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug eks prkègchs bge phiogjtg sofugj sogjbk ocpkrthjtgs g ojih# phiothjtgs> pkr gdgcpek% gj ujh gsiheh bg < -Ge prkègch yh jk gxostg* Jk cg pgrtur`h jo cg hagith/ h = -Gs frhvg* Cg pgrtur`h k ojihphioth cuimãsock/* Gstg irotgrok jk rgaegdh uj ihcòk gj cgbobhs sojtkcètoihs% ikck pugbg sgr ge ihsk bg eks bks irotgroks hjtgrokrgs% sojk ge frhbk gj qug ge ieogjtg y+u ktrhs pgrskjhs ikjsobgrhj qug ge ihcòk mh sobk ocpkr# thjtg y mh tgjobk uj ocphitk gj su vobh bohroh* Jhturhecgjtg% ehs gvheuhiokjgs mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg y pkr ktrhs pgrskjhs jk togjgj pkr quï ikojiobor% yh qug gstèj ojaeuobhs pkr vhrohègs y sgsfks boagrgjtgs* \kr gdgcpek% uj ieogjtg pugbg bgior qug su prkègch eg pgrtur`h pkik socpegcgjtg pkr hfrhbgiocogjtk mhioh ge tgrhpguth k pkrqug irgg qug gs ek qug sg gspgrh qug bofh* \kr ktrh phrtg% iuhjbk ehs gvheuhiokjgs skj mgimhs pkr ktrhs pgrskjhs% gsths pugbgj thrbhr gj bhrsg iugjth bg eks ihcòks ikjsgfuobks pkr ge ieogjtg* Aojhecgjtg% ehs vhekrhiokjgs bg phiogjtgs y tgrhpgu# ths pugbgj bovgrfor iehrhcgjtg pkr gsthr `hshbhs gj irotgroks boagrgjtgs* 2/ Qhekrhioùj qug mhigj dugigs qug jk ikjkigj he ieogjtg sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug gstg togjg uj aujiokjhcogjtk hbgiuhbk gj ehs èrghs bg ojtgrïs k prgsgjth bgtgrcojhbks prkègchs* Wj ihsk gspgiohe bg gstk ôetock gs gsthègigr so uj phiogjtg prgsgjth k jk ge bohfjùstoik bge trhstkrjk pkr ge qug mh sobk trhthbk* Yoj gc`hrfk% ikjvogjg sgøhehr qug h pgshr bg jk prgsgjthr yh uj bgtgrcojhbk bohfjùstoik -p*gd*% hfkrhakòh/% ujh pgrskjh pug# bg sgr cès socoehr h eks hfkrhaùòiks qug h eks jk hfkrhaùòiks gj vhrohègs rgegvhjtgs phrh ge bohfjùstoik> gs bgior% pugbg sgfuor prgsgjthjbk sãjtkchs rgsobuhegs ocpkrthjtgs* Bgòbk h gstk% sgfuor prgsgjthjbk k jk iogrtk bohfjùstoik jk gs uj irotgrok rofurksk bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* H ikjtojuhioùj vgrgcks gdgcpeks bg eks bks procgrks cgboks% eks iuhegs skj k`dgtovks* Bg tkbks ckbks% sgh iuhe sgh ge qug sg utoeoig% ikjvogjg qug sgh ikcpegcgjthbk ikj ge gcpegk bge tgrigr topk bg irotgrok -y voigvgrsh% yh qug gstg ôetock gs thcòïj ojsuaoiogjtg/* Eh rhzùj gs qug eks bks procgrks irotgroks sugegj gjahtozhr eh rgbuiioùj bg sãjtkchs k eocothrsg h eh cosch h gxpgjshs bge bgtgrokrk qug eks ieogjtgs prgsgjthj gj sus hitovobhbgs pgrskjhegs% eh`krhegs% hihbï# coihs% ahcoeohrgs% skiohegs% gti* Hujqug sãjtkchs y bgtgrokrk sugegj gsthr rgehiokjhbks% gsth rgeh# ioùj pugbg jk sgr cuy heth* Ikck haorch Nhzboj -8???/% uj trhthcogjtk pugbg rgbuior eks sãjtk# chs h uj jovge jkrchtovk y jk hagithr sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg he jovge bg bgtgrokrk k jk rgbuior eks sãjtkchs h jovge jkrchtovk% pgrk cgdkrhr ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge phiogjtg gj su vobh bohroh*

Irotgroks gsthjbhrozhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe Dhik`skj% Akeegttg y Pgvgjstkra -8?=2% 8?=1/% Dhik`skj y Pgvgjstkra -8?==/% Dhik`skj y Rruhx -8??8/ y Dhik`skj gt he* -8???/ mhj prkpugstk eh hbkpioùj bg irotgroks gsthjbhrozhbks phrh gvheuhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* Ygfôj gstks hutkrgs% bg`gj iucpeorsg bks irotgroks% eks iuhegs sg rgaogrgj he frhbk bg ihcòk ikjsgfuobk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk y he jovge h`skeutk bg aujiokjh# cogjtk trhs ge trhthcogjtk* Ge irotgrok bge frhbk bg ihcòk ikjsgfuobk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk ikjsostg gj uj ãjboig bg ihcòk gsthbãstoihcgjtg aohèg -OIGA/ qug sg iheiueh bovobogjbk eh boagrgjioh gjtrg eh pujtuh# ioùj pkstgst y eh pujtuhioùj prgtgst pkr ge grrkr gstèjbhr bg eh boagrgjioh -Y boa / gjtrg ehs bks puj# tuhiokjgs* Gstg grrkr gs ofuhe he grrkr gstèjbhr bg cgboioùj -Y G/ cuetopeoihbk pkr eh rhãz iuhbrhbh bg 0> h su vgz% ge grrkr gstèjbhr bg cgboioùj gs ofuhe h eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih -BR/ bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe k bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe gj ge prgtgst cuetopeoihbh pkr eh rhãz iuhbrhbh bge rgsue#

\rkigsk # 2<

thbk bg rgsthr bg ujk eh aohòeobhb tgst#rgtgst -r xx/ bg eh cgbobh ikjsobgrhbh* Yo ge OIGA gxigbg ¸8%?1% pugbg ikjieuorsg qug ge ihcòk gs aohèg -p 5 <%<7/> gstg ihcòk ocpeoih cgdkrh so gs gj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb k gcpgkrhcogjtk so vh gj eh borgiioùj ikjtrhroh* OIGA 3

-pkst/ # -prg/ Yboa

Yboa 3 YG ∔0 YG 3 BR ∔ 8 # r xx Qghcks uj gdgcpek* Wj phiogjtg phsh bg ?0 h 8<8 -cgdkrh ? pujtks/ gj eh Gsiheh bg Hdustg Boèboik bg Yphjogr% eh iuhe togjg ujh hcpeotub tgùroih bg < h 878* Ikck ge grrkr gstèjbhr bg eh boagrgjioh gjtrg eh pujtuhioùj pkstgst y prgtgst gs 7% ge OIGA gs ofuhe h ?+7 ù 8‟=% ek qug ojboih uj ihcòk qug jk vh cès heeè bg ehs aeuituhiokjgs prkpohs bg uj ojstrucgjtk bg cgboioùj qug jk gs bge tkbk prgiosk* Hmkrh ògj% ikj ujh cgdkrh bg 8< pujtks% ge OIGA gs ofuhe h 0% ek qug rgaegdh uj ihcòk aohèg y rghe qug gs ocprk`hèg qug sgh bgòbk he grrkr bg cgboioùj* Ge OIGA gs uj irotgrok cuy gstroitk phrh ehs cgbobhs qug togjgj ujh `hdh aohòeobhb * Hbg# cès% gj ktrhs cgbobhs pugbg jk sgr heihjzhbk pkr gagitks bg sugek k bg tgimk > gs bgior% phrh ehs pgrskjhs qug pujtôhj ckbgrhbhcgjtg gj boimhs cgbobhs gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk% ge ãjboig pugbg rgqugror uj chykr frhbk bg ihcòk qug ge qug sg pugbg heihjzhr gj boimhs cgbobhs> gj gstks ih# sks% pugbg bhrsg ikck iucpeobk ge irotgrok so sg heihjzh eh pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk cãjoch k cèxoch sgfôj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb* \kr ktrh phrtg% ikjvogjg gjahtozhr qug ge OIGA pgrcotg sh`gr so uj phiogjtg mh cgdkrhbk -k gcpgkrhbk/ bg ckbk gsthbãstoihcgjtg aohèg% pgrk pkr sã skek jk boig so ge ihcòk mh sobk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk k jk * \hrh bgiobor gstk% bg`g iucpeorsg thcòïj ge irotgrok rgagrobk he jovge h`skeutk bg aujiokjhcogjtk trhs ge trhthcogjtk* Gstg sgfujbk irotgrok ocpeoih qug ge ieogjtg sheg bg eh bostroùioùj bg eh pkèhioùj bosauj# iokjhe k% cgdkr hôj% phsh bg eh bostroùioùj bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe h eh aujiokjhe burhj# tg ge iursk bge trhthcogjtk gj iuhequogr vhrohèg qug sg gstï utoeozhjbk phrh cgbor ge prkègch* Gstg irotgrok pugbg kpgrhiokjheozhrsg bg trgs chjgrhs4

h/ Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstgst bg`g ihgr augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèh# ioùj bosaujiokjhe* Eh hcpeotub sg gxtogjbg mhsth bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj gj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh co# bg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg rgsthj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`h# dk bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% sg suchj bks bgsvoh# iokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr gjioch bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pkèhioùj bosauj# iokjhe* `/ Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstgst bg`g ihgr bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk# èhioùj aujiokjhe* Eh hcpeotub ikcogjzh bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh bosaujiokjheobhb* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrh# bh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg suchj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpo# ihs h eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgrsk# jh bg`g sgr ofuhe k ojagrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjk# cãh/% sg rgsthj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgrskjh bg`g sgr ofuhe k supgrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobg#

\rkigsk # 28

rhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe* Cuimhs vgigs jk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe k shjh ’hqugeeh qug jk prgsgjth jojfôj trhstkrjk -k% he cgjks% jk ge trhstkrjk bg ojtgrïs/’% sojk sùek bg eh pk# èhioùj fgjgrhe% eh iuhe ojieuyg h pgrskjhs qug pugbgj tgjgr ge prkègch h jovge ieãjoik k suìeãjoik* Iuhjbk eks bhtks prkvgjfhj bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% phrgig prgagroèg su# chr k rgsthr ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih h eh cgboh gj vgz bg bks > bg gstg ckbk% sg togjg ujh chykr prk`hòeobhb bg sgegiiokjhr ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg ehs pgrskjhs soj prkègchs k ikj cgjks prkègchs*

i/ Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstgst gs cès prk`hèg qug ihofh gj eh bostroùioùj aujiokjhe qug gj eh bosaujiokjhe* Gstg gs ge irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb -IA/ cgjks hrò# trhrok* Yg bgaojg bg eh sofuogjtg chjgrh% supkjogjbk qug hc`hs bostroùiokjgs sofugj eh egy jkrche4 IA 3

Cb x BRa . Ca x BRb BRa . BRb

sogjbk Cb y BRb eh cgboh y bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pkèhioùj k frupk bosaujiokjhe y C a y BRa eh cgboh y bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pkèhioùj k frupk aujiokjhe* Wj ieogjtg iuyh puj# tuhioùj pkstgst vhyh cès heeè bge vhekr bge irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb gj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh bostroùioùj bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe% gj eh vhrohèg qug sg gstï ikjsobgrhjbk% qug h eh bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe* Hsã pugs% so eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`hdk bge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gs cès prk`hèg qug pgr# tgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pk# sotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr gjioch bge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh ikj# sobgrhr qug gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe* Iuhjbk jk mhy bh# tks bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe% sg utoeozhj eks bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Ehs trgs akrchs bg kpgrhiokjheozhr ge sgfujbk irotgrok prkpkriokjhj pujtks bg ikrtg qug pugbgj sgr cuy bostojtks % the ikck pugbg hprgiohrsg gj eh aofurh*

\rkigsk # 20

Dhik`skj y Rruhx -8??8/ sgøhehj iuèjbk gs rgikcgjbhèg utoeozhr ihbh ujk bg eks trgs irotgroks h% ` y i4

#

Eks irotgroks ` y i skj prgagroègs he h iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg ehs jkrchs jgigshrohs phrh iheiuehreks% yh qug pgrcotgj sotuhr he ieogjtg ikj rgehioùj h eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe gj vgz bg sh`gr socpegcgjtg so ihg k jk augrh bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe*

#

Ge irotgrok i gs prgagroèg he ` iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe y bg eh bosaujiokjhe sg skehphj% ek iuhe gs mhòtuhe gj cuimãsocks prkègchs* Iuhjbk ehs bostro# ùiokjgs sg supgrpkjgj% ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe qug pujtôhj cès hetk gj ujh bgtgrcojhbh cgbobh gj eh borgiioùj bg eh bosaujiokjheobhb k`togjgj pujtuhiokjgs so# coehrgs h ehs bg ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe qug pujtôhj cès `hdk gj boimh cgbobh* Gstk gs bgòbk h qug ehs cgbobhs utoeozhbhs jk togjgj uj pkbgr bosirocojhjtg ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg shtosahitkrok y h qug eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe% iuhjbk sg obgjtoaoih ikj pk# èhioùj fgjgrhe% ojieuyg uj iogrtk jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj prgsgjthr h jovge ieãjo# ik k suìeãjoik ge prkègch ikjsobgrhbk*

#

Ge irotgrok ` gs ge cgdkr iuhjbk jk mhy skehphcogjtk% the ikck pugbg kiurror gj ge ihsk bg prkègchs cuy frhvgs -p*gd*% hutosck% gsquozkargjoh/* Gs ge irotgrok cès ehxk iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs sg skehphj*

#

Ge irotgrok h pugbg utoeozhrsg iuhjbk sg ihrgig bg jkrchs bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe* Gs ge irotgrok cès gstroitk iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs sg skehphj* Wj prkègch ikj gstg irotgrok iuhjbk eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih gs frhjbg ikj rgehioùj h eh cgboh gs qug ge pujtk bg ikrtg pugbg sgr ojagrokr h eh pujtuhioùj cãjoch bge iugstokjhrok> gj gstg ihsk% y so jk mhy cès rgcgbok qug gcpeghr gstg irotgrok% pugbg rgsthrsg bg eh cgboh ujh gj vgz bg bks bgsvoh# iokjgs tãpoihs*

Ygh iuhe sgh ge irotgrok gegfobk% eh obgh qug su`yhig trhs tkbks geeks gs qug sùek mhy sofjoaoih# ioùj ieãjoih so uj ieogjtg mh sk`rgphshbk hefôj vhekr h`skeutk bg cgdkrh qug eg ikekqug gj eh pk# èhioùj aujiokjhe* Yoj gc`hrfk% ikjvogjg sgøhehr qug thcòïj pugbg mhèhrsg bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih so uj ieogjtg ikjsofug uj ihcòk ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg ocpkrthjtg% hujqug jk thj frhjbg ikck phrh sotuhrek gj eh bostroùioùj aujiokjhe> uj gdgcpek sgrãh ge bg uj phiogjtg frhvgcgjtg bgprocobk y mkspotheozhbk qug cgdkrh ek suaoiogjtg ikck phrh rgiupgrhr su vobh jkrche% hujqug sofug prgsgjthjbk sãjtkchs bgprgsovks* Bgaojor eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih gxieusovhcgjtg ikck uj rgtkrjk he aujiokjhcogjtk jkrche jk gs hprkpohbk phrh tkbks eks trhstkrjks% gspgiohecgjtg phrh hqugeeks qug skj irùjoiks y frhvgs ikck eh gsquozkargjoh y ge hutosck* \kr ktrh phrtg% ikck sgøheh Nhzboj -8???/% jk sogcprg eh rgbuiioùj bg eks sãjtkchs gs ge projiophe k`dgtovk bg eh tgrhpoh * \ugbg sgr qug eks sãjtkchs gstïj gcpgkrhjbk y qug ge trhth# cogjtk bgtgjfh k rgthrbg gstg gcpgkrhcogjtk* K ògj% eks ieogjtgs pugbg prgsgjthr prkègchs qug gs boaãioe k ocpksoèg ckboaoihr -p*gd*% bgsaofurhioùj% pïrbobh bg ckvoeobhb% gjagrcgbhb ojiurhèg prkpoh k bg uj heegfhbk% pïrbobh bg uj sgr qugrobk% iuephòeobhb pkr ujh cheh hiioùj/% pgrk qug pugbgj hprgjbgr h harkjthr ckboaoihjbk eh akrch qug togjgj bg vovgjiohr eks coscks y bg rghi# iokjhr hjtg geeks* Gsth akrch bg vovgjiohr y rghiiokjhr ikjstotuorãh gj gstks ihsks ge vgrbhbgrk prkègch* Ikjvogjg sgøhehr qug iucpeor ge irotgrok h% ` k i gj ujh cgbobh jk pgrcotg pkr sã skek mhèhr bg gagitk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk> sg rgquogrg hbgcès qug mhyh mhòbk ujh cgdkrh gsthbãstoihcgjtg aohèg gj eh cosch% cès heeè bg ek qug sgrãh gspgrhèg pkr hzhr k pkr ge grrkr bg cgboioùj* H phrtor bg gstks bks irotgroks% uj phiogjtg pugbg sgr iehsoaoihbk ikck4 h/ Pgiupgrhbk4 cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh gj eh cgbobh bg ojtgrïs sgfôj ge OIGA y jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk bgjtrk bg eh bostroùioùj aujiokjhe* `/ Cgdkrhbk4 cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh sgfôj ge OIGA y jovge bg aujiokjhcogj#

\rkigsk # 29

tk bgjtrk bg eh bostroùioùj bosaujiokjhe* i/ Yoj ihcòk4 husgjioh bg ihcòk sofjoaoihtovk sgfôj ge OIGA% sgh iuhe sgh eh bostroùioùj gj eh qug sg sotôh ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk* b/ Bgtgrokrhbk4 gcpgkrhcogjtk sofjoaoihtovk sgfôj ge OIGA* -Wj bgtgrokrk gj ge sgfuocogjtk dujtk h uj ihcòk bg eh bostroùioùj aujiokjhe h eh bostroùioùj bosaujiokjhe gquovhebrãh h ujh rgihãbh*/ \ugbg ikjs# truorsg ujh k cès frèaoihs qug pgrcoth or vogjbk eh gvkeuioùj bg uj phiogjtg gj eh cgbobh k cgbo# bhs bg ojtgrïs h trhvïs bg suigsovhs gvheuhiokjgs -vïhsg eh aofurh 7/> eh rgtrkheocgjthioùj qug prkpkriokjh gsth aofurh gs ôtoe phrh qug ge tgrhpguth hbkptg cgbobhs gj aujioùj bge ihcòk k`sgr# vhbk* Eh prkpugsth bg Dhik`skj rgquogrg tgjgr bhtks jkrchtovks bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe y bos# aujiokjhe% hefk pkik argiugjtg% gspgiohecgjtg gj ge ôetock ihsk* Hbgcès% iuhjbk gxostgj% gs arg# iugjtg qug eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe -g ojieusk bg eh aujiokjhe/ prkvgjfhj bg cugs# trhs phrtoiuehrgs% cuimhs vgigs pgqugøhs% gj vgz bg sgr hutïjtoiks bhtks jkrchtovks k`tgjobks bg cugstrhs jucgrkshs heghtkrohcgjtg sgegiiokjhbhs* 1 Ktrks prkègchs skj eks sofuogjtgs4 #

Xuï cgbobhs sgegiiokjhr phrh gvheuhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* \hrh ihbh pksoèg trhstkr# jk k prkègch pugbgj ikjsobgrhrsg boagrgjtgs hspgitks -p*gd*% hjsogbhb% gvothioùj% ojtgr# prgthiokjgs jgfhtovhs% bgtgrokrk/ y phrh ihbh ujk bg gstks pugbg mh`gr bovgrshs cgbobhs vèeobhs -p*gd*% bostojtks iugstokjhroks bg bgprgsoùj/* Hbgcès% gxostgj bovgrshs augjtgs bg ojakrchioùj qug pugbgj tgjgrsg gj iugjth -ieogjtg% pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% tgrhpguth% k`sgr# vhbkrgs% chgstrks% gjagrcgrhs% gti*/* Yghj iuhegs sghj ehs cgbobhs sgegiiokjhbhs% bg`gj gsthr rgehiokjhbhs ikj cgths tgrhpïutoihs ocpkrthjtgs y bg`g mh`gr prug`hs bg qug rgaeg# dhj uj ihcòk ocpkrthjtg gj ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge phiogjtg gj su vobh bohroh* Gj gstg sgjtobk% ehs cgbobhs bg sãjtkchs bg`gj sgr ikcpegcgjthbhs ikj ktrhs4 aujiokjhcogjtk hbhpthtovk% bgtgrokrk% iheobhb bg vobh% shtosahiioùj ikj eks rgsuethbks% ocphitk bg gstks sk`rg ktrhs pgrskjhs -Fehbos gt he*% 8???> Nhzboj% 8???/*

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Iùck ikcòjhr ehs cgbobhs sgegiiokjhbhs y quï mhigr iuèjbk ujhs ihcòhj y ktrhs jk* Iuhjbk ehs cgbobhs sg rgaogrgj he cosck ikjstruitk -p*gd*% gvothioùj hfkrhaùò# ih/% pugbg iheiuehrsg ujh pujtuhioùj ikcpugsth -vïhsg Dhik`skj y Pgvgjstkra% 8?==/* Iuhjbk ehs cgbobhs rgaegdhj boagrgjtgs ikjstruitks% gs cgdkr jk ikcòjhrehs% yh qug jk gs bg gspgrhr qug eks phiogjtgs ihcògj ofuhecgjtg gj tkbhs geehs> gs cgdkr gjtkjigs ihe# iuehr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih phrh ihbh ujh* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% hefujks ieãjoiks ikjsobg# rhj qug uj phiogjtg sg mh rgiupgrhbk gj fgjgrhe so mh ikjsgfuobk uj ihcòk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gj eh chykrãh bg ehs cgbobhs ikjsobgrhbhs* \ugbg vgrsg uj gdgcpek uj pkik cès h`hdk% iuhjbk sg mhèh bg eks irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe -gs# thbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk/* Yghj iuhegs sghj ehs cgbobhs utoeozhbhs% phrh ikjsobgrhr h uj phiogjtg tkthecgjtg rgiupgrhbk bg`grãh sgr jgigshrok qug jk tkcg cgboihioùj k rgio`h ktrk trhthcogjtk phrh su prkègch y qug gstg jk ojtgraogrh gj su vobh iktobohjh*

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Iùck bgaojor ehs pkèhiokjgs -aujiokjhe y bosaujiokjhe/ bg ehs qug sg gxtrhgj eks bhtks jkrchtovks* Gj iuhjtk h eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe% phrh ihbh ieogjtg mh`rãh qug bospkjgr bg bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih qug cgdkr sg hdustg h su ihsk tgjogjbk gj iugjth ehs ih# rhitgrãstoihs qug pugbgj ojaeuor gj eks rgsuethbks bg ehs cgbobhs gcpeghbhs -p*gd*% gbhb% sgxk% topk bge trhstkrjk/* \kr ek qug sg rgaogrg h eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe% gsth pugbg bgaojor# sg bg bks akrchs4 h/ obghecgjtg% ikck pkèhioùj hsojtkcètoih k shjh> gsth gxieuyg h ehs pgrskjhs qug prgsgjthj hefôj topk bg trhstkrjk% hujqug gj kihsokjgs sùek sg mhj gxieuobk h ehs pgrskjhs qug prgsgjthj ge trhstkrjk bg ojtgrïs> `/ hetgrjhtovhcgjtg% ikck pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% eh iuhe pugbg ojieuor pgrskjhs ikj pujtuhiokjgs bosaujiokjhegs% hujqug Dhik`# skj y ikeh`krhbkrgs rgikcogjbhj qug jk gstïj ùsihjbk k rgioògjbk tgrhpoh* Ygfôj ik# ck sg bgaojh eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe% ge pujtk bg ikrtg sgrè cès k cgjks gstroitk* Wjh pksoòeobhb% iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg bhtks% gs gsthègigr uj pujtk bg ikrtg gjtrg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% y ktrk gjtrg eh procgrh y eh pkèhioùj hsojtkcè#

\rkigsk # 22

toih -vïhsg eh aofurh 7/* Bg gstg ckbk% gj vgz bg bgiobor boiktùcoihcgjtg so ujh pgrskjh mh ihcòhbk k jk bg uj ckbk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% pugbg gsthègigrsg uj iogrtk frhbogjtg bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih gj aujioùj bg quï pujtk bg ikrtg sk`rgphsg ge ieogjtg* \ugbg k`tgjgrsg cès ojakrchioùj gj Ygffhr% Ehc`grt y Mhjsgj -0<<0/% hujqug gstks hu# tkrgs prkpkjgj gsthègigr ge pujtk bg ikrtg gjtrg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe y eh hsojtkcètoih% ek iuhe gs cès gstroitk* #

Eks irotgroks bg Dhik`skj jk pugbgj sgr gcpeghbks ikj hqugeeks phiogjtgs qug yh pujtôhj pkr bg`hdk bge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk gj eh cgbobh k cgbobhs ikjsobgrhbhs* Hujqug gstk gs pkik prk`hèg% pugbg eegfhr h kiurror gj uj ?' bg eks ihsks gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih -vïhjsg eks phiogjtgs bgprocobks bg Vgst`rkkn y Norn% 0<<7/* Wjh skeuioùj gs sgegiiokjhr ktrhs cgbobhs*

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Yo gs ikjvgjogjtg k jk gcpeghr ojtgrvheks bg ikjaohjzh bg eks vhekrgs irotgrok k pujtks bg ikrtg gj vgz bg ushr gstks borgithcgjtg* 6

Wjh irãtoih ikjigptuhe bg eks irotgroks bg pujtuhiokjgs bg ikrtg prkpugstks pkr Dhik`skj pug# bg vgrsg gj Msu -8??1/* Hujqug sg mhj prkpugstk cïtkbks cès ikcpegdks% eks rgsuethbks qug kargigj sugegj sgr ikcphrhègs -Htnojs gt he*% 0<<7/* \kr ktrh phrtg% gj ge hpïjboig sg prgsgjth bg akrch ikjirgth y frèaoih iùck sg hpeoihj eks trgs irotgroks h eh mkrh bg ojtgrprgthr ehs pujtuhiokjgs bg iugstokjhroks y vhekrhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih bg ehs coschs* Wjh hetgrjhtovh h eh prkpugsth bg Dhik`skj gs ge gsthègiocogjtk bg irotgroks prgaodhbks% pgrk hròtrhroks% phrh gvheuhr ge jovge bg cgdkrh ikjsgfuobk y ge jovge bge gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjh# cogjtk bg eks ieogjtgs* Gstks bks hspgitks sgrèj ikcgjthbks hitk sgfuobk% hujqug ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug gs pksoèg ikcòjhr ge cïtkbk bg Dhik`skj ikj ge qug sg gxpkjbrè h ikjtojuh# ioùj> ujh akrch bg mhigr gstk gs prgaodhr ehs cgbobhs qug sg tgjbrèj gj iugjth% pgrk gsthègigr eks pujtks bg ikrtg gj gsths bg hiugrbk ikj eks irotgroks bg Dhik`skj -vïhsg bg @gurs gt he*% 8??2/*

Irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe4 Jovge bg cgdkrh Mochbo% @koig y @hrekw -8?=1/ prkpkjgj eks sofuogjtgs irotgroks bg cgdkrh k irotgroks phrh bgtgrcojhr so uj ieogjtg hfkrhaùòik mh rgspkjbobk he trhthcogjtk* Yg ikjsobgrh qug uj ieogjtg mh cgdkrhbk ikj ge trhthcogjtk so bgcugstrh he cgjks uj 0<' bg cgdkrh bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pks# trhthcogjtk pkr ek cgjks gj trgs bg ehs sofuogjtgs cgbobhs4 # # # #

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\ujtuhioùj tkthe bg eh Dgrhrquãh Ojbovobuheozhbh bg Gvothioùj Aùòih bg 8< ãtgcs iheoaoih# bh pkr ge ieogjtg gj ujh gsiheh bg hjsogbhb+gvothioùj bg <#=* Gdgiuioùj ikjbuituhe gj ge Rgst Ojbovobuheozhbk bg Hprkxochioùj Ikjbuituhe bg 7 ãtgcs* \ujtuhioùj tkthe bg ehs iheoaoihiokjgs bg Wjobhbgs Yu`dgtovhs bg Hjsogbhb mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg gj ujh gsiheh bg <#= gj ihbh ãtgc bge Rgst Ojbovobuheozhbk bg Hprkxochioùj Ikj# buituhe* Argiugjioh bg eks hthqugs bg pèjoik burhjtg 0 sgchjhs bg hutkrrgfostrk pkr pgrokbk bg gvheuhioùj* @hrekw -8?==/ mh prkpugstk tgjgr gj iugjth jk sùek eh argiugjioh% sojk thc# òïj eh burhioùj g ojtgjsobhb bg eks hthqugs bg pèjoik* Ikj ieogjtgs soj hthqugs bg pèjoik% Igrjy gt he* -8?=6/ mhj prkpugstk sustotuor gstg irotgrok pkr ge sofuogjtg4 hutkiheoaoihioùj bge jovge bg gvothioùj -<#=/ ikrrgspkjbogjtg h eh akòh projiophe bge ieogjtg bgsiroth ikj sus prkpohs pheh`rhs gj ge Iugstokjhrok bg Cogbks bg Chrns y Chtmgws -8?6?/* Iheoaoihiokjgs bge tgrhpguth gj ehs gsihehs bg ? pujtks -<#=/ bg frhvgbhb hfkrhaùòih bg Vhtskj y Chrns -8?68/* Ehs iheoaoihiokjgs sg mhigj rgspgitk h iojik sotuhiokjgs aùòihs gspgiãaoihs y sg prkcgbohj*

\rkigsk # 27

Gstks irotgroks togjgj gj iugjth eh ikjbuith bg gvothioùj% hjsogbhb su`dgtovh% pèjoik g ojakrcg bge tgrhpguth sk`rg eh frhvgbhb hfkrhaùòih% hujqug sgrãh ikjvgjogjtg høhbor uj irotgrok rgehtovk h eh ojtgragrgjioh prkbuiobh pkr eh hfkrhakòh% irotgrok qug bg`grãh sgr iucpeobk kèofhtkrohcgjtg phrh qug uj phiogjtg augrh ikjsobgrhbk cgdkrhbk* Hbgcès bg eh cgdkrh bge 0<' he cgjks gj 9 bg ehs 7 cgbobhs hjtgrokrgs% phrh qug uj ieogjtg sgh ikjsobgrhbk ikck cgdkrhbk jk bg`g prgsgjthr uj gcpgkrhcogjtk bge 0<' k cès gj jojfujh bg ehs iojik cgbobhs bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pkstrhth# cogjtk* Wjh hetgrjhtovh he sostgch bg iehsoaoihr h eks ieogjtgs gj cgdkrhbks y jk cgdkrhbks sgrãh bhr uj pujtk pkr irotgrok iucpeobk y gsthègigr ehs sofuogjtgs ihtgfkrãhs 4 cgdkrh gegvhbh -2#7 pujtks/% cgboh -0#9 pujtks/ y cãjoch k jueh -<#8 pujtks/* Iuhequogr ieogjtg qug prgsgjthrh uj gcpgkrhcogjtk bge 0<' k cès gj hefujh bg ehs iojik cgbobhs bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pkstrhth# cogjtk sgrãh iehsoaoihbk gj eh ihtgfkrãh bg cgdkrh cãjoch k jueh*

Irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe4 Gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogj# tk Wjh cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh jk ocpeoih jgigshrohcgjtg uj jovge gegvhbk bg aujiokjhcogjtk aojhe* \kr gdgcpek% uj hfkrhaùòik mh pkbobk rgbuior sus hthqugs bg pèjoik gj cès bg uj 0<' -p*gd*% bg 6 h 7 pkr sgchjh/% pgrk h pgshr bg gsth cgdkrh% sofug prgsgjthjbk ge prkègch* Bg hmã eh jg# igsobhb bg irotgroks hboiokjhegs phrh iehsoaoihr ge jovge bge gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg eks ieogjtgs* Mochbo% @koig y @hrekw -8?=1/ mhj pehjtghbk qug phrh ikjsobgrhr qug uj ieogjtg hfkrh# aùòik mh heihjzhbk uj gegvhbk gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg`g mh`gr cgdkrhbk ikj ge trhth# cogjtk -vïhsg eh bgaojoioùj bge jovge bg cgdkrh/ y iucpeor he cgjks trgs bg eks sofuogjtgs iojik irotgroks4 # # #

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\ujtuhioùj tkthe bg 0< k cgjks gj eh Dgrhrquãh Ojbovobuheozhbh bg Gvothioùj Aùòih bg 8< ãtgcs ikj ujh pujtuhioùj cgboh jk supgrokr h 9 phrh eks 7 ãtgcs supgrokrgs* Iheoaoihioùj mgimh pkr ge ieogjtg* Ofuhe qug h% pgrk iheoaoihioùj mgimh pkr ujh pgrskjh heegfhbh* Pgheozhioùj bg eks 7 ãtgcs bge Rgst Ojbovobuheozhbk bg Hprkxochioùj Ikjbuituhe cès ujh pujtuhioùj tkthe bg 8< k cgjks gj ehs iheoaoihiokjgs bg Wjobhbgs Yu`dgtovhs bg Hj# sogbhb mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg gj ihbh ujk bg eks 7 ãtgcs bge tgst y ikj ujh iheoaoihioùj bg Wjobhbgs Yu`dgtovhs bg Hjsogbhb jk supgrokr h 9 gj jojfôj ãtgc* Argiugjioh igrk bg hthqugs bg pèjoik burhjtg 0 sgchjhs bg hutkrrgfostrk gj ge pkstrhth# cogjtk* Ikj ieogjtgs soj hthqugs bg pèjoik% Igrjy gt he* -8?=6/ mhj prkpugstk sustotuor gs# tg irotgrok pkr ge sofuogjtg4 \ujtuhioùj bg 0 k cgjks gj eh hutkiheoaoihioùj bge jovge bg gvothioùj -<#=/ ikrrgspkjbogjtg h eh akòh projiophe bge ieogjtg bgsiroth ikj sus prkpohs pheh`rhs gj ge Iugstokjhrok bg Cogbks bg Chrns y Chtmgws -8?6?/* Wjh pujtuhioùj bg 0 k cgjks gj ehs iheoaoihiokjgs bge tgrhpguth gj ehs gsihehs bg ? puj# tks bg frhvgbhb hfkrhaùòih bg Vhtskj y Chrns -8?68/*

Gstks iojik irotgroks rgaegdhj eh ikjbuith bg gvothioùj% hjsogbhb su`dgtovh y pèjoik% eks iuhegs skj eks projiophegs ikcpkjgjtgs agjkcgjkeùfoiks bg eh hfkrhakòh* Hbgcès% sg togjgj gj iugjth iheoaoihiokjgs bg eh frhvgbhb aùòih bge ieogjtg mgimhs pkr ge tgrhpguth y pkr ujh pgrskjh heegfhbh* Ikck sg bodk hjtgs% muògrh sobk ikjvgjogjtg høhbor uj irotgrok rgehtovk h eh ojtgragrgjioh prkbuio# bh pkr eh hfkrhakòh% irotgrok qug bg`grãh sgr iucpeobk kèofhtkrohcgjtg phrh qug uj phiogjtg aug# rh ikjsobgrhbk rgiupgrhbk -gegvhbk gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk/* Hbgcès% ujk pugbg prgfuj# thrsg so pugbg ikjsobgrhrsg rgiupgrhbk h uj phiogjtg qug iucpeg eks irotgroks hjtgrokrgs% pgrk so# fug tkchjbk cgboihioùj k rgioògjbk iuhequogr topk bg trhthcogjtk phrh su prkègch* Wjh hetgrjhtovh he sostgch bg iehsoaoihr h eks ieogjtgs gj gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gegvh# bk y jk gegvhbk sgrãh bhr uj pujtk pkr irotgrok iucpeobk y gsthègigr ehs sofuogjtgs ihtgfkrã#

\rkigsk # 21

hs bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk 4 gegvhbk -2#7 pujtks/% cgbok -0#9 pujtks/ y `hdk -<#8 puj# tks/ -k ògj% pugbg mhèhrsg bg phiogjtgs tkthecgjtg% ckbgrhbhcgjtg y pkik rgiupgrhbks/* Gs ocpkrthjtg sgøhehr qug eks irotgroks bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg`gj hpeoihrsg sùek h eks ieogjtgs qug rgspkjbgj k cgdkrhj ikj ge trhthcogjtk% the ikck sg mh gxpeoihbk hjtgs* = Wj prkègch ikj eks irotgroks prgaodhbks y hròtrhroks gs qug ge pkrigjthdg bg ieogjtgs cgdkrh# bks bgpgjbg bg eh jhturhegzh bge irotgrok sgegiiokjhbk -topk bg vhrohèg% aodhr vhekrgs cès k cgjks gstroitks/* Gj eh thèh 8 pugbg vgrsg ikck ge pkrigjthdg bg ihsks gxotksks gj ge trhthcogjtk bge heikmkeosck h eks 80 cgsgs bg sgfuocogjtk vhrãh brhcètoihcgjtg sgfôj ge irotgrok bg ïxotk gc# peghbk* ¡_ gsk qug gstks irotgroks mhigj sùek rgagrgjioh h uj ôjoik sãjtkch4 ge ikjsuck bg heik# mke(

IKJRPHYRG H \KYRGPOKPO BG EH MO\ÙRGYOY G]\EOIHROQH _ AOJHEOTHIOÙJ BGE RPHRHCOGJRK Ge hjèeosos bg eks bhtks pgrcotg gxtrhgr iogrths ikjieusokjgs sk`rg eh hbgiuhioùj bg eh mopùtg# sos gxpeoihtovh* Hefujks tgrhpguths ikjsobgrhj qug so mh mhòbk uj ihcòk gj ehs ikjbuiths prk# ègcètoihs trhs ge trhthcogjtk% eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh bge prkègch gs ikrrgith> so jk% ojikrrgith* Yoj gc`hrfk% qug uj trhthcogjtk aujiokjg ògj jk ocpeoih jgigshrohcgjtg qug eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sgh ikrrgith* Gs pksoèg qug eh mopùtgsos sgh tkthe k phriohecgjtg ahesh% pgrk qug ge trhthcogjtk k hikjtgiocogjtks gxtgrjks he cosck -p*gd*% gjikjtrhr trh`hdk k phrgdh/ mhyhj prkbu# iobk ihcòks gj eks vgrbhbgrks ahitkrgs qug ikjtrkeh`hj ge prkègch* \kr ktrh phrtg% pugbg jk mh`gr ihcòks trhs uj trhthcogjtk y gsk jk quogrg bgior jgigshrohcgjtg qug eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sgh ojikrrgith* \ugbg qug ge trhthcogjtk jk mhyh sobk hpeoihbk ikrrgithcgjtg k qug sg mhyh sgegiiokjhbk uj trhthcogjtk ojgaoihz* \hrh ikjieuor qug eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh vh gj eh borgiioùj ikrrgith% sg rgquogrg4 h/ ikc# prk`hr qug trhs ge trhthcogjtk sg mhj ckboaoihbk ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs chjopuehbhs> `/ ikc# prk`hr qug trhs eh chjopuehioùj bg gsths vhrohègs sg mh prkbuiobk ge ihcòk prgvostk gj ehs ikj# buiths prkègcètoihs> i/ ikcprk`hr qug gstg ihcòk jk sg prkbuig gj ge cosck frhbk gj husgjioh bg eh chjopuehioùj bg ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs> y b/ ikcprk`hr qug ge ihcòk gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs jk sgh bgòbk h eh ckboaoihioùj bg hefujh+s ktrh+s vhrohègs+s jk ikjsobgrhbh+s* \kr gdgcpek% eh rgehioùj gjtrg eh vhrohèg ojbgpgjbogjtg -irggjiohs jgfhtovhs sk`rg sã cosck% ge cujbk y ge auturk/ y eh bgpgjbogjtg -ikjbuiths bgprgsovhs/ pugbg jk sgr ihushe% sojk ikrrgehiokjhe y hc`hs sgr ge rgsuethbk bge ihcòk bg ktrh vhrohèg -argiugjioh bg rgakrzhcogjtk skiohe/* \kr ktrh phrtg% gstè iehrk qug eh mopùtgsos qugbhrè ojvheobhbh gj hqugeeks ihsks gj qug 4 h/ sg prkbuzihj ihcòks gj ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs% pgrk jk gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs k `/ sg prkbuzihj ihcòks gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs% pgrk jk gj ehs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs* Ikck sg bodk hjtgs% so jk mhy ihcòks gj jojfujk bg eks bks topks bg vhrohègs% jk gs pksoèg sh`gr% gj hu# sgjioh bg ktrhs ojakrchiokjgs% so eh mopùtgsos gs ojikrrgith% so ge trhthcogjtk mh sobk che hpeoihbk k so mh rgsuethbk ojgaoihz* Jhturhecgjtg% eh iugstoùj gs cuimk cès ikcpegdh tkbhvãh* Yo mhy ihcòks gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs -sãjbrkcg bgprgsovk% p*gd*/ y gj vhrohs vhrohègs gxpeoihtovhs -bïaoiot bg mhòeo# bhbgs skiohegs% argiugjioh bg rgakrzhcogjtk skiohe% jkrchs gxigsovhcgjtg gegvhbhs% bostkrsokjgs ikfjotovhs/% jk gs pksoèg ikjieuor sk`rg so ihbh bg ujh bg gsths vhrohègs dufh`h uj phpge ihushe k cgrhcgjtg ikrrgehiokjhe* Iuhjbk eh gvheuhioùj bg eks rgsuethbks ojboih qug4 h/ sg mh k`tgjobk uj ihcòk ieãjoihcgj# tg sofjoaoihtovk -ek qug ocpeoih eh ikjsgiuioùj cès k cgjks ikcpegth bg eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïuto# iks% so gstks mhj sobk ògj gegfobks/% `/ gstg ihcòk sg mh fgjgrheozhbk h ktrhs sotuhiokjgs pgrto#

