El Proceso de Evaluación Tratamiento e Intervención Psicológica

Ge \rkigsk bg Gvheuhioùj Rrhthcogjtk g Ojtgrvgjioùj \soikeùfoih Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Gufgjo Fhriãh Frhu

Ge \rkigsk bg Gvheuhioùj Rrhthcogjtk g Ojtgrvgjioùj \soikeùfoih

Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Bkitkr

gj \soikekfãh y prkagskr totuehr bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtk \soikeùfoik bg eh Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh* Mh pu`eoihbk vhroks eo`rks% ihpãtueks bg eo`rks y hrtãiueks gj rgvosths iogjtãaoihs% eh chykrãh sk`rg trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb* Gs psoiùekfk gspgioheosth gj \soikekfãh Ieãjoih y ikborgitkr bg eh Wjobhb bg Rgrhpoh bg Ikjbuith% uj sgrvoiok bg hsostgjioh psoikeùfoih bg eh Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh bg eh Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh% bkjbg trh`hdh gj thrghs bg ojvgstofhioùj% eh`kr ieãjoih y akrchioùj bg tgrhpguths*

Gufgjo Fhriãh Frhu \rkagskr totuehr bg eh Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh bg eh Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh y \soiùekfk Gspgioheosth gj \soikekfãh Ieãjoih* Akrchj phrtg bg eh Wjobhb bg Rgrhpoh bg Ikjbuith% uj sgrvoiok hsostgjiohe bg eh Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh% y togjgj jucgrkshs pu`eoihiokjgs sk`rg eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub*

Bgphrthcgjtk bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtks \soikeùfoiks

\rkigsk # 8

Ahiuetht bg \soikekfoh Bgphrthcgjt bg \grskjheotht% Hvheuhioù o Rrhithcgjt \soikeðfois

GE \PKIGYK BG GQHEWHIOÙJ _ RPHRHCOGJRK Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Gufgjo Fhriãh Frhu Bgphrthcgjtk bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtk \soikeùfoiks Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh% Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh 0= bg kitu`rg bg 0<
\rkigsk # 0

OJRPKBWIIOÙJ Gj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj y trhthcogjtk bg eks prk`egchs prgsgjthbks pkr ujh pgrskjh sg mhj bostojfuobk cès k cgjks ahsgs sgfôj eks hutkrgs% hujqug eks phsks aujbhcgjthegs h sgfuor skj socoehrgs gj tkbks eks ihsks -Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks% 8??2> Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks y Ihrrk`egs% 8?=8> Fkbky% 8??8> Frhøh% 0<<7> Cuøkz% 8??9% 0<<0% 0<<=/* Jksktrks bostojfuorgcks ehs so# fuogjtgs sogtg ahsgs gj ge prkigsk bg ojtgrvgjioùj4 8/ 0/ 9/ 2/ 7/ 1/ 6/

Ikjthitk ojoiohe y hjèeososbgbge prk`egch* Akrcuehioùj y ikjtrhstg mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs* Gsth`egiocogjtk bg k`dgtovks* Bosgøk bge trhthcogjtk* Hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk y gvheuhioùj burhjtg ge cosck* Gvheuhioùj trhs ge trhthcogjtk y tgrcojhioùj bge cosck* Ygfuocogjtk*

Gsth boagrgjiohioùj gjtrg ahsgs togjg socpegcgjtg uj k`dgtovk bobèitoik* _h ikj ge procgr ikjthitk ikj ge ieogjtg surfgj ehs procgrhs mopùtgsos y iogrths hituhiokjgs bge tgrhpguth prkbuigj ihc`oks gj ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bge phiogjtg* Eh akrcuehioùj y hjèeosos bge prk`egch pugbg prksg# fuor k rgsurfor burhjtg eh ojtgrvgjioùj bg`obk h eh hphroioùj bg jugvks bhtks k h eh ikjsobgrhioùj bg jugvks prk`egchs% ehs mopùtgsos ojoiohegs pugbgj ihc`ohr gj aujioùj bg eh jugvh ojakrchioùj bospkjo`eg% uj ieogjtg pugbg sgr bgrovhbk jk sùek he ikcogjzk bg eh tgrhpoh% gti* Jk gs jgigshrok bgior qug eh rgheozhioùj hbgiuhbh bge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj rgquogrg uj ik# jkiocogjtk ek cès gxtgjsk pkso`eg higrih bg ehs aujiokjgs psoikeùfoihs% eh ikvhrohioùj gjtrg rgs# pugsths% eks aujbhcgjtks aosokeùfoiks y jgurkeùfoiks bge ikcpkrthcogjtk% ehs `hsgs skiohegs bge cosck% eh psoikekfãh bge hprgjbozhdg% eh psoikphtkekfãh% eks cïtkbks g ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj% gti* Ofuhecgjtg% ehs mh`oeobhbgs pgrskjhegs bge psoiùekfk y su gxpgrogjioh prkagsokjhe ikjtro`uorèj he chykr k cgjkr ïxotk bg eh gcprgsh* 8

IKJRHIRK OJOIOHE _ HJÈEOYOY BGE \PK@EGCH Eks k`dgtovks bg gsth ahsg skj gxpeoihr eh ikjaobgjioheobhb bg eh ojakrchioùj y sus eãcotgs> gsth`egigr ujh `ugjh rgehioùj ikj ge phiogjtg> obgjtoaoihr% gxpekrhr y gspgioaoihr eks prk`egchs bg gstg> bgtgrcojhr iuèegs skj hqugeehs vhroh`egs rgehiokjhbhs ikj ge surfocogjtk% bgshrrkeek y chj# tgjocogjtk bg eks coscks> y bgrovhr he phiogjtg gj ihsk bg jk pkbgr shtosahigr hbgiuhbhcgjtg sus bgchjbhs* Fgjgrhecgjtg% iuhjbk uj ieogjtg quogrg skeoiothr hsostgjioh gj uj igjtrk ieãjoik% sugeg eehchr pkr tgeïakjk* Gj gsg ckcgjtk sg eg pobgj eks bhtks pgrskjhegs `èsoiks -jkc`rg% gbhb% borgiioùj% tgeïakjk% prkagsoùj/ y sg eg skeoioth ojakrchioùj sk`rg ge cktovk bg su ikjsueth y hqugeeks bhtks cès rgegvhjtgs rgehtovks he prk`egch* Pgikfgr gsth ojakrchioùj pgrcotg4 h/ Mhigr ujh sgegiioùj ojoiohe bg ieogjtgs y bgrovhr h hqugeeks qug% pkr su frhvgbhb k topk bg prk`egch% jk sg gstï gj ikjboiokjgs bg trhthr* `/ Qhekrhr eh urfgjioh ikj eh qug ge ieogjtg bg`g sgr htgjbobk* Yo uj ieogjtg jk pubogrh sgr rgio`obk ikj eh rhpobgz qug su ihsk rgquogrg% bg`grãh sgr bgrovhbk h ktrk prkagsokjhe* \kr ktrh phrtg% so ge prk`egch jk gs urfgjtg pgrk gxostg eosth bg gspgrh% ge ieogjtg bg`g sgr oj# akrchbk bg geek phrh qug bgiobh so quogrg gspgrhr k prgaogrg hiubor h ktrk igjtrk* Gj gstg

\rkigsk # 9

ôetock ihsk pugbgj prkpkriokjèrsgeg eks tgeïakjks bg ktrhs ojstotuiokjgs k fh`ojgtgs* i/ \rgphrhr hjtgs bg eh procgrh gjtrgvosth ge chtgrohe bg gvheuhioùj qug% gj projiopok% sg ikjsobgrg qug gs prk`h`eg gcpeghr -fuãh bg gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks% gsihehs y+k hutkrrg# fostrks/* Bg tkbks ckbks% ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug% ikj rgehtovh argiugjioh% ge ckto# vk bg ikjsueth gxprgshbk pkr ge ieogjtg he skeoiothr vosoth jk ikojiobg ikj ge ojakrchbk bu# rhjtg eh sgsoùj* Gj gstks ihsks% sgrè jgigshrok bgiobor burhjtg eh sgsoùj ge chtgrohe h utoeo# zhr* Wjh vgz qug ge ieogjtg hiubg% trhs sheubhreg% prgsgjthrsg y ikcprk`hr qug gstè gj ikjboiokjgs bg rgheozhr ujh gjtrgvosth%`èsoiks -ihsk bg qug jkagimh sg pksghj/ k sg ikjaorchj sg k`togjgj eks bhtks pgr# skjhegs y bgckfrèaoiks ^jkc`rg y hpgeeobks% bg jhiocogjtk% borgiioùj y tgeïakjk% jovge bg gstuboks% kiuphioùj hituhe y sotuhioùj eh`krhe% jovge gikjùcoik% gsthbk iovoe% jôcgrk% gbhb y sgxk bg eks modks% ikj quoïj sg vovg% ahcoeoh bg krofgj -fgjkfrhch/S y quoïj eg mh gjvohbk k bhbk rgagrgjiohs phrh vgjor* H phrtor bg eh ojakrchioùj prkpkriokjhbh pkr ge phiogjtg% pugbg ojoiohrsg ujh ikjvgrshioùj skiohe `rgvg phrh rkcpgr ge mogek* Gstk thc`oïj mh pkbobk mhigr hjtgs gcpeghjbk tùpoiks ikck ge togcpk% hefujh ojakrchioùj bhbh tgegaùjoihcgjtg pkr ge ieogjtg -p*gd*% modks% gjagrcgbhb bg uj ahcoeohr% uj vohdg/% hefk bgsthih`eg qug mh kiurrobk gj ge bãh% hefujh iksh qug sg ojaogrg bg hefk qug ge ieogjtg eegvh gjioch -p*gd*% ujh ojsofjoh bgpkrtovh/% gti* Ek sofuogjtg gs gxpeoihr gj fgjgrhe ge prkigsk bg gjtrgvosth qug sg sgfuorè% ojakrchr bge togcpk bospkjo`eg phrh eh cosch y bgior he ieogjtg qug eh ojakrchioùj qug sg eg pobh sgrè ikjao# bgjiohe shevk hqugeeks ihsks gj qug ge ieogjtg hcgjhzh ikj ojarojfor uj bhøk frhvg h ktrhs pgrsk# jhs k h sã cosck k ojakrch qug ek gstè mhiogjbk -p*gd*% chetrhtk k h`usk sgxuhe bg cgjkrgs k bg pgrskjhs qug jk pugbgj bhr su ikjsgjtocogjtk% ojtgjtk bg mkcoiobok k suoiobok/* Yg eg gxpeoih thc`oïj qug% he ofuhe qug gj eks bgcès ihsks% eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh pugbg sgr ikcphrtobh ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs bge igjtrk* Yo sg bgsgh qug eh gjtrgvosth sgh k`sgrvhbh% borgith k ojborgithcgj# tg% pkr gstubohjtgs gj prèitoihs% bg`grè pgborsg ge ikjsgjtocogjtk prgvok bge phiogjtg* H ikjtojuh# ioùj% sg eg hvosh qug sg tkchrèj jkths burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth y sg eg bh ujh rhzùj phrh geek* Hso# cosck% y so gs ge ihsk% sg eg skeoioth pgrcosk phrh frh`hr eh gjtrgvosth y sg dustoaoih eh ikjvg# jogjioh bg eh frh`hioùj* Gs aujbhcgjthe gsth`egigr ujh hitotub gcpètoih y ikrbohe mhioh ge ieogjtg* Bgboihrsg sùek h k`tgjgr ojakrchioùj pugbg eegvhr h vgr he tgrhpguth ikck ojsgjso`eg% ek iuhe tgjbrè gagitks pgrdu# boiohegs gj eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih y gj eh ikeh`krhioùj bge phiogjtg* Eh gcphtãh ocpeoih sh`gr gsiuimhr% ckstrhr ojtgrïs vgr`he y jk vgr`hecgjtg gj ikcprgjbgr eks pujtks bg vosth bge ieogjtg y vgroaoihr ikj gstg ge frhbk gj qug sg mhj ikcprgjbobk sus pujtks bg vosth> gstg sh`gr vgr ehs ikshs ikck ehs vg ge ktrk bg`g mhigrsg soj ocpeoihrsg gckiokjhecgjtg y chjtgjogjbk eh chykr k`dgtovo# bhb pkso`eg* Eh ikrboheobhb ocpeoih gxprgshr vgr`he y jk vgr`hecgjtg ojtgrïs pkr ge ieogjtg y hprgiok y higpthioùj% hsã ikck èjock y hprk`hioùj iuhjbk sgh kpkrtujk* \kr ktrh phrtg% gs eh`kr bge tgrhpguth ikjsgfuor qug eks phiogjtgs sg sogjthj ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg sgfurks y ikjaohbks ikck phrh pkbgr gxprgshr sus bubhs% prgfujths% rgsgrvhs y tgckrgs* Jk mhigregs ihsk% ikrthregs k iroto# ihregs ikjbuig h ujh rgehioùj bg pkih ikjaohjzh qug ahvkrgig ge rgtrhocogjtk% ge gjfhøk g ojieusk ge h`hjbkjk* Hefujks psoiùekfks ojtgjthj rgikfgr burhjtg gsth ahsg eh chykr ihjtobhb bg ojakrchioùj pk# so`eg `hdk ge supugstk bg qug hsã sg ekfrhrè ujh cgdkr ikcprgjsoùj bge prk`egch* Yoj gc`hrfk% gstk% hphrtg bge ikstg qug supkjg% pugbg eegvhr h ujh hiucuehioùj bgskrfhjozhbh bg bhtks y h duo# ioks gjfhøksks* Eh iheobhb bg eh gvheuhioùj bg`g prochr sk`rg eh ihjtobhb*

Eks hspgitks qug sg ojbhfhj skj eks sofuogjtgs4 cktovk bg ikjsueth y ktrks pkso`egs prk# `egchs> hjèeosos bge prk`egch gj eh hituheobhb> mostkroh bge prk`egch> trhthcogjtks prgvoks y hi# tuhegs> cktovhioùj% k`dgtovks y gxpgithtovhs> rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg> trhstkrjks psoik# eùfoiks hskiohbks y trhstkrjks hjtgrokrgs> y iogrths èrghs `èsoihs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg*

\rkigsk # 2

\hrh k`tgjgr gsth ojakrchioùj% sg gcpogzh gcpeghjbk eh gjtrgvosth -ikj eh k`sgrvhioùj ik# rrgspkjbogjtg burhjtg eh cosch/% eh iuhe pugbg sgr ikcpegcgjthbh pkr iugstokjhroks fgjgrhegs -iugstokjhrok hutk`okfrèaoik% eosthbk bg prk`egchs% Kutikcg Xugstokjjhorg#27% Yycptkc Imgin# eost#?<#P/ y bhtks bg hrimovk* Eugfk% phrh hcpeohr% prgioshr y ikjtrhsthr eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh% sg hpeoihj ktrks cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gjtrg eks qug sg gjiugjtrhj eks iugstokjhroks gspgiãaoiks% eh gjtrgvosth h ktrhs pgrskjhs% ge hutkrrgfostrk% eh k`sgrvhioùj -gj sotuhiokjgs socuehbhs% hrtoaoioh# egs k jhturhegs/% eks rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks -pkik gcpeghbks gj ieãjoih/ y eks gxècgjgs cïbo# iks* Iuhjbk sg gjtrgvosth h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% gs jgigshrok pgbor pgrcosk he ieogjtg y prgfuj# threg h gstg quï phrtg bg eh ojakrchioùj qug mh bhbk sg pugbg ikcujoihr gj ihsk jgigshrok y iuèe jk> gsth cosch prgfujth bg`g mhigrsg h eh pgrskjh heegfhbh*

CKROQK BG IKJYWERH _ KRPKY \PK@EGCHY Yg pobg he ieogjtg qug gxpeoqug ikj bgtheeg quï gs ek qug eg phsh* Ikjvogjg jk ojtgrrucporeg mhsth qug tgrcojg su jhrrhioùj% pgrk bg`gj ckstrhrsg ehs kpkrtujhs sgøhegs vgr`hegs y jk vgr`hegs bg gsiuimh y% ihsk bg qug sg cugstrg cuy prgkiuphbk pkr hefk% bhreg ojakrchioùj trhjquoeozhbkrh gj eh cgbobh bg ek pkso`eg* Mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs prgfujths k iehroaoihiokjgs prgchturhs pugbgj sgsfhr eh ojakrchioùj prkpkriokjhbh pkr ge ieogjtg gj eh borgiioùj bg ehs pgrigpiokjgs bge tgrhpguth y pugbgj thc`oïj ojmo`or eh ikcujoihioùj bg bgtgrcojhbh ojakrchioùj* Yo uj ieogjtg augrh cuy gsiugtk gj su gxpksoioùj% bg`g hjocèrsgeg h kargigr ujh jhrrhioùj cès gxtgjsh* Wjh vgz qug ge ieogjtg mh ikjthbk ek qug eg phsh% sg mhig uj `rgvg rgsucgj qug ocpeoqug qug sg ikcprgjbg ek qug mh gxpeoihbk y iùck sg sogjtg* Bg gstg ckbk% sg ikjsofugj vhroks k`dg# tovks4 bhr ujh gstruiturh h eh ojakrchioùj rgikfobh% ikcujoihr he ieogjtg qug sg eg ikcprgjbg y pgrcotoreg ikrrgfor ehs pgrigpiokjgs grrùjghs bge tgrhpguth* Eugfk% gj eufhr bg phshr h igjtrhrsg yh bg gjtrhbh gj ge prk`egch prgsgjthbk pkr ge ieogjtg -gstk pugbg mhigr qug jk sg bgtgitgj ktrks prk`egchs ofuhe k cès ocpkrthjtgs/% sg eg prg# fujth so% hphrtg bge prk`egch gxpugstk% togjg ktrks pkso`egs prk`egchs * Yo ge ieogjtg rgikjkig hefôj prk`egch hboiokjhe% mhy qug sgfuor prgfujthjbk gj fgjgrhe pkr eh pkso`eg gxostgjioh bg ktrks pkso`egs prk`egchs mhsth qug eh rgspugsth sgh jgfhtovh* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth% bg tkbks ckbks% qug uj ieogjtg pugbg jk rgikjkigr k hbcotor ktrks prk`egchs gj gsth procgrh sgsoùj% pgrk mhigrek cès hbgehjtg iuhjbk tgjfh cès ikjaohjzh ikj ge tgrhpguth*

Yo ge ieogjtg ojakrch bg ktrks prk`egchs% sg eg pobg qug mh`eg sk`rg eks coscks phrh mhigrsg ujh obgh he rgspgitk> ge tgrhpguth skeoiothrè cès ojakrchioùj iuhjtk cès ocpkrthjtg eg phrgzih ge prk`egch* Wjh vgz obgjtoaoihbks bostojtks prk`egchs% sg prkpkriokjh he ieogjtg uj `rgvg rgsucgj y sg eg pobg qug eks krbgjg sgfôj ge frhbk gj qug supkjgj ujh pgrtur`hioùj k ojtgragrgj# ioh gj su vobh* H ikjtojuhioùj% sg bgiobg iuèe bg eks prk`egchs obgjtoaoihbks sg h`krbhrè gj procgr eufhr y gj quï krbgj orèj eks sofuogjtgs* Ge irotgrok fgjgrhe h sgfuor gs eh chykr k cgjkr frhvgbhb bg eks prk`egchs* Yoj gc`hrfk% so ge prk`egch bg chykr frhvgbhb jk gs ge qug cès prg# kiuph he ieogjtg% pugbg ikcgjzhrsg pkr ge prk`egch qug cès eg ojquogth phrh qug jk sg sogjth oj# ikcprgjbobk* Eugfk% trhs ujh gxpekrhioùj cès k cgjks gxtgjsh% mh bg vkevgrsg he prk`egch cès frhvg* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug jk tkbks eks prk`egchs mhj bg gvheuhrsg ikj eh cosch prk# aujbobhb> gsth bgpgjbgrè bg eh ocpkrthjioh bg eks coscks y bg eh bospksoioùj bge ieogjtg phrh trhthreks* \kr ktrh phrtg% so ge ieogjtg bgsgh h`krbhr hefôj prk`egch gj ujh ahsg pkstgrokr% eh gvh# euhioùj gj prkaujbobhb pugbg rgsgrvhrsg phrh boimk ckcgjtk* Hikrbhbk ge prk`egch qug sg h`krbhrè gj procgr eufhr% sg gxpeoih eh jgigsobhb bg k`tgjgr

\rkigsk # 7

ujh ojakrchioùj cès bgtheehbh hjtgs bg pkbgr bgiobor ge trhthcogjtk cès hbgiuhbk y% bg hmã% ge mgimk bg qug sg vhyhj h rgheozhr prgfujths sk`rg ge prk`egch prgsgjthbk y eks gegcgjtks rgehiok# jhbks ikj ïe% eh mostkroh bge prk`egch% eks trhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs ojtgjthbks y eks k`dgto# vks qug sg quogrgj ikjsgfuor* Aojhecgjtg% sg ojboih he ieogjtg qug pugbg mhigr ehs prgfujths y skeoiothr ehs hiehrhiokjgs qug bgsgg thjtk burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth ikck he aojhe bg gsth*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks4 gjtrgvosth ikj ge ieogjtg y ikj ktrhs pgrskjhs% iugstokjh# roks fgjgrhegs -iugstokjhrok hutk`okfrèaoik% eosthbk bg prk`egchs% Kutikcg Xugstokjjhorg#27% Yycptkc Imgineost#?<#P/% k`sgrvhioùj burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth% bhtks bg hrimovk*

HJÈEOYOY BGE \PK@EGCH GJ EH HIRWHEOBHB Eks ahitkrgs qug togjg gj iugjth ge psoiùekfk ieãjoik he gvheuhr ge prk`egch bg uj ieogjtg skj bg topk pgrskjhe -ikjbuiths cktkrhs% hitovobhbgs ikfjotovhs% rgspugsths hutùjkchs y rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs/ y hc`ogjthe -aãsoiks y skiohegs/* Rhc`oïj skj ocpkrthjtgs gj cuimks ihsks ehs gx# pekrhiokjgs cïboihs rgheozhbhs pkr uj prkagsokjhe bg eh cgboiojh y borofobhs h bgtgithr eh pkso`eg gxostgjioh bg gjagrcgbhbgs y vhroh`egs `okeùfoihs rgehiokjhbhs ikj eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg*

Qhroh`egs pgrskjhegs Bgjtrk bg ehs vhroh`egs pgrskjhegs sg bostojfugj ehs ikjbuiths cktkrhs% ehs hitovobhbgs ikfjo# tovhs% ehs rgspugsths hutùjkchs y ehs rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs* #

Ehs ikjbuiths cktkrhs skj ge prkbuitk bg eh hiioùj bge sostgch cusiuekgsqugeïtoik g ojieu# ygj ek qug ge ieogjtg mhig k boig y ge jovge bge tkjk cusiuehr* Gdgcpeks4 ikcpuesokjgs% thrth# cubgk% gxprgsoùj bg kpojokjgs% pgtoioùj bg ihc`oks% ikjthitk vosuhe% tkjk bg vkz% rgsporh# ioùj% tgjsoùj cusiuehr gegvhbh* Mh sobk usuhe ojieuor h gsths bks ôetochs gjtrg ehs rgspugsths aosokeùfoihs iuhjbk sg bostojfugj ôjoihcgjtg trgs sostgchs bg rgspugsth -cktkr% ikfjotovk% ao# sokeùfoik/* Yoj gc`hrfk% gsth ôetoch iehsoaoihioùj togjg ge ojikjvgjogjtg bg qug ehs ihtgfkrãhs jk skj gxieuygjtgs4 »Hihsk ek cktkr y ek ikfjotovk jk skj aosokeùfoiks;

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Ehs ikfjoiokjgs skj hikjtgiocogjtks ojtgrjks% ikjsiogjtgs k jk% qug ocpeoihj uj prkigsh# cogjtk bg eh ojakrchioùj h jovge bge sostgch jgrvoksk igjtrhe* Yg ojieuygj4 *

Gsqugchs% gs bgior ge ckbk gj qug eh ojakrchioùj gs ojtgrjhcgjtg krfhjozhbh y rgprg# sgjthbh gj eh cgckroh* Gj ge èrgh ieãjoih sg mh`eh bg supugstks y irggjiohs cès k cgjks fgjgrhegs y gsth`egs higrih bg sã cosck% eks ktrks% ge cujbk y ge auturk qug bgtgrcojhj eh akrch bg vgr ehs ikshs> pkr gdgcpek% ―sky uj arhihshbk–% ―so ikcgtk uj grrkr% sofjoaoih qug sky uj ojgptk–*

*

ojieuygj eh pgrigpioùj% htgjioùj% cgckroh -rgtgjioùj% rgiupgrh# \rkigsks ikfjotovksg* Yg ioùj/% rhzkjhcogjtk ojtgrprgthioùj* Eks supugstks y irggjiohs qug togjg ujh pgrskjh ah# ioeothj eh kiurrgjioh bg iogrtks sgsfks y grrkrgs gj ge prkigshcogjtk bg eh ojakrchioùj th# egs ikck htgjioùj sgegitovh -htgjbgr sùek h eks aheeks qug ujk ikcgtg/% cgckroh sgegitovh -rgikrbhr sùek ehs ikshs jgfhtovhs/% sk`rgfgjgrheozhioùj -ojtgrprgthr uj jk h ujh ioth ik# ck gvobgjioh bg qug jk sg tgjbrè ïxotk gj ioths pkstgrokrgs/ k pgjshcogjtk boiktùcoik -p*gd*% pgjshr qug eh fgjtg gs `ugjh k cheh/* \gjshcogjtks ikjirgtks qug hphrgigj gj sotuhiokjgs gspgiãaoihs gj akrch bg hutkvgr`h# eozhiokjgs k ocèfgjgs> pkr gdgcpek% "vky h tgjgr uj hthqug ihrbãhik"% "jk cgrgig eh pg# jh vovor"* Gstks pgjshcogjtks skj ge rgsuethbk bg eh ojtgrhiioùj bg eh ojakrchioùj pgrio#

*

\rkigsk # 1

`obh% eks prkigsks ikfjotovks y eks gsqugchs* #

Ehs rgspugsths hutùjkchs skj ge prkbuitk bg eh hiioùj bge sostgch jgrvoksk socpètoik y phrhsocpètoik y bge sostgch mkrckjhe* Gdgcpeks4 thquoihrboh% prgsoùj shjfuãjgh gegvhbh% su# bkrhioùj% skjrkdhcogjtk% `kih sgih% hitovobhb gegitrkbgrche% tgcpgrhturh ikrpkrhe% jèusghs% chrgks*

#

Ehs rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs sg rgaogrgj h eks sgjtocogjtks su`dgtovks bge ieogjtg* Gdgcpeks4 hjsogbhb% cogbk% trostgzh% gjahbk% rh`oh% hegfrãh% pehigr% bgshsksogfk*

Gs mh`otuhe utoeozhrehs gj uj sgjtobk hcpeok ybgehsakrch qug ojieuyh ge tïrcojk ikcpkrthcogjtk ehs ikjbuiths cktkrhs% hitovobhbgs ikfjotovhs% ehs rgspugsths hutùjkchs rghiiokjgs gck# iokjhegs*

Qhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs Ehs vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs pugbgj sgr aãsoihs y skiohegs*

AÃYOIHY Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg ujh ihrrgtgrh -p*gd*% # iurvhs% hcpeotub/ pugbgj ojiobor gj eh hj# sogbhb qug gxpgrocgjth ujh pgrskjh ikj cogbk h ikjbuior*

YKIOHEGY Eh hsujioùj pkr phrtg bg ktrks bg ehs rgs# pkjsh`oeobhbgs qug pkr su cogbk gvoth uj hfkrhaù`oik ikjtro`uyg h chjtgjgr ge cog# bk y eh gvothioùj*

#

Ge ruobk hc`ogjthe gegvhbk pugbg ahioeothr # qug ujh pgrskjh sg sogjth orrothbh*

Wj ikcgjthrok mkstoe pugbg ahioeothr ujh rghiioùj hfrgsovh*

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Eh gstruiturh y bospksoioùj bg ujh sheh # hagith he jovge bg hjsogbhb bg ujh pgrskjh ikj cogbk h mh`ehr gj pô`eoik*

Ge ckbk gj qug eks phbrgs bhj ehs ojstrui# iokjgs h uj joøk pugbg ojiobor gj eh ikjbui# th bg bgsk`gbogjioh*

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Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eks phsoeeks bge cgtrk # -eucojksobhb% hcpeotub% gti*/ pugbgj ojiobor gj eh hjsogbhb qug gxpgrocgjth ujh pgrskjh ikj hfkrhak`oh*

Eh phsovobhb bg eh cudgr hjtg ge chetrhtk bg eks modks pkr phrtg bge chrobk ahvkrgig eh ikjtojuobhb bge chetrhtk*

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Eks k`dgtovks h eh mkrh bg hjheozhr ge prk`egch hituhe bg uj ieogjtg skj4 h/ Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr eks bostojtks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prk`egch * \kr gdgcpek% ehs sgjshiokjgs hjsoùfgjhs% eks hthqugs bg pèjoik% ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs bg pgeofrk% ehs ikj# buiths bgagjsovhs -p*gd*% bostrhgrsg/ y eh gvothioùj bg ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs gj ge ihsk bg eh hfkrhak`oh* `/ Gsth`egigr ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg eks boagrgjtgs ikcpkjgjtgs bge prk`egch* Hsã% iuhjbk uj hfkrhaù`oik gxpgrocgjth iogrths sgjshiokjgs ikrpkrhegs gj ujh sotuhioùj bgtgrcojhbh% gs cès prk`h`eg qug ehs ojtgrprgtg ikck sofjk bg pgeofrk -p*gd*% bgschyk% ojahrtk% hpkpeg# dãh/% ek iuhe ahioeoth qug hbkptg iogrths ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs -p*gd*% tkch bg cgboihioùj% gsihpg/ y qug gvotg harkjthr eh sotuhioùj gj kihsokjgs pkstgrokrgs* H su vgz% gsth gvothioùj hyubh h chjtgjgr eh hjsogbhb y ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs bg pgeofrk* i/ Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr ktrhs vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs k pgrskjhegs qug ikjtro`uygj hituhecgjtg he chjtgjocogjtk bge prk`egch* \kr gdgcpek% gj ge ihsk bg eh hfkrhak`oh%

\rkigsk # 6

pugbgj ojaeuor ktrks ahitkrgs thegs ikck sotuhiokjgs bg ikjaeoitk ojtgrpgrskjhe% prk`egchs eh`krhegs% rghiiokjgs bg eh ahcoeoh% `hdh eh`krhe% jovge fgjgrhe bg hitovhioùj y prgkiuph# ioùj fgjgrhe pkr eh sheub* b/ Gsth`egigr ehs pkso`egs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ehs vhroh`egs qug ikjtro`uygj h chjtgjgr ge prk`egch hsã ikck gjtrg gsths y eks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prk`egch * Ehs sotuhiokjgs bg ikjaeoitk ojtgrpgrskjhe y eks prk`egchs eh`krhegs pugbgj hucgjthr ge jovge fgjgrhe bg hi# tovhioùj y ehs sgjshiokjgs hjsoùfgjhs% ehs iuhegs pugbgj ahioeothr uj hthqug bg pèjoik* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs rghiiokjgs sk`rgprktgitkrhs bg eh ahcoeoh y eh `hdh eh`krhe pugbgj ikjtro# `uor h chjtgjgr ehs ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj hfkrhaù`oihs*

K`dgtovk 84 Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr eks bostojtks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prk`egch* Mhy prk`egchs ikck eh gjurgsos% ge ojskcjok% eh bosaujioùj grïitoe k eh hjkrfhscoh qug pug# bgj bgaojorsg gj tïrcojks bg ujh ikjbuith hosehbh4 krojhrsg gj eh ihch% jk pkbgr ikjioeohr ge sugøk% jk ikjsgfuor k chjtgjgr ujh grgiioùj k jk ekfrhr uj krfhsck* Ktrks prk`egchs sg bgaojgj ikck uj sãjbrkcg k ikjdujtk bg ikjbuiths ojtgrrgehiokjhbhs y phrh geek gs argiugjtg tkchr ikck rgagrgjioh krogjthtovh eks irotgroks bohfjùstoiks bge BYC#OQ k eh IOG#8<* Mhy qug ikjsobgrhr jk sùek ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs pkr gxigsk -p*gd*% ojsuethr k pgfhr h ktrks/% sojk thc`oïj hqugeehs pkr bgagitk -p*gd*% sgr pkik hsgrtovk% jk sh`gr gjtgjbgr ge pujtk bg vosth bge ktrk/* H ikjtojuhioùj% sg prgsgjthj bks gdgcpeks bg prk`egchs bgaojobks ikck uj ikjdujtk bg ikjbuiths*

HFKPHAK@OH Ygjshiokjgs hjsoùfgjhs

Ojtgrprgthiokjgs jk hbhpthtovhs4 tgjgr uj hthqug ihrbãhik% pkjgrsg h frothr% gti*

Hthqugs bg pèjoik Gvothioùj sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs

Ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs

HJKPG]OH JGPQOKYH \gsk ojagrokr he =7' bge qug sgrãh bgsgh`eg

\rgkiuphioùj ojtgjsh pkr ge pgsk k eh aofurh

Pgstroiioùj heocgjthroh

Ikjbuiths ikcpgjshtkrohs -p*gd*% gdgrioiok/

\rkigsk # =

Gj bgaojotovh% sg trhth bg gsth`egigr ek qug ge ieogjtg mhig% pogjsh y sogjtg % y bgtgrcojhr eh ocpkrthjioh bg ihbh ujk bg gstks hspgitks gj ge prk`egch k prk`egchs qug prgsgjth* \kr gdgcpek% eks gsqugchs ikfjotovks skj aujbhcgjthegs h eh mkrh bg bgaojor eks trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb% h boagrgjioh bg ek qug kiurrg gj eks trhstkrjks pkr tois* Iuhjbk mhy vhrohs pgrskjhs ocpeoihbhs -phrgdh% ahcoeoh/% gs prk`h`eg qug ek qug sg prgsgjth ikck prk`egch bg ujh sgh gj rgheobhb uj prk`egch bg vhrohs* Gj gstg ihsk sg rgquogrg uj hiugrbk he rgspgitk hjtgs bg prksgfuor ikj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj* \ugbg bgsiu`rorsg thc`oïj qug uj ieogjtg prgsgjth iogrtks prk`egchs qug jk mh cgjiokjh# gdgcpek% ojshtosagimk uj phiogjtg gj pugbg ojboihrpgrk qug ge`g`g gj gxigsk% qug togjg ikjaeoitks chrothegs bk* \kr qug sg gjiugjtrh ge trh`hdk% tgrhpguth ikcprug`h hbgcès qug thjtk su ikj#y buith gj eh gjtrgvosth ikck eks ojakrcgs qug ge ieogjtg bh sk`rg sus ojtgrhiiokjgs gj ge trh`hdk y ikj su cudgr ojboihj uj iehrk bïaoiot bg ikjbuith hsgrtovh* Gstks jugvks prk`egchs bg`gj sgr bos# iutobks ikj ge ieogjtg* Gj hefujks ihsks% jk cuy argiugjtgs% uj ieogjtg pugbg ikjsuethr pkr uj prk`egch qug rghe# cgjtg jk ek gs* Hsã% ujh pgrskjh chykr pugbg qugdhrsg bg prk`egchs bg sugøk pkrqug bugrcg sùek 7 mkrhs gj vgz bg ehs = qug irgg qug bg`g bkrcor% hujqug su sugøk sgh ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg rgphrhbkr* K `ogj ujks phbrgs pugbgj ikjsuethr pkr eh gxigsovh mopgrhitovobhb bg su modk bg 2 høks% eh iuhe gstè% soj gc`hrfk% bgjtrk bg eh jkrch* Gj gsths sotuhiokjgs ge psoiùekfk ojtgjthrè qug eks ieogjtgs bgdgj bg pgrio`or eh sotuhioùj ikck prk`egcètoih y eh higptgj*

K`dgtovk 04 Gsth`egigr ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg eks boagrgjtgs ikcpkjgjtgs bge prk`egch* Hbgcès bg obgjtoaoihr eks gegcgjtks iehvg bge prk`egch bge ieogjtg gs jgigshrok bgtgrcojhr ehs rgehiokjgs qug gxostgj gjtrg geeks* Wjks pugbgj sgr hjtgigbgjtgs k ikjsgiugjiohs bg ktrks -vïhsg cès h`hdk/* \kr gdgcpek% iuhjbk ujh pgrskjh ikj trhstkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk iogrrh eh eehvg bge fhs% togjg pgjshcogjtks k`sgsovks -―»Ygfurk qug ek mg igrrhbk `ogj; \kbrãh mh`gr ujh gxpeksoùj so jk ek ikcprug`k–/ qug eg ihushj hjsogbhb y eg ikjbuigj h rgheozhr ikcprk`hiokjgs ikcpuesovhs* Gsths prkbuigj uj heovok tgcpkrhe% pgrk ikjtro`uygj h chjtgjgr eh hjsogbhb y eks pgjshcogjtks k`sgsovks*

\rkigsk # ?

RPHYRKPJK K@YGYOQK#IKC\WEYOQK Iogrrh eh eehvg bg phsk bge fhs \gjshcogjtks k`sgsovks4 ―»Ygfurk qug ek mg igrrhbk `ogj; \kbrãh mh`gr ujh gxpeksoùj so jk ek ikcprug`k– HJYOGBHB

Ikcprk`hioùj ikcpuesovh

# #

IKPRK \EHTK4 Heovok hjsogbhb Pgbuiioùj k`sgsokjgs

# #

CGBOK+EHPFK \EHTK4 Chjtgjocogjtk hjsogbhb Chjtgjocogjtk k`sgsokjgs

K`dgtovk 94 Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr ktrhs vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs k pgrskjhegs qug ikjtro`u# ygj hituhecgjtg he chjtgjocogjtk bge prk`egch* Ehs vhroh`egs qug ojiobgj sk`rg uj ikcpkjgjtg bgtgrcojhbk bge prk`egch ’yh sgh cktkr% ikfjotovk% hutùjkck k gckiokjhe’ pugbgj sgr hjtgigbgjtgs k ikjsgiugjiohs bge cosck k `ogj ihrhitgrãstoihs gsth`egs bg eh pgrskjh*

8

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Eks hjtgigbgjtgs skj hqugeehs vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs y pgrskjhegs qug prgigbgj bg ujh akrch jk cuy egdhjh h eh ikjbuith bg ojtgrïs y qug gstèj aujiokjhecgjtg rgehiokjhbhs ikj gsth* Gs bgior% eh kiurrgjioh bg eks hjtgigbgjtgs ojaeuyg gj eh argiugjioh% burhioùj y+k ojtgjsobhb bg eh ikjbuith ikjsobgrhbh* \kr ktrh phrtg% ek mh`otuhe gs qug ujh ikjbuith tgjfh vhroks hjtgigbgjtgs y qug jk tkbks tgjfhj eh cosch ocpkrthjioh*

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hqugeehsqug vhroh`egs -prkvogjgj hc`ogjtg/ y pgrsk# Ehs jhegsikjsgiugjiohs -prkvogjgj bg skj eh pgrskjh/ sofugjhc`ogjthegs h ujh ikjbuith y gstèjbge aujiokjhecgjtg rgeh# iokjhbhs ikj gsth* Gs bgior% skj rgsuethbk bg eh cosch g ojaeuygj gj su chjtgjocogjtk k gj eh vhrohioùj bg su argiugjioh% burhioùj y+k ojtgjsobhb* 8 Ek jkrche gs qug ujh ikjbuith tgjfh vhrohs ikjsgiugjiohs y qug jk tkbhs tgjfhj eh cosch ocpkrthjioh> hsã% ujh ikjsg# iugjioh -p*gd*% k`tgjgr eh hprk`hioùj bg eks ikcphøgrks pkr `urehrsg bg hefuogj/ pugbg ikjtrhrrgsthr eh ojaeugjioh bg ktrh ikjsgiugjioh -p*gd*% sgr ihstofhbk pkr ge prkagskr/*

Yg mh bostojfuobk gjtrg ikjsgiugjiohs y rgpgriusokjgs* Gsths ôetochs skj thc`oïj ge rgsuethbk bg ujh ikjbuith% pgrk jk hagithj h su kiurrgjioh*

\rkigsk # 8<

Yo ikjsobgrhcks eks htrhikjgs bg ujh pgrskjh `ueãcoih ikck eh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih% hefu# jks hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjiohs bg eks coscks hphrgigj gj eh th`eh sofuogjtg4

HJRGIGBGJRGY Bosiusoùj ikj ujh pgrskjh heegfhbh* \rk`egchs gj ge trh`hdk* Pgstroiioùj heocgjthroh* Chegsthr gckiokjhe*

IKJYGIWGJIOHY Heovok tgcpkrhe bge chegsthr gckiokjhe* Ygjshioùj bg mojimhzùj h`bkcojhe* Cogbk h hucgjthr bg pgsk* Ygjtocogjtks bg iueph*

Ge mgimk bg qug ujh vhroh`eg sg ikjsobgrg hjtgigbgjtg k ikjsgiugjioh bgpgjbg bge pujtk bg eh sgiugjioh qug sg tkcg ikck rgagrgjioh* \kr gdgcpek% ge cogbk h hucgjthr bg pgsk gs thjtk ujh ikjsgiugjioh bge htrhiùj ikck uj hjtgigbgjtg bg hefôj topk bg ikjbuith ikcpgjshtkroh -vùcotk% ehxhjtgs% bourïtoiks% gdgrioiok gxigsovk% hyujk/*

COGBK H HWCGJRHP BG \GYK

Pgbuiioùj bg eh ojfgsth

# # # # #

Ikjbuiths ikcpgjshtkrohs4 Qùcotks Ehxhjtgs Bourïtoiks Gdgrioiok gxigsovk Hyujk

Mhc`rg .

gsthbk gckiokjhe jgfhtovk

HRPHIÙJ

Ehs vhroh`egs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjtgs pugbgj sgr bg topk hc`ogjthe -aãsoihs k skiohegs/ k pgrskjhe -ikjbuiths cktkrhs% ikfjoiokjgs% rghiiokjgs hutùjkchs% rgspugsths gckiokjhegs/* Hjtgigbgjtg skiohe

Ikcgjthrok mkstoe Hjtgigbgjtg aãsoik

Rgcpgrhturh gegvhbh Hjtgigbgjtg ikfjotovk

Hjtoiophioùj bge arhih# sk bg eh rgehioùj sgxuhe Hjtgigbgjtg hutùjkck

\kjgrsg rkdk gj ujh sotuhioùj skiohe

Ikjbuith cktkrh

Ojsuetk Ikjbuith gckiokjhe

Hjsogbhb Ikjbuith hutùjkch

Bosaujioùj grïitoe Ikjbuith ikfjotovh

Irggr qug eks bgcès pgj# shrèj qug sg gs ojikcpgtgjtg

Ikjsgiugjioh gckiokjhe

Ygjtocogjtks bg iueph Ikjsgiugjioh ikfjotovh

Ojtgrprgthr qugbgsgpèjoik vh h tgjgr uj hthqug Ikjsgiugjioh skiohe

Ihrh bg bgigpioùj bg eh phrgdh Ikjsgiugjioh cktkrh

Gsihpg bg eh sotuhioùj

\rkigsk # 88

Eks hjtgigbgjtgs pugbgj sgr prùxocks k bosthjtgs* Wj hjtgigbgjtg prùxock phrh ge hthqug bg pèjoik pugbg sgr eh gxpgithtovh bg tgjgrek y uj hjtgigbgjtg bosthjtg% ujh bosiusoùj qug tuvk eufhr mhig ujhs mkrhs k ujks bãhs* Jk mhy qug ikjaujbor eks hjtgigbgjtgs bosthjtgs ikj ehs vhroh`egs mostùroihs* Eh sk`rgprktgiioùj pkr phrtg bg eks phbrgs gj eh ojahjioh pugbg sgr uj ahitkr prgbospkjgjtg phrh eks trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% pgrk jk gs uj hjtgigbgjtg hituhe bg eh rgspugsth bg hjsogbhb* Bgjtrk bg eks hjtgigbgjtgs sg mh bostojfuobk thc`oïj gjtrg ehs vhroh`egs ikjtgxtuhegs y eks * Gstks ocpeoihj uj ihc`okmhigj cès krgagrgjioh cgjks prùxock gj ge hc`ogjtg gstãcueks hjtgigbgjtgs gxtgrjk k ojtgrjk% cogjtrhs qugôetocks ehs vhroh`egs ikjtgxtuhegs h eks ikjtgxtks rgehto# vhcgjtg gsth`egs gj eks qug sg prkbuigj eks gstãcueks hjtgigbgjtgs y qug hagithj h eh rgehioùj aujiokjhe qug gstks chjtogjgj ikj eh ikjbuith* Hsã% eh ikjbuith kpksoiokjosth bg uj joøk pugbg bgpgjbgr bg eh akrch gj qug bhj ehs ùrbgjgs sus phbrgs -gstãcuek hjtgigbgjtg/ y bge ikjtgxtk gspgiãaoik -prgsgjioh k jk bg eks mgrchjks/ y fgjgrhe -aheth bg hagitk ahcoeohr/ gj qug sg prkbuigj boimhs ùrbgjgs* Ehs ikjsgiugjiohs pugbgj sgr ojcgbohths k bgckrhbhs* \kr gdgcpek% uj joøk qug mh boimk ujh cgjtorh frhvg pugbg rgio`or uj ihstofk ikj chykr k cgjkr boehioùj sgfôj iuhjbk sg bgsiu`rh eh cgjtorh* Rkchr heikmke pugbg prkbuior pehigr% heovohr eh hjsogbhb y ahioeothr eh ikcujoihioùj% pgrk h ehrfk pehzk pugbg fgjgrhr ikjsgiugjiohs cuy boagrgjtgs4 bgpgjbgjioh% tkegrhjioh% iorrksos% ikjbuith hfrgsovh* Hbgcès bg ehs vhroh`egs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjtgs% mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth ehs ihrhitgrãs# toihs psoikeùfoihs y `okeùfoihs gsth`egs bg eh pgrskjh * Gjtrg gsths vhroh`egs sg gjiugjtrhj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

\rk`egchs krfèjoiks irùjoiks% ikjsuck mh`otuhe+h`usk+bgpgjbgjioh bg brkfhs y aèrch# iks*

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Jovge fgjgrhe bg hitovhioùj% bïaoiots ojtgegituhegs% mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs% sgjtobk bge muckr% ihphiobhb bg hjheozhr eks prkpoks prk`egchs% gstrhtgfohs bg harkjthcogjtk% vhek# rgs% jkrchs y irggjiohs*

\kso`egs gdgcpeks bg irggjiohs skj4 ―jgigsotk ujh phrgdh phrh sgr ageoz–% ―so hefk jk gs pgragi# tk% jk gs `ugjk–% ―so hefuogj sg cugstrh gj bgshiugrbk ikjcofk% sofjoaoih qug jk eg fustk–% ―so ojtock bgchsohbk ikj hefuogj% cg ikjtrkehrè–* 0 Rhjtk ehs vhroh`egs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjtgs ikck ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjhegs gsth`egs pugbgj ikjtro`uor h hfrhvhr k htgjuhr uj prk`egch* \kr gdgcpek% ge ocphitk bg ehs sotuhiokjgs gstrgshjtgs sg vg pktgjiohbk k htgjuhbk sgfôj ge frhbk gj qug sg bospkjfh bg mh`oeobhbgs bg rgsk# euioùj bg prk`egchs y bg chjgdk bg gckiokjgs* Hsocosck% eh ikjbuith bgsk`gbogjtg bg uj joøk pugbgysgr pkik argiugjtg iuhjbk gstè ikjargiugjtg su phbrg gj ’geprgsgjioh iuhe bh ùrbgjgs bg akrch hch`eg y ikmg# rgjtg rgaugrzh su iucpeocogjtk’ y cuy bg su chbrg ’eh iuhe eg hcgjhzh ikj ihstofks qug jk iucpeg*

K`dgtovk 24 Gsth`egigr ehs pkso`egs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ehs vhroh`egs qug ikjtro`uygj h chjtg# jgr ge prk`egch hsã ikck gjtrg gsths y eks ikcpkjgjtgs bge prk`egch* Bgspuïs bg obgjtoaoihr ehs vhroh`egs qug ikjtro`uygj hituhecgjtg h chjtgjgr ge prk`egch% gs jgigshrok gsth`egigr ehs rgehiokjgs qug gxostgj gjtrg boimhs vhroh`egs% hsã ikck ehs qug gsths togjgj ikj eks bovgrsks ikcpkjgjtgs iehvg bge prk`egch* Eh gjtrgvosth pgrcotg gcpgzhr h gxpekrhr bg

\rkigsk # 80

akrch tgjthtovh eh rgehioùj iuheothtovh qug gxostg gjtrg ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs y ehs vhroh`egs qug ojaeuygj gj ehs coschs* \hrh geek% bg`g gsth`egigrsg eh sgiugjioh tgcpkrhe mopktïtoih gjtrg geehs* \kr gdgcpek% vhroks hjtgigbgjtgs bosthjtgs -ihjshjiok% bosiusoùj ikj ge dgag/ ahioeothj dujtk ikj ktrk ahitkr pkstgrokr -tkch bg bks ihaïs/ eh hphroioùj bg ujh hitovhioùj aosokeùfoih -thquoihr# boh% tgc`ekr/ qug susioth gxpgithtovhs bg pèjoik y bg ojahrtk% ehs iuhegs tgrcojhj pkr ojbuior uj hthqug bg pèjoik -pkso`eg ikjbuith prk`egcètoih/% ge iuhe pugbg or sgfuobk bge gsihpg bg eh sotuh# ioùj -p*gd*% bhr ujh gxiush gj ge trh`hdk phrh vkevgr h ihsh/*

Ihjshjiok . Bosiusoùj ikj ge dgag . 0 Ihaïs

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Hitovhioùj aosokeùfoih4 Rhquoihrboh Rgc`ekr

Gxpgithtovhs bg pèjoik y bg ojahrtk

HRHXWG BG \ÈJOIK

Gsihpg bg eh sotuhioùj Gj sãjtgsos% ek ocpkrthjtg h eh mkrh bg hjheozhr uj prk`egch gs gspgioaoihr sus ikcpkjgjtgs y ehs vhroh`egs qug ojaeuygj hituhecgjtg gj ge cosck% hsã ikck gsth`egigr ehs rgehiokjgs qug gxostgj gjtrg tkbks geeks* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs rgehiokjgs pugbgj sgr ujoborgiiokjhegs k rgiãprkihs* Frèaoik bg rgehioùj ujoborgiiokjhe

Rkrcgjth

Cogbk gj ujh pgrskjh ikj ak`oh h ehs tkrcgjths

Frèaoik bg rgehioùj rgiãprkih

Gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk

Ojhitovobhb aãsoih

\rkigsk # 89

Eh gxpekrhioùj bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg vhroh`egs ojaeuygjtgs y ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs pugbg mhigrsg h uj jovge iuheothtovk y iuhjtothtovk* H jovge iuheothtovk `hsth ikj obgjtoaoihr ehs bostojths vhroh`egs y ikjbuiths g or gsth`egiogjbk eh sgiugjioh tgcpkrhe mopktïtoih gjtrg geehs* Wj gdgcpek gs ge qug sg hih`h bg prgsgjthr gj ge frèaoik hjtgrokr sk`rg ge hthqug bg pèjoik* Gs ikjvgjogjtg or krfhjozhjbk tkbh eh ojakrchioùj gj uj bohfrhch bg aeudk qug ojieuyh eks bostojtks hikjtgiocogj# tks y ikjbuiths y su krbgjhioùj tgcpkrhe h trhvïs bg aegimhs> bg gstg ckbk sg ahioeoth eh akrcueh# ioùj bg mopùtgsos* H jovge iuhjtothtovk sg `usih gsth`egigr phrh ihbh phr bg hikjtgiocogjtks -p*gd*% uj hjtgig# bgjtg y ujh ikjbuith/ so gxostg ikjtojfgjioh gjtrg geeks* \hrh geek mhy qug gsth`egigr% pkr gdgcpek hzh%trhvïs hutkrrgfostrks eh prk`h`oeobhb bg p*gd*/ qug sgy bï eh ikjbuith -bkekr bg ih`g# p*gd*/bg bhbk qug kiurrh ugek`sgrvhioùj% hjtgigbgjtg -bosiusoùj chrothe% eh prk`h`oeobhb bg eh ikjbuith bhbk qug jk sg bï ge hjtgigbgjtg* 9 Yo gstks bks pkrigjthdgs k prk`h`oeobhbgs skj boagrgjtgs% mhy ikjtojfgjioh> gs bgior% eh kiurrgjioh bg eh ikjbuith bgpgjbg bg eh kiurrgjioh bge hjtgigbgjtg* 2 \hrh k`tgjgr chykr ojakrchioùj pugbg ikjsuethrsg Cuøkz -8??9/* Bg tkbks ckbks% gs cuy ojarg# iugjtg gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih iktobohjh rgheozhr hjèeosos iuhjtothtovks prgiosks bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg hikjtgiocogjtks* Yoj gc`hrfk% pugbg sgr ôtoe h eh mkrh bg ikjtrhsthr mopùtgsos qug sg ikjsobgrhj ocpkrthjtgs% pgrk qug gstèj pkik iehrhs*