\rkigsk # 26

jgjtgs y i/ gxostgj gj ge cgbok bge ieogjtg ehs ikjboiokjgs jgigshrohs phrh qug sg chjtgjfh boimk ihcòk% gjtkjigs tgrhpguth y ieogjtg pugbgj aojheozhr ge trhthcogjtk akrche bg ikcôj hiugrbk y pehjoaoihr eh sgsoùj k sgsokjgs bg sgfuocogjtk* Hujqug eh tgrcojhioùj bg eh tgrhpoh sugeg sgr ujh gxpgrogjioh pksotovh phrh phiogjtgs y tgrh# pguths% ujh cojkrãh bg eks ieogjtgs pugbgj prgsgjthr sgjtocogjtks bg h`hjbkjk% skegbhb% trostgzh y hjsogbhb% gspgiohecgjtg so hjtgs mh`ãhj suarobk hefujh pïrbobh trhucètoih gj su vobh* Hefujks tgrhpguths thcòïj gxpgrocgjthj sgjtocogjtks prkègcètoiks he hih`hr eh tgrhpoh4 iueph -pkr h`hj# bkjhr he ieogjtg/% hjsogbhb -pkr iùck eg orè he ieogjtg/% ojsgfurobhb -bubhs bg mh`gr shòbk hyubhr he phiogjtg% ehs iuhegs pugbgj ikjbuior h prkekjfhr ge trhthcogjtk/ y bugek -pkr eh pïrbobh bg eh rgehioùj sofjoaoihtovh gsthègiobh ikj ge ieogjtg/*

YGFWOCOGJRK Wjh vgz trhjsiurrobk iogrtk togcpk bgsbg eh tgrcojhioùj bge trhthcogjtk% sg rgikfgj jugvks bhtks phrh ikcprk`hr ge frhbk bg chjtgjocogjtk bg eks ihcòks tgrhpïutoiks* Ge pgrokbk bg sgfuocogjtk pugbg sgr cès k cgjks ehrfk g ojieuor ujk k cès pgrokbks bg gvheuhioùj* Wjh phuth hikjsgdhèg gs mhigr uj procgr sgfuocogjtk h eks 9 cgsgs% uj sgfujbk h eks 1 cgsgs y uj ôetock h eks 80 cgsgs% hujqug gj iogrtks prkègchs ikj frhj prk`hòeobhb bg rgihãbh% ikck eks hboitovks y eks trhstkrjks bg heocgjthioùj% sg sufogrg prkekjfhr ge sgfuocogjtk mhsth eks 7 høks* Eks sgfuocogjtks h eks 9 y 1 cgsgs% ihsk bg mhigrsg% pugbgj sgr cgjks ikcpegtks qug ehs gvheuhiokjgs prgtrhthcogjtk y pkstrhthcogjtk% pgrk ge ôetock sgfuocogjtk bg`grãh gcpeghr eks coscks cïtkbks g ojstrucgjtks utoeozhbks gj boimhs gvheuhiokjgs* He cgjks gj gstg ôetock ikjtrke% jk sg hikjsgdh ge sgfuocogjtk rgheozhbk pkr tgeïakjk k pkr ikrrgk% bgòbk h ehs bgaoiogj# iohs g ojsuaoiogjiohs bg gstks cïtkbks* Yoj gc`hrfk% gj kihsokjgs jk qugbhrè cès rgcgbok qug hiubor h eks coscks* \kr ktrh phrtg% hbgcès bg vkevgr h phshr eks ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj prgvohcgjtg utoeozh# bks% ikjvogjg prgfujthr he ieogjtg pkr ek sofuogjtg rgagrobk he pgrokbk bg sgfuocogjtk4 h/ gvkeu# ioùj bge prkègch trhthbk% ojieuygjbk pksoègs ikjtrhtogcpks k rgihãbhs% bgsiropioùj bg gstks% pksoègs ihushs bg eks coscks y quï sg mozk phrh chjgdhreks% `/ `ôsqugbh bg jugvh hyubh phrh ge prkègch trhthbk% i/ hphroioùj bg ktrks prkègchs psoikeùfoiks % b/ `ôsqugbh bg hyubh phrh eks coscks% b/ ikjsuck bg aèrchiks phrh ge prkègch trhthbk y+k phrh ktrks prkègchs psoikeùfoiks*

Gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih sg mhigj sgfuocogjtks ikj pkih rgfuehrobhb * Gj kihsokjgs% ujh rh# zùj gs eh aheth bg togcpk pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth* Rhcòïj sg pogjsh qug eks phiogjtgs pugbgj gsthr pkik bospugstks h phrtoiophr gj sgfuocogjtks y gstk gs iogrtk gj bgtgrcojhbks ihsks% gspgiohecgj# tg so mhy vhroks sgfuocogjtks% so gstks skj ehrfks% so eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks pkr ge phiogjtg jk mhj sobk ùgjks y+k so ehs ioriujsthjiohs bg eh vobh bge phiogjtg boaoiuethj su phrtoiophioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% gs cès aèioe qug eks phiogjtgs ikeh`krgj ikj ge sgfuocogjtk so burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk sg prgsgjth gstg ikck ujh phrtg jkrche bge prkigsk* Eks bhtks rgikfobks burhjtg ge sgfuocogjtk sg ikcphrhj ikj eks k`tgjobks he aojhe bge trhthcogjtk y ikj eks irotgroks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih phrh gvheuhr iùck gstè ge ieogjtg y so mh mhòbk uj chjtgjocogjtk bge prkfrgsk% ujh cgdkrh hboiokjhe k uj gcpgkrhcogjtk* Iuhjbk jk mhy cgdkrh hboiokjhe k ge ieogjtg mh gcpgkrhbk% ikjvogjg ikcphrhr eks bhtks bg sgfuocogjtk ikj eks bg eh gvheuhioùj prgtrhthcogjtk phrh vhekrhr so sofug mhògjbk boagrgjiohs ieãjoih y+k gsthbãsto# ihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovhs gjtrg ge prgtrhthcogjtk y ge sgfuocogjtk* Gs ocpkrthjtg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs cgdkrhs hboiokjhegs k gcpgkrhcogjtks burhjtg ge sgfuocogjtk jk togjgj pkr quï ojboihr jgigshrohcgjtg jhbh higrih bg eh iheobhb bge trhth#

\rkigsk # 2=

cogjtk hpeoihbk* Ktrks ahitkrgs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg pkbrãhj gxpeoihr ehs cgdkrhs k gcpgkrh# cogjtks mheehbks* Yo sg bgtgith qug eks rgsuethbks jk sg chjtogjgj % mh`rè qug ikcgjthrek ikj ge ieogjtg y% so gstg ek bgsgh% hjheozhr ehs ihushs y gj aujioùj bg gsths4 h/ rgojtrkbuior ge trhthcogjtk ikj chykr k cgjkr gxtgjsoùj y+k prkfrhchr cgdkrgs cgboks phrh ahioeothr ge chjtgjocogjtk% `/ bosgøhr uj jugvk trhthcogjtk% k i/ rgikjsobgrhr eh gvheuhioùj bge prkègch y eh mopùtgsos gxpeoih# tovh* Aojhecgjtg% burhjtg ge pgrokbk bg sgfuocogjtk pugbgj bgsiu`rorsg jugvks prkègchs % qug% so ge ieogjtg ek bgsgh% sg pugbgj h`krbhr* \kr ktrh phrtg% gj iuhequogr ckcgjtk h ek ehrfk bge prkigsk bg ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg sgr jgigsh# rok rgbhithr uj ojakrcg ieãjoik bg uj phiogjtg* Yg rgikcogjbh qug ge ojakrcg sgh `rgvg g ojieuyh% hbgcès bge eufhr y agimh% eks sofuogjtgs hphrthbks4 #

Bhtks prkagsokjhegs bge gvheuhbkr4 jkc`rg y hpgeeobks% j´ bg ikegfohbk% igjtrk k ojsto# tuioùj% borgiioùj*

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Bhtks pgrskjhegs bge phiogjtg 4 jkc`rg y hpgeeobks% gbhb% sgxk% gsthbk iovoe% gstuboks% prkagsoùj% sotuhioùj eh`krhe% gti*/* Bg`g ikjsobgrhrsg eh prktgiioùj egfhe jgigshroh bg gstg topk bg bhtks gj ojakrcgs gsirotks*

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Cktovk bge ojakrcg4 skeoiothjtg y rhzkjgs bg eh rgheozhioùj bge ojakrcg*

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Ojakrchioùj bg eks boagrgjtgs ècòtks gvheuhbks 4 h/ Cktovk bg ikjsueth y ktrks pkso# ègs prkègchs bgtgithbks* `/ Hjèeosos bge prkègch gj eh hituheobhb4 gj quï ikjsostg y vhrohègs ojaeuygjtgs* i/ Mostkroh bge prkègch4 ojoiok% cgdkrhs y gcpgkrhcogjtks y ahitk# rgs hskiohbks ikj eks coscks* b/ Rrhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs* g/ Pgiursks y eocoth# iokjgs bge ieogjtg*

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\rug`hs hbcojostrhbhs * Yg cgjiokjhj ehs prug`hs% ehs pujtuhiokjgs k`tgjobhs y eh oj# tgrprgthioùj bg gsths* Yo jk sg mh gsthègiobk eh aohòeobhb y vheobgz bg ehs prug`hs utoeozh# bhs% bg`grè sgøhehrsg gstk% hsã ikck ktrhs eocothiokjgs gxostgjtgs*

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Bohfjùstoik* \ugbg sgfuorsg ge sostgch BYC#OQ#RP k IOG#8<% hujqug ikjvogjg rgikrbhr qug gj Gsphøh ge sostgch kaoiohe gs eh IOG#8<*

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Mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh* Yg trhth bg kargigr gsqugcètoihcgjtg ujh mopùtgsos sk`rg ge krofgj y% gspgiohecgjtg ge chjtgjocogjtk bge prkègch k prkègchs bge phiogjtg*

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Rrhthcogjtk* Yo mh mhòbk% sg gspgioaoih gj quï mh ikjsostobk y eks rgsuethbks bge cos# ck% ojieuygjbk bhtks iuhjtothtovks* Yo jk ek mh mhòbk% sg ojieuyg uj pksoèg pehj bg trh# thcogjtk y ktrhs rgikcgjbhiokjgs% hsã ikck uj prkjùstoik ikj y soj trhthcogjtk*

Gj ge ojakrcg bg`g sgøhehrsg gxpeãiothcgjtg ge frhbk bg ikjaohjzh qug cgrgigj ehs ikjieu# sokjgs akrcuehbhs y ehs eocothiokjgs sofjoaoihtovhs qug pugbhj tgjgr ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs rgheozh# bhs* \hrh geek mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth hspgitks ikck ehs prug`hs phshbhs% eh hitotub% cktovhiokjgs y ikcpkrthcogjtk bge phiogjtg% ehs ioriujsthjiohs `hdk ehs qug sg mh k`tgjobk eh ojakrchioùj% gti* Wjhs rgikcgjbhiokjgs phrh geh`krhr ojakrcgs psoikeùfoiks ieãjoiks tgjogjbk gj iugjth hspgitks egfhegs% ïtoiks y fuãhs bg hskiohiokjgs prkagsokjhegs pugbgj vgrsg gj \ïrgz% Cuøkz y Husãj -0<<9% 0<<1/* Rhcòïj pugbg ikjsuethrsg Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -0<<2/*

RH@EHY

\rkigsk # 2?

Yotuhiokjgs skiohegs tgcobhs Hitovhioùj bg supugstks -vosoùj bg eks bgcès ikck ojmgrgjtgcgjtg irãtoiks% frhj bgsgk bg ihushr ujh ocprgsoùj ahvkrhèg% gvothr eh bgsh# prk`hioùj y+k jk eehchr eh htgjioùj% frhj bgsikjaohjzh gj eh prkpoh mhòeobhb phrh ikjsgfuorek% gvheuhioùj jgfhtovh sofjoaoih ihrhitgrãstoihs prkpohs jgfhtovhs/

Muckr bgprocobk

Gxpgithtovhs jgfhtovhs -pgeofrk skiohe pgrioòbk/

Htgjioùj sgegitovh

Hjsogbhb -sãjtkchs ikrpkrhegs% hagitovks y ikfjotovks/

Ocprgsoùj bostkrsokjhbh bg iùck ujk irgg qug gs pgrioòbk y ikcphrhioùj bg eh cosch ikj ehs jkrchs qug sg irgg togjgj eks ktrks

Ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs k gvothioùj

Bïaoiot bg mhòeobhbgs skiohegs

Hituhioùj ojshtosahitkroh su`dgtovh y+k rghe

Pghiiokjgs cgjks ikrbohegs k jgfhtovhs pkr phrtg bg ktrks

Ojtgragrgjioh gj eh vobh skiohe% eh`krhe y ahcoeohr Ygjtocogjtks bg ojagrokrobhb% `hdh hutkgstoch Bgprgsoùj% obghioùj suoiobh Aofurh 8* Ckbgek gxpeoihtovk bg eh akòh skiohe* -Hbhpthbk bg @hbks% 0<<8h% pèf* 21/*

\rkigsk # 7<

Yotuhiokjgs tgcobhs # Frhjbgs hechigjgs # Cgtrk # Mhigr ikehs

Gxpgithtovhs bg pgeofrk y+k hjsogbhb+pèjoik Mopgrvofoehjioh mhioh gstãcueks hcgjhzhjtgs

Hitovhioùj aosokeùfoih Ahitkrgs Cgbohbkrgs # Cogbk h eh gvh# euhioùj jgfhtovh # Yusigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb

Ïpkihs bg gstrïs

Gposkbok bg hjsogbhb k pèjoik

Ojtgrprgthioùj gj tïrcojks bg pgeofrk k hjsogbhb+pèjoik # Cogbk h pgrbgr ge ikjtrke # Cogbk h ckror

Gvothioùj y+k ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs

Ikjsgiugjiohs h ikrtk pehzk # Pgbuiioùj tgcpkrhe bge cogbk # Htgjioùj y hpkyk bg ktrks

Ikjsgiugjioh h cgbok+ehrfk pehzk # Pgbuiioùj bg ikjthitks skiohegs # \rkègchs eh`krhegs # H`htocogjtk

Aofurh 0* Ckbgek gxpeoihtovk phrh ujh phiogjtg ikj trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj hfkrhakòh*

\rkigsk # 78

Aofurh 9* Chirkhjèeosos* Hjsogbhb skiohe

\rgkiuphiokjgs skiohegs

\ïrbobh bg ojtgrïs sgxuhe

Ojskcjok Ikjaeoitk chrothe Gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk y chemuckrhbk

Ojirgcgjtk fgjgrhe bg eh hitovhioùj

Gvothioùj bg eks ikjthitks skiohegs

Hfkrhakòh

Jkth* Rkchbk bg Gccgenhcp% @kuchj y Yimkeojf -8??0% ihp* 9/*

Aofurh 2* Coirkhjèeosos* Yotuhiokjgs tgcobhs # trgj y hutk`ôs # supgrcgrihbks # sheor skeh bg ihsh

Hjsogbhb y rghiiokjgs skcètoihs ikjikcothjtgs

\gjshcogjtks bg bgschyk

Gvothioùj bg ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs

Ikjsgiugjiohs -gjtrg ktrhs/ # rgbuiioùj h ikrtk pehzk bg eh hjsogbhb # ojirgcgjtk h ehrfk pehzk bg eh hjsogbhb # hucgjtk bg eh bgpgjbgjioh bg ktrks Jkth* Rkchbk bg Gccgenhcp% @kuchj y Yimkeojf -8??0% ihp* 9/*

\rkigsk # 70 1< 77

Bgtgrokrhbk 7< 27 2< 97

Yoj ihcòk

9< 07 0<

Cgdkrhbk

87 8<

Pgiupgrhbk -pkèhioùj fgjgrhe /

7

Pgiupgrhbk -pkèhioùj aujiokjhe/ < Gvhe 8

Gvhe 0

Gvhe 9

Gvhe 2

Gvhe 7

Gvhe 1

Aofurh 7* Gvkeuioùj bg uj phiogjtg gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Bgprgsoùj bg @gin* Rhèh 8* Irotgroks bg ïxotk y pkrigjthdg bg ihsks gxotksks 80 cgsgs bgspuïs bge trhthcogjtk bge heikmkeosck* Irotgrok bg ïxotk

# # # # # # # # # # # #

Jk `g`gr jujih cès bg 2 bãhs+sgchjh y jujih cès 9 `gòbhs+bãh* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 9 `gòbhs+bãh* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 80 `gòbhs+sgchjh* Jk `g`gr jujih cès bg 2 bãhs+sgchjh* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 86 `gòbhs+sgchjh* Cgboh bg bãhs qug `g`g h eh sgchjh 5 2 y cgboh bg `gòbhs+bãh 5 9* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 08 `gòbhs+sgchjh* Cgboh bg `gòbhs 5 9 ikjsobgrhjbk sùek eks bãhs gj qug sg `g`g* Cgboh `gòbhs pkr sgchjh 5 80* @g`gr cgjks bg 2 bãhs+sgchjh* Cgboh `gòbhs pkr sgchjh 5 86* Cgboh `gòbhs pkr sgchjh 5 08*

Jkth* Rkchbk bg Yk`gee% Yk`gee y Fhvoj -8??7% pèf* 171/*

\krigjthdg bg ihsks gxotksks =%6 88%1 86%2 02%1 0?%< 9<%2 9?%8 20%< 1<%? 11%6 67%2 =0%1

\rkigsk # 79

PGAGPGJIOHY Htnojs% B*I*% @gbois% D*B*% CiFeojimgy% D*@* y @ghuimhojg% R*\* -0<<7/* Hssgssojf ieojoihe sofjoaoihjig4 Bkgs ot chttgr wmoim cgtmkb wg usg; Dkurjhe ka Ikjsuetojf hjb Ieojoihe \syimkekfy% 69% ?=0#?=?* @hbks% H* -0<<1/* Rrhthjbk… pèjoik y hfkrhakòh * Chbrob4 \orècobg* @hbks% H* y Ikrkjhs% C* -0<<7/* Ojtgrvgjioùj gj uj ihsk bg akòh h eh shjfrg+ojygiiokjgs+mgrobhs* Gj D*\* Gsphbh% D* Keovhrgs y A*]* Cïjbgz -Ikkrbs*/% Rgrhpoh psoikeùfoih4 Ihsks prèitoiks -pp* 26#17/* Chbrob4 \orècobg* @hrekw% B*M* -8?==/* Hjxogty hjb ots boskrbgrs4 Rmg jhturg hjb trghtcgjt ka hjxogty hjb phjoi* Jugvh _krn4 Fuoeakrb \rgss* @hrekw% B*M* y Igrjy% D* -8?==/* \syimkekfoihe trghtcgjt ka phjoi * Jugvh _krn4 Fuoeakrb \rgss* @grjstgoj% B*H* y Jogtzge% C*R* -8?==/* Ojtrkbuiioùj h eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih* Cïxoik4 CiFrhw#Moee* -Krofojhe bg 8?=<*/ @ktgeeh% I* y Chrtãjgz% C*\* -8??6/* Rrhthcogjtk ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe bg eh mopkikjbrãh* Gj Q*G* Ih`heek -Bor*/% Chjuhe phrh ge trhthcogjtk ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe bg eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks -Qke* 8% pp* 977#2<1/* Chbrob4 Yofek ]]O* @uigth% D*C* -8??1/* \rkfrhchs bg ckboaoihioùj bg ikjbuith phrh ge trhthcogjtk bg eh hjkrgxoh jgrvoksh* Gj D*C* @uigth y H*C* @ugjk -Ikcps/*% Rrhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik bg mèòtks y gjagrcgbhbgs -pp* 9
\rkigsk # 72 Eh`rhbkr% A*D* -8??=/* Bosaujiokjgs sgxuhegs* Gj Qheegdk% C*H* -Gb*/% Chjuhe bg tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith% -Qke O% pèfs* 719#108/* Chbrob4 Bynojskj* Eh`rhbkr% A*D*% Gstupoøh% A*D* y Burèj% H* -0<<=/* Akrcuehioùj ieãjoih y trhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik bg uj ihsk bg trhstkrjk bg ikjtrke bg ocpuesks* Gj A*D* Eh`rhbkr -Ikkr*/% Rïijoihs bg ckboaoihioùj bg ikjbuith* -pp* 866#8?7/* Chbrob4 \orècobg* Chrns% O*C* y Chtmgws% H*C* -8?6?/* @roga sthjbhrb sgea#rhtojf siheg akr pmkòi phtogjts* @gmhvokur Pgsghrim hjb Rmgrhpy% 86 % 019#016* Coimgeskj% E*% Chvosshnheohj% C* y Chrimokjg% N* -8?=7/* Ikfjotovg hjb `gmhvokrhe trghtcgjts ka hfkrhpmkòh4 Ieojoihe% `gmhvokrhe% hjb psyimkpmysokekfoihe kutikcgs* Dkurjhe ka Ikjsuetojf hjb Ieojoihe \syimkekfy% 79% ?89#?07* Cugeegr% C* y \gnhron% F* -0<<
\rkigsk # 77

H\ÏJBOIG4 OJRGP\PGRHIOÙJ BG EKY IWGYROKJHPOKY Ihbh iugstokjhrok prkpkriokjh ujh k cès pujtuhiokjgs* \hrh pkbgr ojtgrprgthrehs% gs jgig# shrok ikcphrhrehs ikj uj irotgrok jkrchtovk* Gj hefujks iugstokjhroks sg bospkjg bg `hrgcks gsthjbhrozhbks ikj pgrigjtoegs k pujtuhiokjgs topoaoihbhs* Yoj gc`hrfk% phrh cuimks bg eks iugs# tokjhroks utoeozhbks gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih jk gxostgj `hrgcks> sùek cgbohs y bgsvohiokjgs gstèj# bhr bg ujh k cès cugstrhs prkigbgjtgs bg pkèhioùj ieãjoih% pkèhioùj fgjgrhe y+k pkèhioùj shjh* Eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe ojieuyg uj iogrtk jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj prgsgjthr h jovge ieãjoik k suìeãjoik ge prkègch ikjsobgrhbk* Gj ihcòk% eh pkèhioùj shjh jk prgsgjth jojfôj trhstkrjk psoikeùfoik* Eh pujtuhioùj qug mh k`tgjobk ujh ieogjtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 22* Gj eh sofuogjtg thèh sg cugstrh eh cgboh y eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih bge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gj pkèhioùj ieãjoih -ieogjtgs ikj trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj k soj hfkrhakòh/ y gj pk# èhioùj fgjgrhe gsphøkeh* Rhcòïj sg ojboih eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr eh ieogjtg* \ujtuhioùj ieogjtg

22

\kèhioùj ieãjoih -j 3 97/

Cgboh 90%=

BR 8<%6

\kèhioùj fgjgrhe gs# phøkeh -j 3 709/

Cgboh 80%<

BR ?%9

Gstks bhtks pgrcotgj ojtgrprgthr eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr eh ieogjtg* \hrh geek% sg mhj prk# pugstk bostojtks irotgroks4

Irotgrok h4 @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih bg ojtgrïs Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gj ge iugstokjhrok gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhj# bk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsghèg* Gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% ge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh gsthègigr so ujh pgrskjh gstè k jk bgjtrk bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih% sg iheiuehrãh hsã4 90%= # -0 x 8<%6/ 3 88%2* Gj eh frèaoih pugbg vgrsg gstg pujtk bg ikrtg y ge èrgh ikekrghbh qug ikjtogjg ehs pujtuhiokjgs ieãjoih# cgjtg sofjoaoihtovhs* Gj ge ihsk bg eh ieogjtg% gs gvobgjtg qug su pujtuhioùj sk`rgphsh hcpeohcgj# tg gstg pujtk bg ikrtg y sg sotôh cès bg ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih pkr gjioch bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèh# ioùj ieãjoih*

\rkigsk # 71

Gj iugstokjhroks ikck ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% chykrgs pujtuhiokjgs ik# rrgspkjbgj h chykr sojtkchtkekfãh* Gj ihcòk% ktrks iugstokjhroks cobgj rgiursks% mhòeobhbgs k ihrhitgrãstoihs pksotovhs* Gj gstg ihsk% phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg% mhy qug suchreg h eh cgboh bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr gj vgz bg rgstèrsgehs*

Irotgrok `4 @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gj ge iugstokjhrok gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhj# bk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh* Bg tkbks ckbks% pujtuhiokjgs qug gstïj ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih cès heeè bg eh cgboh pugbgj ojboihr ujh phtkekfãh egvg k ckbgrhbh* Gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% ge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh gsthègigr so ujh pgrskjh gstè k jk bgjtrk bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% sg iheiuehrãh hsã4 80 . -0 x ?%9/ 3 9<%1* ^K ògj% so sg ikjsobgrh skek ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih% hsã4 80 . -?%9/ 3 08%9*S Gj eh frèaoih pugbg vgrsg ge pro# cgrk bg gstks pujtks bg ikrtg y ge èrgh ikekrghbh qug ikjtogjg ehs pujtuhiokjgs ieãjoihcgjtg sof# joaoihtovhs* \kr thjtk% eh ieogjtg prgsgjth ujh gegvhbh susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb qug pugbg ikj# sobgrhrsg prkègcètoih*

Gj iugstokjhroks ikck ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% chykrgs pujtuhiokjgs ik# rrgspkjbgj h chykr sojtkchtkekfãh* Gj ihcòk% ktrks iugstokjhroks cobgj rgiursks% mhòeobhbgs k ihrhitgrãstoihs pksotovhs* Gj gstg ihsk% phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg% mhy qug rgsthreg h eh cgboh bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr gj vgz bg sucèrsgehs*

Irotgrok i4 @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gj ge iugstokjhrok gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhj# bk gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih qug h eh fgjgrhe* Gstg irotgrok% bgjkco# jhbk irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb -IA/ sg bgaojg bg eh sofuogjtg chjgrh4 IA 3

Ci x BRf . Cf x BRi BRf . BRi

sogjbk Ci y BR i eh cgboh y bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y Cf y BR f eh cgboh y bgs# vohioùj tãpoih bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Wjh pujtuhioùj qug vhyh cès heeè bge vhekr bge irotgrok bg

\rkigsk # 76

aujiokjheobhb gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh bostroùioùj bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih qug h eh bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% ge irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb sg iheiuehrãh hsã4

\ujtuhioùj ieogjtg 22

IA 3

\kèhioùj Ieãjoih Cgboh BR 90%=

8<%6

-90%= x ?%9/ . -80%< x 8<%6/ -8<%6 . ?%9/

\kèhioùj fgjgrhe Gsphøkeh Cgboh BR 80%<

?%9

3 08%16

Gj eh frèaoih pugbg vgrsg gstg pujtk bg ikrtg y ge èrgh ikekrghbh qug ikjtogjg ehs pujtuhiok# jgs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovhs* Eh ieogjtg prgsgjth ujh pujtuhioùj bg susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsog# bhb qug gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih qug h eh fgjgrhe*

\rkigsk # 7=

Ikck pugbg hprgiohrsg iehrhcgjtg gj eh frèaoih% eks trgs irotgroks prkpkriokjhj pujtks bg ikrtg cuy bovgrsks *

H ikjtojuhioùj sg ojboih iuèjbk gs rgikcgjbhèg utoeozhr ihbh ujk bg geeks gj ge prgtrh# thcogjtk4 #

Ge irotgrok h phrgig ge cès rgikcgjbhèg iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe jk sg supgrpkjgj% the ikck pugbg kiurror gj ge ihsk bg prkègchs cuy frhvgs -p*gd*% hutosck% gsquozkargjoh/*

#

Ge irotgrok ` pugbg utoeozhrsg iuhjbk jk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih*

#

Ge irotgrok i gs ge cès hikjsgdhèg iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe sg supgrpkjgj% ek iuhe gs cuy mhòtuhe gj eh chykrãh bg eks prkègchs* Iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs sg supgrpkjgj% ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe qug pujtôhj cès hetk gj ujh bgtgrcojhbh cgbobh k`togjgj pujtuhiokjgs socoehrgs h ehs bg ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih qug pujtôhj cès `hdk gj boimh cgbobh* Gstk gs bgòbk h qug ehs cgbobhs utoeozhbhs jk togjgj uj pkbgr bosirocojhjtg ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg shtosahitk# rok y h qug eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe ojieuyg uj iogrtk jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj prgsgj# thr h jovge ieãjoik k suìeãjoik ge prkègch ikjsobgrhbk*

\rkigsk # 7?

GDGPIOIOK Gj eh sofuogjtg thèh sg cugstrh eh cgboh y eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh gsiheh ―gvothioùj gsthjbk skek– bge Ojvgjthrok bg Ckvoeobhb gj pkèhioùj ieãjoih -ieogjtgs hfkrhaùòiks/ y gj pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Rhcòïj sg ojboih eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr eh ieogjtg* \ujtuhioùj ieogjtg

9%6<

\kèhioùj ieãjoih -j 3 =9/

Ci 9%9

BGi <%??

\kèhioùj fgjgrhe gs# phøkeh -j 3 6
Cf 8%7<

BGf <%76

\PGFWJRH* Iheiueg gj procgr eufhr ge pujtk bg ikrtg sgfôj ihbh ujk bg eks trgs irotgroks prgsgjthbks y qug pugbg vkevgr h ikjsuethr gj eh thèh qug sg prgsgjth h ikjtojuhioùj* Eugfk% ojboqug iuèe bg eks trgs irotgroks sgrãh ge cès obùjgk y dustoaoqug su rgspugsth* IPORGPOKY h/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih bg ojtgrïs* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gs ieãjoih# cgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhjbk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cg# boh bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsghèg* `/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoao# ihtovh iuhjbk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèh# ioùj fgjgrhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh* i/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjo# bh gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhjbk gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih qug h eh fgjgrhe* Gstg irotgrok% bgjkcojhbk irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb -IA/ sg bgaojg bg eh so# fuogjtg chjgrh4 Ci x BRf . Cf x BRi IA 3 BRf . BRi

\rkigsk # 1<

PGY\WGYRH Irotgrok h 3 9%9 ’ -0 x <%??/ 3 8%90 Irotgrok ` 3 8%7< . -0 x <%76/ 3 0%12 Irotgrok i 3

-9%9 x <%76/ . -8%7< x <%??/ -<%?? . <%76/

3 0%81

Gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih pugbgj vgrsg rgprgsgjthbks eks trgs irotgroks hjtgrokrgs* Ge irotgrok i gs ge cès rgikcgjbhèg% yh qug ehs bostroùiokjgs bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe sg supgrpkjgj*

Gstks irotgroks thcòïj pugbgj utoeozhrsg phrh vhekrhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe bg eks rgsuethbks k`tgjobks trhs ge trhthcogjtk% the ikck sg gxpeoih h ikjtojuhioùj*

\rkigsk # 18

YOFJOAOIHIOÙJ IEÃJOIH Ge k`dgtovk bge trhthcogjtk gs ekfrhr uj ihcòk ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% gs bg# ior qug bgshphrgzihj k cgdkrgj jkthègcgjtg eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg* Wj ckbk bg ikjsgfuor gstk gs ikcphrhr eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr ge ieogjtg ikj eh bg uj frupk jkrchtovk gxtrhãbk bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih% fgjgrhe k shjh* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% ge irotgrok phrh gsthègigr so sg mh ekfrhbk uj ihcòk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gs cès rofurksk* \hrh rgheozhr gsth ikcphrhioùj jkrchtovh% pugbgj gcpeghrsg eks trgs irotgroks hjtgs cgjiok# jhbks4 h/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih bg ojtgrïs * Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk bg`g ihgr augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih* Eh puj# tuhioùj k`tgjobh bg`g gsthr pkr bg`hdk bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsghèg* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg rgsthj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`hdk bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobg# rhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% sg suchj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr gjioch bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe* Ikck pugbg vgr gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 88%2* #

#

Yupugstk 8* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 00* H pgshr bg qug eh chfjotub bge ihcòk rgspgitk he prgtrhthcogjtk -pujtuhioùj 22/ gs jkthèg% ge jovge bg susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb ikjtojôh gsthjbk bgjtrk bg eh pkèhioùj ieã# joih* Yupugstk 0* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 8<* Gj gstg ihsk% ge jovge bg susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb gstè augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèh# ioùj ieãjoih*

\rkigsk # 10

`/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe * Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstrh# thcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk bg`g ihgr bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Eh puj# tuhioùj k`tgjobh bg`g gsthr pkr bg`hdk bg ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg such ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih h eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgrskjh bg`g sgr ofuhe k oj# agrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% sg rgsth ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih h eh cgboh bg eh pkèhioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgr# skjh bg`g sgr ofuhe k supgrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pkèh# ioùj fgjgrhe* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug utoeozhcks ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih gj vgz bg bks pkrqug trh`hdhcks ikj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% eh iuhe ojieuyg h pgrskjhs qug pugbgj tgjgr ge prkègch h jovge ieãjoik k suìeãjoik* Gj ihcòk% iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe k shjh% gs cès hbgiuhbk suchr k rgsthr bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh gj vgz bg ujh* Ikck pugbg vgr gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoò# eobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 08%9* Gj ge supugstk 8 -pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk 00/ ge jovge bg susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb bg eh ieogjtg sg gjiugjtrh augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèh# ioùj fgjgrhe% hujqug pkr pkik% cogjtrhs qug gj ge supugstk 0 -pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk 8
i/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe * Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk gs cès prk`hèg qug ihofh gj eh bos# troùioùj bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe qug gj eh bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjo# bh bg`g sk`rgphshr ge pujtk bg ikrtg qug sgphrh h gsths bks bostroùiokjgs gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsghèg* Hsã pugs% so eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãs# toih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`hdk bge pujtk bg ikrtg ph# rh ikjsobgrhr qug gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe* Yo eh vhrohèg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% eh pgrskjh bg`g puj# tuhr pkr gjioch bge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gs cès prk`hèg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe*

\rkigsk # 19

Ikck pugbg vgr gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoò# eobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 08%16* #

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Yupugstk 8* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 00 qug gs cès prk`hèg qug gstï bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih* Yoj gc`hr# fk% eh chfjotub bge ihcòk rgspgitk he prgtrhthcogjtk -pujtuhioùj 22/ gs jkthèg y eh pujtuhioùj sg sotôh cuy igrih bge pujtk bg ikrtg* Yupugstk 0* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 8<* Gj gs# tg ihsk% ge jovge bg susigptoòeobhb h eh hjsogbhb gs cès prk`hèg qug gstï bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe*

Iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj shjh% pugbg iheiuehrsg uj pujtk bg ikrtg bge cosck ckbk qug phrh eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe% hujqug sgrè cès gstroitk* \kr gdgcpek% tgjogjbk gj iugjth qug eh cgboh y eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pkèhioùj shjh gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigptoòeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb skj =%0 y 7%8 rgspgitovhcgjtg% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gs 81%82*

H ikjtojuhioùj sg ojboih iuèjbk gs rgikcgjbhèg utoeozhr ihbh irotgrok gj ge pkstrhth# cogjtk k sgfuocogjtk phrh gvheuhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe4 #

Ge irotgrok h gs ge cgjks hikjsgdhèg% pgrk pugbg utoeozhrsg iuhjbk jk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj fgjgrhe*

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Ge irotgrok ` phrgig ge cès rgikcgjbhèg iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe jk sg supgrpkjgj*

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Ge irotgrok i gs ge cès hikjsgdhèg iuhjbk ehs bostroùiokjgs bg eh pkèhioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe sg skehphj% ek iuhe gs cuy mhòtuhe*

Iuhjbk eh pujtuhioùj bge ieogjtg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk iucpeg ge irotgrok sgegi# iokjhbk% pgrk eh chfjotub bge ihcòk gs pgqugøh% bg`g vhekrhrsg eh pksoòeobhb bg qug boimk ihcòk sgh bgòbk socpegcgjtg he grrkr bg cgboioùj bge ojstrucgjtk utoeozhbk* Ge mgimk bg qug uj ieogjtg ihcòg bg ckbk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gj ujh cgbobh bgtgr#

\rkigsk # 12

cojhbh jk ocpeoih jgigshrohcgjtg qug su prkègch mhyh bgshphrgiobk k cgdkrhbk susthjiohecgj# tg* \kr gdgcpek% uj hfkrhaùòik pugbg bgdhr bg tgjgr hthqugs bg pèjoik% pgrk chjtgjgr ujh gegvh# bh prgkiuphioùj pkr tgjgreks y ikjtojuhr gvothjbk cuimhs bg ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs* \hrh qug gxosth uj ihcòk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gs jgigshrok qug uj ieogjtg cgdkrg jkthègcgjtg gj eks hspgitks aujbhcgjthegs qug bgaojgj su prkègch y jk sùek gj ujk bg geeks* Gxostgj ktrks cïtkbks -hbgcès bg eh ikcphrhioùj ikj uj frupk jkrchtovk/ phrh vhekrhr so uj ieogjtg mh ekfrhbk uj ihcòk ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk4 #

Ikcphrhr ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge ieogjtg gj ehs ikjbuiths bg ojtgrïs ikj uj irotgrok prgao# dhbk hròtrhrohcgjtg pkr uj frupk bg gxpgrtks*

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Gvheuhr eh vhekrhioùj su`dgtovh qug mhig ge ieogjtg k pgrskjhs heegfhbhs sk`rg ge frh# bk gj qug mh ihcòhbk gj eks prkègchs bg ojtgrïs -phrh cgdkr k pgkr/ y+k ge frhbk gj qug gstks prkègchs sofugj sogjbk ocpkrthjtgs g ojihphiothjtgs* Gvheuhioùj su`dgtovh gspgiãaoih qug mhigj dugigs qug jk ikjkigj he ieogjtg sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug gstg mh ihcòhbk gj eks prkègchs bg ojtgrïs -phrh cgdkr k pgkr/ y+k ge frh# bk gj qug su aujiokjhcogjtk gs hbgiuhbk k prgsgjth bgtgrcojhbks prkègchs*

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\rkigsk # 17

H\ÏJBOIG4 HJÈEOYOY AWJIOKJHE RGJRHROQK H ikjtojuhioùj sg prgsgjth eh ojakrchioùj ikjbgjshbh ikrrgspkjbogjtg h ujh procgrh sgsoùj bg gjtrgvosth ikj ujh ieogjtg qug prgsgjth uj prkègch bg hjkrfhscoh* Rrhtg bg obgjtoaoihr hqug# eehs vhrohègs ocpkrthjtgs qug supugsthcgjtg pkbrãhj ojaeuor gj eh bosaujioùj krfèscoih bg eh ieogjtg* Iuhjbk tgrcojg% gsiro`h iuèegs skj gsths vhrohègs y iùck sg rgehiokjhj gjtrg sã> gs bgior% geh`krg uj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk tgjthtovk bg ek qug eg suigbg h eh ieogjtg*

\PGYGJRHIOÙJ BGE IHYK Euosh gs ujh cudgr bg 90 høks* Gstè ihshbh y togjg bks modks bg 2 y 6 høks* Hiubg h ikjsueth pkrqug jk mh gxpgrocgjthbk jujih krfhscks y% bgòbk h geek% ihbh vgz gstè cgjks ojtgrgshbh gj ge sgxk* Gstk gstè ojaeuygjbk gj ehs rgehiokjgs ikj su chrobk*

Bgeocothioùj% bgtgrcojhjtgs y rgpgriusokjgs bge prkègch* Euosh boig qug sogcprg mh tgjobk uj ojtgrïs jkrche pkr ge sgxk> gspgiohecgjtg eg htrhg eh gth# ph bg sgbuiioùj y dugfk hckrksk* Irgg qug gs ihphz bg gxiothrsg pgrk gj eh hituheobhb mh pgrbobk ihso tkthecgjtg ge bgsgk bg chjtgjgr rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs* Bgsbg ge ojoiok% sogcprg sgjtãh cès htrhiioùj ―ojtgegituhe– mhioh su chrobk qug jk aãsoih* Hituhecgjtg thcpkik sg sogjtg cuy htrhãbh aãsoihcgjtg pkr ïe* Gj fgjgrhe% su rgehioùj bg phrgdh gs ùgjh% hujqug irgg qug su jovge bg ikcu# joihioùj gs gsihsk y eg rgirocojh qug sg bgboih pkik h geeh y h sus modks pkrqug sg phsh tkbk ge bãh trh`hdhjbk* Gj eh hituheobhb chjtogjg rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs ujh vgz he cgs% hprkxochbhcgjtg* Gsths rgeh# iokjgs sogcprg hih`hj ikj ge ikotk y jk skj bgchsohbk shtosahitkrohs phrh Euosh* Ïsths sg sugegj bgshrrkeehr sogcprg bge cosck ckbk4 ge bãh qug bgiobgj chjtgjgr rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs sg quothj eh rkph rèpobhcgjtg eks bks% jk mhigj jojfôj topk bg dugfk prgvok y su chrobk sg ikekih gjioch suyk gyhiuehjbk he ih`k bg pkiks cojutks* Rhcpkik mhy hpgjhs ikjthitk ujh vgz qug su chrobk mh gyhiuehbk* Iuhjbk chjtogjgj rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs% eh pksturh ihso sogcprg gs eh cosch* Hefujh vgz mh ojtgjthbk pkjgrsg bg ehbk k geeh gjioch y ikcgjth qug geeh gstè uj pkik cès iùckbh bg gstg ckbk pkrqug hsã jk sogjtg thjtk ge pgsk bg su chrobk* Euosh ojakrch qug mhy ujh sgrog bg hspgitks qug ojaeuygj gj qug sus rgehiokjgs sghj uj pkik cès shtosahitkrohs% ikck pkr gdgcpek4 # # # #

Rgjgr dugfks prgvoks cès prkekjfhbks -hujqug pkihs vgigs mhj eegvhbk gstk h eh prèitoih yh qug h su chrobk jk eg hih`hj bg fusthr eks dugfks prgvoks y h Euosh thcpkik eg rgsueth frhtoaoihjtg ikck eks eegvh h ih`k su chrobk% yh qug ïstg gs uj pkik `rusik/* Gsthr gj ïpkihs bg vhihiokjgs% yh qug thjtk geeh ikck su chrobk gstèj cès rgehdhbks* Xug sus modks jk gstïj gj ihsh -gstk ôjoihcgjtg suigbg iuhjbk eks joøks sg vhj he pugèk ikj eks hùgeks 0 sgchjhs gj vgrhjk/* Ygjtorsg ògj ikjsofk cosch -sgjtorsg htrhitovh/*

\kr ktrh phrtg% Euosh sg chstur`h kihsokjhecgjtg% ujh vgz he cgs cès k cgjks* Jkrchecgj# tg% ek mhig gstorhbh gj eh ihch% hjtgs bg qug su chrobk sg vhyh h bkrcor% y sg mhig chshdgs arktèj# bksg eks fgjothegs* Gj fgjgrhe% eh chstur`hioùj eg rgsueth pehigjtgrh hujqug jk mh gxpgrocgjthbk jujih uj krfhsck* Bgsbg ge pujtk bg vosth bg Euosh% phrh qug ujh rgehioùj sgxuhe augsg obghe bg`grãh ojoiohrsg ikj ihroiohs y `gsks* \hrh geeh sgrãh prgagroèg qug ge dugfk prgvok burhsg `hsthjtg togcpk y sg moiogsg bg akrch phushbh* \kr ktrh phrtg% eg fusthrãh qug eh supogsgj hihroiohr ―ògj–% yh qug irgg qug su chrobk gs ojihphz bg mhigrek hbgiuhbhcgjtg% gs cuy `rusik y igjtrh tkbhs sus ihroiohs gj eks fgjothegs y gj eks pgimks* Hsocosck% irgg qug sgjtorsg htrhãbh pkr su phrgdh -thjtk aãsoih ikck gckiokjhecgjtg/ gs aujbhcgjthe phrh pkbgr tgjgr ujh rgehioùj sgxuhe shtosahitkroh* \kr ktrh phrtg% Euosh togjg hefujhs irggjiohs grrùjghs rgspgitk h ek qug bg`g sgr ujh rgehioùj sgxuhe4 irgg qug gj