\huths fgjgrhegs qug ikjvogjg ikjsobgrhr he rgheozhr ge hjèeosos bge prk`egch hituhe Yg ikcgjthrèj trgs topks bg phuths4 h/ Ikjirgthr eks tïrcojks fgjgrhegs k hc`ofuks qug uto# eozh ge ieogjtg* `/ Mhigr ujh procgrh iuhjtoaoihioùj bg ehs vhroh`egs rgegvhjtgs* i/ Gcpeghr gstrh# tgfohs hbgiuhbhs phrh obgjtoaoihr hjtgigbgjtgs% ikjsgiugjiohs y vhroh`egs pgrskjhegs gsth`egs* h/ Ikjirgthr eks tïrcojks fgjgrhegs k hc`ofuks qug utoeozh ge ieogjtg * Gs argiugjtg qug eks ieogjtgs bgsiro`hj sus prk`egchs bg akrch fek`he g ocprgiosh* \kr ek thjtk% mhy qug pgboregs qug pkjfhj gdgcpeks bg sus prk`egchs% qug eks bgsikcpkjfhj gj ikj# buiths ikjirgths y qug gspgioaoqugj iehrhcgjtg ek qug quogrgj bgior iuhjbk gcpeghj tïrcojks fgjgrhegs k hc`ofuks -p*gd*% hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj% bgpgjbogjtg% phsovk% cg sogjtk che% gti*/* Hsã% pkso`egs rgagrgjtgs ikjbuituhegs bg gsthr bgprocobk pugbgj sgr sheor pkik bg ihsh% eekrhr cuimk% tgjgr ojskcjok% pgjshr gj ckrorsg% ihjshrsg gjsgfuobh% jk sgjtor oeusoùj pkr ikshs qug hjtgs fus# th`hj% gti* Wjh `ugjh tèitoih phrh hyubhr h ikjirgthr y k`tgjgr bhtks cès aoh`egs gs prgfujthr he ieogjtg pkr eh ôetoch vgz qug tuvk ge prk`egch qug sg gstè gxpekrhjbk% sg gjikjtrù che% kiurroù uj ojio# bgjtg% gti* Eugfk% gs jgigshrok vgr mhsth quï pujtk ek suigbobk gsh vgz gs rgprgsgjthtovk bg ek kiurrobk ktrhs vgigs y% so jk ek gs% hjheozhr ehs boagrgjiohs* `/ Mhigr ujh procgrh iuhjtoaoihioùj bg ehs vhroh`egs rgegvhjtgs* Gs rgikcgjbh`eg gsth`egigr ujh procgrh iuhjtoaoihioùj krogjthtovh bg ehs ikjbuiths prk`eg# cètoihs y bg ehs vhroh`egs rgegvhjtgs cès ocpkrthjtgs* Eh iuhjtoaoihioùj bg ehs ikjbuiths sùek pkbrè mhigrsg bg ckbk hprkxochbk pkr cgbok bg eh gjtrgvosth % gxigpioùj mgimh bg ehs iheoao# ihiokjgs* Wjh chykr prgiosoùj rgquogrg ge gcpegk bg ktrks cïtkbks thegs ikck eks iugstokjhroks% eh k`sgrvhioùj% ge hutkrrgfostrk% y eks rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks* Gjtrg eks phrècgtrks qug sg k`# togjgj ikj cès argiugjioh sg gjiugjtrhj eks sofuogjtgs4 #

Argiugjioh4 jôcgrk bg vgigs pkr bãh% sgchjh% cgs*

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Burhioùj4 togcpk qug burh ujh ikjbuith*

\rkigsk # 82

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Ojtgjsobhb4 Yhevk qug sg gcpeggj rgfostrks hutkchtozhbks -p*gd*% gj eh cgboioùj bg rgs# pugsths hutùjkchs/% sugegj utoeozhrsg gsihehs su`dgtovhs thegs ikck ehs ujobhbgs su`dgto# vhs bg hjsogbhb -WYHs/ bg < h 8<<*

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Ehtgjioh4 togcpk qug thrbh gj hphrgigr ujh ikjbuith k gsthbk -p*gd*% sugøk% rgspugsth vgr`he/ bgsbg qug sg prkbuig eh sotuhioùj gstocuehr ikrrgspkjbogjtg*

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\rkpkrioùj bg vgigs qug hphrgig eh ikjbuith bg ojtgrïs* Hsã% pugbg iheiuehrsg ge pkrigj# thdg bg ùrbgjgs qug uj joøk iucpeg% ge pkrigjthdg bg vgigs qug ujh pgrskjh ikj ak`oh sk# iohe htrgvgrgimojh h mhigreks ujhbogjtgs* rgiehchioùj k ge pkrigjthdg bg ojtgrvheks bg k`sgrvhioùj gj qug ujh sg pgrskjh

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Iheoaoihiokjgs gj gsihehs bg topk Eongrt sk`rg ge frhbk bg kiurrgjioh% burhioùj% ojtgjso# bhb% hbgiuhioùj bg bovgrsks hspgitks k ikjbuiths bg ojtgrïs% k cgbobh gj qug gstks skj ihrhitgrãstoiks bg ujk cosck* Eks pkso`egs hspgitks k ikjbuiths h vhekrhr pugbgj sgr cès k cgjks gspgiãaoiks4 hjsogbhb% hfrgsovobhb% mh`oeobhb skiohe% corhbh% gjtkjhioùj% mhigr ujh rgiehchioùj% eekrhr% ikcprk`hr ikshs% gti*

Hsã% gj ge ihsk bg uj ieogjtg qug prgsgjth k`sgsokjgs bg suiogbhb y ikcpuesokjgs bg ehvhbk% pkbrãhj k`tgjgrsg burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth bhtks iuhjtothtovks hprkxochbks ikck eks sofuogjtgs4 # # # # # # # # # # #

Burhioùj bge pgjshcogjtk k`sgsovk ihbh vgz qug kiurrg* Rogcpk tkthe bohrok qug burhj ehs k`sgsokjgs -k argiugjioh bg ehs coschs% so skj cuy `rgvgs/* Jovge bg chegsthr% hjsogbhb k bosfustk prkbuiobk pkr ehs k`sgsokjgs* Frhbk gj qug sg gsaugrzh ge ieogjtg gj bgtgjgr ehs k`sgsokjgs* Frhbk gj qug pugbgj ikjtrkehrsg ehs k`sgsokjgs* Burhioùj bg ihbh ikcpuesoùj* Rogcpk tkthe bohrok qug burhj ehs ikcpuesokjgs -k argiugjioh bg ehs coschs% so skj cuy `rgvgs/* Jovge bg chegsthr ihsk bg jk pkbgr rgheozhr eh ikcpuesoùj* Frhbk gj qug ge ieogjtg sg rgsostg h eh rgheozhioùj bg eh ikcpuesoùj* Frhbk gj qug sg ikjsofug ikjtrkehr eh ikcpuesoùj* Frhbk gj qug sg gvothj bovgrshs hitovobhbgs bg`obk h eh k`sgsoùj bg suiogbhb*

Ge jovge k ge frhbk sg gvheuhrãhj cgbohjtg gsihehs topk Eongrt* Gsths gsihehs pugbgj vhrohr gj ge ojtgrvhek bg pujtuhioùj qug utoeozhj -8 h 2% 8 h 7% < h =% < h 8<<% gti*/* \kr gdgcpek% ge jovge bg chegsthr pkbrãh iheoaoihrsg sgfôj eh sofuogjtg gsiheh4 8 -jojfujk/% 0 -pkik/% 9 -ckbgrhbk/% 2 -`hs# thjtg/ y 7 -cèxock/* Yo gsths cgbobhs sg tkchj bg akrch rgpgtobh hjtgs bge trhthcogjtk akrche% k`tgjbrgcks ujh eãjgh `hsg bg eh+s ikjbuith+s prk`egcètoih+s qug jks ojakrch bge jovge y vhroh`oeobhb bg eh ikj# buith gstubohbh y jks prkpkriokjh uj tïrcojk bg ikcphrhioùj phrh gvheuhr eh pkso`eg bge trhthcogjtk pkstgrokr* Rhc`oïj pgrcotg bgtgithr pkso`egs ihc`oks sostgcètoiks bg ehgaoihioh ikjbuith prgvoks he trhthcogjtk> bg sgr hsã% mh`rãh qug ojvgstofhr ehs ihushs bg eks coscks* i/ Gcpeghr gstrhtgfohs hbgiuhbhs phrh obgjtoaoihr hjtgigbgjtgs% ikjsgiugjiohs y vh# roh`egs pgrskjhegs gsth`egs* Wjh prgfujth fgjgrhe qug pugbg utoeozhrsg phrh ojoiohr eh gxpekrhioùj bg pkso`egs hjtgigbgj# tgs% ikjsgiugjiohs y vhroh`egs pgrskjhegs gsth`egs gs pgbor he ieogjtg qug jks bofh h quï htro`uyg qug su prk`egch sg chjtgjfh*

\rkigsk # 87

\hrh obgjtoaoihr eks hjtgigbgjtgs mhy qug gsth`egigr ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs -eufhr% ckcgjtk% pgrskjhs prgsgjtgs/ bg eh sotuhioùj k sotuhiokjgs gj qug kiurrgj k jk kiurrgj ehs ikjbuiths prk# `egcètoihs y prgfujthr he ieogjtg4 #

Xuï ikshs phshj gj ge bãh gj qug hphrgig eh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih k gj eks bãhs hjtgrok# rgs% so gsg bãh k bãhs gstè prgkiuphbk pkr hefk k sg jkth hitovhbk k hetgrhbk gckiokjhe# cgjtg% quï pogjsh% sogjtg y mhig dustk hjtgs bg qug kiurrh k jk eh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih% quï irgg qug phshrãh ihsk bg rgheozhr k jk eh ikjbuith*

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Xuï mhigj kkboigj hjtgsmhigj ehs pgrskjhs prgsgjtgs% eg ckegsth ikjsobgrhbhs bg eh sotuhioùj% quï ior# iujsthjiohs ahitkrgs cès prk`h`eg qug quï ehs ikjbuiths hucgjtgj% boscojuyhj k bgshphrgzihj gti*

Rhc`oïj pugbg prkigbgrsg he rgvïs4 phrtor bg eh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih y hjheozhr sgiugjiohe# cgjtg mhioh htrès eh ihbgjh bg vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs y pgrskjhegs qug fgjgrhrkj eh ikjbuith* Gs pkso`eg qug ikj ehs gstrhtgfohs hjtgrokrgs `hshbh gj prgfujths cès h`ogrths eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh sgh ojsuaoiogjtg* Gj gstg ihsk% pugbg utoeozhrsg ujh gstrhtgfoh bg rgikjkiocogjtk mhiogjbk prgfujths gspgiãaoihs bgrovhbhs bg ikjkiocogjtks tgùroiks y gcpãroiks sk`rg ge prk`eg# ch k bg mopùtgsos akrcuehbhs trhs gsiuimhr eh ojakrchioùj qug prkpkriokjh ge ieogjtg* \kr gdgc# pek% pkbrãh prgfujthrsg4 "»Jkth hefujh vhrohioùj gj su bkekr bg gsphebh iuhjbk mh bosiutobk ikj su iùjyufg;> »y iuhjbk togjg qug prgsgjthr ojakrcgs ocpkrthjtgs gj ge trh`hdk;> »y iuhjbk gs irotoihbk pkr sus hcofks;"* Jk mhy qug prgfujthr "»hucgjth su bkekr iuhjbk***;"% yh qug gstk rgprgsgjth uj sgsfk* \hrh obgjtoaoihr ehs ikjsgiugjiohs pugbg prgfujthrsg he ieogjtg quï phsh bgspuïs bg eh ikj# buith bg ojtgrïs% quï pogjsh y sogjtg% quï mhig y bgdh bg mhigr% iùck rghiiokjhj ktrhs pgrskjhs% gti* Mhy qug ojbhfhr iùck hagith ge prk`egch he ieogjtg k h ktrhs pgrskjhs gj bovgrshs èrghs4 trh# `hdk+gstuboks% rgehioùj bg phrgdh% vobh ahcoeohr% hcosthbgs% vobh skiohe% chjgdk bg eh ihsh% kiok% gikjkcãh y sheub* Rhc`oïj pugbg gcpeghrsg gj ujh sgfujbh gthph eh gstrhtgfoh bg rgikjkiocogj# tk cgjiokjhbh phrh eks hjtgigbgjtgs* Hsocosck% ikjvogjg gsthr htgjtks h pkso`egs `gjgaoioks bge prk`egch% gs bgior ikjsgiugjiohs pksotovhs qug sg bgrovhj bge cosck k ikjsgiugjiohs jgfhtovhs qug sg sgfuorãhj so ge prk`egch sg skeuiokjhrh -p*gd*% pgrbgr eh bgboihioùj bg iogrths pgrskjhs k ujh hsofjhioùj gikjùcoih/* Yo sg ikjsobgrh jgigshrok% pugbg prgfujthrsg hefk hsã ikck4 »\ugbg pgjshr gj hefk jgfhtovk qug pkbrãh suigbgr ihsk bg qug su prk`egch sg skeuiokjhrh; Hbgcès bg eks hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjiohs% mhy qug gxpekrhr ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjh# egs gsth`egs qug pugbgj cgbohr eh ikjbuith prk`egch* Eh gxpekrhioùj pugbg mhigrsg cgbohjtg prgfujths sk`rg ikjbuiths ikjirgths qug rgaegdhj boimhs ihrhitgrãstoihs% ojakrcgs bg ktrhs pgrsk# jhs% k`sgrvhioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bge ieogjtg% hutkrrgfostrks y iugstokjhroks*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks gj ge hjèeosos bge prk`egch hituhe 4 gjtrgvosth ikj ge ieogjtg y ikj ktrhs pgrskjhs% iugstokjhroks gspgiãaoiks sk`rg eks prk`egchs bg ojtgrïs% k`sgrvhioùj burhjtg eh gjtrgvosth y hutkrrgfostrk* Ikj cgjkr argiugjioh sg gcpeghj eh k`sgrvhioùj y eks rgfos# trks psoikaosokeùfoiks* Rhc`oïj gs hikjsgdh`eg gcpeghr iugstokjhroks sk`rg eh ojtgragrgjioh qug prkbuigj gj eh vobh bge phiogjtg eks prk`egchs gvheuhbks*

\rkigsk # 81

MOYRKPOH BGE \PK@EGCH Yg rgikcogjbh% gj fgjgrhe% gxpekrhr eks krãfgjgs bge prk`egch bgspuïs bg mh`gr hjheozhbk eh sotuhioùj hituhe% gxigptk iuhjbk ge ieogjtg gstï cuy prgkiuphbk k ojtgrgshbk pkr ehs ihushs procgrhs y ge bgshrrkeek bg su prk`egch* Hujqug eh mostkroh bg uj prk`egch gs boaãioecgjtg rg# ikjstruo`eg% pugbg sgr bg frhj hyubh phrh ikcprgjbgr ge prk`egch hituhe* Hbgcès% ge ieogjtg pugbg tgjgr ujh sgrog bg irggjiohs ojhbgiuhbhs sk`rg ge krofgj bg su prk`egch qug gs cuy ôtoe ckboaoihr h trhvïs bg hefujh gxpeoihioùj hetgrjhtovh* Mhy qug prgfujthr pkr eks sofuogjtgs hspgitks4 #

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Ckcgjtk gj qug hphrgiogrkj pkr procgrh vgz eks sãjtkchs ojakrchbks pkr ge ieogj# tg -bgtheehr/* \ugbg prgfujthrsg thc`oïj pkr ge krbgj gj qug hphrgiogrkj bostojths ikjbui# ths prk`egcètoihs -p*gd*% hthqugs bg pèjoik% ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj hfkrhaù`oih/* Ckcgjtk gj qug eks sãjtkchs eegfhrkj h sgr uj prk`egch bg`obk h qug ihushrkj ujh ojtgragrgjioh sofjoaoihtovh gj eh vobh k uj frhj chegsthr* Ihushs h ehs qug ge ieogjtg htro`uyg ge krofgj bg su prk`egch % so gsth`h phshjbk pkr hefôj topk bg gstrïs gj gsg ckcgjtk y ikshs qug phshrkj gj su vobh gj gsg togcpk* Ahitkrgs hskiohbks ikj ge ojoiok bge prk`egch yh sgh ikck prgbospkjgjtgs -ihrhitgrãsto# ihs `okeùfoihs% jovge skiokiueturhe y gikjùcoik% rgpgrtkroks bg ikjbuith/ k ikck prgiopo# thjtgs -gvgjtks gstrgshjtgs ocpkrthjtgs% hiucuehioùj bg gvgjtks gstrgshjtgs cgjkrgs% gx# pgrogjiohs trhucètoihs/* Cgdkrhs% rgcosokjgs% rgihãbhs y gcpgkrhcogjtks mh`obks% y ahitkrgs hskiohbks h ujhs y ktrks*

Jk mhy qug ikjaujbor eks eehchbks hjtgigbgjtgs mostùroiks% eks iuhegs ojaeuygrkj gj ge sur# focogjtk u krofgj bge prk`egch% ikj eks hjtgigbgjtgs hituhegs% eks iuhegs ikjtro`uygj h qug ge prk`egch k hefujk bg sus ikcpkjgjtgs sg chjtgjfhj* Yoj gc`hrfk% hujqug eks ahitkrgs hskioh# bks ikj ge ojoiok y bgshrrkeek bg uj prk`egch jk togjgj pkr quï sgr eks coscks qug eks qug ek chjtogjgj gj ge ckcgjtk hituhe% hefujks bg eks procgrks pugbgj sgfuor ikck vhroh`egs qug ikj# tro`uygj h chjtgjgr ge prk`egch* Hsã% vhroh`egs ikck eh susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb -ujh ihrhi# tgrãstoih bg pgrskjheobhb4 cogbk h eks sãjtkchs bg eh hjsogbhb `hshbk gj irggjiohs bg qug gstks sãjtkchs togjgj ikjsgiugjiohs jkiovhs/% ge gstrïs eh`krhe y ge ikjsuck bg ikihãjh pubogrkj ojaeuor gj eh hphroioùj bg eks hthqugs bg pèjoik bg ujh pgrskjh* Gstks hthqugs pugbgj chjtgjgrsg pkstg# rokrcgjtg frhiohs h ehs bks procgrhs vhroh`egs gj ikjdujioùj ikj ktrhs thegs ikck ge cogbk h qug sg rgpothj y eh mopgrvofoehjioh bg ehs sgjshiokjgs tgcobhs*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% iugstokjh# roks hutk`okfrèaoiks% ojakrcgs bg ktrks prkagsokjhegs qug trhthrkj ikj ge ieogjtg% bhtks prgvohcgj# tg rgikfobks -bohroks pgrskjhegs% iheoaoihiokjgs hihbïcoihs/*

RPHRHCOGJRKY \PGQOKY _ HIRWHEGY BGE \PK@EGCH GQHEWHBK Eh gvheuhioùj bg eks trhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs sgfuobks pkr ge ieogjtg pgrcotg k`tgjgr ojakrchioùj sk`rg ge frhbk bg gaoihioh bg eks coscks% htro`uiokjgs sk`rg eks rgsuethbks mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg% gxpgithtovhs fgjgrhbhs gj ge ieogjtg sk`rg eh pkso`oeobhb bg skeuiokjhr su prk`egch% gxpeoihiokjgs qug ktrks prkagsokjhegs eg mhj bhbk sk`rg su prk`egch y cktovhioùj phrh sgfuor ojtgjthjbk rgskevgr ge prk`egch* Rkbk gstk gs ôtoe phrh pehjoaoihr ge trhthcogjtk y gvothr pkso# `egs ojtgragrgjiohs* \kr gdgcpek% so ge ieogjtg mu`ogrh rgio`obk ujh tgrhpoh rgehtovhcgjtg socoehr h eh qug ge psoiùekfk pogjsh pehjtghr% gstg bospkjbrãh bg eh ojakrchioùj jgigshroh phrh4 h/ sgegiiok# jhr ujh ojtgrvgjioùj boagrgjtg k `/ kargigr hrfucgjtks qug dustoaoqugj eh hpeoihioùj bg uj trhth# cogjtk phrgiobk> pkr gdgcpek% pkbrãh sgøhehr ehs boagrgjiohs gjtrg hc`hs ojtgrvgjiokjgs% ehs rhzk#

\rkigsk # 86

jgs pkr ehs qug aheeù ge trhthcogjtk hjtgrokr% gti* Yugegj gxpekrhrsg eks sofuogjtgs hspgitks4 #

Rrhthcogjtks sgfuobks prgvohcgjtg phrh ge prk`egch4 h/ Gspgioheosths vosothbks ikj hjtgrokrobhb* \hrh ihbh gspgioheosth sg ojtgjth hvgrofuhr agimh bg ikjsueth% bohfjùstoik% gxpeoihioùj sk`rg ge prk`egch% trhthcogjtk hpeoih# bk% burhioùj y rgsuethbks bg gstg% hspgitks bge trhthcogjtk qug ge ieogjtg ikjsobgrù gspgiohecgjtg ôtoegs y pkik ôtoegs% gj quï cgbobh iucpeoù ge ieogjtg ikj ge trhth# cogjtk y so ek h`hjbkjù% quï eg mozk bgdhrek* `/ eohrgs% Ktrks hcofks* cgboks gcpeghbks prgvohcgjtg4 pkr sã cosck% jhturosths% iurhjbgrks% ahco# i/ H quï sg htro`uyg eh aheth bg rgsuethbks k eh rgihãbh gj eks ojtgjtks bg skeuiokjhr ge prk`egch*

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Ktrks trhthcogjtks qug sg gstèj sofuogjbk hituhecgjtg phrh ge prk`egch* Yg ojbhfhj hspgitks socoehrgs h eks yh ikcgjthbks he mh`ehr bg eks trhthcogjtks prgvoks* Yo ge phiogj# tg gstè sogjbk trhthbk socuetèjghcgjtg pkr ktrk psoiùekfk% ge tgrhpguth bg`g bgiobor so higpth k jk ge ihsk* Yo pugbg mh`gr ojtgragrgjiohs gjtrg hc`ks topks bg trhthcogjtk% bg`g ikcujoièrsgek he phiogjtg phrh qug geodh ge prkagsokjhe qug bgsgg> pkr thjtk% sg jgfhrè h socuethjghr eks bks topks bg trhthcogjtk*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% ojakrcgs bg ktrks prkagsokjhegs qug trhthrkj he ieogjtg*

CKROQHIOÙJ% K@DGROQKY _ G]\GIRHROQHY Yg pugbgj h`krbhr eks sofuogjtgs hspgitks bg eks qug jk sg bospkjfh mhsth ge ckcgjtk bg eh suaoiogjtg ojakrchioùj4 #

Bg quoïj mh sobk eh ojoiohtovh bg vgjor h ikjsueth% »bge ieogjtg k bg ktrhs pgrskjhs; Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% sg hvgrofuh h quoïj pgrtur`h ge prk`egch -»he ieogjtg% h ktrh+s pgrsk# jh+s k h hc`ks;/% gj quï frhbk y pkr quï* Rhc`oïj gs ocpkrthjtg mh`grsg mgimk yh ujh obgh sk`rg quoïj togjg ge prk`egch> gstg pugbg jk sgr sùek bge ieogjtg qug vogjg k bge ieogjtg he qug sg trhg% sojk qug pugbg sgr uj prk`egch bg phrgdh% ahcoeohr% gti*

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Xuï mh eegvhbk he ieogjtg h vgjor gj ge ckcgjtk hituhe y jk hjtgs * Eh gxpekrhioùj bg eks ahitkrgs bgsgjihbgjhjtgs bg eh `ôsqugbh bg hyubh ahioeoth ge bgsiu`rocogjtk bg ehs rh# zkjgs k prgkiuphiokjgs ojcgbohths bge ieogjtg phrh vgjor h ikjsueth* Yo gsths prgkiuph# iokjgs jk sg togjgj gj iugjth% pugbg prkbuiorsg uj h`hjbkjk bg eh tgrhpoh*

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Iheoaoihioùj -bg < h 8
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Xuï gspgrh ikjsgfuor ge ieogjtg ikj ge trhthcogjtk y% so ekfrhbk gstk% pogjsh qug su prk`egch mh`rè bgshphrgiobk* Yg trhth hquã bg k`tgjgr ujks k`dgtovks fgjgrhegs rgheosths qug% gj ujh ahsg pkstgrokr bge prkigsk bg ojtgrvgjioùj% sgrèj trhbuiobks h k`dgtovks gspg# iãaoiks* Wj `ugj gdgcpek bg k`dgtovk fgjgrhe rgheosth sgrãh tgjgr cès rgehiokjgs skiohegs> uj che gdgcpek sgrãh eegfhr h sgr ageoz* \kso`egs ihtgfkrãhs bg k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks qug pugbgj pgrsgfuorsg skj4 rgbuior sãjtkchs% cgdkrhr ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs% hucgj# thr eh hutkgstoch y ikjaohjzh gj sã cosck% chjgdhr k higpthr cgdkr ujh sotuhioùj k prk#

\rkigsk # 8=

`egch phrtoiuehr y iehroaoihr iugstokjgs rgehiokjhbhs ikj ujh sotuhioùj phshbh% prgsgjtg k prùxoch -Nhzboj% 8???/* #

Gj quï frhbk ikjaãh ge phiogjtg gj ikjsgfuor gstks k`dgtovks -gxpgithtovhs bg cgdkrh/*

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\kso`egs obghs qug togjg ge ieogjtg sk`rg ge topk bg trhthcogjtk qug sg sugeg hpeoihr* Hujqug cuimks ieogjtgs bgsikjkigj ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs hpeoihbhs% ktrks pksggj ojakrch# ioùj gxtrhãbh bg ikjkiobks% ojtgrjgt% cgboks bg ikcujoihioùj% pgeãiuehs% gti* Iuhjbk mhyh ujh frhj bovgrfgjioh gjtrg ek qug ge ieogjtg gspgrh y ge trhthcogjtk h hpeoihr% ikj# vogjg ojakrchr gj eãjghs fgjgrhegs bg eh tgrhpoh y dustoaoihr su utoeobhb* Yoj gc`hrfk% so ge

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ieogjtg bgsgh ktrk topk bg tgrhpoh% sg eg bg`g bgrovhr he prkagsokjhe hbgiuhbk* Gxostgjioh bg prk`egchs socoehrgs prgvoks k hituhegs gj ahcoeohrgs y hcofks% trhth# cogjtks qug rgio`ogrkj y rgsuethbks ekfrhbks*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs*

PGIWPYKY _ EOCORHIOKJGY Yg pugbg prgfujthr pkr4 #

Kpojoùj bg ehs pgrskjhs heegfhbhs rgspgitk h quï sg sofh uj trhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik y quoïjgs gstèj bospugsths h ikeh`krhr* Yg gxpekrh thc`oïj so hefujh pgrskjh pkbrãh oj# tgragror gj eh chrimh bge trhthcogjtk*

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Pgiursks bge ieogjtg qug pugbgj sgr ôtoegs phrh rgskevgr ge prk`egch -ikjsthjioh% gstrhtg# fohs bg harkjthcogjtk% sh`gr vgr ehs ikshs bg akrch rgheosth% ikjaohjzh gj eh prkpohs ihph# iobhbgs% gti*/* Ktrks hspgitks pksotovks qug ge ieogjtg irgg qug togjg k qug eks bgcès irggj qug togjg*

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Eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg qug pkbrãhj trh`hdhr gj ikjtrh bg eh skeuioùj bge prk`egch -sh# eub arèfoe% ojikjsthjioh% ojmh`oeobhb skiohe% ihphiobhb ojtgegituhe `hdh% côetopegs k`eofh# iokjgs% aheth bg rgiursks gikjùcoiks% gti*/* Ktrhs eocothiokjgs qug ge ieogjtg irgg qug tog# jg k qug eks bgcès irggj qug togjg*

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Boaoiuethbgs u k`stèiueks hjtoiophbks -prkpoks k pkr phrtg bg ktrks/ gj eh rgskeuioùj bge prk`egch*

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Irggjiohs bg qug ge ojtgjtk bg rgskevgr su prk`egch k eh skeuioùj bge cosck pugbg oj# tgragror gj sus rgehiokjgs ikj eks bgcès -phrgdh% ahcoeoh% hcofks% ikjkiobks% ikcphøg# rks bg trh`hdk/% irghreg boaoiuethbgs pgrskjhegs k mhigreg pgrbgr iogrths vgjthdhs*

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Rogcpk eo`rg bospkjo`eg*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks4 Gjtrgvosth he ieogjtg y h ktrhs pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% iugs# tokjhroks*

RPHYRKPJKY \YOIKEÙFOIKY HJRGPOKPGY

HYKIOHBKY

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RPHYRKPJKY

Iuhjbk% h phrtor bg eh ojakrchioùj prkpkriokjhbh% sg skspgimh qug ge ieogjtg pugbh tgjgr

\rkigsk # 8?

hefôj ktrk trhstkrjk% mh`rè qug gxpekrhr so gstk gs iogrtk k jk* \kr ktrh phrtg% bhbk ge hetk frhbk bg ikckr`oeobhb gjtrg bgtgrcojhbks prk`egchs -p*gd*% gjtrg trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% hagitovks y bg h`usk bg susthjiohs/% pugbg ojbhfhrsg% so sg bgsgh% eh prgsgjioh bg ktrks trhstkrjks qug sg sh`g qug gs prk`h`eg qug vhyhj hskiohbks ikj ge prk`egch gvheuhbk y qug jk mhj sobk bgtgithbks mhsth ge ckcgjtk* Yoj gc`hrfk% gstk ojirgcgjth jkth`egcgjtg ge togcpk bg eh gjtrgvosth y% gj fgjgrhe% pugbg qug eh rgehioùj ikstg+`gjgaoiok jk sgh shtosahitkroh* Gs bgior% prk`h`egcgjtg jk sgh jgigsh# rok gvheuhr rutojhrohcgjtg eks trhstkrjks qug mopktïtoihcgjtg ge ieogjtg pugbh tgjgr% h jk sgr qug ge tgrhpguth tgjfh ojboioks qug ek dustoaoqugj* Ktrh pkso`oeobhb phrh bgtgithr trhstkrjks hskiohbks gs utoeozhr ge Iugstokjhrok bg Iro`hbk Xugstokjjhorg Bohfjùstoik bg Toccgrchj Chttoh -0<<8/%\soquoètroik ge iuhe togjg-\syimohtroi 807 ãtgcs yBohfjkstoi prkpkriokjhYirggjojf ojakrchioùj bohfjùstoih/ sk`rg 87 trhstkrjksy argiugjtgs bge BYC#OQ hfruphbks gj sgos ihtgfkrãhs4 trhstkrjks bg heocgjthioùj -`ueo# coh+trhstkrjk pkr htrhiùj/% trhstkrjks hagitovks -bgprgsoùj chykr% bostocoh% chjãh+mopkchjãh/% trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb -trhstkrjk bg pèjoik% hfkrhak`oh% trhstkrjk pkr gstrïs pkstrhucètoik% trhs# tkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk% trhstkrjk bg hjsogbhb fgjgrheozhbh% ak`oh skiohe/% h`usk+bgpgjbgjioh bg susthjiohs -heikmke% brkfhs/% trhstkrjks skchtkakrcgs -trhstkrjk bg skchtozhioùj g mopkikj# brãh/ y psoiksos*

Wj cgbok ikcpegcgjthrok phrh bgsiu`ror ktrks pkso`egs trhstkrjks hituhegs ikjsostg gj prg# fujthr he ieogjtg so% hphrtg bg ehs cgboihiokjgs qug pugbh gsthr tkchjbk phrh su prk`egch% gstè tkchjbk ktrks aèrchiks phrh eh hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj% ojskcjok k iuhequogr topk bg prk`egch gckiokjhe* Yo gs hsã% sg prgfujth iuèegs skj% bksos% bgsbg iuèjbk ehs tkch% cktovk y gagitks ikj# sgfuobks* Aojhecgjtg% ikjvogjg gxpekrhr eh gxostgjioh bg trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks prgvoks4 topk% agimh% trhthcogjtks rgio`obks phrh gstks% ojieuobks eks pkso`egs ojtgrjhcogjtks% y rgsuethbks k`tgjobks* Rhc`oïj% bg akrch socoehr h ikck sg mh boimk phrh eks trhstkrjks hituhegs% pugbg prgfujthrsg he ieogjtg so% hphrtg bg ehs pkso`egs cgboihiokjgs qug mh pkbobk cgjiokjhr% mh tkchbk hefujh vgz cgboihioùj phrh eh hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj% ojskcjok k iuhequogr topk bg prk`egch gckiokjhe* Yo gs hsã% sg prgfujth iuèjbk% quï topk y gj quï bksos% burhjtg iuèjtk togcpk% iuèe aug eh rhzùj y rgsue# thbks k`tgjobks*

ÈPGHY @ÈYOIHY BG EH QOBH \hrh ikcpegcgjthr eh gvheuhioùj igjtrhbh gj ge prk`egch k prk`egchs bg ojtgrïs% sg rgik# cogjbh gxhcojhr bgtgrcojhbhs èrghs `èsoihs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg4 ahcoeoh bg krofgj% gstuboks% trh`hdk% gikjkcãh% rgehiokjgs skiohegs% ojtgrgsgs y haoiokjgs% sgxk% vobh bg phrgdh% modks% sh# eub% èrgh egfhe y rgeofoùj* H gstg rgspgitk% gxostgj bks pgrspgitovhs cuy boagrgjtgs4 #

Mhigr gj ihbh ihsk ujh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe ikcpegth qug ojieuyh tkbhs ehs èrghs hjtg# rokrcgjtg cgjiokjhbhs* Gstk bhrãh ujh vosoùj fek`he bge ieogjtg% hujqug mh`rãh vhroks oj# ikjvgjogjtgs4 fhstk bg togcpk y bojgrk% k`tgjioùj bg ojakrchioùj qug jk gs ôtoe phrh eh ikcprgjsoùj bge prk`egch y su trhthcogjtk% y rgigek bge ieogjtg pkr ge mgimk bg qug sg gxpekrgj èrghs qug jk ikjsobgrh pgrtojgjtgs* Hbgcès% ge iùbofk bgkjtkeùfoik bge Ikegfok bg \soiùekfks sgøheh qug ge psoiùekfk sùek rgikfgrè eh ojakrchioùj gstroithcgjtg jgigsh# roh phrh bgsgcpgøhr ehs thrghs phrh ehs qug mh sobk rgqugrobk y sogcprg ikj eh hutkrozh# ioùj bge ieogjtg*

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Hbkpthr uj gjakqug ojbovobuheozhbk bg eh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe gj ge qug sg ojbhfhrèj sùek hqugeehs èrghs y hspgitks bg ehs coschs qug sg supkjg hyubhrèj h iehroaoihr eks prk`egchs prgsgjtgs y ehs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs% y h `usihr rgiursks phrh eh geh`krhioùj

\rkigsk # 0<

bge prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk* Gstg sgfujbk gjakqug phrgig ge cès hikjsgdh`eg* \hrh eeg# vhrek h ih`k% pugbgj sgfuorsg eks sofuogjtgs phsks4 )

Bgiobor ehs èrghs h gxpekrhr gj aujioùj bge prk`egch+s prgsgjthbk+s pkr ge ieogjtg y bg eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh*

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Mhigr ujh prgfujth fgjgrhe sk`rg ihbh èrgh sgegiiokjhbh -p*gd*% ―gxpeãqugcg iùck sg eegvh ikj su phrgdh–/ y eugfk% ktrh sk`rg pkso`egs ojshtosahiiokjgs k boaoiuethbgs% ihsk bg qug ge ieogjtg jk cgjiokjg jhbh he rgspgitk*

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Yo ge ieogjtg qug togjgsgxk/% hefujhikjvogjg ojshtosahiioùj k boaoiuethb hspgitk cès bgtgr#h cojhbk -p*gd*%ojakrch ikcujoihioùj% prgfujthreg% hjtgsgj bguj gvheuhrek akjbk% so gxostgj boaoiuethbgs gj ktrks èc`otks -p*gd*% gikjkcãh% thrghs bg eh ihsh% togcpk eo`rg/* Eugfk% mh`rè qug gxpekrhr eks hspgitks prk`egcètoiks obgjtoaoihbks y su pkso`eg rgehioùj ikj ge prk`egch qug sg gstè gvheuhjbk*

Eh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe pgrcotg ikcprgjbgr cgdkr he ieogjtg% hvgrofuhr so mhy ahitkrgs gj ehs èrghs gxpekrhbhs rgehiokjhbks ikj eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg y bgsiu`ror jugvks rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bg gstg* \hrgig cès hikjsgdh`eg qug eh gxpekrhioùj fgjgrhe sg rgheoig bgspuïs bg eh gvheuhioùj igj# trhbh gj eks prk`egchs% yh qug so jk% ge ieogjtg pkbrãh sgjtorsg ojikcprgjbobk% bubhr bg eh pgrto# jgjioh bg eh ojakrchioùj qug sg eg pobg ’cuimh bg geeh jk ikjgithbh hphrgjtgcgjtg ikj ek qug eg prgkiuph’ y jk ikeh`krhr ikj eh cosch ojtgjsobhb* Bg tkbks ckbks% so ge ieogjtg cgjiokjh ikj rgehioùj h su prk`egch hefujh bg ehs èrghs hjtgs iothbhs% mh`rè qug gxpekrhrehs ikck phrtg bge hjèeosos bge cosck* Gj gsths èrghs pugbgj gjikjtrhrsg prk`egchs phrhegeks he prk`egch cktovk bg ikjsueth k vhroh`egs qug ojaeuygj gj gstg ôetock*

Cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj gcpeghbks4 Gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks* Gj kihsokjgs uj ieogjtg bgsgh ikjkigr% yh he aojhe bg eh procgrh k sgfujbh sgsoùj y hjtgs bg qug ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj ojoiohe gstï tgrcojhbk% iogrtks bgtheegs bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj qug sg sgfuorè -p*gd*% gj quï ikjsostg% burhioùj hprkxochbh% prk`h`oeobhbgs bg ïxotk/* Gj gstg ihsk% pugbg hbgehjtèrsgeg% so eks bhtks ek pgrcotgj% ojakrchioùj he rgspgitk% pgrk gjahtozhjbk su ihrèitgr tgjthtovk y prkvosokjhe y sgøhehjbk qug sg pkbrè kargigr ujh ojakrchioùj cès prgiosh bgjtrk bg ujh k bks sgsokjgs% ujh vgz ikjieuobh eh ahsg bg gvheuhioùj* \hrtg bg eh ojakrchioùj rgikfobh gj eh ahsg bg hjèeosos bge prk`egch pugbg sgrvor phrh gsth`eg# igr% so sg bgsgh% uj bohfjùstoik kaoiohe* Gstg pugbg ahioeothr eh ikcujoihioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjh# egs* Yoj gc`hrfk% jk ikjvogjg pgrbgr bg vosth qug ge cosck trhstkrjk gj bostojths pgrskjhs pugbg sgr ihushbk y chjtgjobk pkr ahitkrgs `hsthjtg boagrgjtgs* Bg tkbks ckbks% ge bohfjùstoik pugbg sgr ôtoe phrh sgegiiokjhr uj trhthcogjtk iuhjbk eks ieogjtgs bg ujh ihtgfkrãh bohfjùstoih skj rgehtovhcgjtg mkckfïjgks% bospkjg bgobokfrèaoih* uj trhthcogjtk pktgjtg y eh rhzùj ikstg+`gjgaoioks bgs# hikjsgdh eh rgheozhioùj bg ujhsggvheuhioùj Wjh vgz hjheozhbks eks prk`egchs bge phiogjtg% ge tgrhpguth sh`rè so pugbg ikrrgspkjbgr h sus bgchjbhs* Bg jk sgr hsã% bg`grè bgrovhrek h ktrk igjtrk k tgrhpguth qug sã gstï ihphiothbk he rgs# pgitk* Eh bgrovhioùj bg uj phiogjtg pugbg tgjgr eufhr gj iuhequogr ckcgjtk bge prkigsk y jk sùek he ojoiok* \kso`egs rhzkjgs phrh eh bgrovhioùj skj4 #

Ge tgrhpguth jk bkcojh eks prkfrhchs bg trhthcogjtk qug skj gaoihigs phrh ge prk`egch proj# iophe bge ieogjtg*

\rkigsk # 08

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Ge ieogjtg prgsgjth prk`egchs phrh eks qug4 h/ jk mhy trhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik% `/ ge tgrhpguth jk ek ikjkig k i/ gxostg uj trhthcogjtk hetgrjhtovk cès gaoihz*

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Jk sg eegfh h uj hiugrbk sk`rg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj bge prk`egch -y aheehj ehs hetgrjhtovhs qug sg ojboihj gj ge hphrthbk ―Ikcphrtor y hikrbhr eh ikjigptuheozhioùj ikj ge ieogjtg–/ k sk# `rg ge topk bg trhthcogjtk*

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Eks k`dgtovks bge ieogjtg skj ojhigpth`egs phrh ge tgrhpguth*

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Ge ieogjtg jk cgdkrh ikj ge trhthcogjtk hpeoihbk* Ge tgrhpguth bgshrrkeeh augrtgs sgjtocogjtks pksotovks k jgfhtovks mhioh ge ieogjtg qug ojtgraog# rgj gj ge trhthcogjtk*

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Gxostg ujh cheh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih*

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Ge ieogjtg mhig rgvovor gj ge tgrhpguth hefôj prk`egch prkpok qug ojaeuyg jgfhtovhcgjtg gj eh tgrhpoh*

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Ge tgrhpguth gstè phshjbk pkr ujh cheh ïpkih y jk pugbg hituhr ikj eh suaoiogjtg ikcpgtgj# ioh*

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Ge ieogjtg skeoioth hiubor h hefôj ktrk igjtrk k tgrhpguth% yh sgh pkr hefujh bg ehs rhzkjgs hjtg# rokrgs k pkr ktrhs -p*gd*% ihc`ok bg rgsobgjioh% igjtrk qug gstï cès prùxock% tgrhpguth qug sgh bge ktrk sgxk% boaoiuethbgs gikjùcoihs% gti*/*

Eh bgrovhioùj bg uj phiogjtg% gspgiohecgjtg gj hefujks bg eks ihsks ikcgjthbks% gs ujh iugs# toùj boaãioe thjtk phrh ïe ikck phrh ge tgrhpguth* \hrh gcpgzhr% ujh `ugjh bgrovhioùj gxofg qug mhyh sobk bgiobobh gj `gjgaoiok bge ieogjtg y jk bge tgrhpguth* Eugfk% bg`g kargigrsg ujh rhzùj ikjvojigjtg phrh eh cosch% soj iueph`oeozhr he phiogjtg% y prkpkriokjhr ge jkc`rg ikjirgtk bg ujk k cès igjtrks k tgrhpguths qug gstïj bospugstks h higpthr ge ihsk so ge ieogjtg ek bgsgh> gstk rgquog# rg% h sgr pkso`eg% ikjthithr prgvohcgjtg ikj gstks ktrks prkagsokjhegs* Bgioreg socpegcgjtg h uj ieogjtg qug `usqug h ktrk tgrhpguth jk gs bgrovhr% gs h`hjbkjhrek h su sugrtg* Aojhecgjtg% jk sg ikjsobgrh ïtoik ik`rhr u k`tgjgr iuhequogr topk bg ikcpgjshioùj pkr bgrovhr ieogjtgs% yh qug gstk pugbg ahvkrgigr qug uj ieogjtg sgh bgrovhbk pkr rhzkjgs gikjùcoihs y jk gj su prkpok `gjgaoiok* Rhc`oïj mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth qug gj ktrks ihsks% eh jhturhegzh bge prk`egch k prk`egchs rgqugrorè eh ikeh`krhioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs -cïboiks% psoquohtrhs% pgbhfkfks% shigrbktgs% h`kfhbks/% frupks bg hutkhyubh -heikmùeoiks hjùjocks% phbrgs soj phrgdh/ k igjtrks bg irosos -phrh ojtgjtks bg suoiobok% vokehiokjgs% gc`hrhzks jk bgsghbks y h`krtks% cheks trhtks/*

Jk bgrovhr he phiogjtg k jk ikeh`krhr ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs iuhjbk gs jgigshrok supkjg uj gjfhøk he ieogjtg -ihsk bg qug mhfhkbgeo`grhbhcgjtg/ gxostgbge ujhpkso`eg frhj prk`h`oeobhb bg qug eks rgsuethbks bge trhthcogjtk sghjsgjueks cãjocks% pkr jk ymh`ehr gcpgkrhcogjtk bg eks prk`egchs bge phiogjtg* Rkbk gstk pugbg ikjbuior he ieogjtg h rgbuior su ikjaohjzh gj ge trhth# cogjtk psoikeùfoik yh sgh gj fgjgrhe k gj ge topk bg tgrhpoh rgio`obk*

AKPCWEHIOÙJ _ IKJRPHYRG BG MO\ÙRGYOY G]\EOIHROQHY Gsth ahsg ’thc`oïj ikjkiobh ikj ge jkc`rg bg hjèeosos aujiokjhe bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh ikfjo# tovk#ikjbuituhe% qug gs eh qug sg sofug gj gstg bkiucgjtk’ gstè rghecgjtg cuy gjtrgehzhbh ikj eh

\rkigsk # 00

hjtgrokr* He hjheozhr eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg surfgj yh ehs procgrhs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs cès k cgjks hcpeohs qug sg ojtgjthj ikjtrhsthr gj chykr k cgjkr cgbobh% bg ckbk qug% gj aujioùj bg eks rgsuethbks% sg ckboaoihj k jk ehs mopùtgsos* Bg mgimk% eh rgikfobh bg ojakrchioùj y eh fgjg# rhioùj y ikjtrhstg bg mopùtgsos togjgj eufhr gj eh chykrãh bg ihsks gj ujh sgrog bg ioieks y jk sùek gj ehs bks ahsgs gj qug% pkr cktovks bobèitoiks% mhj sobk sgphrhbhs hquã* Gj eh ahsg qug jks kiuph% eh ojakrchioùj prgvohcgjtg k`tgjobh gs krfhjozhbh bg ckbk qug sg gsth`egigj rgehiokjgs gjtrg ehs bostojths vhroh`egs bg uj prk`egch y+k gjtrg eks bostojtks prk# `egchs bg uj ieogjtg* Yg akrcuehj hsã ujh k cès mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs sk`rg ge chjtgjocogjtk -mopùtgsos bg chjtgjocogjtk/ y sk`rg ge krofgj y bgshrrkeek bge prk`egch+s -mopùtgsos mostùroih/% 7

mopùtgsos qug skj ikjtrhsthbhs bg bostojtks ckbks* Gdgcpeks bg mopùtgsos sgjioeehs4 h/ Wj bkekr bg ih`gzh pugbg sgr gxpeoihbk pkr ujh aheth bg hsgrioùj gj sotuhiokjgs skiohegs y pkr ge gsihpg k gvothioùj bg gsths sotuhiokjgs* `/ Wjh bosaujioùj grïitoe pugbg kiurror gj aujioùj bg eh hjsogbhb y hjtoiophioùj bg arhihsk fgjgrhbhs pkr hefujhs gxpgrogjiohs aheeobhs gj ujh ïpkih bg gstrïs eh`krhe* i/ Wj joøk pugbg jk k`gbgigr h sus phbrgs pkrqug gstks eg rgpotgj cuimhs vgigs ehs ùrbgjgs% pgrk jk eg prkpkriokjhj ikjsgiugjiohs boagrgj# iohegs sgfôj k`gbgzih k jk* b/ Wjh ikcpuesoùj sg chjtogjg pkrqug rgbuig k ocpobg ge ojirgcgjtk bg eh hjsogbhb prkbuiobh pkr ujh k`sgsoùj* g/ Wjh hjkrfhscoh pugbg gxpeoihrsg gj aujioùj bg ujks ikjkiocogjtks sgxuhegs ojhbgiuhbks% ujh hitotub jgfhtovh mhioh ge sgxk y uj bïaoiot bg gsto# cuehioùj sgxuhe pkr phrtg bg eh phrgdh* Wj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk fgjgrhe bg eh ak`oh skiohe pugbg vgrsg rgprgsgjthbk bg akrch frèaoih gj eh aofurh 8* Hsocosck% gj eh aofurh 0 pugbg vgrsg uj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk phrh ujh cudgr qug prgsgjth`h trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj hfkrhak`oh* Qghcks hmkrh ikj cès bgtheeg ge ihsk bg eh ak`oh gsikehr* Hefujks ahitkrgs prgbospkjgjtgs h eh ak`oh gsikehr pugbgj sgr eh gxostgjioh bg trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb -gspgiohecgjtg hfkrhak`oh/ k bg bgprgsoùj gj eks phbrgs% eks iuhegs boaoiuethj ge hprgjbozhdg bg gstrhtgfohs bg harkjthcogjtk pkr phrtg bge joøk> ge prkvgjor bg ahcoeohs pgqugøhs y cuy ujobhs gj ehs qug eks joøks chjtogjgj rgehiokjgs cuy gstrgimhs k bgpgjbogjtgs ikj sus ph# brgs> eh sk`rgprktgiioùj pkr phrtg bg eks phbrgs> eh gxostgjioh bg hjsogbhb pkr sgphrhioùj gj ge joøk> y eh prgsgjioh bg hjsogbhb k tgckr ckbgrhbk gj sotuhiokjgs gsikehrgs gspgiãaoihs* Gjtrg eks ahitkrgs prgiopothjtgs y+k chjtgjgbkrgs bg eh ak`oh gsikehr pugbgj bostojfuorsg4 #

Hikjtgiocogjtks vothegs jgfhtovks4 cugrtg% gjagrcgbhb k sgphrhioùj bg eks phbrgs -jkr# checgjtg eh chbrg/% hcofk ãjtock k chsikth> phbgigr ujh gjagrcgbhb% tgjgr uj hiiobgj# tg k suaror ujh kpgrhioùj qug k`eofh he joøk h pgrchjgigr gj ihsh k gj ge mkspothe ehrfk togcpk*

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Ahitkrgs rgehiokjhbks ikj eh gsiugeh4 ihc`ok bg ikegfok% bg iehsg k bg jovge hihbïcoik> gxpgrogjiohs bg robãiuek% irãtoihs% hcgjhzhs% bhøk aãsoik k pgeghs ikj ktrks joøks> prkagskr bgchsohbk gstroitk% shrièstoik k pujotovk> trh`hdk gsikehr cuy boaãioe -ojieuobhs hquã ehs hitovobhbgs bg gbuihioùj aãsoih/> tgjgr qug phrtoiophr gj rgujokjgs gsikehrgs g ojtgrvgjor gj pô`eoik> mhigr gxècgjgs> gsthr ikj cuimks joøks k gj ujh gsiugeh cuy frhjbg> tgjgr qug mhigr uj ehrfk y bgshfrhbh`eg vohdg mhsthfgjgrhr eh gsiugeh> gxpgrogjiohs trhucètoihs gj eh gsiugeh -hiksk sgxuhe/* Gstks ahitkrgs sugegj iogrtk cogbk gj eks joøks% hujqug hefujks eegfhr h rghiiokjhr ikj uj jovge bg cogbk gxigsovk*