\rkigsk # 11

ihbh rgehioùj bg`grãh tgjgr vhroks krfhscks y qug ïstks bg`grãhj sgr burhbgrks* Ikj rgehioùj h su gbuihioùj sgxuhe% Euosh ojakrch qug ïsth aug cuy gstroith pkr phrtg bg sus phbrgs y gj su ècòtk ahcoeohr% jujih sg eegfù h mhèhr hògrthcgjtg bge tgch* Hsocosck% thcpkik rgiugrbh mh`gr rgioòbk jojfujh gbuihioùj sgxuhe gj eh gsiugeh* Gj su ihsh% sg sgjtãh cuy ikjtrk# ehbh pkr su chbrg y sg eg ojiueih`h uj frhj tgckr h qugbhrsg gc`hrhzhbh* Bg mgimk% iuhjbk geeh grh hbkegsigjtg su chbrg sogcprg ikjtrkeh`h so tgjãh k jk eh rgfeh* Mhsth qug jk ojoioù sus gstu# boks supgrokrgs jk tuvk ojakrchioùj ikjirgth sk`rg sgxuheobhb y ïsth eh k`tuvk aujbhcgjthecgjtg bg eo`rks bg bovuefhioùj* Ikck ikjsgiugjioh bg gstg topk bg gbuihioùj% bgshrrkeeù% ujh hitotub jgfhtovh mhioh ge sgxk% qug irgg qug mh obk supgrhjbk h ek ehrfk bg eks høks*

Mostkroh bge prkègch Pgiugrbh mh`gr gcpgzhbk h chstur`hrsg h eks 87 høks% hujqug ikj sgjtocogjtks bg iueph* Ygøheh qug burhjtg gsh ïpkih thcòïj gxpgrocgjtù ujh gxpgrogjioh jgfhtovh gj eh qug uj bgpgj# bogjtg bg uj ikcgriok igrihjk eg hihroioù eks fgjothegs soj qug geeh ek muògsg ikjsgjtobk* Pgiugr# bh qug gstg mgimk eg mozk sgjtorsg cuy che y h rhãz bg gstk gvoth`h qugbhrsg h skehs ikj uj mkc# `rg chykr qug geeh* Hujqug gstks tkihcogjtks eg hagithrkj burhjtg ujh ïpkih -ujks 1 cgsgs/% gj eh hituheobhb irgg qug jk eg hagith* H eks 8? høks sg ojoioù gj ehs rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs ikj su procgrh phrgdh* Gsths augrkj pkik frhtoaoihjtgs* Ojieusk% rgiugrbh qug ehs procgrhs rgehiokjgs ikj pgjgtrhioùj augrkj uj pkik bkek# rkshs -sgfôj gxpeoih% gsth`hj eks bks cuy gxiothbks y su phrgdh gjsgfuobh ojoioh`h eh pgjgtrhioùj y gyhiueh`h h eks pkiks cojutks/* Bgsbg gjtkjigs% tuvk bks phrgdhs sgxuhegs cès% hujqug gspkrè# boihs% hjtgs bg ikjkigr h su chrobk* Gj sus procgrks ikjthitks sgxuhegs tgjãh cuimk cogbk h qugbhr gc`hrhzhbh pkrqug jk utoeozh`h jojfôj topk bg cïtkbk hjtoikjigptovk* \kstgrokrcgjtg% gcpgzù h utoeozhr hefujk% pgrk gstk thcpkik hyubù h qug ehs rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs augsgj cès frhto# aoihjtgs*

Rrhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs Euosh jk mh sgfuobk jojfôj trhthcogjtk mhsth ge ckcgjtk h pgshr bg qug sogcprg mh irgãbk qug su prkègch sgxuhe grh bgòbk h hefujh ihush aãsoih* Yoj gc`hrfk% gj ehs gxpekrhiokjgs fojg# ikeùfoihs qug eg mhj mgimk jk mhj bgtgithbk jojfôj prkègch cïboik qug pubogsg gxpeoihr sus prkègchs sgxuhegs* \kr ek bgcès% eks ôjoiks ojtgjtks qug mh mgimk pkr su iugjth phrh skeuiokjhr mhj ikjsostobk `èsoihcgjtg gj eggr eo`rks k rgvosths bg bovuefhioùj qug eg pubogsgj hpkrthr ojakrchioùj sk`rg sgxuheobhb* Hsocosck% thcòïj mh ojtgjthbk mhèhr hefujh vgz ikj su chrobk phrh prkpkjgreg mhigr hefujhs ikshs boagrgjtgs gj sus rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs% pgrk Euosh ikcgjth qug ―sg sogjtg cuy vokegjth– mhèhjbk bg gstks tgchs y qug pkihs vgigs mh ikjsgfuobk mhèhr hògrthcgjtg bg geek* Irgg qug su chrobk jk sh`g rghecgjtg ge topk bg rgehiokjgs qug h geeh eg fusthrãh* H prkpugsth bg su chrobk% thcòïj mh ojtgjthbk gxiothrsg vogjbk pgeãiuehs pkrjkfrèaoihs% ek iuhe thcpkik mh rg# suethbk gaoihz*

Gjagrcgbhbgs aãsoihs y cktovhioùj Euosh jk togjg jo mh tgjobk jojfujh gjagrcgbhb bgsthihèg jo tkch gj eh hituheobhb jojfujh cgboihioùj* Euosh boig gsthr cuy ojtgrgshbh gj skeuiokjhr gstg prkègch yh qug jk bgsgh qug ojtgraogrh gj su rgehioùj bg phrgdh*

\rki \rkigs gskk # 16

8

EKY AOJGY BG EH GQHEWHIOÙJ Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -8??9% pèf* 7=/ mh bgaojobk eh gvheuhioùj psoikeùfoih ikck "hqugeeh

bosiopeojh bg eh \soikekfãh qug sg kiuph bge gstubok iogjtãaoik bge ikcpkrthcogjtk -h eks jovgegs bg ikcpegdobhb jgigshroks/ bg uj ieogjtg -k uj frupk gspgioaoihbk bg ieogjtgs/ ikj ge aoj bg bgs# iroòr% iehsoaoihr% prgbgior y% gj su ihsk% gxpeoihr y ikjtrkehr the ikjbuith" *

Bgsbg ujh pgrspgitovh cès ieãjoih% pugbg bgaojorsg eh gvheuhioùj ikck hquge prkigsk h trhvïs bge iuhe sg trhth bg obgjtoaoihr% gspgioaoihr y iuhjtoaoihr ehs ikjbuiths k`dgtk bg gstubok ’ cktkrhs% ikfjotovhs% hutkjùcoihs% gckiokjhegs’ hsã ikck ehs vhrohègs hcògjthegs y pgrskjhegs rgehiokjhbhs ikj geehs -gj ge phshbk y+k gj ge prgsgjtg/% ikj eh aojheobhb bg gxpeoihr y ckboaoihr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk k eegvhr h ih`k iuhequogr topk bg hjèeosos k ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih4 bohfjùs# toik% prkjùstoik -prgbgior eh gvkeuioùj bg uj prkègch/% krogjthioùj -hikjsgdhr iogrtk topk bg tgrhpoh% hyubhr h ujh phrgdh h bgiobor so sg sgphrh k jk/% sgegiioùj -gegfor k jk h ujh pgrskjh phrh uj bgtgrcojhbk trhthcogjtk h ojvgstofhr/% vhekrhioùj bg eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks ikj eh ojtgr# vgjioùj* Gsths aojheobhbgs prèitoihs ocpeoihj ehs kpgrhiokjgs `èsoihs bg bgsiropioùj% iehsoaoihioùj% gxpeoihioùj% prgboiioùj y+k ikjtrke* Gj ikjirgtk y bgsbg ujh pgrspgitovh ieãjoih% eks aojgs bg eh gvheuhioùj pugbgj sgr eks so# fuogjtgs4

0

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Obgjtoaoihr eks prkègchs hituhegs y+k phshbks bg uj ieogjtg% bgsiroòreks y gspgioaoihr# eks*

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Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr hqugeehs vhrohègs hcògjthegs y pgrskjhegs qug ikjtroùygj h chjtgjgr eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg y hqugeehs qug pugbgj gxpeoihr ge surfocogjtk y bgsh# rrkeek bg eks coscks*

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Obgjtoaoihr rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg*

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Akrcuehr ujh k cès mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs qug bgj iugjth bg eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg*

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Obgjtoaoihr eks k`dgtovks qug ge ieogjtg quogrg ikjsgfuor*

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\grcotor ge bosgøk bg uj prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk ojbovobuheozhbk qug tgjfh gj iugjth eks bhtks k`tgjobks*

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Qhekrhr so ge trhthcogjtk sg hpeoih bge ckbk bgòbk y% gj ihsk ikjtrhrok% obgjtoaoihr eks cktovks y pgrcotor ehs hiiokjgs pgrtojgjtgs*

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Qhekrhr eks rgsuethbks qug sg vhj ikjsofuogjbk ikj ge trhthcogjtk y% gj ihsk jgigshrok% pgrcotor eh ojtrkbuiioùj bg ckboaoihiokjgs ckboaoihiokjgs gj ge cosck k ge ihcòk bg ojtgrvgjioùj* ojtgrvgjioùj*

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Qhekrhr eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks he aojhe bge trhthcogjtk y ge frhbk gj qug sg mhj ikjsgfuobk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks prkpugstks*

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Qhekrhr ge chjtgjocogjtk bg eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks*

Ktrks gdgcpeks bg irggjiohs rgehiokjhbhs ikj bovgrsks hspgitks skj4

\rki \rkigs gskk # 1=

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9

Rrostgzh4 h/ phrh sgr ageoz% bg`k tgjgr ïxotk gj tkbk ek qug cg prkpkjfh% `/ jk pugbk vo# vor soj to% i/ so hefuogj sg cugstrh gj bgshiugrbk ikjcofk% sofjoaoih qug jk eg fustk* Higpthioùj4 h/ jk sky jhbh h jk sgr qug cg quogrhj% `/ irãtoih sofjoaoih rgimhzk pgrskjhe% i/ sogcprg mhy qug ikcpehigr h eks e ks bgcès* Ikcpgtgjioh4 h/ sùek mhy fhjhbkrgs y pgrbgbkrgs gj eh vobh% `/ so ikcgtk uj grrkr% mg arhihshbk% i/ eks ïxotks bg eks bgcès quothj vhekr h eks cãks% b/ tgjfk qug mhigr ehs ikshs pgragithcgjtg% g/ so hefk jk gs pgragitk% jk gs ùgjk* ùgjk* Pgspkjshòeobhb4 h/ sky ge projiophe rgspkjshèg bg qug eks ktrks sg ek phsgj ògj iuhj# bk gstèj ikjcofk% `/ sky ge projiophe rgspkjshèg bg iùck skj cos modks* Ikjtrke4 h/ sky ge ôjoik qug pugbk skeuiokjhr cos prkègchs% `/ tgjfk qug chjtgjgr ge ikjtrke tkbk ge togcpk% i/ so ojtock bgchsohbk ikj hefuogj% cg ikjtrkehrè* Hjsogbhb4 h/ bg`k gsthr trhjquoek sogcprg% `/ gs pgeofrksk tgjgr sãjtkchs bg hjsogbhb* Ikcujoihioùj ojtgrpgrskjhe4 h/ gs ojahjtoe k ojhprkpohbk gxprgshr eks sgjtocogjtks pk# sotovks% `/ jk sg pugbg bgior jk bg uj ckbk hchèg% i/ ehs kpojokjgs bg ujk jk skj thj vheokshs ikck ehs bg eks ktrks% b/ eh fgjtg jk eg hprgioh h ujk so sg cugstrh bgshiugrbk ikj hefk bg ek qug boigj*

Gs bgior4 # #

Rkchjbk ikck pujtk bg phrtobh phrtobh ge jôcgrk bg vgigs vgigs qug hphrgig ge hjtgigbgjtg% hjtgigbgjtg% mhy qug bgtgrcojhr ge jôcgrk bg vgigs gj qug sg bh eh ikjbuith y iheiuehr ge pkrigjthdg ikrrgs# pkjbogjtg* Hbgcès% mhy qug mhigr mhigr ek cosck% pgrk tkchjbk tkchjbk ikck pujtk bg bg rgagrgjioh rgagrgjioh ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug jk hphrgig ge hjtgigbgjtg* Eugfk% mhy qug ikcphrhr eks bks pkrigjthdgs*

2

Eh ikjtojfgjioh gs pksotovh so eh procgrh prk`hòeobhb gs chykr qug eh sgfujbh y jgfhtovh gj ihsk ikjtrhrok* Eh ikjtojfgjioh gs ikcpegth k pgragith iuhjbk ujh bg ehs bks prk`hòeobhbgs gs igrk y eh ktrh gs chykr qug igrk* Qghcks bks gdgcpeks* Wj ieogjtg prgsgjth bkekr bg ih`gzh ge ?<' bg ehs vgigs trhs ujh bos# iusoùj ikj su phrgdh* Yh`gr socpegcgjtg gstk jk gs suaoiogjtg phrh ikjieuor qug eh bosiusoùj ikj# yufhe gs uj hjtgigbgjtg bge bkekr* Gs jgigshrok gsthègigr hbgcès qug ge bkekr bg ih`gzh hphrgig uj pkrigjthdg bg vgigs cuimk cgjkr -p*gd*% 7<' k cgjks/ iuhjbk jk mhy bosiusokjgs ikjyufhegs* Yo ge bkekr bg ih`gzh hphrgiogrh thcòïj ge =7' bg ehs vgigs gj qug jk mhy bosiusokjgs ikjyufh# egs% eh ikjieusoùj sgrãh qug gsths bosiusokjgs jk skj ujh vhrohèg rgegvhjtg* Gs bgior% jk mh`rãh rgehioùj gjtrg gsths y ge bkekr bg ih`gzh% yh qug eh pgrskjh togjg eh cosch prk`hòeobhb bg suaror gstg bkekr iuhjbk mhy bosiusokjgs qug iuhjbk jk ehs mhy* Gj ihcòk% iuhjtk chykr sgh eh boag# rgjioh gjtrg eks bks pkrigjthdgs% cès bgpgjbg eh kiurrgjioh bg eh ikjbuith bg eh bge hjtgigbgjtg* Yupkjfhcks hmkrh qug ge bkekr bg ih`gzh sg bh ge 9<' bg ehs vgigs qug mhy bosiusoùj chrothe y ge 7' bg ehs vgigs qug jk mhy boimk topk bg bosiusoùj* \ugbg bgiorsg gjtkjigs qug boimk bkekr bgpgjbg gj phrtg bg eh kiurrgjioh bg bosiusokjgs chrothegs* Yo ge sgfujbk pkrigjthdg augrh <'% eh ikjtojfgjioh sgrãh pgragith% cogjtrhs qug so augrh 9<'% jk mh`rãh ikjtojfgjioh4 ge bkekr bg ih`gzh y ehs bosiusokjgs chrothegs jk tgjbrãhj jhbh qug vgr% yh qug eh pgrskjh tgjbrãh eh cosch prk`hò# eobhb bg suaror gstg bkekr iuhjbk mhy bosiusokjgs qug iuhjbk jk ehs mhy* \kr ktrh phrtg% so mhy ikjtojfgjioh y ge procgr pkrigjthdg jk gs cuy hetk % quogrg bgior h/ qug eh prk`hòeobhb bg eh ikjbuith bgpgjbg bg iogrths ihrhitgrãstoihs bge hjtgigbgjtg obgjtoaoihbk -p*gd*% ikjtgjobk k ojtgjsobhb bg eh bosiusoùj chrothe/ y+k `/ qug ktrks ahitkrgs hjtgigbgjtgs bg`gj ojtgrhituhr ikj ge obgjtoaoihbk phrh bhr eufhr h eh ikjbuith -bkekr bg ih`gzh/% yh qug gsth jk sg bh cuimhs bg ehs vgigs bgspuïs bg eh kiurrgjioh bg hquge* Hbgcès% so ge sgfujbk pkrigjthdg augrh sofjoaoihtovhcgj# tg chykr qug igrk% mh`rãh% hbgcès bge obgjtoaoihbk% ktrks hjtgigbgjtgs bge bkekr bg ih`gzh*

\rki \rkigs gskk # 1?

Gj sgfujbk eufhr% sg ùsih gsthègigr phrh ihbh phr bg hikjtgiocogjtks -p*gd*% uj hjtgigbgjtg y ujh ikjbuith/ jk sùek eh prk`hòeobhb bg qug eh ikjbuith prkègcètoih sofh h uj bgtgrcojhbk hjtgigbgjtg% sojk thcòïj eh prk`hòeobhb -pkrigjthdg bg vgigs/ bg qug eh ikjbuith sgh prgig# bobh pkr boimk hjtgigbgjtg * Gs bgior% tkchjbk ikck pujtk bg phrtobh ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug hphrgig eh ikjbuith prkègcètoih% mhy qug bgtgrcojhr iuhjths bg gsths vgigs augrkj prgigbobhs pkr ge hjtgigbgjtg> gstk bh ujh obgh bg eh ocpkrthjioh bg gstg* Hsã% gs pksoèg qug ge bkekr bg ih# `gzh kiurrh ge ?<' bg ehs vgigs gj qug mh mhòbk ujh bosiusoùj chrothe% pgrk qug sùek ge 06' bg eks bkekrgs bg ih`gzh sg vghj prgigbobks pkr boimhs bosiusokjgs -pkr thjtk ge 69' jk vhj prgigbo# bks pkr geehs/* Yo sùek sg ikjsobgrh ge procgr pkrigjthdg% hefujks pkbrãhj pgjshr qug ehs bosiusok# jgs chrothegs sgrãhj ehs rgspkjshègs projiophegs bge prkègch* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge sgfujbk pkrigjth# dg ojboih qug gxostgj ktrks hjtgigbgjtgs ocpkrthjtgs bge bkekr bg ih`gzh -p*gd*% prkègchs gikjù# coiks% gxigsk bg trh`hdk/ qug mh`rãh qug bgsiu`ror* Ikjsobgrgcks eks sofuogjtgs bhtks bg uj ieogjtg k`tgjobks h ek ehrfk bg 9 cgsgs* Jôcgrk bg bãhs Ikj bosiusoùj prgvoh Yoj bosiusoùj prgvoh

0< 81<

J´ bg bãhs ikj bkekr \krigjthdg bg bãhs bg ih`gzh ikj bkekr bg ih`gzh 8= ?<' 2= 9<'

Ygfôj gstks bhtks% ge bkekr bg ih`gzh kiurrg ge ?<' bg eks bãhs gj qug mh mhòbk ujh bosiu# soùj chrothe y ge 9<' bg eks bãhs gj qug jk mh mhòbk the bosiusoùj* Hmkrh ògj% bg eks 11 bãhs ikj bkekr bg ih`gzh% sùek ge 06%9' -8= bg 11/ augrhj prgigbobks pkr bosiusokjgs ikjyufhegs> pkr thjtk ge 60%6' -2= bg 11/ jk augrkj prgigbobks pkr geehs* 7

Gj Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -8??2% pèfs* ?8 y 82=/ % pugbgj vgrsg gdgcpeks bg mopùtgsos prg# sgjthbhs gj akrch frèaoih* Gj ge gdgcpek bg eh pèf* ?8 pugbgj vgrsg rgehiokjgs ihushegs òborgi# iokjhegs -p*gd*% gjtrg _8 g _ 0/> côetopegs vhrohègs bgpgjbogjtgs g ojbgpgjbogjtgs y côetopegs vãhs ihushegs -hujqug eh boagrgjiohioùj gjtrg gstks bks topks bg vhrohègs gs cès ikjvgjiokjhe qug rghe iuhjbk sg pkstuehj rgehiokjgs òborgiiokjhegs/> eks pgsks rgehtovks bg ehs rgehiokjgs ihushegs> rgeh# iokjgs cgbohbhs -p*gd*% ]0 ←]1 ←_0/> rgehiokjgs ihushegs gjtrg ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs -_ 8 g _0/> rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs jk ihushegs -] 2 ⇒]7/* Gxostg ujh rgehioùj aujiokjhe iuhjbk bks k cès vhrohègs togjgj vhrohjzh ikcphrtobh* Mhyjgs y K&@rogj -8??
Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ocpeoihj sùek ujh ikvhrohjzh gjtrg vhrohègs% bg ckbk qug ehs rgehiokjgs pugbgj sgr ihushegs k ikrrgehiokjhegs > bg tkbhs akrchs% skj ehs procgrhs ehs qug ojtgrgshj bg ihrh he trhthcogjtk* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs vhrohègs pugbgj sgr pkr uj ehbk ikjtrkehègs k jk> y pkr ktrk% ocpkrthjtgs k trovohegs sgfôj ge thjtk pkr iogjtk bg vh# rohjzh qug gxpeoqugj gj eh rgehioùj -k gj ge ckbgek cuetoihushe/*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs rgquogrgj h/ qug eh vhrohèg ojbgpgjbogjtg -QO% hikjtgiocogjtk ihushe/ prgigbh gj ge togcpk h eh vhrohèg bgpgjbogjtg -QB% hikjtgio# cogjtk ihushbk/% `/ qug eh prk`hòeobhb bg ihcòk gj eh QB bhbk uj ihcòk gj eh QO sgh sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg boagrgjtg bg eh prk`hòeobhb bg ihcòk gj eh QB bhbh ujh husgjioh bg ihcòk gj eh QO% y i/ qug sg gxieuyhj gxpeoihiokjgs hetgrjhtovhs bg ehs rgehiokjgs k`sgr# vhbhs*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs pugbgj sgrek rgiãprkih k òborgiiokjhecgjtg * Eh gvothioùj hfkrhaùòih pugbg eegvhr h eh bgprgsoùj y+k gsth pugbg ikjbuior h eh gvothioùj

\rkigsk # 6<

hfkrhaùòih* #

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs jk togjgj pkr quï sgr eojghegs% sojk qug pugbgj hsu# cor ujh akrch iuhbrètoih% phrh`ùeoih% ekfhrãtcoih k òaèsoih> pkr gdgcpek% gxostg ujh rgeh# ioùj bg u ojvgrtobh gjtrg ge rgjbocogjtk y ge frhbk bg hitovhioùj* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs rgeh# iokjgs ihushegs pugbg prgsgjthr gagitks bg sugek k bg tgimk*

#

Wjh rgehioùj ihushe pugbg gsthr gj gagitk sùek iuhjbk sg mh sk`rgphshbk uj jovge irã# toik bg eh vhrohèg ihushe* Hsã% pugbg bgsiu`rorsg ujh rgehioùj ihushe gjtrg ikjaeoitk chro# the y hthqugs bg pèjoik sùek iuhjbk ge procgrk heihjzh ujh iogrth chfjotub*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs jk skj gxieuygjtgs* Wjh rgehioùj gjtrg ujh QB -p*gd*% bgprg# soùj/ y vhrohs QO -jgurktrhjscoskrgs/ jk ocpobg qug mhyh ktrhs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ocpkrthjtgs gjtrg boimh QB y ktrhs QO -ikfjoiokjgs jgfhtovhs% pïrbobh bg rgakrzhcogjtk skiohe/* Hsã pugs% ujh ikjbuith pugbg tgjgr% y bg mgimk argiugjtgcgjtg togjg% côetopegs ihushs% ehs iuhegs pugbgj ojtgrhituhr k tgjgr gagitks hbotovks k sojïrfoiks > eh ocpkr# thjioh k pgsk bg gsths ihushs vhrãh sgfôj ehs pgrskjhs*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs gjtrg bks vhrohègs pugbgj gsthr cgbohbhs pkr ktrhs vhrohègs* Hsã% ge qug uj ieogjtg ikj trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ojtgrprgtg cès k cgjks ih# thstrùaoihcgjtg iogrths sgjshiokjgs ikrpkrhegs bgpgjbgrè bg ehs gxpeoihiokjgs qug tgjfh phrh gsths y bg eh prgsgjioh bg sgøhegs bg sgfurobhb -p*gd*% ujh pgrskjh bg ikjaohjzh/*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs skj sogcprg prk`hòeãstoihs gj vgz bg bgtgrcojosths*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs pugbgj vhrohr ikj ge togcpk % thjtk pkr ek qug rgspgith h ehs QO rgehiokjhbhs ikj eh QB ikck h eh augrzh bg eh rgehioùj* Hsã% ehs rgspugsths bg bkekr ojoiohecgjtg ojbuiobhs pkr ahitkrgs krfèjoiks pugbgj tgrcojhr pkr sgr chjtgjobhs projio# phecgjtg pkr ahitkrgs skiohegs*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs togjgj bkcojoks k eãcotgs bg aujiokjhcogjtk -p*gd*% ikjtgx# tks/* Gs bgior% skj vèeobhs skehcgjtg `hdk iogrths ikjboiokjgs y sotuhiokjgs* \kr gdgcpek% eh rgehioùj gjtrg `hdh hutkgaoihioh y rgihãbh gj ge ihsk bg eh brkfkbgpgjbgjioh sg bh sk# ehcgjtg gj uj hcògjtg gj ge iuhe eh brkfh gstè bospkjoèg*

#

Wjh vhrohèg ojbgpgjbogjtg gj ujh rgehioùj aujiokjhe pugbg sgr jgigshroh% suaoiogjtg% jgigshroh y suaoiogjtg k jo jgigshroh jo suaoiogjtg -p*gd*% ikrrgehiokjhe/*

#

Ehs vhrohègs aujiokjhegs vhrãhj gj su jovge -ojbovobuhe% ojtgrpgrskjhe% skiohe/ y bg`gj sgr utoeozhbhs gj ge cès pgrtojgjtg phrh ihbh hpeoihioùj -ojbovobuks% frupks% ikcujobh# bgs/* \kr gdgcpek% eh gvothioùj hfkrhaùòih pugbg gsthr rgehiokjhbh ikj vhrohègs bg ch# irkjovge -iehsg skiohe% gtjoh/ y ikj vhrohègs bg coirkjovge -cogbk h eks hthqugs bg pèjo# ik/* Ehs procgrhs pugbgj ojtgrgshr cès he skioùekfk k he psoiùekfk ikcujothrok y ehs sg# fujbhs he psoiùekfk ieãjoik*

#

Rkbhs ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs pugbgj bgsiroòrsg chtgcètoihcgjtg*

Gxostgj cuimhs pksoègs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs gj ihbh ihsk* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge tgrhpguth gstè prockrbohecgjtg ojtgrgshbk gj hqugeehs vhrohègs ocpkrthjtgs y ikjtrkehègs iuyh chjopuehioùj bï eufhr h uj ihcòk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk* Mhyjgs y K&@rogj -8??<% pèf* 172/ bgaojgj ge hjèeosos aujiokjhe ikck eh obgjtoaoihioùj bg rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs% ocpkrthjtgs y ikjtrkehègs% hpeoihègs h uj ikjdujtk gspgioaoihbk bg ikjbuiths k`dgtovk bg uj bgtgrcojhbk ieogjtg* Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs jk sg eocothj h hqugeehs gjtrg QO y QB% sojk qug ojieuygj

\rkigsk # 68

thcòïj ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg vhrohègs ihushegs k QO* Hsã% uj ojskcjok pugbg sgr ujh aujioùj bg uj gsthbk bgprgsovk y bg uj bgshdustg chrothe% pgrk hbgcès gstg ôetock pugbg sgr ujh vhrohèg ihushe phrh ge gsthbk bgprgsovk k gsthr ikrrgehiokjhbk ikj gstg* Mhyjgs -0<<7/ bgsiro`g eks phsks h sgfuor phrh geh`krhr uj hjèeosos aujiokjhe* 1

Ktrk prkègch ikj eks bhtks jkrchtovks gs qug ehs ikjboiokjgs gj ehs qug sg k`togjgj gj eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe y bosaujiokjhe jk skj ehs coschs* -Nhzboj% 8???/* Eks bg eh pkèhioùj auj# iokjhe rhrhcgjtg gstèj `hshbks gj pgrskjhs qug mhyhj sobks gvheuhbhs gj bks ckcgjtks boagrgj# tgs* Gj ikjtrhstg% eks bhtks bg eh pkèhioùj bosaujiokjhe sugegj k`tgjgrsg gj uj ikjtgxtk bg gvh# euhioùj bge trhthcogjtk y ikj gvheuhiokjgs rgpgtobhs -prg# y pkstrhthcogjtk/* Gstk mhig qug eh pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk bg eks phiogjtgs jk sgh jgigshrohcgjtg ikcphrhèg ikj eh k`tgjobh gj eh pkèhioùj aujiokjhe* Ygffhr% Ehc`grt y Mhjsgj -0<<0/ ikjsobgrhj qug ge gcpegk bg ojtgrvheks bg ikjaohjzh gs rgbujbhjtg iuhjbk sg gcpegh ge ãjboig bg ihcòk gsthbãstoihcgjtg aohèg -OIGA/% yh qug eh aùr# cueh phrh iheiuehr uj ojtgrvhek bg ikjaohjzh gs ge pujtk bg ikrtg ¸ 0OIGA* Yo sg ush uj ojtgrvhek bg ikjaohjzh% sofjoaoih qug eh pujtuhioùj bg uj phiogjtg bg`g ihcòhr he cgjks eh chfjotub bge OIGA y qug jk pugbg ikcgjzhr bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bgtgrcojhbh pkr ge OIGA he utoeozhr ge pujtk bg ikrtg ikck pujtk cgbok* Yk`rgphshr ge pujtk bg ikrtg y ikjsgfuor uj ihcòk supgrokr he OIGA gs suaoiogjtg phrh bgtgrcojhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* Hbgcès% so sg ushrhj ojtgrvheks bg ikjaohj# zh% eks bhtks bg eks phiogjtgs qug ihygrhj bgjtrk bg eks coscks jk pkbrãhj gcpeghrsg* 6

=

Mochbo% @koig y @hrekw -8?=1/ prkpkjgj qug ge gsthtus bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gs sofjoaoihtovk sùek phrh hqugeeks ieogjtgs qug rgspkjbgj he trhthcogjtk* Gj ktrhs pheh`rhs% eks irotg# roks bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg`gj hpeoihrsg sùek h eks ieogjtgs qug rgspkjbgj k cgdkrhj ikj ge trhthcogjtk* Bg gstg ckbk% ge ekfrk bg uj gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gegvh# bk bgpgjbg bg ihcòks jkthègs burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk y jk bg pgqugøks ihcòks gj ieogjtgs qug gstuvogrhj yh gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk igrih bg boimk gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk*

O\IY # 8

O\IY # 8

Ahiuetht bg \soikekfoh Bgphrthcgjt bg \grskjheotht% Hvheuhioù o Rrhithcgjt \soikeðfois

EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ \YOIKEÙFOIH4 IHPHIRGPÃYROIHY _ CKBGEKY Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Bgphrthcgjtk bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtk \soikeùfoiks Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh% Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh 08 bg kitu`rg bg 0<<= BGAOJOIOÙJ _ IHPHIRGPÃYROIHY BG EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ \YOIKEÙFOIH******************* 0 HIROQOBHBGY BG EKY \YOIÙEKFKY IEÃJOIKY******************************************************************* 9 Gvheuhioùj************************************************************************************************************************************ 9 Rrhthcogjtk% prgvgjioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj************************************************************************************** 9 Ojvgstofhioùj ******************************************************************************************************************************** 1 Gjsgøhjzh************************************************************************************************************************************* 1 Hsgskrhcogjtk****************************************************************************************************************************** 1 Borgiioùj y fgstoùj*********************************************************************************************************************** 6 JOQGEGY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ **************************************************************************************************** 6 Ojtgrvgjioùj gj phrgdh k ahcoeoh*************************************************************************************************** = Ojtgrvgjioùj gj frupk******************************************************************************************************************* = Ojtgrvgjioùj gj eh ikcujobhb **************************************************************************************************** 8< CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ *********************************************************************************************** 8< Ckbgek cïboik u krfèjoik********************************************************************************************************* 88 Ckbgek ikcujothrok ******************************************************************************************************************* 88 Ckbgeks psoikbojècoiks ************************************************************************************************************ 89 Ckbgeks agjkcgjkeùfoiks ********************************************************************************************************* 8= Ckbgeks sostïcoiks ******************************************************************************************************************** 02 Ckbgeks ikjbuituhegs y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs*********************************************************************** 0= AHIRKPGY BOAGPGJIOHEGY GJRPG EKY BOQGPYKY CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ 92 AHIRKPGY IKCWJGY H EHY BOYROJRHY KPOGJRHIOKJGY******************************************** 91 GIEGIROIOYCK G OJRGFPHIOÙJ ******************************************************************************************* 9= Ropks bg giegitoiosck y jovgegs bg ojtgfrhioùj************************************************************************** 9? K`stèiueks phrh eh ojtgfrhioùj *************************************************************************************************** 28

O\IY # 0

ÈPGHY BG H\EOIHIOÙJ *********************************************************************************************************** 20 PGAGPGJIOHY***************************************************************************************************************************** 26

BGAOJOIOÙJ _ IHPHIRGPÃYROIHY BG EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ \YOIKEÙFOIH Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih ikjsostg gj eh hpeoihioùj bg projiopoks y tïijoihs psoikeùfoiks pkr phrtg bg uj prkagsokjhe hirgbothbk ikj ge aoj bg hyubhr h ktrhs pgrskjhs h ikcprgjbgr sus prk# ègchs% h rgbuior k supgrhr gstks% h prgvgjor eh kiurrgjioh bg eks coscks y+k h cgdkrhr ehs ihphio# bhbgs pgrskjhegs k rgehiokjgs bg ehs pgrskjhs huj gj husgjioh bg prkègchs* Gdgcpeks4 hyubhr h ujh pgrskjh h rgbuior sus k`sgsokjgs% h ujh ahcoeoh ikjaeoitovh h ikcujoihrsg cgdkr% h ujks joøks bg uj cgbok bgsahvkrgiobk phrh prgvgjor ge hucgjtk bg ikjbuiths hfrgsovhs ojiopogjtgs% h hbkegs# igjtgs jkrchegs h cgdkrhr sus mhòeobhbgs bg rgehioùj mgtgrksgxuhe* Gj fgjgrhe% eks ihcpks bg hpeoihioùj bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih skj cuy vhrohbks4 ieãjoih y sheub% gbuihioùj% èrgh eh`k# rhe% prkfrhchs ikcujothroks% bgpkrtg* Eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub mh sobk bgaojobh ikck hqugeeh gspgioheozhioùj bg eh psoik# ekfãh qug hpeoih eks projiopoks% tïijoihs y ikjkiocogjtks iogjtãaoiks bgshrrkeehbks pkr gsth phrh gvheuhr% bohfjkstoihr% gxpeoihr% trhthr% ckboaoihr y+k prgvgjor ehs hjkcheãhs k eks trhstkrjks cgjth# egs k iuhequogr ktrk ikcpkrthcogjtk rgegvhjtg phrh eks prkigsks bg sheub y gjagrcgbhb% gj eks bostojtks y vhrohbks ikjtgxtks gj qug gstks pugbhj tgjgr eufhr -Ikegfok Kaoiohe bg \soiùekfks% 8??=/* Eks agjùcgjks qug ikjstotuygj ge igjtrk bg htgjioùj bg eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub skj eks trhstkrjks cgjthegs k bge ikcpkrthcogjtk -ikrrgspkjbhj k jk h irotgroks bohfjùstoiks prg# gsthègiobks/% iuhequogr ktrk topk bg ikcpkrthcogjtk -jkrche k phtkeùfoik/ qug hagitg h eh sheub y eks prkigsks y gsthbks bg sheub y ògjgsthr* Eh tgrhpoh psoikeùfoih -psoiktgrhpoh/ gs ujh phrtg bg eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub* @grjs# tgoj y Jogtzge -8?=<+8?==% pèf* 90
O\IY # 9

`hshbh gj ujh tgkrãh iogjtãaoih bg eh pgrskjheobhb% bg sus trhstkrjks y bg eh ckboaoihioùj bg gstks% y bg`g prgsgjthr gvheuhiokjgs gcpãroihs bg sus gagitks% pksotovks y jgfhtovks -Mu`gr% iothbk gj Èvoeh% 8??2% pèf* 81/* Gstk gs gspgiohecgjtg ocpkrthjtg pkrqug yh \hrekaa -iothbk gj Èvoeh% 8??2% pèf* 8=/ bodk4 "Jk mhy akrch bg psoiktgrhpoh qug mhyh sobk ojoiohbh soj prgfkjhr qug togjg vgjthdhs tgrhpïutoihs ôjoihs* \grk jojfujh akrch bg psoiktgrhpoh mh sobk h`hjbkjhbh h ihush bg su arhihsk gj iucpeor ek qug prgfkjh"* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih akrche jk gs sùek eegvhbh h ih`k pkr psoiùekfks ieãjoiks% sojk thcòïj pkr psoquohtrhs y% sgfôj eks phãsgs% eks trh`hdhbkrgs skiohegs % eks ikjsgdgrks rgeofoksks% eks ikjsgdgrks chtrockjohegs y ehs gjagrcgrhs psoquoètroihs* \kr ktrh phrtg% jk skj sùek eks prkagsokjhegs eks qug `rojbhj hsostgjioh psoikeùfoih% sojk qug pugbg bhrsg eh phrtoiophioùj bg ph# rhprkagsokjhegs cès k cgjks gjtrgjhbks -vkeujthroks% gx#phiogjtgs% phbrgs% chgstrks/ `hdk eh supgrvosoùj bg uj prkagsokjhe*

HIROQOBHBGY BG EKY \YOIÙEKFKY IEÃJOIKY Wj psoiùekfk ieãjoik sg bgboih h ujh k cès bg ehs sofuogjtgs hitovobhbgs4 gvheuhioùj% trhth# cogjtk+prgvgjioùj+ojtgrvgjioùj% ojvgstofhioùj% gjsgøhjzh% hsgskrhcogjtk y borgiioùj+fgstoùj -@grjstgoj y Jogtzge% 8?=<+8?==> Ikegfok Kaoiohe bg \soiùekfks% 8??=> Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb% 8?=0+8?==/*

GQHEWHIOÙJ Gj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj% ge psoiùekfk ieãjoik trhth bg obgjtoaoihr% gspgioaoihr y iuhjtoao# ihr ehs ikjbuiths% ihphiobhbgs% prkègchs% rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bg ujh k cès pgrskjhs hsã ikck ehs vhrohègs pgrskjhegs y hcògjthegs qug eks chjtogjgj % ikj eh aojheobhb bg gxpeo# ihr y ckboaoihr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk k eegvhr h ih`k iuhequogr topk bg hjèeosos k ojtgrvgjioùj pso# ikeùfoih4 bohfjùstoik -p*gd*% h jovge ieãjoik% pgroiohe k ojstotuiokjhe/% prkjùstoik -prgbgior eh gvk# euioùj bg uj prkègch k eh rgspugsth h iogrth ojtgrvgjioùj/% krogjthioùj -hikjsgdhr iogrtk topk bg tgrhpoh k bg ihrrgrh% hyubhr h ujh phrgdh h bgiobor so sg sgphrh k jk/% sgegiioùj -gegfor k jk h ujh pgrskjh phrh uj bgtgrcojhbk trhthcogjtk h ojvgstofhr% phrh iogrtk trh`hdk k phrh ktkrfhreg iogrtks pgrcosks ikck ge bg hrchs k ikjbuiioùj bg hutkcùvoegs/% vhekrhioùj bg eks rgsuethbks ikjsg# fuobks ikj eh ojtgrvgjioùj* Bg ihrh h ikjsgfuor eks k`dgtovks bg eh gvheuhioùj% sg bospkjg bg ujh sgrog bg cïtkbks `èso# iks4 gjtrgvosth -he ieogjtg y h ktrhs pgrskjhs/% iugstokjhroks y gsihehs -he ieogjtg y h ktrhs pgrsk# jhs/% hutkk`sgrvhioùj% k`sgrvhioùj% prug`hs ikfjotovhs k`dgtovhs% rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks% prug`hs cïboihs% bhtks bg hrimovk+bkiucgjtks mostùroiks*

RPHRHCOGJRK% \PGQGJIOÙJ G OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Gj gsth hitovobhb% ge psoiùekfk hyubh h ktrhs pgrskjhs h ikcprgjbgr sus prkègchs% h rgbuior k supgrhr gstks% h prgvgjor eh kiurrgjioh bg eks coscks k h cgdkrhr ehs ihphiobhbgs pgrskjhegs* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% sg gcpegh ge jkc`rg fgjgrhe bg ojtgrvgjioùj cès qug ge bg trh# thcogjtk% ge iuhe sg rgsgrvh phrh hqugeeks ihsks gj qug ge k`dgtovk gs rgskevgr prkègchs prgsgjtgs* \ksoègs gdgcpeks bg gstg topk bg hitovobhb skj4 hyubhr h ujh pgrskjh h rgbuior su gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk% h ujh phrgdh ikjaeoitovh h ikcujoihrsg cgdkr y sh`gr jgfkiohr gjtrg geeks% h ujh pgrskjh h chjgdhr su bkekr irùjoik% h ujks joøks bg uj cgbok bgsahvkrgiobk phrh prgvgjor ge hu#