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Ahitkrgs rgehiokjhbks ikj ge joøk* Hphrtg bg eks cogbks iothbks hrro`h% pugbgj ojaeuor ge cogbk h eh sgphrhioùj bg eks phbrgs> ujh chykr bgpgjbgjioh bg gstks> prk`egchs bg hsgr# tovobhb y bg rgehiokjgs skiohegs> jovgegs gxigsovks bg hsporhioùj hihbïcoih> gsthr hikc# pegdhbk pkr hefôj hspgitk bg eh hphrogjioh aãsoih qug pugbg pkjgrsg bg chjoaogstk gj ehs iehsgs k he bgsjubhrsg> igeks gxhfgrhbks bg uj mgrchjk> hjfustoh pkr eh cgjstruhioùj k eh chstur`hioùj* \ugbg mh`gr uj `hdk rgjbocogjtk gsikehr -gj iogrths chtgrohs k gj fgjg# rhe/ y+k uj cogbk he cosck bg`obk h ujh sgrog bg ahitkrgs -joøk% gsiugeh% cgbok iueturhe/*

\rkigsk # 09

Hefujks joøks jk quogrgj vkevgr h eh gsiugeh pkrqug jk pugbgj gxpeoihr su husgjioh h sus ikcphøgrks bg uj ckbk higpth`eg* #

Ahitkrgs rgehiokjhbks ikj eh ahcoeoh* Yk`rgprktgiioùj bge joøk pkr phrtg bg ujk k hc# `ks phbrgs> rgehioùj cuy gstrgimh bg eh chbrg ikj ge joøk y rgehioùj bosthjtg ikj ge ch# robk> gxpgithtovhs pkik rgheosths sk`rg ge rgjbocogjtk gsikehr bge joøk> aheth bg rgiursks bg eks phbrgs phrh ikjsgfuor eegvhrek h eh gsiugeh -p*gd*% jk pkbgr chjgdhr aãsoih k psoik# eùfoihcgjtg ehs rh`ogths bge joøk% jk sgjtorsg ihphz bg chjgdhr h eh vgz thjtk he joøk ik# ck h sus mgrchjks cès pgqugøks/> bgshdustg chrothe> hefôj prkfgjotkr k eh ahcoeoh sheg `gjgaoiohbk bg qug ge modk sg qugbg gj ihsh -p*gd*% ujh chbrg hfkrhaù`oih k bgprocobh/ k bg qugojshtosahiioùj prgsgjtg uj prk`egch qug pgrcotg jk eks htgjbgr prk`egchs cèsqug bkekrksks -p*gd*% chrothe/> ikjaeoitks gjtrg phbrgsh yktrks eh gsiugeh> phbrgs vhekrhj pkik eh gbuihioùj gsikehr k qug togjgj hitotubgs jgfhtovhs mhioh eh gsiugeh*

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K`sgrvhioùj gj ktrks joøks -mgrchjks% hcofks% ikcphøgrks/ bg aheth bg hsostgjioh h eh gsiugeh% bg cogbks bg topk gsikehr k bg gxpgrogjiohs jgfhtovhs rgehiokjhbhs ikj eh gsiug# eh*

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Pgakrzhcogjtk jgfhtovk -prgvgjioùj bg eh hjsogbhb k bg pkso`egs ikjsgiugjiohs jgfhto# vhs hjtoiophbhs% rgbuiioùj bg rgspkjsh`oeobhbgs gsikehrgs/ y pksotovk -htgjioùj% cocks% pkso`oeobhb bg rgheozhr gj ihsh cès hitovobhbgs hfrhbh`egs ikck vgr RQ y egvhjthrsg thr# bg/ bg ehs ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj y bg qugdh* Rhc`oïj pugbg mh`gr uj rgakrzhcogjtk pkr phrtg bg eks phbrgs bg ehs ikjbuiths bg bgpgjbgjioh bge joøk*

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Ktrhs ikjsgiugjiohs bg eh ak`oh gsikehr% thjtk h ikrtk+cgbok pehzk -rgtrhsk gsikehr% hos# ehcogjtk skiohe% sgjtocogjtks bg iueph/ ikck h ehrfk pehzk4 cgjkrgs kpkrtujobhbgs phrh iurshr ujh gbuihioùj supgrokr% prk`egchs bg gcpegk% boaoiuethbgs skiohegs y chykr rogsfk bg trhstkrjks psoquoètroiks auturks*

Gs jgigshrok ikjsobgrhr gstks ahitkrgs y ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg eks coscks phrh gxpeoihr ge kro# fgj y chjtgjocogjtk bg eh ak`oh gsikehr* Gstg topk bg hjèeosos qug ikjsobgrhj ehs rgehiokjgs ihush# egs prgsgjtgs gj uj trhstkrjk ikjsobgrhbk gj fgjgrhe sg ikjkigj ikck ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks* Gs# tks skj ôtoegs gj iuhjtk prkpkriokjhj% h ckbk bg fuãh% uj ikjdujtk bg pkso`egs vhroh`egs ihushegs qug pugbgj sgr ocpkrthjtgs k jk phrh ge ieogjtg ikj ge qug sg trh`hdh* Wj gdgcpek bg ckbgek jk# cktïtoik prgsgjthbk bg akrch frèaoih pugbg vgrsg gj eh aofurh 8* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge ckbgek gxpeo# ihtovk ocpkrthjtg gj ieãjoih gs ge obokfrèaoik% hquge borofobk h obgjtoaoihr ehs rgehiokjgs ihushegs qug pgrcotgj gxpeoihr eks prk`egchs bg uj ieogjtg bgtgrcojhbk -vïhsg eh aofurh 0 y Eh`rhbkr% Gs# tupoøè y Burèj% 0<<=/* Ktrks gdgcpeks bg ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks phrh bostojtks trhstkrjks skj eks sofuogjtgs4 trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj hfkrhak`oh -@hbks% 0<<1/% trhstkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk -Iruzhbk% 8??=/% ak`ohs gspgiãaoihs -@hbks y Ikrkjhs% 0<<7/% mopkikjbrãh -@ktgeeh y Chrtãjgz% 8??6/% bosaujiokjgs sgxuh# egs -Eh`rhbkr% 8??=/% hjkrgxoh -@uigth% 8??1> Yhebhøh% 8??2/% `ueocoh -Phoim> 8??2> Yhebhøh% 8??2/% th`hquosck -Foe% 8??=/% bkekr irùjoik -Ikcgimg y Qheegdk% 8??=/* He akrcuehr eh mopùtgsos bg chjtgjocogjtk% gs ocpkrthjtg sgegiiokjhr sùek ehs vhroh`egs ocpkrthjtgs% ikjtrkeh`egs y ihushegs y trhthr bg gsth`egigr eh cgbobh gj qug ihbh ujh bg geehs ikjtro`uyg h eh gxpeoihioùj bge prk`egch k ikjbuith prk`egcètoih* Gs bgior% sg trhth bg hsofjhr uj pgsk mopktïtoik h ihbh ujh bg ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs% pgsk qug vh h ojaeuor bgiosovhcgjtg gj ehs tïijoihs bg trhthcogjtk gegfobhs* Gsth hsofjhioùj bg pkjbgrhiokjgs% bg eh iuhe pugbg vgrsg uj gdgcpek gj Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -8??2% pèf* ?8/% sugeg eegvhrsg h ih`k bg ckbk su`dgtovk gj aujioùj bg4 h/ eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh sk`rg ge ieogjtg y `/ eh ocpkrthjioh tgùroih qug togjgj ehs bostojths vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs sgfôj eh ojakrchioùj gxtrhãbh bg gstuboks bg frupk% ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks y+k gxpgrogjioh prgvoh ikj ihsks socoehrgs* Yoj gc`hrfk% K&@rogj -8??7/ mh bgcks#

\rkigsk # 02

trhbk qug ge cïtkbk su`dgtovk su`gstoch eh chfjotub bg ehs ikrrgehiokjgs frhjbgs y sk`rgstoch eh bg ehs pgqugøhs* \kr geek% ek obghe sgrãh gcpeghr hefôj cgbok gsthbãstoik ikck ehs ikrrgehiokjgs k ge hjèeosos bg ehs prk`h`oeobhbgs ikjboiokjhegs% hujqug% pkr ge ckcgjtk% gstk jk sg eegvh h ih`k gj eh ieãjoih iktobohjh* Gccgenhcp% @kuchj y Yimkeojf -8??0% ihp* 9/ mhj bostojfuobk bks jovgegs bg hjèeosos auj# iokjhe k ckbgeks gxpeoihtovks4 h/ hjèeosos bg ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs gjtrg bostojtks prk`egchs qug pugbh prgsgjthr ge phiogjtg -chirkhjèeosos/ y `/ hjèeosos bg ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs bgjtrk bg uj prk`egch gspgiãaoik -coirkhjèeosos/* Gj ehs aofurhs 9 y 2 sg prgsgjth uj gdgcpek bg ihbh ujk bg geeks phrh ujh phiogjtg hfkrhaù`oih* Ge procgrk gstè igjtrhbk gj eks bostojtks prk`egchs bg eh phiogjtgpkr y geujsgfujbk gj ge trhstkrjk hfkrhaù`oik* ihsks sgjioeeks% ek hikjsgdh`eg gs ikcgjzhr chirkhjèeosos y bgspuïs rgheozhr geYhevk k eks phrh coirkhjèeosos jgigshroks igjtrhbks gj uj prk`egch ikjirgtk y ikj uj chykr jovge bg gspgioaoiobhb* Gxostg ujh sgrog bg cgboks qug pugbgj ahioeothr eh fgjgrhioùj bg mopùtgsos4 #

Krfhjozhr pkr gsirotk y bg akrch frèaoih eh ojakrchioùj bospkjo`eg% bg ckbk qug sg pugbh tgjgr prgsgjtg tkbh eh ojakrchioùj h eh vgz* Gstk gs boaãioe k ocpkso`eg bg ikjsgfuor so sg ojtgjth socpegcgjtg h jovge cgjthe*

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Obgjtoaoihr ge topk bg rgehioùj -ihushe+ikrrgehiokjhe% ujoborgiiokjhe+`oborgiiokjhe/ qug gxostg gjtrg bks vhroh`egs qug sh`gcks vhj hskiohbhs y hvgrofuhr quï vhroh`egs gstèj hskiohbhs ikj vhrohiokjgs gj eh argiugjioh% burhioùj k ojtgjsobhb bg ehs ikjbuiths prk# `egcètoihs*

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Gstubohr eh ocpkrthjioh y ikjtrkeh`oeobhb bg ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs obgjtoaoihbhs*

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Gstubohr eh gvkeuioùj bge prk`egch% gspgiohecgjtg eks ahitkrgs hskiohbks ikj ehs ïpkihs bg cgdkrãh y gcpgkrhcogjtk*

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Gcpeghr eks ikjkiocogjtks bgrovhbks bg eks ckbgeks tgùroiks gxpeoihtovks bg prk`eg# chs socoehrgs h eks bge ieogjtg* Yoj gc`hrfk% eks ckbgeks gxpeoihtovks fgjgrhegs jk togjgj pkr quï ikojiobor ikj eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh ojbovobuheozhbh*

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Gcpeghr eks ikjkiocogjtks prgvoks bgrovhbks bg ihsks ieãjoiks socoehrgs*

IKJRPHYRG BG MO\ÙRGYOY Akrcuehbh ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh% ge sofuogjtg phsk gs ikjtrhsthreh* Gsths bks hitovobhbgs pugbgj orsg suigbogjbk mhsth ekfrhr ujh mopùtgsos ikrrgith* Gxostgj bks akrchs `èsoihs bg ikjtrhs# tg bg mopùtgsos% h prokro y h pkstgrokro% sgfôj sg eegvgj h ih`k hjtgs k bgspuïs bge trhthcogjtk* Gj eh ahsg qug jks kiuph% ge ikjtrhstg qug sg eegvh h ih`k gs ge h prokro* Gstk pugbg mhigrsg bgrovhj# bk prgboiiokjgs gspgiãaoihs bg eh mopùtgsos y gcpeghjbk bostojths gstrhtgfohs phrh rgikfgr ojakr# chioùj borofobh thjtk h ikjaorchr ikck h ojvheobhr boimhs prgboiiokjgs * Ehs gstrhtgfohs gc# peghbhs sugegj sgr bg bks topks% aujbhcgjthecgjtg bge procgrk4 #

Ikjvgrfgjioh bg ojakrchioùj* Yg trhth bg gvheuhr ehs prgboiiokjgs h trhvïs bg ktrks cïtkbks bostojtks bge qug sg utoeozù phrh rgheozhr eh prgboiioùj -p*gd*% gjtrgvosth h ktrhs pgrskjhs% hutkrrgfostrk% k`sgrvhioùj% rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks% prug`hs ikfjotovhs k`dg# tovhs% prug`hs cïboihs/ k bg vhrohiokjgs gj ge cïtkbk krofojhe -p*gd*% bostojths prgfujths gj ujh gjtrgvosth% ktrks iugstokjhroks/* Yo eh ojakrchioùj ikojiobg% gxostg ujh chykr prk# `h`oeobhb bg qug sgh ikrrgith* Eh jk ikojiobgjioh sufogrg qug ehs prgboiiokjgs jk skj vè#

\rkigsk # 07

eobhs% hujqug ujh gxpeoihioùj hetgrjhtovh gs qug ge frhbk bg ikjikrbhjioh gjtrg bostojths tïijoihs bg gvheuhioùj jk gs cuy gegvhbk* )

Wj gdgcpek bg gsth gstrhtgfoh gs ge sofuogjtg* Rrhs eh procgrh gjtrgvosth ikj ujh ch# brg% uj psoiùekfk sg mh pehjtghbk eh mopùtgsos bg qug uj joøk bgsk`gbgig h sus phbrgs pkrqug gstks jk hpeoihj ikrrgithcgjtg eks rgakrzhbkrgs y ihstofks* H phrtor bg hquã bgrovh bks prgboiiokjgs gspgiãaoihs4 h/ eks phbrgs eg rgaugrzhj pkihs vgigs k ojsuao# iogjtgcgjtg iuhjbk k`gbgig% y `/ eks phbrgs hcgjhzhj he joøk ikj ihstofks qug eug# fk jk mhigj iucpeor* \hrh ikcprk`hr gsths prgboiiokjgs% pkbrãh utoeozhr ktrks cïtk# bks ikck mhigr prgfujths gspgiãaoihs he rgspgitk h hc`ks phbrgs y he joøk y+k skeoio# thregs qug iucpeocgjthrhj bgsk`gbogjiohs bge joøk* uj hutkrrgfostrk bg su hituhioùj hjtg ehs k`gbogjiohs y

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Ktrk gdgcpek gs qug so h trhvïs bg eh gjtrgvosth mgcks mopktgtozhbk qug uj gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk gs ikjsgiugjioh bg uj bïaoiot bg mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs% pkbgcks eeg# vhr h ih`k ujh k`sgrvhioùj gj sotuhiokjgs socuehbhs phrh vhekrhr so ge ieogjtg prg# sgjth k jk boimk bïaoiot* Yo gs hsã% tgjgcks ujh prug`h cès h ahvkr bg eh mopùtgsos% hujqug sg rgqugrorãh ujh gstrhtgfoh gxpgrocgjthe phrh pkbgr bgckstrhr qug ge èjock bgprocobk gs uj rgsuethbk bge cgjiokjhbk bïaoiot bg mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs* \kbrãh sgr qug hc`hs vhroh`egs jk gstuvogrhj rgehiokjhbhs k qug jk mu`ogrh the bïaoiot% pgrk hph# rgiogrh hsã gj eh gvheuhioùj bg`obk he gsthbk hjãcoik bge ieogjtg*

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Gj hqugeeks ihsks gj qug eks bhtks sg hbgiuhj h uj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk fgjgrhe `ogj hsgjthbk k ikjiugrbhj ikj ihsks ieãjoiks socoehrgs % thc`oïj hucgjth jugstrh ikjaohjzh gj eh mopùtgsos% hujqug gs ojsuaoiogjtg phrh ikjtrhsthreh*

Gxpgrocgjtks k iuhsogxpgrocgjtks* Gsth gs eh gstrhtgfoh obghe phrh ikjtrhsthr ujh mopù# tgsos -hujqug sùek vheg phrh ehs bg chjtgjocogjtk/% yh qug supkjg eh chjopuehioùj y ge ikjtrke cès k cgjks gstroitk bg ehs vhroh`egs ojbgpgjbogjtgs y eh k`sgrvhioùj bg eks gagi# tks gj ehs vhroh`egs bgpgjbogjtgs* Yoj gc`hrfk% gsth gstrhtgfoh jk sg gcpegh prèitoih# cgjtg jujih gj eh ieãjoih iktobohjh bg`obk h eh ojvgrsoùj bg togcpk qug supkjg% h su ikstg y ehs boaoiuethbgs gcpãroihs k ïtoihs phrh chjopuehr iogrths vhroh`egs* Wj gdgcpek bg gsth gstrhtgfoh sgrãh ge sofuogjtg4 so mopktgtozhcks qug ge bkekr bg ih`gzh bg ujh pgrskjh bgpgjbg bg eh kiurrgjioh bg bosiusokjgs chrothegs% pkbrãhcks irghr ikjboiokjgs qug hu# cgjthrhj k boscojuygrhj gsths ôetochs y k`sgrvhr ek qug suigbg*

Ikjvogjg gjahtozhr qug eh rgikfobh bg bhtks bg`g or borofobh jk sùek h ikjaorchr prgboiiokjgs% sojk thc`oïj h ojvheobhrehs* Eh tgjbgjioh jhturhe bge sgr muchjk phrgig sgr `usihr k sgegiiokjhr hqugeeh ojakrchioùj qug ikjaorch hqugeek qug yh sg irgg k pogjsh y phshr pkr hetk eks bhtks qug ek ikjtrhboigj* \kr thjtk% gs jgigshrok mhigr uj gsaugrzk bgeo`grhbk phrh rgikfgr ojakrchioùj bosikjaorchtkroh* Ge ikjtrhstg bg ehs mopùtgsos mostùroihs gs sogcprg cuimk cgjks pktgjtg qug ge bg ehs bg chj# tgjocogjtk bg`obk he togcpk trhjsiurrobk* Bg mgimk% gj eh chykrãh bg eks ihsks ehs mopùtgsos mostùroihs jk sg ikjtrhsthj* Wjh vgz qug sg mh hjheozhbk ge prk`egch y sg bospkjg bg ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh gj proj# iopok ikrrgith% sg gstè gj ikjboiokjgs bg mhigr uj prkjùstoik% gstk gs ujh prgboiioùj bg iuèe sgrè eh gvkeuioùj bge prk`egch gj ge auturk soj trhthcogjtk* Ge prkjùstoik pugbg ojieuor eh obgjtoaoih# ioùj bg hqugeeks ahitkrgs qug% ihsk bg hphrgigr% pugbgj prkbuior ujh cgdkrh k uj gcpgkrhcogjtk bge prk`egch* Eh gcosoùj bg uj prkjùstoik sg vg ahioeothbh pkr ge ikjkiocogjtk bg ihsks ieãjoiks phrgiobks y pkr ehs prgboiiokjgs rgheozhbhs pkr ehs tgkrãhs `èsoihs k psoikphtkeùfoihs* Iuhjbk ge tgrhpguth togjg cès k cgjks iehrh ujh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh bge prk`egch bge ieogj#

\rkigsk # 01

tg% sg akrdh ujh obgh prgeocojhr bg eks k`dgtovks h ikjsgfuor y bge prkfrhch fgjgrhe bg trhth# cogjtk qug sg pkbrãh hpeoihr* Yoj gc`hrfk% eh akrcuehioùj bgaojotovh bg eks k`dgtovks y trhthcogj# tk bgpgjbgrè bg eks hiugrbks qug sg gsth`egzihj ikj ge phiogjtg*

IKC\HPROP _ HIKPBHP EH IKJIG\RWHEOTHIOÙJ IKJ GE IEOGJRG Jkrchecgjtg sg jgigsothrèj bg bks h iuhtrk sgsokjgs bg gjtrgvosth y ge gcpegk bg ktrks cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj -p*gd*% iugstokjhroks% hutkrrgfostrks% gjtrgvosth h pgrskjhs heegfhbhs/ phrh rgikfgr y ikjtrhsthr tkbh eh ojakrchioùj jgigshroh* Ge sofuogjtg phsk gs kargigr he ieogjtg -y h ehs pgrskjhs qug vhyhj Hsocosck% h ikeh`krhr/sgk høhborè bgrovhr ujh ikj bgsiropioùj ge cosck ujhtgjthtovh sk`rgy su prk# mopùtgsoshigrih gxpeoihtovh `egch k prk`egchs* bge krofgj gvkeu# ioùj bge prk`egch k prk`egchs* Ikjvogjg qug eh gxpksoioùj sgh akrcuehbh bg akrch ikcprgjso# `eg phrh ge ieogjtg% hpkyhbh pkr rhzkjgs ikjvojigjtgs% oeustrhbh ikj gdgcpeks rghegs bg eh vobh bge phiogjtg y gjahtozhjbk ehs obghs cès ocpkrthjtgs* Eh bgrovhioùj k gxpksoioùj bg eh mopùtgsos gx# peoihtovh pugbg mhigrsg bg bks akrchs `èsoihs4 #

Cgjks borgitovh* Eh mopùtgsos sg vh bgrovhjbk h trhvïs bg prgfujths y bosiusoùj ikj ge ieogjtg% bg ckbk qug gstg pugbh or gxprgshjbk sus kpojokjgs% bubhs y k`dgiokjgs* Gj fg# jgrhe% sg ikjsobgrh qug ge phpge hitovk bge ieogjtg ahioeothrè eh ikjsgiuioùj bg ujh ikjigp# tuheozhioùj bge prk`egch vgrbhbgrhcgjtg ikcphrtobh gjtrg tgrhpguth y phiogjtg* Gstg ckbk bg prkigbgr rgquogrg cès togcpk y pugbg jk aujiokjhr ikj hefujks ieogjtgs*

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Cès borgitovh* Yg kargig borgithcgjtg tkbh eh ojakrchioùj% hujqug sg hjoch thc`oïj he ieogjtg h skeoiothr ehs hiehrhiokjgs kpkrtujhs y h pehjtghr ehs bubhs y k`dgiokjgs pgrtojgj# tgs* Ehs k`sgrvhiokjgs bge ieogjtg bg`gj hjheozhrsg ikj ujh hitotub h`ogrth y hutkirãtoih gj vgz bg bgboihrsg socpegcgjtg h rg`htorehs*

Gs hikjsgdh`eg or bo`udhjbk ge ckbgek gxpeoihtovk gj ujh pozhrrh u mkdh bg phpge phrh qug tgrhpguth y phiogjtg pugbhj vgrek y bosiutorek dujtks* Wjh vgz hikrbhbk ge ckbgek gxpeoihtovk% ikjvogjg bhreg he ieogjtg ujh ikpoh pkr gsirotk phrh qug pugbh ikjsuethreh iuhjbk bgsgg k sg eg pobh* \hrh bgsihrthr qug gxosthj ktrks prk`egchs qug jk sg mhj bgtgithbk burhjtg eh gvheuhioùj% ikjvogjg prgfujthr he ieogjtg so mhy hefôj tgch qug jk sg mh h`krbhbk y qug bgsghrãh ikcgjthr* Hsocosck% ge tgrhpguth bg`g hsgfurhrsg bg qug ge ieogjtg ikcprgjbg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj> phrh geek% pugbg pgboreg qug eh gxpeoqug ikj sus prkpohs pheh`rhs k mhigreg prgfujths sk`rg eks hs# pgitks qug skspgimh qug jk mh ikcprgjbobk*

Ihsk bg jk heihjzhr uj hiugrbk ikj ge ieogjtg sk`rg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj bg sus prk`egchs% pugbg pehjtgèrsgeg eh ikjvgjogjioh bg eegvhr h ih`k hefujh prug`h gcpãroih phrh ikcprk`hr quï mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sg hdusth cès h eks mgimks> hsã% gj ge ihsk bg uj phiogjtg mopkikjbrãhik% gstg pkbrãh skcgtgr h prug`h so sus sãjtkchs skcètoiks skj ojboihtovks bg gjagrcgbhb% ikck ïe irgg% k bg ujh rgspugsth bg hjsogbhb% ikck supkjg ge tgrhpguth* Ktrh pkso`oeobhb gs pgbor he ieogjtg qug sg ikcprkcgth h sgfuor burhjtg uj togcpk eocothbk ge trhthcogjtk qug sg eg prkpkjbrè y hjheozhr eks rgsuethbks k`tgjobks* Yo ge ieogjtg jk gstè bg hiugrbk ikj jojfujh bg gsths hetgrjhtovhs% gxostgj bks kpiokjgs4 h/ gcpgzhr h trh`hdhr bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh bge ieogjtg y ckboaoihr prkfrgsovh# cgjtg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj gj aujioùj bg eks bhtks qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk% k `/ bgrovhr he ieogjtg h ktrk prkagsokjhe* Rrhs heihjzhr uj hiugrbk sk`rg eh ikjigptuheozhioùj bge prk`egch k prk`egchs% ge sofuogjtg phsk gs sgegiiokjhr eks prk`egchs h ckboaoihr y hikrbhr eks k`dgtovks ikjirgtks h heihjzhr*

\rkigsk # 06

GYRH@EGIOCOGJRK BG K@DGROQKY Ek mh`otuhe gs qug uj phiogjtg prgsgjtg vhroks prk`egchs susigpto`egs bg sgr trhthbks* \kr thjtk% mhy qug bgiobor gj procgr eufhr sk`rg iuèegs bg gsks prk`egchs sg vh h ojtgrvgjor* Gj sgfujbk eufhr% so mhy vhroks prk`egchs h trhthr% gs ocprk`h`eg qug pugbhj sgr h`krbhbks tkbks h eh vgz% yh qug gstk ocpeoihrãh ujh thrgh ojfgjtg y boaãioecgjtg rgheozh`eg phrh ge ieogjtg* Gj ikjsg# iugjioh% sg trhth bg gsth`egigr ujhs prokrobhbgs bg hituhioùj 4 bgiobor quï prk`egchs sg vhj h trhthr y sgegiiokjhr quï prk`egch k prk`egchs sg vhj h ikjsobgrhr procgrk* \hrh geek% gxostgj ujks irotgroks krogjthtovks h sgfuor4 #

Qhekrgs y prgagrgjiohs bge ieogjtg* Wj phiogjtg pugbg jk qugrgr trhthr uj prk`egch% he cgjks ojoiohecgjtg% hujqug ge tgrhpguth ikjsobgrg qug gs ocpkrthjtg y gstè ojtgraorogjbk gj su vobh -p*gd*% uj ikjaeoitk chrothe gj ge ihsk bg ujh pgrskjh hfkrhaù`oih/*

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Qhekrgs y prgagrgjiohs bge tgrhpguth* Iogrtks tgrhpguths pugbgj jk bgsghr hyubhr h uj phiogjtg h rgskevgr sus prk`egchs sgxuhegs gj ujh rgehioùj gxtrhchtrockjohe k h supgrhr su ikcpegdk bg iueph`oeobhb pkr prhitoihr h`krtks*

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Frhvgbhb bge prk`egch* Yg ikcogjzh pkr hqugeeks prk`egchs qug supkjfhj uj chykr pgeofrk phrh ge ieogjtg u ktrhs pgrskjhs k ujh chykr ojtgragrgjioh gj eh vobh bg hquge k gs# ths*

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Chegsthr qug ge prk`egch prkvkih gj ge ieogjtg y+k gj ktrhs pgrskjhs* Gstg chegsthr jk togjg pkr quï sgr prkpkriokjhe h eh frhvgbhb bge prk`egch*

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Pgehioùj bg bgpgjbgjioh gjtrg eks prk`egchs* Yo ujk k cès prk`egchs bgpgjbgj bg ktrk% ujh `ugjh kpioùj sgrãh ikcgjzhr pkr gstg ôetock* Hsã% so ge gsthbk bgprgsovk bg uj ieogjtg gs ujh aujioùj bg su bïaoiot bg hsgrioùj% pkbrãh gcpgzhrsg pkr gstg ôetock h jk sgr qug eh bgprgsoùj augrh thj sgroh qug mu`ogrh bg sgr ikjsobgrhbh procgrk*

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\rk`h`oeobhb bg ïxotk h ikrtk y ehrfk pehzk bge trhthcogjtk bge prk`egch*

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Ikstg prk`h`eg bge trhthcogjtk gj tïrcojks bg togcpk% gsaugrzk y bojgrk* \kr gdgc# pek% gj uj ieogjtg ikj `hdh cktovhioùj pugbg ikcgjzhrsg pkr trhthr prk`egchs cgjkrgs ikj ge aoj bg k`tgjgr ihc`oks jkth`egs h ikrtk pehzk qug heogjtgj he ieogjtg h h`krbhr prk# `egchs cès ocpkrthjtgs*

Wjh vgz iehrhs ehs prokrobhbgs% ge sofuogjtg phsk gs dustoaoihr eh jgigsobhb bg gsth`egigr k`dgto# vks gspgiãaoiks h heihjzhr rgspgitk he prk`egch k prk`egchs sgegiiokjhbks y gsth`egigr boimks k`dgtovks* Bg gstg ckbk% tgrhpguth y ieogjtg sh`gj iuèegs skj eks prkpùsotks ikjirgtks bg su ikj# thitk% sg ahioeoth eh sgegiioùj bg gstrhtgfohs tgrhpïutoihs hbgiuhbhs y sg bospkjg bg ujks irotgroks iehrks phrh gvheuhr eks prkfrgsks y pkjgr aoj he trhthcogjtk* Hbgcès% ge mgimk bg gsth`egigr k`dg# tovks iehrks ahioeoth ehs hiiokjgs bge phiogjtg bg ihrh h ikjsgfuoreks y togjg pkr thjtk uj gagitk cktovhbkr y tgrhpïutoik*

Gdgcpek bg uj k`dgtovk jk ek `hsthjtg gspgiãaoik phrh uj phiogjtg hfkrhaù`oik sgrãh "sheor cès k pkbgr ikcprhr skek"* Wj `ugj gdgcpek sgrãh "ikfgr ge cgtrk ihbh bãh phrh boroforsg h su trh`hdk% soj or hikcphøhbk bg jhbog ikjkiobk% pkr ek cgjks burhjtg 8< bãhs sgfuobks y ikj ujh hjsogbhb bg 9 k cgjks gj ujh gsiheh bg <#8<"* Gj ge ihsk bg uj joøk gjurïtoik jkiturjk ge k`dgto# vk pugbg sgr jk ckdhr eh ihch jo ge podhch burhjtg uj cgs sgfuobk ikj eh pkso`eg gxigpioùj bg ujh jkimg*

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Eks k`dgtovks gsth`egiobks bg`gj iucpeor ujh sgrog bg ihrhitgrãstoihs4 #

Bg`gj rgspkjbgr h ehs jgigsobhbgs bge ieogjtg y sgr% pkr ek thjtk% ojbovobuheozhbks*

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Bg`gj sgr rgheosths% gs bgior% jk bg`gj pehjtghrsg cgths iuyh prk`h`oeobhb bg ikjsgfuor# sg sgh cuy `hdh* \kr gdgcpek% heihjzhr ge pgsk obghe gj ge ihsk bg uj frhj k`gsk*

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Bg`gj sgr gspgiãaoiks* Gs bgior% mhy qug bgsiro`or quï ikjbuiths -chjoaogsths k gjiu`ogr# ths/ bg`gj ojsthurhrsg% ojirgcgjthrsg% geocojhrsg k rgbuiorsg% gj quï sotuhiokjgs y ikj quï argiugjioh% burhioùj k ojtgjsobhb* Cuimks ieogjtgs togjgj prk`egchs phrh sgr gspgiã# aoiks bgaojoioùj susikck k`dgtovks> mh`ehj%hjtgs* pkr gdgcpek% bg cgdkrhr su hutkgstoch%qug sgr ageoigsgjkehsgjtorsg thj bg `ogj sg sgjtãhj Hjtg gstk% pugbg prgfujtèrsgegs mhrãhj% sgjtorãhj y+k pgjshrãhj bg akrch boagrgjtg so gstk kiurrogsg* Yo ge prk`egch pgrsos# tg% pugbg kargiïrsgegs ujh eosth krhe k gsiroth bg pkso`egs k`dgtovks phrh qug sgegiiokjgj eks qug bgsggj*

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Bg`gj supkjgr ujh rgskeuioùj k he cgjks ujh cgdkrh susthjiohe bg eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg qug sg vhj h trhthr -irotgrok ieãjoik#skiohe/*

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Bg`gj gjahtozhr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk gaoihz bge ieogjtg gj su cgbok hc`ogjtg* Hbgcès% mhy qug ojtgjthr prkckvgr uj ojirgcgjtk bg gxpgrogjiohs shtosahitkrohs y jk eocothrsg sù# ek h rgbuior k geocojhr ge chegsthr gckiokjhe k ehs ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs*

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Bg`gj sgr hikrbhbks ikj ge ieogjtg y jk ocpugstks pkr ge tgrhpguth u ktrhs pgrskjhs* Iuhjbk mhyh vhroks ieogjtgs% ikck suigbg gj eh tgrhpoh bg phrgdh y ahcoeohr% tkbks geeks bg`gj gsthr bg hiugrbk gj eks k`dgtovks h ekfrhr* Ikjvogjg sgøhehr% pkr ktrh phrtg% qug k`dgtovks cuy htgckrozhjtgs k qug ge ieogjtg pugbg jk tgjgr iehrks gj ge ckcgjtk hituhe jk togjgj pkr quï sgr cgjiokjhbks bg gjtrhbh y qug ktrks k`dgtovks jk togjgj pkr quï sgr kpgrhiokjheozhbks ikj ge phiogjtg * \kr gdgcpek% pkbgcks ikcphrtor ikj ge ieogjtg ge k`dgtovk bg gegvhr ge gsthbk bg èjock% pgrk jk qug gstk sg bgtgrcojhrè shihjbk cgjks bg ujh pujtuhioùj ] gj iogrtk iugstokjhrok*

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Bg`gj sgr higpth`egs phrh ge ieogjtg y phrh ge tgrhpguth * \kr gdgcpek% gstg ôetock pug# bg jk gsthr bg hiugrbk ikj ge k`dgtovk bg ujks phbrgs bg qug su modk hbkegsigjtg egs k`g# bgzih sogcprg*

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Yogcprg qug sgh pkso`eg% bg`gj sgr rgbhithbks gj tïrcojks pksotovks -ek qug mhy qug mhigr/ gj vgz bg gj tïrcojks jgfhtovks -ek qug jk mhy qug mhigr/* \kso`egs gdgcpeks skj ―gcpeghr ge prgsgrvhtovk– gj vgz bg ―jk prhitoihr ikjbuiths sgxuhegs bg rogsfk– u ―gc# peghr hrfucgjtks ahvkrh`egs hjtg ujh pgtoioùj bgjgfhbh y higpthr ge bgrgimk bg eks bg# cès h bgjgfhr ujh pgtoioùj– gj vgz bg ―jk pgeghrsg ikj ktrks iuhjbk jk sg ikjsofug ek qug sg bgsgh–*

Yo augrh jgigshrok cktovhr he ieogjtg mhioh hefujhs bg ehs cgths tgrhpïutoihs% sg bospkjg bg hefujks cgboks qug skj ikcgjthbks gj ge tgch Mh`oeobhbgs tgrhpïutoihs* \kr gdgcpek% ge ieogjtg pugbg geh`krhr ujh chtroz bg bgiosoùj ikj ehs ikjsgiugjiohs pksotovhs y jgfhtovhs h ikrtk y h ehrfk pehzk bg ekfrhr k jk sus k`dgtovks% y vhekrhr boimhs ikjsgiugjiohs* Gj eks ihsks gj eks qug eks phiogjtgs togjgj cogbk h ehs ikjsgiugjiohs bge ihc`ok% mh`rè qug prkpkjgr eh ikjsgiuioùj bg gstg bg ckbk cuy frhbuhe% ikck cgbobh bg sgfurobhb y ikck akrch bg ikcprk`hr so eks cogbks gstèj rghecgjtg aujbhbks* Eks k`dgtovks pugbgj or borofobks h4 h/ Ckboaoihr ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs y eks ahitk# rgs qug ojaeuygj gj ehs coschs> pkr gdgcpek% ihc`ohr ehs phuths bg ikcujoihioùj gjtrg uj phbrg

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y ujh modh qug mhigj qug gsth hih`g sogcprg eekrhjbk% sgphrhr h uj joøk bg eh ahcoeoh qug ek che# trhth aãsoihcgjtg% rgbuior k geocojhr ehs ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj bg uj phiogjtg aù`oik* `/ Hyubhr he ieogjtg h hbhpthrsg cgdkr h eh sotuhioùj prk`egcètoih> pkr gdgcpek% higpthr qug sg togjg ujh gjagrcgbhb ojiurh`eg% qug jk sg pkbrè tgjgr modks% qug ujk sg pkjg rkdk gj iogrths sotuhiokjgs% qug jugstrh phrgdh gs tgrro`egcgjtg bgskrbgjhbh k qug h ujh bgtgrcojhbh gbhb sgrè cuy boaãioe gjikjtrhr trh`hdk* Gs pkso`eg qug ujh vgz sgegiiokjhbks eks prk`egchs h trhthr y ikcgjzhbk ge trhthcogjtk% ge ieogjtg ikcujoqug jugvks prk`egchs qug mhsth ge ckcgjtk jk mh`ãh cgjiokjhbk k qug mhj sur# fobk gj ge iursk bg eh tgrhpoh* Gj gstks ihsks mhy qug bgtgrcojhr eh ocpkrthjioh bg boimks prk`eg# chs y gj aujioùj gsth% pkspkjgr k gcpgzhr su gvheuhioùj phiogjtg* Yoy ge prk`egch augrh bg cès urfgjtg qug eks qug sg gstèj trhthjbk% ysgdustoaoihr hetgrhrãh ehge bgiosoùj krbgj bgheprokrobhbgs sg gsth`egigrãhj% pkr thjtk% jugvks k`dgtovks* \kr ktrh phrtg% so ge jugvk prk`egch hagithrh h eks prk`egchs qug sg gstèj trhthjbk k h eh ojtgrvgjioùj hpeoihbh% sg tgjbrãh gstk gj iugjth h eh mkrh bge trhthcogjtk* Wjh vgz hikrbhbks eks k`dgtovks% sg bospkjg yh bg eh ojakrchioùj jgigshroh phrh gxpeoihr gj eãjghs fgjgrhegs y dustoaoihr he ieogjtg -y h ktrhs pgrskjhs qug vhyhj h ikeh`krhr/ ge trhthcogjtk qug sg sgfuorè y ehs prk`h`oeobhbgs hprkxochbhs bg qug tgjfh ïxotk* Ikjvogjg qug ehs gxpgith# tovhs bg cgdkrh ikcujoihbhs he ieogjtg tgjfhj uj ihroz pksotovk% pgrk he cosck togcpk sghj rg# heosths* Ojbuior gxpgithtovhs gxhfgrhbhs qug eugfk jk sg ikjsofugj togjg uj ocphitk tgrhpïutoik iehrhcgjtg jgfhtovk* Gj iuhjtk h eh burhioùj hprkxochbh bge trhthcogjtk% ikjvogjg prgfujthr he ieogjtg sk`rg ge jôcgrk bg sgsokjgs qug hjtoioph% yh qug eks phiogjtgs sugegj gspgrhr uj jôcgrk `hsthjtg cès `hdk bg vosoths qug eks tgrhpguths y ge jôcgrk hjtoiophbk bg sgsokjgs gs ge cgdkr prgboitkr bg sgsokjgs htgjbobhs -Cugeegr y \gnhron% 0<< thc`oïj sg mh bg ojakrchr sk`rg eh argiugjioh y burhioùj bg ehs sgsokjgs* Gj hqugeeks ihsks gj qug jk pugbh gsth`egigrsg ujh `ugjh gstochioùj bg eh burhioùj hprkxochbh bge trhthcogjtk% pugbg aodhrsg uj eãcotg bg togcpk -p*gd*% = sgchjhs/ phrh gvheuhr ek qug sg mh ikjsgfuobk y ek qug qugbh pkr mhigr* Hsocosck% he prgsgjthr ge trhthcogjtk% sg gjahtozh ge phpge hitovk qug ge ieogjtg vh h dufhr gj ge prkigsk bg ihc`ok y ge gsaugrzk qug rgquogrg gstg% y sg gxpeoih ge rke bge tgrhpguth% ge iuhe gs uj ikeh`krhbkr qug hyubh% jk hefuogj qug hsucg eh rgspkjsh`oeobhb bg eh vobh bg eks phiogjtgs* Yg bgsthih hsocosck qug ge prkfrgsk jk sgrè eojghe% sojk qug mh`rè heto`hdks* Aojhecgjtg% sg pobg he ieogjtg qug gxprgsg su kpojoùj sk`rg ge trhthcogjtk y sk`rg eh utoeobhb bg gstg gj su ihsk* Hbgcès% sg eg hjoch h akrcuehr ehs bubhs% prgfujths u k`dgiokjgs qug tgjfh ikj eh aojheobhb bg qug pug# bhj sgr bosiutobhs y pugbh heihjzhrsg uj hiugrbk he rgspgitk* Wj phiogjtg bg`g bhr su ikjsgjtocogjtk ojakrchbk he trhthcogjtk* Gstk ocpeoih qug4 h/ Bg`g sgr ojakrchbk bg akrch ikcprgjso`eg bge trhthcogjtk qug sg eg vh h hpeoihr% bg sus k`dgtovks% bg eh burhioùj gstochbh bge cosck% bg ktrks pkso`egs trhthcogjtks hetgrjhtovks ygagitks bg ehshbvgrsks vgjthdhsyyikstg bgsvgjthdhs bg ihbh ujk -ojieuygjbk rgsuethbks prk`h`egs% pkso`egs gikjùcoik/* `/ Bg`g sgr ojakrchbk bg ehs iuheoaoihiokjgs prkagsokjhegs bge tgrhpguth ’ojieuygjbk su gxpgrogjioh gj fgjgrhe y ikj rgspgitk he prk`egch h trhthr’% bg so gstè sogjbk supgrvoshbk y bg eks eãcotgs bg eh ikjaobgjioheobhb* i/ Ge ikjsgjtocogjtk bg`g gsthr eo`rg bg prgsokjgs y ikhiioùj* b/ Ge ieogjtg pugbg rgtorhr ge ikjsgjtocogjtk gj iuhequogr ckcgjtk* Ge ikjsgjtocogjtk bg`g bhrsg pkr gsirotk gj ge ihsk bg trhthcogjtks qug ikcpkrtgj ojikjvg# jogjtgs jkth`egs qug pugbhj rgpgriutor gj eh sheub bge phiogjtg> thc`oïj gs hikjsgdh`eg qug sgh pkr gsirotk gj ge ihsk bg trhthcogjtks gxpgrocgjthegs* Wj hspgitk ocpkrthjtg h tgjgr gj iugjth gs

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qug uj phiogjtg togjg bgrgimk egfhe jk sùek h sgr ojakrchbk% sojk h rgjujiohr h rgio`or gsth ojakrchioùj* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% mh bg mhigrsg ikjsthr eh rgjujioh bkiucgjthecgjtg% soj qug gstk quogrh bgior qug jk mhyh bg k`tgjgrsg ge ikjsgjtocogjtk bge phiogjtg phrh eh ojtgrvgjioùj* Ygfôj eh Egy 28+0<<0 bg 82 bg jkvogc`rg% `èsoih rgfuehbkrh bg eh Hutkjkcãh bge \hiogjtg y bg Bgrgimks y K`eofhiokjgs gj Chtgroh bg Ojakrchioùj y Bkiucgjthioùj Ieãjoih -@KG bg 87#88#0<<0/ y eh Egy sk`rg eks Bgrgimks bg Ojakrchioùj Ikjigrjogjtg h eh Yheub y Hutkjkcãh bge \hiogjtg y eh Bkiucgjthioùj Ieãjoih bge \hrehcgjtk bg Ihtheuøh -@uteegtã Kaoiohe bge \hreh# cgjt bg Ihtheujyh bg 0=#80#0<<
BOYGØK BGE RPHRHCOGJRK Gsth ahsg sg supgrpkjg gj phrtg ikj eh hjtgrokr* Ge bosgøk bge prkfrhch bg ojtgrvgjioùj bg# pgjbg bg eh gvheuhioùj prgvoh rgheozhbh* Gj ktrhs pheh`rhs% bgpgjbg bg eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh bge chjtgjocogjtk bge prk`egch qug sg mh bgiobobk trhthr% bg ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bge prk`egch y bge ieogjtg y bg eh jhturhegzh bg eks k`dgtovks gsth`egiobks -p*gd*% jk gs ek cosck bgdhr bg `g`gr qug `g`gr ikjtrkehbhcgjtg> pkr ktrh phrtg% iuhjtk cès hc`oioksk sgh ge k`dgtovk cès phsks k su`# k`dgtovks bg`grè ojieuor ge trhthcogjtk phrh su ikjsgiuioùj/* Ge procgr phsk gs sgegiiokjhr hqugeehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs iuyh ckboaoihioùj pgrcotorè ge ihc`ok bg ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs y ge ekfrk bg eks k`dgtovks prkpugstks* \kr gdgcpek% gj ge ihsk bg ujh gjurgsos% vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs pugbgj sgr eh aheth bg pgrigpioùj bg ehs sgøhegs bg eh vgdofh eegjh y eh aheth bg ikjsgiugjiohs pkr ckdhr y jk ckdhr eh ihch* Gstg phsk gs eh ikjsg# iugjioh bg eh obgjtoaoihioùj bg ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs ocpkrthjtgs qug mh sobk rgheozhbh gj eh ahsg bg akrcuehioùj bg mopùtgsos*

Wjh vgz sgegiiokjhbhs ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs h ckboaoihr% mhy qug gegfor ehs tïijoihs y eks cgboks qug sg gcpeghrèj phrh ekfrhrek* \hrh geek% mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth eks sofuogjtgs irotgroks4 #

Gaoihioh bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj rgspgitk h ehs vhroh`egs h ckboaoihr% h sgr pkso`eg ikj ge topk bg ieogjtg ikj ge qug sg gstè trh`hdhjbk*

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Wtoeobhb ieãjoih bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj% gspgiohecgjtg eh fgjgrheozh`oeobhb bg eks rgsuethbks bg eh cosch h eks ikjtgxtks ieãjoiks rghegs*

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Gaoiogjioh bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj iuhjtk he togcpk% gsaugrzk y bojgrk rgqugrobks* Bks oj# tgrvgjiokjgs pugbgj sgr ofuhecgjtg gaoihigs% pgrk ujh sgr cès gaoiogjtg*

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\kso`egs gagitks sgiujbhroks pksotovks y jgfhtovks bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj> pkr gdgcpek% gj ikcphrhioùj h ujh gxpksoioùj frhbuhbh ujh ojujbhioùj pugbg prkbuior cuimh hjsogbhb*

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Qhroh`egs bge ieogjtg thegs ikck gbhb% rgiursks y eocothiokjgs -ihphiobhb bg hutkikjtrke% jovge ojtgegituhe% ihphiobhb bg ochfojhioùj% togcpk bospkjo`eg% muckr bgprocobk/% ckto# vhioùj y higpth`oeobhb g ocpkrthjioh qug eks prkigbocogjtks tgrhpïutoiks tgjfhj phrh ïe* \kr gdgcpek% gj aujioùj bge jovge bge ieogjtg sg bgiobg ge egjfuhdg gcpeghbk% so ehs ojs#

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truiiokjgs sg bhj pkr gsirotk k sùek mh`ehbhs% so sg gcpeghj cgboks hubokvosuhegs phrh oeustrhrehs y ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug sg rgpotgj* Wj pujtk aujbhcgjthe h tgjgr gj iugjth gs qug so gxostgj bovgrsks trhthcogjtks phrh ikjsgfuor eks k`dgtovks% ge ieogjtg bg`g sgr ojakrchbk bg eks coscks phrh qug pugbh geg# for ge qug prgaogrh* Ygfôj eh Egy 28+0<<0 bg 82 bg jkvogc`rg% `èsoih rgfuehbkrh bg eh Hutkjkcãh bge \hiogjtg y bg Bgrgimks y K`eofhiokjgs gj Chtgroh bg Ojakrchioùj y Bk# iucgjthioùj Ieãjoih -@KG bg 87#88#0<<0/% ge phiogjtg togjg bgrgimk egfhe h bgiobor% bgspuïs bg rgio`or eh ojakrchioùj hbgiuhbh% gjtrg ehs kpiokjgs ieãjoihs bospkjo`egs* #

ikck ikcpgtgjioh gj eh hpeoihioùj bg ehs bovgrshs tïijo# Qhroh`egs bge tgrhpguth ihs% prgagrgjiohs pkr ujhs thegs u ktrhs y vhekrgs ïtoiks -quozè jk quogrh gcpeghr prkigbocogj# tks hvgrsovks% p*gd*/* Yo ge tgrhpguth jk bkcojh ehs tïijoihs qug phrgigj cès hikjsgdh`egs phrh uj ihsk bhbk% pugbg ojtgjthr hprgjbgrehs k so jk% bg`grè bgrovhr he ieogjtg h ktrk prk# agsokjhe*

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Qhroh`egs bge cgbok thegs ikck pgrskjhs heegfhbhs qug pugbgj ikeh`krhr k ojtgragror% sgfôj eh higpth`oeobhb g ocpkrthjioh qug ehs cgths y prkigbocogjtks tgrhpïutoiks tgjfhj phrh geehs% y ikjtgxtks bg ojtgrvgjioùj bospkjo`egs -gsiugeh% trh`hdk% mkspothe% frupk/*

Ge prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk bg`g gspgioaoihr jk sùek quï tïijoihs sg vhj h gcpeghr y phrh quï ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs y vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs% sojk thc`oïj iuèe vh h sgr eh sgiugjioh tgcpk# rhe bg ehs tïijoihs hpeoihbhs% ojieuobk hquã ehs qug sg utoeozhrèj socuetèjghcgjtg* Hbgcès% ehs tïijoihs gegfobhs ocpeoihj ujk k cès bg eks sofuogjtgs ckbks bg ojtgrvgjioùj4 vgr`he -sogcprg sg bh/% ojstofhioùj% rgpeoihioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj borgith4 #

Ojstofhioùj* Ge ieogjtg rgheozh gj su cgbok jhturhe hitovobhbgs ikjvgjobhs ikj ge tgrhpgu# th phrh ikjsgfuor eks ihc`oks bgsghbks*

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Pgpeoihioùj* Yg socuehj k rgprgsgjthj gj eh ikjsueth sotuhiokjgs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg ikj prkpùsotks bg ihc`ok* \kr gdgcpek% gj eh gxpksoioùj ochfojhe ge ieogjtg ochfojh ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs* Ofuhecgjtg% ge gjtrgjhcogjtk gj mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs sg eegvh procg# rk h ih`k gj eh ikjsueth mhsth qug ge ieogjtg sg gjiugjtrh prgphrhbk phrh gxtgjbgrehs h eh vobh rghe*

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Ojtgrvgjioùj borgith* Ge tgrhpguth sg bgspehzh he cgbok bge ieogjtg ikj eh ojtgjioùj bg ckboaoihr eh ikjbuith borgithcgjtg k `ogj ehs tïijoihs skj hpeoihbhs gj ge cgbok jhturhe pkr phrtg bg pgrskjhs heegfhbhs -phbrgs% chgstrks% iuobhbkrgs/ ikj eks qug sg mh gcpegh# bk eh ojstofhioùj y+k eh rgpeoihioùj*

Hujqug ge pehj fgjgrhe bg trhthcogjtk h hpeoihr yh gstè hikrbhbk% eh akrch ikjirgth bg eeg# vhrek h ih`k sg vh bosgøhjbk phsk h phsk sofuogjbk eh sgiugjioh tgcpkrhe pehjoaoihbh y bg hiugrbk ikj ehs ojiobgjiohs qug sg vhyhj prkbuiogjbk* H gstg rgspgitk gs ocpkrthjtg hjtoiophr k obgjtoaoihr pkr ujh phrtg qug pugbhj gxos# ojtgjthr skeuiokjhr pkso`egs k`stèiueks tor phrh eh hpeoihioùj bge gtrhthcogjtk* Hsocosck%pkr mhyktrh qugeks gxpeoihr y dustoaoihr he ieogjtg -y h ktrhs pgrskjhs qug vhyhj h ikeh`krhr/ ihbh tïijoih gj ge ckcgjtk gj qug gs ojtrkbuiobh y pgboreg qug akrcueg iuhegsquogrh bubhs% prgfujths u k`dgiokjgs qug pugbh tgjgr ikj eh aojheobhb bg qug pugbhj sgr bosiutobhs y pugbh heihjzhrsg uj hiugrbk he rgspgitk* Aojhecgjtg% hujqug pkbrãhj utoeozhrsg bosgøks cgtkbkeùfoiks gxpgrocgjthegs k iuh# so#gxpgrocgjthegs% ek mh`otuhe gj eh ieãjoih iktobohjh gs gcpeghr uj bosgøk jk gxpgrocgjthe -p*gd*% bosgøk prgtgst#pkstgst/* Gstg topk bg bosgøk jk pgrcotg gxtrhgr ikjieusokjgs jo sk`rg eh gaoihioh bge trhthcogjtk jo sk`rg eh vheobgz bg ehs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs*

\rkigsk # 90

Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug eh fgjgrheozhioùj y chjtgjocogjtk bg eks ihc`oks pgrsgfuo# bks gs hefk qug bg`g sgr pehjoaoihbk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk gj vgz bg ikjaohr gj qug sg prkbuzihj hutkcètoihcgjtg*

H\EOIHIOÙJ BGE RPHRHCOGJRK _ GQHEWHIOÙJ BWPHJRG GE COYCK Ygh iuhe sgh ge trhthcogjtk h hpeoihr% ehs sgsokjgs bg trhthcogjtk togjgj ujh gstruiturh qug ojieuyg eks sofuogjtgs gegcgjtks -@gin% 8??7+0<<<> Vgees% 8??6/4 #

Pgvosoùj bg hutkojakrcg+s qug ge ieogjtg mh pkbobk ikjtgsthr gj ihsh k dustk hjtgs bg eh sgsoùj* @gin -8??7+0<<
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@rgvg rgvosoùj bg eh sgsoùj hjtgrokr * Yg prgfujth he phiogjtg quï ikshs eg phrgiogrkj ocpkrthjtgs bg eh sgsoùj hjtgrokr y so mhy hefk qug quogrh ikcgjthr* Iuhjbk uj phiogjtg jk rgiugrbh jhbh ocpkrthjtg% sg eg mhigj prgfujths phrh hyubhreg -―»rgiugrbh qug trh`h# dhcks sk`rg…;–/ k sg eg pobg qug rgphsg sus jkths bg eh sgsoùj hjtgrokr% gj ehs qug sg eg poboù qug hpujthrh burhjtg eh sgsoùj eks pujtks ocpkrthjtgs qug augrhj sheogjbk*

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Gsth`egiocogjtk bge krbgj bge bãh * Yg trhth bg bgtgrcojhr quï sg vh h mhigr gj eh sgsoùj y gj quï krbgj* Eh aojheobhb gs bk`eg4 h/ mhigr qug eh tgrhpoh jk sg bgsvãg bg eh ikjigp# tuheozhioùj bge prk`egch y bg eks k`dgtovks gspgiãaoiks pgrsgfuobks% y `/ prkpkriokjhr h eh vgz eh aegxo`oeobhb jgigshroh phrh trh`hdhr ikj ktrks prk`egchs iuhjbk surfgj y sg ikj# sobgrh ocpkrthjtg bgboihregs htgjioùj -p*gd*% irosos% gcpgkrhcogjtk jkth`eg/* Ge krbgj bg eh sgsoùj% hujqug prgvohcgjtg pgjshbk pkr ge tgrhpguth% sg tgrcojh bg gsth`egigr bg ik# côj hiugrbk ikj ge phiogjtg* Jhturhecgjtg% gj ehs procgrhs ahsgs bge trhthcogjtk ge tgrh# pguth sgrè cès borgitovk% yh qug ge ieogjtg sh`g pkik sk`rg eh tgrhpoh> gj ihc`ok% gj ehs ôetochs ahsgs eh chykr phrtg bg eh rgspkjsh`oeobhb pugbg rgihgr sk`rg ge phiogjtg*

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Pgvosoùj bg ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs* Yg trhth bg vgr iùck mhj obk ehs hitovobhbgs hikrbhbhs -h trhvïs bg eh rgvosoùj bg eks hutkrrgfostrks ikrrgspkjbogjtgs/% ek qug ge ph# iogjtg mh hprgjbobk bg ehs coschs% eks pkso`egs k`stèiueks qug mh mh`obk phrh su rgheozh# ioùj y ehs boaoiuethbgs qug mhj pkbobk surfor he eegvhrehs h ih`k* Bg`grèj `usihrsg skeu# iokjgs phrh h`krbhr eks prk`egchs bgtgithbks*

\rkigsk # 99

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Hpeoihioùj bg tïijoihs gspgiãaoihs* Eh chykrãh bg eh sgsoùj gstè bgboihbh he gcpegk bg tïijoihs borofobhs h trh`hdhr eks pujtks hikrbhbks gj ge krbgj bge bãh* Hsã% sg pugbgj iugs# tokjhr iogrtks pgjshcogjtks jgfhtovks% rgheozhr gxpgrocgjtks ikjbuituhegs bgjtrk bg eh sgsoùj k sgfuor ge prkigsk bg rgskeuioùj bg iogrtks prk`egchs yh ojoiohbk gj ujh sg# soùj hjtgrokr* Yo surfgj iugstokjgs jk ikjtgcpehbhs gj ge krbgj bge bãh% tgrhpguth y ph# iogjtg bgiobgj so gs cgdkr sgfuor ikj gstg k ojtrkbuior uj ihc`ok* H ek ehrfk bg eh sgsoùj% ge tgrhpguth vh mhiogjbk rgsôcgjgs bg eks pujtks cès ocpkrthjtgs y pobg he phiogjtg qug tkcg jkth bg gstks pujtks k% so gs jgigshrok% eg prkpkriokjh gsths jkths* Hsocosck% sg hsgfurh bg qug ge phiogjtg ikcprgjbg ek qug sg vh mhiogjbk*

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Ehsbge hitovobhbgs mhj\kr bgktrh sgr Hiugrbk ehsgehitovobhbgs h rgheozhrbgpgjbgrè gjtrg sgsokjgs hikrbhbhs%sk`rg hujqug jovge bg ikeh`krhioùj bg eh *ahsg trhthcogjtk* phrtg% ehs hitovobhbgs bg`gj bgrovhrsg bg ek qug sg mh trh`hdhbk gj eh sgsoùj% gsthr iehrh# cgjtg bgsiroths y dustoaoihbhs% y mhy qug trhthr bg hjtoiophr pkso`egs boaoiuethbgs phrh eh rgheozhioùj bg ehs coschs* Rgrhpguth y phiogjtg bg`gj qugbhrsg ikj ujh ikpoh gsiroth bg ehs hitovobhbgs phrh cojocozhr prk`egchs bg ojikcprgjsoùj u kevobk* Gj gstg cosck sgj# tobk% pugstk qug eks phiogjtgs rgiugrbhj sùek ujh phrtg cãjoch bg ehs sgsokjgs% ikjvogjg pgboregs qug tkcgj jkths bg eks pujtks ocpkrthjtgs qug vhj sheogjbk burhjtg eh sgsoùj k bhregs ujh iojth bg eh sgsoùj phrh qug eh gsiuimgj y hpujtgj eks hspgitks iehvg y ek qug jk mhj ikcprgjbobk*

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Pgsucgj y rgtrkheocgjthioùj bge phiogjtg* Eh sgsoùj sg tgrcojh pobogjbk he phiogjtg qug rgsuch eks pujtks projiophegs qug mh hprgjbobk k bgsiu`ogrtk> ge tgrhpguth pugbg hyubhr gj gstg prkigsk mhiogjbk prgfujths y kargiogjbk `rgvgs rgsôcgjgs* Aojhecgjtg% sg prgfujth he phiogjtg sk`rg su rghiioùj fek`he h eh sgsoùj% so mhy hefk qug jk eg mhyh fusthbk y so mhy iugstokjgs qug jk mhj qugbhbk iehrhs k mhj sobk pkik ikjsobgrhbhs* Bg sgr hsã% y so ge togcpk ek pgrcotg% sg kargig eh ojakrchioùj ikrrgspkjbogjtg> so jk gs pkso# `eg% phshj h akrchr phrtg bge krbgj bge bãh bg eh sofuogjtg sgsoùj*

Ge tgrhpguth bg`g tkchr jkths bg uj ckbk gsqugcètoik bg e hs sgsokjgs bg trhthcogjtk> uj gdgcpek pugbg vgrsg gj @gin -8??7+0<<<% pèf* =1/* Gj gsths jkths hpujth4 agimh y burhioùj bg eh sgsoùj% rgsucgj bg eks bhtks iuhjtothtovks bg gvheuhioùj% ikcgjthrok bg eh gvkeuioùj bge phiogjtg iuhjbk prgsgjtg ihc`oks jkth`egs% krbgj bge bãh hikrbhbk% rgvosoùj bg hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs% hiiokjgs k tïijoihs eegvhbhs h ih`k gj eh sgsoùj y rgsuethbks ekfrhbks% pkso`eg jugvks prk`egchs k boaoiuethbgs surfobks burhjtg eh sgsoùj y pehj phrh skeuiokjhreks% hitovobhbgs gjtrgs sgsokjgs g obghs bg trh`hdk phrh eh sofuogjtg sgsoùj* Burhjtg eh hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk sg sofug eegvhjbk h ih`k ujh gvheuhioùj ikjtojuh bg eks rgsuethbks qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk phrh ikcprk`hr so sg prkbuigj k jk eks ihc`oks gj ge sgjto# bk bgsghbk* Gsth gvheuhioùj rgquogrg sgfuor rgikfogjbk bhtks gcpeghjbk hefujk+s bg eks ojstru# cgjtks phshbks gj eh gvheuhioùj ojoiohe% gj projiopok hquge+eks qug sgh+j cès sgjso`eg+s h eks ihc`oks h ikrtk pehzk* Ek cès ikcôj gs utoeozhr eh gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks y+k hutkrrgfostrks* Ikjvogjg gjahtozhr qug soj ujh gvheuhioùj ikjtojuh% gs argiugjtg qug eks tgrhpguths jk sg pgrihtgj bg qug uj ieogjtg jk prkfrgsh* Jk gs rhrk qug sg gjfhøgj he rgspgitk bhjbk gxigsovh ocpkrthjioh h pgqugøhs cgdkrhs gs hspgitks jk sofjoaoihtovks k ikjieuygjbk qug uj phiogjtg qug sofug vojogjbk gs pkrqug gstè cgdkrhjbk -\grskjs y Conhco% 0<<0/* Gstks hutkrgs prgsgjthj uj hefkrotck ikj phsks qug hyubhj h prgvgjor% obgjtoaoihr% supgrhr y higpthr ge arhihsk tgrhpïutoik*

Rh`uehr eks bhtks qug sg vhj k`tgjogjbk y rgprgsgjthr bg akrch frèaoih eks cès ocpkrthj# tgs ikjstotuyg ujh augjtg ojcgbohth bg rgtrkheocgjthioùj phrh ge tgrhpguth y ge ieogjtg y ahioeoth eh bgtgiioùj rèpobh bg eks prkfrgsks k bg eh aheth bg eks coscks* Mhy qug prkiurhr prkckvgr htro`u# iokjgs ojtgrjhs phrh eks ekfrks ikjsgfuobks% gs bgior% qug gstks sghj htro`uobks pkr ge ieogjtg h su gsaugrzk y trh`hdk pgrskjhe gj vgz bg he tgrhpguth k h ktrhs augjtgs gxtgrjhs* Yo eks rgsuethbks

\rkigsk # 92

phriohegs ojboihj% trhs ge phsk bg uj togcpk rhzkjh`eg% qug ge trhthcogjtk gs pkik k jhbh gao# ihz% mhy qug ikjsobgrhr eks sofuogjtgs pujtks4 #

»Ykj gxhitks eks bhtks gj eks qug sg aujbhcgjth eh aheth bg prkfrgsk; »Mhy sgøhegs bg ihc`ok qug quozè jk sg mhyhj bgsiu`ogrtk; \ugbg qug eks cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj jk mhyhj sobk gcpeghbks ikrrgithcgjtg* K `ogj eh ikjieusoùj pugbg gsthr `hshbh jk gj bh# tks ikjirgtks% sojk gj ge sgjtocogjtk bge ieogjtg k bge tgrhpguth bg qug jhbh mh ihc`ohbk*

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Yo eks bhtks skj ikjirgtks y jk sg hprgioh prkfrgsk% mhy qug prgfujthrsg so ge trhthcogj# tk gstè sogjbk hpeoihbk sgfôj sg mh`ãh pehjghbk* Gs pkso`eg qug ge tgrhpguth% ge ieogjtg ktrhvïs pgrskjhs ikeh`krhbkrhs sg hphrtgj bg ehsYophuths ek iuheehspugbg sh`grsg bg prgfujths bgtheehbhs y rgfostrks* gs hsã%gsth`egiobhs% mhy qug hvgrofuhr rhzkjgs -p*gd*%h bïaoiot bg mh`oeobhbgs% aheth bg cktovhioùj% cogbks% k`dgiokjgs h eh ojtgrvgjioùj/ y hituhr gj ikjsgiugjioh*

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Yo ge trhthcogjtk gstè sogjbk hpeoihbk ikrrgithcgjtg% pgrk soj rgsuethr gaoihz% mhy qug pehjtghrsg so ikjvogjg ckboaoihr ge trhthcogjtk> pkr gdgcpek% bgboihjbk cès togc# pk h ujh tïijoih% vhrohjbk hspgitks bg ujh tïijoih k ojtrkbuiogjbk ujh tïijoih jugvh* Bg tkbks ckbks% eh cgdkr kpioùj sugeg sgr rgikjsobgrhr eh gvheuhioùj bge prk`egch y eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh% ek qug ocpeoih4 h/ gvheuhr bgtheehbhcgjtg pkso`egs ahitkrgs qug pugbhj gsthr ojaeuygjbk gj ge prk`egch k ojtgraorogjbk gj su trhthcogjtk% y `/ geh`krhr uj jugvk prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk* Gjtrg eks ahitkrgs h gvheuhr gs ocpkrthjtg ikjsobgrhr eks sofuogjtgs4 gstrïs irùjoik% gstrïs hfubk sgvgrk% gjagrcgbhbgs aãsoihs% ihrhitgrãstoihs pgr# skjhegs% pkso`egs `gjgaoioks bge trhstkrjk y ktrks prk`egchs jk bgtgithbks prgvohcgjtg k qug jk sg mh`ãhj ikjsobgrhbk sofjoaoihtovks> pkr gdgcpek% ktrks trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% aheth bg hsgrioùj% bgprgsoùj% mopkikjbrãh% prk`egchs ikjyufhegs% trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheo# bhb% h`usk bg susthjiohs* Yo jojfujh bg ehs kpiokjgs hjtgrokrgs aujiokjh% pugbg ikjsuethrsg ikj ktrk tgrhpguth% ikjsobgrhr ge gcpegk bg cgboihioùj -so jk sg gstè ushjbk yh/ y% gj ihsk jgigshrok% bgrovhr he ieogjtg

Mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth qug ge prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk pugbg sgr ckboaoihbk k sustotuo# bk jk sùek pkr rgsuethr ojgaoihz% sojk thc`oïj pkr ktrhs rhzkjgs thegs ikck surfocogjtk bg jugvks prk`egchs cès hprgcohjtgs% hphroioùj bg jugvks bhtks qug ckboaoqugj eh sotuhioùj k eh mopù# tgsos gxpeoihtovh -jugvhs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs% ihc`ok bg pgsk bg ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs/% gti* Iuhjbk eks bhtks prkpkriokjhbks pkr eh gvheuhioùj burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk ojboihj qug sg mhj heihjzhbk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks -yh sgh tkthecgjtg k eh chykr hprkxochioùj pkso`eg h eks coscks/% sg eegvh h ih`k ujh gvheuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk cès bgtheehbh y prgiosh% eh iuhe ikj# aorchrè k jk eh ikjvgjogjioh bg pkjgr aoj h eh tgrhpoh* Jk k`sthjtg% hjtgs bg heihjzhr gstg pujtk% tgrhpguth y ieogjtg bg`gj IKCGJTHP H \EHJOAOIHP EH RGPCOJHIOÙJ BG EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ* Hc`ks bg`gj vhekrhr eks ihc`oks ikjsgfuobks% bosiutor ek qug qugbh pkr mhigr%sgsokjgs bgdhr iehrk qug sg hprkxoch ge aojhe y ikjsobgrhr eh ikjvgjogjioh bg orgegsphiohjbk gjtrg k sustotuygjbk hefujhs bg gsths pkr ikjthitks tgegaùjoiks ikj tgrhpguth* ge togcpk Ikjvogjg bgboihr he cgjks 8#0 sgsokjgs h ahioeothr ge chjtgjocogjtk bg eks rgsuethbks y eh prgvgjioùj bg ehs rgihãbhs> hsã% sg pugbg rgcgckrhr eks prk`egchs h`krbhbks y ge trhthcogjtk sgfuobk% bosiutor eks ihc`oks ikjsgfuobks y iùck chjtgjgreks% ikcgjthr eks hspgitks h sg# fuor trh`hdhjbk% hjtoiophr pkso`egs k`stèiueks% sotuhiokjgs bg rogsfk y ikjtrhtogcpks% rgvoshr ehs gstrhtgfohs -thjtk pgrskjhegs ikck ikj hyubh bg ktrks/ phrh harkjthreks y kargigr eh pkso`oeo# bhb bg hiubor h sgsokjgs bg hpkyk k rgheozhr eehchbhs bg hyubh gj ihsk bg boaoiuethbgs ojchjg# dh`egs% irosos k rgihãbhs* Ge ieogjtg bg`g hih`hr ge trhthcogjtk ikj eh suaoiogjtg ikjaohjzh gj sus mh`oeobhbgs phrh chjtgjgr k sgfuor pktgjiohjbk eks ekfrks tgrhpïutoiks*

\rkigsk # 97

Fgjgrhecgjtg% gs ge ieogjtg quogj gj ôetock tïrcojk bgiobg so eg ikjvogjg ikjtojuhr ikj ge trhthcogjtk% so mh ekfrhbk yh uj prkfrgsk suaoiogjtg k so eg ojtgrgsh h`hjbkjhr eh tgrhpoh pkr ktrks cktovks* Hsã pugs% eh ikjsgiuioùj bg eks k`dgtovks prkpugstks jk gs eh ôjoih rhzùj bg aojheozh# ioùj bge trhthcogjtk* Ktrhs rhzkjgs skj4 h/ Ge tgrhpguth vg qug ge ieogjtg sg gsthjih trhs heihjzhr uj iogrtk prkfrgsk ojsuaoiogjtg h pgshr bg mh`gr ojtrkbuiobk eks ihc`oks qug mh ikjsobgrhbk ikjvgjogjtgs* `/ Ge tgrhpguth ikcprug`h qug ge ieogjtg jk ihc`oh k ojieusk gcpgkrh trhs uj togcpk rh# zkjh`eg bg tgrhpoh h pgshr bg mh`gr ojtrkbuiobk eks ihc`oks kpkrtujks* i/ Ge ieogjtg h`hjbkjh ge trhthcogjtk% ek iuhe pugbg sgr bg`obk h ujh bovgrsobhb bg ckto# vks4 shtosahiioùj ikj ek yh ikjsgfuobk -p*gd*% ge ieogjtg irgg qug mh ekfrhbk ujh cgdkrh suaoiogjtg k sg sogjtg ihphz bg sgfuor skek/% bgigpioùj ikj ek ekfrhbk% gsthjihcogjtk bg eks rgsuethbks% gcpgkrhcogjtk% cheh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% aheth bg hiugrbk sk`rg ge trhth# cogjtk k sk`rg ehs cgths% pkih ikjaohjzh gj ge trhthcogjtk% trhthcogjtk cuy gxofgjtg k qug rgquogrg cès gsaugrzk bge qug sg pugbg k bgsgh ojvgrtor% ojtgrvgjioùj bgchsohbk ehr# fh k ikcpegdh% trhthcogjtk ikj gagitks sgiujbhroks ojbgsghbks -p*gd*% hjfustoh% pïrbobh bg ikjtrke pgrskjhe% boscojuioùj bg eh hutkgstoch/% ojtgragrgjioh pkr phrtg bg ktrks -p*gd*% eh phrgdh gjiugjtrh ojjgigshrok sgfuor ikj ge trhthcogjtk/% ktrhs rhzkjgs gxtgrjhs -iugstokjgs gikjùcoihs% mkrhroks% gjagrcgbhb% ihc`ok bg eufhr bg rgsobgjioh% ktrhs rgspkjsh`oeobh# bgs/* Gs ojtgrgshjtg rgchrihr qug eks tgrhpguths gstochj uj pkrigjthdg bg h`hjbkjk bge trhthcogjtk qug gs eh cothb bge qug rghecgjtg sg prkbuig -bge 97' he 17' pkr ek fgjgrhe/* Hsocosck% gj he# fujks gstuboks sg mh prgfujthbk h tgrhpguths y phiogjtgs pkr ehs rhzkjgs bge h`hjbkjk bge trhth# cogjtk* Eks procgrks% gj ikcphrhioùj h eks sgfujbks% cgjiokjhj cès argiugjtgcgjtg eh cgdkrh bge ieogjtg y cgjks argiugjtgcgjtg eh ojshtosahiioùj ikj ge trhthcogjtk k ge tgrhpguth -Rkbb% Bgh# jg y @rhfbkj% 0<<9/* Ktrk bhtk ojtgrgshjtg gs qug h vgigs eks ieogjtgs ojakrchj bg rhzkjgs gxtgr# jhs phrh ge h`hjbkjk% pgrk rghecgjtg ek qug su`yhig gs ujh ojshtosahiioùj ikj eh tgrhpoh*

Eh bgiosoùj bg h`hjbkjhr ge trhthcogjtk pugbg sgr ikcujoihbh borgithcgjtg he tgrh# pguth% pugbg sgr hjujiohbh ojborgithcgjtg -ge ieogjtg gcpogzh h pgrbgr sgsokjgs soj ihush dustoao# ihbh k h prkfrhchrehs ikj cgjks argiugjioh% jk rgheozh ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs% mh`eh gj ehs sgsokjgs bg tgchs pkik prkbuitovks% gti*/ k pugbg sgr eegvhbh h ih`k soj jojfôj hvosk* Iuhjbk sg ikjsobgrh qug uj ieogjtg h`hjbkjh prgchturhcgjtg eh tgrhpoh% ikjvogjg pk# jgrsg gj ikjthitk ikj ïe phrh ojtgjthr hvgrofuhr eks cktovks% hjheozhreks% `usihr pkso`egs skeuiok# jgs y% sgfôj eks ihsks% pgboreg qug skpgsg eks prks y ikjtrhs bg sgfuor k jk ikj ge trhthcogjtk* \kr ek qug sg rgaogrg he hjèeosos bg eks cktovks% mh`rè qug ikjsobgrhr% pkr gdgcpek% so eh cgdkrh ikjsg# fuobh gs rghecgjtg suaoiogjtg% so eh bgigpioùj ikj eks rgsuethbks gstè dustoaoihbh k sg `hsh gj gx# pgithtovhs pkik rgheosths sk`rg eh rhpobgz bg eks coscks% so ge gsthjihcogjtk k gcpgkrhcogjtk gs the k socpegcgjtg phshdgrk% rhzkjgsgti* phrh eks cheks rgsuethbks% eks hspgitks bge trhthcogjtk k bg eh hefk rgehioùj qug jkehsskjpkso`egs shtosahitkroks% Gj aujioùj bge hjèeosos hjtgrokr% pkso`egs skeuiokjgs skj rggstruiturhr obghs gquovkihbhs y sgfuor ikj ge trhthcogjtk% ojtrkbuior ihc`oks gj gstg k gj eh chjgrh bg rgehiokjhrsg ikj ge ieogjtg% ckboaoihr eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks% rgbuior ge ikstg bg ehs sgsokjgs k prgfujthr he ieogjtg so bgsgh ikjtojuhr ge trhthcogjtk ikj ktrk tgrhpguth y% bg sgr hsã% ahioeothreg ujk k cès jkc`rgs so quogrg* Yo ge phiogjtg jk bgsgh ikjtojuhr% mhy qug rgspgthr su bgiosoùj y bgdhr h`ogrths ehs pugrths h ujh pk# so`eg rghjubhioùj bg eh tgrhpoh* Yoj gc`hrfk% gj ge ihsk bg trhstkrjks ikj ocpeoihiokjgs frhvgs so jk skj trhthbks -bgprgsoùj chykr ikj rogsfk bg suoiobok% phobkaoeoh/% mhy qug pkjgr uj gcpgøk gspgiohe gj qug vugevhj h ikjsueth k bgrovhreks h ktrk igjtrk*

\rkigsk # 91

Gj hefujks ihsks ge ieogjtg quogrg sgfuor ikj eh tgrhpoh cogjtrhs qug ge tgrhpguth irgg kpkrtujk aojheozhreh* \ugbg mh`gr vhroks cktovks phrh gstk4 h/ gxostgj ktrks prk`egchs qug ge tgrh# pguth jk ikjkig k jk ikjsobgrh ocpkrthjtgs% `/ ge phiogjtg pogjsh qug jk mh cgdkrhbk ek suaoiogj# tg% i/ ge phiogjtg gstè ojsgfurk bg chjtgjgr eh cgdkrh soj eh hyubh bge tgrhpguth% b/ ge ieogjtg mh gsth`egiobk ujh rgehioùj bg bgpgjbgjioh ikj ge tgrhpguth% g/ ge tgrhpguth quogrg hih`hr ge trhth# cogjtk pkr rhzkjgs jk tgrhpïutoihs* \kso`egs ojboioks bg bgpgjbgjioh rgspgitk he tgrhpguth mhioh ge aojhe bge trhthcogjtk skj eh rgsostgjioh h hih`hr ge cosck `hsèjbksg gj rhzkjgs vhfhs k pkik ikjvojigjtgs% eh rghphroioùj k ojtgjsoaoihioùj hphrgjtg bg bg prk`egchs y geikjvogjg ojtgrïs gjhjheozhr trhthr ktrks prk`egchs qug ge tgrhpguthsoj jkihush vg ikck cktovks ikjsueth*bge Gjieogjtg gstg ihsk% eks cktovks bge phiogjtg phrh sgfuor eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% vhekrhr eks prks y eks ikjtrhs bg ikjtojuhr ikj ge trh# thcogjtk y% h phrtor bg hquã% gsth`egigr bg cutuk hiugrbk phuths bg hiioùj qug ahvkrgzihj ge ikc# pkrthcogjtk prkfrgsovhcgjtg cès ojbgpgjbogjtg bge ieogjtg*

\hrh prgvgjor k cojocozhr ge prk`egch bg bgpgjbgjioh rgspgitk he tgrhpguth% pugbg prkigbgrsg bge sofuogjtg ckbk4 h/ krogjthr prkfrgsovhcgjtg he ieogjtg mhioh ujh vhekrhioùj pksoto# vh bge aujiokjhcogjtk ojbgpgjbogjtg% `/ hegjthr ehs bgckstrhiokjgs prkfrgsovhs bg ojoiohtovh pgr# skjhe% i/ rgbuior prkfrgsovhcgjtg ge phpge dufhbk pkr ge tgrhpguth gj ihbh sgsoùj% b/ bgsvhjgigr frhbuhecgjtg ehs sgsokjgs tgrhpïutoihs gj vgz bg tgrcojhrehs `rusihcgjtg -gs bgior% or hcpeohjbk ge togcpk gjtrg sgsokjgs/% y g/ prkiurhr hehrfhr ek cgjks pkso`eg eh burhioùj bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj* Gj kihsokjgs% uj tgrhpguth pugbg qugrgr hih`hr eh ojtgrvgjioùj pkr cktovks jk tgrhpïu# toiks4 h/ ge phiogjtg eg rgsueth hjtopètoik k h`urrobk% `/ ge ieogjtg eg rgiugrbh k mhig rgvovor hefôj prk`egch prkpok% i/ gstè phshjbk ujh cheh ïpkih% b/ jk pugbg chjgdhr h uj ieogjtg boaãioe k bg# pgjbogjtg* Gj gstks ihsks% ge tgrhpguth pkbrãh `usihr supgrvosoùj pkr phrtg bg ktrk prkagsokjhe hjtgs bg qug ge chegsthr sgh thj augrtg qug ge ôjoik rgiursk sgh aojheozhr eh tgrhpoh k bgrovhr he ph# iogjtg* Iuhjbk uj tgrhpguth sh`g ikj hjtgehioùj qug jk pkbrè hih`hr eh tgrhpoh ikj uj phiogjtg -p*gd*% gs uj rgsobgjtg ikj uj togcpk eocothbk bg pgrchjgjioh gj uj igjtrk% vh h trhsehbhrsg% vh h sgr kpgrhbk/% bg`g hbvgrtor he phiogjtg ikj hjtgehioùj y gsthr htgjtk h sus pkso`egs rghiiokjgs% hbgehjthreg thc`oïj ge jkc`rg bge jugvk tgrhpguth qug eg htgjbgrè% bhreg rgagrgjiohs pksotovhs bge cosck g ojboihreg% so gs pkso`eg% qug sg rgheozhrè ikj ge cosck hefujh sgsoùj ikjdujth prgvoh* Iuhjbk sg higrih ge ckcgjtk% mhy qug4 h/ prgsthr htgjioùj h eks pkso`egs sgjtocogjtks bg h`hjbk# jk% trostgzh% hjsogbhb% ojsgfurobhb k gjahbk% `/ rgvoshr mhsth bùjbg sg mh eegfhbk% y i/ ikcujoihr gxpgithtovhs pksotovhs sk`rg eh ikjtojuhioùj bge trhthcogjtk ikj ge jugvk tgrhpguth*

EH GQHEWHIOÙJ RPHY GE RPHRHCOGJRK _ EH RGPCOJHIOÙJ BGE COYCK Yg trhth bg vkevgr h hpeoihr eks coscks ojstrucgjtks utoeozhbks gj eh gvheuhioùj prgtrhth# cogjtk phrh vhekrhr eks ihc`oks ekfrhbks y ge frhbk gj qug sg mhj ikjsgfuobk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks* Gj eh gvheuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk pugbg ojieuorsg hefujh jugvh cgbobh ikck hefôj iugstokjhrok bg shtosahiioùj ikj ge trhthcogjtk y ujh gsiheh bg vhekrhioùj gj eh qug ieogjtg y tgrh# pguth iheoaoqugj ge frhbk gj qug ge procgrk mh cgdkrhbk gj sus bovgrsks prk`egchs y ge frhbk gj qug eg sofugj hagithjbk k pgrtur`hjbk*

Eh gvheuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk gs ocpkrthjtg yh qug pgrcotg sh`gr ge frhbk bg ihc`ok ikjsgfuobk y eh cgbobh gj qug sg mhj heihjzhbk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks* Gsth ojakrchioùj bg`g sgr ikcphrtobh ikj ge phiogjtg* \kr ktrh phrtg% so sg mh gcpeghbk uj bosgøk bg ojvgstofhioùj gxpg#

\rkigsk # 96

rocgjthe% iksh gxtrgchbhcgjtg ojargiugjtg gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih mh`otuhe% sg pkbrè4 h/ vhekrhr eh gaoihioh bge trhthcogjtk hpeoihbk -gs bgior% so ge ihc`ok ikjsgfuobk gs htro`uo`eg he trhthcogjtk hpeoihbk/ y+k `/ ikjtrhsthr ehs mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs* Wj socpeg bosgøk prg#pkst jk pgrcotg gx# trhgr ikjieusokjgs sk`rg gstks hspgitks* \hrh bgiobor ge jovge bg ihc`ok ekfrhbk gj ehs bostojths vhroh`egs bgpgjbogjtgs pugbg sgfuorsg uj irotgrok iuhjtothtovk y uj irotgrok ieãjoik#skiohe*

HJÈEOYOY IWHJRORHROQK BG EKY PGYWERHBKY Ge irotgrok iuhjtothtovk ocpeoih ikcphrhr eks bhtks pkstrhthcogjtk ikj eks bhtks k`tgjobks gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk k% so gs ge ihsk% ikj eks bhtks k`tgjobks gj uj frupk bg ikjtrke -p*gd*% bg eosth bg gspgrh/* Eh ikcphrhioùj pugbg mhigrsg h jovge frèaoik k gsthbãstoik* Wj cïtkbk sgjioeek bg ekfrhr gstk gs iheiuehr ge pkrigjthdg bg cgdkrh rgsthjbk eh pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk bg eh pujtuhioùj prgtrhthcogjtk y bovobogjbk gstg rgsuethbk pkr eh pujtuhioùj prgtrhthcogjtk* Yg ikjso# bgrh qug mh mh`obk ujh cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh so ge pkrigjthdg rgsuethjtg gs ofuhe k chykr qug uj bgtgrcojhbk vhekr hr`otrhrok% ge iuhe mh vhrohbk% sgfôj eks hutkrgs% bge 0<' he 7<'* Ktrk cïtkbk gs utoeozhr ge ãjboig bg ihc`ok gsthbãstoihcgjtg aoh`eg qug sg bgsiro`g cès h`hdk* Iuhjbk sg gcpeghj vhrohs cgbobhs% pugbg bhrsg uj pujtk pkr ihbh ujh bg geehs gj qug mhyh mh`obk uj ihc# `ok iuhjtothtovk y iheiuehr uj jovge bg cgdkrh sgfôj ge jôcgrk bg pujtks k`tgjobk* \ugbg vgrsg uj gdgcpek cès h`hdk% iuhjbk sg mh`eh bg eks irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe -jo# vge bg cgdkrh/*

Yo ge pkso`eg ihc`ok iuhjtothtovk k`sgrvhbk quogrg htro`uorsg he trhthcogjtk % sgrè jgigsh# rok qug sg iucpehj eks rgquosotks bge bosgøk gxpgrocgjthe qug sg mhyh gcpeghbk -so gs ge ihsk/* \kr gdgcpek% gj uj bosgøk H#@#H#@ eks bhtks bg`gj rgvgrtor gj eh sgfujbh ahsg H y heihjzhr gj eh sgfujbh ahsg @ he cgjks ge jovge bg gdgiuioùj heihjzhbk gj eh procgrh ahsg @* Gj uj bosgøk bg eãjgh `hsg côetopeg h trhvïs bg ikjbuiths% gsths bg`gj ihc`ohr iuhjbk sg egs hpeoih ge trhthcogjtk y jk hjtgs* Yo sg prkbuig ge ihc`ok gspgrhbk% pgrk jk sg mh utoeozhbk uj bosgøk gxpgrocgjthe k jk sg mhj iucpeobk eks rgquosotks bge cosck% ge ihc`ok jk pkbrè sgr htro`uobk ojgquãvkihcgjtg he trhthcogjtk*

QHEKPHIOÙJ IEÃJOIK#YKIOHE BG EKY PGYWERHBKY Ge irotgrok iuhjtothtovk gs jgigshrok% pgrk jk suaoiogjtg% yh qug jk `hsth ikj qug mhyh uj ihc`ok% sojk qug hbgcès gstg bg`g sgr ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk* \kr gdgcpek% och# fojgcks qug eh bgprgsoùj augrh cgbobh hbgiuhbhcgjtg ikj ujh gsiheh bg < h 8< y qug uj phiogjtg k`togjg uj jovge prkcgbok bg ? burhjtg eh eãjgh `hsg y bg 6 trhs ge trhthcogjtk* Eh boagrgjioh gs iehrh% pgrk bg pkih rgegvhjioh% yh qug ge phiogjtg sofug gsthjbk cuy bgprocobk* Yg rgqugrorãh% quozè% ujh cgdkrh bg 2 pujtks hjtgs bg qug ge ihc`ok augrh ikjsobgrhbk ieãjoihcgjtg ocpkrthjtg y ujh cgdkrh bg 1 pujtks hjtgs bg qug ge ihc`ok augrh vostk ikck tkthecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk bgsbg uj pujtk bg vosth ieãjoik#skiohe* Gj eh frèaoih sofuogjtg pugbg vgrsg eh gvkeuioùj bge pgsk bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pkstrhthcogjtk bg trgs imoihs hjkrïxoihs bg 8%17 cgtrks bg heturh y 2<%= nf bg pgsk he ojoiok bge trhthcogjtk* Yu Ãjboig bg Chsh Ikrpkrhe ^OCI 3 \gsk -gj noeks/ + Heturh 0 -gj cgtrks/S grh 82%??% ojboihtovk bg uj ojarhpgsk frhvg* Gj eks trgs ihsks mhy uj ihc`ok iuhjtothtovk trhbuiobk gj ujh fhjhjioh bge 89%0'% 01%6' y 2<%0' bge pgsk ojoiohe rgspgitovhcgjtg* Hmkrh `ogj% gj ge procgr ihsk eh fhjhjioh bg pgsk mh sobk ojsuaoiogjtg% yh qug sofug gsthjbk bgjtrk bg eh ihtgfkrãh bg ojarhpgsk frhvg* Ge sgfujbk y tgrigr ihsks rgprgsgjthj gdgcpeks bg ihc`ok ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% yh qug jk prg# sgjthj ojarhpgsk pgeofrksk> ge ihc`ok gs gspgiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gj ge ôetock ihsk pugstk qug

\rkigsk # 9=

sg mh sotuhbk gj eh ihtgfkrãh bg pgsk sheubh`eg* Ge hucgjtk bg pgsk gs aujbhcgjthe gj ge trhthcogjtk bg eh hjkrgxoh* Bg tkbks ckbks% ikjvog# jg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ge pgsk jk gs eh ôjoih vhroh`eg h ikjsobgrhr h eh mkrh bg bgiobor so sg mh ikjsgfuobk uj ihc`ok ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk* Ge ihc`ok gj ge pgsk bg`grãh or hikcphøhbk pkr eh ckboaoihioùj bg eh prgkiuphioùj gxigsovh pkr ge pgsk y eh aofurh% y ge gsth`egiocogjtk bg mè`o# tks heocgjthroks hbgiuhbks* Hsocosck% sgrãh bgsgh`eg ikjsgfuor ihc`oks gj ktrks hspgitks mh`o# tuhecgjtg hetgrhbks thegs ikck ge gsthbk gckiokjhe jgfhtovk% ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs% gti* Frèaoih* Gdgcpeks bg ihc`oks ikj y soj sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe*

Hsã pugs% eks ihc`oks gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs bg`gj sgr bg the chfjotub qug supkjfhj ujh rgskeuioùj k he cgjks ujh cgdkrh susthjiohe bg eks prk`egchs phrh eks qug sg mh hpeoihbk eh ojtgrvgjioùj* \kr thjtk% ge irotgrok ieãjoik#skiohe ocpeoih ujh ikcphrhioùj gjtrg ge ihc`ok ekfrhbk y ge jovge bg ihc`ok rgqugrobk phrh qug bgshphrgzihj k sg rgbuzihj jkth`egcgjtg eks prk`egchs trhthbks* K% gj ktrhs pheh`rhs% ujh ikcphrhioùj gjtrg ek qug sg mh ekfrhbk y eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks prkpugstks -bhbk qug gstks mhyhj sobk `ogj gegfobks/* Ikck sgøheh Nhzboj -8???/% eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih sg rgaogrg h eh ocpkrthjioh prèitoih bge gagitk bg eh ojtgr# vgjioùj% gs bgior% h so gsth prkbuig uj ocphitk jkth`eg k pheph`eg gj eh vobh bohroh bge phiogjtg k bg ktrks ikj eks qug gstg ojtgrhitôh* \hrh ikjieuor qug mh mh`obk uj ihc`ok ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% sg rgquogrg gj procgr eufhr qug mhyh mh`obk ujh cgdkrh gsthbãstoihcgjtg aoh`eg% hujqug gj kihsokjgs sg mhj utoeozhbk ktrks irotgroks bg cgdkrh4 h/ pkrigjthdg bg cgdkrh supgrokr h uj bgtgrcojhbk vhekr hr`o# trhrok% ge iuhe mh ksioehbk gjtrg ge 0<' y ge 7<'> `/ vhekrhioùj qug mhig ge ieogjtg% pgrskjhs gj ikjthitk ikj gstg -ojieuobk ge tgrhpguth/ k dugigs qug jk eg ikjkigj sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug ge ph# iogjtg mh ihc`ohbk gj eks prk`egchs bg ojtgrïs -phrh cgdkr k pgkr/* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge frhbk bg cgdkrh ikjsgfuobk pugbg sgr ojsuaoiogjtg jk boig jhbh sk`rg jovgebgaojhe aujiokjhcogjtk gs hbgiuhbk k jk* \kr ek thjtk% sg jgigsothyhbgcès gcpeghr ujkso kgecès eks bg sofuogjtgs cgboks -phrh ujh rgvosoùj% vïhsg Kfegs% Eujjgj y @kjgstgge% 0<<8/4 8/ Ikcphrhioùj bge aujiokjhcogjtk bge ieogjtg gj ehs èrghs bg ojtgrïs ikj ge bg uj frupk jkrchtovk ikjstotuobk pkr pgrskjhs bg ihrhitgrãstoihs socoehrgs h ïe% pgrk qug jk prgsgj# thj ge prk`egch* H vgigs% ge frupk jkrchtovk gstè akrchbk pkr pgrskjhs bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% soj gxieuor h eks qug thc`oïj pubogrhj prgsgjthr prk`egchs socoehrgs* Gj gstg ih# sk% ge irotgrok jk gs thj rofurksk* 0/ Ikcphrhioùj bge aujiokjhcogjtk bge ieogjtg gj ehs èrghs bg ojtgrïs ikj ge prgaodhbk hr`o#

\rkigsk # 9? trhrohcgjtg pkr uj frupk bg gxpgrtks*

9/ Qhekrhioùj qug mhig ge ieogjtg k pgrskjhs gj ikjthitk ikj gstg -ojieuobk ge tgrhpguth/ sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug eks prk`egchs bge phiogjtg sofugj sogjbk ocpkrthjtgs g ojih# phiothjtgs> pkr gdgcpek% gj ujh gsiheh bg < -Ge prk`egch yh jk gxostg* Jk cg pgrtur`h jo cg hagith/ h = -Gs frhvg* Cg pgrtur`h k ojihphioth cuimãsock/* Gstg irotgrok jk rgaegdh uj ihc`ok gj cgbobhs sojtkcètoihs% ikck pugbg sgr ge ihsk bg eks bks irotgroks hjtgrokrgs% sojk ge frhbk gj qug ge ieogjtg y+u ktrhs pgrskjhs ikjsobgrhj qug ge ihc`ok mh sobk ocpkr# thjtg y mh tgjobk uj ocphitk gj su vobh bohroh* Jhturhecgjtg% ehsqug gvheuhiokjgs mgimhspkrpkr ge ieogjtg y pkr ktrhs pgrskjhs togjgj pkr quï ikojiobor% yh gstèj ojaeuobhs vhroh`egs y sgsfks boagrgjtgs* \krjk gdgcpek% uj ieogjtg pugbg bgior qug su prk`egch eg pgrtur`h pkik socpegcgjtg pkr hfrhbgiocogjtk mhioh ge tgrhpguth k pkrqug irgg qug gs ek qug sg gspgrh qug bofh* \kr ktrh phrtg% iuhjbk ehs gvheuhiokjgs skj mgimhs pkr ktrhs pgrskjhs% gsths pugbgj thrbhr gj bhrsg iugjth bg eks ihc`oks ikjsgfuobks pkr ge ieogjtg* Aojhecgjtg% ehs vhekrhiokjgs bg phiogjtgs y tgrhpgu# ths pugbgj bovgrfor iehrhcgjtg pkr gsthr `hshbhs gj irotgroks boagrgjtgs* 2/ Qhekrhioùj qug mhigj dugigs qug jk ikjkigj he ieogjtg sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug gstg togjg uj aujiokjhcogjtk hbgiuhbk gj ehs èrghs bg ojtgrïs k prgsgjth bgtgrcojhbks prk`egchs* Wj ihsk gspgiohe bg gstk ôetock gs gsth`egigr so uj phiogjtg prgsgjth k jk ge bohfjùstoik bge trhstkrjk pkr ge qug mh sobk trhthbk* Yoj gc`hrfk% ikjvogjg sgøhehr qug h pgshr bg jk prgsgjthr yh uj bgtgrcojhbk bohfjùstoik -p*gd*% hfkrhak`oh/% ujh pgrskjh pug# bg sgr cès socoehr h eks hfkrhaù`oiks qug h eks jk hfkrhaù`oiks gj vhroh`egs rgegvhjtgs phrh ge bohfjùstoik> gs bgior% pugbg sgfuor prgsgjthjbk sãjtkchs rgsobuhegs ocpkrthjtgs* Bg`obk h gstk% sgfuor prgsgjthjbk k jk iogrtk bohfjùstoik jk gs uj irotgrok rofurksk bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* H ikjtojuhioùj vgrgcks gdgcpeks bg eks bks procgrks cgboks% eks iuhegs skj k`dgtovks* Bg tkbks ckbks% sgh iuhe sgh ge qug sg utoeoig% ikjvogjg qug sgh ikcpegcgjthbk ikj ge gcpegk bge tgrigr topk bg irotgrok -y voigvgrsh% yh qug gstg ôetock gs thc`oïj ojsuaoiogjtg/* Eh rhzùj gs qug eks bks procgrks irotgroks sugegj gjahtozhr eh rgbuiioùj bg sãjtkchs k eocothrsg h eh cosch h gxpgjshs bge bgtgrokrk qug eks ieogjtgs prgsgjthj gj sus hitovobhbgs pgrskjhegs% eh`krhegs% hihbï# coihs% ahcoeohrgs% skiohegs% gti* Hujqug sãjtkchs y bgtgrokrk sugegj gsthr rgehiokjhbks% gsth rgeh# ioùj pugbg jk sgr cuy heth* Ikck haorch Nhzboj -8???/% uj trhthcogjtk pugbg rgbuior eks sãjtk# chs h uj jovge jkrchtovk y jk hagithr sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg he jovge bg bgtgrokrk k jk rgbuior eks sãjtkchs h jovge jkrchtovk% pgrk cgdkrhr ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge phiogjtg gj su vobh bohroh*

Irotgroks gsthjbhrozhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe Dhik`skj% Akeegttg y Pgvgjstkra -8?=2% 8?=1/% Dhik`skj y Pgvgjstkra -8?==/% Dhik`skj y Rruhx -8??8/ y Dhik`skj gt he* -8???/ mhj prkpugstk eh hbkpioùj bg irotgroks gsthjbhrozhbks phrh gvheuhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* Ygfôj gstks hutkrgs% bg`gj iucpeorsg bks irotgroks% eks iuhegs sg rgaogrgj he frhbk bg ihc`ok ikjsgfuobk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk y he jovge h`skeutk bg aujiokjh# cogjtk trhs ge trhthcogjtk* Ge irotgrok bge frhbk bg ihc`ok ikjsgfuobk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk ikjsostg gj uj ãjboig bg ihc`ok gsthbãstoihcgjtg aoh`eg -OIGA/ qug sg iheiueh bovobogjbk eh boagrgjioh gjtrg eh pujtuh# ioùj pkstgst y eh pujtuhioùj prgtgst pkr ge grrkr gstèjbhr bg eh boagrgjioh -Y boa/ gjtrg ehs bks puj# tuhiokjgs* Gstg grrkr gs ofuhe he grrkr gstèjbhr bg cgboioùj -Y G/ cuetopeoihbk pkr eh rhãz iuhbrhbh bg 0> h su vgz% ge grrkr gstèjbhr bg cgboioùj gs ofuhe h eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih -BR/ bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe k bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe gj ge prgtgst cuetopeoihbh pkr eh rhãz iuhbrhbh bge rgsue#

\rkigsk # 2<

thbk bg rgsthr bg ujk eh aoh`oeobhb tgst#rgtgst -r xx/ bg eh cgbobh ikjsobgrhbh* Yo ge OIGA gxigbg ¸8%?1% pugbg ikjieuorsg qug ge ihc`ok gs aoh`eg -p 5 <%<7/> gstg ihc`ok ocpeoih cgdkrh so gs gj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb k gcpgkrhcogjtk so vh gj eh borgiioùj ikjtrhroh* OIGA 3

-pkst/ # -prg/ Yboa

Yboa 3 YG ∔0 YG 3 BR ∔ 8 # rxx Qghcks uj gdgcpek* Wj phiogjtg phsh bg ?0 h 8<8 -cgdkrh ? pujtks/ gj eh Gsiheh bg Hdustg Boèboik bg Yphjogr% eh iuhe togjg ujh hcpeotub tgùroih bg < h 878* Ikck ge grrkr gstèjbhr bg eh boagrgjioh gjtrg eh pujtuhioùj pkstgst y prgtgst gs 7% ge OIGA gs ofuhe h ?+7 ù 8‟=% ek qug ojboih uj ihc`ok qug jk vh cès heeè bg ehs aeuituhiokjgs prkpohs bg uj ojstrucgjtk bg cgboioùj qug jk gs bge tkbk prgiosk* Hmkrh `ogj% ikj ujh cgdkrh bg 8< pujtks% ge OIGA gs ofuhe h 0% ek qug rgaegdh uj ihc`ok aoh`eg y rghe qug gs ocprk`h`eg qug sgh bg`obk he grrkr bg cgboioùj* Ge OIGA gs uj irotgrok cuy gstroitk phrh ehs cgbobhs qug togjgj ujh `hdh aoh`oeobhb* Hbg# cès% gj ktrhs cgbobhs pugbg jk sgr heihjzhbk pkr gagitks bg sugek k bg tgimk> gs bgior% phrh ehs pgrskjhs qug pujtôhj ckbgrhbhcgjtg gj boimhs cgbobhs gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk% ge ãjboig pugbg rgqugror uj chykr frhbk bg ihc`ok qug ge qug sg pugbg heihjzhr gj boimhs cgbobhs> gj gstks ih# sks% pugbg bhrsg ikck iucpeobk ge irotgrok so sg heihjzh eh pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk cãjoch k cèxoch sgfôj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb* \kr ktrh phrtg% ikjvogjg gjahtozhr qug ge OIGA pgrcotg sh`gr so uj phiogjtg mh cgdkrhbk -k gcpgkrhbk/ bg ckbk gsthbãstoihcgjtg aoh`eg% pgrk pkr sã skek jk boig so ge ihc`ok mh sobk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk k jk* \hrh bgiobor gstk% bg`g iucpeorsg thc`oïj ge irotgrok rgagrobk he jovge h`skeutk bg aujiokjhcogjtk trhs ge trhthcogjtk* Gstg sgfujbk irotgrok ocpeoih qug ge ieogjtg sheg bg eh bostro`uioùj bg eh pk`ehioùj bosauj# iokjhe k% cgdkr hôj% phsh bg eh bostro`uioùj bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe h eh aujiokjhe burhj# tg ge iursk bge trhthcogjtk gj iuhequogr vhroh`eg qug sg gstï utoeozhjbk phrh cgbor ge prk`egch* Gstg irotgrok pugbg kpgrhiokjheozhrsg bg trgs chjgrhs4

h/ Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstgst bg`g ihgr augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`eh# ioùj bosaujiokjhe* Eh hcpeotub sg gxtogjbg mhsth bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj gj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh co# bg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg rgsthj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`h# dk bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% sg suchj bks bgsvoh# iokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr gjioch bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pk`ehioùj bosauj# iokjhe* `/ Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstgst bg`g ihgr bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk# `ehioùj aujiokjhe* Eh hcpeotub ikcogjzh bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh bosaujiokjheobhb* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrh# bh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg suchj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpo# ihs h eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgrsk# jh bg`g sgr ofuhe k ojagrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjk# cãh/% sg rgsthj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgrskjh bg`g sgr ofuhe k supgrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobg#

\rkigsk # 28

rhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe* Cuimhs vgigs jk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe k shjh ’hqugeeh qug jk prgsgjth jojfôj trhstkrjk -k% he cgjks% jk ge trhstkrjk bg ojtgrïs/’% sojk sùek bg eh pk# `ehioùj fgjgrhe% eh iuhe ojieuyg h pgrskjhs qug pugbgj tgjgr ge prk`egch h jovge ieãjoik k su`ieãjoik* Iuhjbk eks bhtks prkvgjfhj bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% phrgig prgagro`eg su# chr k rgsthr ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih h eh cgboh gj vgz bg bks> bg gstg ckbk% sg togjg ujh chykr prk`h`oeobhb bg sgegiiokjhr ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg ehs pgrskjhs soj prk`egchs k ikj cgjks prk`egchs*

i/ Ge jovge bgqug aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkGstg stgstgsgsgecès prk`h`eg qug ihofh gj eh bostro`uioùj aujiokjhe gj eh bosaujiokjhe* irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb -IA/ cgjks hr`o# trhrok* Yg bgaojg bg eh sofuogjtg chjgrh% supkjogjbk qug hc`hs bostro`uiokjgs sofugj eh egy jkrche4 IA 3