O\IY # 2

cgjtk bg ikjbuiths hfrgsovhs ojiopogjtgs% h ujh ojstotuioùj bg hjiohjks h ihcòhr su aujiokjh# cogjtk% h ujks hbkegsigjtgs h cgdkrhr sus mhòeobhbgs skiohegs% he pôèoik gj fgjgrhe phrh qug hbquogrh k akcgjtg iogrtks mèòtks bg sheub% gti* Yg sugeg bostojfuor gjtrg4 h/ \rgvgjioùj prochroh4 ojtgrvgjioùj borofobh h gvothr eh hphroioùj bg prkègchs -trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% brkfhboiioùj% YOBH% gc`hrhzks jk bgsghbks% trhstkrjks ihrbokvhsiuehrgs% gti*/* Eh prgvgjioùj prochroh bg`g bostojfuorsg bg eh prkckioùj bg eh sheub % gj eh iuhe eh ojtgrvgjioùj sg borofg h gjsgøhr k pktgjiohr rgpgrtkroks sheubhègs ikj ge k`dgtovk bg chjtgjgr eh sheub y cgdkrhr eh iheobhb bg vobh* `/ \rgvgjioùj sgiujbhroh 4 ojtgrvgjioùj borofobh h obgjtoaoihr eks prkègchs gj eh ahsg cès tgcprhjh pksoèg y h hituhr ek cès prkjtk qug sg pugbh sk`rg eks coscks phrh qug jk sg hfrhvgj* i/ Rrhthcogjtk4 ojtgrvgjioùj sk`rg prkègchs yh ikj# skeobhbks* b/ \rgvgjioùj tgriohroh4 ojtgrvgjioùj borofobh h prgvgjor rgihãbhs gj uj prkègch yh trhthbk k h gvothr ikcpeoihiokjgs pkstgrokrgs bg prkègchs irùjoiks k cgdkrhr eh iheobhb bg vobh bg ehs pgrskjhs qug eks phbgigj* Eh prgvgjioùj tgriohroh ojieuyg ge ikjigptk ieèsoik bg rgmhòeoth# ioùj* Yg mh irotoihbk eh hjtgrokr iehsoaoihioùj bg topks bg prgvgjioùj y sg mh boimk qug sùek bg`grãh mhèhrsg bg prgvgjioùj gj ge ihsk bg eh prgvgjioùj prochroh* Ge trhthcogjtk mhrãh rgagrgjioh h eh ojtgrvgjioùj sk`rg prkègchs ojiopogjtgs k gsthègiobks y ge tïrcojk bg prgvgjioùj tgriohroh qug# bhrãh sustotuobk pkr ge bg chjtgjocogjtk* Bgjtrk bg gsth jugvh ùptoih sg mhj bostojfuobk trgs topks bg prgvgjioùj4 h/ Wjovgrshe4 borofobh h eh pkèhioùj gj fgjgrhe soj qug ehs pgrskjhs mhyhj sobk sgegiiokjhbhs pkr tgjgr hefôj ahitkr bg rogsfk phrh ge trhstkrjk qug sg quogrg prgvgjor* `/ Ygegitovh4 borofobh h pgrskjhs qug togjgj uj rogsfk chykr qug ktrhs pgrskjhs bg bgshrrkeehr ge trhstkrjk* i/ Ojboihbh4 borofobh h pgrskjhs bg hetk rogsfk qug yh prgsgjthj chjoagsthiokjgs suìeã# joihs prgiurskrhs bge trhstkrjk k gj ehs qug sg mh bgtgithbk hefôj chrihbkr òkeùfoik qug prgbos# pkjfh he cosck* Eh prgvgjioùj ojboihbh sg ikjkig thcòïj ikj ge jkc`rg bg htgjioùj tgcprhjh -Rkrtoeeh#Ageou% 0<<0/* Gxostgj bovgrsks topks bg ojtgrvgjioùj4 psoikhjèeosos% tgrhpoh psoikbojècoih% tgrhpoh bg ikj# buith% tgrhpoh ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe% hjèeosos trhjshiiokjhe% tgrhpoh sostïcoih% gti* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih pugbg rgheozhrsg ikj ojbovobuks% phrgdhs% ahcoeohs% frupks y ikcujobhbgs*

Eufhrgs bg ojtgrvgjioùj* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg eegvhrsg h ih`k gj igjtrks bg sheub cgjthe% sgrvoioks mkspothehroks bg psoquohtrãh% sgrvoioks psoquoètroiks bg gspgioheobhbgs cïboihs -Cgboiojh Ojtgrjh% Pguchtkekfãh% Pgmhòeothioùj% Mgchtkekfãh% Wjobhbgs bg Bkekr y bg Iuobhbks \heohtovks% gti*/% igjtrks cujoiophegs bg prkckioùj bg eh sheub% igjtrks bg trhthcogjtk bg brkfkbgpgjbgjiohs% igjtrks gbuihtovks% igjtrks bg htgjioùj psoikpgbhfùfoih% ojstotuiokjgs phrh rgtrhshbks cgjthegs% igjtrks bg hsostgjioh he cgjkr% ojstotuiokjgs pgjotgjiohrohs% rgsobgjiohs bg hjiohjks% igjtrks bg hiioùj skiohe% igjtrks bg rgmhòeothioùj bg ojvèeobks% gquopks bgpkrtovks% igjtrks coeothrgs% gcprg# shs% hskiohiokjgs bg hagithbks -p*gd*% eubkphtãh% hjkrgxoh+ùeocoh% hfkrhakòh% ièjigr/ y prèitoih provhbh* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih pugbg hpeoihrsg phrh heihjzhr cgths cès k cgjks eocothbhs k hcòiokshs4 rgskevgr ikjaeoitks ojikjsiogjtgs -gjakqug psoikhjheãtoik/% hyubhr h higpthrsg h sã cosck -tgrhpoh jk borgitovh/% ojtgfrhr sgjtocogjtks ikjaeoitovks -tgrhpoh fgsthet/% gjikjtrhr uj sof# joaoihbk h eh vobh -psoiktgrhpoh gxostgjiohe/% ckboaoihr irggjiohs jgfhtovhs -tgrhpohs ikfjotovhs/% ekfrhr ikcpkrthcogjtks hbhpthtovks -tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith/ k ikjsgfuor ikcòjhiokjgs bg gstks k`dgtovks -gjakqugs gieïitoiks/* Hujqug gstks skj k`dgtovks ihrhitgrãstoiks bg ihbh ujh bg ehs krogjthiokjgs tgrhpïutoihs iothbhs% jk sg ojaogrg bg hquã qug jk pugbhj sgr ikjsgfuobks pkr ktrhs krogjthiokjgs* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg hpeoihrsg gj rïfocgj hcùehtkrok k bg ojtgrjhbk y sgr ikjbuiobh pkr ujk k cès psoiùekfks ikjstotuobks gj gquopk* \ugbg burhr bgsbg ujh k ujhs pkihs sgsokjgs

O\IY # 7

-p*gd*% gj sotuhiokjgs bg irosos k hsgskrhcogjtk/ mhsth vhroks høks% hujqug ek cès argiugjtg gs qug sg gxtogjbh bg 7 h 7< sgsokjgs bg hergbgbkr bg 8 mkrh -0#0%7 mkrhs% so ge trhthcogjtk gs gj frupk/ y bg argiugjioh sgchjhe * Ge jôcgrk bg sgsokjgs bgpgjbg bge topk y jôcgrk bg prkègchs y bg eh frhvgbhb bg eks coscks* Ehs sgsokjgs pugbgj sgr bgsbg pkik k jhbh mhsth cuy gstruiturhbhs y gj geehs prgbkcojhr eh phrtoiophioùj bge phiogjtg k bge tgrhpguth* Eh tgrhpoh pugbg `hshrsg projio# phecgjtg gj eh rgehioùj k hpkyhrsg thcòïj gj iogrths tïijoihs* \ugbg sgr frhtuoth k cès k cgjks kjgrksh y sus rgsuethbks sugegj sgr pksotovks* Bg tkbks ckbks% he cgjks uj tgriok bg eks phiogjtgs jk higpth k h`hjbkjh ge trhthcogjtk% uj pkrigjthdg sofjoaoihtovk -vhrohèg sgfôj eks trhstkrjks/ bg eks qug ek sofugj jk ihcòhj% hefujks gcpgkrhj y gjtrg eks qug cgdkrhj% ehs rgihã# bhs sg bhj ikj ujh iogrth argiugjioh% chykr k cgjkr sgfôj eks trhstkrjks* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg sgr hpeoihbh prgsgjiohecgjtg k h trhvïs bg cgboks ikck ge tgeïakjk% ikrrgk% krbgjhbkr k ojtgrjgt -g#choe% vobgkikjagrgjioh% imht /* Gsth akrch jk prgsgjiohe pugbg sgr thcòïj ikcpegcgjthroh h eh tgrhpoh prgsgjiohe% gj iuyk ihsk phrgig gspgiohecgjtg `gjgaoiok# sh* Ge iucpeocogjtk bge trhthcogjtk cgdkrh iuhjbk sg utoeozh ojtgrjgt phrh hpkyhr eh rgheozhioùj bg ehs hitovobhbgs -gspgiohecgjtg gj trhstkrjks irùjoiks/> gstg hpkyk pugbg sgr prkpkriokjhbk pkr ge tgrhpguth% pgrk thcòïj pkr ktrks phiogjtgs -ikcujobhb vortuhe/*

Eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk prgsgjiohe pkr sã skeh gs ôtoe iuhjbk ge ieogjtg4 h/ togjg boaoiuethbgs aãsoihs k fgkfrèaoihs phrh hiubor h eh ikjsueth bge prkagsokjhe k su prkègch sg ek ocpobg -p*gd*% hfkrhakòh k akòh skiohe frhvgs/% `/ quogrg sgfuor eh tgrhpoh ikj ge cosck tgrhpguth% pgrk bg`g husgjthrsg pkr trhsehbk u ktrhs ihushs% i/ bgsgh uj hjkjochtk chykr k tkthe% b/ gs ihphz bg ikcu# joihrsg gaoihzcgjtg h trhvïs bg eks cgboks tïijoiks iothbks% g/ pksgg eks rgiursks phrh chjgdhr sus prkègchs ikj ge hpkyk jk prgsgjiohe% a/ prgsgjth uj trhstkrjk jk cuy frhvg% f/ bgsgh socpegcgj# tg mhigr ujh ikjsueth k skeoiothr hikjsgdhcogjtk psoikeùfoik* Hphrtg bg ehs vgjthdhs ocpeoihbhs gj ek qug sg hih`h bg bgior% eh tgrhpoh jk prgsgjiohe ahioeoth ujh ikcujoihioùj cès argiugjtg y rèpobh -ikj eh gxigpioùj bge ikrrgk pksthe/% ahvkrgig eh hutkrrgvgehioùj he jk gsthr prgsgjtg ge tgrhpguth y pugbg sgr ge procgr phsk hjtgs bg bgioborsg h rgheozhr ujh tgrhpoh prgsgjiohe* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk prgsgjiohe thcòïj togjg bgsvgjthdhs 4 h/ sg pogrbg phriohe k tkthecgjtg eh ikcujoihioùj jk vgr`he% `/ boscojuyg eh gspkjthjgobhb y jhturheobhb% i/ sg rgquogrg ujh frhj mhòeobhb gj eh ikcujoihioùj gsiroth phrh gsthègigr ujh ùgjh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% b/ hucgjth eh boaoiuethb phrh gvheuhr ikj gxhitotub ek qug eg phsh he ieogjtg iuhjbk sg gcpeghj sùek cgboks gs# irotks y+k mhy ujh pïrbobh bg ikcujoihioùj jk vgr`he% g/ so sg gcpeghj ôjoihcgjtg cgboks gsiro# tks% sg trhjscotg cgjks ojakrchioùj y bg akrch cès egjth% a/ gs cès boaãioe gjsgøhr tïijoihs tgrh# pïutoihs y ikjtrkehr eh chrimh bge trhthcogjtk% f/ gspgiohecgjtg gj ge ihsk bg ojtgrjgt% gxostg ge prkègch bg qug ktrhs pgrskjhs pugbhj hiigbgr h eh ojakrchioùj trhjscotobh% pkr ek qug mhy qug hbkpthr ehs bgòbhs prgihuiokjgs* Ge Ikegfok Kaoiohe bg \soiùekfks bg Ihtheuøh mh geh`krhbk ujhs rgikcgjbhiokjgs phrh eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih cgbohjtg ojtgrjgt -Ikcosoùj Bgkjtkeùfoih bge IK\I% 0<<8/* \kr ktrh phrtg% gxostgj prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh qug sg `hshj gj chjuhegs -y% h vgigs% gj ktrk chtgrohe bg hpkyk ikck iojths bg vãbgk y chfjgtkaùjoihs k prkfrhchs bg krbgjhbkr/ y gj hefujks ikjthitks tgegaùjoiks k pkr ikrrgk -pksthe% gegitrùjoik/ ikj ge tgrhpguth* Yg mhj k`tgjobk rgsuethbks rgehtovhcgjtg shtosahitkroks ikj prkfrhchs bg gstg topk borofobks h trhstkrjks aùòiks% bg pèjoik y k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk% ojskcjok% pgshboeehs rgiurrgjtgs y bgprgsoùj -Gimgùrôh y bg Ikrrhe% 0<<8> Chrns gt he*% 0<<9/* Eks prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh ikj cãjock k juek ikjthitk borgi# tk ikj ge tgrhpguth y pkik ikjthitk jk prgsgjiohe -mhsth 9 mkrhs gj tkthe bg ikjthitk tgegaùjoik% pksthe k pkr ojtgrjgt/ gstèj gspgiohecgjtg ojboihbks iuhjbk ge trhstkrjk jk gs cuy frhvg y eks ieogjtgs jk pugbgj hiigbgr h uj trhthcogjtk akrche ikj uj tgrhpguth pkr rhzkjgs fgkfrèaoihs k gikjùcoihs* Yoj gc`hrfk% gxostgj bosirgphjiohs sk`rg so eks rgsuethbks skj socoehrgs k ojagrokrgs h iuhjbk ge tgrhpguth hyubh he ieogjtg burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk y+k supgrvosh borgithcgjtg -k% quozè% pkr tgeïakjk/ eh chrimh bge trhthcogjtk* Hbgcès% ikj eks prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh pugbg hucgjthr

O\IY # 1

ge jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug jk higpthj k h`hjbkjhj ge trhthcogjtk* Aojhecgjtg% jk phrgigj auj# iokjhr eks prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh purks -òèoktgrhpoh/ soj jojfujh fuãh prgsgjiohe k jk prg# sgjiohe -tgeïakjk% ikrrgk/ pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth -Ag``rhrk gt he*% 8???> Aegtimgr gt he*% 0<<7/*

OJQGYROFHIOÙJ Hefujks psoiùekfks ieãjoiks sg bgboihj h eh ojvgstofhioùj ieãjoih* Ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùro# ihs y eks prkigbocogjtks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj skj gcpãroihcgjtg gvheuhbks % gs bgior% sg vhekrh su hbgiuhioùj k gaoihioh utoeozhjbk ujh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtãaoih -bg topk gxpgrocgjthe iuhjbk gs pksoèg/* Yoj gc`hrfk% cuimhs ojvgstofhiokjgs sofugj prgsgjthjbk sgrohs boaoiuethbgs cgtkbkeùfoihs* Hujqug hefujks psoiùekfks sofugj `hsèjbksg ôjoihcgjtg gj gstuboks bg ihsks y gj ocprgsok# jgs su`dgtovhs% ek bgsghèg gs tgjgr gj iugjth eks rgsuethbks bg eh ojvgstofhioùj ieãjoih % gspg# iohecgjtg eh rgheozhbh gj ioriujsthjiohs qug rgshethj su vheobgz gxtgrjh* Gstk jk gs ùòig phrh rgikjkigr qug eh prkpoh prèitoih ieãjoih prkpkriokjh obghs phrh rgaojhr y cgdkrhr eks prkigbo# cogjtks gxpgrocgjthecgjtg gvheuhbks y qug bg`gj tkchrsg côetopegs bgiosokjgs ikj rgehioùj h hspgitks qug jk mhj sobk ojvgstofhbks k jk ek mhj sobk suaoiogjtgcgjtg*

Gdgcpeks bg ojvgstofhiokjgs ocpkrthjtgs pugbgj sgr eh ikjstruiioùj y vheobhioùj bg prug# `hs psoikcïtroihs% ge gstubok bg ehs ihushs y ikjsgiugjiohs bg eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks% eh ikc# phrhioùj bg trhthcogjtks psoikeùfoiks y ahrchikeùfoiks bg bostojtks trhstkrjks -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% ge gstubok bg eh gaoihioh bg bgtgrcojhbhs gstrhtgfohs phrh chjtgjgr eks rgsuethbks bge trhthcogjtk% ge hjèeosos bg eh gaoihioh bg iogrtks trhthcogjtks ikj cgjkr phrtoiophioùj bge tgrhpguth% ge gstubok bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg iogrths ihrhitgrãstoihs y ikcpkrthcogjtks bge tgrhpguth y eks rgsuethbks bge trhthcogjtk% eh gaoihioh ikcphrhtovh bg trhthcogjtks gsthjbhrozhbks g ojbovobuheozhbks% eh bgtgrco# jhioùj bge vhekr prkjùstoik bg bgtgrcojhbhs vhrohègs% ge gstubok bg eks cgihjoscks rgspkjshègs bg eh gaoihioh bg uj bgtgrcojhbk trhthcogjtk% gti*

GJYGØHJTH Gsth hitovobhb gs ikcôj gj eks psoiùekfks ieãjoiks gcpeghbks gj ujovgrsobhbgs* \grk thc# òïj gs argiugjtg qug sgh eegvhbh h ih`k pkr psoiùekfks gj ktrhs ojstotuiokjgs y igjtrks provhbks* Chtgrohs qug pugbgj ocphrtorsg skj psoikphtkekfãh% gvheuhioùj% tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith% psoiktgrhpoh bojècoih% psoikekfãh ieãjoih% psoikekfãh bg eh sheub% pgrskjheobhb% gti*

Eh gjsgøhjzh jk sg eocoth h gstubohjtgs bg psoikekfãh % sojk qug ojieuyg h psoiùekfks gj gdgrioiok% h ktrks prkagsokjhegs -ikck cïboiks% gjagrcgrhs% trh`hdhbkrgs skiohegs% chgstrks% pkeo# iãhs/ y he pôèoik gj fgjgrhe* \ugbgj bhrsg iursks sk`rg hutkhaorchioùj% sgxuheobhb% ikcujoih# ioùj gj eh phrgdh y akrchs bg mhigr argjtg h eh tgjsoùj% gjtrg ktrks tgchs* Wj topk gspgiohe bg gjsgøhjzh gs eh akrchioùj bg auturks psoiùekfks ieãjoiks y eh supgrvo# soùj sostgcètoih% ojbovobuhe k gj frupk% bg eks ihsks qug eegvhj y bg ehs ojvgstofhiokjgs qug rgheo# zhj* Gstk rgquogrg ge gcpegk bg ojstruiiokjgs -y% so gs pksoèg% ckbgehbk/% prèitoih% rgtrkheocgjth# ioùj -vgr`he y cgbohjtg frh`hiokjgs/ y rgakrzhcogjtk*

HYGYKPHCOGJRK Yg rgaogrg h eh hyubh y hikjsgdhcogjtk qug ge psoiùekfk pugbg kargigr h krfhjozhiokjgs bg

O\IY # 6

bostojtks topks4 Ojstotutk Jhiokjhe bg Yheub% ikcphøãhs shjothrohs provhbhs% gsiugehs% igjtrks bg hsostgjioh prochroh% mkspothegs% ièrigegs% igjtrks phrh brkfkbgpgjbogjtgs% frupks bg hutkhyubh% ujobhbgs bg fgrohtrãh% duzfhbks% gti* Ge hikjsgdhcogjtk pugbg sgr skeoiothbk thcòïj pkr pgr# skjhs qug trh`hdhj gj gsths krfhjozhiokjgs k gj igjtrks provhbks y qug bgsghj cgdkrhr su trh`hdk k rgskevgr iogrtks prkègchs pehjtghbks gj ge cosck* Ge hsgskrhcogjtk pugbg sgr bg bostojtks topks* Ge psoiùekfk pugbg trhthr borgithcgjtg k hikjsgdhr iùck sg pugbg chjgdhr uj ihsk prkègcètoik sk`rg ge qug sg eg mh ikjsuethbk -trh# thcogjtk cès hikjsgdhèg phrh uj phiogjtg% pksoòeobhb bg eo`grthb ikjboiokjhe phrh uj prgsk% ikjigsoùj bg eh tutgeh bg uj cgjkr h ujk u ktrk phbrg/* \ugbg rgujorsg pgroùboihcgjtg ikj eks cogc`rks bg ujh ojstotuioùj phrh bosiutor cïtkbks bg chjgdk bg eks prkègchs qug sg prg# sgjthj ikj eks phiogjtgs% ieogjtgs k pgrskjhe* Gj vgz bg igjtrhrsg gj ihsks ikjirgtks% pugbg boroforsg h eks hspgitks bg eh krfhjozhioùj qug gstèj prkvkihjbk eks prkègchs > hsã% pugbg geh`krhr uj pehj bg gvheuhioùj phrh vhekrhr eks sgrvoioks bg uj igjtrk bg hikfobh bg cgjkrgs k pugbg bosgøhr uj pehj phrh ahvkrgigr eh ikjfrugjioh gj eh hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk gjtrg boagrgj# tgs turjks bg pgrskjhe bg uj mkspothe* Ge trh`hdk bg hsgskrhcogjtk k ikjsuetkrãh jk gs aèioe pkrqug ge psoiùekfk gs vostk pkr ge rgstk bge pgrskjhe ikck uj gxtrhøk y% h vgigs% ikck uj ojtrusk* Gstk pugbg ikjbuior h ujh aheth bg ikeh`krhioùj k h ujh chjopuehioùj bg eh ojakrchioùj pkr phrtg bg ehs pgrskjhs qug vgj hcgjhzh# bks sus gcpegks k ikjsobgrhj qug sg pkjg gj bubh su gaoihioh* Ge psoiùekfk pugbg ikjvgrtorsg gj uj imovk gxpohtkrok he qug sg gimhrèj tkbhs ehs iuephs ihsk bg qug ek qug prkpkjg jk aujiokjg% hujqug gstk sgh bgòbk h eh ojtgragrgjioh k sh`kthdg bg phrtg bge pgrskjhe*

BOPGIIOÙJ _ FGYROÙJ Yg rgaogrg h eh borgiioùj y fgstoùj bg uj krfhjosck k ojstotuioùj g ojieuyg aujiokjgs ikck krfhjozhioùj bg rgiursks% ikkrbojhioùj bg hitovobhbgs bge pgrskjhe% bostroùioùj bge prgsupugstk% tkch bg bgiosokjgs sk`rg eh chrimh bg eh ojstotuioùj% rgbhithr ojakrcgs phrh ehs hutkrobhbgs% prg# sobor rgujokjgs% chjgdk bg ikjaeoitks gjtrg ge pgrskjhe% ikjtrhthioùj y bgspobk bg pgrskjhe% trhtk ikj ktrks borgitovks% rgioòr h vosothjtgs ocpkrthjtgs% rgprgsgjthr h eh ojstotuioùj gj rgujokjgs y hjtg ge frhj pôèoik% bgegfhr rgspkjshòeobhbgs gj pgrskjhs k ikcotïs% gti* Wj psoiùekfk pugbg akrchr phrtg bg ujk bg gstks ikcotïs y gdgrigr thcòïj hsã aujiokjgs fgstkrhs* Ikck gdgcpeks bg pugstks borgitovks % uj psoiùekfk pugbg sgr borgitkr bg uj bgphrthcgjtk ujovgrsothrok bg psoikekfãh% bg uj prkfrhch bg pkstfrhbk gj psoikekfãh ieãjoih% bg uj igjtrk bg hsgskrhcogjtk phrh gstubohjtgs% bg uj sgrvoiok bg ikjsueth gxtgrjh gj uj mkspothe% bg uj igjtrk bg sheub cgjthe% gti*

JOQGEGY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih pugbg eegvhrsg h ih`k h bostojtks jovgegs4 ojbovobuhe% phrgdhs% ah# coeohs% frupks y ikcujobhbgs* Eks bostojtks jovgegs jk skj gxieuygjtgs> hsã% pugbg ikcòjhrsg ge trhthcogjtk gj frupk ikj sgsokjgs bg hsostgjioh ojbovobuhe* Ge jovge ojbovobuhe gs ujk bg eks cès argiugjtgs% so jk ge qug cès* Ge psoiùekfk trh`hdh ikj ujh pgrskjh bg ckbk gxieusovk k ihso gx# ieusovk phrh hyubhreg h rgbuior k supgrhr uj trhstkrjk% geocojhr k rgbuior ikcpkrthcogjtks bg rogsfk% hbquoror k pktgjiohr mèòtks sheubhègs% harkjthr ujh gjagrcgbhb irùjoih% gti* Ge rgstk bg jovgegs sg gxpeoihj h ikjtojuhioùj*

O\IY # =

OJRGPQGJIOÙJ GJ \HPGDH K AHCOEOH Gstè rgikcgjbhbk iuhjbk ge prkègch gs bg bks k cès cogc`rks % y jk sùek bge supugstk phiogjtg% y eks cgjiokjhbks cogc`rks gstèj bospugstks h phrtoiophr gj eh tgrhpoh* Gstk ôetock gs sogcprg ek cès rgikcgjbhèg* Gj eh tgrhpoh bg phrgdh y ahcoeohr sg ùsih qug eks cogc`rks ocpeoihbks4 h/ sg bgj iugjth bg su prkpoh ikjtroùioùj he prkègch y bg eks ihcòks pksotovks qug pugbgj rgheozhr% y `/ cgdkrgj sus phuths bg ikcujoihioùj g ojtgrhiioùj bg ihrh h eh rgskeuioùj bge prkègch* Eh tgrhpoh gj phrg# dh k ahcoeoh pugbg sgr prgigbobh% sgfuobh k hikcphøhbh bg tgrhpoh ojbovobuhe phrh hefujk bg eks cogc`rks% iuhjbk gstks prgsgjthj hefôj prkègch qug jk gstè rgehiokjhbk ikj ge sostgch* Eh tgrhpoh bg phrgdh pugbg gsthr ojboihbh iuhjbk mhy ikjaeoitks bg vhekrgs% irggjiohs% gstoeks bg vobh k cgths% k iuhjbk mhy prkègchs gj ehs èrghs bg ikcujoihioùj% hagitk% aobgeobhb% gbuihioùj bg eks modks% chjgdk bge bojgrk% sgxk% hutkjkcãh pgrskjhe k bkcojok#sucosoùj* Eh tgrhpoh bg ahcoeoh pugbg gsthr ojboihbh iuhjbk mhy prkègchs bg ikcujoihioùj% irosos ahcoeohrgs k prkègchs bg hefôj cogc`rk bg eh ahcoeoh chjtgjobks pkr eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj gj gsth*

OJRGPQGJIOÙJ GJ FPW\K Gsth ckbheobhb bg trhthcogjtk bgpgjbg bg qug sg pugbh ikjthr ikj vhrohs pgrskjhs qug prg# sgjtgj prkègchs socoehrgs -p*gd*% trhstkrjk bg pèjoik/ k tgjfhj uj k`dgtovk ikcôj -p*gd*% hprgjbgr mhòeobhbgs bg iuobhbk y gbuihioùj bg eks modks/ y iuyhs ihrhitgrãstoihs jk egs ocpobhj eh phrtoiophioùj gj ge frupk k ojiobhj jgfhtovhcgjtg gj ge aujiokjhcogjtk bg gstg* Yogcprg qug sgh pksoèg% phrgig rgikcgjbhèg ikjbuior uj trhthcogjtk gj frupk % yh qug% gj fgjgrhe% gs he cg# jks ofuhe bg gaoihz qug ge ojbovobuhe y prgsgjth hbgcès ujh sgrog bg vgjthdhs hboiokjhegs* Rhcòïj mhy pksoègs ojikjvgjogjtgs qug gs jgigshrok ikjkigr phrh pkbgr chjgdhreks ihsk bg qug surdhj* \ksoègs vgjthdhs bg eks frupks4 h/ Bgsiu`ror qug eks prkpoks prkègchs jk skj ôjoiks% `/ chykrgs gxpgithtovhs bg cgdk# rh% i/ bospkjgr bg vhroks ckbgeks% pujtks bg vosth y augjtgs bg ojakrchioùj y rgtrkheocgj# thioùj% b/ chykr irgboòeobhb bg eks pujtks bg vosth hikrbhbks gjtrg tkbks k susirotks pkr ujh chykrãh% g/ hucgjtk bg eh cktovhioùj bgòbk he hpkyk y prgsoùj bge frupk% he ikc# prkcosk pôèoik bgehjtg bg gstg y h eh k`sgrvhioùj bg eks prkfrgsks bg eks ktrks* a/ \ksoòeobhb bg hyubh cutuh bgjtrk y augrh bg ehs sgsokjgs% f/ ahioeothioùj bg eh ojbg# pgjbgjioh rgspgitk he tgrhpguth y bg eh ikjaohjzh gj eks prkpoks rgiursks% m/ bgshrrkeek bg mhòeobhbgs skiohegs% o/ sgjtorsg phrtg bg hefk qug sg vhekrh -ikmgsoùj> eks cogc`rks bg eks frupks ikmgsovks sg higpthj ògj gjtrg sã% sg hpkyhj y gstèj cès bospugstks h gsiu# imhr% phrtoiophr y bgdhrsg ojaeuor pkr eks ktrks/% d/ pktgjiohioùj bg eh eo`grhioùj gckiokjhe* n/ Hprgjbozhdg bg jugvhs rgfehs `èsoihs bg eh vobh -gsth gs h vgigs ojdusth% jk gs pksoèg gsihphr bg ehs pgjhs y bg eh cugrtg% mhy qug harkjthr eks prkègchs/% e/ hprgjbozhdg bg jugvks ikcpkrthcogjtks% irggjiohs y sgjtocogjtks gj èrghs qug augrkj prkègcètoihs bgsbg eh joøgz k hbkegsigjioh -bgpgjbgjioh% rg`geoùj sostgcètoih hjtg eh hutkrobhb% rovheo# bhb/% c/ hmkrrk bg togcpk y gsaugrzk pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth% y j/ sg trhth h cès pgrskjhs y h uj cgjkr ikstk*

O\IY # ?

\ksoègs ojikjvgjogjtgs bg eks frupks4 h/ Eh bojècoih bge frupk pugbg gsihphr he ikjtrke bge tgrhpguth% `/ ckbgeks bg ikcpkr# thcogjtks jgfhtovks qug pugbgj ikjthfohrsg% i/ ikjsgdks g ojakrchioùj ojhbgiuhbks pkr phrtg bg cogc`rks bge frupk% b/ igeks bge prkfrgsk bg ktrks k bgscktovhioùj he ikcphrhr eks prkpoks hvhjigs ikj eks bg eks bgcès% g/ hjsogbhb irghbh pkr eh sotuhioùj bg frupk -gspgiohecgjtg gj aùòiks skiohegs frhvgs/* a/ \ïrbobh bg eh aegxoòeobhb jgigshroh phrh skeuiokjhr prkègchs ojbovobuhegs -gj gstks ihsks mh`rè qug ikcòjhr ge trhthcogjtk fruphe ikj ge ojbovobuhe k eegvhr h ih`k sùek gstg ôetock/% y f/ pugbg eegfhr h irghrsg uj frhbk bg ikmgsoùj the bgjtrk bge frupk qug hefujhs pgrskjhs pugbgj skeuiokjhr sus jgigsobhbgs haoeohtovhs `èsoihs ikj uj cãjock bg gsaugr# zk y bgjtrk bge cosck frupk soj jgigsobhb bg gsthègigr ktrhs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* Ge trhthcogjtk fruphe jk gs hbgiuhbk phrh phiogjtgs prkeodks% hfrgsovks% phrhjkobgs% jhriososths% jk cktovhbks k qug rgquogrgj ujh frhj htgjioùj % yh qug jk sg vhj h `gjgaoiohr bge frupk k vhj h rgtrhshr k ocpgbor ge prkfrgsk bg gstg* Yocoehrcgjtg% ktrks phiogjtgs ojhbgiuhbks phrh ge trhthcogjtk gj frupk pugbgj sgr eks aùòiks skiohegs frhvgs -gsthrèj thj hjsoksks qug jk iucpeorèj ge trhthcogjtk k ek h`hjbkjhrèj/% eks bgprgsovks frhvgs -jk sg vhj h ocpeoihr y pugbgj bgsckrheozhr h eks bgcès/ y eks qug sofugj hùshjbk bg eks aèrchiks psoiktrkpks% brkfhs y+k heikmke iuhjbk bgsghj trhthr ktrks prkègchs -ge hùsk pugbg ojtgragror ikj eh rgskeuioùj bg boimks prkègchs/*

Ge thchøk bge frupk pugbg sgr bg 7#6 pgrskjhs% hujqug mh eegfhbk mhsth 80* Ge frupk bg`g sgr ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg hcpeok ikck phrh ahioeothr ge ikjthitk ikj vhrohs pgrskjhs% pgrk jk thjtk ikck phrh bospgrshr eh htgjioùj bge tgrhpguth% boaoiuethr k trovoheozhr ehs ojtgrhiiokjgs bge frupk k ahvkrgigr eh hphroioùj bg cogc`rks hosehbks* Gs ùgjh obgh ikjthr ikj uj iktgrhpguth% qug pugbg sgr uj phrhprkagsokjhe% yh qug ge trh`hdk phrh uj skek tgrhpguth gs boaãioe y ihjshbk* \hrh frupks cès frhjbgs bg 1 pgrskjhs gs ùgjh obgh ikjthr ikj uj iktgrhpguth* Ehs sgsokjgs bg frupk sugegj burhr hergbgbkr bg 0#0%7 mkrhs% gj vgz bg eks 7<#1< cojutks bg ehs ojbovobuhegs% pgrk pugbgj rgbuiorsg h 9<#27 cojutks ikj hqugeehs pgrskjhs qug prgsgjthj boao# iuethbgs bg ikjigjtrhioùj -p*gd*% phiogjtgs ikj gsquozkargjoh k bgaoiogjioh cgjthe/* Yg rgikcogjbh qug eks ieogjtgs sghj socoehrgs gj iogrths ihrhitgrãstoihs ocpkrthjtgs -jovge skiokiueturhe% oj# tgrvhek hcpeok bg gbhb/ y qug ge frupk gstï rgehtovhcgjtg gquoeo`rhbk gj iuhjtk h vhrohègs ikck sgxk y frhvgbhb bge prkègch h`krbhbk* Yo ujh pgrskjh boaorogrh chrihbhcgjtg bge rgstk% pkbrãh h`hjbkjhr ge trhthcogjtk* Bg tkbks ckbks% jk mhy bhtks iehrks he rgspgitk* \hrh qug uj frupk aujiokjg% togjg qug ikjkigr y iucpeor iogrths jkrchs 4 ikjsgjtocogjtk vkeujthrok% hsostgjioh h ehs sgsokjgs% pujtuheobhb% phrtoiophioùj gj ge frupk% rgspgtk h ehs ojtgrvgj# iokjgs y kpojokjgs bg eks ktrks% ikjaobgjioheobhb bg ek trhthbk gj ge frupk y rgheozhioùj bg ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs* Ge tgrhpguth jk bg`g gdgrigr ge phpge bg uj eãbgr hutkrothrok% pgrk thcpkik pgrcotor qug ge frupk vhyh h su eo`rg he`gbrãk pgrbogjbk bg vosth eks k`dgtovks bg eh tgrhpoh y eh akrch cès gao# ihz bg ikjsgfuoreks* Eh`krgs bge tgrhpguth skj gsthègigr ehs jkrchs bg aujiokjhcogjtk bge frupk% vgehr pkr su iucpeocogjtk% ckbgrhr ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs y ikjtrkehr eks ahitkrgs qug pugbgj pgrtur`hr ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge frupk y eh ikjsgiuioùj bg ehs cgths prkpugsths -ieogjtgs prkeodks% rgtrkheocgjthiokjgs ojhbgiuhbhs% akrchioùj bg su`frupks% imovks gxpohtkroks% gti*/* Hefk qug ikjvogjg ikjkigr he rgspgitk skj eks rkegs qug surfgj bgjtrk bg eks frupks % the ikck pugbg vgrsg gj Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb -8?=0+8?==% pèfs* 191#19=/ *

O\IY # 8<

OJRGPQGJIOÙJ GJ EH IKCWJOBHB Cogjtrhs qug gj ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ojbovobuhegs k gj frupk sg hyubh h ujh k ujhs pkihs pgr# skjhs% gj ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs gj eh ikcujobhb sg trhth bg ckboaoihr ge cgbok gj ge qug vovgj ehs pgrskjhs ikj eh aojheobhb bg hyubhr h cuimhs pgrskjhs h prgvgjor k rgskevgr prkègchs k hbquoror jugvhs ihphiobhbgs* Mhy bks akrchs `èsoihs bg ckboaoihr ge cgbok aãsoik y skiohe4 ojtrkbuior ihcòks gj ojstotuiokjgs y prkfrhchs gxostgjtgs -mkspothegs% gsiugehs% igjtrks bg sheub cgjthe% prosokjgs/ k irghr jugvks sgrvoioks y prkfrhchs -posks prktgfobks% frupks bg hu# tkhyubh phrh phbrgs qug chetrhthj h sus modks% prkfrhchs bg prgvgjioùj bge ojahrtk% rgbgs bg hpk# yk skiohe phrh pgrskjhs chykrgs k skehs/* Hujqug ehs mhòeobhbgs ieãjoihs -p*gd*% ehs bg ikcujoihioùj ojtgrpgrskjhe y rgskeuioùj bg prk# ègchs/ skj ofuhecgjtg ôtoegs phrh ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs% gsths rgquogrgj hbgcès ujh ikcpgtgjioh phrh gjtgjbgrsg ikj ehs krfhjozhiokjgs skiohegs *

Ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs togjgj vhroks pgeofrks bg eks qug ikjvogjg sgr ikjsiogjtg4 h/ eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg shtosahigr jk thjtk eks k`dgtovks bg eks cogc`rks bg eh ikcujobhb% sojk eks bg eh iehsg borofgjtg pkeãtoih y gikjùcoih -iehsg heth y cgboh#heth/> `/ eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg or borofobh socpegcgjtg h iu`ror uj gxpgbogjtg soj qug mhyh ujh ojtgjioùj vgrbhbgrh bg ihcòhr ehs ikshs -p*gd*% iogrtks prkfrhchs bg rgojsgrioùj/> i/ eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg gsthr cuy igjtrhbh gj eks gagitks h ikrtk pehzk% kevobhjbk eks gagitks h ehrfk pehzk y ehs pksoègs rgpgriusokjgs bg eh ojtgr# vgjioùj gj bostojtks sgitkrgs skiohegs* \kr ôetock% ge arhihsk bg ujh ojtgrvgjioùj ikcujothroh togjg chykrgs rgpgriusokjgs qug ehs bg ujh ojtgrvgjioùj ikj ojbovobuks% ahcoeohs k frupks* Eks pksoègs gagitks pgrduboiohegs pugbgj hagithr h cès pgrskjhs y hbgcès ojaeuor jgfhtovhcgjtg gj eh pugsth gj chrimh k ikjtojuh# ioùj bg ktrhs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs qug vgrèj boscojuor k bgshphrgigr sus rgiursks*

CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Gxostgj boagrgjtgs ckbgeks tgùroiks qug vhrãhj gj bovgrsks hspgitks ocpkrthjtgs thegs ikck4 akrch bg ikjigòr eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche y eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks% vhrohègs rgegvhjtgs gj ge bgshrrkeek y chjtgjocogjtk bg boimhs ikjbuiths y trhstkrjks% rgehiokjgs gxostgjtgs gjtrg boimhs vhrohègs% ckbks bg rgikfgr eks bhtks pgrtojgjtgs% k`dgtovks h ikjsgfuor ikj eh ojtgr# vgjioùj y ckbk bg eegvhr h ih`k gsth*

Wj ckbgek pgrcotg krfhjozhr eh ojakrchioùj hbquorobh% ahioeoth eh ikcujoihioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs qug sofugj ge cosck ckbgek y gs ujh fuãh qug krogjth eh tkch bg bgiosokjgs bge ieãjoik y eh ojvgstofhioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% uj ckbgek thcòïj pugbg ikjstotuor ujh augjtg bg prk# ègchs* \kr gdgcpek% iuhjbk sg fgjgrheozh gj gxigsk ojtgjthjbk gxpeoihrek tkbk ikj uj ckbgek qug mh sobk vheobhbk sùek ikj iogrtks ikcpkrthcogjtks k iuhjbk ge ckbgek eegvh h ùsihr sùek iogrtks hspgitks gj bgtrocgjtk bg ktrks qug pugbgj sgr thjtk k cès ocpkrthjtgs* Hbgcès% ge egj# fuhdg prkpok bg ihbh ckbgek boaoiueth eh ikcujoihioùj ikj eks sgfuobkrgs bg ktrks ckbgeks% ikj ek iuhe gs boaãioe gjtgjbgrsg> bg ckbk qug sg pugbgj gsthr boiogjbk ehs coschs ikshs ikj bostojths pheh`rhs k gxprgshjbk boagrgjtgs sofjoaoihbks ikj eks coscks tïrcojks* Gj rgsucgj% tgjgr uj ckbgek ikck rgagrgjioh pugbg sgr ôtoe% pgrk gstk bg`g ikcpegcgjthrsg ikj eh ikcprgjsoùj bg eks ktrks pujtks bg vosth y ge hprgiok bg sus hpkrthiokjgs* Gj fgjgrhe% phrg# igj pkik ôtoegs eks ckbgeks ojaegxoègs% ojihphigs bg ojikrpkrhr jugvks gegcgjtks gj projiopok ôtoegs% y eks ckbgeks akrcuehbks bg the chjgrh qug jk pgrcotgj su ojvgstofhioùj gcpãroih

O\IY # 88

ikjtrkehbh k qug % ihsk bg pgrcotoreh% jk gs eegvhbh h ih`k k qug% so ek gs% sus rgsuethbks jk skj tgjobks gj iugjth phrh ckboaoihr ge ckbgek* Gxostgj bostojtks topks bg krogjthiokjgs tgrhpïutoihs * H ikjtojuhioùj sg prgsgjthrè ge ckbg# ek cïboik u krfèjoik y ge ikcujothrok y bgspuïs eks ckbgeks bojècoiks% agjkcgjkeùfoiks% sostï# coiks y ikjbuituhegs -ojieuygjbk eks ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs/* Eugfk% sg h`krbhrè eh iugstoùj bg eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs gjtrg eks ckbgeks y eh pksoèg ojtgfrhioùj bg gstks ckbgeks* \ksoègs rgag# rgjiohs bg ikjsueth skj @grjstgoj y Jogtzge -8?=<+8?==/% @kjfhr y @gutegr -8??7/% Ihrrkègs -8?=7/% Ikrgy -8??1h% 8??1`/% Agoxhs y Corù -8??9/% Fhrrobk y Fhriãh -8??2/% Furchj y Cgssgr -8??7/% Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb -8?=0+8?==/% Eojj y Fhrsng -8?=7+8?==/% Chrtkrgee -8??1/% \ïrgz -8??1/ y Pksh% Keovhrgs y Cïjbgz -0<<2/* Aojhecgjtg% sg h`krbhrè eh iugstoùj bg eks ckbgeks ojtgfrhbkrgs*

CKBGEK CÏBOIK W KPFÈJOIK Eh ikjbuith hjkrche sg ikjsobgrh ge rgsuethbk bg hetgrhiokjgs òkeùfoihs mgrgbhbhs k hbquorobhs% gstruiturhegs k aujiokjhegs % qug hagithj he sostgch jgrvoksk> sg ikjsobgrh qug eh gtokekfãh `èsoih gs bg topk krfèjoik* Ge trhthcogjtk h sgfuor sgrãh bg topk cïboik -aèrchiks% pso# ikiorufãh% tgrhpoh gegitrkikjvuesovh/* Gj cgboiojh sg bostojfugj trgs topks bg trhstkrjks k gjagrcgbhbgs 4 #

Ojagiioksk* Ihushbk pkr `hitgrohs k vorus* Gdgcpeks sgrãhj eh fropg% eh mgphtotos% iogrths ôeigrhs% ge YOBH* Gj ge ihcpk psoikeùfoik% hefujhs ikjbuiths phtkeùfoihs hskiohbhs ikj eh phrèeosos fgjgrhe prkfrgsovh ihushbh pkr eh gsporkqugth soaoeãtoih*

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Rrhucètoik* Ihushbk pkr fkepgs k susthjiohs tùxoihs* Gdgcpeks sgrãhj ehs arhiturhs y eks gjvgjgjhcogjtks* Gj ge ihcpk psoikeùfoik% ehs ikjbuiths phtkeùfoihs prkbuiobhs pkr eg# sokjgs burhjtg ge phrtk% trhuchs irhjghegs k ojfgstoùj bg prkbuitks tùxoiks -ojieuobks ge heikmke y ehs brkfhs/* \kbrãhj ikjsobgrhrsg hquã iogrtks rgtrhsks cgjthegs% ehs psoiksos tùxoihs y eks trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb y bgprgsoùj ojbuiobks pkr ge ikjsuck bg iogrths brk# fhs*

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Yostïcoik* Ihushbk pkr eh hetgrhioùj bg uj ùrfhjk k sostgch bg ùrfhjks* Gdgcpeks sgrãhj eh hpgjboiotos% ge ièjigr% ehs fhstrotos% eh boh`gtgs* Gj ge ihcpk psoikeùfoik% eh gsquozkarg# joh y eh bgprgsoùj% gjtrg ktrks trhstkrjks% sg mhj gxpeoihbk pkr eh bosaujioùj bg prkigsks jgurkquãcoiks igrg`rhegs thegs ikck eh ihrgjioh bg iogrtks jgurktrhjscoskrgs* -Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug eh hetgrhioùj bg uj sostgch aosokeùfoik pugbg sgr bgòbh h ihushs fg# jïtoihs% òkeùfoihs y+k hcògjthegs*/

Ge vhekr bge ckbgek cïboik bgpgjbg bge trhstkrjk qug sg ikjsobgrg* Wjh gxpeoihioùj purh# cgjtg cïboih gs ojsuaoiogjtg gj eh ojcgjsh chykrãh bg eks ihsks* Eks ahitkrgs psoikeùfoiks y hcògjthegs dugfhj uj phpge ocpkrthjtg gj eh chykrãh bg eks trhstkrjks% ojieuobks eks aosokeùfoiks* Hbgcès% ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ujh iksh gs uj cgihjosck aosokeùfoik hetgrhbk% ge iuhe pugbg bg`grsg thcòïj h ihushs psoikeùfoihs k hcògjthegs% y ktrh% ujh ihush krfèjoih*

CKBGEK IKCWJORHPOK Yus projiopoks `èsoiks skj4

O\IY # 80

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Eh ikjbuith muchjh bgpgjbg bg eh ojtgrhiioùj bg eh pgrskjh ikj su cgbok% ojieu# ygjbk gj gstg ôetock ahitkrgs hcògjthegs% ojtgrpgrskjhegs y skiohegs* Hsã% eh brkfk# bgpgjbgjioh jk bgpgjbg sùek bg ahitkrgs òkeùfoiks k psoikeùfoiks% sojk thcòïj bg vh# rohègs skiohegs*

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\hrh ahioeothr ge hdustg gjtrg eh pgrskjh y su cgbok sg rgquogrg irghr jugvks rgiursks k hetgrjhtovhs skiohegs -gj eh ahcoeoh% gsiugeh% ktrhs ojstotuiokjgs% gjtkrjk ur`hjk/ hsã ik# ck bgshrrkeehr ehs prkpohs ikcpgtgjiohs pgrskjhegs* Hsã pugs% sg gjahtozh cès ge bgsh# rrkeek bg jugvks rgiursks y ikcpgtgjiohs qug eh socpeg geocojhioùj bg prkègchs*

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Yg gjahtozh eh prgvgjioùj sgiujbhroh y prochroh% gspgiohecgjtg gsth ôetoch * Eh prg# vgjioùj sgiujbhroh ikjsostg gj eh bgtgiioùj tgcprhjh bg prkègchs% iuhjbk hôj gstèj gj ahsg ojiopogjtg% ikj ge aoj bg ojtgrvgjor rèpobhcgjtg phrh rgskevgreks y prgvgjor su hfrh# vhcogjtk k ge surfocogjtk bg ikjsgiugjiohs ojbgsghègs* Eh prgvgjioùj prochroh vh boro# fobh h gvothr ge surfocogjtk bg auturks prkègchs> sg `hsh phrh geek gj ihcòks bge cgbok skiohe -krfhjozhioùj gsikehr% gjtkrjk ur`hjk% gti*/ y gj eh irghioùj bg rgiursks ojtgrpgr# skjhegs -akrchioùj bg phbrgs% phrgdhs% gbuihbkrgs% pkeoiãhs% pgrskjhe shjothrok/> gj gstg ôetock ihsk sg ùsih hituhr sk`rg pgrskjhs qug ojaeuygj sk`rg ktrhs pgrskjhs y pgrcotgj qug eks ihcòks sg gxtogjbhj* Gdgcpeks bg prgvgjioùj prochroh4 trh`hdhr ikj modks bg gsquozkarïjoiks y sus ahcoeohs phrh rgbuior ge pkrigjthdg bg trhstkrjks psoiùtoiks auturks> prkfrhchs bg gbuihioùj sgxuhe phrh prgvgjor gc`hrhzks gj hbkegsigjtgs> prkckioùj bge prgsgrvhtovk phrh gvothr ge YOBH* Gdgcpeks bg prgvgjioùj sgiujbhroh4 prkfrhchs ikj hbkegsigjtgs qug mhj ikcgto# bk uj mgimk bgeoitovk phrh qug jk sg ikjvogrthj gj bgeojiugjtgs> prkfrhchs phrh rgbuior ge ikjsuck bg brkfhs iuhjbk gstg gstè gj sus procgrhs ahsgs*

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Ge psoiùekfk togjg ujh aujioùj psoikgbuihtovh gj eh qug akrch h ktrhs pgrskjhs -ph# brgs% gbuihbkrgs% gjagrcgrhs% ikjbuitkrgs bg frupks bg hutkhyubh/ phrh qug sg ikjvogr# thj gj hfgjtgs bg ihcòk gj eh ikcujobhb -phrhprkagsokjhegs/* Yg bh hsã ujh gxtgjsoùj bg eks rkegs prkagsokjhegs y sg hcpeãh ge jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj k`tgjgr hyubh*

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\ugbg mh`gr uj gcpegk bge hitovosck skiohe4 utoeozhioùj bge pkbgr gikjùcoik% pkeãtoik% iovoe -bgsk`gbogjioh iovoe% p*gd*/ y bg eks cgboks bg ikcujoihioùj phrh ekfrhr eh rgakrch skiohe* Hujqug jk tkbks eks psoiùekfks ikcujothroks prhitoihj ge hitovosck skiohe% sg su# pkjg qug uj iogrtk gcpegk bg gstg hucgjth eh gaoihioh bg eh psoikekfãh ikcujothroh*

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Mhy uj ïjahsos sk`rg eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj sotuhiokjgs bg irosos -gjagrcgbhbgs frhvgs% sgphrhiokjgs% cugrtg bg uj sgr qugrobk% bgshstrg jhturhe% ruojh gikjùcoih% ojtgjtk bg suo# iobok/* Ikj eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj irosos sg hyubh h ehs pgrskjhs h chjgdhr gstks prkègchs h`ruchbkrgs phrh eks qug ihrgigj bg rgiursks* Ehs cgths skj4 h/ ge heovok rèpobk bg eks sãjtkchs prochroks% `/ ge rgsthègiocogjtk rèpobk bg eh gsthòeobhb gckiokjhe prgvoh h eh irosos y i/ eh ikcprgjsoùj pkr phrtg bg eh pgrskjh bg su pgrtur`hioùj y bg eks bgtgrcojhj# tgs bg gsth% hsã ikck eh prgphrhioùj phrh chjgdhr irosos auturhs* Gstg tgrigr k`dgtovk pugbg jk ekfrhrsg bhbh eh `rgvgbhb bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj -5 1 sgchjhs/* Ge tgrhpguth gs borgitovk y hitovk% sg igjtrh gj ge prkègch prochrok y gj ge ckcgjtk prgsgjtg y kargig ikjsgdks% krogjthioùj g ojakrchioùj phrh supgrhr eh irosos* Bks gdgcpeks pugbgj vgrsg gj Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb -8?=0+8?==% pèfs* 796#79=/ *

Gjtrg ehs irãtoihs qug sg mhj mgimk he ckbgek ikcujothrok sg gjiugjtrhj ehs sofuogjtgs4 h/ Jk mh`gr shòbk hikcphøhr eh ikjigptuheozhioùj tgùroih ikj cïtkbks gspgiãaoiks bg ojtgrvgjioùj qug ikjsofhj ihcòks skiohegs ikjirgtks y burhbgrks* `/ K`dgtovks pkik rgheosths he prgtgjbgr sustotuor h eh pgrskjh pkr eh ikcujobhb ikck sudgtk bg trhthcogjtk* i/ \kik ïxotk gj ehs thrghs bg

O\IY # 89

prgvgjioùj% gspgiohecgjtg eh prochroh* b/ Pogsfk bg bgsiuobhr ge kargiocogjtk bg trhthcogjtk ojtgjsovk h eks phiogjtgs ikj trhstkrjks frhvgs * g/ H jovge ïtoik sg mh pehjtghbk qug quogjgs bgiobgj ehs cgths bg ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs pugbgj sgr eks psoiùekfks u ktrhs pgrskjhs ojaeuygjtgs% pgrk jk eks cogc`rks bg eh ikcujobhb k eks qug rgio`gj eh ojtgrvgjioùj*

CKBGEKY \YOIKBOJÈCOIKY Gstks ckbgeks ikcphrtgj vhroks supugstks `èsoiks4

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Bgtgrcojosck* Ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk gstè bgtgrcojhbk y bgpgjbg aujbhcgjthe# cgjtg bg ahitkrgs ojtrhpsãquoiks thegs ikck ocpuesks% bgsgks% cktovks y ikjaeoitks oj# tgrjks* Gj ge psoikhjèeosos ieèsoik% pgrk jk gj ktrhs gsiugehs psoikhjheãtoihs% sg gjahtozhj eks bgtgrcojhjtgs òkeùfoiks -ocpuesks sgxuhegs y hfrgsovks/*

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Ïjahsos gj ge phpge bge ikjaeoitk* Yg ikjsobgrh qug gstg gs `èsoik gj ge bgshrrkeek bg eks sãjtkchs jgurùtoiks* Jkrchecgjtg sg ikjsobgrh qug eks ocpuesks ojtgrjks ùsihj ch# joagsthrsg y ekfrhr frhtoaoihioùj gj ikjtrh bg ehs prkmoòiokjgs y eãcotgs skiokiuetu# rhegs* Eks sãjtkchs jgurùtoiks skj vostks ikck ikcprkcosks phrh ojtgjthr rgskevgr gstg ikjaeoitk* Bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh psoikhjheãtoih ieèsoih sg ikjsobgrh qug ge ikjaeoitk jk rg# sugetk gjtrg ge geek -jgigsobhbgs ojstojtovhs/ y uj supgryù -vhekrgs y jkrchs skiohegs trhjscotobhs pkr eks phbrgs/ sk`rgpujotovk g ojmoòbkr gs eh ihush aujbhcgjthe bg eks trhs# tkrjks psoikeùfoiks* Gstg ikjaeoitk gs gxhigr`hbk pkr eks bgagitks bge yk ’eh tgrigrh gs# truiturh psoikeùfoih’ qug ocpobgj eh geh`krhioùj bg bgagjshs hprkpohbhs qug pgrcotorãhj ujh rgbuiioùj bg eh tgjsoùj*

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Ge geek gs eh gstruiturh cès hjtofuh% ikjtogjg tkbks eks ojstojtks `èsoiks -sgxuhegs y hfrgsovks/ soj skioheozhr% gs eh augjtg bg eh gjgrfãh psãquoih% gs `èsoihcgjtg ojikjs# iogjtg y sg rofg pkr ge projiopok bge pehigr* Ge supgryù surfg h trhvïs bg eh ojtgrjheo# zhioùj bg ehs jkrchs y vhekrgs skiohegs the ikck skj prgsgjthbks pkr eks phbrgs y ktrhs aofurhs bg rgagrgjioh% gs phriohecgjtg ojikjsiogjtg y sg gjihrfh bg vofoehr y ihstofhr ehs hitovobhbgs bge geek* Ge yk gstè sotuhbk gjtrg ehs ktrhs bks gstruiturhs y sg gjihrfh bg rgfuehr eh ojtgrhiioùj gjtrg gsths% bg ckbk qug pugbhj shtosahigrsg ehs jg# igsobhbgs `èsoihs soj vuejgrhr ehs jkrchs gxostgjtgs* Ge yk gs `èsoihcgjtg ikjsiogj# tg% sg rofg pkr ge projiopok bg rgheobhb y gjtrg sus aujiokjgs sg iugjthj thcòïj eh pgrigpioùj% ge hprgjbozhdg y eh hutkrrgfuehioùj*

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Ygfôj Argub% ge ikjaeoitk surfg bg eh bosputh gjtrg eh jgigsobhb bg shtosahigr eks ocpuesks `èsoiks -sgxuhegs% hfrgsovks/ y ehs bgagjshs geh`krhbhs phrh ojmoòr eh gx# prgsoùj ikjsiogjtg bg gstks ocpuesks* Eks sãjtkchs skj uj ojtgjtk bg skeuioùj% ujh akrch aheeobh bg rgskevgr gstks ikjaeoitks gsthègiogjbk uj ikcprkcosk gjtrg hc# `ks topks bg augrzhs* Eks sãjtkchs ikjstotuygj ujh gxprgsoùj soc`ùeoih bge ikjaeoitk y supkjgj ujh shtosahiioùj phriohe bg eks ojstojtks> soj gc`hrfk% ge supgryù hitôh ik# jtrh gsth frhtoaoihioùj% ek qug hucgjth ge chegsthr y ge suarocogjtk* Ikck gdgcpek% eh gvothioùj hfkrhaùòih bg ujh cudgr pugbg ikjigòrsg ikck ge ikcprkcosk gjtrg ge bgsgk bg sgbuior h eks mkc`rgs y eh bgagjsh gj ikjtrh bg gstg bgsgk*

Ocpkrthjioh bg eh mostkroh bg bgshrrkeek* Yg gjahtozh qug ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk gstè bgtgrcojhbk sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg pkr eh mostkroh bg bgshrrkeek bg eh pgrskjh* Cuimks ikjaeoitks `èsoiks surfgj gj eh ojahjioh y joøgz* Eh shtosahiioùj k arustrhioùj gj gstks pgrokbks bg ocpuesks y jgigsobhbgs `èsoihs bge joøk gj ehs rgehiokjgs bg gstg ikj sus ph# brgs u ktrhs aofurhs ocpkrthjtgs -p*gd*% mgrchjks% chgstrks/ y eh gaoihioh gj rgskevgr eks

O\IY # 82

ikjaeoitks surfobks bgtgrcojhj ge aujiokjhcogjtk bg eh pgrskjh gj gthphs pkstgrokrgs bg eh vobh* Bg hquã eh ocpkrthjioh ikjigbobh h ehs gxpgrogjiohs mostùroihs gj ikcphrhioùj he hquã y hmkrh* Yoj gc`hrfk% iogrths gsiugehs gjahtozhj thcòïj ge phpge bg ehs gxpg# rogjiohs prgsgjtgs* #

Bgtgrcojosck côetopeg* Eh kiurrgjioh bg ujh hiioùj k pgjshcogjtk bgpgjbg bg eh oj# aeugjioh bg côetopegs ahitkrgs boagrgjtgs qug kpgrhj socuetèjghcgjtg% hujqug pugbgj vh# rohr gj ge frhbk gj qug ikjtroùygj h gxpeoihr ge agjùcgjk hjheozhbk* \kr gdgcpek% ge kr# bgj k`sgsovk y eh thihøgrãh skj ge prkbuitk bg vhroks ahitkrgs4 gjtrgjhcogjtk cuy gs# troitk gj ge ikjtrke bg gsaãjtgrgs% prgkiuphioùj phrgjthe pkr eh suiogbhb y pehigr bge joøk he rgtgjgr ehs mgigs*

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Ïjahsos gj eks prkigsks ojikjsiogjtgs* Cuimks bg eks bgtgrcojhjtgs bge ikcpkrthcogj# tk skj ojikjsiogjtgs* Ge chtgrohe ojikjsiogjtg gs boagrgjtg bge ikjsiogjtg y hbgcès sg kr# fhjozh y prkigsh bg ckbk boagrgjtg -jk sg sofug ujh eùfoih% sg cgzieh phshbk y prgsgj# tg/* Argub bostojfuoù trgs jovgegs bg ikjiogjioh4 ojikjsiogjtg% prgikjsiogjtg y ikjsiogjtg* Ge ojikjsiogjtg ojieuyg tkbk hquge chtgrohe jk hiigsoèg h eh pgrskjh gj gsthbk jkrche bg vofoeoh* Eks prkigsks fk`grjhbks pkr eks projiopoks bge ojikjsiogjtg -aheth bg eùfoih% cgzieh bg phshbk y prgsgjtg/ sg bgjkcojhj prochroks phrh bostojfuoreks bg eks sgiujbh# roks qug skj krbgjhbks y ikjsiogjtgs* Ge prgikjsiogjtg ojieuyg hqugeeks chtgrohegs oj# ikjsiogjtgs qug trhsphshj h vgigs eh `hrrgrh bge ojikjsiogjtg bg ckbk tgcpkrhe* \kr gdgcpek% iuhjbk sg togjg eh sgjshioùj bg rgikrbhr hefk ckegstk k prgkiuphjtg* Ge ikjs# iogjtg gs eh phrtg rhiokjhe bg eh pgrskjh% sg obgjtoaoih ikj ge prkpok yk y gs ge rgspkjshèg bg eh rgehioùj ikj ge cujbk gxtgrokr*

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Eh ikjbuith togjg sofjoaoihbk* Jojfujh hiioùj k pgjshcogjtk gs purhcgjtg ihsuhe% sojk ge rgsuethbk sofjoaoihtovk bg vhrohègs y prkigsks gspgiãaoiks -bgsgks% ahjthsãhs% ocpue# sks% cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh/ * \kr ek thjtk% sg ikjsobgrh qug eh ikjbuith ikcujoih hefk higrih bg sus bgtgrcojhjtgs y sg irgg hbgcès argiugjtgcgjtg qug boimh ikcujoihioùj gs cgthaùroih k soc`ùeoih* Bg hquã eh ocpkrthjioh bhbh h eks sugøks% ehpsus eojfuhg% imostgs% ikjbuiths jk vgr`hegs y ge sofjoaoihbk soc`ùeoik bg eks sãjtkchs jgurùtoiks*

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Ocpkrthjioh bg eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh* Eks ikjaeoitks psoikeùfoiks prkbuigj hj# sogbhb qug eh pgrskjh ojtgjth rgbuior gcpeghjbk cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh* Gstks skj prk# igsks psoikeùfoiks hutkcètoiks% fgjgrhecgjtg ojikjsiogjtgs% qug prktgfgj h eh pgrskjh bg eh hjsogbhb y bge ikjkiocogjtk bg hfgjtgs gstrgshjtgs ojtgrjks k gxtgrjks* Hefujks bg geeks skj4 )

Bgspehzhcogjtk* Wj sgjtocogjtk k rgspugsth h uj k`dgtk gs trhjsagrobk h ktrk k`dgtk cgjks hcgjhzhjtg* \kr gdgcpek% ckstrhrsg hfrgsovk ikj eks modks gj vgz bg ikj eks dgags bge trh`hdk*

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Akrchioùj rghitovh* Gxprgsoùj bg pgjshcogjtks% sgjtocogjtks k ikjbuiths qug skj eks kpugstks h eks qug rghecgjtg togjg eh pgrskjh% eks iuhegs skj ojhigpthègs y sug# egj rgprocorsg* \kr gdgcpek% modk qug kboh h su phbrg% pgrk cugstrh ujh prgkiuphioùj gxhfgrhbh pkr ïe y uj hagitk bgs`krbhjtg*

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Jgfhioùj* Jk qugrgr rgikjkigr hefôj hspgitk bkekrksk bg eh rgheobhb gxtgrjh k bg eh gxpgrogjioh su`dgtovh qug sgrãh hphrgjtg phrh eks bgcès* \kr gdgcpek% ujh pgrskjh qug jk quogrg rgikjkigr qug su phrgdh sofug ikj geeh pkr ojtgrïs% jk pkr hckr* Yg mhèh bg jgfhioùj psoiùtoih iuhjbk mhy uj frhj bgtgrokrk gj eh prug`h bg eh rgheo# bhb*

O\IY # 87

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\rkygiioùj* Htroùioùj ahesh h ktrh pgrskjh bg eks prkpoks sgjtocogjtks% ocpuesks k pgjshcogjtks ojhigpthègs* Ygrãh ge ihsk bg tgjgreg hjtophtãh h hefuogj% pgrk pgjshr qug gs gstg quoïj quogrg mhigrjks bhøk*

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Phiokjheozhioùj* Kiuethcogjtk bg ehs vgrbhbgrhs cktovhiokjgs bg eks prkpoks pgj# shcogjtks% hiiokjgs k sgjtocogjtks h trhvïs bg eh geh`krhioùj bg gxpeoihiokjgs trhj# quoeozhbkrhs% pgrk ojikrrgiths* \kr gdgcpek% irotoihr sgvgrhcgjtg ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bg ujh pgrskjh h eh qug sg bgtgsth y bgior qug gs pkr su ògj*

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Pgprgsoùj* @ekqugk ojikjsiogjtg bg eks bgsgks% pgjshcogjtks k gxpgrogjiohs hcgjh# zhbkrgs phrh ocpgbor qug eegfugj h eh ikjiogjioh* Ge ikcpkjgjtg hagitovk pugbg pgrchjgigr ikjsiogjtg% sgphrhbk bg ehs obghs hskiohbhs* Jk mhy qug ikjaujbor eh rg# prgsoùj ikj eh suprgsoùj% uj ojtgjtk ikjsiogjtg bg jk pgjshr gj prkègchs% bgsgks% sgjtocogjtks k gxpgrogjiohs pgrtur`hbkrgs -p*gd*% gcpeghjbk bostrhiioùj/*

Dujtk h eks hjtgrokrgs hspgitks ikjigptuhegs `èsoiks% gxostgj thcòïj eks gegcgjtks aujbh# cgjthegs bg eh RGKPÃH IEÃJOIH \YOIKHJHEÃROIH4 #

Gs jgigshrok bgsiu`ror y ikcprgjbgr eks gvgjtks ojikjsiogjtgs y trhucètoiks bge bgshrrkeek ’ikj eh hyubh bg eks cïtkbks bg hskiohioùj eo`rg% gjtrgvosth% iehroaoihioùj y ikjarkjthioùj’% bg ckbk qug pugbhj sgr geh`krhbks pkr eks prkigsks rhiokjhegs y ikjsiogjtgs bge yk% y gstg pugbh eegfhr h boscojuor y chjgdhr hbgiuhbhcgjtg ehs augrzhs ojstojtovhs* Yg ahioeoth hsã eh chburhioùj psoikeùfoih* Mhigr ikjsiogjtg ek oj# ikjsiogjtg gs uj prkigsk frhbuhe qug kiurrg h ek ehrfk bg cuimhs sgsokjgs% hefujhs cès ihrfhbhs gckiokjhecgjtg qug ktrhs*

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Eh ojtgrprgthioùj bge chtgrohe qug surfg burhjtg eh ikjsueth y ge hjèeosos g ojtgrprg# thioùj bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y su rgskeuioùj skj ge ihcojk projiophe phrh qug ge ph# iogjtg eegfug h eh ikcprgjsoùj - ojsofmt/ bge krofgj y jhturhegzh bg sus prkègchs * Wjh ojtgrprgthioùj gs ujh ikcujoihioùj he ieogjtg qug togjg pkr aojheobhb mhigr ikjs# iogjtg ge sofjoaoihbk ojikjsiogjtg bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bge phiogjtg% chjoagsthbk jkrche# cgjtg h trhvïs bg eh hskiohioùj eo`rg% eks sugøks% ehs rgsostgjiohs y eh trhjsagrgjioh* Eh trhjsagrgjioh sg rgaogrg h qug ge phiogjtg rgprkbuig gj su rgehioùj ikj ge tgrhpguth hs# pgitks iruiohegs bg su gxpgrogjioh ikj aofurhs ocpkrthjtgs bg su prkpoh mostkroh% bg ckbk qug rghphrgigj gj eh ikjsueth eks ikjaeoitks y gxpgrogjiohs sofjoaoihtovhs bge bgshrrkeek*

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Eh rgehioùj bg trhjsagrgjioh pgrcotg pugs ge bgshrrkeek bg eh ikcprgjsoùj% eh iuhe jk gs cgrhcgjtg ikfjotovh% sojk qug ocpeoih hbgcès gxprgsoùj y bgsihrfh gckiokjhe* Yoj gstg ikcpkjgjtg gckiokjhe% eh ikcprgjsoùj vgrbhbgrh jk sg bh% sg eocoth h uj purk gdgr# ioiok ojtgegituhe* \kr ktrh phrtg% bhbh eh rghiioùj jk pujotovh bge tgrhpguth hjtg ehs rghi# iokjgs trhjsagrgjiohegs bge phiogjtg% eh trhjsagrgjioh thcòïj prkvgg uj hcògjtg gbuih# tovk qug ahvkrgig eh chburhioùj psoikeùfoih*

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Cuimks supkjgj qug eh ikcprgjsoùj vgrbhbgrh bg eks prkpoks ikjaeoitks ojtrhpsãquoiks gs suaoiogjtg phrh eh bgshphroioùj bg eks sãjtkchs y ge ihcòk gj eh ikjbuith chjoaogsth* Yoj gc`hrfk% ktrks pogjshj qug hujqug eh ikcprgjsoùj gs jgigshroh% pugbg jk sgr suaoiogjtg% sojk qug sg rgquogrg thcòïj hituhr borgithcgjtg phrh ihcòhr ge ikc# pkrthcogjtk gxtgrjk* Gstk gs ek qug haorch`h Argub iuhjbk bgiãh qug phrh ge trhthcogj# tk bg ujh akòh grh jgigshrok ge ojsmoft % pgrk thcòïj hegjthr he phiogjtg h h`hjbkjhr sus ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj*

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Eks phiogjtgs sg rgsostgj he cïtkbk tgrhpïutoik % gs bgior% gcpeghj ujh vhrogbhb bg cgboks borgitks g ojborgitks phrh prktgfgrsg bg eh hjsogbhb y ge ikjaeoitk hskiohbks ikj eh

O\IY # 81

tgrhpoh hjheãtoih* \kr thjtk% gs ocpkrthjtg obgjtoaoihr% hjheozhr g ojtgrprgthr gsths rgsos# tgjiohs phrh qug eh rgehioùj trhjsagrgjiohe kiurrh y pugbh sgr hjheozhbh y rgsugeth*

Ckboaoihiokjgs bg eh tgkrãh y tïijoih psoikhjheãtoih Yg ihrhitgrozhj pkr4 #

Ïjahsos gj ge phpge bge yk* Gstg aujiokjh gj cuimks hspgitks ikj ojbgpgjbgjioh bg eks ojstojtks y bge ikjaeoitk ojtrhpsãquoik> hbgcès gs rgspkjshèg bg hitovobhbgs aujbhcgjth# egs4 cgckroh% pgrigpioùj% ikjtrke bg ocpuesks% rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs% akrchioùj bg eh obgjtobhb*

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Ïjahsos gj ehs gxpgrogjiohs psoikskiohegs -y jk sùek psoiksgxuhegs/ bge bgshrrkeek bg eks bks procgrks høks gj eh bgtgrcojhioùj bg eh pgrskjheobhb/*

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Hpeoihioùj bg eh tgrhpoh h pkèhiokjgs ieãjoihs boagrgjtgs bg eks hbuetks jgurùtoiks vostks pkr Argub4 joøks% psoiùtoiks% trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb* Hbgcès% gxtgjsoùj h sotuhiokjgs jk ieãjoihs4 gbuihioùj% gcprgshs% ojstotuiokjgs*

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Ïjahsos gj eks ahitkrgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* Yg ikjsobgrh ge bgshrrkeek psoikeùfoik ikck ge rgsuethbk bg eh ojtgrhiioùj gjtrg vhrohègs pgrskjhegs y gxpgrogjiohs ojtgrpgrskjhegs*

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Ïjahsos gj eh jhturhegzh bg eh krfhjozhioùj bg eh pgrskjheobhb gj eufhr bg gj eks ikjaeoitks bojècoiks gspgiãaoiks* Ikck ikjsgiugjioh bge ïjahsos gj ge yk y bg eks ojtgj# tks bg trhthr eks trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb% ehs akrcuehiokjgs bg eh psoikphtkekfãh sg igj# trhj gj eks bgagitks bg eh gstruiturh psãquoih cès qug gj eks ikjaeoitks ojtgrjks*

Yofuogjbk h @hngr -8?=7+8?==/% pugbgj bostojfuorsg% hphrtg bge psoikhjèeosos ieèsoik% trgs bgshrrkeeks bgjtrk bg eks ckbgeks bojècoiks% hujqug ehs arkjtgrhs gjtrg geeks jk skj iehrhs y ge giegitoiosck gs argiugjtg* Gstks ckbgeks skj4 h/ Eh trhboioùj jgkargubohjh% rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Hbegr% Dujf% Agjoimge% Agrgji# zo% Pgoim% Phjn% Mkrjgy% Yueeovhj y Arkcc* `/ Eh trhboioùj hjheãtoih bge yk% qug ojieuyg eh tgkrãh bg ehs rgehiokjgs k`dgthegs% y gstè rg# prgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Cgehjog Negoj% Ahor`hoj% Vojjoiktt% Hjh Argub% Gronskj% Mhrtchjj% Phpphpkrt y Fujtrop* i/ Eh psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih% rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Chehj% Yoajgks% Aokrojo% Chjj y Bhvhjekk* Ihpãtuek hphrtg ek ikjstotuygj ehs gsiosokjgs tgcprhjhs bg Dujf% Hbegr y Phjn% hsã ikck eh cès thrbãh bg Ehihj* Rkbks geeks mhj aujbhbk gsiugehs y sgjbks sostgchs tgrhpïutoiks* \kr eocoth# iokjgs bg gsphiok sg vh h trhthr ôjoihcgjtg eh psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih% eh iuhe gs hcpeohcgjtg utoeozhbh gj eh hituheobhb*

Eh psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih Yus ihrhitgrãstoihs skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Ocpgrhtovks prèitoiks -ojirgcgjtk bg eh bgchjbh hsostgjiohe/ mhj eegvhbk h ùsihr uj trhthcogjtk cgjks rgfrgsovk g ojtgjsk % hbgiuhbk phrh hqugeeks qug jk jgigsothj ujh

O\IY # 86

rggstruiturhioùj prkaujbh bg su pgrskjheobhb k qug jk bgsggj k jk sghj ihphigs bg tkeg# rhr ge togcpk y ehs gxofgjiohs gckiokjhegs bge psoikhjèeosos prkekjfhbk* #

Ge trhthcogjtk togjg ujh cgjkr burhioùj -fgjgrhecgjtg 81#9< sgsokjgs/ y eh argiugjioh bg ehs sgsokjgs thcòïj sg rgbuig h 8#0 pkr sgchjh% gj vgz bg 2#7*

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Ge tgrhpguth gs cès hitovk y borgitovk y akcgjth ge bgshrrkeek bg ujh ùgjh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih* Hbgcès% jk sg utoeozh ge bovèj y ehs sgsokjgs sg rgheozhj ihrh h ihrh*

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Mhy uj cgjkr ïjahsos gj ge bgsiu`rocogjtk g ojtgrprgthioùj bg chtgrohe mostùroik y ujh chykr ikjigjtrhioùj gj eks hspgitks hituhegs y gj eh rgskeuioùj bg prkègchs gspg# iãaoiks bgrovhbks bg eks ikjaeoitks `èsoiks jk rgsugetks% hujqug rgehtovhcgjtg hutùjkcks bg gstks*

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Yg gjahtozh eh skeuioùj bg akiks prkègcètoiks k cès bgsikcpgjshbks bg eh pgrskjh# eobhb gj eufhr bg eh rggstruiturhioùj fek`he bg eh pgrskjheobhb* Yg togjgj gj iugjth eks hspgitks bg gsth qug sg rgehiokjhj ikj eks prkègchs hituhegs*

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Yg ùsih hpkyhr ehs bgagjshs ôtoegs bge ieogjtg% ahvkrgigr eh hbhpthioùj bg eh pgrskjh y cgdkrhr ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs*

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Yg hcpeãh eh fhch bg ojtgrvgjiokjgs gcpeghbhs* Hbgcès bg eh ojtgrprgthioùj% sg utoeo# zhj ojtgrvgjiokjgs gbuihtovhs y bg hpkyk -hikjsgdhcogjtk% ojstruiiokjgs% ojakrchioùj% skstïj gckiokjhe% haorchioùj k bgshrrkeek bg mhòeobhbgs/* \ugbg gcpeghrsg tgrhpoh bg frupk% ahcoeohr k bg phrgdh y thcòïj cgboihioùj kihsokjhe*

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Ge prkpok akrchtk bg eh tgrhpoh mhig qug eh trhjsagrgjioh sgh cgjks ojtgjsh y rgfrgso# vh* Ge ïjahsos sg pkjg gj eh rgehioùj prgsgjtg gjtrg phiogjtg y tgrhpguth% soj qug sgh jgig# shrok rgckjthrsg he phshbk*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks psoikbojècoiks \ksotovk #

Ge psoikhjèeosos kargig ujh tgkrãh cuy geh`krhbh sk`rg ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk qug ojtgfrh ge bgshrrkeek bg eh pgrskjheobhb ikj eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks y eehch eh htgjioùj sk`rg ehs augrzhs ojtgrjhs bg eh pgrskjh y% gj phrtoiuehr% sk`rg eks hspgitks orrhiokjhegs g ojikjsiogjtgs bge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh sobk ge procgr sostgch ojtgfrhbk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih ckbgrjh*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh bhbk eufhr h hùjbhjtgs mopùtgsos higrih bg eks trhstkrjks psoikeù# foiks*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh sgøhehbk ehs ocpeoihiokjgs bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y bg eh ikjtrhtrhjsag# rgjioh -sgjtocogjtks y ahjthsãhs qug eks tgrhpguths gxpgrocgjthj gj rgspugsth h sus ph# iogjtgs/*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh bgsthihbk ge phpge bg eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh*

O\IY # 8=

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Iogrtks rgiursks tïijoiks ikck eh hskiohioùj eo`rg% ehs tïijoihs prkygitovhs y ge hjè# eosos bg eks sugøks mhj sobk hbkpthbks pkr ktrks gjakqugs % hujqug jk tkbks vgj gstk ikck hefk pksotovk*

Jgfhtovk #

Eh chykrãh bg eks ikjigptks psoikbojècoiks gstèj akrcuehbks bg uj ckbk thj h`s# trhitk g ocprgiosk qug ocpobg su gstubok iogjtãaoik -ujh gxigpioùj skj eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh/* Hbgcès% ge ckbgek gstè akrcuehbk bg the chjgrh qug iuhequogr rgsueth# bk k`tgjobk pugbg sgr ojtgrprgthbk ikck ahvkrhèg h eh tgkrãh* \kr gdgcpek% gj ujh pgrskjh gj eh qug sg supkjgj ocpuesks ojikjsiogjtgs mkstoegs% eh gxostgjioh bg gstks gs ikjaorchbh thjtk pkr ujh ikjbuith hfrgsovh ikck pkr ujh ikjbuith hphioèg* Gj gstg ôe# tock ihsk sg ojvkih ge ikjigptk bg akrchioùj rghitovh% soj gspgioaoihr ehs ioriujsthjiohs `hdk ehs qug gsth pugbg bhrsg k jk*

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Ge gjakqug psoikbojècoik gs ojsuaoiogjtg phrh gxpeoihr eh ikcpegdobhb bg eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche*

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Eh aohòeobhb y vheobgz bg eks ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj utoeozhbks -prug`hs prkygi# tovhs% k`sgrvhioùj jk gstruiturhbh/ skj bubkshs*

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Gxostgj pkiks gstuboks ikjtrkehbks sk`rg eh gaoihioh bg ehs tgrhpohs psoikbojècoihs% hujqug hituhecgjtg ge gjakqug bg psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih gstè sogjbk skcgtobk h ojvgstofhioùj* Eks gstuboks skj hôj gsihsks% pgrk eks rgsuethbks skj pksotovks* Gstg topk bg psoiktgrhpoh gs cès gaoihz qug ge jk trhthcogjtk% hujqug jk cès qug ktrhs tgrhpohs he# tgrjhtovhs*

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\ugbgj irghrsg jugvks prkègchs gj eks phiogjtgs k gj ehs pgrskjhs jkrchegs he ojtgrprgthr bgtgrcojhbks ikcpkrthcogjtks ikck ojboihbkrgs bg cktovhiokjgs phtk# eùfoihs ojikjsiogjtgs*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos ieèsoik kargig ujh vosoùj `hsthjtg pgsocosth bge mkc`rg% bgsthih gxigso# vhcgjtg ge phpge bg eks ocpuesks -sgxuhegs y hfrgsovks/ y rgegfh eks ahitkrgs ojtgrpgrsk# jhegs y iueturhegs* Gjahtozh gxigsovhcgjtg eks ahitkrgs mostùroiks y jk prgsth eh suaoiogjtg htgjioùj h eks prkègchs hituhegs bge ieogjtg* Ikck tgrhpoh% sùek gs hpeoihèg h pgrskjhs ikj ùgj jovge iueturhe% gs bgchsohbk ehrfk y jk gs cès gaoihz qug trhthcogjtks cuimk cès `rgvgs*

CKBGEKY AGJKCGJKEÙFOIKY \ugbgj gjiuhbrhrsg hquã eh tgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg% eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih% ge hjèeosos trhjshiiokjhe% ge psoikbrhch% eh òkgjgrfïtoih y eh tgrhpoh gxostgjiohe* Hutkrgs rgprgsgjthtovks skj Pkfgrs% \gres% @grjg% Ckrgjk% Ekwgj% Chy y Arhjne* Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs `èsoihs bg eks ckbg# eks agjkcgjkeùfoiks ’thcòïj eehchbks muchjosths k% ek qug gs ihbh vgz cès argiugjtg% gxpg# rogjiohegs’ skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Hutkjkcãh pgrskjhe y rgspkjshòeobhb skiohe* \kr uj ehbk% ge sgr muchjk gs ihphz bg borofor su prkpok bgshrrkeek y bg tkchr bgiosokjgs% y gs rgspkjshèg bg sus hitks* \kr ktrk% gsth hutkjkcãh pgrskjhe gs eh qug pgrcotg sgr rgspkjshèg hjtg eh skiogbhb* Jk sg gjahto# zhj ehs mhòeobhbgs bge ieogjtg k ehs gstrhtgfohs phrh harkjthr ge hcògjtg% yh qug sg ikjso#

O\IY # 8?

bgrh qug iuhjtk cès sg higrqug ge ieogjtg h su pktgjiohe bg bgshrrkeek% cès ihphz sgrè bg gjikjtrhr skeuiokjgs h eks prkègchs gxtgrjks bg su vobh soj hyubh bg jhbog* Bg mgimk% sg togjbg h ikjsobgrhr ikjtrhprkbuigjtg kargigr hyubh borgith h uj ieogjtg phrh rg# skevgr sus prkègchs % pugstk qug bg gstg ckbk ge ieogjtg pugbg mhigrsg cès bgpgjbogjtg bge tgrhpguth y pgrbgr eh kpkrtujobhb bg qug sus obghs y sgjtocogjtks sghj su fuãh* #

Hutkrrgheozhioùj* Ihbh pgrskjh pksgg bg akrch ojjhth uj pktgjiohe bg irgiocogjtk k hutkrrgheozhioùj% ujh tgjbgjioh h bgshrrkeehrsg y h prkfrgshr mhioh eh chburgz* Ehs pgr# skjhs skj vosths ikck `èsoihcgjtg ùgjhs y krogjthbhs mhioh cgths pksotovhs -hckr% ageoiobhb% hrckjãh% irghtovobhb/* Ge bgshrrkeek bg eh tgjbgjioh mhioh eh hutkrrgheozhioùj bgpgjbg gj frhj phrtg bg eh shtosahiioùj bg ehs jgigsobhbgs `èsoihs bge krfhjosck* \kr gdgcpek% Chsekw mh sgøhehbk qug phrh ùsihr eh hutkrrgheozhioùj gs jgigshrok shtos# ahigr procgrk iuhtrk topks bg jgigsobhbgs `èsoihs 4 aosokeùfoihs -mhc`rg% sgb% sgxk/% psoikeùfoihs -sgfurobhb/% bg rgehioùj skiohe -pgrtgjgjioh% higpthioùj/ y hutkgstoch -rgspg# tk h ujk cosck/*

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Krogjthioùj mhioh cgths y `ôsqugbh bg sgjtobk* Ehs hiiokjgs muchjhs skj ojtgjiokjh# egs% vhj borofobhs h cgths* Hmkrh ògj% eh pgrskjh sg cugvg jk sùek pkr cktovhiokjgs chtgrohegs% sojk thcòïj pkr vhekrgs ’thegs ikck eh eo`grthb% dustoioh y bofjobhb’ qug supkjgj uj ojtgjtk bg trhsigjbgr eh prkpoh gxostgjioh*

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Ikjigpioùj fek`he bg eh pgrskjh* Gsth sg ikjsobgrh ikck uj ikjdujtk ojtgfrhbk gj ge qug sgjtocogjtk% pgjshcogjtk y hiioùj akrchj uj tkbk* Yg ikjsobgrh% pkr thjtk% qug gj ge trhthcogjtk ehs pgrskjhs mhj bg sgr htgjbobhs gj su ikjdujtk* Igjtrhrsg gj prk# ègchs gspgiãaoiks sg ikjsobgrh bg pkih utoeobhb% yh qug gstk pugbg fgjgrhr jugvks prkègchs -bgpgjbgjioh/ g ojtgragror gj ge prkpok irgiocogjtk pgrskjhe bg eks ieogjtgs*

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\ujtk bg vosth agjkcgjkeùfoik* Yg ikjsobgrh qug ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bg ujh pgrskjh gstè bgtgrcojhbk projiophecgjtg pkr eh pgrigpioùj qug togjg bg sã cosch y bge cujbk* Ehs pgrskjhs irghj eh ―rgheobhb– h phrtor bg sus pgrigpiokjgs oboksojirèsoihs* Yg pogjsh qug sùek sg pugbg ikcprgjbgr h ujh pgrskjh so sg gs ihphz bg pgrioòr ehs ikshs ikck geeh ehs pgrio`g* Yg gspgrh qug he or rgvgehjbk sus pgrigpiokjgs he tgrhpguth% ge ieogjtg sg mhrè cès ikjsiogjtg bg gshs pgrigpiokjgs y bg iùck fuãhj su ikcpkrthcogjtk*