Cb x BRa . Ca x BRb BRa . BRb

sogjbk Cb y BRb eh cgboh y bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pk`ehioùj k frupk bosaujiokjhe y C a y BRa eh cgboh y bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pk`ehioùj k frupk aujiokjhe* Wj ieogjtg iuyh puj# tuhioùj pkstgst vhyh cès heeè bge vhekr bge irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb gj eh borgiioùj bg eh aujiokjheobhb gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh bostro`uioùj bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe% gj eh vhroh`eg qug sg gstï ikjsobgrhjbk% qug h eh bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe* Hsã pugs% so eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`hdk bge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgr# tgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pk# sotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr gjioch bge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh ikj# sobgrhr qug gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe* Iuhjbk jk mhy bh# tks bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe% sg utoeozhj eks bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Ehs trgs akrchs bg kpgrhiokjheozhr ge sgfujbk irotgrok prkpkriokjhj pujtks bg ikrtg qug pugbgj sgr cuy bostojtks% the ikck pugbg hprgiohrsg gj eh aofurh*

\rkigsk # 20

Dhik`skj y Rruhx -8??8/ sgøhehj iuèjbk gs rgikcgjbh`eg utoeozhr ihbh ujk bg eks trgs irotgroks h% ` y i4

#

Eks irotgroks ` y i skj prgagro`egs he h iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg ehs jkrchs jgigshrohs phrh iheiuehreks% yh qug pgrcotgj sotuhr he ieogjtg ikj rgehioùj h eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe gj vgz bg sh`gr socpegcgjtg so ihg k jk augrh bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe*

#

Ge irotgrok i gs prgagro`eg he ` iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe y bg eh bosaujiokjhe sg skehphj% ek iuhe gs mh`otuhe gj cuimãsocks prk`egchs* Iuhjbk ehs bostro# `uiokjgs sg supgrpkjgj% bg bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhek`togjgj qug pujtôhj cès hetk so# gj ujh bgtgrcojhbh cgbobh ehs gj ehpgrskjhs borgiioùj eh bosaujiokjheobhb pujtuhiokjgs coehrgs h ehs bg ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe qug pujtôhj cès `hdk gj boimh cgbobh* Gstk gs bg`obk h qug ehs cgbobhs utoeozhbhs jk togjgj uj pkbgr bosirocojhjtg ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg shtosahitkrok y h qug eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe% iuhjbk sg obgjtoaoih ikj pk# `ehioùj fgjgrhe% ojieuyg uj iogrtk jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj prgsgjthr h jovge ieãjo# ik k su`ieãjoik ge prk`egch ikjsobgrhbk*

#

Ge irotgrok ` gs ge cgdkr iuhjbk jk mhy skehphcogjtk% the ikck pugbg kiurror gj ge ihsk bg prk`egchs cuy frhvgs -p*gd*% hutosck% gsquozkargjoh/* Gs ge irotgrok cès ehxk iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs sg skehphj*

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Ge irotgrok h pugbg utoeozhrsg iuhjbk sg ihrgig bg jkrchs bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe* Gs ge irotgrok cès gstroitk iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs sg skehphj* Wj prk`egch ikj gstg irotgrok iuhjbk eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih gs frhjbg ikj rgehioùj h eh cgboh gs qug ge pujtk bg ikrtg pugbg sgr ojagrokr h eh pujtuhioùj cãjoch bge iugstokjhrok> gj gstg ihsk% y so jk mhy cès rgcgbok qug gcpeghr gstg irotgrok% pugbg rgsthrsg bg eh cgboh ujh gj vgz bg bks bgsvoh# iokjgs tãpoihs*

Ygh iuhe sgh ge irotgrok gegfobk% eh obgh qug su`yhig trhs tkbks geeks gs qug sùek mhy sofjoaoih# ioùj ieãjoih so uj ieogjtg mh sk`rgphshbk hefôj vhekr h`skeutk bg cgdkrh qug eg ikekqug gj eh pk# `ehioùj aujiokjhe* Yoj gc`hrfk% ikjvogjg sgøhehr qug thc`oïj pugbg mh`ehrsg bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih so uj ieogjtg ikjsofug uj ihc`ok ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg ocpkrthjtg% hujqug jk thj frhjbg ikck phrh sotuhrek gj eh bostro`uioùj aujiokjhe> uj gdgcpek sgrãh ge bg uj phiogjtg frhvgcgjtg bgprocobk y mkspotheozhbk qug cgdkrh ek suaoiogjtg ikck phrh rgiupgrhr su vobh jkrche% hujqug sofug prgsgjthjbk sãjtkchs bgprgsovks* Bgaojor eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih gxieusovhcgjtg ikck uj rgtkrjk he aujiokjhcogjtk jkrche jk gs hprkpohbk phrh tkbks eks trhstkrjks% gspgiohecgjtg phrh hqugeeks qug skj irùjoiks y frhvgs ikck eh gsquozkargjoh y ge hutosck* \kr ktrh phrtg% ikck sgøheh Nhzboj -8???/% jk sogcprg eh rgbuiioùj bg eks sãjtkchs gs ge projiophe k`dgtovk bg eh tgrhpoh* \ugbg sgr qug eks sãjtkchs gstïj gcpgkrhjbk y qug ge trhth# cogjtk bgtgjfh k rgthrbg gstg gcpgkrhcogjtk* K `ogj% eks ieogjtgs pugbg prgsgjthr prk`egchs qug gs boaãioe k ocpkso`eg ckboaoihr -p*gd*% bgsaofurhioùj% pïrbobh bg ckvoeobhb% gjagrcgbhb ojiurh`eg prkpoh khprgjbgr bg uj heegfhbk% pïrbobh bg uj sgr iueph`oeobhb pkr ujh cheh hiioùj/%y pgrk qug pugbgj h harkjthr ckboaoihjbk eh qugrobk% akrch qug togjgj bg vovgjiohr eks coscks bg rghi# iokjhr hjtg geeks* Gsth akrch bg vovgjiohr y rghiiokjhr ikjstotuorãh gj gstks ihsks ge vgrbhbgrk prk`egch* Ikjvogjg sgøhehr qug iucpeor ge irotgrok h% ` k i gj ujh cgbobh jk pgrcotg pkr sã skek mh`ehr bg gagitk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk> sg rgquogrg hbgcès qug mhyh mh`obk ujh cgdkrh gsthbãstoihcgjtg aoh`eg gj eh cosch% cès heeè bg ek qug sgrãh gspgrh`eg pkr hzhr k pkr ge grrkr bg cgboioùj* H phrtor bg gstks bks irotgroks% uj phiogjtg pugbg sgr iehsoaoihbk ikck4 h/ Pgiupgrhbk4 cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh gj eh cgbobh bg ojtgrïs sgfôj ge OIGA y jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk bgjtrk bg eh bostro`uioùj aujiokjhe* `/ Cgdkrhbk4 cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh sgfôj ge OIGA y jovge bg aujiokjhcogj#

\rkigsk # 29

tk bgjtrk bg eh bostro`uioùj bosaujiokjhe* i/ Yoj ihc`ok4 husgjioh bg ihc`ok sofjoaoihtovk sgfôj ge OIGA% sgh iuhe sgh eh bostro`uioùj gj eh qug sg sotôh ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk* b/ Bgtgrokrhbk4 gcpgkrhcogjtk sofjoaoihtovk sgfôj ge OIGA* -Wj bgtgrokrk gj ge sgfuocogjtk dujtk h uj ihc`ok bg eh bostro`uioùj aujiokjhe h eh bostro`uioùj bosaujiokjhe gquovhebrãh h ujh rgihãbh*/ \ugbg ikjs# truorsg ujh k cès frèaoihs qug pgrcoth or vogjbk eh gvkeuioùj bg uj phiogjtg gj eh cgbobh k cgbo# bhs bg ojtgrïs h trhvïs bg suigsovhs gvheuhiokjgs -vïhsg eh aofurh 7/> eh rgtrkheocgjthioùj qug prkpkriokjh gsth aofurh gs ôtoe phrh qug ge tgrhpguth hbkptg cgbobhs gj aujioùj bge ihc`ok k`sgr# vhbk* Eh prkpugsth bg Dhik`skj rgquogrg tgjgr bhtks jkrchtovks bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe y bos# aujiokjhe% pkik bg argiugjtg% gspgiohecgjtg gj ge-g ôetock iuhjbk gxostgj% arg# iugjtg qughefk eks bhtks eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe ojieuskihsk* bg ehHbgcès% aujiokjhe/ prkvgjfhj bg gs cugs# trhs phrtoiuehrgs% cuimhs vgigs pgqugøhs% gj vgz bg sgr hutïjtoiks bhtks jkrchtovks k`tgjobks bg cugstrhs jucgrkshs heghtkrohcgjtg sgegiiokjhbhs* 1 Ktrks prk`egchs skj eks sofuogjtgs4 #

Xuï cgbobhs sgegiiokjhr phrh gvheuhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* \hrh ihbh pkso`eg trhstkr# jk k prk`egch pugbgj ikjsobgrhrsg boagrgjtgs hspgitks -p*gd*% hjsogbhb% gvothioùj% ojtgr# prgthiokjgs jgfhtovhs% bgtgrokrk/ y phrh ihbh ujk bg gstks pugbg mh`gr bovgrshs cgbobhs vèeobhs -p*gd*% bostojtks iugstokjhroks bg bgprgsoùj/* Hbgcès% gxostgj bovgrshs augjtgs bg ojakrchioùj qug pugbgj tgjgrsg gj iugjth -ieogjtg% pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% tgrhpguth% k`sgr# vhbkrgs% chgstrks% gjagrcgrhs% gti*/* Yghj iuhegs sghj ehs cgbobhs sgegiiokjhbhs% bg`gj gsthr rgehiokjhbhs ikj cgths tgrhpïutoihs ocpkrthjtgs y bg`g mh`gr prug`hs bg qug rgaeg# dhj uj ihc`ok ocpkrthjtg gj ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge phiogjtg gj su vobh bohroh* Gj gstg sgjtobk% ehs cgbobhs bg sãjtkchs bg`gj sgr ikcpegcgjthbhs ikj ktrhs4 aujiokjhcogjtk hbhpthtovk% bgtgrokrk% iheobhb bg vobh% shtosahiioùj ikj eks rgsuethbks% ocphitk bg gstks sk`rg ktrhs pgrskjhs -Fehbos gt he*% 8???> Nhzboj% 8???/*

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Iùck ikc`ojhr ehs cgbobhs sgegiiokjhbhs y quï mhigr iuèjbk ujhs ihc`ohj y ktrhs jk* Iuhjbk ehs cgbobhs sg rgaogrgj he cosck ikjstruitk -p*gd*% gvothioùj hfkrhaù`o# ih/% pugbg iheiuehrsg ujh pujtuhioùj ikcpugsth -vïhsg Dhik`skj y Pgvgjstkra% 8?==/* Iuhjbk ehs cgbobhs rgaegdhj boagrgjtgs ikjstruitks% gs cgdkr jk ikc`ojhrehs% yh qug jk gs bg gspgrhr qug eks phiogjtgs ihc`ogj ofuhecgjtg gj tkbhs geehs> gs cgdkr gjtkjigs ihe# iuehr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih phrh ihbh ujh* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% hefujks ieãjoiks ikjsobg# rhj qug uj phiogjtg sg mh rgiupgrhbk gj fgjgrhe so mh ikjsgfuobk uj ihc`ok ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gj eh chykrãh bg ehs cgbobhs ikjsobgrhbhs* \ugbg vgrsg uj gdgcpek uj pkik cès h`hdk% iuhjbk sg mh`eh bg eks irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe -gs# thbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk/* Yghj iuhegs sghj ehs cgbobhs utoeozhbhs% phrh ikjsobgrhr h uj phiogjtg tkthecgjtg rgiupgrhbk bg`grãh sgr jgigshrok qug jk tkcg cgboihioùj k rgio`h ktrk trhthcogjtk phrh su prk`egch y qug gstg jk ojtgraogrh gj su vobh iktobohjh*

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Iùck bgaojor ehs pk`ehiokjgs -aujiokjhe y bosaujiokjhe/ bg ehs qug sg gxtrhgj eks bhtks jkrchtovks* Gj iuhjtk h eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe% phrh ihbh ieogjtg mh`rãh qug bospkjgr bg bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih qug cgdkr sg hdustg h su ihsk tgjogjbk gj iugjth ehs ih# rhitgrãstoihs pugbgj \kr ojaeuor gj eks rgsuethbks bg ehs cgbobhs gcpeghbhs -p*gd*%bgaojor# gbhb% sgxk% topk bgequg trhstkrjk/* ek qug sg rgaogrg h eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe% gsth pugbg sg bg bks akrchs4 h/ obghecgjtg% ikck pk`ehioùj hsojtkcètoih k shjh> gsth gxieuyg h ehs pgrskjhs qug prgsgjthj hefôj topk bg trhstkrjk% hujqug gj kihsokjgs sùek sg mhj gxieuobk h ehs pgrskjhs qug prgsgjthj ge trhstkrjk bg ojtgrïs> `/ hetgrjhtovhcgjtg% ikck pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% eh iuhe pugbg ojieuor pgrskjhs ikj pujtuhiokjgs bosaujiokjhegs% hujqug Dhik`# skj y ikeh`krhbkrgs rgikcogjbhj qug jk gstïj `usihjbk k rgio`ogjbk tgrhpoh* Ygfôj ik# ck sg bgaojh eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe% ge pujtk bg ikrtg sgrè cès k cgjks gstroitk* Wjh pkso`oeobhb% iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg bhtks% gs gsth`egigr uj pujtk bg ikrtg gjtrg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% y ktrk gjtrg eh procgrh y eh pk`ehioùj hsojtkcè#

\rkigsk # 22

toih -vïhsg eh aofurh 7/* Bg gstg ckbk% gj vgz bg bgiobor boiktùcoihcgjtg so ujh pgrskjh mh ihc`ohbk k jk bg uj ckbk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% pugbg gsth`egigrsg uj iogrtk frhbogjtg bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih gj aujioùj bg quï pujtk bg ikrtg sk`rgphsg ge ieogjtg* \ugbg k`tgjgrsg cès ojakrchioùj gj Ygffhr% Ehc`grt y Mhjsgj -0<<0/% hujqug gstks hu# tkrgs prkpkjgj gsth`egigr ge pujtk bg ikrtg gjtrg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe y eh hsojtkcètoih% ek iuhe gs cès gstroitk* #

Eks irotgroks bg Dhik`skj jk pugbgj sgr gcpeghbks ikj hqugeeks phiogjtgs qug yh pujtôhj pkr bg`hdk bge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk gj eh cgbobh k cgbobhs ikjsobgrhbhs* Hujqug gstk gs pkik prk`h`eg% pugbg eegfhr h kiurror gj uj ?' bg eks ihsks gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih -vïhjsg eks phiogjtgs bgprocobks bg Vgst`rkkn y Norn% 0<<7/* Wjh skeuioùj gs sgegiiokjhr ktrhs cgbobhs*

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Yo gs ikjvgjogjtg k jk gcpeghr ojtgrvheks bg ikjaohjzh bg eks vhekrgs irotgrok k pujtks bg ikrtg gj vgz bg ushr gstks borgithcgjtg* 6

Wjh irãtoih ikjigptuhe bg eks irotgroks bg pujtuhiokjgs bg ikrtg prkpugstks pkr Dhik`skj pug# bg vgrsg gj Msu -8??1/* Hujqug sg mhj prkpugstk cïtkbks cès ikcpegdks% eks rgsuethbks qug kargigj sugegj sgr ikcphrh`egs -Htnojs gt he*% 0<<7/* \kr ktrh phrtg% gj ge hpïjboig sg prgsgjth bg akrch ikjirgth y frèaoih iùck sg hpeoihj eks trgs irotgroks h eh mkrh bg ojtgrprgthr ehs pujtuhiokjgs bg iugstokjhroks y vhekrhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih bg ehs coschs* Wjh hetgrjhtovh h eh prkpugsth bg Dhik`skj gs ge gsth`egiocogjtk bg irotgroks prgaodhbks% pgrk hr`otrhroks% phrh gvheuhr ge jovge bg cgdkrh ikjsgfuobk y ge jovge bge gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjh# cogjtk bg eks ieogjtgs* Gstks bks hspgitks sgrèj ikcgjthbks hitk sgfuobk% hujqug ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug gs pkso`eg ikc`ojhr ge cïtkbk bg Dhik`skj ikj ge qug sg gxpkjbrè h ikjtojuh# ioùj> ujh akrch bg mhigr gstk gs prgaodhr ehs cgbobhs qug sg tgjbrèj gj iugjth% pgrk gsth`egigr eks pujtks bg ikrtg gj gsths bg hiugrbk ikj eks irotgroks bg Dhik`skj -vïhsg bg @gurs gt he*% 8??2/*

Irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe4 Jovge bg cgdkrh Mochbo% @koig y @hrekw -8?=1/ prkpkjgj eks sofuogjtgs irotgroks bg cgdkrh k irotgroks phrh bgtgrcojhr so uj ieogjtg hfkrhaù`oik mh rgspkjbobk he trhthcogjtk* Yg ikjsobgrh qug uj ieogjtg mh cgdkrhbk ikj ge trhthcogjtk so bgcugstrh he cgjks uj 0<' bg cgdkrh bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pks# trhthcogjtk pkr ek cgjks gj trgs bg ehs sofuogjtgs cgbobhs4 # # # #

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\ujtuhioùj tkthe bg eh Dgrhrquãh Ojbovobuheozhbh bg Gvothioùj Aù`oih bg 8< ãtgcs iheoaoih# bh pkr ge ieogjtg gj ujh gsiheh bg hjsogbhb+gvothioùj bg <#=* Gdgiuioùj ikjbuituhe gj ge Rgst Ojbovobuheozhbk bg Hprkxochioùj Ikjbuituhe bg 7 ãtgcs* \ujtuhioùj tkthe bg ehs iheoaoihiokjgs bg Wjobhbgs Yu`dgtovhs bg Hjsogbhb mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg gj ujh gsiheh bg <#= gj ihbh ãtgc bge Rgst Ojbovobuheozhbk bg Hprkxochioùj Ikj# buituhe* Argiugjioh bg eks hthqugs bg pèjoik burhjtg 0 sgchjhs bg hutkrrgfostrk pkr pgrokbk bg gvheuhioùj* @hrekw -8?==/ mh prkpugstk tgjgr gj iugjth jk sùek eh argiugjioh% sojk thc# `oïj eh burhioùj g ojtgjsobhb bg eks hthqugs bg pèjoik* Ikj ieogjtgs soj hthqugs bg pèjoik% Igrjy gt he* -8?=6/ mhj prkpugstk sustotuor gstg irotgrok pkr ge sofuogjtg4 hutkiheoaoihioùj bge jovge bg gvothioùj -<#=/ ikrrgspkjbogjtg h eh ak`oh projiophe bge ieogjtg bgsiroth ikj sus prkpohs pheh`rhs gj ge Iugstokjhrok bg Cogbks bg Chrns y Chtmgws -8?6?/* Iheoaoihiokjgs bge tgrhpguth gj ehs gsihehs bg ? pujtks -<#=/ bg frhvgbhb hfkrhaù`oih bg Vhtskj y Chrns -8?68/* Ehs iheoaoihiokjgs sg mhigj rgspgitk h iojik sotuhiokjgs aù`oihs gspgiãaoihs y sg prkcgbohj*

\rkigsk # 27

Gstks irotgroks togjgj gj iugjth eh ikjbuith bg gvothioùj% hjsogbhb su`dgtovh% pèjoik g ojakrcg bge tgrhpguth sk`rg eh frhvgbhb hfkrhaù`oih% hujqug sgrãh ikjvgjogjtg høhbor uj irotgrok rgehtovk h eh ojtgragrgjioh prkbuiobh pkr eh hfkrhak`oh% irotgrok qug bg`grãh sgr iucpeobk k`eofhtkrohcgjtg phrh qug uj phiogjtg augrh ikjsobgrhbk cgdkrhbk* Hbgcès bg eh cgdkrh bge 0<' he cgjks gj 9 bg ehs 7 cgbobhs hjtgrokrgs% phrh qug uj ieogjtg sgh ikjsobgrhbk ikck cgdkrhbk jk bg`g prgsgjthr uj gcpgkrhcogjtk bge 0<' k cès gj jojfujh bg ehs iojik cgbobhs bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pkstrhth# cogjtk* Wjh hetgrjhtovh he sostgch bg iehsoaoihr h eks ieogjtgs gj cgdkrhbks y jk cgdkrhbks sgrãh bhr uj pujtk pkr irotgrok iucpeobk y gsth`egigr ehs sofuogjtgs ihtgfkrãhs4 cgdkrh gegvhbh -2#7 pujtks/% cgboh -0#9 pujtks/ y cãjoch k jueh -<#8 pujtks/* Iuhequogr ieogjtg qug prgsgjthrh uj gcpgkrhcogjtk bge 0<'gjkehcès gj hefujh bg ehscãjoch iojik cgbobhs cogjtk sgrãh iehsoaoihbk ihtgfkrãh bg cgdkrh k jueh* bge prgtrhthcogjtk he pkstrhth#

Irotgroks prgaodhbks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe4 Gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogj# tk Wjh cgdkrh sofjoaoihtovh jk ocpeoih jgigshrohcgjtg uj jovge gegvhbk bg aujiokjhcogjtk aojhe* \kr gdgcpek% uj hfkrhaù`oik mh pkbobk rgbuior sus hthqugs bg pèjoik gj cès bg uj 0<' -p*gd*% bg 6 h 7 pkr sgchjh/% pgrk h pgshr bg gsth cgdkrh% sofug prgsgjthjbk ge prk`egch* Bg hmã eh jg# igsobhb bg irotgroks hboiokjhegs phrh iehsoaoihr ge jovge bge gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg eks ieogjtgs* Mochbo% @koig y @hrekw -8?=1/ mhj pehjtghbk qug phrh ikjsobgrhr qug uj ieogjtg hfkrh# aù`oik mh heihjzhbk uj gegvhbk gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg`g mh`gr cgdkrhbk ikj ge trhth# cogjtk -vïhsg eh bgaojoioùj bge jovge bg cgdkrh/ y iucpeor he cgjks trgs bg eks sofuogjtgs iojik irotgroks4 # # #

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\ujtuhioùj tkthe bg 0< k cgjks Dgrhrquãhh 9Ojbovobuheozhbh bgsupgrokrgs* Gvothioùj Aù`oih bg 8< ãtgcs ikj ujh pujtuhioùj cgbohgjjkehsupgrokr phrh eks 7 ãtgcs Iheoaoihioùj mgimh pkr ge ieogjtg* Ofuhe qug h% pgrk iheoaoihioùj mgimh pkr ujh pgrskjh heegfhbh* Pgheozhioùj bg eks 7 ãtgcs bge Rgst Ojbovobuheozhbk bg Hprkxochioùj Ikjbuituhe cès ujh pujtuhioùj tkthe bg 8< k cgjks gj ehs iheoaoihiokjgs bg Wjobhbgs Yu`dgtovhs bg Hj# sogbhb mgimhs pkr ge ieogjtg gj ihbh ujk bg eks 7 ãtgcs bge tgst y ikj ujh iheoaoihioùj bg Wjobhbgs Yu`dgtovhs bg Hjsogbhb jk supgrokr h 9 gj jojfôj ãtgc* Argiugjioh igrk bg hthqugs bg pèjoik burhjtg 0 sgchjhs bg hutkrrgfostrk gj ge pkstrhth# cogjtk* Ikj ieogjtgs soj hthqugs bg pèjoik% Igrjy gt he* -8?=6/ mhj prkpugstk sustotuor gs# tg irotgrok pkr ge sofuogjtg4 \ujtuhioùj bg 0 k cgjks gj eh hutkiheoaoihioùj bge jovge bg gvothioùj -<#=/ ikrrgspkjbogjtg h eh ak`oh projiophe bge ieogjtg bgsiroth ikj sus prkpohs pheh`rhs gj ge Iugstokjhrok bg Cogbks bg Chrns y Chtmgws -8?6?/* Wjh pujtuhioùj bg 0 k cgjks gj ehs iheoaoihiokjgs bge tgrhpguth gj ehs gsihehs bg ? puj# tks bg frhvgbhb hfkrhaù`oih bg Vhtskj y Chrns -8?68/*

Gstks iojik irotgroks rgaegdhj eh ikjbuith bg gvothioùj% hjsogbhb su`dgtovh y pèjoik% eks iuhegs skj eks projiophegs ikcpkjgjtgs agjkcgjkeùfoiks bg eh hfkrhak`oh* Hbgcès% sg togjgj gj iugjth iheoaoihiokjgs bg eh frhvgbhb aù`oih bge ieogjtg mgimhs pkr ge tgrhpguth y pkr ujh pgrskjh heegfhbh* Ikck sg bodk hjtgs% mu`ogrh sobk ikjvgjogjtg høhbor uj irotgrok rgehtovk h eh ojtgragrgjioh prkbuio# bh pkr eh hfkrhak`oh% irotgrok qug bg`grãh sgr iucpeobk k`eofhtkrohcgjtg phrh qug uj phiogjtg aug# rh ikjsobgrhbk rgiupgrhbk -gegvhbk gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk/* Hbgcès% ujk pugbg prgfuj# thrsg so pugbg ikjsobgrhrsg rgiupgrhbk h uj phiogjtg qug iucpeg eks irotgroks hjtgrokrgs% pgrk so# fug tkchjbk cgboihioùj k rgio`ogjbk iuhequogr topk bg trhthcogjtk phrh su prk`egch* Wjh hetgrjhtovh he sostgch bg iehsoaoihr h eks ieogjtgs gj gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gegvh# bk y jk gegvhbk sgrãh bhr uj pujtk pkr irotgrok iucpeobk y gsth`egigr ehs sofuogjtgs ihtgfkrã#

\rkigsk # 21

hs bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk4 gegvhbk -2#7 pujtks/% cgbok -0#9 pujtks/ y `hdk -<#8 puj# tks/ -k `ogj% pugbg mh`ehrsg bg phiogjtgs tkthecgjtg% ckbgrhbhcgjtg y pkik rgiupgrhbks/* Gs ocpkrthjtg sgøhehr qug eks irotgroks bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk bg`gj hpeoihrsg sùek h eks ieogjtgs qug rgspkjbgj k cgdkrhj ikj ge trhthcogjtk% the ikck sg mh gxpeoihbk hjtgs* = Wj prk`egch ikj eks irotgroks prgaodhbks y hr`otrhroks gs qug ge pkrigjthdg bg ieogjtgs cgdkrh# bks bgpgjbg bg eh jhturhegzh bge irotgrok sgegiiokjhbk -topk bg vhroh`eg% aodhr vhekrgs cès k cgjks gstroitks/* Gj eh th`eh 8 pugbg vgrsg ikck ge pkrigjthdg bg ihsks gxotksks gj ge trhthcogjtk bge heikmkeosck h eks 80 cgsgs bg sgfuocogjtk vhrãh brhcètoihcgjtg sgfôj ge irotgrok bg ïxotk gc# peghbk* ¡_ gsk qug gstks irotgroks mhigj sùek rgagrgjioh h uj ôjoik sãjtkch4 ge ikjsuck bg heik# mke(

IKJRPHYRG H \KYRGPOKPO BG EH MO\ÙRGYOY G]\EOIHROQH _ AOJHEOTHIOÙJ BGE RPHRHCOGJRK Ge hjèeosos bg eks bhtks pgrcotg gxtrhgr iogrths ikjieusokjgs sk`rg eh hbgiuhioùj bg eh mopùtg# sos gxpeoihtovh* Hefujks tgrhpguths ikjsobgrhj qug so mh mh`obk uj ihc`ok gj ehs ikjbuiths prk# `egcètoihs trhs ge trhthcogjtk% eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh bge prk`egch gs ikrrgith> so jk% ojikrrgith* Yoj gc`hrfk% qug uj trhthcogjtk aujiokjg `ogj jk ocpeoih jgigshrohcgjtg qug eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sgh ikrrgith* Gs pkso`eg qug eh mopùtgsos sgh tkthe k phriohecgjtg ahesh% pgrk qug ge trhthcogjtk k hikjtgiocogjtks gxtgrjks he cosck -p*gd*% gjikjtrhr trh`hdk k phrgdh/ mhyhj prkbu# iobk ihc`oks gj eks vgrbhbgrks ahitkrgs qug ikjtrkeh`hj ge prk`egch* \kr ktrh phrtg% pugbg jk mh`gr ihc`oks trhs uj trhthcogjtk y gsk jk quogrg bgior jgigshrohcgjtg qug eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh sgh ojikrrgith* \ugbg qug ge trhthcogjtk jk mhyh sobk hpeoihbk ikrrgithcgjtg k qug sg mhyh sgegiiokjhbk uj trhthcogjtk ojgaoihz* \hrh ikjieuor qug eh mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh vh gj eh borgiioùj ikrrgith% sg rgquogrg4 h/ ikc# prk`hr qug trhs ge trhthcogjtk sg mhj ckboaoihbk ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs chjopuehbhs> `/ ikc# prk`hr qug trhs eh chjopuehioùj bg gsths vhroh`egs sg mh prkbuiobk ge ihc`ok prgvostk gj ehs ikj# buiths prk`egcètoihs> i/ ikcprk`hr qug gstg ihc`ok jk sg prkbuig gj ge cosck frhbk gj husgjioh bg eh chjopuehioùj bg ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs> y b/ ikcprk`hr qug ge ihc`ok gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs jk sgh bg`obk h eh ckboaoihioùj bg hefujh+s ktrh+s vhroh`egs+s jk ikjsobgrhbh+s* \kr gdgcpek% eh rgehioùj gjtrg eh vhroh`eg ojbgpgjbogjtg -irggjiohs jgfhtovhs sk`rg sã cosck% ge cujbk y ge auturk/ y eh bgpgjbogjtg -ikjbuiths bgprgsovhs/ pugbg jk sgr ihushe% sojk ikrrgehiokjhe y hc`hs sgr ge rgsuethbk bge ihc`ok bg ktrh vhroh`eg -argiugjioh bg rgakrzhcogjtk skiohe/* \kr ktrh phrtg% gstè iehrk qug eh mopùtgsos qugbhrè ojvheobhbh gj hqugeeks ihsks gj qug4 h/ sg prkbuzihj ihc`oks gj ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs% pgrk jk gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs k `/ sg prkbuzihj ihc`oks gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs% pgrk jk gj ehs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs* Ikck sg bodk hjtgs% so jk mhy ihc`oks gj jojfujk bg eks bks topks bg vhroh`egs% jk gs pkso`eg sh`gr% gj hu# sgjioh bg ktrhs ojakrchiokjgs% so eh mopùtgsos gs ojikrrgith% so ge trhthcogjtk mh sobk che hpeoihbk k so mh rgsuethbk ojgaoihz* Jhturhecgjtg% eh iugstoùj gs cuimk cès ikcpegdh tkbhvãh* Yo mhy ihc`oks gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs -sãjbrkcg bgprgsovk% p*gd*/ y gj vhrohs vhroh`egs gxpeoihtovhs -bïaoiot bg mh`oeo# bhbgs skiohegs% argiugjioh bg rgakrzhcogjtk skiohe% jkrchs gxigsovhcgjtg gegvhbhs% bostkrsokjgs ikfjotovhs/% jk gs pkso`eg ikjieuor sk`rg so ihbh bg ujh bg gsths vhroh`egs dufh`h uj phpge ihushe k cgrhcgjtg ikrrgehiokjhe* Iuhjbk eh gvheuhioùj bg eks rgsuethbks ojboih qug4 h/ sg mh k`tgjobk uj ihc`ok ieãjoihcgj# tg sofjoaoihtovk -ek qug ocpeoih eh ikjsgiuioùj cès k cgjks ikcpegth bg eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïuto# iks% so gstks mhj sobk `ogj gegfobks/% `/ gstg ihc`ok sg mh fgjgrheozhbk h ktrhs sotuhiokjgs pgrto#

\rkigsk # 26

jgjtgs y i/ gxostgj gj ge cgbok bge ieogjtg ehs ikjboiokjgs jgigshrohs phrh qug sg chjtgjfh boimk ihc`ok% gjtkjigs tgrhpguth y ieogjtg pugbgj aojheozhr ge trhthcogjtk akrche bg ikcôj hiugrbk y pehjoaoihr eh sgsoùj k sgsokjgs bg sgfuocogjtk* Hujqug eh tgrcojhioùj bg eh tgrhpoh sugeg sgr ujh gxpgrogjioh pksotovh phrh phiogjtgs y tgrh# pguths% ujh cojkrãh bg eks ieogjtgs pugbgj prgsgjthr sgjtocogjtks bg h`hjbkjk% skegbhb% trostgzh y hjsogbhb% gspgiohecgjtg so hjtgs mh`ãhj suarobk hefujh pïrbobh trhucètoih gj su vobh* Hefujks tgrhpguths thc`oïj gxpgrocgjthj sgjtocogjtks prk`egcètoiks he hih`hr eh tgrhpoh4 iueph -pkr h`hj# bkjhr he ieogjtg/% hjsogbhb -pkr iùck eg orè he ieogjtg/% ojsgfurobhb -bubhs bg mh`gr sh`obk hyubhr he phiogjtg% ehs iuhegs pugbgj ikjbuior h prkekjfhr ge trhthcogjtk/ y bugek -pkr eh pïrbobh bg eh rgehioùj sofjoaoihtovh gsth`egiobh ikj ge ieogjtg/*

YGFWOCOGJRK Wjh vgz trhjsiurrobk iogrtk togcpk bgsbg eh tgrcojhioùj bge trhthcogjtk% sg rgikfgj jugvks bhtks phrh ikcprk`hr ge frhbk bg chjtgjocogjtk bg eks ihc`oks tgrhpïutoiks* Ge pgrokbk bg sgfuocogjtk pugbg sgr cès k cgjks ehrfk g ojieuor ujk k cès pgrokbks bg gvheuhioùj* Wjh phuth hikjsgdh`eg gs mhigr uj procgr sgfuocogjtk h eks 9 cgsgs% uj sgfujbk h eks 1 cgsgs y uj ôetock h eks 80 cgsgs% hujqug gj iogrtks prk`egchs ikj frhj prk`h`oeobhb bg rgihãbh% ikck eks hboitovks y eks trhstkrjks bg heocgjthioùj% sg sufogrg prkekjfhr ge sgfuocogjtk mhsth eks 7 høks* Eks sgfuocogjtks h eks 9 y 1 cgsgs% ihsk bg mhigrsg% pugbgj sgr cgjks ikcpegtks qug ehs gvheuhiokjgs prgtrhthcogjtk y pkstrhthcogjtk% pgrk ge ôetock sgfuocogjtk bg`grãh gcpeghr eks coscks cïtkbks g ojstrucgjtks utoeozhbks gj boimhs gvheuhiokjgs* He cgjks gj gstg ôetock ikjtrke% jk sg hikjsgdh ge sgfuocogjtk rgheozhbk pkr tgeïakjk k pkr ikrrgk% bg`obk h ehs bgaoiogj# iohs g ojsuaoiogjiohs bg gstks cïtkbks* Yoj gc`hrfk% gj kihsokjgs jk qugbhrè cès rgcgbok qug hiubor h eks coscks* \kr ktrh phrtg% hbgcès bg vkevgr h phshr eks ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj prgvohcgjtg utoeozh# bks% ikjvogjg prgfujthr he ieogjtg pkr ek sofuogjtg rgagrobk he pgrokbk bg sgfuocogjtk4 h/ gvkeu# ioùj bge prk`egch trhthbk% ojieuygjbk pkso`egs ikjtrhtogcpks k rgihãbhs% bgsiropioùj bg gstks% pkso`egs ihushs bg eks coscks y quï sg mozk phrh chjgdhreks% `/ `ôsqugbh bg jugvh hyubh phrh ge prk`egch trhthbk% i/ hphroioùj bg ktrks prk`egchs psoikeùfoiks% b/ `ôsqugbh bg hyubh phrh eks coscks% b/ ikjsuck bg aèrchiks phrh ge prk`egch trhthbk y+k phrh ktrks prk`egchs psoikeùfoiks*

Gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih sg mhigj sgfuocogjtks ikj pkih rgfuehrobhb* Gj kihsokjgs% ujh rh# zùj gs eh aheth bg togcpk pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth* Rhc`oïj sg pogjsh qug eks phiogjtgs pugbgj gsthr pkik bospugstks h phrtoiophr gj sgfuocogjtks y gstk gs iogrtk gj bgtgrcojhbks ihsks% gspgiohecgj# tg so mhy vhroks sgfuocogjtks% so gstks skj ehrfks% so eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks pkr ge phiogjtg jk mhj sobk `ugjks y+k so ehs ioriujsthjiohs bg eh vobh bge phiogjtg boaoiuethj su phrtoiophioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% gs cès aèioe qug eks phiogjtgs ikeh`krgj ikj ge sgfuocogjtk so burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk sg prgsgjth gstg ikck ujh phrtg jkrche bge prkigsk* Eks bhtks rgikfobks burhjtg ge sgfuocogjtk sg ikcphrhj ikj eks k`tgjobks he aojhe bge trhthcogjtk y ikj eks irotgroks bg sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih phrh gvheuhr iùck gstè ge ieogjtg y so mh mh`obk uj chjtgjocogjtk bge prkfrgsk% ujh cgdkrh hboiokjhe k uj gcpgkrhcogjtk* Iuhjbk jk mhy cgdkrh hboiokjhe k ge ieogjtg mh gcpgkrhbk% ikjvogjg ikcphrhr eks bhtks bg sgfuocogjtk ikj eks bg eh gvheuhioùj prgtrhthcogjtk phrh vhekrhr so sofug mh`ogjbk boagrgjiohs ieãjoih y+k gsthbãsto# ihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovhs gjtrg ge prgtrhthcogjtk y ge sgfuocogjtk* Gs ocpkrthjtg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs cgdkrhs hboiokjhegs k gcpgkrhcogjtks burhjtg ge sgfuocogjtk jk togjgj pkr quï ojboihr jgigshrohcgjtg jhbh higrih bg eh iheobhb bge trhth#

\rkigsk # 2=

cogjtk hpeoihbk* Ktrks ahitkrgs bg eh vobh bge ieogjtg pkbrãhj gxpeoihr ehs cgdkrhs k gcpgkrh# cogjtks mheehbks* Yo sg bgtgith qug eks rgsuethbks jk sg chjtogjgj% mh`rè qug ikcgjthrek ikj ge ieogjtg y% so gstg ek bgsgh% hjheozhr ehs ihushs y gj aujioùj bg gsths4 h/ rgojtrkbuior ge trhthcogjtk ikj chykr k cgjkr gxtgjsoùj y+k prkfrhchr cgdkrgs cgboks phrh ahioeothr ge chjtgjocogjtk% `/ bosgøhr uj jugvk trhthcogjtk% k i/ rgikjsobgrhr eh gvheuhioùj bge prk`egch y eh mopùtgsos gxpeoih# tovh* Aojhecgjtg% burhjtg ge pgrokbk bg sgfuocogjtk pugbgj bgsiu`rorsg jugvks prk`egchs% qug% so ge ieogjtg ek bgsgh% sg pugbgj h`krbhr* \kr ktrhuj phrtg% gj iuhequogr ckcgjtk h ek ehrfk bge prkigskqug bg ojtgrvgjioùj jgigsh# rok rgbhithr ojakrcg ieãjoik bg uj phiogjtg* Yg rgikcogjbh ge ojakrcg sghpugbg `rgvgsgr g ojieuyh% hbgcès bge eufhr y agimh% eks sofuogjtgs hphrthbks4 #

Bhtks prkagsokjhegs bge gvheuhbkr4 jkc`rg y hpgeeobks% j´ bg ikegfohbk% igjtrk k ojsto# tuioùj% borgiioùj*

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Bhtks pgrskjhegs bge phiogjtg4 jkc`rg y hpgeeobks% gbhb% sgxk% gsthbk iovoe% gstuboks% prkagsoùj% sotuhioùj eh`krhe% gti*/* Bg`g ikjsobgrhrsg eh prktgiioùj egfhe jgigshroh bg gstg topk bg bhtks gj ojakrcgs gsirotks*

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Cktovk bge ojakrcg4 skeoiothjtg y rhzkjgs bg eh rgheozhioùj bge ojakrcg*

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Ojakrchioùj bg eks boagrgjtgs èc`otks gvheuhbks4 h/ Cktovk bg ikjsueth y ktrks pkso# `egs prk`egchs bgtgithbks* `/ Hjèeosos bge prk`egch gj eh hituheobhb4 gj quï ikjsostg y vhroh`egs ojaeuygjtgs* i/ Mostkroh bge prk`egch4 ojoiok% cgdkrhs y gcpgkrhcogjtks y ahitk# rgs hskiohbks ikj eks coscks* b/ Rrhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs* g/ Pgiursks y eocoth# iokjgs bge ieogjtg*

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\rug`hs hbcojostrhbhs* Yg cgjiokjhj ehs prug`hs% ehs pujtuhiokjgs k`tgjobhs y eh oj# tgrprgthioùj bg gsths* Yo jk sg mh gsth`egiobk eh aoh`oeobhb y vheobgz bg ehs prug`hs utoeozh# bhs% bg`grè sgøhehrsg gstk% hsã ikck ktrhs eocothiokjgs gxostgjtgs*

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Bohfjùstoik* \ugbg sgfuorsg ge sostgch BYC#OQ#RP k IOG#8<% hujqug ikjvogjg rgikrbhr qug gj Gsphøh ge sostgch kaoiohe gs eh IOG#8<*

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Mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovh* Yg trhth bg kargigr gsqugcètoihcgjtg ujh mopùtgsos sk`rg ge krofgj y% gspgiohecgjtg ge chjtgjocogjtk bge prk`egch k prk`egchs bge phiogjtg*

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Rrhthcogjtk* Yo mh mh`obk% sg gspgioaoih gj quï mh ikjsostobk y eks rgsuethbks bge cos# ck% ojieuygjbk bhtks iuhjtothtovks* Yo jk ek mh mh`obk% sg ojieuyg uj pkso`eg pehj bg trh# thcogjtk y ktrhs rgikcgjbhiokjgs% hsã ikck uj prkjùstoik ikj y soj trhthcogjtk*

Gj akrcuehbhs ge ojakrcg bg`g gxpeãiothcgjtg ge frhbk bg ikjaohjzh cgrgigj ehs ikjieu# sokjgs y ehssgøhehrsg eocothiokjgs sofjoaoihtovhs qug pugbhj tgjgr ehsqug ojtgrprgthiokjgs rgheozh# bhs* \hrh geek mhy qug tgjgr gj iugjth hspgitks ikck ehs prug`hs phshbhs% eh hitotub% cktovhiokjgs y ikcpkrthcogjtk bge phiogjtg% ehs ioriujsthjiohs `hdk ehs qug sg mh k`tgjobk eh ojakrchioùj% gti* Wjhs rgikcgjbhiokjgs phrh geh`krhr ojakrcgs psoikeùfoiks ieãjoiks tgjogjbk gj iugjth hspgitks egfhegs% ïtoiks y fuãhs bg hskiohiokjgs prkagsokjhegs pugbgj vgrsg gj \ïrgz% Cuøkz y Husãj -0<<9% 0<<1/* Rhc`oïj pugbg ikjsuethrsg Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -0<<2/*

RH@EHY

\rkigsk # 2?

Yotuhiokjgs skiohegs tgcobhs Hitovhioùj bg supugstks -vosoùj bg eks bgcès ikck ojmgrgjtgcgjtg irãtoiks% frhj bgsgk bg ihushr ujh ocprgsoùj ahvkrh`eg% gvothr eh bgsh# prk`hioùj y+k jk eehchr eh htgjioùj% frhj bgsikjaohjzh gj eh prkpoh mh`oeobhb phrh ikjsgfuorek% gvheuhioùj jgfhtovh sofjoaoih ihrhitgrãstoihs prkpohs jgfhtovhs/

Muckr bgprocobk

Gxpgithtovhs jgfhtovhs -pgeofrk skiohe pgrio`obk/

Htgjioùj sgegitovh

Hjsogbhb -sãjtkchs ikrpkrhegs% hagitovks y ikfjotovks/

Ocprgsoùj bostkrsokjhbh bg iùck ujk irgg qug gs pgrio`obk y ikcphrhioùj bg eh cosch ikj ehs jkrchs qug sg irgg togjgj eks ktrks

Ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs k gvothioùj

Bïaoiot bg mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs

Hituhioùj ojshtosahitkroh su`dgtovh y+k rghe

Pghiiokjgs cgjks ikrbohegs k jgfhtovhs pkr phrtg bg ktrks

Ojtgragrgjioh gj eh vobh skiohe% eh`krhe y ahcoeohr Ygjtocogjtks bg ojagrokrobhb% `hdh hutkgstoch Bgprgsoùj% obghioùj suoiobh Aofurh 8* Ckbgek gxpeoihtovk bg eh ak`oh skiohe* -Hbhpthbk bg @hbks% 0<<8h% pèf* 21/*

\rkigsk # 7<

Yotuhiokjgs tgcobhs # Frhjbgs hechigjgs # Cgtrk # Mhigr ikehs

Gxpgithtovhs bg pgeofrk y+k hjsogbhb+pèjoik Mopgrvofoehjioh mhioh gstãcueks hcgjhzhjtgs Hitovhioùj aosokeùfoih Ahitkrgs Cgbohbkrgs # Cogbk h eh gvh# euhioùj jgfhtovh # Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb

Ïpkihs bg gstrïs

Gposkbok bg hjsogbhb k pèjoik

Ojtgrprgthioùj gj tïrcojks bg pgeofrk k hjsogbhb+pèjoik # Cogbk h pgrbgr ge ikjtrke # Cogbk h ckror

Gvothioùj y+k ikjbuiths bgagjsovhs

Ikjsgiugjiohs h ikrtk pehzk # Pgbuiioùj tgcpkrhe bge cogbk # Htgjioùj y hpkyk bg ktrks

Ikjsgiugjioh h cgbok+ehrfk pehzk # Pgbuiioùj bg ikjthitks skiohegs # \rk`egchs eh`krhegs # H`htocogjtk

Aofurh 0* Ckbgek gxpeoihtovk phrh ujh phiogjtg ikj trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj hfkrhak`oh*

\rkigsk # 78

Aofurh 9* Chirkhjèeosos* Hjsogbhb skiohe

\rgkiuphiokjgs skiohegs

\ïrbobh bg ojtgrïs sgxuhe

Ojskcjok Ikjaeoitk chrothe bg èjock bgprocobk yGsthbk chemuckrhbk

Ojirgcgjtk fgjgrhe bg eh hitovhioùj

Gvothioùj bg eks ikjthitks skiohegs

Hfkrhak`oh

Jkth* Rkchbk bg Gccgenhcp% @kuchj y Yimkeojf -8??0% ihp* 9/*

Aofurh 2* Coirkhjèeosos* Yotuhiokjgs tgcobhs # trgj y hutk`ôs # supgrcgrihbks # sheor skeh bg ihsh

Hjsogbhb y rghiiokjgs skcètoihs ikjikcothjtgs

\gjshcogjtks bg bgschyk

Gvothioùj bg ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs

Ikjsgiugjiohs -gjtrg ktrhs/ # rgbuiioùj h ikrtk pehzk bg eh hjsogbhb # ojirgcgjtk h ehrfk pehzk bg eh hjsogbhb # hucgjtk bg eh bgpgjbgjioh bg ktrks Jkth* Rkchbk bg Gccgenhcp% @kuchj y Yimkeojf -8??0% ihp* 9/*

\rkigsk # 70 1< 77

Bgtgrokrhbk 7< 27 2< 97

Yoj ihc`ok

9< 07 0<

Cgdkrhbk

87 8<

Pgiupgrhbk -pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe /

7

Pgiupgrhbk -pk`ehioù j aujiokjhe/ < Gvhe8

Gvhe0

Gvhe9

Gvhe2

Gvhe7

Gvhe1

Aofurh 7* Gvkeuioùj bg uj phiogjtg gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Bgprgsoùj bg @gin* Rh`eh 8* Irotgroks bg ïxotk y pkrigjthdg bg ihsks gxotksks 80 cgsgs bgspuïs bge trhthcogjtk bge heikmkeosck* Irotgrok bg ïxotk

# # # # # # #

Jk `g`gr jujih cès bg 2 bãhs+sgchjhy jujih cès 9 `g`obhs+bãh* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 9 `g`obhs+bãh* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 80 `g`obhs+sgchjh* Jk `g`gr jujih cès bg 2 bãhs+sgchjh* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 86 `g`obhs+sgchjh* Cgboh bg bãhs qug `g`g h eh sgchjh 5 2 y cgboh bg `g`obhs+bãh5 9* Jk tkchr jujih cès bg 08 `g`obhs+sgchjh*

# # # #

Cgboh `g`obhs bg `g`obhs 9 ikjsobgrhjbk pkr5sgchjh 5 80* sùek eks bãhs gj qug sg `g`g* @g`gr cgjks bg 2 bãhs+sgchjh* Cgboh `g`obhs pkr sgchjh 5 86* Cgboh `g`obhs pkr sgchjh 5 08*

Jkth* Rkchbk bg Yk`gee% Yk`gee y Fhvoj -8??7% pèf* 171/*

\krigjthdg bg ihsks gxotksks =%6 88%1 86%2 02%1 0?%< 9<%2 9?%8 20%< 1<%? 11%6 67%2 =0%1

\rkigsk # 79

PGAGPGJIOHY Htnojs% B*I*% @gbois% D*B*% CiFeojimgy% D*@* y @ghuimhojg% R*\* -0<<7/* Hssgssojf ieojoihe sofjoaoihjig4 Bkgs ot chttgr wmoim cgtmkb wg usg; Dkurjhe ka Ikjsuetojf hjb Ieojoihe \syimkekfy% 69% ?=0#?=?* @hbks% H* -0<<1/* Rrhthjbk… pèjoik y hfkrhak`oh* Chbrob4 \orècobg* @hbks% H* y Ikrkjhs% C* -0<<7/* Ojtgrvgjioùj gj uj ihsk bg ak`oh h eh shjfrg+ojygiiokjgs+mgrobhs* Gj D*\* Gsphbh% D* Keovhrgs y A*]* Cïjbgz -Ikkrbs*/% Rgrhpoh psoikeùfoih4 Ihsks prèitoiks-pp* 26#17/* Chbrob4 \orècobg* @hrekw% B*M* -8?==/* Hjxogty hjb ots boskrbgrs4 Rmg jhturg hjb trghtcgjt ka hjxogty hjb phjoi* Jugvh _krn4 Fuoeakrb \rgss* @hrekw% B*M* y Igrjy% D* -8?==/* \syimkekfoihe trghtcgjt ka phjoi* Jugvh _krn4 Fuoeakrb \rgss* @grjstgoj% B*H* y Jogtzge% C*R* -8?==/* Ojtrkbuiioùj h eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih * Cïxoik4 CiFrhw#Moee* -Krofojhe bg 8?=<*/ @ktgeeh% I* y Chrtãjgz% C*\* -8??6/* Rrhthcogjtk ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe bg eh mopkikjbrãh* Gj Q*G* Ih`heek -Bor*/% Chjuhe phrh ge trhthcogjtk ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe bg eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks -Qke* 8% pp* 977#2<1/* Chbrob4 Yofek ]]O* @uigth% D*C* -8??1/* \rkfrhchs bg ckboaoihioùj bg ikjbuith phrh ge trhthcogjtk bg eh hjkrgxoh jgrvoksh* Gj D*C* @uigth y H*C* @ugjk -Ikcps/*% Rrhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik bg mè`otks y gjagrcgbhbgs-pp* 9
\rkigsk # 72 Eh`rhbkr% A*D* -8??=/* Bosaujiokjgs sgxuhegs* Gj Qheegdk% C*H* -Gb*/% Chjuhe bg tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith%-Qke O% pèfs* 719#108/* Chbrob4 Bynojskj* Eh`rhbkr% A*D*% Gstupoøh% A*D* y Burèj% H* -0<<=/* Akrcuehioùj ieãjoih y trhthcogjtk psoikeùfoik bg uj ihsk bg trhstkrjk bg ikjtrke bg ocpuesks* Gj A*D* Eh`rhbkr -Ikkr*/% Rïijoihs bg ckboaoihioùj bg ikjbuith*-pp* 866#8?7/* Chbrob4 \orècobg* Chrns% O*C* y Chtmgws% H*C* -8?6?/* @roga sthjbhrb sgea#rhtojf siheg akr pmk`oi phtogjts* @gmhvokur Pgsghrim hjb Rmgrhpy% 86% 019#016* Coimgeskj% E*% Chvosshnheohj% C* y Chrimokjg% N* -8?=7/* Ikfjotovg hjb `gmhvokrhe trghtcgjts ka hfkrhpmk`oh4 Ieojoihe% `gmhvokrhe% hjb psyimkpmysokekfoihe kutikcgs* Dkurjhe ka Ikjsuetojf hjb Ieojoihe \syimkekfy% 79% ?89#?07* Cugeegr% C* y \gnhron% F* -0<<
\rkigsk # 77