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Ïjahsos gj ge hquã y hmkrh* Yg ikjigbg pkih k cgjks ocpkrthjioh h eh mostkroh bge ieogj# tg* Yg higjtôhj eh gxpgrogjioh ojcgbohth -ckcgjtk h ckcgjtk bg eh sgsoùj tgrhpïu# toih/ y ehs gckiokjgs* Ge akik bg eh tgrhpoh rhrh vgz sg hegdh bg ek qug gstè suigbogjbk bu# rhjtg eh sgsoùj*

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Ge tgrhpguth jk hbkpth ge phpge bg gxpgrtk qug sh`g y bgiobg quï gs ek cgdkr phrh ge ieogjtg*

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Aojhecgjtg% sg bh cès ocpkrthjioh h ehs hitotubgs bge tgrhpguth qug h ehs tïijoihs ikj# irgths* Eh rgehioùj gjtrg ieogjtg y tgrhpguth sg ikjsobgrh ge cgbok ôjoik k aujbhcgjthe h trhvïs bge iuhe sg ikjsofug eh hutkrrgheozhioùj* \kr thjtk% eh bosiusoùj bge phshbk k eh peh# joaoihioùj bge chjgdk bg sotuhiokjgs prkègcètoihs auturhs skj cgjks ôtoegs qug eh vovgj# ioh gj ge prgsgjtg bg ujh rgehioùj ikj ktrh pgrskjh qug higpth ojikjboiokjhecgjtg he ieogjtg*

Gxostg ujh bovgrsobhb bg su`ckbgeks agjkcgjkeùfoiks* \kr eocothiokjgs bg gsphiok y togcpk% trhthrgcks sùek bks gjakqugs ieèsoiks% eh tgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg bg Pkfgrs y eh tgrhpoh Fgs# thet bg \gres* Wj gjakqug cès hituhe% eh tgrhpoh gxpgrogjiohe -Frggj`grf/% qug supkjg ujh iogrth

O\IY # 0<

sãjtgsos hituheozhbh bg eks bks hjtgrokrgs% sgrè h`krbhbh gj ge tgch 88 bge prkfrhch* Eh tgrhpoh gxpgrogjiohe ikjsgrvh eh ojsporhioùj rkfgrohjh igjtrhbh gj eh pgrskjh% pgrk hbkpth ujh hitotub cès borgitovh y ujh krogjthioùj ikfjotovk#ikjstruitovosth*

Eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg bg Pkfgrs skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Ikjaohjzh gj eh ihphiobhb bg eh pgrskjh phrh borofor su prkpoh vobh -sh`gr ek qug eg pgrtur`h% tkchr bgiosokjgs% gti*/* Gxostg ujh tgjbgjioh ojjhth h eh hutkrrgheozhioùj% ujh tgjbgjioh h chburhr% h gxprgshr y hitovhr tkbhs ehs ihphiobhbgs bge krfhjosck*

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Ge irgiocogjtk bg ujh pgrskjh bgpgjbg bg gsth tgjbgjioh ojjhth h eh hutkrrgheozh# ioùj y bg uj sostgch bg gvheuhioùj bg ehs gxpgrogjiohs ikck pksotovhs k jgfhtovhs sg# fôj sghj ikjfrugjtgs k jk ikj eh tgjbgjioh hjtgrokr* -Hutkrrgheozhioùj jk sofjoaoih gfkãsck% yh qug hqugeeh bh vhekr h eks ktrks*/ Gj gstg prkigsk bg irgiocogjtk% qug togjg eufhr gj ojtgrhiioùj ikj ge cgbok% sg bgshrrkeeh ge ikjigptk bg sã cosck ikck boagrgj# iohbk bge cujbk gxtgrokr*

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Ge sostgch bg gvheuhioùj bg ehs gxpgrogjiohs bgpgjbg pkr ujh phrtg bg sgjtocogjtks borgitks u krfhjãscoiks -hefk gs vhekrhbk borgithcgjtg ikck pksotovk k jgfhtovk sgfôj ge frhbk gj qug gs ikjfrugjtg ikj eh tgjbgjioh h eh hutkrrgheozhioùj/* \grk pkr ktrh phrtg% bgpgjbg thcòïj bg eks duoioks bg eks ktrks* Iuhjtk chykr sgh eh hutkikjaohjzh bg eh pgrskjh y cès sg higptg h sã cosch% cgjks sg bgdhrè ojaeuor pkr ehs vhekrhiokjgs bg eks ktrks* Yoj gc`hrfk% ehs prèitoihs gbuihtovhs eegvhj h eh pgrskjh h bgpgjbgr gxigsovhcgjtg bg eks duoioks bg eks bgcès ikj ge aoj bg hfrhbhregs k jk ikjtrhrohregs*

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Eh bgpgjbgjioh bg ehs jkrchs y vhekrgs skiohegs -ikjboiokjgs bg vhekr/% qug aojhecgjtg skj ojtgrjheozhbks% boaoiueth eh ikjsobgrhioùj pksotovh bg sã cosck y gjtkrpgig ge irgio# cogjtk pgrskjhe he kèofhr h pgjshr y hituhr bg ckbk ojikjfrugjtg ikj ujk cosck* Yg irghj hsã hitotubgs bg cogbk% hjsogbhb y bubh sk`rg sã cosck y sg jogfhj% bostkrsokjhj k èkqughj sgjtocogjtks y bgsgks prkpoks* \kr gdgcpek% uj mkc`rg gcktovk% pgrk gbuih# bk sgfôj uj phtrùj ieèsoik bg eks mkc`rgs ikck augrtgs g ocphsoègs% pugbg jgfhr qug eekrhr eg mhig sgjtorsg ògj> hbgcès% su haorchioùj bg qug eekrhr gs bg bïòegs rgprgsgjth ujh bostkrsoùj bg sus prkpoks sgjtocogjtks*

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Eks prkègchs psoikeùfoiks surfgj bg eh bosirgphjioh higjtuhbh gjtrg ek qug ge krfh# josck gxpgrogjioh y ek qug gs jgigshrok phrh chjtgjgr eh ikjsobgrhioùj pksotovh mhioh sã cosck k% gj ktrks tïrcojks% bg eh ojikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck ikck gs ckebghbk pkr eks ktrks y ge sã cosck rghe*

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Eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg sg ihrhitgrozh pkr 4 h/ ahioeothr eh hutkrrgheozh# ioùj bge ieogjtg% `/ gjahtozhr ek hagitovk cès qug ek ojtgegituhe% i/ higjtuhr eh ocpkrthjioh bge prgsgjtg% y b/ ikjsobgrhr eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih ikck ujh gxpgrogjioh bg irgio# cogjtk* Gstk ôetock ocpeoih qug ge tgrhpguth bg`g ckstrhr higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjbo# iokjhe -higpthr he ieogjtg ikck gs% soj duoioks> gstk ocpeoih jk sgr borgitovk% jk bhr ikjsg# dks jo phuths/% gcphtãh -ikcprgjbgr he ieogjtg bgsbg ge pujtk bg vosth bg gstg/ y ikj# frugjioh k hutgjtoiobhb -ikcujoihr eks prkpoks sgjtocogjtks y gxpgrogjiohs ojtgrjhs/ gj su rgehioùj ikj ge ieogjtg* Pkfgrs ikjsobgrh qug gsths trgs hitotubgs bge tgrhpguth skj ikjboiokjgs jgigshrohs y suaoiogjtgs phrh ahioeothr eh hutkrrgheozhioùj bge phiogjtg*

O\IY O\IY # 08

Yoj gc`hrfk% ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs ojvgstofhiokjgs mhj bgckstrhbk qug ehs hitotubgs cgjiokjhbhs jk skj suaoiogjtgs phrh ikjsgfuor ihcòks tgrhpïutoiks y qug ge prkpok Pkfgrs rgakrzh`h jk vgr`hecgjtg k mhiãh ikcgjthroks bg hprgiohioùj pkso# tovh bgspuïs bg qug eks ieogjtgs gxprgshsgj gspgrhjzhs pksotovhs k hutkochfgj pksotovh k ikjikrbhsgj ikj ge tgrhpguth> gs bgior ckstrh`h cgjks higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjbo# iokjhe y cès borgitovobhb bg eh qug irgãh* #

Ktrhs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg skj4 h/ sg higpthj eks oj# akrcgs bge ieogjtg ikck vèeobks y ikjaohègs% ojbgpgjbogjtgcgjtg bg ek qug eg phrgzih he tgrhpguth> `/ jk sg ojtgrrucpg he ieogjtg % shevk phrh vgroaoihr k hcpeohr hefujh obgh> y i/ jk sg gcpeghj ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs % yh qug sg ikjsobgrhj bgchsohbk borgitovhs g oc# peoihj qug ge tgrhpguth sh`g cès cès sk`rg ge prkpok ieogjtg qug gstg cosck*

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Yg ikjsobgrh ikjsobgrh qug qug gj eh sotuhioùj sotuhioùj tgrhpïutoih tgrhpïutoih gj eh qug qug ge ieogjtg gs gs ikcprgjbobk ikcprgjbobk y higpth# higpth# bk gj vgz bg irotoihbk% gstg gs eo`rg phrh vgrsg h sã cosck soj bgagjshs y phrh rgikjk# igr y hbcotor frhbuhecgjtg su sã cosck rghe % ikj sus hspgitks thjtk jgfhtovks ikck pksotovks* Gsth gxpgrogjioh gj eh ikjiogjioh bg sgjtocogjtks rgprocobks mhsth ge ckcgjtk bh eufhr h ujh sgjshioùj bg ihcòk psoikeùfoik% h uj jugvk gsthbk bg ikcprgjsoùj - oj# sofmt / y h ihcòks aosokeùfoiks ikjikcothjtgs* Hbgcès% sg bgshrrkeeh uj sostgch bg gvheuhioùj qug jk togjg pkr quï chjtgjgr ehs jkrchs ocùobhs pkr ehs aofurhs bg hutkro# bhb% qug gs ihphz bg hbhpthrsg h boagrgjtgs ioriujsthjiohs% qug boagrgjioh gjtrg ge duoiok pgrskjhe y ge duoiok bg ktrks y qug gs ihphz bg tkchr bgiosokjgs boagrgjtgs h ehs bg eks gx# pgrtks*

Eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih Pgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Arotz \gres% Ehurh \gres% Fkkbchj% Yocnoj% Vgosz y Mgaagreo# jg% sus ihrhitgrãstoihs skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Ihbh pgrskjh togjg ujh tgjbgjioh jhturhe h ikcpegthr su gxostgjioh -h hutkrrgheo# zhrsg/% h shtosahigr sus jgigsobhbgs y bgsgks egfãtocks*

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Ihbh pgrskjh gs rgspkjshèg bg su ikjbuith*

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Yg gjahtozh ge hquã y hmkrh* Yg ùsih qug ge ieogjtg jk sg rgaufog gj ge phshbk*

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Yg pgrsofug qug ge ieogjtg tkcg ikjiogjioh bg sus jgigsobhbgs% gckiokjgs y bgchj# bhs bge cgbok -thjtk pksotovhs ikck jgfhtovhs/% cès heeè bg ehs ojtgegituheozhiokjgs g ojtgrprgthiokjgs* Gj eh tkch bg ikjiogjioh ge sã cosck sg gxpgrocgjth ikck ujh tktheo# bhb -jk gstè bovobobk gjtrg ujh phrtg qug k`sgrvh y ktrh qug gs k`sgrvhbh/ y ge ieogjtg sg ikjigjtrh gspkjtèjghcgjtg gj ek qug eg ojtgrgsh y bgsiu`rg ikshs jugvhs* Gstk eegvh h ujh eo`grhioùj bg eh tgjsoùj y h uj hucgjtk bg gjgrfãh qug sg pugbg hpeoihr h gxpgrocgj# thr jugvhs ikjbuiths% procgrk gj uj cgbok sgfurk y eugfk gj sotuhiokjgs bg eh vobh ikto# bohjh*

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Eh ikjiogjioh bg eh pgrskjh pgrskjh pugbg rgsuethr bostkrsokjhbh k ojikcpegth he trhthr bg gvothr ge ikjaeoitk gjtrg ehs prkpohs jgigsobhbgs y ehs gxofgjiohs bge cgbok* Yg vg he phiogjtg ikck ujh sgrog bg pkehrobhbgs -chjbùj#sucosk% skiohèg#rgtrhãbk/% bg ckbk qug togjbg h igjtrhrsg sk`rg uj pkek y h gvothr ge ktrk * \hrh ge pkek qug prkbuig tgckr pkr sã cosck k pkr sus pksoègs rgpgriusokjgs sg ikjstruygj bgagjshs y èkqugks *

O\IY O\IY # 00

\gres sg igjtrh thcòïj gj eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh qug sg chjoaogsthj gj ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* Hsã% ehs pgrskjhs h ehs qug rgsueth ojiùckbk gxpgrocgjthr y gxprgshr borgithcgjtg iogrths jgigsobhbgs -p*gd*% hckr/ pugbgj bgshrrkeehr gstrhtgfohs k dugfks chjopuehbkrgs phrh shtosahigr boimhs jgigsobhbgs bg akrch ojborgith* Bg gstg ckbk% ehs pgrskjhs iuyhs ojtgrhiiokjgs ikj eks bgcès sg `hshj gj gjagrcgbhbgs ojtgrco# jhègs% cogbks% hfrgsokjgs k ojhbgiuhiokjgs augrzhj h eks ktrks h sgr skeãiotks k ihroøk# sks* \grk ikck gstks sg bhj iugjth bg qug gstèj sogjbk chjopuehbks% pugbgj tgrcojhr ckstrhjbk rgimhzk mhioh gshs pgrskjhs% ikj ek qug gsths sg vgrèj kèofhbhs% pkr gdgcpek% h ùsihr ktrh pgrskjh ikj quogj dufhr * \hrh gcpgkrhr ehs ikshs% eh ikjiogjioh ojikcpeg# th k suprocobh sugeg or hikcphøhbh bg eh ocprgsoùj bg qug jk sg gs rgspkjshèg bg eks prkpoks prkègchs* Hsã% sg togjbg h iuephr h ktrks -"so jk augrh pkr cos modks% jk tgj# brãh prkègchs"/% h ioriujsthjiohs hcògjthegs -"jk mhy mkc`rgs ojtgrgshjtgs gj gstg ph# ãs"/ k h augrzhs ojtgrjhs sk`rg ehs qug jk sg pugbg ojaeuor -"jk pugbk ikjtrkehr co gjah# bk"/* #

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Eh cgth aujbhcgjthe bg eh tgrhpoh fgsthet gs rgsthègigr ge prkigsk bg irgiocogjtk bge ieogjtg* \hrh geek% sg hyubh h gstg h tkchr ikjiogjioh bg eks sgjtocogjtks% bgsgks g oc# puesks prkpoks qug mhj sobk jgfhbks% y h rgikjkigr eks sgjtocogjtks% obghs y vhekrgs qug ikjsobgrh prkpoks% pgrk qug mh hbkpthbk bg ktrhs pgrskjhs* Eh ikjsgiuioùj prk# frgsovh bg gsth ikjiogjioh ahioeoth qug ge ieogjtg hsocoeg k mhfh suyks eks hspgitks k pk# ehrobhbgs bg sã cosck qug mh`ãh rgimhzhbk y qug bgdg h uj ehbk ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs qug rghecgjtg jk eg pgrtgjgigj* )

Eh hsocoehioùj bg ehs pkehrobhbgs prkpohs rgimhzhbhs y eh ojtgfrhioùj ikj sus kpugsths% ’ek iuhe ocpeoih uj rgikjkiocogjtk bg tkbhs ehs phrtgs bge yk y eh ujobhb bg eks ikcpkrthcogjtks vgr`hegs y jk vgr`hegs’ pgrcotorèj he ieogjtg rgspkjshòeozhr# sg bg sã cosck ikck rghecgjtg gs gj vgz bg bgagjbgr ujh hutkochfgj phriohecgjtg ahesh g ojtgrjhcgjtg gj ikjaeoitk*

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\kr gdgcpek% ujh pgrskjh qug sg sogjtg supgrokr h eks bgcès% pgrk qug mh rgpro# cobk gstg sgjtocogjtk y mh hbkpthbk uj horg bg mucoebhb vh h pkbgr rgikjkigr y gxprgshr ehs bks phrtgs gj ikjaeoitk -"sky ge cès frhjbg" ikjtrh "jk bg`k prgsu# cor"/* Ikjsgfuobk gstk% sgrè cès aèioe qug gjiugjtrg ujh akrch bg rgskeuioùj4 "gstè ògj qug yk gxprgsg cos sgjtocogjtks bg ikcpgtgjioh% pgrk jgigsotk thcòïj tkchr gj iugjth eks sgjtocogjtks bg eks bgcès"* Hsã pugs% ehs rgskeuiokjgs bg uj ikjaeoitk rgquogrgj ujh ikjiogjioh tkthe bg eks bks pkeks*

Rïijoihs gcpeghbhs pkr eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih skj4 usk bge prgsgjtg gj eh ikcujoihioùj vgr`he% sgøhehcogjtk bge ikcpkrthcogjtk jk vgr`he phrh qug ge ieogjtg hjheoig ge sofjoao# ihbk bge cosck% trh`hdk ikj sugøks% tïijoih bg eh soeeh vhiãh* Yg gcpeghj thcòïj tïijo# ihs bg ktrks h`krbhdgs ikck ge psoikbrhch bg Ckrgjk k ge trh`hdk ikrpkrhe bg eh òkgjgr# fïtoih* Bks psoiktgrhpohs hituhegs gj ehs qug mh ojaeuobk jkthègcgjtg eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih skj eh prkfrhchioùj jgurkeojfõãstoih bg @hjbegr y Frojbgr -8?67/ y eh psoiktgrhpoh gx# prgsovh akiheozhbh qug Bhebrup% @gutegr% Frggj`grf y Gjfeg -8?==/ mhj prgsgjthbk gj akrch bg chjuhe*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks agjkcgjkeùfoiks Ikjvogjg bgsthihr qug gxostg ujh frhj mgtgrkfgjgobhb gjtrg eks bostojtks gjakqugs agjk# cgjkeùfoiks*

O\IY O\IY # 09

\ksotovk #

Ikjigpioùj aoeksùaoih pksotovh bge mkc`rg % hujqug pugbg sgr pkik rgheosth*

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Jk sg igjtrhj gj eh phtkekfãh% sojk gj eh hutkrrgheozhioùj y gj ek qug ge ieogjtg pugbg eegfhr h sgr*

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Ge ïjahsos gj eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih eks mhig gspgiohecgjtg htrhygjtgs phrh eks ieãjoiks* ieã joiks* Hbgcès% mhy qug rgikjkigregs ge cïrotk bg mh`gr pugstk bg chjoaogstk ge vhekr bg boimh rgehioùj gj iuhequogr topk bg tgrhpoh*

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\hrgigj gspgiohecgjtg hbgiuhbks phrh pgrskjhs ikj prkègchs bg obgjtobhb k bg vhekrgs*

Jgfhtovk #

Ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs skj ocprgioshs y vhfhs% pkr ek qug rgsueth cuy boaãioe k ocpksoèg skcgtgrehs h prug`h* Hbgcès% ikj eh gxigpioùj projiophe bg Pkfgrs% ge cï# tkbk iogjtãaoik gs% pkr ek fgjgrhe% bgdhbk bg ehbk k rgimhzhbk> gstk pugbg sgr bgòbk he ïjahsos gj eh su`dgtovobhb y h qug eh ojvgstofhioùj ikjtrkehbh sg ikjsobgrh hrtoaoiohe*

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Yg bgsiro`g ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk% gspgiohecgjtg eks hspgitks su`dgtovks% pgrk% gj fgjgrhe% jk sg obgjtoaoihj y+k prgioshj ehs vhrohègs qug ek ikjtrkehj* Hsã% sg boig qug eh tgjbgjioh h eh hutkrrgheozhioùj gstè gj eh `hsg bge bgshrrkeek bge ikcpkrthcogjtk% pgrk jk sg gspgioaoih gj quï ikjsostg gxhithcgjtg jo iùck kpgrh phrh ojaeuor sk`rg eh ikjbuith* Rhcpkik sg gxpeoih iuèegs skj ehs vhrohègs rgspkjshègs bg ehs pgrigpiokjgs su`dgtovhs% pgrigpiokjgs qug sg ikjsobgrhj bgtgrcojhjtgs bge ikcpkrthcogjtk*

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Yg igjtrhj gj eh gxpgrogjioh ikjsiogjtg ikck bgtgrcojhjtg bg eh ikjbuith muchjh y rgegfhj ktrks cuimks ahitkrgs -òkeùfoiks% sotuhiokjhegs% ikjboiokjgs bg hprgjbozhdg% cktovks ojikjsiogjtgs/* Bg gstg ckbk% ge gjakqug agjkcgjkeùfoik gs ojsuaoiogjtg phrh gxpeoihr eh ikcpegdobhb bg eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche* Hbgcès% eh bgsgjahtozhioùj bg gsks ktrks ahitkrgs pugbg ikjbuior h eh hpeoihioùj bg uj trhthcogjtk cgjks gaoihz*

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Eh rhzùj sg su`krbojh he sgjtocogjtk % sg ùsih ge ikjkiocogjtk h trhvïs bg eh gxpgrogj# ioh su`dgtovh y sg rgegfh ge hjèeosos rhiokjhe* Gstk pugbg mhigr cès boaãioe gjikjtrhr ujh skeuioùj phrh cuimks prkègchs y mhigr cès prk`hèg qug eks gagitks tgrhpïutoiks ikj# sgfuobks sghj tgcpkrhegs*

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Eks trhthcogjtks agjkcgjkeùfoiks% gspgiohecgjtg eks `hshbks gj eh rgehioùj% skj vhfks y pkik rgheosths* Hbgcès% hefujks mhj pugstk gj bubh qug uj tgrhpguth pugbh sgr rghecgjtg gcpètoik y qug jk duzfug y sgh jk borgitovk* Gs cuy pksoèg qug ge rg# akrzhcogjtk sutoe pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth -gxprgsokjgs ahiohegs% corhbhs% htgjioùj sgegito# vh/ g ojieusk ge ckbgehbk ikjtroùyhj gsgjiohecgjtg h eh ikjsgiuioùj bge ihcòk pkr phrtg bg eks ieogjtgs* \hrharhsghjbk h uj phiogjtg bg \ghres4 "»Wstgb jks mh mgimk bgs# iu`rorjks k jks mgcks hbhpthbk h ustgb;" *

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Gxostgj pkiks gstuboks ikjtrkehbks sk`rg eh gaoihioh bg ehs tgrhpohs agjkcgjkeùfoihs* Pgspgitk h eh cès ojvgstofhbh% eh bg Pkfgrs% gs cès gaoihz qug ge jk trhthcogjtk y phrgig qug ehs ikjboiokjgs bg hutgjtoiobhb% gcphtãh y higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjboiokjhe skj ahi# tkrgs ocpkrthjtgs ikrrgehiokjhbks ikj ge ïxotk bg eh tgrhpoh% pgrk jk phrgig qug pkr sã sk# eks sghj suaoiogjtgs* Ge rgstk bg ehs tgrhpohs agjkcgjkeùfoihs jk mh sobk ihso ojvgstofhbk k iuhjbk ek mh sobk% ge jôcgrk bg gstuboks gs pgqugøk y eh gaoihioh gs rgehtovhcgjtg `hdh

O\IY # 02

-tgrhpoh fgsthet/ k ckbgrhbh -hjèeosos trhjshiiokjhe/* #

Eks irotgroks bg ïxotk tgrhpïutoik sg bgaojgj gj tïrcojks bg hutkrrgheozhioùj% irgio# cogjtk% hutgjtoiobhb% gti* qug skj cuy boaãioegs bg kpgrhtovozhr* Hbgcès% cuimks bg eks bhtks bg trhthcogjtk togjbgj h `hshrsg projiophecgjtg gj hutkojakrcgs bg aohòeobhb y vheobgz bgsikjkiobhs*

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Bhbh eh jhturhegzh ojtrkspgitovh bg gstks ckbgeks% su hpeoihòeobhb ieãjoih sg eocoth h hqugeehs pgrskjhs ikj jovge ojtgegituhe y skiokiueturhe suaoiogjtgs ikck phrh pkbgr eegvhr h ih`k hjèeosos ojtrkspgitovks* Yg skspgimh qug su vhekr gs cãjock k juek ikj pso# iùtoiks% joøks% rgtrhshbks cgjthegs y pgrskjhs `hdk gstrïs ojtgjsk*

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Eks frupks bg irgiocogjtk h ikrtk pehzk % `hshbks gj eks cïtkbks agjkcgjkeùfoiks y igjtrhbks gj eks sgjtocogjtks y eh gxpgrogjioh y jk gj eh rhzùj% pugbgj tgjgr gagitks jg# fhtovks mhsth gj ge =' bg eks phrtoiophjtgs * Gstk gs cès prk`hèg gj pgrskjhs qug yh grhj ojgsthègs he ojoiok% ek qug ojboih eh ocpkrthjioh bg ujh ùgjh sgegiioùj bg eks ieogjtgs*

CKBGEKY YOYRÏCOIKY Pgprgsgjthbks pkr hutkrgs ikck Vhtzehwoin% Cojuimoj% Mhegy y Ygevojo#\hehzzkeo% ehs ihrhi# tgrãstoihs bg gstks ckbgeks skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Gjahtozhj ge phpge bg eks sostgchs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* \hrh gjtgjbgr eh ikjbuith y eh gx# pgrogjioh bg uj cogc`rk bg uj sostgch -p*gd*% eh ahcoeoh/% mhy qug ikjsobgrhr ehs bge rg# stk bg sus cogc`rks* Ygfôj Agoxhs y Corù -8??9/% uj sostgch gs uj ikjdujtk bg gegcgj# tks bojècoihcgjtg gstruiturhbks% iuyh tktheobhb fgjgrh ujhs prkpogbhbgs qug% gj phrtg% skj ojbgpgjbogjtgs bg hqugeehs qug pksggj sus gegcgjtks pkr sgphrhbk * \kr thjtk% phrh

ikcprgjbgr uj sostgch% mhy qug ikjsobgrhr sus gegcgjtks% ehs prkpogbhbgs y ikcpkrth# cogjtk bg gstks% eh ojtgrhiioùj gjtrg eks coscks y ehs prkpogbhbgs bg eh tktheobhb* #

Eks sostgchs% thegs ikck ehs ahcoeohs y eks frupks% togjgj vhrohs prkpogbhbgs4 )

Yostgch hògrtk* Ge sostgch gs hògrtk gj thjtk ojtgrihcòh ojakrchioùj ikj ge cg# bok* Hbgcès% ehs jkrchs bg aujiokjhcogjtk bge sostgch skj gj phrtg ojbgpgjbogjtgs bg ehs qug rofgj ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bg ihbh cogc`rk*

)

Gstruiturh* Ojieuyg4 h/ Ge frhbk bg iehrobhb% boausoùj k rofobgz bg eks eãcotgs gjtrg eks cogc`rks bge sostgch> gstg sg ikcpkjg bg vhroks su`sostgchs -chrobk#gspksh% phbrg#modk% mgrchjks/ gjtrg eks qug gxostgj eãcotgs cès k cgjks bgaojobks qug pug# bgj sgr boausks% iehrks k rãfobks* Eks su`sostgchs aujbhcgjthegs skj ge ikjyufhe% ge phrgjthe -qug pugbg eegfhr h ojieuor h hefôj hùgek k modk ikj aujiokjgs phrgjthegs/ y ge bg mgrchjks* `/ Ge frhbk gj qug gxostg ujh dgrhrquãh -quoïj gstè h ihrfk bg quoïj y bg quï/* i/ Ge frhbk bg boagrgjiohioùj k cgbobh gj qug eks cogc`rks bge sostgch togjgj obgjtobhbgs sgphrhbhs soj bgdhr bg chjtgjgr ge sgjtobk bge sostgch ikck uj tkbk* .

Eks eãcotgs skj ehs rgfehs qug bgaojgj quogj phrtoioph ikj quoïj y gj quï topk bg sotuhiokjgs y quoïj gs gxieuobk bg gstg topk bg sotuhiokjgs* \kr gdgcpek% eks jo# øks jk bg`gj phrtoiophr gj ehs bosiusokjgs bg eks phbrgs% eks modks chykrgs togjgj iogrtks bgrgimks jgfhbks h eks cès pgqugøks% gti*

O\IY # 07

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Eh trohjfuehioùj gs uj topk bg bosaujioùj hskiohbh ikj eh gstruiturh ahcoeohr* Ikjsostg gj ojtgjthr gjchsihrhr eks ikjaeoitks gjtrg bks pgrskjhs ojvkeuirhjbk h ujh tgrigrh% bg ckbk qug ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg gsth% gspgiohecgjtg sus prkèg# chs% sg ikjvogrtgj gj ge akik bg eh ojtgrhiioùj* Hsã% ujh phrgdh ikj boaoiuethbgs chtrockjohegs pugbg igjtrhrsg gj hefôj trhstkrjk bg su modk -prkègchs gj eh gs# iugeh% brkfhboiioùj/ gj vgz bg gj sus prkègchs chrothegs*

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Eh ikheoioùj gs ktrk topk bg bosaujioùj y ikjsostg gj ujh ujoùj gjtrg bks cogc# `rks bg ujh ahcoeoh gj ikjtrh bg uj tgrigrk> pkr gdgcpek% prkfgjotkr g modk ikjtrh ge ktrk prkfgjotkr*

)

Ojtgrbgpgjbgjioh* Eks cogc`rks bg uj sostgch sg ojaeuygj cutuhcgjtg h trhvïs bg ehs phuths bg ojtgrhiioùj gxostgjtgs y% gj ikjirgtk% cgbohjtg cgihjoscks bg rgtrkh# eocgjthioùj pksotovh -ahioeothbkrh/ y jgfhtovh -ikrrgitkrh/* Yg ikjsobgrh qug gxostgj rgehiokjgs jk bg ihusheobhb eojghe% sojk bg ojaeugjioh rgiãprkih k ihusheobhb ioriuehr -eh ikjbuith bg H bgpgjbg bg eh bg @ y voigvgrsh/* \kr gdgcpek% eh ihphiobhb bg ojo# iohtovh bg @ ahvkrgig eh phsovobhb bg H y gsth phsovobhb rgaugrzh eh tkch bg ojoiohto# vhs pkr phrtg bg @*

)

Pgfuehioùj* Eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj qug gxostgj gj eks sostgchs togjbgj h sgr cuy gsthègs y prgbgioègs* Hbgcès% sg bh ujh tgjbgjioh he gquoeo`rok* Eks sostgchs togjgj ujks cgihjoscks qug rgfuehj y chjtogjgj eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj% bg ckbk qug sg chxocozhj ehs pksoòeobhbgs bg qug ge sostgch sg chjtgjfh* Iuhequogr ihcòk pgrioòbk qug hcgjhig he sostgch ojtgjthrè sgr jgutrheozhbk% yh sgh hi# tuhjbk sk`rg eh pgrskjh bgsvohbh phrh qug sg hbhptg bg jugvk yh sgh rgegfèjbkeh k gxpuesèjbkeh yh sgh cgbohjtg ihcòks ikcpgjshtkroks pkr phrtg bg ktrk u ktrks cogc`rks bge sostgch* Yupkjfhcks qug ujh cudgr irotoih he chrobk pkr su pkih ikcujoihioùj hjtg ek iuhe eh rgspugsth jkrche bg gstg gs rgtrhgrsg hôj cès* Yo gj hefujh kihsoùj ïe gxpekth boiogjbk qug jk quogrg mhèhr pkrqug eg prgkiuphj ikshs bg su trh`hdk% eh cudgr qug supugsthcgjtg qugrãh gstocuehr eh ikcujoihioùj pugbg ikjtgsthreg qug sùek pogjsh gj su trh`hdk* Gstg ikcgjthrok pkbrãh tgjgr eh aujioùj bg rgsthègigr ge gquoeo`rok4 chjtgjocogjtk bg eh bosthjioh y jovge `hdk bg ojtocobhb gj eh rgehioùj* -Iehrk% qug eh cudgr thcòïj pkbrãh qugrgr mhèhr bg ktrhs ikshs qug jk augrhj ge trh`hdk*/

)

Hbhpthioùj k ihcòk* Yg rgaogrg he frhbk gj qug ge sostgch pugbg ihcòhr y bgs# hrrkeehr uj jugvk gquoeo`rok gj rgspugsth h irosos k rgtks h su gsthòeobhb4 jhiocogjtk bg uj joøk% h`hjbkjk bge mkfhr pkr phrtg bg uj modk% cugrtg bge iùjyufg% gjtrhbh gj eh hbkegsigjioh% pïrbobh bge trh`hdk% bovkriok% gc`hrhzk bg eh modh hbkegsigjtg% gti*

)

Ikcujoihioùj* Eks cogc`rks bg uj sostgch sg ikcujoihj gjtrg sã y sg mhj bostoj# fuobk vhroks projiopoks `èsoiks bg topk ikcujoihiokjhe4 .

Gs ocpksoèg jk ikcujoihr* Gj uj ikjtgxtk bg ojtgrhiioùj skiohe iuhequogr ikjbuith -ojieuobk ge soegjiok/ ikcujoih hefk* Gj ehs sotuhiokjgs gj ehs qug ujk jk quogrg ikcujoihrsg pugbgj hphrgigr tïijoihs bg bgsiheoaoihioùj k rgiursks phrh ikcujoihr soj ikcujoihr -ikjtrhbgiorsg% ihcòhr ikjtojuhcgjtg bg tgch% pgrbgrsg gj iugstokjgs thjfgjiohegs% mhèhr bg uj ckbk ksiurk% fgjgrhr chegj# tgjbobks% jk hih`hr ehs arhsgs/ y sãjtkchs ikck ikcprkcosk -aojfor k hutkikj# vgjigrsg bg bgaoiogjiohs qug ocpksoòeothj eh ikcujoihioùj4 sugøk% skrbgrh k bgsikjkiocogjtk bge obokch gj ujh ikjvgrshioùj jkrche/*

O\IY # 01

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Gj tkbh ikcujoihioùj pugbgj bostojfuorsg hspgitks bg ikjtgjobk % fgjgrhecgjtg gxprgshbks pkr cgboks vgr`hegs% y hspgitks rgehiokjhegs% eks iuhegs vogjgj bgao# jobks jkrchecgjtg pkr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk jk vgr`he -tkjk bg vkz% fgstks% gti*/> soj gc`hrfk% eh rgehioùj pugbg vgjor thcòïj bgaojobh pkr ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eh sotuhioùj y pkr iogrtks ikjtgjobks vgr`hegs -p*gd*% bgior qug sg vh h ikjthr uj imostg phrh ojboihr qug ge cgjshdg jk vh gj sgrok/* Eks hspgitks rgehiokjhegs iheo# aoihj eh ojakrchioùj gxprgshbh gj ge ikjtgjobk bge cgjshdg*

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Eh ojikjfrugjioh gjtrg eks bks jovgegs bg ikcujoihioùj -bg ikjtgjobk y rgeh# iokjhe/ bh eufhr h cgjshdgs phrhbùdoiks* \kr gdgcpek% bgioreg h hefuogj bg uj ckbk arãk qug sg eg quogrg*

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Eh jhturhegzh bg ujh rgehioùj bgpgjbg bg eh pujtuhioùj bg ujh sgrog bg gvgjtks rgpgtotovks -quoïj mhig quï% h quoïj% gj rgspugsth h quï/* Yg bgjkco# jh pujtuhioùj h eh akrch bg krfhjozhr eks mgimks phrh qug akrcgj ujh sgiugj# ioh krbgjhbh* Eh aheth bg hiugrbk rgspgitk h eh akrch bg pujtuhr eks mgimks gs ujh ihush argiugjtg bg ikjaeoitks* \kr gdgcpek% uj chrobk pugbg haorchr qug su rgtrhocogjtk gs bgòbk h eks ikjtojuks hthqugs bg su cudgr% cogjtrhs qug gsth gx# peoih sus irãtoihs gj aujioùj bg eh phsovobhb bg chrobk -gs pksoèg hquã qug mhyh ujh ihusheobhb ioriuehr/* K ògj% uj hbkegsigjtg boig jk gstubohr `himoeegrhtk pkrqug sus phbrgs eg kèofhj% cogjtrhs qug gstks pogjshj qug gs uj vhfk*

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Ehs rgehiokjgs pugbgj sgr socïtroihs k ikcpegcgjthrohs* Ehs procgrhs sg `hshj gj eh ofuhebhb gj eh ikjbuith bg ojtgrhiioùj> iuhequogrh bg eks phrtoiophj# tgs pugbg% pkr gdgcpek% bhr uj ikjsgdk k akrcuehr ujh irãtoih* Ehs sgfujbhs skj hqugeehs gj ehs qug mhy ujh frhj boagrgjioh gj eh ikjbuith rgiãprkih bgòbk h qug uj cogc`rk gstè gj ujh pksoioùj supgrokr rgspgitk he ktrk> pkr gdgcpek% ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg prkagskr#heucjk y phbrgs#modks pgqugøks* Cuimks ikjaeoitks rgehiokjhegs gstèj `hshbks gj qug uj phrtoiophjtg jk higpth ge topk bg rgeh# ioùj qug quogrg ge ktrk*

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\htrkjgs jgfhtovks bg ikcujoihioùj skj4 h/ iuephr y irotoihr soj vgr eh prkpoh rgspkjshòeobhb y+k soj cktovhioùj phrh ihcòhr ehs ikshs> `/ ―hbovojhr– eks pgj# shcogjtks bg eks ktrks y hituhr gj ikjsgiugjioh soj prgfujthregs ek qug pogjshj y sogjtgj> i/ mhigr haorchiokjgs ojikcpegths -p*gd*% "gstky gjahbhbk"/ soj gspgioao# ihr pkr quï> b/ tkchr eks gvgjtks ckboaoihègs ikck so jk ek augrhj -"jk pugbk ekfrhr qug cos modks cg rgspgtgj"/> g/ sk`rgfgjgrheozhr -" jujih pugbk ikjsgfuor hefk qug vhefh eh pgjh"/*

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Eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks surfgj4 h/ iuhjbk hbhpthrsg he sostgch rgquogrg pgjshr% sgjtor y+k hituhr bg ujh chjgrh qug rgsueth pgrduboiohe phrh ujh pgrskjh% y `/ iuhjbk ujh pgrskjh ojtgjth ihcòhr sus aujiokjgs k phuths bg ojtgrhiioùj bgjtrk bge sostgch soj tgjgr pkbgr k ihphiobhb suaoiogjtg phrh vgjigr k skrtghr ehs rgsostgjiohs bge sostgch*

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Ge cogc`rk bg eh ahcoeoh qug sgfôj gsth gs ge qug prgsgjth ge prkègch -phiogjtg obgjto# aoihbk/ gs ikjsobgrhbk ikck ujh gxprgsoùj bg eh bosaujioùj bge sostgch ahcoeohr -hujqug ge prkègch iucpeg ujh aujioùj bgjtrk bg eh eùfoih ojtgrjh bge sostgch/* Gj ikj# sgiugjioh% eh rgskeuioùj bge prkègch ocpeoih ihcòks gj ge sostgch y jk socpegcgj# tg ujh ckboaoihioùj borgith bg ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs*

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Eh tgrhpoh gjahtozh ge prgsgjtg y sugeg sgr `rgvg* \kr ek fgjgrhe% jk phsh bg 0< sgsokjgs rgphrtobhs h ek ehrfk bg uj cèxock bg 0 høks*

O\IY # 06

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Yg rgikjkig eh ocpkrthjioh bg eh ikrboheobhb y gcphtãh pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth% ujobhs% pkr ek fgjgrhe% h uj gstoek borgitovk pkr phrtg bg gstg*

Pkbrãfugz y @gyg`him -8??2/ mhj sgøhehbk qug gj ehs ikjigpiokjgs sostïcoihs trhboiokjhegs sg ikjsobgrh h eh ahcoeoh ikck ge sostgch y h ehs pgrskjhs ikck gegcgjtks bge cosck* Yoj gc`hr# fk% thcòïj pugbg ikjsobgrhrsg qug ieogjtg y tgrhpguth akrchj uj sostgch k qug ehs ikjbuiths bg ujh skeh pgrskjh k ojieusk eks sofjoaoihbks qug htroùyg h hikjtgiocogjtks ikjirgtks pug# bgj ikjsobgrhrsg sostgchs gj sã coscks* Hsã% eh bgprgsoùj pugbg vgrsg ikck ge rgsuethbk bg ujh ojtgrhiioùj gj uj sostgch ojtgrpgrskjhe -eh bgprgsoùj bg ujh pgrskjh sg chjtogjg pkrqug sus ahco# eohrgs eg rgsugevgj tkbks sus prkègchs y eg mhigj sgjtorsg uj ojôtoe/ k ikck uj sostgch bg ikj# buiths qug sg hutkpgrpgtôhj -eh pgrskjh qug sg sogjtg bgprocobh jk sg rgehiokjh ikj ktrks y eh boscojuioùj bg gstg ikjthitk skiohe eg mhig sgjtorsg cès trostg/* Gj hc`ks ihsks sg bh eh ihrhitg# rãstoih aujbhcgjthe bg eks sostgchs4 gjtgjbgr eks suigsks ikck krfhjozhbks gj prkigsks bg rgtrkh# eocgjthioùj rgiursovh* Gs ocpkrthjtg tgjgr gj iugjth qug hujqug gstks gjakqugs sg mhj gspgioheozhbk gj ge trhth# cogjtk bg ahcoeohs y phrgdhs% gxostgj thcòïj ktrks ckbks bg h`krbhr gstks prkègchs - bo# jècoiks% ikjbuituhegs y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs/ qug pugbgj sgr ojtgfrhbks k jk ikj eh pgrspgito# vh sostïcoih* \ugbgj bostojfuorsg vhrohs gsiugehs sostïcoihs4 eh gsiugeh ojtgrhiiokjhe bge CPO -Cgjthe Pgsghrim Ojstotutg% rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Vhtzehwoin% Vghnehjb% Aosim/% eh gsiugeh gs# truiturhe+gstrhtïfoih -rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Cojuimoj% Mhegy% Hpkjtg% Aosmchj% Ckj# thevk/% eh gsiugeh bg Coeèj - rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Ygevojo#\hehzzkeo% @ksikek% Igiimoj y \rhth/ y ge gjakqug giksostïcoik -Bg Ymhzgr/* Ehs ojaeugjiohs rgiãprkihs gjtrg gsths gsiugehs mhj sobk cuy argiugjtgs*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks sostïcoiks \ksotovk #

Ïjahsos gj eks ahitkrgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs y skiohegs* Ehs vhrohègs aosokeùfoihs% psoikeùfo# ihs ojtgrjhs y bg hprgjbozhdg trhthj bg tgjgrsg gj iugjth% pgrk bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh bge sostgch ojtgrpgrskjhe y skiohe gj ge qug sg gjiugjtrh eh pgrskjh*

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Jugvhs pgrspgitovhs gj ge trhthcogjtk bg phrgdhs y ahcoeohs* Eks gjakqugs sostïcoiks sg mh hpeoihbk h prkègchs gj eh hbkegsigjioh -bgeojiugjioh% gsquozkargjoh ojiopogjtg% brkfhboiioùj/% trhstkrjks ojahjtoegs gj fgjgrhe y prkègchs psoikskcètoiks -boh`gtgs% hs# ch% hjkrgxoh/*

Jgfhtovk #

Eh psoiktgrhpoh sostïcoih jk sg bgrovh cès qug ojborgithcgjtg% gj ge cgdkr bg eks ihsks% bg eh ojvgstofhioùj `èsoih*

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Eh hituhioùj sk`rg eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj jk gs suaoiogjtg gj cuimks ihsks* Eh oc# pkrthjioh bg eks ahitkrgs ojbovobuhegs jk pugbg sgr sksehyhbh*

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Yg gjahtozh cuimhs vgigs ge phpge bge sostgch ahcoeohr y sg kevobhj ktrks sostgchs qug pugbgj sgr thjtk k cès ocpkrthjtgs% thegs ikck ge frupk eh`krhe% ge frupk bg hbkegsigj#

O\IY # 0=

tgs% ujh sgith% gti* #

Hujqug gstuboks jk gxpgrocgjthegs sufogrgj eh gaoihioh bg ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs sostïcoihs% gxostgj pkihs ojvgstofhiokjgs ikjtrkehbhs*

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Yg mh boimk qug ge gstoek sostïcoik bg tgrhpoh gs chjopuehbkr k bosthjtg * Wjh pgrspgi# tovh hetgrjhtovh gj ge procgr ihsk gs qug ge tgrhpguth bg`g sgr borgitovk phrh ikjsgfuor ge ihcòk y hbgcès bospkjg bg pkik togcpk hjtgs bg qugbhr prosokjgrk bge sostgch* Gj ge sgfujbk ihsk% ek qug suigbg h vgigs socpegcgjtg gs qug eks tgrhpguths jk bgsghj ocpeo# ihrsg gj eh ahcoeoh phrh jk pgrbgr eh k`dgtovobhb y eh ihphiobhb bg prkbuior ihcòk*

CKBGEKY IKJBWIRWHEGY _ IKFJOROQK#IKJBWIRWHEGY Pgprgsgjthbks pkr hutkrgs ikck Ynojjgr% Nhzboj% Vkepg% Chrns% Gysgjin% Phimchj% @gin% Geeos% Cgoimgj`huc% @hjburh% Iehrn y Yhenkvsnos% ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eks ckbgeks skj ehs so# fuogjtgs4

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Yg supkjg qug eh chykr phrtg bg ehs ikjbuiths ikjsobgrhbhs ojhbgiuhbhs sg hbquog# rgj% chjtogjgj y ihcòhj sgfôj eks coscks projiopoks qug rgfuehj ehs ikjbuiths ikjsobgrhbhs hbgiuhbhs * Rhjtk ujhs ikck ktrhs skj projiophecgjtg% hujqug jk gxieuso# vhcgjtg% ujh ikjsgiugjioh bg eh mostkroh bg hprgjbozhdg* -Ge hprgjbozhdg sg ikjio`g gj uj sgjtobk hcpeok g ojieuyg ge ikjboiokjhcogjtk ieèsoik y kpgrhjtg% ge ckbgehbk% eh trhjscosoùj bg ojakrchioùj y eks prkigsks ikfjotovks ocpeoihbks*/ )

Jk tkbhs ehs ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs rgsuethj `èsoihcgjtg bg uj hprgjbozhdg* Yg togjbg h ikjsobgrhr qug eks trhstkrjks psoiùtoiks% ge hutosck% ge trhstkrjk chjãhik# bgprgsovk y ge rgtrhsk cgjthe togjgj ocpkrthjtgs bgtgrcojhjtgs krfèjoiks% hujqug eks ahitkrgs hcògjthegs thcòïj ojaeuygj* Gsths hetgrhiokjgs jk pugbgj sgr ―iurhbhs– pkr eh tgrhpoh ikjbuituhe k ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe -RII h phrtor bg hmkrh phrh bgjk# cojhr h hc`hs tgrhpohs/% pgrk gsth pugbg hyubhr bgjtrk bg ujks eãcotgs h ehs pgrskjhs hagithbhs*

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Hujqug sg bh uj cgjkr prkthfkjosck h eks ahitkrgs fgjïtoiks y krfèjoiks % jk sg eks ofjkrh gj h`skeutk* Yu ojaeugjioh gs vosth ògj ikck ujh eocothioùj gstruiturhe sk`rg eh iuhe kpgrhj eks ahitkrgs bg hprgjbozhdg gj eh bgtgrcojhioùj bg eh ikjbuith ògj ikck ujh prgbospksoioùj h iogrths akrchs bg rghiiokjhr qug ojtgrhitôh ikj ehs gxpgrogjiohs bg hprgjbozhdg*

Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh chykr phrtg bg ehs ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs -y ehs hbgiuhbhs thcòïj/ pugbgj sgr ckboaoihbhs h trhvïs bg eh hpeoihioùj bg projiopoks psoikeùfo# iks% gspgiohecgjtg eks bge hprgjbozhdg* Gstk jk quogrg bgior qug gj tkbks eks ihsks pug# bhj sgr ckboaoihbhs gj eh gxtgjsoùj bgsghbh% he cgjks ikj ehs tïijoihs bg qug hituhecgj# tg sg bospkjg gj RII* )

Gj hefujks phiogjtgs ikj bgtgrcojhbks trhstkrjks -p*gd*% hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj ujopk# ehr jk psoiùtoih% bgpgjbgjioh bg susthjiohs/ pugbg sgr ikjvgjogjtg eh ikcòjhioùj bg eh RII ikj eh tgrhpoh ahrchikeùfoih* Gj ktrks trhstkrjks -p*gd*% gsquozkargjoh irùjoih% trhstkrjk òpkehr% trhstkrjk bg bïaoiot bg htgjioùj ikj mopgrhitovobhb/% ge trh# thcogjtk ikcòjhbk gs iehrhcgjtg ge cès gaoihz y soj eh cgboihioùj% eks gagitks bg eh RII sgrãhj jueks k egvgs*

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Aojhecgjtg% gxostgj hetgrhiokjgs -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj psoiùtoih/ phrh ehs qug jk gxostg

O\IY # 0?

bkiucgjthioùj sk`rg eh utoeobhb bg eh RII y phrh eks qug eh ahrchiktgrhpoh phrgig sgr ge trhthcogjtk h gegfor% he cgjks ikck ojtgrvgjioùj projiophe*

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Ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs y eks prkigbocogjtks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj skj gcpãroihcgjtg gvheuhbks% gs bgior% sg vhekrh su hbgiuhioùj k gaoihioh utoeozhjbk ujh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtãaoih -bg topk gxpgrocgjthe iuhjbk gs pksoèg/* )

\kr ek qug sg rgaogrg he trhthcogjtk% eh chykr phrtg bg eks prkigbocogjtks utoeozhbks gj RII togjgj ujh `hsg gcpãroih rgehtovhcgjtg sùeobh% hujqug ehs prug`hs phrh ktrks -p*gd*% bgtgjioùj bge pgjshcogjtk% hefujhs tïijoihs bg ikjboiokjhcogjtk gjiuògrtk/ skj tkbhvãh bïòegs% sogcprg% iehrk gstè% gj rgagrgjioh h prkègchs bgtgrcojhbks y h ktrks hspgitks ikck ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eks ieogjtgs* Jk pugbg mhèhrsg bg eh gaoih# ioh bg uj prkigbocogjtk gj fgjgrhe*

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Eh prkpoh prèitoih ieãjoih prkpkriokjh obghs phrh rgaojhr y cgdkrhr eks prkigbocogj# tks gcpãroihcgjtg gvheuhbks> gsths obghs skj thcòïj skcgtobhs h prug`h* \kr ktrh phrtg% burhjtg eh prèitoih ieãjoih bg`gj tkchrsg bgiosokjgs ikj rgehioùj h hspgitks qug jk mhj sobk ojvgstofhbks k jk ek mhj sobk suaoiogjtgcgjtg> gj gstks ihsks% ujk bg`g `hshrsg gj su prkpoh gxpgrogjioh k gj eh bg ktrks*

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Hujqug eh RII sg ihrhitgrozh pkr ge gcpegk bg ujh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtãaoih gj ge gs# tubok y ihcòk bg eh ikjbuith muchjh% `hsthjtgs ojvgstofhiokjgs prgsgjthj bgao# iogjiohs cgtkbkeùfoihs ocpkrthjtgs> pkr gdgcpek% bosgøks ojhbgiuhbks% ikjausoùj gjtrg tgrhpguths y trhthcogjtks% ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcphrhbhs jk ofuhecgjtg irgãègs% gvheuhbkrgs y+k tgrhpguths jk iogfks h ehs mopùtgsos bg ojvgstofhioùj% aheth bg ikjtrke bg eh ojtgfrobhb bg ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs y hjèeosos gsthbãstoiks ojhprkpohbks*

Eh gvheuhioùj gj RII -gvheuhioùj ikjbuituhe/ vh borofobh h gspgioaoihr iehrhcgjtg ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs -pkr gxigsk k pkr bgagitk/ bge ieogjtg y ehs vhrohègs -hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjiohs pgrskjhegs y hcògjthegs% ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjhegs gsthègs/ qug ehs rgfuehj * )

\kr ikjbuith sg gjtogjbg iuhequogr hitovobhb cktkrh% ikfjotovh% hutùjkch k gck# iokjhe qug sgh gspgioaoihèg y cgjsurhèg -jk togjg pkr quï sgr pôèoihcgjtg k`sgr# vhèg/* Yoj gc`hrfk% gxostgj gj gstg pujtk bovgrfgjiohs gjtrg eks tgrhpguths bg ikj# buith* Wjks pogjshj qug ehs ikfjoiokjgs dugfhj uj phpge ocpkrthjtg yh sgh ikck prkègchs -k`sgsokjgs% hutkirãtoih pgrsostgjtg/ k ikck ahitkrgs gxpeoihtovks bg ikj# buiths prkègcètoihs* Gj ihcòk% eks qug trh`hdhj bgjtrk bge gjakqug bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk sg ikjigjtrhj jkrchecgjtg gj eh ikjbuith chjoaogsth y gj eks bgtgrcojhjtgs hcògjthegs% gj vgz bg gj eks agjùcgjks ojtgrjks*

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Rhcòïj sg gxpekrhj eks rgiursks% ikcpgtgjiohs y eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg y sg k`# togjg ojakrchioùj bg bovgrshs èrghs bg su vobh phshbh y prgsgjtg -ahcoeohr% skiohe% eh`krhe% sgxuhe% phrgdh% sheub% hcògjtg aãsoik% gti*/* Jk sg ojtgjth hsofjhr ihtgfkrãhs bohfjùstoihs h ehs pgrskjhs -hujqug pugbg mhigrsg so sg bgsgh/% sojk sh`gr ek qug mhigj% sogjtgj y pogjshj gj sotuhiokjgs gspgiãaoihs y gsthègigr ehs kpkrtujhs rgeh# iokjgs aujiokjhegs gjtrg ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs y ehs vhrohègs qug ehs rgfuehj*

Gj gvheuhioùj ikjbuituhe sg gjahtozhj eks bgtgrcojhjtgs hituhegs bg ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs% hujqug jk sg phshj pkr hetk eks bgtgrcojhjtgs mostùroiks * Yg ikjsobg# rh qug eh ojakrchioùj sk`rg ge phshbk bg ujh pgrskjh -ek iuhe jk quogrg bgior ujh gxpek# rhioùj bgtheehbh bg su ojahjioh/ pugbg pgrcotor ujh cgdkr ikcprgjsoùj bg sus prkègchs hituhegs y pugbg kargigr ojboioks sk`rg eks ahitkrgs vofgjtgs qug gstèj ikjtrkehjbk eh

O\IY # 9<

ikjbuith* )

Yoj gc`hrfk% thcòïj sg togjg gj iugjth qug ehs ikjboiokjgs qug chjtogjgj eh ikj# buith hituhe pugbgj sgr `hsthjtg boagrgjtgs bg hqugeehs qug bogrkj eufhr he sur# focogjtk bg eh ikjbuith* \kr gdgcpek% eks hthqugs bg pèjoik pugbgj surfor ahioeoth# bks pkr hikjtgiocogjtks gstrgshjtgs y eugfk chjtgjgrsg pkr ge cogbk h qug sg rgpo# thj* \kr ktrh phrtg% ge phshbk jk pugbg sgr rgikjstruobk ikj eh k`dgtovobhb jgigshroh y jk pugbg mhigrsg jhbh sk`rg eks bgtgrcojhjtgs phshbks bg ujh ikjbuith> sùek sg pugbg hituhr sk`rg eks bgtgrcojhjtgs hituhegs*

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Ikcprgjbgr eh gtokekfãh bg uj prkègch psoikeùfoik pugbg sgr ôtoe% pgrk jk gs gsgjiohe phrh prkbuior uj ihcòk ikjbuituhe -hujqug sã bg ihrh h eh prgvgjioùj/* H eh ojvgrsh% ge ïxotk gj ihcòhr ujh ikjbuith prkègcètoih jk cugstrh qug eh gxpeo# ihioùj higrih bg su fïjgsos sgh ikrrgith*

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Gj aujioùj bg eh gvheuhioùj rgheozhbh% sg geh`krh uj prkfrhch bg ojtgrvgjioùj qug tgjfh gj iugjth ge prkègch k prkègchs gspgiãaoiks prgsgjthbks% ehs vhrohègs qug eks ikjtrkehj y ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg ihbh ieogjtg -gbhb% jovge iueturhe% cktovhioùj% gxpgithtovhs/ y bg su cgbok * Gxostgj cuimhs tïijoihs bg RII qug pugbgj ikcòjhrsg y vhrohrsg bg côetopegs akrchs phrh bgshrrkeehr bostojtks prkfrhchs bg ojtgrvgjioùj* \kr thjtk% jk gxostgj% gj projiopok% ojtgrvgjiokjgs gstèjbhr phrh prkègchs gstèjbhr* Yoj gc# `hrfk% gj ehs ojvgstofhiokjgs sg utoeozhj ikj argiugjioh bosgøks gjtrg#frupks ikj ojtgr# vgjiokjgs prgaodhbhs y jk ojbovobuheozhbhs* Rhcpkik gs rhrk qug gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih cuimhs bgiosokjgs bg ojtgrvgjioùj sg `hsgj gj ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks bge prkègch gj vgz bg gj hjèeosos aujiokjhegs obokfrèaoiks -Mhyjgs y K&@rogj% 8??
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Eh gvheuhioùj gs uj prkigsk ikjtojuk qug prksofug h ek ehrfk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj y gj ge qug sg hjheozhj eks rgsuethbks phriohegs qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk y eh jugvh ojakr# chioùj qug pugbh or prkpkriokjhjbk ge ieogjtg -ojieuyïjbksg hquã eks jugvks prk# ègchs qug pugbh ikcujoihr/ *

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Bg gstg hjèeosos bgpgjbgrè qug4 h/ Yg hbkptgj hiiokjgs ikrrgitkrhs iuhjbk eh ojtgr# vgjioùj jk sg rgheozh the ikck gsth`h pehjghbk* `/ Yg ckboaoqug eh ojtgrvgjioùj ihsk bg qug jk sg ikjsobgrg hbgiuhbh* i/ Yg rgikjsobgrgj k jk eks k`dgtovks h ekfrhr y eh gvheuhioùj ojoiohe bg eks prkègchs bge ieogjtg*

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Eh gvheuhioùj jk tgrcojh ikj ge igsg bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj% sojk qug sg rgheozh thcòïj bgspuïs bg phshr uj+ks iogrtk+s pgrokbk+s bg togcpk trhs eh aojheozhioùj bg gsth -sg# fuocogjtk/ phrh ikcprk`hr so sg chjtogjgj eks ekfrks heihjzhbks* Ge mgimk bg qug eh gvheuhioùj bge prkfrgsk tgjfh eufhr bg akrch ikjtojuh h ek ehrfk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj mh eegvhbk gj kihsokjgs h qug jk sg rgheoig ujh gvheuhioùj aojhe cès gxmhustovh bge prkègch* Yoj gc`hrfk% gstk gs cuy rgikcgjbhèg* \kr ktrh phrtg% gj eh prèitoih ieã# joih sg mhigj sgfuocogjtks ikj pkih rgfuehrobhb bgòbk h iugstokjgs bg togcpk pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth*

Ehs tïijoihs bg RII sg bgrovhj bg eks projiopoks tgùroiks y mheehzfks gcpãroiks bg eh psoikekfãh iogjtãaoih k% he cgjks% skj ikjfrugjtgs ikj geeks * )

Gstg ôetock chtoz gs cuy ocpkrthjtg pkr bks rhzkjgs4 h/ cuimhs tïijoihs togjgj prg# iurskrgs mostùroiks rgcktks y rgiogjtgs% hujqug% gsk sã% pkr ek fgjgrhe% cgjks sostg# chtozhbks y pgragiiokjhbks> `/ cuimhs tïijoihs bg`gj cès h eh gxpgrogjioh ieãjoih qug h eks ckbgeks tgùroiks y mheehzfks gxpgrocgjthegs bg eh psoikekfãh*

O\IY # 98

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Ge tgrhpguth bg ikjbuith gcpegh ge ikjkiocogjtk iogjtãaoik pgrtojgjtg ikcòjhbk ikj sus gxpgrogjiohs pgrskjhegs y ikj ojakrchioùj qug jk mh sobk bgrovhbh bg eh psoikekfãh iogjtãaoih* H gstg rgspgitk% eh prèitoih ieãjoih y eh vobh iktobohjh gjsgøhj akrchs bg skeuiokjhr prkègchs h vgigs cuimk cès ojfgjokshs qug ehs geh`krhbhs gj igjtrks bg ojvgstofhioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% gsths akrchs bg`grèj skcgtgrsg h prug`h*

Eh ojtgrvgjioùj sg borofg h prgvgjor% geocojhr k rgbuior ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs y h gjsgøhr k pktgjiohr ikjbuiths hbgiuhbhs tgjogjbk gj iugjth ehs vhrohègs qug ikj# trkehj gsths ikjbuiths* )

Cuimks hutkrgs mhj høhbobk hbgcès qug eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk sg igjtrh gj -supugsths/ ihushs su`yhigjtgs* Hmkrh ògj% bgpgjbg bg ek qug sg gjtogjbh pkr "ihushs su`yh# igjtgs"* Yo pkr gsths sg gjtogjbg ocpuesks rgprocobks% ikjaeoitks ojikjsiogjtgs y ktrhs vhrohègs ojagrobhs ikj gsihsk k juek hjiehdg gcpãroik% gjtkjigs eh RII jk h`krbh ehs ihushs su`yhigjtgs* Hmkrh ògj% so pkr ihushs su`yhigjtgs sg gjtogjbg ehs vhroh# ègs hituhegs qug rgfuehj eh ikjbuith% sghj gsths vhrohègs hcògjthegs k pgrskjhegs -h ikjboioùj gj gstg ihsk bg qug gstïj hjiehbhs gj vhrohègs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsg# iugjtgs k`dgtovhcgjtg k`sgrvhègs/% gjtkjigs eh RII sã qug togjg gj iugjth ehs ihu# shs su`yhigjtgs* -Yoj gc`hrfk% eks sgfuobkrgs bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk togj# bgj h gvothr eks agjùcgjks ojtgrjks% ikfjotovks k òkeùfoiks*/

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Hsã pugs% eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk sg igjtrh ôjoihcgjtg gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs% sojk thcòïj gj eks ahitkrgs hituhegs qug rgfuehj gsths ikjbuiths* Wjh ojtgrvgjioùj qug jk hetgrg ehs projiophegs vhrohègs ikjtrkehbkrhs bg ujh ikjbuith sgrè prk# `hègcgjtg ojgaoihz* \kr gdgcpek% so ujh pgrskjh `g`g gxigsovhcgjtg phrh ikjtrkehr su hjsogbhb skiohe y socpegcgjtg geocojhcks eh ikjbuith bg `g`gr cgbohjtg tgrhpoh hvgrsovh% gs cuy prk`hèg qug rghphrgzih eh ikjbuith prkègch k qug eh pgrskjh hiubh h ktrhs brkfhs k qug eocotg sus ikjthitks skiohegs* Ofuhecgjtg% uj ojskcjok pugbg gsthr gj aujioùj bg uj cogbk h eh ksiurobhb y+k h eks ehbrkjgs> fgjgrhecgjtg% pkik sg ikjsgfuorè trhthjbk borgithcgjtg ge ojskcjok cgbohjtg rgehdhioùj so jk sg geocojhj eks cogbks cgbohjtg ktrks cïtkbks*

Ehs cgths bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj y gsth cosch sg hiugrbhj cutuhcgjtg gjtrg tgrhpguth y ieogjtg -y+k eks tutkrgs k rgspkjshègs bg gstg/ * )

Hujqug% gj fgjgrhe% eks k`dgtovks bg`gj sgr hikrbhbks ikj ge ieogjtg% ikjvogjg mhigr hefujhs chtozhiokjgs* K`dgtovks cuy htgckrozhjtgs jk togjgj pkr quï sgr cgjiok# jhbks bg gjtrhbh y ktrks k`dgtovks jk togjgj pkr quï sgr kpgrhiokjheozhbks ikj ge ph# iogjtg* \kr gdgcpek% pkbgcks ikcphrtor ikj ge ieogjtg ge k`dgtovk bg gegvhr ge gsthbk bg èjock% pgrk jk qug gstk sg bgtgrcojhrè shihjbk cgjks bg ujh pujtuhioùj ] gj uj iogrtk iugstokjhrok*

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Ehs cgths jk ikjsostgj gj gjujiohbks vhfks y fgjgrhegs% sojk qug skj iehrhcgjtg bgaojobhs y gspgioaoihbhs* Gj ge ihsk bg ujh bgprgsoùj% pksoègs cgths sgrãhj ojirg# cgjthr ehs rgehiokjgs skiohegs y hitovobhbgs pehigjtgrhs y rgbuior sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg eks eekrks y eh pujtuhioùj gj uj tgst bg bgprgsoùj* Gxostgj ujhs cgths u k`dgtovks ao# jhegs phrh heihjzhr ehs iuhegs sg prkigbg h trhvïs bg ujh sgrog bg su`k`dgtovks thc# òïj iehrhcgjtg gspgioaoihbks*

\kr ek fgjgrhe% eh ojtgrvgjioùj sg eegvh h ih`k% hjtgs k bgspuïs% gj ge hcògjtg jhtu# rhe gj ge qug kiurrgj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs k jk kiurrgj ehs ikjbuiths bg oj# tgrïs* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg hpeoihrsg gj ge hcògjtg jhturhe yh bgsbg ge projiopok> pkr gdgcpek% ge tgrhpguth sg bgspehzh he cgbok bge ieogjtg% sg utoeozhj phrhprkagsokjhegs -ph#

O\IY # 90

brgs% chgstrks% ahcoeohrgs% hcofks% ikcphøgrks% phrgdh% hsostgjtgs gj ojstotuiokjgs/ y+k sg gcpeghj tïijoihs bg hutkborgiioùj* \kr ktrk ehbk% eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj ge cgbok jhturhe pugbg or prgigbobh pkr k sgr socuethjghbh ikj ujh ojtgrvgjioùj gj hcògjtgs cès rgs# trojfobks -ikjsueth% mkspothe% ojstotuioùj/*

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Eks gagitks bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj skj gvheuhbks h trhvïs bg côetopegs ckbheobhbgs bg rgspugsth cgjsurhèg -cktkrh% ikfjotovh% hutùjkch% gckiokjhe/ ’ikj phrtoiuehr ïjahsos gj eh ikjbuith chjoaogsth -h jk sgr qug ktrk topk bg ikjbuith sgh ge akik bg ojtgrïs/’ y bg côetopegs cïtkbks y augjtgs bg ojakrchioùj -gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks% hutkrrgfostrks% k`sgrvhbkrgs% pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% rgfostrks cgièjoiks/* Yg gjahtozh eh sofjoaoihioùj ieã# joih bge ihcòk y eh fgjgrheozhioùj y chjtgjocogjtk bg gstg* Eks rgsuethbks bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj skj gvheuhbks gj tïrcojks bge ihcòk ojoiohe ikj# sgfuobk% bg su fgjgrheozhioùj h ehs sotuhiokjgs pgrtojgjtgs bg eh vobh rghe y bg su chjtg# jocogjtk h ek ehrfk bge togcpk* -Ge trhthcogjtk ojieuyg ehs gstrhtgfohs kpkrtujhs phrh ah# vkrgigr gsth fgjgrheozhioùj y chjtgjocogjtk*/ Hbgcès% sg ùsih gvheuhr so eks ihcòks ikjsgfuobks ikj eh ojtgrvgjioùj skj ieãjoih k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovks* Gs bgior% jk `hsth ikj ikjsgfuor ihcòks gj ehs ikjbuiths prkègcètoihs% sojk qug gstks ihcòks bg# `gj sgr bg the chfjotub qug supkjfhj ujh rgskeuioùj k he cgjks ujh cgdkrh susthjiohe bg eks prkègchs phrh eks qug sg mh hpeoihbk eh ojtgrvgjioùj*

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Eh RII supkjg eh ikeh`krhioùj y phrtoiophioùj hitovh bge ieogjtg gj eks prkigsks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj * Gstk ocpeoih pkr phrtg bge ieogjtg4 )

\hrtoiophr gj eh bosiusoùj y pkstgrokr hiugrbk sk`rg eh akrch bg ikjigptuheozhr sus prkègchs% sk`rg eks k`dgtovks h heihjzhr y sk`rg eks cïtkbks bg ojtgrvgjioùj h sgfuor*

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Ikkpgrhr ikjsthjtgcgjtg gj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj ikjtojuh -poïjsgsg% p*gd*% gj eks hutkrrgfostrks/ y gj ehs hitovobhbgs bg trhthcogjtk% yh sgh burhjtg eh sgsoùj k augrh bg geeh*

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Qhrohègs ikck eh gbhb% bgshrrkeek ojtgegituhe% ekius bg ikjtrke y frhvgbhb bg eks prkègchs% gjtrg ktrhs% bgtgrcojhj qug uj ieogjtg dugfug uj phpge cès k cgjks hito# vk gj eks prkigsks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj y qug ktrhs pgrskjhs -phbrgs% chgs# trks% ktrks rgspkjshègs/ tgjfhj uj phpge cès k cgjks prkcojgjtg gj gstks prkigsks*

Yg ikjsobgrh qug ujh rgehioùj pksotovh y bg ikjaohjzh gjtrg tgrhpguth y phiogjtg gs ujh ikjboioùj ocpkrthjtg% hujqug jk suaoiogjtg% phrh eh ùgjh chrimh bg eh ojtgr# vgjioùj y phrh eh ikjsgiuioùj bge ihcòk ikjbuituhe * )

Bovgrsks gstuboks qug mhj ikcphrhbk eh akrch bg trh`hdhr bg tgrhpguths bg bostojths krogjthiokjgs jk mhj gjikjtrhbk boagrgjiohs gjtrg ge topk bg rgehioùj qug gsthègigj ikj sus ieogjtgs -Ngodsgrs% Yimhhp y Mkkbfuoj% 0<<
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Jhturhecgjtg% eh ocpkrthjioh bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg tgrhpguth y ieogjtg sg gxtogjbg thc# òïj h eh rgehioùj bge tgrhpguth ikj hqugeehs pgrskjhs ikj ehs qug ojtgrhitôh gj ge ikjtgxtk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj> pkr gdgcpek% eks rgspkjshègs bge ieogjtg iuhjbk gstg gs cgjkr bg gbhb k suarg hefôj topk bg ojihphiothioùj*

O\IY # 99

\ugbgj bostojfuorsg iuhtrk gjakqugs projiophegs bgjtrk bg eks ckbgeks ikjbuituhegs y ikf# jotovk#ikjbuituhegs4 h/ hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk -Ynojjgr/% `/ gjakqug jgkikjbuitosth cgboh# iokjhe -Vkepg/% i/ gjakqug ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe -@gin% Geeos% Cgoimgj`huc/% y b/ tgkrãh ikfjoto# vk#skiohe -@hjburh/* Gstks gjakqugs% h pgshr bg sus boagrgjiohs% jk gstèj jgigshrohcgjtg gj kpkso# ioùj ujks h ktrks y jk ikjstotuygj frupks igrrhbks > cuimks tgrhpguths bg ikjbuith jk pugbgj sgr gjiuhbrhbks bg akrch socpeg y gxieusovh gj jojfujk bg geeks* Ikjvogjg sgøhehr% pkr ktrh phrtg% qug h phrtor bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk sg mh bgshrrk# eehbk uj ckvocogjtk bgjkcojhbk ikjtgxtuheosck ’k hjèeosos ikjbuituhe ieãjoik’ qug boaogrg bge procgrk gj hefujks hspgitks* Eh boagrgjioh aujbhcgjthe gstè gj ge bgshrrkeek tgrhpïutoik% gj ge iuhe eh ikjbuith vgr`he hbquogrg uj frhj prkthfkjosck* Bgjtrk bge ikjtgxtuheosck pugbgj bostoj# fuorsg eh tgrhpoh bg higpthioùj y ikcprkcosk bg Mhygs% eh psoiktgrhpoh hjheãtoih aujiokjhe bg Nkmegj`grf y Rsho% eh tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith boheïitoih bg Eojgmhj y eh tgrhpoh ojtgfrhbkrh bg phrgdh bg Dhik`skj -Qèzqugz% 0<<2/* Gsths tgrhpohs mhj sobk bgjkcojhbhs eh tgrigrh fgjgrhioùj bg eh tgrhpoh ikjbuituhe -eh procgrh sgrãh eh tgrhpoh ikjbuitosth y eh sgfujbh eh tgrhpoh ikfjoto# vk#ikjbuituhe/% eh iuhe bh ujh ocpkrthjioh aujbhcgjthe he ikjtgxtk gj ge qug kiurrg ge ikcpkr# thcogjtk y h ehs aujiokjgs bg gstg cès qug h su akrch k tkpkfrhaãh* Hsã% pkr gdgcpek% sgrãh cès ocpkrthjtg ikjsobgrhr eh aujioùj qug togjgj ujks pgjshcogjtks gj vgz bg su ikjtgjobk*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks ikjbuituhegs y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs \ksotovk #

Ïjahsos gj ehs gxpgrogjiohs bg hprgjbozhdg*

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Ikjigpioùj kptocosth sk`rg ehs pksoòeobhbgs bg ihcòk bg ehs pgrskjhs*

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@hdk k ckbgrhbk jovge bg h`strhiioùj gj sus akrcuehiokjgs % ek qug ahioeoth su gstubok iogjtãaoik*

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Ïjahsos gj eh ikcprk`hioùj gcpãroih bg ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs% bg eh aohòeobhb y vheobgz bg eks ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj y bg eh gaoihioh bg eks trhthcogjtks hpeoihbks* Eks ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe skj eks qug cès mhj ikjtroùobk h eh ikj# sobgrhioùj bg ujh psoiktgrhpoh iogjtãaoih*

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Bgsiropioùj y sostgchtozhioùj bg frhj jôcgrk bg tïijoihs bg hcpeok usk*

Jgfhtovk #

Aheth bg uj chrik tgùroik iehrk y boagrgjiohbk* Pgsueth boaãioe gsthègigr qug gs ek qug togjg bg gspgiãaoik ge ckbgek ikjbuituhe cès heeè bg su hbmgsoùj h eh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtã# aoih% cgtkbkekfãh qug pugbg sgr utoeozhbh% jhturhecgjtg% pkr ktrks gjakqugs*

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Ïjahsos ojdustoaoihbk gj qug eks projiopoks y tïijoihs gcpeghbks mhj sobk bgrovhbks bg eh psoikekfãh iogjtãaoih % iuhjbk% gj rgheobhb% cuimks bg geeks bg`gj cès h eh gxpg# rogjioh ieãjoih*

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Aheth bg rgikjkiocogjtk bg eks ahitkrgs ikfjksiotovks y su`dgtovks gj eks gjakqugs jk ikfjotovks*

O\IY # 92

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Yupgbothioùj bg eh gckioùj h eh ikfjoioùj gj eks gjakqugs ikfjotovks*

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Yg rgquogrg ujh cgdkr vheobhioùj bg eks prkigbocogjtks bg gvheuhioùj bg ehs ikfjo# iokjgs y qug gstks jk ikjsosthj sùek gj hutkojakrcgs*

AHIRKPGY BOAGPGJIOHEGY GJRPG EKY BOQGPYKY CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Wjh bg ehs boagrgjiohs cès jkthègs gjtrg eks bovgrsks ckbgeks gs ge jovge bg ojagrgjioh gc# peghbk h eh mkrh bg ojtgrprgthr y bhr sofjoaoihbk h eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh* Gstg jovge bg ojagrgj# ioh gs hetk gj eks ckbgeks psoikbojècoiks y agjkcgjkeùfoiks% ckbgrhbk k `hdk gj ge su`ckbgek ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe y `hdk gj ge su`ckbgek bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk -ikjbuitosth/* Yu# pkjfhcks qug sh`gcks ek sofuogjtg* Wj joøk pgqugøk eekrh augrtgcgjtg burhjtg uj iogrtk pgrokbk iuhjbk sg eg hiugsth gj su iujh ihbh jkimg* He ih`k bg iogrtk togcpk vhrohèg% eh chbrg gjtrh gj ge iuhrtk% ek trhjquoeozh y ge joøk bgdh bg eekrhr* \ksoègs ojagrgjiohs h phrtor bg gsth ojakrchioùj sgrãhj ehs sofuogjtgs -@grjstgoj y Jogtzge% 8?=<+8?==/4 8* 0* 9* 2* 7*

Ge eehjtk igsh iuhjbk eh chbrg gjtrh gj eh mhòthioùj y ikcogjzh bg jugvk iuhjbk sg vh* Eh chbrg sg cugstrh cuy hjsoksh higrih bge ògjgsthr bg su modk* \hrgig qug eh chbrg ikjsobgrh qug ge eehjtk gs ujh sotuhioùj bg irosos* Ge eehjtk sg vg rgakrzhbk pkr cgbok bg eh htgjioùj bg eh chbrg -ckbgek ikjbuituhe/* Eh htgjioùj iogfh bg eh chbrg pugbg sgr ujh akrchioùj rghitovh qug kiueth su bgsprgiok ojikjsiogjtg mhioh ge modk -ckbgek psoikbojècoik/* 1* Eh hjsogbhb bg eh chbrg jk ikjsostg thjtk gj ujh prgkiuphioùj pkr ge modk% ikck gj ek qug geeh ikjsobgrh qug gs ujh akrch ùptoch bg iùck bg`g ikcpkrthrsg ujh ùgjh chbrg -ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik/* 6* Eh chbrg gxmo`g uj ikcpkrthcogjtk jgurùtoik -iehsoaoihioùj/* =* Gs prk`hèg qug ge joøk bgpgjbh gxhfgrhbhcgjtg bg eh chbrg gj su vobh auturh -prgboi# ioùj/*

Iuhjtk chykr gs ge shetk gjtrg eks bhtks y ehs supksoiokjgs% chykr gs ge jovge bg ojagrgj# ioh y cès aèioe gs ikcgtgr grrkrgs* Ge jovge y topk bg ojagrgjioh bgpgjbgj bg vhrohègs ikck ge gjtrgjhcogjtk% ckbgek tgùroik% ojtuoioùj% prgduoioks y gxpgrogjiohs bge tgrhpguth* H jovge cès gspgiãaoik% pugbgj sgøhehrsg ujh sgrog bg boagrgjiohs gjtrg eks bostojtks ckbg# eks bg ojtgrvgjioùj gj iuhjtk h eh ikjigpioùj bg eh phtkekfãh% eh gvheuhioùj% eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïu# toiks y ge trhthcogjtk*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h eh phtkekfãh4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Eks sãjtkchs skj ge rgsuethbk bg ikjaeoitks ojikjsiogjtgs ojtrhpsã# quoiks y+k ojtgrpgrskjhegs% bg eh rofobgz bg eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh y bg eh aodhioùj y rgfrgsoùj h gthphs hjtgrokrgs bge bgshrrkeek* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 Eks sãjtkchs skj ikjsgiugjioh bg eh jk hutkrrgheozhioùj% bg eh ojikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck rghe y ge sã cosck the ikck gs ckebghbk pkr eks ktrks% y+k bge aujiokjhcogjtk bgskrbgjhbk bge sostgch bg ikjstruitks* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Eks sãjtkchs bge phiogjtg obgjtoaoihbk skj ge rgsuethbk bg bosaujiokjgs gj eh gstruiturh y ikcujoihioùj bge sostgch ahcoeohr*

O\IY # 97

# Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Eks sãjtkchs skj prkègchs bgrovhbks bge hprgjbozhdg -ieèsoik% kpgrhjtg% k`sgrvhiokjhe/ k aheth bg hprgjbozhdg bg rgspugsths cktkrhs% ikfjo# tovhs% hutùjkchs y gckiokjhegs* Ge ckbgek ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe gjahtozh ge phpge bg eks pgjsh# cogjtks hutkcètoiks% bostkrsokjgs ikfjotovhs y irggjiohs bgshbhpthtovhs*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h eh gvheuhioùj4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Yg igjtrh gj eh gstruiturh bge yk -eãcotgs% sgjtobk bg eh rgheobhb% aujiokjgs ojtgfrhbkrhs% sojtïtoihs y krfhjozhbkrhs/% cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh% gstruiturh bge supgr# yù% sotuhioùj bge geek y bg eks ocpuesks sgxuhegs y hfrgsovks% hjsogbhb y gckiokjgs `èsoihs% y rgehiokjgs k`dgthegs* Cïtkbks4 gjtrgvosths jk gstruiturhbhs% prug`hs prkygitovhs* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 \ksoègs hspgitks bg ojtgrïs skj ge jovge bg ikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck rghe y eh akrch gj qug ujk sogjtg% pgrio`g y hitôh% ge prkygitk gxostgjiohe% eks ikjstrui# tks pgrskjhegs% eh pgrigpioùj su`dgtovh bge cujbk y bg ujk cosck% ge jovge bg ikjiogjioh y higp# thioùj bg eks prkpoks bgsgks y jgigsobhbgs% eh ojtgfrhioùj bg gsths* Cïtkbks4 gjtrgvosths jk gstrui# turhbhs% tïijoih bg eh rgdoeeh* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Gvheôh ehs phuths bg ikcujoihioùj bosaujiokjhegs% eks eãcotgs gjtrg su`# sostgchs% ehs ikheoiokjgs% ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs bg ehs sgiugjiohs bg mgimks% ehs ojtgrhiiokjgs ahco# eohrgs% ge sostgch bg pkbgr% eh hbhpthioùj h eks ihcòks* Cïtkbks4 Gjtrgvosths% k`sgrvhioùj% iugs# tokjhroks* # Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Gspgioaoih y iuhjtoaoih ehs ikjbuiths cktk# rhs% ikfjotovhs% hutùjkchs y gckiokjhegs ocpeoihbhs gj eks prkègchs% g obgjtoaoih ehs vhrohègs hjtgigbgjtgs% ikjsgiugjtgs y ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjhegs gsthègs aujiokjhecgjtg rgehiokjhbhs ikj ehs coschs* Cïtkbks4 Gjtrgvosths -he ieogjtg y h ktrks/% iugstokjhroks% hutkrrgfostrks% k`sgrvhioùj% rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Pgskeuioùj bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y bg eks ikjaeoitks ojtrhpsãquoiks% boscojuioùj bg eks ocpuesks y chjgdk bg gstks% usk bg bgagjshs aegxoègs% ojsofmt ojtgegituhe y gckiokjhe% bgshphroioùj bge sãjtkch% rggstruiturhioùj bg eh pgrskjheobhb* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 Ikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck rghe y eh akrch gj qug ujk sogjtg% pgrio`g y hitôh% hutkrrgheozhioùj% ikjiogjioh g ojtgfrhioùj bg eks prkpoks bgsgks y jgigsobhbgs* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Bgshphroioùj k rgbuiioùj bge prkègch% ckboaoihioùj bg phuths bosauj# iokjhegs bg ikcujoihioùj g ojtgrhiioùj gj eh ahcoeoh% ihcòks gj eh gstruiturh bg gsth* # Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Bgshphroioùj k rgbuiioùj bg eks prkègchs y hbquosoioùj bg mhòeobhbgs phrh harkjthr eh vobh*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h ehs tïijoihs bg trhthcogjtk4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Htgjioùj vofoehjtg% hskiohioùj eo`rg% ikjarkjthioùj% iehroaoihioùj% ojtgrprgthioùj% trh`hdk geh`krhtovk% hjèeosos bg eks sugøks% hjèeosos bg ehs rgsostgjiohs% hjèeosos bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y ktrhs tïijoihs -ihthrsos k h`rghiioùj% hpkyk gckiokjhe% sufgstoùj% pgrsuhsoùj% oj#

O\IY # 91

akrchioùj k`dgtovh/* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 Ehs hitotubgs bge tgrhpguth -gcphtãh% higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjbo# iokjhe% hutgjtoiobhb/ sg ikjsobgrhj aujbhcgjthegs* Hbgcès% pugbgj gcpeghrsg tïijoihs ikck igj# trhrsg gj ge hquã y hmkrh% ahjthsãh -trh`hdk ikj sugøks k ocèfgjgs/% brhchtozhioùj -psoikbrhch% tïijoih bg eh soeeh vhiãh y bg ehs bks soeehs/% hjèeosos bg eh vobh% chshdg y gxprgsoùj ikrpkrhe* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Rïijoihs bg gxpekrhioùj y phrtoiophioùj gj ge sostgch -rhstrgk% hikckbh# ioùj% cocgtosck% vheobhioùj/% rgakrcuehioùj% tïijoihs phrhbùdoihs -ojtgjioùj phrhbùdoih% rgstroi# ioùj% pksoiokjhcogjtk% utoeozhioùj/% prgsiropioùj bg thrghs% oeusoùj bg hetgrjhtovhs% usk bg hjhekfã# hs% iugstokjhcogjtk ioriuehr y prgfujths troèboihs* # Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Rïijoihs bg rgsporhioùj y rgehdhioùj% tïijoihs bg gxpksoioùj% ckbgehbk% gjtrgjhcogjtk gj mhòeobhbgs skiohegs% tïijoihs kpgrhjtgs -rgakrzhcogj# tk% ckebghcogjtk% ikstk bg rgspugsth% gikjkcãh bg aoimhs% ikjtrhtks% ikjtrke bg gstãcueks/% òkrrg# trkheocgjthioùj% rgskeuioùj bg prkègchs% rggstruiturhioùj ikfjotovh% gjtrgjhcogjtk hutkojstrui# iokjhe% tïijoihs bg hitovhioùj ikjbuituhe y tïijoihs bg bostrhiioùj* Ykj ikcujgs ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs* Ikjsobgrgcks uj ihsk bg hfkrhakòh* #