H\ÏJBOIG4 OJRGP\PGRHIOÙJ BG EKY IWGYROKJHPOKY Ihbh iugstokjhrok prkpkriokjh ujh k cès pujtuhiokjgs* \hrh pkbgr ojtgrprgthrehs% gs jgig# shrok ikcphrhrehs ikj uj irotgrok jkrchtovk* Gj hefujks iugstokjhroks sg bospkjg bg `hrgcks gsthjbhrozhbks ikj pgrigjtoegs k pujtuhiokjgs topoaoihbhs* Yoj gc`hrfk% phrh cuimks bg eks iugs# tokjhroks utoeozhbks gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih jk gxostgj `hrgcks> sùek cgbohs y bgsvohiokjgs gstèj# bhr bg ujh k cès cugstrhs prkigbgjtgs bg pk`ehioùj ieãjoih% pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe y+k pk`ehioùj shjh* Eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe ojieuyg uj iogrtk jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj prgsgjthr h jovge ieãjoik k su`ieãjoik ge prk`egch ikjsobgrhbk* Gj ihc`ok% eh pk`ehioùj shjh jk prgsgjth jojfôj trhstkrjk psoikeùfoik* Eh pujtuhioùj qug mh k`tgjobk ujh ieogjtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 22* Gj eh sofuogjtg th`eh sg cugstrh eh cgboh y eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih bge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gj pk`ehioùj ieãjoih -ieogjtgs ikj trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ikj k soj hfkrhak`oh/ y gj pk# `ehioùj fgjgrhe gsphøkeh* Rhc`oïj sg ojboih eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr eh ieogjtg* \ujtuhioùj ieogjtg

\k`ehioùj ieãjoih -j 3 97/

\k`ehioùj fgjgrhe gs# phøkeh -j 3 709/

Cgboh BR Cgboh BR 90%= 8<%6 80%< ?%9 Gstks bhtks pgrcotgj ojtgrprgthr eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr eh ieogjtg* \hrh geek% sg mhj prk# pugstk bostojtks irotgroks4 22

Irotgrok h4 @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih bg ojtgrïs Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gj ge iugstokjhrok gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhj# bk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsgh`eg* Gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% ge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh gsth`egigr so ujh pgrskjh gstè k jk bgjtrk bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih% sg iheiuehrãh hsã4 90%= # -0 x 8<%6/ 3 88%2* Gj eh frèaoih pugbg vgrsg gstg pujtk bg ikrtg y ge èrgh ikekrghbh qug ikjtogjg ehs pujtuhiokjgs ieãjoih# cgjtg sofjoaoihtovhs* Gj ge ihsk bg eh ieogjtg% gs gvobgjtg qug su pujtuhioùj sk`rgphsh hcpeohcgj# tg gstg pujtk bg ikrtg y sg sotôh cès bg ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih pkr gjioch bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`eh# ioùj ieãjoih*

\rkigsk # 71

Gj iugstokjhroks ikck ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% chykrgs pujtuhiokjgs ik# rrgspkjbgj h chykr sojtkchtkekfãh* Gj ihc`ok% ktrks iugstokjhroks cobgj rgiursks% mh`oeobhbgs k ihrhitgrãstoihs pksotovhs* Gj gstg ihsk% phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg% mhy qug suchreg h eh cgboh bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr gj vgz bg rgstèrsgehs*

Irotgrok `4 @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gj ge iugstokjhrok gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhj# bk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh* Bg tkbks ckbks% pujtuhiokjgs qug gstïj ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih cès heeè bg eh cgboh pugbgj ojboihr ujh phtkekfãh egvg k ckbgrhbh* Gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% ge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh gsth`egigr so ujh pgrskjh gstè k jk bgjtrk bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% sg iheiuehrãh hsã4 80 . -0 x ?%9/ 3 9<%1* ^K `ogj% so sg ikjsobgrh skek ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih% hsã4 80 . -?%9/ 3 08%9*S Gj eh frèaoih pugbg vgrsg ge pro# cgrk bg gstks pujtks bg ikrtg y ge èrgh ikekrghbh qug ikjtogjg ehs pujtuhiokjgs ieãjoihcgjtg sof# joaoihtovhs* \kr thjtk% eh ieogjtg prgsgjth ujh gegvhbh susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb qug pugbg ikj# sobgrhrsg prk`egcètoih*

Gj iugstokjhroks ikck ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% chykrgs pujtuhiokjgs ik# rrgspkjbgj h chykr sojtkchtkekfãh* Gj ihc`ok% ktrks iugstokjhroks cobgj rgiursks% mh`oeobhbgs k ihrhitgrãstoihs pksotovhs* Gj gstg ihsk% phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg% mhy qug rgsthreg h eh cgboh bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr gj vgz bg sucèrsgehs*

Irotgrok i4 @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gj ge iugstokjhrok gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhj# bk gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih qug h eh fgjgrhe* Gstg irotgrok% bgjkco# jhbk irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb -IA/ sg bgaojg bg eh sofuogjtg chjgrh4 IA 3

Ci x BRf . Cf x BRi BRf . BRi

sogjbk Ci y BR i eh cgboh y bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y Cf y BR f eh cgboh y bgs# vohioùj tãpoih bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Wjh pujtuhioùj qug vhyh cès heeè bge vhekr bge irotgrok bg

\rkigsk # 76

aujiokjheobhb gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh bostro`uioùj bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih qug h eh bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Gj ge Ojvgjthrok bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb% ge irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb sg iheiuehrãh hsã4

\ujtuhioùj ieogjtg 22

IA 3

\k`ehioùj Ieãjoih Cgboh BR 90%=

8<%6

-90%= x ?%9/ . -80%< x 8<%6/ -8<%6 . ?%9/

\k`ehioùj fgjgrhe Gsphøkeh Cgboh BR 80%<

?%9

3 08%16

Gj eh frèaoih pugbg vgrsg gstg pujtk bg ikrtg y ge èrgh ikekrghbh qug ikjtogjg ehs pujtuhiok# jgs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovhs* Eh ieogjtg prgsgjth ujh pujtuhioùj bg susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsog# bhb qug gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih qug h eh fgjgrhe*

\rkigsk # 7=

Ikck pugbg hprgiohrsg iehrhcgjtg gj eh frèaoih% eks trgs irotgroks prkpkriokjhj pujtks bg ikrtg cuy bovgrsks*

H ikjtojuhioùj sg ojboih iuèjbk gs rgikcgjbh`eg utoeozhr ihbh ujk bg geeks gj ge prgtrh# thcogjtk4 # Ge irotgrok h phrgig ge cès rgikcgjbh`eg iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe jk sg supgrpkjgj% the ikck pugbg kiurror gj ge ihsk bg prk`egchs cuy frhvgs -p*gd*% hutosck% gsquozkargjoh/* # Ge irotgrok ` pugbg utoeozhrsg iuhjbk jk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih* # Ge irotgrok i gs ge cès hikjsgdh`eg iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe sg supgrpkjgj% ek iuhe gs cuy mh`otuhe gj eh chykrãh bg eks prk`egchs* Iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs sg supgrpkjgj% ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe qug pujtôhj cès hetk gj ujh bgtgrcojhbh cgbobh k`togjgj pujtuhiokjgs socoehrgs h ehs bg ehs pgrskjhs bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih qug pujtôhj cès `hdk gj boimh cgbobh* Gstk gs bg`obk h qug ehs cgbobhs utoeozhbhs jk togjgj uj pkbgr bosirocojhjtg ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg shtosahitk# rok y h qug eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe ojieuyg uj iogrtk jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj prgsgj# thr h jovge ieãjoik k su`ieãjoik ge prk`egch ikjsobgrhbk*

\rkigsk # 7?

GDGPIOIOK Gj eh sofuogjtg th`eh sg cugstrh eh cgboh y eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh gsiheh ―gvothioùj gsthjbk skek– bge Ojvgjthrok bg Ckvoeobhb gj pk`ehioùj ieãjoih -ieogjtgs hfkrhaù`oiks/ y gj pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Rhc`oïj sg ojboih eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr eh ieogjtg* \ujtuhioùj ieogjtg

9%6<

\k`ehioùj ieãjoih -j 3 =9/

Ci 9%9

BGi <%??

\k`ehioùj fgjgrhe gs# phøkeh -j 3 6
Cf 8%7<

BGf <%76

\PGFWJRH* Iheiueg gj procgr eufhr ge pujtk bg ikrtg sgfôj ihbh ujk bg eks trgs irotgroks prgsgjthbks y qug pugbg vkevgr h ikjsuethr gj eh th`eh qug sg prgsgjth h ikjtojuhioùj* Eugfk% ojboqug iuèe bg eks trgs irotgroks sgrãh ge cès obùjgk y dustoaoqug su rgspugsth* IPORGPOKY h/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih bg ojtgrïs* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gs ieãjoih# cgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhjbk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cg# boh bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsgh`eg* `/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoao# ihtovh iuhjbk gstè pkr gjioch bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`eh# ioùj fgjgrhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh* i/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjo# bh gs ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovh iuhjbk gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih qug h eh fgjgrhe* Gstg irotgrok% bgjkcojhbk irotgrok bg aujiokjheobhb -IA/ sg bgaojg bg eh so# fuogjtg chjgrh4 Ci x BRf . Cf x BRi IA 3 BRf . BRi

\rkigsk # 1<

PGY\WGYRH Irotgrok h 3 9%9 ’ -0 x <%??/ 3 8%90 Irotgrok ` 3 8%7< . -0 x <%76/ 3 0%12 Irotgrok i 3

-9%9 x <%76/ . -8%7< x <%??/ -<%?? . <%76/

3 0%81

Gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih pugbgj vgrsg rgprgsgjthbks eks trgs irotgroks hjtgrokrgs* Ge irotgrok i gs ge cès rgikcgjbh`eg% yh qug ehs bostro`uiokjgs bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe sg supgrpkjgj*

Gstks irotgroks thc`oïj pugbgj utoeozhrsg phrh vhekrhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe bg eks rgsuethbks k`tgjobks trhs ge trhthcogjtk% the ikck sg gxpeoih h ikjtojuhioùj*

\rkigsk # 18

YOFJOAOIHIOÙJ IEÃJOIH Ge k`dgtovk bge trhthcogjtk gs ekfrhr uj ihc`ok ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk% gs bg# ior qug bgshphrgzihj k cgdkrgj jkth`egcgjtg eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg* Wj ckbk bg ikjsgfuor gstk gs ikcphrhr eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjobh pkr ge ieogjtg ikj eh bg uj frupk jkrchtovk gxtrhãbk bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih% fgjgrhe k shjh* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% ge irotgrok phrh gsth`egigr so sg mh ekfrhbk uj ihc`ok ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gs cès rofurksk* \hrh rgheozhr gsth ikcphrhioùj jkrchtovh% pugbgj gcpeghrsg eks trgs irotgroks hjtgs cgjiok# jhbks4 h/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih bg ojtgrïs * Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk bg`g ihgr augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih* Eh puj# tuhioùj k`tgjobh bg`g gsthr pkr bg`hdk bg bks bgsvohiokjgs gstèjbhr cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsgh`eg* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg rgsthj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`hdk bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobg# rhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% sg suchj bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr gjioch bg gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè augrh bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe* Ikck pugbg vgr gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 88%2* # Yupugstk 8* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 00* H pgshr bg qug eh chfjotub bge ihc`ok rgspgitk he prgtrhthcogjtk -pujtuhioùj 22/ gs jkth`eg% ge jovge bg susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb ikjtojôh gsthjbk bgjtrk bg eh pk`ehioùj ieã# joih* #

Yupugstk 0* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 8<* Gj gstg ihsk% ge jovge bg susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb gstè augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`eh# ioùj ieãjoih*

\rkigsk # 10

`/ @hshrsg gj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Ge jovge bg aujiokjhcogjtk gj ge pkstrh# thcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk bg`g ihgr bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Eh puj# tuhioùj k`tgjobh bg`g gsthr pkr bg`hdk bg ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih cès heeè bg eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe gj eh borgiioùj bg eh phtkekfãh* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% sg such ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih h eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgrskjh bg`g sgr ofuhe k oj# agrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% sg rgsth ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih h eh cgboh bg eh pk`ehioùj phrh iheiuehr ge pujtk bg ikrtg* Eh pujtuhioùj bg eh pgr# skjh bg`g sgr ofuhe k supgrokr h gstg pujtk phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gstè bgjtrk bg eh pk`eh# ioùj fgjgrhe* Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug utoeozhcks ujh bgsvohioùj tãpoih gj vgz bg bks pkrqug trh`hdhcks ikj eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% eh iuhe ojieuyg h pgrskjhs qug pugbgj tgjgr ge prk`egch h jovge ieãjoik k su`ieãjoik* Gj ihc`ok% iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe k shjh% gs cès hbgiuhbk suchr k rgsthr bks bgsvohiokjgs tãpoihs h eh cgboh gj vgz bg ujh* Ikck pugbg vgr gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`o# eobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 08%9* Gj ge supugstk 8 -pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk 00/ ge jovge bg susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb bg eh ieogjtg sg gjiugjtrh augrh bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`eh# ioùj fgjgrhe% hujqug pkr pkik% cogjtrhs qug gj ge supugstk 0 -pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk 8
i/ @hshrsg * Gegjjovge bg gj eks gj bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y bggsehcès pk`ehioùj aujiokjhcogjtk ge pkstrhthcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk prk`h`egfgjgrhe qug ihofh eh bos# tro`uioùj bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe qug gj eh bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih* Eh pujtuhioùj k`tgjo# bh bg`g sk`rgphshr ge pujtk bg ikrtg qug sgphrh h gsths bks bostro`uiokjgs gj eh borgiioùj bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bgsgh`eg* Hsã pugs% so eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãs# toih jgfhtovh -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% eh pgrskjh bg`g pujtuhr pkr bg`hdk bge pujtk bg ikrtg ph# rh ikjsobgrhr qug gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Yo eh vhroh`eg ikjsobgrhbh cobg ujh ihrhitgrãstoih pksotovh -p*gd*% hutkjkcãh/% eh pgrskjh bg`g puj# tuhr pkr gjioch bge pujtk bg ikrtg phrh ikjsobgrhr qug gs cès prk`h`eg qug pgrtgjgzih h eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe*

\rkigsk # 19

Ikck pugbg vgr gj eh sofuogjtg frèaoih% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`o# eobhb h eh Hjsogbhb gs 08%16* # Yupugstk 8* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 00 qug gs cès prk`h`eg qug gstï bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih* Yoj gc`hr# fk% eh chfjotub bge ihc`ok rgspgitk he prgtrhthcogjtk -pujtuhioùj 22/ gs jkth`eg y eh pujtuhioùj sg sotôh cuy igrih bge pujtk bg ikrtg* # Yupugstk 0* Eh ieogjtg k`togjg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk ujh pujtuhioùj bg 8<* Gj gs# tg ihsk% ge jovge bg susigpto`oeobhb h eh hjsogbhb gs cès prk`h`eg qug gstï bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* Iuhjbk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj shjh% pugbg iheiuehrsg uj pujtk bg ikrtg bge cosck ckbk qug phrh eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe% hujqug sgrè cès gstroitk* \kr gdgcpek% tgjogjbk gj iugjth qug eh cgboh y eh bgsvohioùj tãpoih bg eh pk`ehioùj shjh gj ge Ãjboig bg Yusigpto`oeobhb h eh Hjsogbhb skj =%0 y 7%8 rgspgitovhcgjtg% ge pujtk bg ikrtg gs 81%82*

H ikjtojuhioùj sg ojboih iuèjbk gs rgikcgjbh`eg utoeozhr ihbh irotgrok gj ge pkstrhth# cogjtk k sgfuocogjtk phrh gvheuhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoik#skiohe4 # Ge irotgrok h gs ge cgjks hikjsgdh`eg% pgrk pugbg utoeozhrsg iuhjbk jk sg bospkjg bg bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj fgjgrhe* # #

Ge irotgrok ` phrgig ge cès rgikcgjbh`eg iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe jk sg supgrpkjgj* Ge irotgrok i gs ge cès hikjsgdh`eg iuhjbk ehs bostro`uiokjgs bg eh pk`ehioùj ieãjoih y fgjgrhe sg skehphj% ek iuhe gs cuy mh`otuhe*

Iuhjbk eh pujtuhioùj bge ieogjtg gj ge pkstrhthcogjtk k sgfuocogjtk iucpeg ge irotgrok sgegi# iokjhbk% pgrk eh chfjotub bge ihc`ok gs pgqugøh% bg`g vhekrhrsg eh pkso`oeobhb bg qug boimk ihc`ok sgh bg`obk socpegcgjtg he grrkr bg cgboioùj bge ojstrucgjtk utoeozhbk* Ge mgimk bg qug uj ieogjtg ihc`og bg ckbk ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gj ujh cgbobh bgtgr#

\rkigsk # 12

cojhbh jk ocpeoih jgigshrohcgjtg qug su prk`egch mhyh bgshphrgiobk k cgdkrhbk susthjiohecgj# tg* \kr gdgcpek% uj hfkrhaù`oik pugbg bgdhr bg tgjgr hthqugs bg pèjoik% pgrk chjtgjgr ujh gegvh# bh prgkiuphioùj pkr tgjgreks y ikjtojuhr gvothjbk cuimhs bg ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs* \hrh qug gxosth uj ihc`ok ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk gs jgigshrok qug uj ieogjtg cgdkrg jkth`egcgjtg gj eks hspgitks aujbhcgjthegs qug bgaojgj su prk`egch y jk sùek gj ujk bg geeks* Gxostgj ktrks cïtkbks -hbgcès bg eh ikcphrhioùj ikj uj frupk jkrchtovk/ phrh vhekrhr so uj ieogjtg mh ekfrhbk uj ihc`ok ieãjoih y+k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovk4 # Ikcphrhr ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge ieogjtg gj ehs ikjbuiths bg ojtgrïs ikj uj irotgrok prgao# # #

dhbk hr`otrhrohcgjtg pkr uj frupk bg gxpgrtks* Gvheuhr eh vhekrhioùj su`dgtovh qug mhig ge ieogjtg k pgrskjhs heegfhbhs sk`rg ge frh# bk gj qug mh ihc`ohbk gj eks prk`egchs bg ojtgrïs -phrh cgdkr k pgkr/ y+k ge frhbk gj qug gstks prk`egchs sofugj sogjbk ocpkrthjtgs g ojihphiothjtgs* Gvheuhioùj su`dgtovh gspgiãaoih qug mhigj dugigs qug jk ikjkigj he ieogjtg sk`rg ge frhbk gj qug gstg mh ihc`ohbk gj eks prk`egchs bg ojtgrïs -phrh cgdkr k pgkr/ y+k ge frh# bk gj qug su aujiokjhcogjtk gs hbgiuhbk k prgsgjth bgtgrcojhbks prk`egchs*

\rkigsk # 17

H\ÏJBOIG4 HJÈEOYOY AWJIOKJHE RGJRHROQK H ikjtojuhioùj sg prgsgjth eh ojakrchioùj ikjbgjshbh ikrrgspkjbogjtg h ujh procgrh sgsoùj bg gjtrgvosth ikj ujh ieogjtg qug prgsgjth uj prk`egch bg hjkrfhscoh* Rrhtg bg obgjtoaoihr hqug# eehs vhroh`egs ocpkrthjtgs qug supugsthcgjtg pkbrãhj ojaeuor gj eh bosaujioùj krfèscoih bg eh ieogjtg* Iuhjbk tgrcojg% gsiro`h iuèegs skj gsths vhroh`egs y iùck sg rgehiokjhj gjtrg sã> gs bgior% geh`krg uj ckbgek gxpeoihtovk tgjthtovk bg ek qug eg suigbg h eh ieogjtg*

\PGYGJRHIOÙJ BGE IHYK Euosh cudgr bg 90jujih høks* krfhscks Gstè ihshbh togjg bks modks bg vgz 2 y 6gstè høks* Hiubg h ikjsueth pkrqug jk gs mhujh gxpgrocgjthbk y% ybg`obk h geek% ihbh cgjks ojtgrgshbh gj ge sgxk* Gstk gstè ojaeuygjbk gj ehs rgehiokjgs ikj su chrobk*

Bgeocothioùj% bgtgrcojhjtgs y rgpgriusokjgs bge prk`egch* Euosh boig qug sogcprg mh tgjobk uj ojtgrïs jkrche pkr ge sgxk> gspgiohecgjtg eg htrhg eh gth# ph bg sgbuiioùj y dugfk hckrksk* Irgg qug gs ihphz bg gxiothrsg pgrk gj eh hituheobhb mh pgrbobk ihso tkthecgjtg ge bgsgk bg chjtgjgr rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs* Bgsbg ge ojoiok% sogcprg sgjtãh cès htrhiioùj ―ojtgegituhe– mhioh su chrobk qug jk aãsoih* Hituhecgjtg thcpkik sg sogjtg cuy htrhãbh aãsoihcgjtg pkr ïe* Gj fgjgrhe% su rgehioùj bg phrgdh gs `ugjh% hujqug irgg qug su jovge bg ikcu# joihioùj gs gsihsk y eg rgirocojh qug sg bgboih pkik h geeh y h sus modks pkrqug sg phsh tkbk ge bãh trh`hdhjbk* Gj eh hituheobhb chjtogjg rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs ujh vgz he cgs% hprkxochbhcgjtg* Gsths rgeh# iokjgs sogcprg hih`hj ikj ge ikotk y jk skj bgchsohbk shtosahitkrohs phrh Euosh* Ïsths sg sugegj bgshrrkeehr sogcprg bge cosck ckbk4 ge bãh qug bgiobgj chjtgjgr rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs sg quothj eh rkph rèpobhcgjtg eks bks% jk mhigj jojfôj topk bg dugfk prgvok y su chrobk sg ikekih gjioch suyk gyhiuehjbk he ih`k bg pkiks cojutks* Rhcpkik mhy hpgjhs ikjthitk ujh vgz qug su chrobk mh gyhiuehbk* Iuhjbk chjtogjgj rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs% eh pksturh ihso sogcprg gs eh cosch* Hefujh vgz mh ojtgjthbk pkjgrsg bg ehbk k geeh gjioch y ikcgjth qug geeh gstè uj pkik cès iùckbh bg gstg ckbk pkrqug hsã jk sogjtg thjtk ge pgsk bg su chrobk* Euosh ojakrch qug mhy ujh sgrog bg hspgitks qug ojaeuygj gj qug sus rgehiokjgs sghj uj pkik cès shtosahitkrohs% ikck pkr gdgcpek4 # # # #

Rgjgr dugfks prgvoks cès prkekjfhbks -hujqug pkihs vgigs mhj eegvhbk gstk h eh prèitoih yh qug h su chrobk jk eg hih`hj bg fusthr eks dugfks prgvoks y h Euosh thcpkik eg rgsueth frhtoaoihjtg ikck eks eegvh h ih`k su chrobk% yh qug ïstg gs uj pkik `rusik/* Gsthr gj ïpkihs bg vhihiokjgs% yh qug thjtk geeh ikck su chrobk gstèj cès rgehdhbks* Xug sus modks jk gstïj gj ihsh -gstk ôjoihcgjtg suigbg iuhjbk eks joøks sg vhj he pug`ek ikj eks h`ugeks 0 sgchjhs gj vgrhjk/* Ygjtorsg `ogj ikjsofk cosch -sgjtorsg htrhitovh/*

\kr ktrh phrtg% Euosh sg chstur`h kihsokjhecgjtg% ujh vgz he cgs cès k cgjks* Jkrchecgj# tg% ek mhig gstorhbh gj eh ihch% hjtgs bg qug su chrobk sg vhyh h bkrcor% y sg mhig chshdgs arktèj# bksg eks fgjothegs* Gj fgjgrhe% eh chstur`hioùj eg rgsueth pehigjtgrh hujqug jk mh gxpgrocgjthbk jujih uj krfhsck* Bgsbg ge pujtk bg vosth bg Euosh% phrh qug ujh rgehioùj sgxuhe augsg obghe bg`grãh ojoiohrsg ikj ihroiohs y `gsks* \hrh geeh sgrãh prgagro`eg qug ge dugfk prgvok burhsg `hsthjtg togcpk y sg moiogsg bg akrch phushbh* \kr ktrh phrtg% eg fusthrãh qug eh supogsgj hihroiohr ―`ogj–% yh qug irgg qug su chrobk gs ojihphz bg mhigrek hbgiuhbhcgjtg% gs cuy `rusik y igjtrh tkbhs sus ihroiohs gj eks fgjothegs y gj eks pgimks* Hsocosck% irgg qug sgjtorsg htrhãbh pkr su phrgdh -thjtk aãsoih ikck gckiokjhecgjtg/ gs aujbhcgjthe phrh pkbgr tgjgr ujh rgehioùj sgxuhe shtosahitkroh* \kr ktrh phrtg% Euosh togjg hefujhs irggjiohs grrùjghs rgspgitk h ek qug bg`g sgr ujh rgehioùj sgxuhe4 irgg qug gj

\rkigsk # 11

ihbh rgehioùj bg`grãh tgjgr vhroks krfhscks y qug ïstks bg`grãhj sgr burhbgrks* Ikj rgehioùj h su gbuihioùj sgxuhe% Euosh ojakrch qug ïsth aug cuy gstroith pkr phrtg bg sus phbrgs y gj su èc`otk ahcoeohr% jujih sg eegfù h mh`ehr h`ogrthcgjtg bge tgch* Hsocosck% thcpkik rgiugrbh mh`gr rgio`obk jojfujh gbuihioùj sgxuhe gj eh gsiugeh* Gj su ihsh% sg sgjtãh cuy ikjtrk# ehbh pkr su chbrg y sg eg ojiueih`h uj frhj tgckr h qugbhrsg gc`hrhzhbh* Bg mgimk% iuhjbk geeh grh hbkegsigjtg su chbrg sogcprg ikjtrkeh`h so tgjãh k jk eh rgfeh* Mhsth qug jk ojoioù sus gstu# boks supgrokrgs jk tuvk ojakrchioùj ikjirgth sk`rg sgxuheobhb y ïsth eh k`tuvk aujbhcgjthecgjtg bg eo`rks bg bovuefhioùj* Ikck ikjsgiugjioh bg gstg topk bg gbuihioùj% bgshrrkeeù% ujh hitotub jgfhtovh mhioh ge sgxk% qug irgg qug mh obk supgrhjbk h ek ehrfk bg eks høks*

Mostkroh bge prk`egch Pgiugrbh mh`gr gcpgzhbk h chstur`hrsg h eks 87 høks% hujqug ikj sgjtocogjtks bg iueph* Ygøheh qug burhjtg gsh ïpkih thc`oïj gxpgrocgjtù ujh gxpgrogjioh jgfhtovh gj eh qug uj bgpgj# bogjtg bg uj ikcgriok igrihjk eg hihroioù eks fgjothegs soj qug geeh ek mu`ogsg ikjsgjtobk* Pgiugr# bh qug gstg mgimk eg mozk sgjtorsg cuy che y h rhãz bg gstk gvoth`h qugbhrsg h skehs ikj uj mkc# `rg chykr qug geeh* Hujqug gstks tkihcogjtks eg hagithrkj burhjtg ujh ïpkih -ujks 1 cgsgs/% gj eh hituheobhb irgg qug jk eg hagith* H eks 8? høks sg ojoioù gj ehs rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs ikj su procgrh phrgdh* Gsths augrkj pkik frhtoaoihjtgs* Ojieusk% rgiugrbh qug ehs procgrhs rgehiokjgs ikj pgjgtrhioùj augrkj uj pkik bkek# rkshs -sgfôj gxpeoih% gsth`hj eks bks cuy gxiothbks y su phrgdh gjsgfuobh ojoioh`h eh pgjgtrhioùj y gyhiueh`h h eks pkiks cojutks/* Bgsbg gjtkjigs% tuvk bks phrgdhs sgxuhegs cès% hujqug gspkrè# boihs% hjtgs bg ikjkigr h su chrobk* Gj sus procgrks ikjthitks sgxuhegs tgjãh cuimk cogbk h qugbhr gc`hrhzhbh pkrqug jk utoeozh`h jojfôj topk bg cïtkbk hjtoikjigptovk* \kstgrokrcgjtg% gcpgzù h utoeozhr hefujk% pgrk gstk thcpkik hyubù h qug ehs rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs augsgj cès frhto# aoihjtgs*

Rrhthcogjtks prgvoks y hituhegs Euosh jk mh sgfuobk jojfôj trhthcogjtk mhsth ge ckcgjtk h pgshr bg qug sogcprg mh irgãbk qug su prk`egch sgxuhe grh bg`obk h hefujh ihush aãsoih* Yoj gc`hrfk% gj ehs gxpekrhiokjgs fojg# ikeùfoihs qug eg mhj mgimk jk mhj bgtgithbk jojfôj prk`egch cïboik qug pubogsg gxpeoihr sus prk`egchs sgxuhegs* \kr ek bgcès% eks ôjoiks ojtgjtks qug mh mgimk pkr su iugjth phrh skeuiokjhr mhj ikjsostobk `èsoihcgjtg gj eggr eo`rks k rgvosths bg bovuefhioùj qug eg pubogsgj hpkrthr ojakrchioùj sk`rg sgxuheobhb* Hsocosck% thc`oïj mh ojtgjthbk mh`ehr hefujh vgz ikj su chrobk phrh prkpkjgreg mhigr hefujhs ikshs boagrgjtgs gj sus rgehiokjgs sgxuhegs% pgrk Euosh ikcgjth qug ―sg sogjtg cuy vokegjth– mh`ehjbk bg gstks tgchs y qug pkihs vgigs mh ikjsgfuobk mh`ehr h`ogrthcgjtg bg geek* Irgg qug su chrobk jk sh`g rghecgjtg ge topk bg rgehiokjgs qug h geeh eg fusthrãh* H prkpugsth bg su chrobk% thc`oïj mh ojtgjthbk gxiothrsg vogjbk pgeãiuehs pkrjkfrèaoihs% ek iuhe thcpkik mh rg# suethbk gaoihz*

Gjagrcgbhbgs aãsoihs y cktovhioùj Euosh jk togjg jo mh tgjobk jojfujh gjagrcgbhb bgsthih`eg jo tkch gj eh hituheobhb jojfujh cgboihioùj* Euosh boig gsthr cuy ojtgrgshbh gj skeuiokjhr gstg prk`egch yh qug jk bgsgh qug ojtgraogrh gj su rgehioùj bg phrgdh*

\rkigsk # 16

8

EKY AOJGY BG EH GQHEWHIOÙJ

Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -8??9% pèf* 7=/ mh bgaojobk eh gvheuhioùj psoikeùfoih ikck "hqugeeh bosiopeojh bg eh \soikekfãh qug sg kiuph bge gstubok iogjtãaoik bge ikcpkrthcogjtk -h eks jovgegs bg ikcpegdobhb jgigshroks/ bg uj ieogjtg -k uj frupk gspgioaoihbk bg ieogjtgs/ ikj ge aoj bg bgs# iro`or% iehsoaoihr% prgbgior y% gj su ihsk% gxpeoihr y ikjtrkehr the ikjbuith"* Bgsbg ujh sg pgrspgitovh cès ieãjoih% hquge pugbg bgaojorsg eh gvheuhioùj ikck trhvïs bge iuhe trhth bg obgjtoaoihr% gspgioaoihr y iuhjtoaoihr ehs ikjbuiths k`dgtk bg prkigsk gstubok ’h cktkrhs% ikfjotovhs% hutkjùcoihs% gckiokjhegs’ hsã ikck ehs vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs y pgrskjhegs rgehiokjhbhs ikj geehs -gj ge phshbk y+k gj ge prgsgjtg/% ikj eh aojheobhb bg gxpeoihr y ckboaoihr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk k eegvhr h ih`k iuhequogr topk bg hjèeosos k ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih4 bohfjùs# toik% prkjùstoik -prgbgior eh gvkeuioùj bg uj prk`egch/% krogjthioùj -hikjsgdhr iogrtk topk bg tgrhpoh% hyubhr h ujh phrgdh h bgiobor so sg sgphrh k jk/% sgegiioùj -gegfor k jk h ujh pgrskjh phrh uj bgtgrcojhbk trhthcogjtk h ojvgstofhr/% vhekrhioùj bg eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks ikj eh ojtgr# vgjioùj* Gsths aojheobhbgs prèitoihs ocpeoihj ehs kpgrhiokjgs `èsoihs bg bgsiropioùj% iehsoaoihioùj% gxpeoihioùj% prgboiioùj y+k ikjtrke* Gj ikjirgtk y bgsbg ujh pgrspgitovh ieãjoih% eks aojgs bg eh gvheuhioùj pugbgj sgr eks so# fuogjtgs4

0

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Obgjtoaoihr eks prk`egchs hituhegs y+k phshbks bg uj ieogjtg% bgsiro`oreks y gspgioaoihr# eks*

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Obgjtoaoihr y gspgioaoihr hqugeehs vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs y pgrskjhegs qug ikjtro`uygj h chjtgjgr eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg y hqugeehs qug pugbgj gxpeoihr ge surfocogjtk y bgsh# rrkeek bg eks coscks*

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Obgjtoaoihr rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg*

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Akrcuehr ujh k cès mopùtgsos gxpeoihtovhs qug bgj iugjth bg eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg*

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Obgjtoaoihr eks k`dgtovks qug ge ieogjtg quogrg ikjsgfuor*

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\grcotor ge bosgøk bg uj prkfrhch bg trhthcogjtk ojbovobuheozhbk qug tgjfh gj iugjth eks bhtks k`tgjobks*

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Qhekrhr so ge trhthcogjtk sg hpeoih bge ckbk bg`obk y% gj ihsk ikjtrhrok% obgjtoaoihr eks cktovks y pgrcotor ehs hiiokjgs pgrtojgjtgs*

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ikj gektrhthcogjtk y% ojtgrvgjioùj* gj ihsk jgigshrok% Qhekrhr rgsuethbks qug sg vhj ikjsofuogjbk pgrcotor eheksojtrkbuiioùj bg ckboaoihiokjgs gj ge cosck ge ihc`ok bg

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Qhekrhr eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks he aojhe bge trhthcogjtk y ge frhbk gj qug sg mhj ikjsgfuobk eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks prkpugstks*

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Qhekrhr ge chjtgjocogjtk bg eks rgsuethbks ikjsgfuobks*

Ktrks gdgcpeks bg irggjiohs rgehiokjhbhs ikj bovgrsks hspgitks skj4

\rkigsk # 1=

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9

Rrostgzh4 h/ phrh sgr ageoz% bg`k tgjgr ïxotk gj tkbk ek qug cg prkpkjfh% `/ jk pugbk vo# vor soj to% i/ so hefuogj sg cugstrh gj bgshiugrbk ikjcofk% sofjoaoih qug jk eg fustk* Higpthioùj4 h/ jk sky jhbh h jk sgr qug cg quogrhj% `/ irãtoih sofjoaoih rgimhzk pgrskjhe% i/ sogcprg mhy qug ikcpehigr h eks bgcès* Ikcpgtgjioh4 h/ sùek mhy fhjhbkrgs y pgrbgbkrgs gj eh vobh% `/ so ikcgtk uj grrkr% mg arhihshbk% i/ eks ïxotks bg eks bgcès quothj vhekr h eks cãks% b/ tgjfk qug mhigr ehs ikshs pgragithcgjtg% g/ so hefk jk gs pgragitk% jk gs `ugjk* Pgspkjsh`oeobhb4 h/ sky ge projiophe rgspkjsh`eg bg qug eks ktrks sg ek phsgj `ogj iuhj# bk gstèj ikjcofk% `/ sky ge projiophe rgspkjsh`eg bg iùck skj cos modks* 4 h/ sky ge ôjoik pugbkbgchsohbk skeuiokjhrikj coshefuogj% prk`egchs% `/ tgjfk qug chjtgjgr ge Ikjtrketkbk ikjtrke ge togcpk% i/ qug so ojtock cg ikjtrkehrè* Hjsogbhb4 h/ bg`k gsthr trhjquoek sogcprg% `/ gs pgeofrksk tgjgr sãjtkchs bg hjsogbhb* Ikcujoihioùj ojtgrpgrskjhe4 h/ gs ojahjtoe k ojhprkpohbk gxprgshr eks sgjtocogjtks pk# sotovks% `/ jk sg pugbg bgior jk bg uj ckbk hch`eg% i/ ehs kpojokjgs bg ujk jk skj thj vheokshs ikck ehs bg eks ktrks% b/ eh fgjtg jk eg hprgioh h ujk so sg cugstrh bgshiugrbk ikj hefk bg ek qug boigj*

Gs bgior4 # #

Rkchjbk ikck pujtk bg phrtobh ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug hphrgig ge hjtgigbgjtg% mhy qug bgtgrcojhr ge jôcgrk bg vgigs gj qug sg bh eh ikjbuith y iheiuehr ge pkrigjthdg ikrrgs# pkjbogjtg* Hbgcès% mhy qug mhigr ek cosck% pgrk tkchjbk ikck pujtk bg rgagrgjioh ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug jk hphrgig ge hjtgigbgjtg* Eugfk% mhy qug ikcphrhr eks bks pkrigjthdgs*

2

Eh ikjtojfgjioh gs pksotovh so eh procgrh prk`h`oeobhb gs chykr qug eh sgfujbh y jgfhtovh gj ihsk ikjtrhrok* Eh ikjtojfgjioh gs ikcpegth k pgragith iuhjbk ujh bg ehs bks prk`h`oeobhbgs gs igrk y eh ktrh gs chykr qug igrk*

Qghcks bks gdgcpeks* Wj ieogjtg prgsgjth bkekr bg ih`gzh ge ?<' bg ehs vgigs trhs ujh bos# iusoùj ikj su phrgdh* Yh`gr socpegcgjtg gstk jk gs suaoiogjtg phrh ikjieuor qug eh bosiusoùj ikj# yufhe gs uj hjtgigbgjtg bge bkekr* Gs jgigshrok gsth`egigr hbgcès qug ge bkekr bg ih`gzh hphrgig uj pkrigjthdg bg vgigs cuimk cgjkr -p*gd*% 7<' k cgjks/ iuhjbk jk mhy bosiusokjgs ikjyufhegs* Yo ge bkekr bg ih`gzh hphrgiogrh thc`oïj ge =7' bg ehs vgigs gj qug jk mhy bosiusokjgs ikjyufh# egs% eh ikjieusoùj sgrãh qug gsths bosiusokjgs jk skj ujh vhroh`eg rgegvhjtg* Gs bgior% jk mh`rãh rgehioùj gjtrg gsths y ge bkekr bg ih`gzh% yh qug eh pgrskjh togjg eh cosch prk`h`oeobhb bg suaror gstg bkekr iuhjbk mhy bosiusokjgs qug iuhjbk jk ehs mhy* Gj ihc`ok% iuhjtk chykr sgh eh boag# rgjioh gjtrg eks bks pkrigjthdgs% cès bgpgjbg eh kiurrgjioh bg eh ikjbuith bg eh bge hjtgigbgjtg* Yupkjfhcks hmkrh qug ge bkekr bg ih`gzh sg bh ge 9<' bg ehs vgigs qug mhy bosiusoùj chrothe y ge 7' bg vgigs jk mhy boimk topk bg bosiusoùj* \ugbg qugaugrh boimk<'% bkekr bgpgjbg gj ehs phrtg bg ehqug kiurrgjioh bg bosiusokjgs chrothegs* Yo gebgiorsg sgfujbkgjtkjigs pkrigjthdg eh ikjtojfgjioh sgrãh pgragith% cogjtrhs qug so augrh 9<'% jk mh`rãh ikjtojfgjioh4 ge bkekr bg ih`gzh y ehs bosiusokjgs chrothegs jk tgjbrãhj jhbh qug vgr% yh qug eh pgrskjh tgjbrãh eh cosch prk`h`o# eobhb bg suaror gstg bkekr iuhjbk mhy bosiusokjgs qug iuhjbk jk ehs mhy* \kr ktrh phrtg% so mhy ikjtojfgjioh y ge procgr pkrigjthdg jk gs cuy hetk % quogrg bgior h/ qug eh prk`h`oeobhb bg eh ikjbuith bgpgjbg bg iogrths ihrhitgrãstoihs bge hjtgigbgjtg obgjtoaoihbk -p*gd*% ikjtgjobk k ojtgjsobhb bg eh bosiusoùj chrothe/ y+k `/ qug ktrks ahitkrgs hjtgigbgjtgs bg`gj ojtgrhituhr ikj ge obgjtoaoihbk phrh bhr eufhr h eh ikjbuith -bkekr bg ih`gzh/% yh qug gsth jk sg bh cuimhs bg ehs vgigs bgspuïs bg eh kiurrgjioh bg hquge* Hbgcès% so ge sgfujbk pkrigjthdg augrh sofjoaoihtovhcgj# tg chykr qug igrk% mh`rãh% hbgcès bge obgjtoaoihbk% ktrks hjtgigbgjtgs bge bkekr bg ih`gzh*

\rkigsk # 1?

Gj sgfujbk eufhr% sg `usih gsth`egigr phrh ihbh phr bg hikjtgiocogjtks -p*gd*% uj hjtgigbgjtg y ujh ikjbuith/ jk sùek eh prk`h`oeobhb bg qug eh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih sofh h uj bgtgrcojhbk hjtgigbgjtg% sojk thc`oïj eh prk`h`oeobhb -pkrigjthdg bg vgigs/ bg qug eh ikjbuith sgh prgig# bobh pkr boimk hjtgigbgjtg* Gs bgior% tkchjbk ikck pujtk bg phrtobh ge jôcgrk bg vgigs qug hphrgig eh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih% mhy qug bgtgrcojhr iuhjths bg gsths vgigs augrkj prgigbobhs pkr ge hjtgigbgjtg> gstk bh ujh obgh bg eh ocpkrthjioh bg gstg* Hsã% gs pkso`eg qug ge bkekr bg ih# `gzh kiurrh ge ?<' bg ehs vgigs gj qug mh mh`obk ujh bosiusoùj chrothe% pgrk qug sùek ge 06' bg eks bkekrgs bg ih`gzh sg vghj prgigbobks pkr boimhs bosiusokjgs -pkr thjtk ge 69' jk vhj prgigbo# bks pkr geehs/*sgrãhj Yo sùek ikjsobgrh geprojiophegs procgr pkrigjthdg% hefujks pgjshr qug ehs pkrigjth# bosiusok# jgs chrothegs ehssgrgspkjsh`egs bge prk`egch* Yojpkbrãhj gc`hrfk% ge sgfujbk dg ojboih qug gxostgj ktrks hjtgigbgjtgs ocpkrthjtgs bge bkekr bg ih`gzh -p*gd*% prk`egchs gikjù# coiks% gxigsk bg trh`hdk/ qug mh`rãh qug bgsiu`ror* Ikjsobgrgcks eks sofuogjtgs bhtks bg uj ieogjtg k`tgjobks h ek ehrfk bg 9 cgsgs* Jôcgrk bg bãhs Ikj bosiusoùj prgvoh Yoj bosiusoùj prgvoh

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\krigjthdg bg bãhs ikj bkekr bg ih`gzh ?<' 9<'

Ygfôj gstks bhtks% ge bkekr bg ih`gzh kiurrg ge ?<' bg eks bãhs gj qug mh mh`obk ujh bosiu# soùj chrothe y ge 9<' bg eks bãhs gj qug jk mh mh`obk the bosiusoùj* Hmkrh `ogj% bg eks 11 bãhs ikj bkekr bg ih`gzh% sùek ge 06%9' -8= bg 11/ augrhj prgigbobks pkr bosiusokjgs ikjyufhegs> pkr thjtk ge 60%6' -2= bg 11/ jk augrkj prgigbobks pkr geehs* Gj Agrjèjbgz#@heegstgrks -8??2% pèfs* ?8 y 82=/% pugbgj vgrsg gdgcpeks bg mopùtgsos prg# sgjthbhs gj akrch frèaoih* Gj ge gdgcpek bg eh pèf* ?8 pugbgj vgrsg rgehiokjgs ihushegs `oborgi# iokjhegs -p*gd*% gjtrg _8 g _ 0/> côetopegs vhroh`egs bgpgjbogjtgs g ojbgpgjbogjtgs y côetopegs vãhs ihushegs -hujqug eh boagrgjiohioùj gjtrg gstks bks topks bg vhroh`egs gs cès ikjvgjiokjhe qug rghe iuhjbk sg pkstuehj rgehiokjgs `oborgiiokjhegs/> eks pgsks rgehtovks bg ehs rgehiokjgs ihushegs> rgeh# iokjgs cgbohbhs -p*gd*% ]0 ←]1 ←_0/> rgehiokjgs ihushegs gjtrg ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs -_ 8 g _0/> rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs jk ihushegs -] 2 ⇒]7/*

7

Gxostg ujh rgehioùj aujiokjhe iuhjbk bks k cès vhroh`egs togjgj vhrohjzh ikcphrtobh* Mhyjgs y K&@rogj -8??
Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ocpeoihj sùek ujh ikvhrohjzh gjtrg vhroh`egs% bg ckbk qug ehs rgehiokjgs pugbgj sgr ihushegs k ikrrgehiokjhegs> bg tkbhs akrchs% skj ehs procgrhs ehs qug ojtgrgshj bg ihrh he trhthcogjtk* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs vhroh`egs pugbgj sgr pkr uj ehbk ikjtrkeh`egs k jk> y pkr ktrk% ocpkrthjtgs k trovohegs sgfôj ge thjtk pkr iogjtk bg vh# rohjzh qug gxpeoqugj gj eh rgehioùj -k gj ge ckbgek cuetoihushe/*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs rgquogrgj h/ qug eh vhroh`eg ojbgpgjbogjtg -QO% hikjtgiocogjtk ihushe/ prgigbh gj ge togcpk h eh vhroh`eg bgpgjbogjtg -QB% hikjtgio# cogjtk ihushbk/% `/ qug eh prk`h`oeobhb bg ihc`ok gj eh QB bhbk uj ihc`ok gj eh QO sgh sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg boagrgjtg bg eh prk`h`oeobhb bg ihc`ok gj eh QB bhbh ujh husgjioh bg ihc`ok gj eh QO% y i/ qug sg gxieuyhj gxpeoihiokjgs hetgrjhtovhs bg ehs rgehiokjgs k`sgr# vhbhs*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs pugbgj sgrek rgiãprkih k `oborgiiokjhecgjtg* Eh gvothioùj hfkrhaù`oih pugbg eegvhr h eh bgprgsoùj y+k gsth pugbg ikjbuior h eh gvothioùj

\rkigsk # 6<

hfkrhaù`oih* #

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs jk togjgj pkr quï sgr eo jghegs% sojk qug pugbgj hsu# cor ujh akrch iuhbrètoih% phrh`ùeoih% ekfhrãtcoih k `oaèsoih> pkr gdgcpek% gxostg ujh rgeh# ioùj bg u ojvgrtobh gjtrg ge rgjbocogjtk y ge frhbk bg hitovhioùj* \kr ktrh phrtg% ehs rgeh# iokjgs ihushegs pugbg prgsgjthr gagitks bg sugek k bg tgimk*

#

Wjh rgehioùj ihushe pugbg gsthr gj gagitk sùek iuhjbk sg mh sk`rgphshbk uj jovge irã# toik bg eh vhroh`eg ihushe* Hsã% pugbg bgsiu`rorsg ujh rgehioùj ihushe gjtrg ikjaeoitk chro#

#

the y hthqugs bg pèjoik sùek iuhjbk ge procgrk heihjzh ujh iogrth chfjotub* Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs jk skj gxieuygjtgs* Wjh rgehioùj gjtrg ujh QB -p*gd*% bgprg# soùj/ y vhrohs QO -jgurktrhjscoskrgs/ jk ocpobg qug mhyh ktrhs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ocpkrthjtgs gjtrg boimh QB y ktrhs QO -ikfjoiokjgs jgfhtovhs% pïrbobh bg rgakrzhcogjtk skiohe/* Hsã pugs% ujh ikjbuith pugbg tgjgr% y bg mgimk argiugjtgcgjtg togjg% côetopegs ihushs% ehs iuhegs pugbgj ojtgrhituhr k tgjgr gagitks hbotovks k sojïrfoiks> eh ocpkr# thjioh k pgsk bg gsths ihushs vhrãh sgfôj ehs pgrskjhs*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs gjtrg bks vhroh`egs pugbgj gsthr cgbohbhs pkr ktrhs vhroh`egs* Hsã% ge qug uj ieogjtg ikj trhstkrjk bg pèjoik ojtgrprgtg cès k cgjks ih# thstrùaoihcgjtg iogrths sgjshiokjgs ikrpkrhegs bgpgjbgrè bg ehs gxpeoihiokjgs qug tgjfh phrh gsths y bg eh prgsgjioh bg sgøhegs bg sgfurobhb -p*gd*% ujh pgrskjh bg ikjaohjzh/*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs skj sogcprg prk`h`oeãstoihs gj vgz bg bgtgrcojosths*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs pugbgj vhrohr ikj ge togcpk% thjtk pkr ek qug rgspgith h ehs QO rgehiokjhbhs ikj eh QB ikck h eh augrzh bg eh rgehioùj* Hsã% ehs rgspugsths bg bkekr ojoiohecgjtg ojbuiobhs pkr ahitkrgs krfèjoiks pugbgj tgrcojhr pkr sgr chjtgjobhs projio# phecgjtg pkr ahitkrgs skiohegs*

#

Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs togjgj bkcojoks k eãcotgs bg aujiokjhcogjtk -p*gd*% ikjtgx# tks/* Gs bgior% skj vèeobhs skehcgjtg `hdk iogrths ikjboiokjgs y sotuhiokjgs* \kr gdgcpek% eh rgehioùj gjtrg `hdh hutkgaoihioh y rgihãbh gj ge ihsk bg eh brkfkbgpgjbgjioh sg bh sk# ehcgjtg gj uj hc`ogjtg gj ge iuhe eh brkfh gstè bospkjo`eg*

#

Wjh vhroh`eg ojbgpgjbogjtg gj ujh rgehioùj aujiokjhe pugbg sgr jgigshroh% suaoiogjtg% jgigshroh y suaoiogjtg k jo jgigshroh jo suaoiogjtg -p*gd*% ikrrgehiokjhe/*

#

Ehs vhroh`egs aujiokjhegs vhrãhj gj su jovge -ojbovobuhe% ojtgrpgrskjhe% skiohe/ y bg`gj sgr utoeozhbhs gj ge cès pgrtojgjtg phrh ihbh hpeoihioùj -ojbovobuks% frupks% ikcujobh# bgs/* \kr gdgcpek% eh gvothioùj hfkrhaù`oih pugbg gsthr rgehiokjhbh ikj vhroh`egs bg ch# irkjovge -iehsg skiohe% gtjoh/ y ikj vhroh`egs bg coirkjovge -cogbk h eks hthqugs bg pèjo# ik/* Ehsheprocgrhs pugbgj ojtgrgshr cès he skioùekfk k he psoiùekfk ikcujothrok y ehs sg# fujbhs psoiùekfk ieãjoik*

#

Rkbhs ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs pugbgj bgsiro`orsg chtgcètoihcgjtg*

Gxostgj cuimhs pkso`egs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs gj ihbh ihsk* Yoj gc`hrfk% ge tgrhpguth gstè prockrbohecgjtg ojtgrgshbk gj hqugeehs vhroh`egs ocpkrthjtgs y ikjtrkeh`egs iuyh chjopuehioùj bï eufhr h uj ihc`ok ieãjoihcgjtg sofjoaoihtovk* Mhyjgs y K&@rogj -8??<% pèf* 172/ bgaojgj ge hjèeosos aujiokjhe ikck eh obgjtoaoihioùj bg rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs ihushegs% ocpkrthjtgs y ikjtrkeh`egs% hpeoih`egs h uj ikjdujtk gspgioaoihbk bg ikjbuiths k`dgtovk bg uj bgtgrcojhbk ieogjtg* Ehs rgehiokjgs aujiokjhegs jk sg eocothj h hqugeehs gjtrg QO y QB% sojk qug ojieuygj

\rkigsk # 68

thc`oïj ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg vhroh`egs ihushegs k QO* Hsã% uj ojskcjok pugbg sgr ujh aujioùj bg uj gsthbk bgprgsovk y bg uj bgshdustg chrothe% pgrk hbgcès gstg ôetock pugbg sgr ujh vhroh`eg ihushe phrh ge gsthbk bgprgsovk k gsthr ikrrgehiokjhbk ikj gstg* Mhyjgs -0<<7/ bgsiro`g eks phsks h sgfuor phrh geh`krhr uj hjèeosos aujiokjhe* 1 Ktrk prk`egch ikj eks bhtks jkrchtovks gs qug ehs ikjboiokjgs gj ehs qug sg k`togjgj gj eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe y bosaujiokjhe jk skj ehs coschs* -Nhzboj% 8???/* Eks bg eh pk`ehioùj auj# iokjhe rhrhcgjtg gstèj `hshbks gj pgrskjhs qug mhyhj sobks gvheuhbhs gj bks ckcgjtks boagrgj# tgs* Gj ikjtrhstg% eks bhtks bg eh pk`ehioùj bosaujiokjhe sugegj k`tgjgrsg gj uj ikjtgxtk bg gvh# euhioùj bge trhthcogjtk y ikj gvheuhiokjgs rgpgtobhs -prg# y pkstrhthcogjtk/* Gstk mhig qug eh pujtuhioùj pkstrhthcogjtk bg eks phiogjtgs jk sgh jgigshrohcgjtg ikcphrh`eg ikj eh k`tgjobh gj eh pk`ehioùj aujiokjhe*

Ygffhr% Ehc`grt y Mhjsgj -0<<0/ ikjsobgrhj qug ge gcpegk bg ojtgrvheks bg ikjaohjzh gs rgbujbhjtg iuhjbk sg gcpegh ge ãjboig bg ihc`ok gsthbãstoihcgjtg aoh`eg -OIGA/% yh qug eh aùr# cueh phrh iheiuehr uj ojtgrvhek bg ikjaohjzh gs ge pujtk bg ikrtg ¸ 0OIGA* Yo sg ush uj ojtgrvhek bg ikjaohjzh% sofjoaoih qug eh pujtuhioùj bg uj phiogjtg bg`g ihc`ohr he cgjks eh chfjotub bge OIGA y qug jk pugbg ikcgjzhr bgjtrk bg eh hcpeotub bgtgrcojhbh pkr ge OIGA he utoeozhr ge pujtk bg ikrtg ikck pujtk cgbok* Yk`rgphshr ge pujtk bg ikrtg y ikjsgfuor uj ihc`ok supgrokr he OIGA gs suaoiogjtg phrh bgtgrcojhr eh sofjoaoihioùj ieãjoih* Hbgcès% so sg ushrhj ojtgrvheks bg ikjaohj# zh% eks bhtks bg eks phiogjtgs qug ihygrhj bgjtrk bg eks coscks jk pkbrãhj gcpeghrsg* 6

=

Mochbo% @koig y @hrekw -8?=1/ prkpkjgj qug ge gsthtus bg gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gs

sofjoaoihtovk sùekaojhe phrhbghqugeeks ieogjtgs qugbg`gj rgspkjbgj he trhthcogjtk* ktrhs pheh`rhs% eks irotg#k roks bg gsthbk aujiokjhcogjtk hpeoihrsg sùek h eksGj ieogjtgs qug rgspkjbgj cgdkrhj ikj ge trhthcogjtk* Bg gstg ckbk% ge ekfrk bg uj gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk gegvh# bk bgpgjbg bg ihc`oks jkth`egs burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk y jk bg pgqugøks ihc`oks gj ieogjtgs qug gstuvogrhj yh gj ge prgtrhthcogjtk igrih bg boimk gsthbk aojhe bg aujiokjhcogjtk*

O\IY # 8

Ahiuetht bg \soikekfoh Bgphrthcgjt bg \grskjheotht% Hvheuhioù o Rrhithcgjt \soikeðfois

EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ \YOIKEÙFOIH4 IHPHIRGPÃYROIHY _ CKBGEKY Hrturk @hbks Eùpgz Bgphrthcgjtk bg \grskjheobhb% Gvheuhioùj y Rrhthcogjtk \soikeùfoiks Ahiuethb bg \soikekfãh% Wjovgrsobhb bg @hrigekjh 08 bg kitu`rg bg 0<<= BGAOJOIOÙJ _ IHPHIRGPÃYROIHY BG EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ \YOIKEÙFOIH******************* 0 HIROQOBHBGY BG EKY \YOIÙEKFKY IEÃJOIKY******************************************************************* 9 Gvheuhioùj************************************************************************************************************************************ 9 Rrhthcogjtk% prgvgjioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj************************************************************************************** 9 Ojvgstofhioùj ******************************************************************************************************************************** 1 Gjsgøhjzh************************************************************************************************************************************* 1 Hsgskrhcogjtk****************************************************************************************************************************** 1 Borgiioùj y fgstoùj*********************************************************************************************************************** 6 JOQGEGY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ **************************************************************************************************** 6 Ojtgrvgjioùj gj phrgdh k ahcoeoh*************************************************************************************************** = Ojtgrvgjioùj gj frupk******************************************************************************************************************* = Ojtgrvgjioùj gj eh ikcujobhb **************************************************************************************************** 8< CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ *********************************************************************************************** 8< Ckbgek cïboik u krfèjoik********************************************************************************************************* 88 Ckbgek ikcujothrok ******************************************************************************************************************* 88 Ckbgeks psoikbojècoiks************************************************************************************************************ 89 Ckbgeks ********************************************************************************************************* 8= Ckbgeks agjkcgjkeùfoiks sostïcoiks ******************************************************************************************************************** 02 Ckbgeks ikjbuituhegs y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs*********************************************************************** 0= AHIRKPGY BOAGPGJIOHEGY GJRPG EKY BOQGPYKY CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ 92 AHIRKPGY IKCWJGY H EHY BOYROJRHY KPOGJRHIOKJGY******************************************** 91 GIEGIROIOYCK G OJRGFPHIOÙJ ******************************************************************************************* 9= Ropks bg giegitoiosck y jovgegs bg ojtgfrhioùj************************************************************************** 9? K`stèiueks phrh eh ojtgfrhioùj *************************************************************************************************** 28

O\IY # 0

ÈPGHY BG H\EOIHIOÙJ *********************************************************************************************************** 20 PGAGPGJIOHY***************************************************************************************************************************** 26

BGAOJOIOÙJ _ IHPHIRGPÃYROIHY BG EH OJRGPQGJIOÙJ \YOIKEÙFOIH Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih ikjsostg gj eh hpeoihioùj bg projiopoks y tïijoihs psoikeùfoiks pkr phrtg bg uj prkagsokjhe hirgbothbk ikj ge aoj bg hyubhr h ktrhs pgrskjhs h ikcprgjbgr sus prk# `egchs% h rgbuior kk rgehiokjgs supgrhr gstks% h prgvgjor kiurrgjioh bg eksbgcoscks y+k hGdgcpeks cgdkrhr ehs ihphio#h bhbgs pgrskjhegs bg ehs pgrskjhsehhuj gj husgjioh prk`egchs* 4 hyubhr ujh pgrskjh h rgbuior sus k`sgsokjgs% h ujh ahcoeoh ikjaeoitovh h ikcujoihrsg cgdkr% h ujks joøks bg uj cgbok bgsahvkrgiobk phrh prgvgjor ge hucgjtk bg ikjbuiths hfrgsovhs ojiopogjtgs% h hbkegs# igjtgs jkrchegs h cgdkrhr sus mh`oeobhbgs bg rgehioùj mgtgrksgxuhe* Gj fgjgrhe% eks ihcpks bg hpeoihioùj bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih skj cuy vhrohbks4 ieãjoih y sheub% gbuihioùj% èrgh eh`k# rhe% prkfrhchs ikcujothroks% bgpkrtg* Eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub mh sobk bgaojobh ikck hqugeeh gspgioheozhioùj bg eh psoik# ekfãh qug hpeoih eks projiopoks% tïijoihs y ikjkiocogjtks iogjtãaoiks bgshrrkeehbks pkr gsth phrh gvheuhr% bohfjkstoihr% gxpeoihr% trhthr% ckboaoihr y+k prgvgjor ehs hjkcheãhs k eks trhstkrjks cgjth# egs k iuhequogr ktrk ikcpkrthcogjtk rgegvhjtg phrh eks prkigsks bg sheub y gjagrcgbhb% gj eks bostojtks y vhrohbks ikjtgxtks gj qug gstks pugbhj tgjgr eufhr -Ikegfok Kaoiohe bg \soiùekfks% 8??=/* Eks agjùcgjks qug ikjstotuygj ge igjtrk bg htgjioùj bg eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub skj eks trhstkrjks cgjthegs k bge ikcpkrthcogjtk -ikrrgspkjbhj k jk h irotgroks bohfjùstoiks prg# gsth`egiobks/% iuhequogr ktrk topk bg ikcpkrthcogjtk -jkrche k phtkeùfoik/ qug hagitg h eh sheub y eks prkigsks y gsthbks bg sheub y `ogjgsthr* Eh tgrhpoh psoikeùfoih -psoiktgrhpoh/ gs ujh phrtg bg eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih y bg eh sheub* @grjs# tgoj y Jogtzge -8?=<+8?==% pèf* 90
O\IY # 9

`hshbh gj ujh tgkrãh iogjtãaoih bg eh pgrskjheobhb% bg sus trhstkrjks y bg eh ckboaoihioùj bg gstks% y bg`g prgsgjthr gvheuhiokjgs gcpãroihs bg sus gagitks% pksotovks y jgfhtovks -Mu`gr% iothbk gj Èvoeh% 8??2% pèf* 81/* Gstk gs gspgiohecgjtg ocpkrthjtg pkrqug yh \hrekaa -iothbk gj Èvoeh% 8??2% pèf* 8=/ bodk4 "Jk mhy akrch bg psoiktgrhpoh qug mhyh sobk ojoiohbh soj prgfkjhr qug togjg vgjthdhs tgrhpïutoihs ôjoihs* \grk jojfujh akrch bg psoiktgrhpoh mh sobk h`hjbkjhbh h ihush bg su arhihsk gj iucpeor ek qug prgfkjh"* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih akrche jk gs sùek eegvhbh h ih`k pkr psoiùekfks ieãjoiks% sojk thc`oïj pkr psoquohtrhs y% sgfôj eks phãsgs% eks trh`hdhbkrgs skiohegs% eks ikjsgdgrks rgeofoksks% eks ikjsgdgrks chtrockjohegs y ehs gjagrcgrhs psoquoètroihs* \kr ktrh phrtg% jk skj sùek eks prkagsokjhegs eks cès qug `rojbhj psoikeùfoih% sojk gx#phiogjtgs% qug pugbg bhrsg eh phrtoiophioùj bg ph# rhprkagsokjhegs k cgjkshsostgjioh gjtrgjhbks -vkeujthroks% phbrgs% chgstrks/ `hdk eh supgrvosoùj bg uj prkagsokjhe*

HIROQOBHBGY BG EKY \YOIÙEKFKY IEÃJOIKY Wj psoiùekfk ieãjoik sg bgboih h ujh k cès bg ehs sofuogjtgs hitovobhbgs4 gvheuhioùj% trhth# cogjtk+prgvgjioùj+ojtgrvgjioùj% ojvgstofhioùj% gjsgøhjzh% hsgskrhcogjtk y borgiioùj+fgstoùj -@grjstgoj y Jogtzge% 8?=<+8?==> Ikegfok Kaoiohe bg \soiùekfks% 8??=> Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb% 8?=0+8?==/*

GQHEWHIOÙJ Gj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj% ge psoiùekfk ieãjoik trhth bg obgjtoaoihr% gspgioaoihr y iuhjtoao# ihr ehs ikjbuiths% ihphiobhbgs% prk`egchs% rgiursks y eocothiokjgs bg ujh k cès pgrskjhs hsã ikck ehs vhroh`egs pgrskjhegs y hc`ogjthegs qug eks chjtogjgj % ikj eh aojheobhb bg gxpeo# ihr y ckboaoihr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk k eegvhr h ih`k iuhequogr topk bg hjèeosos k ojtgrvgjioùj pso# ikeùfoih4 bohfjùstoik -p*gd*% h jovge ieãjoik% pgroiohe k ojstotuiokjhe/% prkjùstoik -prgbgior eh gvk# euioùj bg uj prk`egch k eh rgspugsth h iogrth ojtgrvgjioùj/% krogjthioùj -hikjsgdhr iogrtk topk bg tgrhpoh k bg ihrrgrh% hyubhr h ujh phrgdh h bgiobor so sg sgphrh k jk/% sgegiioùj -gegfor k jk h ujh pgrskjh phrh uj bgtgrcojhbk trhthcogjtk h ojvgstofhr% phrh iogrtk trh`hdk k phrh ktkrfhreg iogrtks pgrcosks ikck ge bg hrchs k ikjbuiioùj bg hutkcùvoegs/% vhekrhioùj bg eks rgsuethbks ikjsg# fuobks ikj eh ojtgrvgjioùj* Bg ihrh h ikjsgfuor eks k`dgtovks bg eh gvheuhioùj% sg bospkjg bg ujh sgrog bg cïtkbks `èso# iks4 gjtrgvosth -he ieogjtg y h ktrhs pgrskjhs/% iugstokjhroks y gsihehs -he ieogjtg y h ktrhs pgrsk# jhs/% hutkk`sgrvhioùj% k`sgrvhioùj% prug`hs ikfjotovhs k`dgtovhs% rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks% prug`hs cïboihs% bhtks bg hrimovk+bkiucgjtks mostùroiks*

RPHRHCOGJRK% \PGQGJIOÙJ G OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Gj gsth hitovobhb% ge psoiùekfk hyubh h ktrhs pgrskjhs h ikcprgjbgr sus prk`egchs% h rgbuior k supgrhr gstks% h prgvgjor eh kiurrgjioh bg eks coscks k h cgdkrhr ehs ihphiobhbgs pgrskjhegs* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% sg gcpegh ge jkc`rg fgjgrhe bg ojtgrvgjioùj cès qug ge bg trh# thcogjtk% ge iuhe sg rgsgrvh phrh hqugeeks ihsks gj qug ge k`dgtovk gs rgskevgr prk`egchs prgsgjtgs* \kso`egs gdgcpeks bg gstg topk bg hitovobhb skj4 hyubhr h ujh pgrskjh h rgbuior su gsthbk bg èjock bgprocobk% h ujh phrgdh ikjaeoitovh h ikcujoihrsg cgdkr y sh`gr jgfkiohr gjtrg geeks% h ujh pgrskjh h chjgdhr su bkekr irùjoik% h ujks joøks bg uj cgbok bgsahvkrgiobk phrh prgvgjor ge hu#

O\IY # 2

cgjtk bg ikjbuiths hfrgsovhs ojiopogjtgs% h ujh ojstotuioùj bg hjiohjks h ihc`ohr su aujiokjh# cogjtk% h ujks hbkegsigjtgs h cgdkrhr sus mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs% he pô`eoik gj fgjgrhe phrh qug hbquogrh k akcgjtg iogrtks mè`otks bg sheub% gti* Yg sugeg bostojfuor gjtrg4 h/ \rgvgjioùj prochroh4 ojtgrvgjioùj borofobh h gvothr eh hphroioùj bg prk`egchs -trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb% brkfhboiioùj% YOBH% gc`hrhzks jk bgsghbks% trhstkrjks ihrbokvhsiuehrgs% gti*/* Eh prgvgjioùj prochroh bg`g bostojfuorsg bg eh prkckioùj bg eh sheub% gj eh iuhe eh ojtgrvgjioùj sg borofg h gjsgøhr k pktgjiohr rgpgrtkroks sheubh`egs ikj ge k`dgtovk bg chjtgjgr eh sheub y cgdkrhr eh iheobhb bg vobh* `/ \rgvgjioùj sgiujbhroh4 ojtgrvgjioùj borofobh h obgjtoaoihr eks prk`egchs gj eh ahsg cès tgcprhjh pkso`eg y h hituhr ek cès prkjtk qug sg pugbh sk`rg eks coscks phrh qugtgriohroh jk sg hfrhvgj* i/ Rrhthcogjtk sk`rg gj prk`egchs yh ikj# skeobhbks* b/ \rgvgjioùj 4 ojtgrvgjioùj borofobh 4h ojtgrvgjioùj prgvgjor rgihãbhs uj prk`egch yh trhthbk k h gvothr ikcpeoihiokjgs pkstgrokrgs bg prk`egchs irùjoiks k cgdkrhr eh iheobhb bg vobh bg ehs pgrskjhs qug eks phbgigj* Eh prgvgjioùj tgriohroh ojieuyg ge ikjigptk ieèsoik bg rgmh`oeoth# ioùj* Yg mh irotoihbk eh hjtgrokr iehsoaoihioùj bg topks bg prgvgjioùj y sg mh boimk qug sùek bg`grãh mh`ehrsg bg prgvgjioùj gj ge ihsk bg eh prgvgjioùj prochroh* Ge trhthcogjtk mhrãh rgagrgjioh h eh ojtgrvgjioùj sk`rg prk`egchs ojiopogjtgs k gsth`egiobks y ge tïrcojk bg prgvgjioùj tgriohroh qug# bhrãh sustotuobk pkr ge bg chjtgjocogjtk* Bgjtrk bg gsth jugvh ùptoih sg mhj bostojfuobk trgs topks bg prgvgjioùj4 h/ Wjovgrshe4 borofobh h eh pk`ehioùj gj fgjgrhe soj qug ehs pgrskjhs mhyhj sobk sgegiiokjhbhs pkr tgjgr hefôj ahitkr bg rogsfk phrh ge trhstkrjk qug sg quogrg prgvgjor* `/ Ygegitovh4 borofobh h pgrskjhs qug togjgj uj rogsfk chykr qug ktrhs pgrskjhs bg bgshrrkeehr ge trhstkrjk* i/ Ojboihbh4 borofobh h pgrskjhs bg hetk rogsfk qug yh prgsgjthj chjoagsthiokjgs su`ieã# joihs prgiurskrhs bge trhstkrjk k gj ehs qug sg mh bgtgithbk hefôj chrihbkr `okeùfoik qug prgbos# pkjfh he cosck* Eh prgvgjioùj ojboihbh sg ikjkig thc`oïj ikj ge jkc`rg bg htgjioùj tgcprhjh -Rkrtoeeh#Ageou% 0<<0/* Gxostgj bovgrsks topks bg ojtgrvgjioùj4 psoikhjèeosos% tgrhpoh psoikbojècoih% tgrhpoh bg ikj# buith% tgrhpoh ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe% hjèeosos trhjshiiokjhe% tgrhpoh sostïcoih% gti* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih pugbg rgheozhrsg ikj ojbovobuks% phrgdhs% ahcoeohs% frupks y ikcujobhbgs*

Eufhrgs bg ojtgrvgjioùj* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg eegvhrsg h ih`k gj igjtrks bg sheub cgjthe% sgrvoioks mkspothehroks bg psoquohtrãh% sgrvoioks psoquoètroiks bg gspgioheobhbgs cïboihs -Cgboiojh Ojtgrjh% Pguchtkekfãh% Pgmh`oeothioùj% Mgchtkekfãh% Wjobhbgs bg Bkekr y bg Iuobhbks \heohtovks% gti*/% igjtrks cujoiophegs bg prkckioùj bg eh sheub% igjtrks bg trhthcogjtk bg brkfkbgpgjbgjiohs% igjtrks gbuihtovks% igjtrks bg htgjioùj psoikpgbhfùfoih% ojstotuiokjgs phrh rgtrhshbks cgjthegs% igjtrks bg hsostgjioh he cgjkr% ojstotuiokjgs pgjotgjiohrohs% rgsobgjiohs bg hjiohjks% igjtrks bg hiioùj skiohe% igjtrks bg rgmh`oeothioùj bg ojvèeobks% gquopks bgpkrtovks% igjtrks coeothrgs% gcprg# shs% hskiohiokjgs bg hagithbks -p*gd*% eubkphtãh% hjkrgxoh+`ueocoh% hfkrhak`oh% ièjigr/ y prèitoih provhbh* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj hpeoihrsg-gjakqug phrh heihjzhr cgths cès k cgjks eocothbhs hc`oiokshs 4 rgskevgrpsoikeùfoih ikjaeoitks pugbg ojikjsiogjtgs psoikhjheãtoik/% hyubhr h higpthrsg h sãk cosck -tgrhpoh jk borgitovh/% ojtgfrhr sgjtocogjtks ikjaeoitovks -tgrhpoh fgsthet/% gjikjtrhr uj sof# joaoihbk h eh vobh -psoiktgrhpoh gxostgjiohe/% ckboaoihr irggjiohs jgfhtovhs -tgrhpohs ikfjotovhs/% ekfrhr ikcpkrthcogjtks hbhpthtovks -tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith/ k ikjsgfuor ikc`ojhiokjgs bg gstks k`dgtovks -gjakqugs gieïitoiks/* Hujqug gstks skj k`dgtovks ihrhitgrãstoiks bg ihbh ujh bg ehs krogjthiokjgs tgrhpïutoihs iothbhs% jk sg ojaogrg bg hquã qug jk pugbhj sgr ikjsgfuobks pkr ktrhs krogjthiokjgs* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg hpeoihrsg gj rïfocgj hc`uehtkrok k bg ojtgrjhbk y sgr ikjbuiobh pkr ujk k cès psoiùekfks ikjstotuobks gj gquopk* \ugbg burhr bgsbg ujh k ujhs pkihs sgsokjgs

O\IY # 7

-p*gd*% gj sotuhiokjgs bg irosos k hsgskrhcogjtk/ mhsth vhroks høks% hujqug ek cès argiugjtg gs qug sg gxtogjbh bg 7 h 7< sgsokjgs bg hergbgbkr bg 8 mkrh -0#0%7 mkrhs% so ge trhthcogjtk gs gj frupk/ y bg argiugjioh sgchjhe* Ge jôcgrk bg sgsokjgs bgpgjbg bge topk y jôcgrk bg prk`egchs y bg eh frhvgbhb bg eks coscks* Ehs sgsokjgs pugbgj sgr bgsbg pkik k jhbh mhsth cuy gstruiturhbhs y gj geehs prgbkcojhr eh phrtoiophioùj bge phiogjtg k bge tgrhpguth* Eh tgrhpoh pugbg `hshrsg projio# phecgjtg gj eh rgehioùj k hpkyhrsg thc`oïj gj iogrths tïijoihs* \ugbg sgr frhtuoth k cès k cgjks kjgrksh y sus rgsuethbks sugegj sgr pksotovks* Bg tkbks ckbks% he cgjks uj tgriok bg eks phiogjtgs jk higpth k h`hjbkjh ge trhthcogjtk% uj pkrigjthdg sofjoaoihtovk -vhroh`eg sgfôj eks trhstkrjks/ bg eks qug ek sofugj jk ihc`ohj% hefujks gcpgkrhj y gjtrg eks qug cgdkrhj% ehs rgihã# bhs sg bhj ikj ujh iogrth argiugjioh% chykr k cgjkr sgfôj eks trhstkrjks* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg sgr hpeoihbh prgsgjiohecgjtg k h trhvïs bg cgboks ikck ge tgeïakjk% ikrrgk% krbgjhbkr k ojtgrjgt -g#choe% vobgkikjagrgjioh% imht/* Gsth akrch jk prgsgjiohe pugbg sgr thc`oïj ikcpegcgjthroh h eh tgrhpoh prgsgjiohe% gj iuyk ihsk phrgig gspgiohecgjtg `gjgaoiok# sh* Ge iucpeocogjtk bge trhthcogjtk cgdkrh iuhjbk sg utoeozh ojtgrjgt phrh hpkyhr eh rgheozhioùj bg ehs hitovobhbgs -gspgiohecgjtg gj trhstkrjks irùjoiks/> gstg hpkyk pugbg sgr prkpkriokjhbk pkr ge tgrhpguth% pgrk thc`oïj pkr ktrks phiogjtgs -ikcujobhb vortuhe/*

Eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk prgsgjiohe pkr sã skeh gs ôtoe iuhjbk ge ieogjtg4 h/ togjg boaoiuethbgs aãsoihs k fgkfrèaoihs phrh hiubor h eh ikjsueth bge prkagsokjhe k su prk`egch sg ek ocpobg -p*gd*% hfkrhak`oh k ak`oh skiohe frhvgs/% `/ quogrg sgfuor eh tgrhpoh ikj ge cosck tgrhpguth% pgrk bg`g husgjthrsg pkr trhsehbk u ktrhs ihushs% i/ bgsgh uj hjkjochtk chykr k tkthe% b/ gs ihphz bg ikcu# joihrsg gaoihzcgjtg h trhvïs bg eks cgboks tïijoiks iothbks% g/ pksgg eks rgiursks phrh chjgdhr sus prk`egchs ikj ge hpkyk jk prgsgjiohe% a/ prgsgjth uj trhstkrjk jk cuy frhvg% f/ bgsgh socpegcgj# tg mhigr ujh ikjsueth k skeoiothr hikjsgdhcogjtk psoikeùfoik* Hphrtg bg ehs vgjthdhs ocpeoihbhs gj ek qug sg hih`h bg bgior% eh tgrhpoh jk prgsgjiohe ahioeoth ujh ikcujoihioùj cès argiugjtg y rèpobh -ikj ehsgr gxigpioùj ikrrgk ahvkrgig eh hutkrrgvgehioùj jk gsthr prgsgjtg ge tgrhpguth y pugbg ge procgrbgephsk hjtgspksthe/% bg bgioborsg h rgheozhr ujh tgrhpoh he prgsgjiohe*

Eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk prgsgjiohe thc`oïj togjg bgsvgjthdhs 4 h/ sg pogrbg phriohe k tkthecgjtg eh ikcujoihioùj jk vgr`he% `/ boscojuyg eh gspkjthjgobhb y jhturheobhb% i/ sg rgquogrg ujh frhj mh`oeobhb gj eh ikcujoihioùj gsiroth phrh gsth`egigr ujh `ugjh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% b/ hucgjth eh boaoiuethb phrh gvheuhr ikj gxhitotub ek qug eg phsh he ieogjtg iuhjbk sg gcpeghj sùek cgboks gs# irotks y+k mhy ujh pïrbobh bg ikcujoihioùj jk vgr`he% g/ so sg gcpeghj ôjoihcgjtg cgboks gsiro# tks% sg trhjscotg cgjks ojakrchioùj y bg akrch cès egjth% a/ gs cès boaãioe gjsgøhr tïijoihs tgrh# pïutoihs y ikjtrkehr eh chrimh bge trhthcogjtk% f/ gspgiohecgjtg gj ge ihsk bg ojtgrjgt% gxostg ge prk`egch bg qug ktrhs pgrskjhs pugbhj hiigbgr h eh ojakrchioùj trhjscotobh% pkr ek qug mhy qug hbkpthr ehs bg`obhs prgihuiokjgs* Ge Ikegfok Kaoiohe bg \soiùekfks bg Ihtheuøh mh geh`krhbk ujhs rgikcgjbhiokjgs phrh eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih cgbohjtg ojtgrjgt -Ikcosoùj Bgkjtkeùfoih bge IK\I% 0<<8/* \kr ktrh phrtg% gxostgj prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh qug sg `hshj gj chjuhegs -y% h vgigs% gj ktrk chtgrohe bg hpkyk ikck iojths bg vãbgk y chfjgtkaùjoihs k prkfrhchs bg Yg krbgjhbkr/ y gj hefujks ikjthitks tgegaùjoiks k pkr ikrrgk -pksthe% gegitrùjoik/ ikj ge tgrhpguth* mhj k`tgjobk rgsuethbks rgehtovhcgjtg shtosahitkroks ikj prkfrhchs bg gstg topk borofobks h trhstkrjks aù`oiks% bg pèjoik y k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk% ojskcjok% pgshboeehs rgiurrgjtgs y bgprgsoùj -Gimg`urôh y bg Ikrrhe% 0<<8> Chrns gt he*% 0<<9/* Eks prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh ikj cãjock k juek ikjthitk borgi# tk ikj ge tgrhpguth y pkik ikjthitk jk prgsgjiohe -mhsth 9 mkrhs gj tkthe bg ikjthitk tgegaùjoik% pksthe k pkr ojtgrjgt/ gstèj gspgiohecgjtg ojboihbks iuhjbk ge trhstkrjk jk gs cuy frhvg y eks ieogjtgs jk pugbgj hiigbgr h uj trhthcogjtk akrche ikj uj tgrhpguth pkr rhzkjgs fgkfrèaoihs k gikjùcoihs* Yoj gc`hrfk% gxostgj bosirgphjiohs sk`rg so eks rgsuethbks skj socoehrgs k ojagrokrgs h iuhjbk ge tgrhpguth hyubh he ieogjtg burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk y+k supgrvosh borgithcgjtg -k% quozè% pkr tgeïakjk/ eh chrimh bge trhthcogjtk* Hbgcès% ikj eks prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh pugbg hucgjthr

O\IY # 1

ge jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug jk higpthj k h`hjbkjhj ge trhthcogjtk* Aojhecgjtg% jk phrgigj auj# iokjhr eks prkfrhchs bg hutkhyubh purks -`o`eoktgrhpoh/ soj jojfujh fuãh prgsgjiohe k jk prg# sgjiohe -tgeïakjk% ikrrgk/ pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth -Ag``rhrk gt he*% 8???> Aegtimgr gt he*% 0<<7/*

OJQGYROFHIOÙJ Hefujks psoiùekfks ieãjoiks sg bgboihj h eh ojvgstofhioùj ieãjoih* Ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùro# ihs y eks prkigbocogjtks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj skj gcpãroihcgjtg gvheuhbks% gs bgior% sg vhekrh su hbgiuhioùj k gaoihioh utoeozhjbk ujh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtãaoih -bg topk gxpgrocgjthe iuhjbk gs pkso`eg/* Yoj gc`hrfk% cuimhs ojvgstofhiokjgs sofugj prgsgjthjbk sgrohs boaoiuethbgs cgtkbkeùfoihs* Hujqug hefujks psoiùekfks sofugj `hsèjbksg ôjoihcgjtg gj gstuboks bg ihsks y gj ocprgsok# jgs su`dgtovhs% ek bgsgh`eg gs tgjgr gj iugjth eks rgsuethbks bg eh ojvgstofhioùj ieãjoih% gspg# iohecgjtg eh rgheozhbh gj ioriujsthjiohs qug rgshethj su vheobgz gxtgrjh* Gstk jk gs ù`oig phrh rgikjkigr qug eh prkpoh prèitoih ieãjoih prkpkriokjh obghs phrh rgaojhr y cgdkrhr eks prkigbo# cogjtks gxpgrocgjthecgjtg gvheuhbks y qug bg`gj tkchrsg côetopegs bgiosokjgs ikj rgehioùj h hspgitks qug jk mhj sobk ojvgstofhbks k jk ek mhj sobk suaoiogjtgcgjtg*

Gdgcpeks bg ojvgstofhiokjgs ocpkrthjtgs pugbgj sgr eh ikjstruiioùj y vheobhioùj bg prug# `hs psoikcïtroihs% ge gstubok bg ehs ihushs y ikjsgiugjiohs bg eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks% eh ikc# phrhioùj bg trhthcogjtks psoikeùfoiks y ahrchikeùfoiks bg bostojtks trhstkrjks -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj/% ge gstubok bg eh gaoihioh bg bgtgrcojhbhs gstrhtgfohs phrh chjtgjgr eks rgsuethbks bge trhthcogjtk% ge hjèeosos bg eh gaoihioh bg iogrtks trhthcogjtks ikj cgjkr phrtoiophioùj bge tgrhpguth% ge gstubok bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg iogrths ihrhitgrãstoihs y ikcpkrthcogjtks bge tgrhpguth y eks rgsuethbks bge trhthcogjtk% eh gaoihioh ikcphrhtovh bg trhthcogjtks gsthjbhrozhbks ojbovobuheozhbks% eh bgtgrco# jhioùj bge vhekr prkjùstoik bg bgtgrcojhbhs vhroh`egs% ge gstubok bggeks cgihjoscks rgspkjsh`egs bg eh gaoihioh bg uj bgtgrcojhbk trhthcogjtk% gti*

GJYGØHJTH Gsth hitovobhb gs ikcôj gj eks psoiùekfks ieãjoiks gcpeghbks gj ujovgrsobhbgs* \grk thc# `oïj gs argiugjtg qug sgh eegvhbh h ih`k pkr psoiùekfks gj ktrhs ojstotuiokjgs y igjtrks provhbks* Chtgrohs qug pugbgj ocphrtorsg skj psoikphtkekfãh% gvheuhioùj% tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith% psoiktgrhpoh bojècoih% psoikekfãh ieãjoih% psoikekfãh bg eh sheub% pgrskjheobhb% gti*

Eh gjsgøhjzh jk sg eocoth h gstubohjtgs bg psoikekfãh % sojk qug ojieuyg h psoiùekfks gj gdgrioiok% h ktrks prkagsokjhegs -ikck cïboiks% gjagrcgrhs% trh`hdhbkrgs skiohegs% chgstrks% pkeo# iãhs/ y he pô`eoik gj fgjgrhe* \ugbgj bhrsg iursks sk`rg hutkhaorchioùj% sgxuheobhb% ikcujoih# ioùj gj eh phrgdh y akrchs bg mhigr argjtg h eh tgjsoùj% gjtrg ktrks tgchs* Wj topk gspgiohe bg gjsgøhjzh gs eh akrchioùj bg auturks psoiùekfks ieãjoiks y eh supgrvo# soùj sostgcètoih% ojbovobuhe k gj frupk% bg eks ihsks qug eegvhj y bg ehs ojvgstofhiokjgs qug rgheo# zhj* Gstk rgquogrg ge gcpegk bg ojstruiiokjgs -y% so gs pkso`eg% ckbgehbk/% prèitoih% rgtrkheocgjth# ioùj -vgr`he y cgbohjtg frh`hiokjgs/ y rgakrzhcogjtk*

HYGYKPHCOGJRK Yg rgaogrg h eh hyubh y hikjsgdhcogjtk qug ge psoiùekfk pugbg kargigr h krfhjozhiokjgs bg

O\IY # 6

bostojtks topks4 Ojstotutk Jhiokjhe bg Yheub% ikcphøãhs shjothrohs provhbhs% gsiugehs% igjtrks bg hsostgjioh prochroh% mkspothegs% ièrigegs% igjtrks phrh brkfkbgpgjbogjtgs% frupks bg hutkhyubh% ujobhbgs bg fgrohtrãh% duzfhbks% gti* Ge hikjsgdhcogjtk pugbg sgr skeoiothbk thc`oïj pkr pgr# skjhs qug trh`hdhj gj gsths krfhjozhiokjgs k gj igjtrks provhbks y qug bgsghj cgdkrhr su trh`hdk k rgskevgr iogrtks prk`egchs pehjtghbks gj ge cosck* Ge hsgskrhcogjtk pugbg sgr bg bostojtks topks* Ge psoiùekfk pugbg trhthr borgithcgjtg k hikjsgdhr iùck sg pugbg chjgdhr uj ihsk prk`egcètoik sk`rg ge qug sg eg mh ikjsuethbk -trh# thcogjtk cès hikjsgdh`eg phrh uj phiogjtg% pkso`oeobhb bg eo`grthb ikjboiokjhe phrh uj prgsk% ikjigsoùj bg eh tutgeh bg uj cgjkr h ujk u ktrk phbrg/* \ugbg rgujorsg pgroùboihcgjtg ikj eks

cogc`rks ojstotuioùj phrh kbosiutor cïtkbks bgbg chjgdk bg eks qug sgpugbg prg# sgjthj ikjbgeksujh phiogjtgs% ieogjtgs pgrskjhe* Gj vgz igjtrhrsg gj prk`egchs ihsks ikjirgtks% boroforsg h eks hspgitks bg eh krfhjozhioùj qug gstèj prkvkihjbk eks prk`egchs > hsã% pugbg geh`krhr uj pehj bg gvheuhioùj phrh vhekrhr eks sgrvoioks bg uj igjtrk bg hikfobh bg cgjkrgs k pugbg bosgøhr uj pehj phrh ahvkrgigr eh ikjfrugjioh gj eh hpeoihioùj bge trhthcogjtk gjtrg boagrgj# tgs turjks bg pgrskjhe bg uj mkspothe* Ge trh`hdk bg hsgskrhcogjtk k ikjsuetkrãh jk gs aèioe pkrqug ge psoiùekfk gs vostk pkr ge rgstk bge pgrskjhe ikck uj gxtrhøk y% h vgigs% ikck uj ojtrusk* Gstk pugbg ikjbuior h ujh aheth bg ikeh`krhioùj k h ujh chjopuehioùj bg eh ojakrchioùj pkr phrtg bg ehs pgrskjhs qug vgj hcgjhzh# bks sus gcpegks k ikjsobgrhj qug sg pkjg gj bubh su gaoihioh* Ge psoiùekfk pugbg ikjvgrtorsg gj uj imovk gxpohtkrok he qug sg gimhrèj tkbhs ehs iuephs ihsk bg qug ek qug prkpkjg jk aujiokjg% hujqug gstk sgh bg`obk h eh ojtgragrgjioh k sh`kthdg bg phrtg bge pgrskjhe*

BOPGIIOÙJ _ FGYROÙJ Yg rgaogrg h eh borgiioùj y fgstoùj bg uj krfhjosck k ojstotuioùj g ojieuyg aujiokjgs ikck krfhjozhioùj bg rgiursks% ikkrbojhioùj bg hitovobhbgs bge pgrskjhe% bostro`uioùj bge prgsupugstk% tkch bg bgiosokjgs sk`rg eh chrimh bg eh ojstotuioùj% rgbhithr ojakrcgs phrh ehs hutkrobhbgs% prg# sobor rgujokjgs% chjgdk bg ikjaeoitks gjtrg ge pgrskjhe% ikjtrhthioùj y bgspobk bg pgrskjhe% trhtk ikj ktrks borgitovks% rgio`or h vosothjtgs ocpkrthjtgs% rgprgsgjthr h eh ojstotuioùj gj rgujokjgs y hjtg ge frhj pô`eoik% bgegfhr rgspkjsh`oeobhbgs gj pgrskjhs k ikcotïs% gti* Wj psoiùekfk pugbg akrchr phrtg bg ujk bg gstks ikcotïs y gdgrigr thc`oïj hsã aujiokjgs fgstkrhs* Ikck gdgcpeks bg pugstks borgitovks% uj psoiùekfk pugbg sgr borgitkr bg uj bgphrthcgjtk ujovgrsothrok bg psoikekfãh% bg uj prkfrhch bg pkstfrhbk gj psoikekfãh ieãjoih% bg uj igjtrk bg hsgskrhcogjtk phrh gstubohjtgs% bg uj sgrvoiok bg ikjsueth gxtgrjh gj uj mkspothe% bg uj igjtrk bg sheub cgjthe% gti*

JOQGEGY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih pugbg eegvhrsg h ih`k h bostojtks jovgegs4 ojbovobuhe% phrgdhs% ah# coeohs% frupks y ikcujobhbgs* Eks bostojtks jovgegs jk skj gxieuygjtgs> hsã% pugbg ikc`ojhrsg ge trhthcogjtk gj frupk ikj sgsokjgs bg hsostgjioh ojbovobuhe* Ge jovge ojbovobuhe gs ujk bg eks cès argiugjtgs% so jk ge qug cès* Ge psoiùekfk trh`hdh ikj ujh pgrskjh bg ckbk gxieusovk k ihso gx# ieusovk phrh hyubhreg h rgbuior k supgrhr uj trhstkrjk% geocojhr k rgbuior ikcpkrthcogjtks bg rogsfk% hbquoror k pktgjiohr mè`otks sheubh`egs% harkjthr ujh gjagrcgbhb irùjoih% gti* Ge rgstk bg jovgegs sg gxpeoihj h ikjtojuhioùj*

O\IY # =

OJRGPQGJIOÙJ GJ \HPGDH K AHCOEOH Gstè rgikcgjbhbk iuhjbk ge prk`egch gs bg bks k cès cogc`rks % y jk sùek bge supugstk phiogjtg% y eks cgjiokjhbks cogc`rks gstèj bospugstks h phrtoiophr gj eh tgrhpoh* Gstk ôetock gs sogcprg ek cès rgikcgjbh`eg* Gj eh tgrhpoh bg phrgdh y ahcoeohr sg `usih qug eks cogc`rks ocpeoihbks4 h/ sg bgj iugjth bg su prkpoh ikjtro`uioùj he prk`egch y bg eks ihc`oks pksotovks qug pugbgj rgheozhr% y `/ cgdkrgj sus phuths bg ikcujoihioùj g ojtgrhiioùj bg ihrh h eh rgskeuioùj bge prk`egch* Eh tgrhpoh gj phrg# dh k ahcoeoh pugbg sgr prgigbobh% sgfuobh k hikcphøhbh bg tgrhpoh ojbovobuhe phrh hefujk bg eks cogc`rks% iuhjbk gstks prgsgjthj hefôj prk`egch qug jk gstè rgehiokjhbk ikj ge sostgch* Eh tgrhpoh bg phrgdh pugbg gsthr ojboihbh iuhjbk mhy ikjaeoitks bg vhekrgs% irggjiohs% gstoeks bg vobh k cgths% k iuhjbk mhy prk`egchs gj ehs èrghs bg ikcujoihioùj% hagitk% aobgeobhb% gbuihioùj bg eks modks% chjgdk bge bojgrk% sgxk% hutkjkcãh pgrskjhe k bkcojok#sucosoùj* Eh tgrhpoh bg ahcoeoh pugbg gsthr ojboihbh iuhjbk mhy prk`egchs bg ikcujoihioùj% irosos ahcoeohrgs k prk`egchs bg hefôj cogc`rk bg eh ahcoeoh chjtgjobks pkr eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj gj gsth*

OJRGPQGJIOÙJ GJ FPW\K Gsth ckbheobhb bg trhthcogjtk bgpgjbg bg qug sg pugbh ikjthr ikj vhrohs pgrskjhs qug prg# sgjtgj prk`egchs socoehrgs -p*gd*% trhstkrjk bg pèjoik/ k tgjfhj uj k`dgtovk ikcôj -p*gd*% hprgjbgr mh`oeobhbgs bg iuobhbk y gbuihioùj bg eks modks/ y iuyhs ihrhitgrãstoihs jk egs ocpobhj eh phrtoiophioùj gj ge frupk k ojiobhj jgfhtovhcgjtg gj ge aujiokjhcogjtk bg gstg* Yogcprg qug sgh pkso`eg% phrgig rgikcgjbh`eg ikjbuior uj trhthcogjtk gj frupk % yh qug% gj fgjgrhe% gs he cg# jks ofuhe bg gaoihz qug ge ojbovobuhe y prgsgjth hbgcès ujh sgrog bg vgjthdhs hboiokjhegs* Rhc`oïj mhy pkso`egs ojikjvgjogjtgs qug gs jgigshrok ikjkigr phrh pkbgr chjgdhreks ihsk bg qug surdhj* \kso`egs vgjthdhs bg eks frupks4 h/ Bgsiu`ror qug eks prkpoks prk`egchs jk skj ôjoiks% `/ chykrgs gxpgithtovhs bg cgdk# rh% i/ bospkjgr bg vhroks ckbgeks% pujtks bg vosth y augjtgs bg ojakrchioùj y rgtrkheocgj# thioùj% b/ chykr irgbo`oeobhb bg eks pujtks bg vosth hikrbhbks gjtrg tkbks k susirotks pkr ujh chykrãh% g/ hucgjtk bg eh cktovhioùj bg`obk he hpkyk y prgsoùj bge frupk% he ikc# prkcosk pô`eoik bgehjtg bg gstg y h eh k`sgrvhioùj bg eks prkfrgsks bg eks ktrks* a/ \kso`oeobhb bg hyubh cutuh bgjtrk y augrh bg ehs sgsokjgs% f/ ahioeothioùj bg eh ojbg# pgjbgjioh rgspgitk he tgrhpguth y bg eh ikjaohjzh gj eks prkpoks rgiursks% m/ bgshrrkeek bg mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs% o/ sgjtorsg phrtg bg hefk qug sg vhekrh -ikmgsoùj> eks cogc`rks bg eks ikmgsovks sg higpthj `ogj sã%d/sgpktgjiohioùj hpkyhj y gstèj bospugstks h gsiu# imhr%frupks phrtoiophr y bgdhrsg ojaeuor pkr eksgjtrg ktrks/% bg ehcès eo`grhioùj gckiokjhe* n/ Hprgjbozhdg bg jugvhs rgfehs `èsoihs bg eh vobh -gsth gs h vgigs ojdusth% jk gs pkso`eg gsihphr bg ehs pgjhs y bg eh cugrtg% mhy qug harkjthr eks prk`egchs/% e/ hprgjbozhdg bg jugvks ikcpkrthcogjtks% irggjiohs y sgjtocogjtks gj èrghs qug augrkj prk`egcètoihs bgsbg eh joøgz k hbkegsigjioh -bgpgjbgjioh% rg`geoùj sostgcètoih hjtg eh hutkrobhb% rovheo# bhb/% c/ hmkrrk bg togcpk y gsaugrzk pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth% y j/ sg trhth h cès pgrskjhs y h uj cgjkr ikstk*

O\IY # ?