Wj tgrhpguth psoikbojècoik pugbg gcpeghr hskiohioùj eo`rg% ojtgrprgthioùj y hjèeosos bg ehs rgsostgjiohs y bg eh trhjsagrgjioh phrh qug ge ieogjtg tkcg ikjiogjioh y supgrg ge ikj# aeoitk ojikjsiogjtg su`yhigjtg* Wj tgrhpguth fgstèetoik pugbg gcpeghr ge hjèeosos bg eks sugøks% ge sgøhehcogjtk bge ikcpkrthcogjtk jk vgr`he y eh tïijoih bg ehs bks soeehs phrh qug ge ieogjtg tkcg ikjiogjioh bg sus pkehrobhbgs bg bgpgjbgjioh#ojbgpgjbgjioh y ehs oj# tgfrg*

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Wj tgrhpguth sostïcoik pugbg rgakrcuehr ge prkègch gj tïrcojks pksotovks% pehjtghr ujh skeuioùj he cosck gj tïrcojks phrhbùdoiks -p*gd*% ojtgjioùj phrhbùdoih phrh eks hth# qugs bg pèjoik/ y utoeozhr ge prkègch prgsgjthbk phrh prkbuior uj ihcòk gstruiturhe gj eh ahcoeoh* Wj tgrhpguth ikjbuituhe pugbg gcpeghr gxpksoioùj gj vovk h ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs dujtk ikj rgtrkheocgjthioùj y rgakrzhcogjtk*

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Aojhecgjtg% uj tgrhpguth ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe pugbg gcpeghr gxpksoioùj gj vovk g ojtgrkigptovh hpkyhbh pkr gstrhtgfohs bg harkjthcogjtk bg eh hjsogbhb+pèjoik -rgsporh# ioùj% rggstruiturhioùj ikfjotovh/ y ikcòjhbh% gj eks ihsks jgigshroks% pkr tïijoihs ikck eh rgskeuioùj bg prkègchs y ge gjtrgjhcogjtk gj hsgrtovobhb phrh ge chjgdk bg sotuhiok# jgs gstrgshjtgs y ikjaeoitks ojtgrpgrskjhegs*

AHIRKPGY IKCWJGY H EHY BOYROJRHY KPOGJRHIOKJGY »Ykj ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs k ckbgeks thj boagrgjtgs; Wjh iksh gs ek qug sg boig qug sg mhig y ktrh ek qug sg mhig rghecgjtg* Bgsbg eugfk% ehs bovgrshs krogjthiokjgs skj gj eh prèitoih cès phrgiobhs bg ek qug sg boig% hujqug% gsk sã% gxostgj ocpkrthjtgs boagrgjiohs gj eh akrch gj qug eks tgrhpguths h`krbhj eks trhstkrjks -igjtrhrsg gj ge phshbk k gj ge prgsgjtg% trh`hdhr sùek bgjtrk k thcòïj augrh bg eh sgsoùj% ikjsobgrhr ujks u ktrks ahitkrgs ikck bgtgrcojhjtgs bge prk# ègch% gcpeghr ujhs u ktrhs tïijoihs prokrothrohcgjtg/* \grk soj jgfhr gsths boagrgjiohs% gxostgj cuimks ahitkrgs ikcujgs h ehs bostojths tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs -vïhjsg% pkr gdgcpek% Fhvojk% 0<<2> Negojng% 8??2+8??7> Pksh% Keovhrgs y Cïjbgz% 0<<2/* Ge ojtgjtk bg gjikjtrhr gstks ahitkrgs bg`g `hshrsg gj ek qug eks tgrhpguths mhigj gj vgz bg gj ek qug boigj qug mhigj*

O\IY # 96

H ikjtojuhioùj sg prgsgjthj gdgcpeks bg ahitkrgs ikcujgs % hujqug jk tkbks ikojiobgj gj iuèegs skj eks ocpeoihbks gj eh gxpeoihioùj bge ihcòk4 #

Gcphtãh% higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjboiokjhe% hutgjtoiobhb% irgboòeobhb% hpkyk% trhjquoeozh# ioùj% heogjtk y ikcpgtgjioh pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth* Ek ocpkrthjtg gs eh pgrigpioùj qug ge phiogjtg togjg bg gsths ihrhitgrãstoihs*

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Pgehioùj pksotovh y bg ikjaohjzh gjtrg tgrhpguth y phiogjtg*

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Eh prkvosoùj bg uj chrik bg iurhioùj -bgsphimk% ieãjoih% mkspothe/ qug prkpkriokjh akr# cheobhb he prkigsk bg tgrhpoh y hyubh h bostojfuor gsth bg eh hcosthb k ikjvgrshioùj ih# suhe*

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Pgehioùj bg pkbgr g ojaeugjioh skiohe* Ge tgrhpguth heihjzh ujh pksoioùj bg pkbgr -h trh# vïs bge prgstofok% sufgstoùj% pgrsuhsoùj% ikjfrhiohioùj/ y eugfk gcpegh gstg pkbgr phrh qug eks ieogjtgs hsuchj eh rgspkjshòeobhb bge ihcòk y sg vghj y ikcpkrtgj bg akrch boagrgjtg*

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Pgikjigptuheozhioùj bg eks prkègchs bge phiogjtg gj tïrcojks pehusoègs y ikjvojigjtgs phrh ïe -ikj ge ojsofmt qug gstk ikjeegvh sk`rg iùck sg ikcpkrth y ehs rhzkjgs qug eg eeg# vhj h geek/ y ikrrgiioùj bg ikjigpiokjgs% irggjiohs k gsqugchs grrùjgks h trhvïs bg eh prkvosoùj bg ojakrchioùj k bg ktrks cïtkbks*

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Kargiocogjtk bg prkigbocogjtks tgrhpïutoiks gj eks qug irggj tgrhpguth y phiogjtg* Gstks prkigbocogjtks hcpeãhj ge h`hjoik bg gstrhtgfohs bge phiogjtg phrh harkjthr ehs sotuhiok# jgs prkègcètoihs*

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Hiugrbk gjtrg ieogjtg y tgrhpguth rgspgitk h ehs cgths y cïtkbks bg trhthcogjtk*

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Bgshrrkeek bg ag% ikjaohjzh y gxpgithtovhs bg cgdkrh*

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Akcgjtk bg gxpgrogjiohs ikrrgitovhs y gxpgrogjiohs bg ïxotk qug bgshrrkeehj sgjtocogjtks bg hutkgaoihioh y sgjshioùj bg ikjtrke*

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Kpkrtujobhb bg ikcprk`hr rgpgtobhcgjtg eh rgheobhb* Gstk hyubh h ikrrgfor ikjigpiok# jgs% irggjiohs k gsqugchs grrùjgks*

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Pgakrzhcogjtk bg ikjbuiths bgsghègs% hprk`hioùj% ikjsgdk*

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Ahioeothioùj bg eh pugsth gj chrimh bg rgiursks "bkrcobks" bge phiogjtg*

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Gagitks sojïrfoiks qug ge ihcòk gj uj èrgh bg aujiokjhcogjtk pugbg tgjgr sk`rg ktrh*

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Ahioeothioùj bg eh ihthrsos k eo`grhioùj gckiokjhe*

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Pgbuiioùj bg eh pgrtur`hioùj gckiokjhe -h trhvïs bg eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% hpkyk% ihthr# sos% gti*/*

Cuimks ahitkrgs ikcujgs gjtrg krogjthiokjgs pugbgj ikojiobor gj ge jkc`rg% pgrk jk gj iùck skj eegvhbks h ih`k* \kr gdgcpek% eh prkvosoùj bg jugvhs gxpgrogjiohs pugbg rgagrorsg h bgjtrk k augrh bg eh sgsoùj y ehs jugvhs gxpgrogjiohs pugbgj bgaojorsg ikck gxpgrogjiohs bg eh ojahjioh rgvovobhs% pgjshcogjtks jugvks% jugvhs akrchs bg gxpgrocgjthr hutkvhekrhiokjgs% jug#

O\IY O\IY # 9=

vhs rgspugsths bge tgrhpguth h eh akrch mhòtuhe bg ikcpkrthrsg bge ieogjtg -p*gd*% rgspkjbgr h eh orh y suspoihioh ikj ikcprgjsoùj gj vgz bg ikj mkstoeobhb> k h eh bgpgjbgjioh ikj akcgjtk bge ikc# pkrthcogjtk ojbgpgjbogjtg gj vgz bg ikj ge rgakrzhcogjtk bg hqugeeh/% prgsiropioùj bg jugvhs akrchs bg ikcpkrthrsg k eh tgrhpoh psoikeùfoih gj sã cosch* Eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs pugbgj ikjsobgrhrsg ikck gstrhtgfohs qug pugbgj eegvhrsg h ih`k h trhvïs bg bostojths tïijoihs qug pugbgj vhrohr sgfôj ehs krogjthiokjgs* Pgprgsgjthj uj jovge ojtgr# cgbok bg h`strhiioùj gjtrg ehs tïijoihs y eh tgkrãh* Mhsth ge ckcgjtk jk mh mhòbk cuimh ojvgstofhioùj gcpãroih phrh obgjtoaoihr gstks ahi# tkrgs% phrh gsthègigr so sg bhj gj ge cosck frhbk gj ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs y phrh bgtgrcojhr so% ikck cuimks pogjshj% skj eks rgspkjshègs projiophegs bge ihcòk tgrhpïutoik* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% bg`grãh hvgrofuhrsg thcòïj iuèegs skj eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs ocpeoihbks% qug pkrigjthdg bge ihcòk gxpeoihj y so skj ikjboiokjgs jgigshrohs* Gxostg ujh jgigsobhb bg obgjtoaoihr gcpãroihcgjtg thjtk eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs ikck hqugeehs ikjtroùiokjgs ôjoihs qug iuhequogr krogjthioùj pugbh kargigr -p*gd*% ge trhthcogjtk bg gxpksoioùj phrh ehs akòhs surfobk bgjtrk bge gjakqug ikjbuituhe/* Wj gjakqug gieïitoik k oj# tgfrhbkr bg`g tgjgr gj iugjth hc`hs ikshs* Jk tkbk skj ahitkrgs ikcujgs* \kr gdgcpek% Ehc`grt gs iothbk argiugjtgcgjtg rgspgitk h eks pkrigjthdgs ikj qug ikjtroùygj bostojtks ahitkrgs he ihc# òk tgrhpïutoik4 ahitkrgs gxtrhtgrhpïutoiks bg topk pgrskjhe% skiohe y hcògjthe -2<'/% ahitkrgs ikcujgs -9<'/% tïijoihs -87'/ y gxpgithtovhs k gagitks pehig`k -87'/ -Agoxhs y Corù% 8??9/* Gstks pkrigjthdgs bg`grãhj rgpeoihrsg% yh qug rgprgsgjthj vhekrhiokjgs y jk bgrovhiokjgs bg ièeiu# eks gsthbãstoiks* Rhcòïj gs jgigshrok gstubohr so ge pgsk bg eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs vhrãh gj aujioùj bg eks prkègchs ikjsobgrhbks 4 akòhs% ikcpuesokjgs% trhstkrjks psoiùtoiks% bosaujiokjgs sgxuhegs% thrthcubgk% trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb% gti*

GIEGIROIOYCK G OJRGFPHIOÙJ Gj eks ôetocks høks mh mhòbk uj jugvk rgsurfor bge ojtgrïs pkr eh ojtgfrhioùj bg ehs tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs -Agoxhs y Corù% 8??9> Pksh% Keovhrgs Ke ovhrgs y Cïjbgz% 0<<2/* Gstg ojtgrïs sg mh vostk ahio# eothbk pkr4 #

Eh prkeoagrhioùj bg krogjthiokjgs*

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Ehs eocothiokjgs ikjigptuhegs bg ehs krogjthiokjgs ckjkeãtoihs* Jk `hsth ikj igjtrhrsg gj ujk k ujks pkiks hspgitks4 ikjbuith% ikfjoiokjgs% hagitk% òkekfãh% prkigsks ojikjs# iogjtgs% rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih*

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Ikjtojfgjiohs skiokgikjùcoihs y gxtgrjhs % thegs ikck hthqugs bgsbg augrh y prgsokjgs bg phrtg bg dugigs% hbcojostrhioùj% ikcphøãhs hsgfurhbkrhs y hskiohiokjgs bg ikjsuco# bkrgs* Yg mhj ikcgjzhbk h gxofor bhtks sk`rg eh gaoihioh% utoeobhb ieãjoih% iheobhb y burh# òeobhb bg eks trhthcogjtks% y% soj ihcòks tgrhpïutoiks% pgeofrhj ge prgstofok% eks ieogjtgs y ge bojgrk*

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Ojirgcgjtk bg eks trhthcogjtks `rgvgs -5 01 sgsokjgs/ igjtrhbks gj ge prkègch * Gstk sg mh vostk ahioeothbk pkr ehs rgbuiiokjgs bg phfk pkr phrtg bg eh sgfurobhb skiohe y bg ehs ikcphøãhs bg sgfurks* Hbgcès% gxostgj bhtks bg qug ehs tgrhpohs `rgvgs pugbgj sgr thj gaoihigs ikck ehs bg ehrfh burhioùj y qug eh chykrãh bg eh cgdkrh kiurrg gj ehs pro#

O\IY O\IY # 9?

cgrhs = sgsokjgs -\gnhron% 8??9/* #

Kpkrtujobhbgs phrh k`sgrvhr ktrks trhthcogjtks gj hiioùj y gxpgrocgjthr ikj geeks* Gsths kpkrtujobhbgs mhj vgjobk bhbhs pkr eh gxostgjioh bg iursks gj ieãjoihs gspg# ioheozhbhs gj trhstkrjks ikjirgtks y pkr eh puèoihioùj bg chjuhegs gspgiãaoiks sk`rg bos# tojths ojtgrvgjiokjgs*

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Ehs eocothiokjgs gj gaoihioh tgrhpïutoih bg ehs krogjthiokjgs ckjkeãtoihs* Ktrhs krogjth# iokjgs pugbgj tgjgr hefk qug kargigr*

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Irggjioh bg qug eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs h ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs togjgj uj frhj pgsk gj eh gxpeoihioùj bge ihcòk tgrhpïutoik *

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Bgshrrkeek bg ujh rgb prkagsokjhe phrh eh ojtgfrhioùj % ikjstotuobh pkr eh Ykiogty akr tmg Gxpekrhtokj ka \syimktmgrhpy Ojtgfrhtokj -YG\O/% rgvosths y ikjfrgsks sk`rg ge tgch*

Ehs krogjthiokjgs jk bg`gj sgr ikcphrtocgjtks igrrhbks% sojk qug togjgj qug gsthr hògrths he ihcòk* \kr ktrh phrtg% hefujks mhj sgøhehbk qug jk gs ùgjk eegfhr rèpobhcgjtg h uj skek gjak# qug tgrhpïutoik* Eh bovgrsobhb gs eh augjtg bg eh jkvgbhb* Bg`g mh`gr `hsthjtg bovgrsobhb phrh ojtgrhituhr% pgrk jk thjth ikck phrh hcgjhzhr eh obgjtobhb prkagsokjhe bg eh tgrhpoh psoik# eùfoih* Eh hituhe arhfcgjthioùj gs jkiovh y bh ujh cheh ochfgj% thjtk mhioh ge ojtgrokr ikck mhioh ge gxtgrokr% pgrk ujh ujoaoihioùj prgchturh thcpkik gs ôtoe* Wjh ojtgfrhioùj prgchturh bg krogjthiokjgs k pksoiokjgs qug jk iugjtgj ikj suaoiogjtg hpkyk gcpãroik pugbg pgrduboihr ge prk# frgsk*

Ge vgrbhbgrk vhekr bg eh ojtgfrhioùj rhboih gj su supugsth chykr gaoihioh* Yoj gc`hrfk% jk mh sobk bgckstrhbk mhsth ge ckcgjtk qug uj gjakqug gieïitoik k ojtgfrhbkr sgh cès gaoihz> pkbrãh ojieusk sgr ojagrokr* Hbgcès% gxostgj boagrgjtgs gjakqugs gieïitoiks g ojtgfrhbkrgs % eks iuhegs pugbgj ikjvgrtorsg gj jugvhs krogjthiokjgs ckjkeãtoihs y rgprkbuior hsã ge gsthbk bg ikshs qug sg quogrg supgrhr* Eh ojtgfrhioùj jk bg`grãh eocothrsg h ehs tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs % sojk qug bg`grãh gxtgjbgr# sg h ktrhs rhchs bg eh psoikekfãh -ikfjotovh% `èsoih% skiohe% gvkeutovh% psoikaosokekfãh/ y h ktrhs bosiopeojhs haojgs -psoikahrchikekfãh% cgboiojh/* Eh gegiioùj pgrskjhe bge giegitoiosck pugbg sgr ahioeothbh pkr eks sofuogjtgs ahitkrgs4 h/ Aheth bg prgsokjgs gj ge gjtrgjhcogjtk y hcògjtgs prkagsokjhegs borofobhs mhioh ujh bgtgrcojhbh krogjthioùj* `/ Chykr gxpgrogjioh ieãjoih* i/ Wj ocpuesk phrh ikcòjhr tkbhs ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs tgrhpïutoihs* b/ Wj ihrèitgr ojikjakrcosth qug eegvh h ckvgrsg cès heeè bg ujh bgtgrcojhbh krogj# thioùj* g/ Wjh hitotub gsiïptoih mhioh ge sthtus quk*

RO\KY BG GIEGIROIOYCK _ JOQGEGY BG OJRGFPHIOÙJ Agoxhs y Corù -8??9/ mhj bostojfuobk trgs topks bg giegitoiosck4 #

Giegitoiosck ojtuotovk k htgùroik* Cuy argiugjtg gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih% ikcòjh tïijoihs bg boagrgjtgs gjakqugs soj qug mhyh uj sostgch qug bï ikmgrgjioh he ikjdujtk* Eh ikcò# jhioùj bgpgjbg bg ehs ojtuoiokjgs% gxpgrogjiohs y prgagrgjiohs bg ihbh tgrhpguth*

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Giegitoiosck tïijoik* Ikcòjh tïijoihs bg boagrgjtgs gjakqugs bg hiugrbk ikj irotgroks sostgcètoiks bg topk prhfcètoik -gaoihioh/ k tgùroik y soj tgjgr pkr quï higpthr ge chrik

O\IY O\IY # 2<

tgùroik krofojhe bg ehs tïijoihs* #

Giegitoiosck sojtïtoik k ojtgfrhioùj tgùroih * Rrhth bg ojtgfrhr ikjigptks bg bostojths tgkrãhs yh sgh rgakrcuehjbk eks ikjigptks bg ujh gj tïrcojks bg eh ktrh -ojtgfrhioùj hso# coehtovh/ k hrtoiuehjbk gjtrg sã ikjigptks tgùroiks bg bostojtk krofgj% pgrk ikcphtoègs -ojtgfrhioùj hikckbhtovh/*

Gj iuhjtk h eks jovgegs bg ojtgfrhioùj % pkbgcks bostojfuor eh tgkrãh% eh cgtkbkekfãh y eh tgi# jkekfãh* #

Rgkrãh* Gxostgj ocpkrthjtgs boagrgjiohs gj eh aoekskaãh `hsg sk`rg eh ikjigpioùj bge mkc# `rg* Hquã eh ojtgfrhioùj gs boaãioe* Ygfôj @gutegr% ujh tgkrãh ojtgfrhbh jk gs pksoèg pkr# qug ehs tgkrãhs gxostgjtgs bg eks tgrhpguths4 h/ gstèj ikjaujbobhs ikj sus prkpohs irggj# iohs pgrskjhegs% `/ sg rgaegdhj cuy pkik gj ehs bgiosokjgs ckcgjtk h ckcgjtk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk% i/ skj ojjucgrhègs% y b/ jk rgspkjbgj h jojfôj hrfucgjtk k bosikjaorch# ioùj* )

Eh ojtgfrhioùj ojtgfrhioùj sg vgrè ahioeothbh ahioeothbh so ehs tgkrãhs hcpeohs y cuy ojagrgjiohegs qug ojtgj# ojtgj# thj gxpeoihr tkbks eks hspgitks bge aujiokjhcogjtk muchjk y topk bg prkègchs sg vgj sustotuobhs pkr ckbgeks cès gspgiãaoiks y kpgrhiokjhegs qug sg igjtrgj gj eh gxpeoihioùj% cgihjoscks bg ihcòk y trhthcogjtk bg boagrgjtgs prkègchs ieãjoiks* \kbrãh rgikrbhrsg hquã eh ahcksh prgfujth bg \hue4 »Xuï ojtgrvgjioùj% hpeoihbh pkr quoïj% gs cès gaoihz phrh gstg phiogjtg ikj gstg prkègch y `hdk quï ioriujsthjiohs;

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Eh ojtgfrhioùj bg ehs tgkrãhs eegvh ikjsofk eh bg ehs tïijoihs* Eocothrsg sùek h gstk ôetock gs ek prkpok bge giegitoiosck tïijoik* Gstg gs ge cès argiugjtg gj eh prèitoih% cogjtrhs qug eh ojtgfrhioùj gs ujh hsporhioùj* Ehs boagrgjiohs -socpeoaoihbhs/ gjtrg giegitoiosck g ojtgfrhioùj sg gxpkjgj h ikjtojuhioùj* Giegitoiosck

Ojtgfrhioùj

Rïijoik Bovgrfgjtg -boagrgjiohs/ Gsikfogjbk gjtrg cuimks Hpeoihjbk ek qug mhy Hiucuehioùj Hpeoihjbk ehs phrtgs "Htgùroik"% pgrk gcpãroik Yuch bg ehs phrtgs Pgheosth

Rgùroih Ikjvgrfgjtg -ikcujheobhbgs/ Ikcòjhjbk cuimks Irghjbk hefk jugvk Ikcòjhioùj Wjoaoihjbk ehs phrtgs Cès tgùroih qug gcpãroih Cès qug eh such bg ehs phrtgs Obgheosth

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Cgtkbkekfãh* Jgigsobhb bg skcgtgr h prug`h ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs% cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj y trhthcogjtks* Yg ihrgig bg bhtks suaoiogjtgs bg gaoihioh bg cuimhs krogj# thiokjgs* Yg jgigsoth uj ikjsgjsk sk`rg cgtkbkekfãh hbgiuhbh y sk`rg cgbobhs tgrh# pïutoihs higpthègs*

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Rgijkekfãh* \ugbgj gcpeghrsg tïijoihs bg bostojths krogjthiokjgs soj higpthr jgigshroh# cgjtg sus `hsgs tgùroihs k rgojtgrprgthjbk gsths `hsgs* Eh utoeobhb rhboih gj rhzkjgs gc# pãroihs% jk tgùroihs* Ge giegitoiosck tïijoik pgrsofug pgrsofug cgdkrhr eh mhòeobhb phrh sgegiiokjhr sgegiiokjhr ge cgdkr trhthcogjtk phrh ujh pgrskjh y prkègch* \hrh geek% sg corhj eks bhtks bg ek qug

O\IY # 28

cgdkr mh aujiokjhbk phrh ktrks ikj socoehrgs prkègchs y ihrhitgrãstoihs* )

Ge giegitoiosck togjg h vgigs ujh ikjjkthioùj pgykrhtovh pkrqug sg eg ikjaujbg ikj ge sojirgtosck -giegitoiosck htgùroik/4 ikcòjhiokjgs jk irãtoihs y jk sostgcètoihs bg tïijoihs% qug sugegj rgaegdhr cgbokirobhb g ojikcpgtgjioh* Ikck bodk Pkttgr4 "Rkbk pgjshcogjtk sostgcètoik ocpeoih eh sãjtgsos bg pujtks bg vosth prggxostgjtgs* Jk gs iugstoùj bg sgr k jk gieïitoik% sojk bg sgr k jk ikjsostgjtg y sostgcètoik"*

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Wjh tïijoih pugbg jk sgr eh cosch iuhjbk sg hpeoih gj boagrgjtgs krogjthiokjgs* \kr gdgcpek% gj eh tïijoih bg ehs bks soeehs uj tgrhpguth fgstèetoik bhrè frhj ocpkr# thjioh h eh k`sgrvhioùj y gxhfgrhioùj bg fgstks aãsoiks% h eh gxprgsoùj bg sgjtocogj# tks y h eh tkch bg ikjiogjioh bg gstks* Gj ihcòk% uj tgrhpguth ikfjotovk sg prgkiu# phrè cgjks pkr eks jovgegs irgiogjtgs bg gckioùj qug pkr bgsiu`ror ehs irggjiohs oj# hbhpthbhs qug su`yhigj h eh gckioùj gxpgrocgjthbh*

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Hujqug uj giegitoiosck tïijoik pugbg sgr prhfcètoihcgjtg ôtoe% gs prgagroèg uj ojtgfrhiokjosck qug vhyh cès heeè* Ge giegitoiosck tïijoik gs ôtoe phrh sojtgto# zhr ek qug sg sh`g% pgrk ehs ikjsobgrhiokjgs tgùroihs ikjtrkehbhs pugbgj akcgjthr jugvks bgsiu`rocogjtks* Yoj gc`hrfk% cuy prk`hègcgjtg jk mh eegfhbk hôj ge togcpk bg uj ojtgfrhiokjosck tgùroik*

K@YRÈIWEKY \HPH EH OJRGFPHIOÙJ \ugbgj iothrsg eks sofuogjtgs4

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Boagrgjtgs aoekskaãhs `hsg sk`rg eh ikjigpioùj bge mkc`rg% bgtgrcojhjtgs bg eh pgrskjh# eobhb% gxpeoihiokjgs bg eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche% y k`dgtovks bg eh tgrhpoh* Gstk vh hskiohbk h boagrgjiohs gj ek qug sg ikjsobgrh akrchs vèeobhs bg ikjkiocogjtk -ojagrgjioh% sofjoaoihbk su`dgtovk% k`sgrvhioùj/ y eks cïtkbks phrh hbquoror gstg ikjkiocogjtk -ojtgr# prgthioùj% gxpekrhioùj agjkcgjkeùfoih% cïtkbk gxpgrocgjthe/*

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\rkègchs bg egjfuhdg* Aheth bg uj egjfuhdg ikcôj% rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs jgfhtovhs hjtg bgtgrcojhbhs pheh`rhs k ikjigptks% boaoiuethb gj gjtgjbgr ktrks ikjigptks% gcpegk bg bostojtks tïrcojks phrh bgior ek cosck y bg pheh`rhs obïjtoihs ikj sofjoaoihbk boagrgj# tg* Wjh hetgrjhtovh gs bgshrrkeehr uj egjfuhdg ikcôj `hshbk gj eh psoikekfãh ikfjotovh gxpgrocgjthe% hujqug mhy qug rgikjkigr qug gsth pgrchjgig hôj cuy bgsikjgithbh bg eh ieãjoih* Cogjtrhs thjtk% sgrãh ôtoe ikjkigr bostojtks egjfuhdgs tgùroiks*

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Aheth bg ikjkiocogjtk hbgiuhbk bg ktrhs krogjthiokjgs * Ikjkiocogjtk supgraoiohe `hshbk pkr ek fgjgrhe gj sgfujbhs augjtgs% ikjkiocogjtk hjtoiuhbk% ojtgrprgthiokjgs grrùjghs% sgsfk gckiokjhe jgfhtovk*

#

Ikcpgtotovobhb gjtrg krogjthiokjgs hskiohbh h `gjgaoioks skiohegs% prkagsokjhegs y gik# jùcoiks*

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Eh obgjtoaoihioùj ikj eh prkpoh krogjthioùj bh sgfurobhb y gvoth ge cogbk h sgjtorsg skek k hosehbk* Hbgcès% ahioeoth eh ikcujoihioùj y ge ojtgrihcòk bg ojakrchioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs haojgs*

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Aheth bg gjtrgjhcogjtk gj cès bg ujh krogjthioùj * Yoj gc`hrfk% mhy qug rgikjkigr qug uj prkfrhch bg gjtrgjhcogjtk gj tgrhpoh psoikeùfoih ojtgfrhbkrh gs hefk ikcpegdk y cuy gxofgjtg* Rhcòïj rgquogrg cuimk cès trh`hdk chjtgjgrsg he bãh*

O\IY # 20

#

Ojvgstofhioùj gcpãroih ojhbgiuhbh sk`rg eh ojtgfrhioùj bg ehs tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs * Jk mh sobk bgckstrhbk mhsth ge ckcgjtk qug uj gjakqug gieïitoik k ojtgfrhbkr sgh cès gaoihz*

\rk`hègcgjtg% ge togcpk phrh eh ojtgfrhioùj hôj jk mh eegfhbk* Jo thj soquogrh mgcks ikjsgfuobk eh ojtgfrhioùj bgjtrk bg ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs* Yoj gc`hrfk% mh mhòbk hvhjigs he rgspgitk* Hsã% gj RII sg mh rgikjkiobk eh ocpkrthjioh bg ahitkrgs ikfjotovks y bge prkigshcogjtk ojikjsiogjtg> y gj psoikhjèeosos sg mh tgjbobk mhioh trhthcogjtks cès ikrtks% ikjso# bgrhioùj bg vhrohègs ojtgrpgrskjhegs y gcpegk bg tïijoihs krogjthbhs h eh hiioùj*

ÈPGHY BG H\EOIHIOÙJ Ehs èrghs bg hpeoihioùj bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih h`hrihj bostojtks ècòtks4 ieãjoih% sheub% trh`hdk% gbuihioùj% ikcujobhb% bgpkrtg* \kbgcks gjikjtrhr psoiùekfks trh`hdhjbk gj ieãjoihs% mkspothegs% igjtrks bg sheub -fgjgrhe k cgjthe/% igjtrks bg trhthcogjtk bg brkfkbgpgj# bgjiohs% gcprgshs% igjtrks gbuihtovks% igjtrks bg htgjioùj psoikpgbhfùfoih% ojstotuiokjgs phrh rgtrhshbks cgjthegs% igjtrks bg hsostgjioh he cgjkr% duzfhbks% ojstotuiokjgs pgjotgjiohrohs% rgso# bgjiohs bg hjiohjks% igjtrks bg hiioùj skiohe% igjtrks bg rgmhòeothioùj bg ojvèeobks% gquopks bg# pkrtovks% igjtrks coeothrgs% prèitoih provhbh% gti* H ikjtojuhioùj sg gjucgrhj ehs bostojths èrghs y prkègchs gj qug ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs psoik# eùfoihs mhj sobk hpeoihbhs mhsth ge ckcgjtk* \hrh cès ojakrchioùj% pugbgj ikjsuethrsg Ihrrkègs -8?=7/ y Eh`rhbkr -8?=2% 8??
O\IY # 29

ÈPGH IEÃJOIH # # #

Akòhs y cogbks gspgiãaoiks% akòhs skiohegs% hfkrhakòh* Rrhstkrjk bg pèjoik y hthqugs bg pèjoik* Hjsogbhb skiohe% hjsogbhb mgtgrkskiohe% aheth bg hsgrioùj% bïaoiot bg mhòeobhbgs skiohegs*

# # #

Rrhstkrjk bg hjsogbhb fgjgrheozhbh* Rrhstkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk* Rrhstkrjk pkr gstrïs pkstrhucètoik -pkr hiiobgjtg% vokehioùj% tkrturh% ikc`htg/*

# # #

Rrhstkrjk bg hjsogbhb pkr sgphrhioùj* Bgprgsoùj% trhstkrjk òpkehr* Bosaujiokjgs sgxuhegs -ocpktgjioh% gyhiuehioùj prgikz% hjkrfhscoh% vhfojosck/ y phrhaoeohs -phobkaoeoh% gxmoòiokjosck% agtoimosck/*

# # #

Rrhstkrjks bg phrgdh* Ojskcjok% pgshboeehs% tgrrkrgs jkiturjks* K`gsobhb% hjkrgxoh% ùeocoh*

# # #

Brkfkbgpgjbgjiohs4 heikmke% th`hik% mgrkãjh% ikihãjh% ihagãjh% aèrchiks Dugfk phtkeùfoik* Orh% hfrgsoùj*

# # #

Qãitochs bg cheks trhtks y bg hùsks sgxuhegs* Rhrthcubgk% tois% mèòtks jgrvoksks -kjoikahfoh% troiktoekchjãh% `ruxosck/ Cutosck sgegitovk*

# # #

Gjurgsos y gjikprgsos* Mopgrhitovobhb+ocpuesovobhb% bïaoiot bg htgjioùj* \rkègchs joøks#phbrgs4 bgsk`gbogjioh% jgfhtovosck% rhògths% cgjtorhs% rk`ks*

# # #

Bgaoiogjioh cgjthe* Hutkgstocuehioùj y hutkegsoùj* Gsquozkargjoh% hutosck% psoiksos ojahjtoegs*

# # #

Bugek% iuephòeobhb% `hdh hutkgstoch% cutosck gegitovk* Rrhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb* Bgeojiugjioh*

O\IY # 22

ÈPGH BG YHEWB #

Yostgch ihrbokvhsiuehr4 hrrotcohs ihrbãhihs% mopgrtgjsoùj gsgjiohe% cofrhøhs% gjagrcgbhb bg Phyjhub*

#

Yostgch jgurkcusiuehr4 phrèeosos% phrgsos% gsphstoiobhb% tgcèkrgs% tkrtãikeos gsphscùboih% gsphscks% ihehc`rg bge gsiroògjtg% sãjbrkcg tgcpkrkchjboùehr% igaheghs tgjsokjhegs*

#

Yostgch fhstrkojtgstojhe4 trhstkrjks bg eh cktoeobhb gskaèfoih% ikekj orrothèg% ôeigrhs pïptoihs% ikeotos ueigrksh% ojikjtojgjioh agihe% bohrrgh aujiokjhe% gstrgøocogjtk% jèusghs y vùcotks*

# # #

Yostgch fgjotkurojhrok4 rgtgjioùj urojhroh% ojikjtojgjioh urojhroh% coiioùj gxigsovh* Yostgch jgrvoksk igjtrhe4 gpoegpsoh% bgcgjiohs* Yostgch rgsporhtkrok4 hsch*

# # #

Yostgch bgrchtkeùfoik4 jgurkbgrchtotos% urtoihroh% hijï* Yostgch vosuhe4 gstrhòsck% cokpãh% fehuikch* Yostgch gjbkirojk4 boh`gtgs*

# # #

Yostgch ojcujkeùfoik4 ièjigr% YOBH* Bkekr irùjoik% boscgjkrrgh* Ahioeothr ge iucpeocogjtk bg eks trhthcogjtks -cïboiks% psoikeùfoiks/*

# # #

\rgphrhioùj phrh ojtgrvgjiokjgs quorôrfoihs k phrtks* Hyubh gj eh rgiupgrhioùj y ikjvhegigjioh* Hpkyk gj gsthbks tgrcojhegs*

ÈPGH EH@KPHE # # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk phrh ùsihr gcpegk y supgrhr gjtrgvosths y prug`hs bg sgegiioùj* Gjtrgjhcogjtk gj tïijoihs rgqugrobhs pkr ge prkpok gcpegk* Cgdkrh bge rgjbocogjtk k prkbuitovobhb*

# # #

Ikjsgiuioùj bg chykrgs jovgegs bg shtosahiioùj eh`krhe* Gjtrgjhcogjtk y bgshrrkeek bg rgiursks pgrskjhegs* Cgdkrh bg ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ikcphøgrks y gjtrg dgags y su`krbojhbks*

# # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk gj borgiioùj bg krfhjozhiokjgs y frupks* Hucgjtk bg eh sgfurobhb gj ge trh`hdk* Rrhthcogjtk bg eh ojhbhpthioùj eh`krhe y h`hjbkjk bge trh`hdk*

# # #

Ikjtrke bge h`sgjtosck eh`krhe% rgtrhsks gj ge mkrhrok g ojbkegjioh* Ikjtrke bg rk`ks% murtks y sustrhiiokjgs* \rgphrhr he pgrskjhe phrh jugvhs thrghs% trh`hdks y prkagsokjgs*

#

\rgphrhioùj phrh eh sotuhioùj bg rgtork*

O\IY # 27

ÈPGH GBWIHROQH # # #

Gjsgøhjzh prkfrhchbh* Ojirgcgjtk bg ehs mhòeobhbgs bge chgstrk phrh ikjbuior eh iehsg* Ojirgcgjtk bge bgsgcpgøk hihbïcoik gj fgjgrhe y gj èrghs gspgiãaoihs*

# # #

Hucgjtk y cgdkrh bg ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ikcphøgrks* Ikjtrke bg ikjbuiths pgrtur`hbkrhs gj iehsg* Ckboaoihioùj bg ehs ikjbuiths bge chgstrk pkr phrtg bg eks heucjks*

# # #

Pgbuiioùj bg cogbks rgehiokjhbks ikj ge ikjtgxtk gsikehr* Pgbuiioùj bge h`sgjtosck gsikehr* Boscojuioùj bg eh hjsogbhb hjtg eks gxècgjgs*

# # #

Hucgjtk bg eh irghtovobhb* Bgshrrkeek bg ùgjks mèòtks bg gstubok* Rrhthcogjtk bge rgtrhsk gsikehr*

# #

Hucgjtk bg eh cktovhioùj phrh ge gstubok* Ikjsgiuioùj bg chykrgs jovgegs bg shtosahiioùj gsikehr*

ÈPGH BGE BG\KPRG # # #

Ikjtrke bg eks jovgegs bg hitovhioùj gckiokjhe hjtgs y bgspuïs bg eh ikcpgtoioùj* Cgdkrh bg eh gdgiuioùj burhjtg eh ikcpgtoioùj* Gjtrgjhcogjtk gj ehs tïijoihs gspgiãaoihs rgqugrobhs*

# # #

Ckboaoihioùj bg ehs htroùiokjgs bg ïxotk y arhihsk% cgdkrh bg eh hutkgstoch* Harkjthcogjtk bg sotuhiokjgs ikjaeoitovhs* Cgdkrh bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg ge gjtrgjhbkr y eks bgpkrtosths*

# #

Cgdkrh bg eh ikmgsoùj gjtrg eks cogc`rks bg uj gquopk* Hprgjbozhdg bg rgspugsths bg hutkikjtrke y bg jk rgspkjbgr h ehs prkvkihiokjgs bge pôèoik u ktrhs pgrskjhs*

O\IY # 21

ÈPGH IKCWJORHPOH # # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk ikj joøks gj rgskeuioùj bg prkègchs ojtgrpgrskjhegs y gj mhòeobhbgs skioh# egs* \rgphrhioùj phrh eh chtgrjobhb+phtgrjobhb* Gbuihioùj phrh eh sheub -jutroioùj% gdgrioiok% ikjtrke bg rotcks bg trh`hdk gxigsovks% mèòtks bg mofogjg ^p*gd*% ùikbgjtheS% eocothioùj bge heikmke% th`hik y ihagãjh/*

# # #

\rkfrhchs bg pehjoaoihioùj ahcoeohr* \rkfrhchs bg gbuihioùj sgxuhe y prgvgjioùj bg gjagrcgbhbgs bg trhjscosoùj sgxuhe* \rkfrhchs borofobks h eh gvheuhioùj y bosgøk k ihcòk bg hcògjtgs*

# #

\rkfrhchs bg gjtrgjhcogjtk borofobks h phrhprkagsokjhegs* \rkfrhchs borofobks h frupks bg pkèhioùj gspgiãaoiks thegs ikck chgstrks% pgrskjhe tutgehr% pgrskjhe shjothrok% pkeoiãhs% phiogjtgs psoquoètroiks% mopgrtgjsks% ihrboùphths% gstrgøobks% modks bg gsquozkarïjoiks% gti* Kiuphioùj bge togcpk bg kiok*

# # # #

Pghbhpthioùj bg duòehbks* Cgdkrh bg ikjboiokjgs bg vobh gj eh tgrigrh gbhb -mèòtks bg vobh% mhòeobhbgs bg hutkiuobh# bk% mhòeobhbgs skiohegs/* Wsk bge trhjspkrtg pôèoik*

# # #

Hmkrrk bg gjgrfãh -fhskeojh% gegitroiobhb% ihegahiioùj/* Gcpegk bg eks iojturkjgs bg sgfurobhb* Gjsgøhjzh y pktgjiohioùj bg ehs ikjbuiths bg sgfurobhb vohe*

# # #

Krfhjozhioùj bg gsphioks aãsoiks* Pgiupgrhioùj bg chtgrohegs rgioiehègs -vobrok% poehs/* \rgvgjioùj bg hrrkdhr `hsurhs gj eufhrgs ojhbgiuhbks*

#

\rkfrhchs rgsobgjiohegs4 igjtrks psoquoètroiks bg bãh k pgrchjgjtgs% rgsobgjiohs bg hjiohjks% igjtrks bg hikfobh bg bgeojiugjtgs duvgjoegs% igjtrks pgjotgjiohroks* \osks prktgfobks ikj phbrgs tutkrgs k ikj pgrskjhe tutkr jk rgsobgjtg*

#

O\IY # 26

PGAGPGJIOHY Hjbgrskj% G*C* y Ehc`grt% C*D* -8??7/* Ymkrt#tgrc byjhcoiheey krogjtgb psyimktmgrhpy4 H rgvogw hjb cgth#hjheysos* Ieo# joihe \syimkekfy Pgvogw% 87 % 7<9#782* Èvoeh% H* y \kim% D* -Ikkrbs*/* -8??2/* Chjuhe bg tïijoihs bg psoiktgrhpoh4 Wj gjakqug psoikhjheãtoik* Chbrob4 Yofek ]]O* @hngr% G*E* -8?==/* \soikhjèeosos y psoiktgrhpoh psoikhjheãtoih* Gj Y*D* Eojj y D*\* Fhrsng -Gbs*/% \soiktgrhpohs ikjtgcpkrè# jghs4 Ckbgeks y cïtkbks -pp* 9?#?1/* @oe`hk4 Bgsieïg bg @rkuwgr* -Krofojhe bg 8?=7*/ @grfoj% H*G* y Fhraogeb% Y*E* -Gbs*/* -8??2/* Mhjb`kkn ka psyimktmgrhpy hjb `gmhvokr imhjfg -2ª gb*/* Jugvh _krn4 Voegy* @grjstgoj% B*H* y Jogtzge% C*R* -8?==/* Ojtrkbuiioùj h eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih* Cïxoik4 CiFrhw#Moee* -Krofojhe bg 8?=<*/ @kjfhr% @*C* y @gutegr% E*G* -8??7/* Ikcprgmgjsovg tgxt`kkn ka psyimktmgrhpy4 Rmgkry hjb prhitoig * Jugvh _krn4 Kxakrb Wjovgrsoty \rgss* Ihrrkègs% D*H* -Gb*/* -8?=7/* Hjèeosos y ckboaoihioùj bg eh ikjbuith OO4 Hpeoihiokjgs ieãjoihs* Chbrob4 W*J*G*B* \rocgrh ujobhb% egiioùj 7* Ihsthjgbk% I* -8?=9/* Rgrhpoh fgsthet4 Gjakqug bge hquã y hmkrh * @hrigekjh4 Mgrbgr* Ikbgrim% D* -8??

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