\kso`egs ojikjvgjogjtgs bg eks frupks4 h/ Eh bojècoih bge frupk pugbg gsihphr he ikjtrke bge tgrhpguth% `/ ckbgeks bg ikcpkr# thcogjtks jgfhtovks qug pugbgj ikjthfohrsg% i/ ikjsgdks g ojakrchioùj ojhbgiuhbks pkr phrtg bg cogc`rks bge frupk% b/ igeks bge prkfrgsk bg ktrks k bgscktovhioùj he ikcphrhr eks prkpoks hvhjigs ikj eks bg eks bgcès% g/ hjsogbhb irghbh pkr eh sotuhioùj bg frupk -gspgiohecgjtg gj aù`oiks skiohegs frhvgs/* a/ \ïrbobh bg eh aegxo`oeobhb jgigshroh phrh skeuiokjhr prk`egchs ojbovobuhegs -gj gstks ihsks mh`rè ikc`ojhr trhthcogjtk fruphe ikj ge ojbovobuhe k eegvhr h ih`k gstg ôetock/% y f/qug pugbg eegfhr hgeirghrsg uj frhbk bg ikmgsoùj the bgjtrk bge frupk qugsùek hefujhs pgrskjhs pugbgj skeuiokjhr sus jgigsobhbgs haoeohtovhs `èsoihs ikj uj cãjock bg gsaugr# zk y bgjtrk bge cosck frupk soj jgigsobhb bg gsth`egigr ktrhs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* Ge trhthcogjtk fruphe jk gs hbgiuhbk phrh phiogjtgs prkeodks% hfrgsovks% phrhjkobgs% jhriososths% jk cktovhbks k qug rgquogrgj ujh frhj htgjioùj% yh qug jk sg vhj h `gjgaoiohr bge frupk k vhj h rgtrhshr k ocpgbor ge prkfrgsk bg gstg* Yocoehrcgjtg% ktrks phiogjtgs ojhbgiuhbks phrh ge trhthcogjtk gj frupk pugbgj sgr eks aù`oiks skiohegs frhvgs -gsthrèj thj hjsoksks qug jk iucpeorèj ge trhthcogjtk k ek h`hjbkjhrèj/% eks bgprgsovks frhvgs -jk sg vhj h ocpeoihr y pugbgj bgsckrheozhr h eks bgcès/ y eks qug sofugj h`ushjbk bg eks aèrchiks psoiktrkpks% brkfhs y+k heikmke iuhjbk bgsghj trhthr ktrks prk`egchs -ge h`usk pugbg ojtgragror ikj eh rgskeuioùj bg boimks prk`egchs/*

Ge thchøk bge frupk pugbg sgr bg 7#6 pgrskjhs% hujqug mh eegfhbk mhsth 80* Ge frupk bg`g sgr ek suaoiogjtgcgjtg hcpeok ikck phrh ahioeothr ge ikjthitk ikj vhrohs pgrskjhs% pgrk jk thjtk ikck phrh bospgrshr eh htgjioùj bge tgrhpguth% trovoheozhr bge% frupk k ahvkrgigr eh hphroioùj bg cogc`rks Gs `ugjhkobgh ikjthr ehs ikjojtgrhiiokjgs uj iktgrhpguth hosehbks*boaoiuethr qug pugbg sgr uj phrhprkagsokjhe% yh qug ge trh`hdk phrh uj skek tgrhpguth gs boaãioe y ihjshbk* \hrh frupks cès frhjbgs bg 1 pgrskjhs gs `ugjh obgh ikjthr ikj uj iktgrhpguth* Ehs sgsokjgs bg frupk sugegj burhr hergbgbkr bg 0#0%7 mkrhs% gj vgz bg eks 7<#1< cojutks bg ehs ojbovobuhegs% pgrk pugbgj rgbuiorsg h 9<#27 cojutks ikj hqugeehs pgrskjhs qug prgsgjthj boao# iuethbgs bg ikjigjtrhioùj -p*gd*% phiogjtgs ikj gsquozkargjoh k bgaoiogjioh cgjthe/* Yg rgikcogjbh qug eks ieogjtgs sghj socoehrgs gj iogrths ihrhitgrãstoihs ocpkrthjtgs -jovge skiokiueturhe% oj# tgrvhek hcpeok bg gbhb/ y qug ge frupk gstï rgehtovhcgjtg gquoeo`rhbk gj iuhjtk h vhroh`egs ikck sgxk y frhvgbhb bge prk`egch h`krbhbk* Yo ujh pgrskjh boaorogrh chrihbhcgjtg bge rgstk% pkbrãh h`hjbkjhr ge trhthcogjtk* Bg tkbks ckbks% jk mhy bhtks iehrks he rgspgitk* \hrh qug uj frupk aujiokjg% togjg qug ikjkigr y iucpeor iogrths jkrchs 4 ikjsgjtocogjtk vkeujthrok% hsostgjioh h ehs sgsokjgs% pujtuheobhb% phrtoiophioùj gj ge frupk% rgspgtk h ehs ojtgrvgj# iokjgs y kpojokjgs bg eks ktrks% ikjaobgjioheobhb bg ek trhthbk gj ge frupk y rgheozhioùj bg ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs* Ge tgrhpguth jk bg`g gdgrigr ge phpge bg uj eãbgr hutkrothrok% pgrk thcpkik pgrcotor qug ge frupk vhyh h su eo`rg he`gbrãk pgrbogjbk bg vosth eks k`dgtovks bg eh tgrhpoh y eh akrch cès gao# ihz bg ikjsgfuoreks* Eh`krgs bge tgrhpguth skj gsth`egigr ehs jkrchs bg aujiokjhcogjtk bge frupk% vgehr pkr su iucpeocogjtk% ckbgrhr ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs y ikjtrkehr eks ahitkrgs qug pugbgj pgrtur`hr ge aujiokjhcogjtk bge frupk y eh ikjsgiuioùj bg ehs cgths prkpugsths -ieogjtgs prkeodks% rgtrkheocgjthiokjgs ojhbgiuhbhs% akrchioùj bg su`frupks% imovks gxpohtkroks% gti*/* Hefk qug ikjvogjg ikjkigr he rgspgitk skj eks rkegs qug surfgj bgjtrk bg eks frupks% the ikck pugbg vgrsg gj Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb -8?=0+8?==% pèfs* 191#19=/*

O\IY # 8<

OJRGPQGJIOÙJ GJ EH IKCWJOBHB Cogjtrhs qug gj ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ojbovobuhegs k gj frupk sg hyubh h ujh k ujhs pkihs pgr# skjhs% gj ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs gj eh ikcujobhb sg trhth bg ckboaoihr ge cgbok gj ge qug vovgj ehs pgrskjhs ikj eh aojheobhb bg hyubhr h cuimhs pgrskjhs h prgvgjor k rgskevgr prk`egchs k hbquoror jugvhs ihphiobhbgs* Mhy bks akrchs `èsoihs bg ckboaoihr ge cgbok aãsoik y skiohe4 ojtrkbuior ihc`oks gj ojstotuiokjgs y prkfrhchs gxostgjtgs -mkspothegs% gsiugehs% igjtrks bg sheub cgjthe% prosokjgs/ k irghr jugvks sgrvoioks y prkfrhchs -posks prktgfobks% frupks bg hu# tkhyubh phrh phbrgs qug chetrhthj h sus modks% prkfrhchs bg prgvgjioùj bge ojahrtk% rgbgs bg hpk# yk skiohe phrh pgrskjhs chykrgs k skehs/* Hujqug ehs mh`oeobhbgs ieãjoihs -p*gd*% ehs bg ikcujoihioùj ojtgrpgrskjhe y rgskeuioùj bg prk# `egchs/ skj ofuhecgjtg ôtoegs phrh ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs% gsths rgquogrgj hbgcès ujh ikcpgtgjioh phrh gjtgjbgrsg ikj ehs krfhjozhiokjgs skiohegs*

Ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs togjgj vhroks pgeofrks bg eks qug ikjvogjg sgr ikjsiogjtg4 h/ eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg shtosahigr jk thjtk eks k`dgtovks bg eks cogc`rks bg eh ikcujobhb% sojk eks bg eh iehsg borofgjtg pkeãtoih y gikjùcoih -iehsg heth y cgboh#heth/> `/ eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg or borofobh socpegcgjtg h iu`ror uj gxpgbogjtg soj qug mhyh ujh ojtgjioùj vgrbhbgrh bg ihc`ohr ehs ikshs -p*gd*% iogrtks prkfrhchs bg rgojsgrioùj/> i/ eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg gsthr cuy igjtrhbh gj eks gagitks h ikrtk pehzk% kevobhjbk eks gagitks h ehrfk pehzk y ehs pkso`egs rgpgriusokjgs bg eh ojtgr# vgjioùj gj bostojtks sgitkrgs skiohegs* \kr ôetock% ge arhihsk bg ujh ojtgrvgjioùj ikcujothroh togjg chykrgs rgpgriusokjgs qug ehs bg ujh ojtgrvgjioùj ikj ojbovobuks% ahcoeohs k frupks* Eks pkso`egs gagitks pgrduboiohegs pugbgj hagithrojtgrvgjiokjgs h cès pgrskjhs y hbgcès ojaeuor jgfhtovhcgjtg eh pugsth gj k ikjtojuh# ioùj bg ktrhs ikcujothrohs qug vgrèj boscojuor kgjbgshphrgigr suschrimh rgiursks*

CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Gxostgj boagrgjtgs ckbgeks tgùroiks qug vhrãhj gj bovgrsks hspgitks ocpkrthjtgs thegs ikck4 akrch bg ikjig`or eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche y eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks% vhroh`egs rgegvhjtgs gj ge bgshrrkeek y chjtgjocogjtk bg boimhs ikjbuiths y trhstkrjks% rgehiokjgs gxostgjtgs gjtrg boimhs vhroh`egs% ckbks bg rgikfgr eks bhtks pgrtojgjtgs% k`dgtovks h ikjsgfuor ikj eh ojtgr# vgjioùj y ckbk bg eegvhr h ih`k gsth*

Wj ckbgek pgrcotg krfhjozhr eh ojakrchioùj hbquorobh% ahioeoth eh ikcujoihioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs qug sofugj ge cosck ckbgek y gs ujh fuãh qug krogjth eh tkch bg bgiosokjgs bge ieãjoik y eh ojvgstofhioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% uj ckbgek thc`oïj pugbg ikjstotuor ujh augjtg bg prk# `egchs* \kr gdgcpek% iuhjbk sg fgjgrheozh gj gxigsk ojtgjthjbk gxpeoihrek tkbk ikj uj ckbgek qug mh sobk vheobhbk sùek ikj iogrtks ikcpkrthcogjtks k iuhjbk ge ckbgek eegvh h `usihr sùek iogrtks hspgitks gj bgtrocgjtk bg ktrks qug pugbgj sgr thjtk k cès ocpkrthjtgs* Hbgcès% ge egj# fuhdg prkpok bg ihbh ckbgek boaoiueth eh ikcujoihioùj ikj eks sgfuobkrgs bg ktrks ckbgeks% ikj ek iuhe gs boaãioe gjtgjbgrsg> bg ckbk qug sg pugbgj gsthr boiogjbk ehs coschs ikshs ikj bostojths pheh`rhs k gxprgshjbk boagrgjtgs sofjoaoihbks ikj eks coscks tïrcojks* Gj rgsucgj% tgjgr uj ckbgek ikck rgagrgjioh pugbg sgr ôtoe% pgrk gstk bg`g ikcpegcgjthrsg ikj eh ikcprgjsoùj bg eks ktrks pujtks bg vosth y ge hprgiok bg sus hpkrthiokjgs* Gj fgjgrhe% phrg# igj pkik ôtoegs eks ckbgeks ojaegxo`egs% ojihphigs bg ojikrpkrhr jugvks gegcgjtks gj projiopok ôtoegs% y eks ckbgeks akrcuehbks bg the chjgrh qug jk pgrcotgj su ojvgstofhioùj gcpãroih

O\IY # 88

ikjtrkehbh k qug% ihsk bg pgrcotoreh% jk gs eegvhbh h ih`k k qug% so ek gs% sus rgsuethbks jk skj tgjobks gj iugjth phrh ckboaoihr ge ckbgek* Gxostgj bostojtks topks bg krogjthiokjgs tgrhpïutoihs* H ikjtojuhioùj sg prgsgjthrè ge ckbg# ek cïboik u krfèjoik y ge ikcujothrok y bgspuïs eks ckbgeks bojècoiks% agjkcgjkeùfoiks% sostï# coiks y ikjbuituhegs -ojieuygjbk eks ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs/* Eugfk% sg h`krbhrè eh iugstoùj bg eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs gjtrg eks ckbgeks y eh pkso`eg ojtgfrhioùj bg gstks ckbgeks* \kso`egs rgag# rgjiohs bg ikjsueth skj @grjstgoj y Jogtzge -8?=<+8?==/% @kjfhr y @gutegr -8??7/% Ihrrk`egs -8?=7/% Ikrgy -8??1h% 8??1`/% Agoxhs y Corù -8??9/% Fhrrobk y Fhriãh -8??2/% Furchj y Cgssgr -8??7/% Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb -8?=0+8?==/% Eojj y Fhrsng -8?=7+8?==/% Chrtkrgee -8??1/% \ïrgz -8??1/ y Pksh% Keovhrgs y Cïjbgz -0<<2/* Aojhecgjtg% sg h`krbhrè eh iugstoùj bg eks ckbgeks ojtgfrhbkrgs*

CKBGEK CÏBOIK W KPFÈJOIK Eh ikjbuith hjkrche sg ikjsobgrh ge rgsuethbk bg hetgrhiokjgs `okeùfoihs mgrgbhbhs k hbquorobhs% gstruiturhegs k aujiokjhegs% qug hagithj he sostgch jgrvoksk> sg ikjsobgrh qug eh gtokekfãh `èsoih gs bg topk krfèjoik* Ge trhthcogjtk h sgfuor sgrãh bg topk cïboik -aèrchiks% pso# ikiorufãh% tgrhpoh gegitrkikjvuesovh/* Gj cgboiojh sg bostojfugj trgs topks bg trhstkrjks k gjagrcgbhbgs4 #

Ojagiioksk* Ihushbk pkr `hitgrohs k vorus* Gdgcpeks sgrãhj eh fropg% eh mgphtotos% iogrths ôeigrhs% ge YOBH* Gj ge ihcpk psoikeùfoik% hefujhs ikjbuiths phtkeùfoihs hskiohbhs ikj eh phrèeosos fgjgrhe prkfrgsovh ihushbh pkr eh gsporkqugth soaoeãtoih*

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Rrhucètoik* Ihushbk pkr fkepgs k susthjiohs tùxoihs* Gdgcpeks sgrãhj ehs arhiturhs y eks gjvgjgjhcogjtks* Gj ge ihcpk psoikeùfoik% ehs ikjbuiths phtkeùfoihs prkbuiobhs pkr eg# sokjgs burhjtg ge phrtk% trhuchs irhjghegs k ojfgstoùj bg prkbuitks tùxoiks -ojieuobks ge heikmke y ehs brkfhs/* \kbrãhj ikjsobgrhrsg hquã iogrtks rgtrhsks cgjthegs% ehs psoiksos tùxoihs y eks trhstkrjks bg hjsogbhb y bgprgsoùj ojbuiobks pkr ge ikjsuck bg iogrths brk# fhs*

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Yostïcoik* Ihushbk pkr eh hetgrhioùj bg uj ùrfhjk k sostgch bg ùrfhjks* Gdgcpeks sgrãhj eh hpgjboiotos% ge ièjigr% ehs fhstrotos% eh boh`gtgs* Gj ge ihcpk psoikeùfoik% eh gsquozkarg# joh y eh bgprgsoùj% gjtrg ktrks trhstkrjks% sg mhj gxpeoihbk pkr eh bosaujioùj bg prkigsks jgurkquãcoiks igrg`rhegs thegs ikck eh ihrgjioh bg iogrtks jgurktrhjscoskrgs* -Ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug eh hetgrhioùj bg uj sostgch aosokeùfoik pugbg sgr bg`obh h ihushs fg# jïtoihs% `okeùfoihs y+k hc`ogjthegs*/

Ge vhekr bge ckbgek cïboik bgpgjbg bge trhstkrjk qug sg ikjsobgrg* Wjh gxpeoihioùj purh# ahitkrgseks psoikeùfoiks cgjtg cïboih gs ojsuaoiogjtg gj eh ojcgjsh chykrãhbgbgeksekstrhstkrjks% ihsks* Eks hc`ogjthegs dugfhj uj phpge ocpkrthjtg gj eh chykrãh ojieuobks aosokeùfoiks*y Hbgcès% ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ujh iksh gs uj cgihjosck aosokeùfoik hetgrhbk% ge iuhe pugbg bg`grsg thc`oïj h ihushs psoikeùfoihs k hc`ogjthegs% y ktrh% ujh ihush krfèjoih*

CKBGEK IKCWJORHPOK Yus projiopoks `èsoiks skj4

O\IY # 80

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Eh ikjbuith muchjh bgpgjbg bg eh ojtgrhiioùj bg eh pgrskjh ikj su cgbok% ojieu# ygjbk gj gstg ôetock ahitkrgs hc`ogjthegs% ojtgrpgrskjhegs y skiohegs* Hsã% eh brkfk# bgpgjbgjioh jk bgpgjbg sùek bg ahitkrgs `okeùfoiks k psoikeùfoiks% sojk thc`oïj bg vh# roh`egs skiohegs*

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\hrh ahioeothr ge hdustg gjtrg eh pgrskjh y su cgbok sg rgquogrg irghr jugvks rgiursks k hetgrjhtovhs skiohegs -gj eh ahcoeoh% gsiugeh% ktrhs ojstotuiokjgs% gjtkrjk ur`hjk/ hsã ik# ck bgshrrkeehr ehs prkpohs ikcpgtgjiohs pgrskjhegs* Hsã pugs% sg gjahtozh cès ge bgsh# rrkeek bg jugvks rgiursks y ikcpgtgjiohs qug eh socpeg geocojhioùj bg prk`egchs*

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Eh prg# Yg gjahtozh eh prgvgjioùj y prochroh% ôetoch vgjioùj sgiujbhroh ikjsostgsgiujbhroh gj eh bgtgiioùj tgcprhjhgspgiohecgjtg bg prk`egchs% gsth iuhjbk hôj *gstèj gj ahsg ojiopogjtg% ikj ge aoj bg ojtgrvgjor rèpobhcgjtg phrh rgskevgreks y prgvgjor su hfrh# vhcogjtk k ge surfocogjtk bg ikjsgiugjiohs ojbgsgh`egs* Eh prgvgjioùj prochroh vh boro# fobh h gvothr ge surfocogjtk bg auturks prk`egchs> sg `hsh phrh geek gj ihc`oks bge cgbok skiohe -krfhjozhioùj gsikehr% gjtkrjk ur`hjk% gti*/ y gj eh irghioùj bg rgiursks ojtgrpgr# skjhegs -akrchioùj bg phbrgs% phrgdhs% gbuihbkrgs% pkeoiãhs% pgrskjhe shjothrok/> gj gstg ôetock ihsk sg `usih hituhr sk`rg pgrskjhs qug ojaeuygj sk`rg ktrhs pgrskjhs y pgrcotgj qug eks ihc`oks sg gxtogjbhj* Gdgcpeks bg prgvgjioùj prochroh4 trh`hdhr ikj modks bg gsquozkarïjoiks y sus ahcoeohs phrh rgbuior ge pkrigjthdg bg trhstkrjks psoiùtoiks auturks> prkfrhchs bg gbuihioùj sgxuhe phrh prgvgjor gc`hrhzks gj hbkegsigjtgs> prkckioùj bge prgsgrvhtovk phrh gvothr ge YOBH* Gdgcpeks bg prgvgjioùj sgiujbhroh4 prkfrhchs ikj hbkegsigjtgs qug mhj ikcgto# bk uj mgimk bgeoitovk phrh qug jk sg ikjvogrthj gj bgeojiugjtgs> prkfrhchs phrh rgbuior ge ikjsuck bg brkfhs iuhjbk gstg gstè gj sus procgrhs ahsgs*

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Ge psoiùekfk togjg ujh aujioùj psoikgbuihtovh gj eh qug akrch h ktrhs pgrskjhs -ph# brgs% gbuihbkrgs% gjagrcgrhs% ikjbuitkrgs bg frupks bg hutkhyubh/ phrh qug sg ikjvogr# thj gj hfgjtgs bg ihc`ok gj eh ikcujobhb -phrhprkagsokjhegs/* Yg bh hsã ujh gxtgjsoùj bg eks rkegs prkagsokjhegs y sg hcpeãh ge jôcgrk bg pgrskjhs qug pugbgj k`tgjgr hyubh*

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\ugbg mh`gr uj gcpegk bge hitovosck skiohe4 utoeozhioùj bge pkbgr gikjùcoik% pkeãtoik% iovoe -bgsk`gbogjioh iovoe% p*gd*/ y bg eks cgboks bg ikcujoihioùj phrh ekfrhr eh rgakrch skiohe* Hujqug jk tkbks eks psoiùekfks ikcujothroks prhitoihj ge hitovosck skiohe% sg su# pkjg qug uj iogrtk gcpegk bg gstg hucgjth eh gaoihioh bg eh psoikekfãh ikcujothroh*

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Mhy uj ïjahsos sk`rg eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj sotuhiokjgs bg irosos -gjagrcgbhbgs frhvgs% sgphrhiokjgs% cugrtg bg uj sgr qugrobk% bgshstrg jhturhe% ruojh gikjùcoih% ojtgjtk bg suo# iobok/* Ikj eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj irosos sg hyubh h ehs pgrskjhs h chjgdhr gstks prk`egchs h`ruchbkrgs phrh eks qug ihrgigj bg rgiursks* Ehs cgths skj4 h/ ge heovok rèpobk bg eks sãjtkchs prochroks% `/ ge rgsth`egiocogjtk rèpobk bg eh gsth`oeobhb gckiokjhe prgvoh h eh irosos i/ ehhsã ikcprgjsoùj pkr phrtg bg pgrskjh irosos bg su auturhs* pgrtur`hioùj y bg eks bgtgrcojhj# tgs bg ygsth% ikck eh prgphrhioùj phrheh chjgdhr Gstg tgrigr k`dgtovk pugbg jk ekfrhrsg bhbh eh `rgvgbhb bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj -5 1 sgchjhs/* Ge tgrhpguth gs borgitovk y hitovk% sg igjtrh gj ge prk`egch prochrok y gj ge ckcgjtk prgsgjtg y kargig ikjsgdks% krogjthioùj g ojakrchioùj phrh supgrhr eh irosos* Bks gdgcpeks pugbgj vgrsg gj Ngjbhee y Jkrtkj#Akrb -8?=0+8?==% pèfs* 796#79=/*

Gjtrg ehs irãtoihs qug sg mhj mgimk he ckbgek ikcujothrok sg gjiugjtrhj ehs sofuogjtgs4 h/ Jk mh`gr sh`obk hikcphøhr eh ikjigptuheozhioùj tgùroih ikj cïtkbks gspgiãaoiks bg ojtgrvgjioùj qug ikjsofhj ihc`oks skiohegs ikjirgtks y burhbgrks* `/ K`dgtovks pkik rgheosths he prgtgjbgr sustotuor h eh pgrskjh pkr eh ikcujobhb ikck sudgtk bg trhthcogjtk* i/ \kik ïxotk gj ehs thrghs bg

O\IY # 89

prgvgjioùj% gspgiohecgjtg eh prochroh* b/ Pogsfk bg bgsiuobhr ge kargiocogjtk bg trhthcogjtk ojtgjsovk h eks phiogjtgs ikj trhstkrjks frhvgs* g/ H jovge ïtoik sg mh pehjtghbk qug quogjgs bgiobgj ehs cgths bg ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcujothrohs pugbgj sgr eks psoiùekfks u ktrhs pgrskjhs ojaeuygjtgs% pgrk jk eks cogc`rks bg eh ikcujobhb k eks qug rgio`gj eh ojtgrvgjioùj*

CKBGEKY \YOIKBOJÈCOIKY Gstks ckbgeks ikcphrtgj vhroks supugstks `èsoiks4

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Ge ojtrhpsãquoiks ikcpkrthcogjtkthegs muchjk bgtgrcojhbk bgpgjbgy aujbhcgjthe# Bgtgrcojosck* cgjtg bg ahitkrgs ikck gstè ocpuesks% bgsgks%ycktovks ikjaeoitks oj# tgrjks* Gj ge psoikhjèeosos ieèsoik% pgrk jk gj ktrhs gsiugehs psoikhjheãtoihs% sg gjahtozhj eks bgtgrcojhjtgs `okeùfoiks -ocpuesks sgxuhegs y hfrgsovks/*

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Ïjahsos gj ge phpge bge ikjaeoitk* Yg ikjsobgrh qug gstg gs `èsoik gj ge bgshrrkeek bg eks sãjtkchs jgurùtoiks* Jkrchecgjtg sg ikjsobgrh qug eks ocpuesks ojtgrjks `usihj ch# joagsthrsg y ekfrhr frhtoaoihioùj gj ikjtrh bg ehs prkmo`oiokjgs y eãcotgs skiokiuetu# rhegs* Eks sãjtkchs jgurùtoiks skj vostks ikck ikcprkcosks phrh ojtgjthr rgskevgr gstg ikjaeoitk* Bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh psoikhjheãtoih ieèsoih sg ikjsobgrh qug ge ikjaeoitk jk rg# sugetk gjtrg ge geek -jgigsobhbgs ojstojtovhs/ y uj supgryù -vhekrgs y jkrchs skiohegs trhjscotobhs pkr eks phbrgs/ sk`rgpujotovk g ojmo`obkr gs eh ihush aujbhcgjthe bg eks trhs# tkrjks psoikeùfoiks* Gstg ikjaeoitk gs gxhigr`hbk pkr eks bgagitks bge yk ’eh tgrigrh gs# truiturh psoikeùfoih’ qug ocpobgj eh geh`krhioùj bg bgagjshs hprkpohbhs qug pgrcotorãhj ujh rgbuiioùj bg eh tgjsoùj* )

Ge tkbks psãquoih% eks ojstojtks `èsoiks -sgxuhegs geek gs ehsojgstruiturh hfrgsovks/ skioheozhr%cès gs hjtofuh% eh augjtgikjtogjg bg eh gjgrfãh gs `èsoihcgjtg ojikjs#y iogjtg y sg rofg pkr ge projiopok bge pehigr* Ge supgryù surfg h trhvïs bg eh ojtgrjheo# zhioùj bg ehs jkrchs y vhekrgs skiohegs the ikck skj prgsgjthbks pkr eks phbrgs y ktrhs aofurhs bg rgagrgjioh% gs phriohecgjtg ojikjsiogjtg y sg gjihrfh bg vofoehr y ihstofhr ehs hitovobhbgs bge geek* Ge yk gstè sotuhbk gjtrg ehs ktrhs bks gstruiturhs y sg gjihrfh bg rgfuehr eh ojtgrhiioùj gjtrg gsths% bg ckbk qug pugbhj shtosahigrsg ehs jg# igsobhbgs `èsoihs soj vuejgrhr ehs jkrchs gxostgjtgs* Ge yk gs `èsoihcgjtg ikjsiogj# tg% sg rofg pkr ge projiopok bg rgheobhb y gjtrg sus aujiokjgs sg iugjthj thc`oïj eh pgrigpioùj% ge hprgjbozhdg y eh hutkrrgfuehioùj*

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Ygfôj Argub% ge ikjaeoitk surfg bg eh bosputh gjtrg eh jgigsobhb bg shtosahigr eks ocpuesks `èsoiks -sgxuhegs% hfrgsovks/ y ehs bgagjshs geh`krhbhs phrh ojmo`or eh gx# prgsoùj ikjsiogjtg bg gstks ocpuesks* Eks sãjtkchs skj uj ojtgjtk bg skeuioùj% ujh akrch aheeobh bg rgskevgr gstks ikjaeoitks gsth`egiogjbk uj ikcprkcosk gjtrg hc# `ks topks bg augrzhs* Eks sãjtkchs ikjstotuygj ujh gxprgsoùj soc`ùeoih bge ikjaeoitk yjtrh supkjgj ujh shtosahiioùj phriohe bg eks ojstojtks>ysoj gc`hrfk% ge supgryù hitôh ik# gsth frhtoaoihioùj% ek qug hucgjth ge chegsthr ge suarocogjtk* Ikck gdgcpek% eh gvothioùj hfkrhaù`oih bg ujh cudgr pugbg ikjig`orsg ikck ge ikcprkcosk gjtrg ge bgsgk bg sgbuior h eks mkc`rgs y eh bgagjsh gj ikjtrh bg gstg bgsgk*

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Ocpkrthjioh bg eh mostkroh bg bgshrrkeek* Yg gjahtozh qug ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk gstè bgtgrcojhbk sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg pkr eh mostkroh bg bgshrrkeek bg eh pgrskjh* Cuimks ikjaeoitks `èsoiks surfgj gj eh ojahjioh y joøgz* Eh shtosahiioùj k arustrhioùj gj gstks pgrokbks bg ocpuesks y jgigsobhbgs `èsoihs bge joøk gj ehs rgehiokjgs bg gstg ikj sus ph# brgs u ktrhs aofurhs ocpkrthjtgs -p*gd*% mgrchjks% chgstrks/ y eh gaoihioh gj rgskevgr eks

O\IY # 82

ikjaeoitks surfobks bgtgrcojhj ge aujiokjhcogjtk bg eh pgrskjh gj gthphs pkstgrokrgs bg eh vobh* Bg hquã eh ocpkrthjioh ikjigbobh h ehs gxpgrogjiohs mostùroihs gj ikcphrhioùj he hquã y hmkrh* Yoj gc`hrfk% iogrths gsiugehs gjahtozhj thc`oïj ge phpge bg ehs gxpg# rogjiohs prgsgjtgs* #

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Bgtgrcojosck côetopeg* Eh kiurrgjioh bg ujh hiioùj k pgjshcogjtk bgpgjbg bg eh oj# aeugjioh bg côetopegs ahitkrgs boagrgjtgs qug kpgrhj socuetèjghcgjtg% hujqug pugbgj vh# rohr gj ge frhbk gj qug ikjtro`uygj h gxpeoihr ge agjùcgjk hjheozhbk* \kr gdgcpek% ge kr# bgj k`sgsovk y eh thihøgrãh skj ge prkbuitk bg vhroks ahitkrgs4 gjtrgjhcogjtk cuy gs# troitk gj ge ikjtrke bg gsaãjtgrgs% prgkiuphioùj phrgjthe pkr eh suiogbhb y pehigr bge joøk he rgtgjgr ehs mgigs* Ïjahsos gj eks prkigsks ojikjsiogjtgs* Cuimks bg eks bgtgrcojhjtgs bge ikcpkrthcogj# tk skj ojikjsiogjtgs* Ge chtgrohe ojikjsiogjtg gs boagrgjtg bge ikjsiogjtg y hbgcès sg kr# fhjozh y prkigsh bg ckbk boagrgjtg -jk sg sofug ujh eùfoih% sg cgzieh phshbk y prgsgj# tg/* Argub bostojfuoù trgs jovgegs bg ikjiogjioh4 ojikjsiogjtg% prgikjsiogjtg y ikjsiogjtg* Ge ojikjsiogjtg ojieuyg tkbk hquge chtgrohe jk hiigso`eg h eh pgrskjh gj gsthbk jkrche bg vofoeoh* Eks prkigsks fk`grjhbks pkr eks projiopoks bge ojikjsiogjtg -aheth bg eùfoih% cgzieh bg phshbk y prgsgjtg/ sg bgjkcojhj prochroks phrh bostojfuoreks bg eks sgiujbh# roks qug skj krbgjhbks y ikjsiogjtgs* Ge prgikjsiogjtg ojieuyg hqugeeks chtgrohegs oj# ikjsiogjtgs qug trhsphshj h vgigs eh `hrrgrh bge ojikjsiogjtg bg ckbk tgcpkrhe* \kr gdgcpek% iuhjbk sg togjg eh sgjshioùj bg rgikrbhr hefk ckegstk k prgkiuphjtg* Ge ikjs# iogjtg gs eh phrtg rhiokjhe bg eh pgrskjh% sg obgjtoaoih ikj ge prkpok yk y gs ge rgspkjsh`eg bg eh rgehioùj ikj ge cujbk gxtgrokr*

Eh ikjbuith togjg sofjoaoihbk* Jojfujh hiioùj k pgjshcogjtk gs purhcgjtg ihsuhe% sojk ge sofjoaoihtovk bg vhroh`egs y prkigsks gspgiãaoiks -bgsgks% ahjthsãhs% ocpue# sks%rgsuethbk cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh/ * \kr ek thjtk% sg ikjsobgrh qug eh ikjbuith ikcujoih hefk higrih bg sus bgtgrcojhjtgs y sg irgg hbgcès argiugjtgcgjtg qug boimh ikcujoihioùj gs cgthaùroih k soc`ùeoih* Bg hquã eh ocpkrthjioh bhbh h eks sugøks% ehpsus eojfuhg% imostgs% ikjbuiths jk vgr`hegs y ge sofjoaoihbk soc`ùeoik bg eks sãjtkchs jgurùtoiks*

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Ocpkrthjioh bg eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh* Eks ikjaeoitks psoikeùfoiks prkbuigj hj# sogbhb qug eh pgrskjh ojtgjth rgbuior gcpeghjbk cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh* Gstks skj prk# igsks psoikeùfoiks hutkcètoiks% fgjgrhecgjtg ojikjsiogjtgs% qug prktgfgj h eh pgrskjh bg eh hjsogbhb y bge ikjkiocogjtk bg hfgjtgs gstrgshjtgs ojtgrjks k gxtgrjks* Hefujks bg geeks skj4 )

Bgspehzhcogjtk* Wj sgjtocogjtk k rgspugsth h uj k`dgtk gs trhjsagrobk h ktrk k`dgtk cgjks hcgjhzhjtg* \kr gdgcpek% ckstrhrsg hfrgsovk ikj eks modks gj vgz bg ikj eks dgags bge trh`hdk*

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pgjshcogjtks% sgjtocogjtks ikjbuiths qug skj Akrchioùj eks kpugstksrghitovh h eks qug* Gxprgsoùj rghecgjtg bg togjg eh pgrskjh% eks iuhegs skjkojhigpth`egs y sug# egj rgprocorsg* \kr gdgcpek% modk qug kboh h su phbrg% pgrk cugstrh ujh prgkiuphioùj gxhfgrhbh pkr ïe y uj hagitk bgs`krbhjtg*

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Jgfhioùj* Jk qugrgr rgikjkigr hefôj hspgitk bkekrksk bg eh rgheobhb gxtgrjh k bg eh gxpgrogjioh su`dgtovh qug sgrãh hphrgjtg phrh eks bgcès* \kr gdgcpek% ujh pgrskjh qug jk quogrg rgikjkigr qug su phrgdh sofug ikj geeh pkr ojtgrïs% jk pkr hckr* Yg mh`eh bg jgfhioùj psoiùtoih iuhjbk mhy uj frhj bgtgrokrk gj eh prug`h bg eh rgheo# bhb*

O\IY # 87

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\rkygiioùj* Htro`uioùj ahesh h ktrh pgrskjh bg eks prkpoks sgjtocogjtks% ocpuesks k pgjshcogjtks ojhigpth`egs* Ygrãh ge ihsk bg tgjgreg hjtophtãh h hefuogj% pgrk pgjshr qug gs gstg quoïj quogrg mhigrjks bhøk*

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Phiokjheozhioùj* Kiuethcogjtk bg ehs vgrbhbgrhs cktovhiokjgs bg eks prkpoks pgj# shcogjtks% hiiokjgs k sgjtocogjtks h trhvïs bg eh geh`krhioùj bg gxpeoihiokjgs trhj# quoeozhbkrhs% pgrk ojikrrgiths* \kr gdgcpek% irotoihr sgvgrhcgjtg ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bg ujh pgrskjh h eh qug sg bgtgsth y bgior qug gs pkr su `ogj*

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Pgprgsoùj* @ekqugk ojikjsiogjtg bg eks bgsgks% pgjshcogjtks k gxpgrogjiohs hcgjh# zhbkrgs phrhikjsiogjtg% ocpgbor qug eegfugjbghehs eh obghs ikjiogjioh* Ge ikcpkjgjtg hagitovk pugbg pgrchjgigr sgphrhbk hskiohbhs* Jk mhy qug ikjaujbor eh rg# prgsoùj ikj eh suprgsoùj% uj ojtgjtk ikjsiogjtg bg jk pgjshr gj prk`egchs% bgsgks% sgjtocogjtks k gxpgrogjiohs pgrtur`hbkrgs -p*gd*% gcpeghjbk bostrhiioùj/*

Dujtk h eks hjtgrokrgs hspgitks ikjigptuhegs `èsoiks% gxostgj thc`oïj eks gegcgjtks aujbh# cgjthegs bg eh RGKPÃH IEÃJOIH \YOIKHJHEÃROIH4 #

Gs jgigshrok bgsiu`ror y ikcprgjbgr eks gvgjtks ojikjsiogjtgs y trhucètoiks bge bgshrrkeek ’ikj eh hyubh bg eks cïtkbks bg hskiohioùj eo`rg% gjtrgvosth% iehroaoihioùj y ikjarkjthioùj’% bg ckbk qug pugbhj sgr geh`krhbks pkr eks prkigsks rhiokjhegs y ikjsiogjtgs bge yk% y gstg pugbh eegfhr h boscojuor y chjgdhr hbgiuhbhcgjtg ehs augrzhs ojstojtovhs* Yg ahioeoth hsã eh chburhioùj psoikeùfoih* Mhigr ikjsiogjtg ek oj# ikjsiogjtg gs uj prkigsk frhbuhe qug kiurrg h ek ehrfk bg cuimhs sgsokjgs% hefujhs cès ihrfhbhs gckiokjhecgjtg qug ktrhs*

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Eh ojtgrprgthioùj bge chtgrohe surfg burhjtg ikjsueth y ge hjèeosos ojtgrprg# thioùj bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y suqug rgskeuioùj skj ge eh ihcojk projiophe phrh gqug ge ph# iogjtg eegfug h eh ikcprgjsoùj -ojsofmt/ bge krofgj y jhturhegzh bg sus prk`egchs * Wjh ojtgrprgthioùj gs ujh ikcujoihioùj he ieogjtg qug togjg pkr aojheobhb mhigr ikjs# iogjtg ge sofjoaoihbk ojikjsiogjtg bge ikcpkrthcogjtk bge phiogjtg% chjoagsthbk jkrche# cgjtg h trhvïs bg eh hskiohioùj eo`rg% eks sugøks% ehs rgsostgjiohs y eh trhjsagrgjioh* Eh trhjsagrgjioh sg rgaogrg h qug ge phiogjtg rgprkbuig gj su rgehioùj ikj ge tgrhpguth hs# pgitks iruiohegs bg su gxpgrogjioh ikj aofurhs ocpkrthjtgs bg su prkpoh mostkroh% bg ckbk qug rghphrgigj gj eh ikjsueth eks ikjaeoitks y gxpgrogjiohs sofjoaoihtovhs bge bgshrrkeek*

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Eh rgehioùj bg trhjsagrgjioh pgrcotg pugs ge bgshrrkeek bg eh ikcprgjsoùj% eh iuhe jk gs cgrhcgjtg ikfjotovh% sojk qug ocpeoih hbgcès gxprgsoùj y bgsihrfh gckiokjhe* Yoj gstg ikcpkjgjtg gckiokjhe% eh ikcprgjsoùj vgrbhbgrh jk sg bh% sg eocoth h uj purk gdgr# ioiok ojtgegituhe* \kr ktrh phrtg% bhbh eh rghiioùj jk pujotovh bge tgrhpguth hjtg ehs rghi# iokjgs trhjsagrgjiohegs bge phiogjtg% eh trhjsagrgjioh thc`oïj prkvgg uj hc`ogjtg gbuih# tovk qug ahvkrgig eh chburhioùj psoikeùfoih*

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Cuimks supkjgj qug eh ikcprgjsoùj vgrbhbgrh bg eks prkpoks ikjaeoitks ojtrhpsãquoiks gs suaoiogjtg phrh eh bgshphroioùj bg eks sãjtkchs y ge ihc`ok gj eh ikjbuith chjoaogsth* Yoj gc`hrfk% ktrks pogjshj qug hujqug eh ikcprgjsoùj gs jgigshroh% pugbg jk sgr suaoiogjtg% sojk qug sg rgquogrg thc`oïj hituhr borgithcgjtg phrh ihc`ohr ge ikc# pkrthcogjtk gxtgrjk* Gstk gs ek qug haorch`h Argub iuhjbk bgiãh qug phrh ge trhthcogj# tk bg ujh ak`oh grh jgigshrok ge ojsmoft% pgrk thc`oïj hegjthr he phiogjtg h h`hjbkjhr sus ikjbuiths bg gvothioùj*

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Eks phiogjtgs sg rgsostgj he cïtkbk tgrhpïutoik% gs bgior% gcpeghj ujh vhrogbhb bg cgboks borgitks g ojborgitks phrh prktgfgrsg bg eh hjsogbhb y ge ikjaeoitk hskiohbks ikj eh

O\IY # 81

tgrhpoh hjheãtoih* \kr thjtk% gs ocpkrthjtg obgjtoaoihr% hjheozhr g ojtgrprgthr gsths rgsos# tgjiohs phrh qug eh rgehioùj trhjsagrgjiohe kiurrh y pugbh sgr hjheozhbh y rgsugeth*

Ckboaoihiokjgs bg eh tgkrãh y tïijoih psoikhjheãtoih Yg ihrhitgrozhj pkr4 #

Ïjahsos gj ge phpge bge yk* Gstg aujiokjh gj cuimks hspgitks ikj ojbgpgjbgjioh bg eks ojstojtks y bge ikjaeoitk ojtrhpsãquoik> hbgcès gs rgspkjsh`eg bg hitovobhbgs aujbhcgjth# egs4 cgckroh% pgrigpioùj% ikjtrke bg ocpuesks% rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs% akrchioùj bg eh obgjtobhb*

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Ïjahsos gj ehs gxpgrogjiohs psoikskiohegs -y jk sùek psoiksgxuhegs/ bge bgshrrkeek bg eks bks procgrks høks gj eh bgtgrcojhioùj bg eh pgrskjheobhb/*

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Hpeoihioùj bg eh tgrhpoh h pk`ehiokjgs ieãjoihs boagrgjtgs bg eks hbuetks jgurùtoiks vostks pkr Argub4 joøks% psoiùtoiks% trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb* Hbgcès% gxtgjsoùj h sotuhiokjgs jk ieãjoihs4 gbuihioùj% gcprgshs% ojstotuiokjgs*

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Ïjahsos gj eks ahitkrgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* Yg ikjsobgrh ge bgshrrkeek psoikeùfoik ikck ge rgsuethbk bg eh ojtgrhiioùj gjtrg vhroh`egs pgrskjhegs y gxpgrogjiohs ojtgrpgrskjhegs*

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Ïjahsos gj eh jhturhegzh bg eh krfhjozhioùj bg eh pgrskjheobhb gj eufhr bg gj eks ikjaeoitks bojècoiks gspgiãaoiks* Ikck ikjsgiugjioh bge ïjahsos gj ge yk y bg eks ojtgj# tks bg trhthr eks trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb% ehs akrcuehiokjgs bg eh psoikphtkekfãh sg igj#

trhj gj eks bgagitks bg eh gstruiturh psãquoih cès qug gj eks ikjaeoitks ojtgrjks* Yofuogjbk h @hngr -8?=7+8?==/% pugbgj bostojfuorsg% hphrtg bge psoikhjèeosos ieèsoik% trgs bgshrrkeeks bgjtrk bg eks ckbgeks bojècoiks% hujqug ehs arkjtgrhs gjtrg geeks jk skj iehrhs y ge giegitoiosck gs argiugjtg* Gstks ckbgeks skj4 h/ Eh trhboioùj jgkargubohjh% rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Hbegr% Dujf% Agjoimge% Agrgji# zo% Pgoim% Phjn% Mkrjgy% Yueeovhj y Arkcc* `/ Eh trhboioùj hjheãtoih bge yk% qug ojieuyg eh tgkrãh bg ehs rgehiokjgs k`dgthegs% y gstè rg# prgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Cgehjog Negoj% Ahor`hoj% Vojjoiktt% Hjh Argub% Gronskj% Mhrtchjj% Phpphpkrt y Fujtrop* i/ Eh psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih% rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Chehj% Yoajgks% Aokrojo% Chjj y Bhvhjekk* Ihpãtuek hphrtg ek ikjstotuygj ehs gsiosokjgs tgcprhjhs bg Dujf% Hbegr y Phjn% hsã ikck eh cès thrbãh bg Ehihj* Rkbks geeks mhj aujbhbk gsiugehs y sgjbks sostgchs tgrhpïutoiks* \kr eocoth# iokjgs bggjgsphiok sg vh h trhthr ôjoihcgjtg eh psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih% eh iuhe gs hcpeohcgjtg utoeozhbh eh hituheobhb*

Eh psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih Yus ihrhitgrãstoihs skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Ocpgrhtovks prèitoiks -ojirgcgjtk bg eh bgchjbh hsostgjiohe/ mhj eegvhbk h `usihr uj trhthcogjtk cgjks rgfrgsovk g ojtgjsk% hbgiuhbk phrh hqugeeks qug jk jgigsothj ujh

O\IY # 86

rggstruiturhioùj prkaujbh bg su pgrskjheobhb k qug jk bgsggj k jk sghj ihphigs bg tkeg# rhr ge togcpk y ehs gxofgjiohs gckiokjhegs bge psoikhjèeosos prkekjfhbk* #

Ge trhthcogjtk togjg ujh cgjkr burhioùj -fgjgrhecgjtg 81#9< sgsokjgs/ y eh argiugjioh bg ehs sgsokjgs thc`oïj sg rgbuig h 8#0 pkr sgchjh% gj vgz bg 2#7*

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Ge tgrhpguth gs cès hitovk y borgitovk y akcgjth ge bgshrrkeek bg ujh `ugjh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih* Hbgcès% jk sg utoeozh ge bovèj y ehs sgsokjgs sg rgheozhj ihrh h ihrh*

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Mhy uj cgjkr ïjahsos gj ge bgsiu`rocogjtk g ojtgrprgthioùj bg chtgrohe mostùroik y ujh

chykr bgrovhbks ikjigjtrhioùj eks hspgitks hituhegs y gj ehhujqug rgskeuioùj bg prk`egchs gspg# iãaoiks bg eksgj ikjaeoitks `èsoiks jk rgsugetks% rgehtovhcgjtg hutùjkcks bg gstks* #

Yg gjahtozh eh skeuioùj bg akiks prk`egcètoiks k cès bgsikcpgjshbks bg eh pgrskjh# eobhb gj eufhr bg eh rggstruiturhioùj fek`he bg eh pgrskjheobhb* Yg togjgj gj iugjth eks hspgitks bg gsth qug sg rgehiokjhj ikj eks prk`egchs hituhegs*

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Yg `usih hpkyhr ehs bgagjshs ôtoegs bge ieogjtg% ahvkrgigr eh hbhpthioùj bg eh pgrskjh y cgdkrhr ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs*

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Yg hcpeãh eh fhch bg ojtgrvgjiokjgs gcpeghbhs* Hbgcès bg eh ojtgrprgthioùj% sg utoeo# zhj ojtgrvgjiokjgs gbuihtovhs y bg hpkyk -hikjsgdhcogjtk% ojstruiiokjgs% ojakrchioùj% skstïj gckiokjhe% haorchioùj k bgshrrkeek bg mh`oeobhbgs/* \ugbg gcpeghrsg tgrhpoh bg frupk% ahcoeohr k bg phrgdh y thc`oïj cgboihioùj kihsokjhe*

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Ge akrchtk bg ehgjtgrhpoh mhigprgsgjtg qug eh trhjsagrgjioh cgjks ojtgjsh rgfrgso# vh*prkpok Ge ïjahsos sg pkjg eh rgehioùj gjtrg phiogjtgsgh y tgrhpguth% soj qugysgh jgig# shrok rgckjthrsg he phshbk*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks psoikbojècoiks \ksotovk #

Ge psoikhjèeosos kargig ujh tgkrãh cuy geh`krhbh sk`rg ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk qug ojtgfrh ge bgshrrkeek bg eh pgrskjheobhb ikj eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks y eehch eh htgjioùj sk`rg ehs augrzhs ojtgrjhs bg eh pgrskjh y% gj phrtoiuehr% sk`rg eks hspgitks orrhiokjhegs g ojikjsiogjtgs bge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh sobk ge procgr sostgch ojtgfrhbk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih ckbgrjh*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh bhbk eufhr h h`ujbhjtgs mopùtgsos higrih bg eks trhstkrjks psoikeù# foiks*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh sgøhehbk ehs ocpeoihiokjgs bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y bg eh ikjtrhtrhjsag# rgjioh -sgjtocogjtks y ahjthsãhs qug eks tgrhpguths gxpgrocgjthj gj rgspugsth h sus ph# iogjtgs/*

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Ge psoikhjèeosos mh bgsthihbk ge phpge bg eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh*

O\IY # 8=

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Iogrtks rgiursks tïijoiks ikck eh hskiohioùj eo`rg% ehs tïijoihs prkygitovhs y ge hjè# eosos bg eks sugøks mhj sobk hbkpthbks pkr ktrks gjakqugs % hujqug jk tkbks vgj gstk ikck hefk pksotovk*

Jgfhtovk #

Eh chykrãh bg eks ikjigptks psoikbojècoiks gstèj akrcuehbks bg uj ckbk thj h`s# trhitk g ocprgiosk qug ocpobg su gstubok iogjtãaoik -ujh gxigpioùj skj eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh/* Hbgcès% ge ckbgek gstè akrcuehbk bg the chjgrh qug iuhequogr rgsueth# \kr gdgcpek% gj ujh bk k`tgjobk ojtgrprgthbk ahvkrh`egmkstoegs% h eh tgkrãh* pgrskjh gj ehpugbg qug sgsgr supkjgj ocpuesksikck ojikjsiogjtgs eh gxostgjioh bg gstks gs ikjaorchbh thjtk pkr ujh ikjbuith hfrgsovh ikck pkr ujh ikjbuith hphio`eg* Gj gstg ôe# tock ihsk sg ojvkih ge ikjigptk bg akrchioùj rghitovh% soj gspgioaoihr ehs ioriujsthjiohs `hdk ehs qug gsth pugbg bhrsg k jk*

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Ge gjakqug psoikbojècoik gs ojsuaoiogjtg phrh gxpeoihr eh ikcpegdobhb bg eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche*

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Eh aoh`oeobhb y vheobgz bg eks ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj utoeozhbks -prug`hs prkygi# tovhs% k`sgrvhioùj jk gstruiturhbh/ skj bubkshs*

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Gxostgj pkiks gstuboks ikjtrkehbks sk`rg eh gaoihioh bg ehs tgrhpohs psoikbojècoihs% hujqug hituhecgjtg ge gjakqug bg psoiktgrhpoh psoikbojècoih gstè sogjbk skcgtobk h ojvgstofhioùj* Eks gstuboks skj hôj gsihsks% pgrk eks rgsuethbks skj pksotovks* Gstg topk bg psoiktgrhpoh gs cès gaoihz qug ge jk trhthcogjtk% hujqug jk cès qug ktrhs tgrhpohs he#

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tgrjhtovhs* \ugbgj irghrsg jugvks prk`egchs gj eks phiogjtgs k gj ehs pgrskjhs jkrchegs he ojtgrprgthr bgtgrcojhbks ikcpkrthcogjtks ikck ojboihbkrgs bg cktovhiokjgs phtk# eùfoihs ojikjsiogjtgs* Ge psoikhjèeosos ieèsoik kargig ujh vosoùj `hsthjtg pgsocosth bge mkc`rg% bgsthih gxigso# vhcgjtg ge phpge bg eks ocpuesks -sgxuhegs y hfrgsovks/ y rgegfh eks ahitkrgs ojtgrpgrsk# jhegs y iueturhegs* Gjahtozh gxigsovhcgjtg eks ahitkrgs mostùroiks y jk prgsth eh suaoiogjtg htgjioùj h eks prk`egchs hituhegs bge ieogjtg* Ikck tgrhpoh% sùek gs hpeoih`eg h pgrskjhs ikj `ugj jovge iueturhe% gs bgchsohbk ehrfk y jk gs cès gaoihz qug trhthcogjtks cuimk cès `rgvgs*

CKBGEKY AGJKCGJKEÙFOIKY \ugbgj gjiuhbrhrsg hquã ehehtgrhpoh igjtrhbhy gj ge ieogjtg% eh tgrhpohHutkrgs fgstèetoih% ge hjèeosos trhjshiiokjhe% ge psoikbrhch% `okgjgrfïtoih eh tgrhpoh gxostgjiohe* rgprgsgjthtovks skj Pkfgrs% \gres% @grjg% Ckrgjk% Ekwgj% Chy y Arhjne* Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs `èsoihs bg eks ckbg# eks agjkcgjkeùfoiks ’thc`oïj eehchbks muchjosths k% ek qug gs ihbh vgz cès argiugjtg% gxpg# rogjiohegs’ skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Hutkjkcãh pgrskjhe y rgspkjsh`oeobhb skiohe* \kr uj ehbk% ge sgr muchjk gs ihphz bg borofor su prkpok bgshrrkeek y bg tkchr bgiosokjgs% y gs rgspkjsh`eg bg sus hitks* \kr ktrk% gsth hutkjkcãh pgrskjhe gs eh qug pgrcotg sgr rgspkjsh`eg hjtg eh skiogbhb* Jk sg gjahto# zhj ehs mh`oeobhbgs bge ieogjtg k ehs gstrhtgfohs phrh harkjthr ge hc`ogjtg% yh qug sg ikjso#

O\IY # 8?

bgrh qug iuhjtk cès sg higrqug ge ieogjtg h su pktgjiohe bg bgshrrkeek% cès ihphz sgrè bg gjikjtrhr skeuiokjgs h eks prk`egchs gxtgrjks bg su vobh soj hyubh bg jhbog* Bg mgimk% sg togjbg h ikjsobgrhr ikjtrhprkbuigjtg kargigr hyubh borgith h uj ieogjtg phrh rg# skevgr sus prk`egchs% pugstk qug bg gstg ckbk ge ieogjtg pugbg mhigrsg cès bgpgjbogjtg bge tgrhpguth y pgrbgr eh kpkrtujobhb bg qug sus obghs y sgjtocogjtks sghj su fuãh* #

Hutkrrgheozhioùj* Ihbh pgrskjh pksgg bg akrch ojjhth uj pktgjiohe bg irgiocogjtk k hutkrrgheozhioùj% ujh tgjbgjioh h bgshrrkeehrsg y h prkfrgshr mhioh eh chburgz* Ehs pgr# skjhs skj vosths ikck `èsoihcgjtg `ugjhs y krogjthbhs mhioh cgths pksotovhs -hckr% ageoiobhb% hrckjãh% irghtovobhb/* Ge bgshrrkeek bg eh tgjbgjioh mhioh eh hutkrrgheozhioùj bgpgjbg frhj phrtg bg eh shtosahiioùj bg ehs jgigsobhbgs `èsoihs bge krfhjosck*shtos# \kr gdgcpek% gj Chsekw mh sgøhehbk qug phrh `usihr eh hutkrrgheozhioùj gs jgigshrok ahigr procgrk iuhtrk topks bg jgigsobhbgs `èsoihs 4 aosokeùfoihs -mhc`rg% sgb% sgxk/% psoikeùfoihs -sgfurobhb/% bg rgehioùj skiohe -pgrtgjgjioh% higpthioùj/ y hutkgstoch -rgspg# tk h ujk cosck/*

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Krogjthioùj mhioh cgths y `ôsqugbh bg sgjtobk* Ehs hiiokjgs muchjhs skj ojtgjiokjh# egs% vhj borofobhs h cgths* Hmkrh `ogj% eh pgrskjh sg cugvg jk sùek pkr cktovhiokjgs chtgrohegs% sojk thc`oïj pkr vhekrgs ’thegs ikck eh eo`grthb% dustoioh y bofjobhb’ qug supkjgj uj ojtgjtk bg trhsigjbgr eh prkpoh gxostgjioh*

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Ikjigpioùj fek`he bg eh pgrskjh* Gsth sg ikjsobgrh ikck uj ikjdujtk ojtgfrhbk gj ge qug sgjtocogjtk% pgjshcogjtk y hiioùj akrchj uj tkbk* Yg ikjsobgrh% pkr thjtk% qug gj ge trhthcogjtk ehs pgrskjhs mhj bg sgr htgjbobhs gj su ikjdujtk* Igjtrhrsg gj prk# `egchs gspgiãaoiks sg ikjsobgrh bg pkih utoeobhb% yh qug gstk pugbg fgjgrhr jugvks prk`egchs -bgpgjbgjioh/ g ojtgragror gj ge prkpok irgiocogjtk pgrskjhe bg eks ieogjtgs*

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\ujtk bg vosth agjkcgjkeùfoik* Yg ikjsobgrh qug ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bg ujh pgrskjh gstè bgtgrcojhbk projiophecgjtg pkr eh pgrigpioùj qug togjg bg sã cosch y bge cujbk* Ehs pgrskjhs irghj eh ―rgheobhb– h phrtor bg sus pgrigpiokjgs oboksojirèsoihs* Yg pogjsh qug sùek sg pugbg ikcprgjbgr h ujh pgrskjh so sg gs ihphz bg pgrio`or ehs ikshs ikck geeh ehs pgrio`g* Yg gspgrh qug he or rgvgehjbk sus pgrigpiokjgs he tgrhpguth% ge ieogjtg sg mhrè cès ikjsiogjtg bg gshs pgrigpiokjgs y bg iùck fuãhj su ikcpkrthcogjtk*

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Ïjahsos gj ge hquã y hmkrh* Yg ikjigbg pkih k cgjks ocpkrthjioh h eh mostkroh bge ieogj# tg* Yg higjtôhj eh gxpgrogjioh ojcgbohth -ckcgjtk h ckcgjtk bg eh sgsoùj tgrhpïu# toih/ y ehs gckiokjgs* Ge akik bg eh tgrhpoh rhrh vgz sg hegdh bg ek qug gstè suigbogjbk bu# rhjtg eh sgsoùj*

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Ge tgrhpguth jk hbkpth ge phpge bg gxpgrtk qug sh`g y bgiobg quï gs ek cgdkr phrh ge ieogjtg*

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Aojhecgjtg% sg bh cès ocpkrthjioh h ehs hitotubgs h ehs bge tgrhpguth tïijoihs ikj#h irgths* Eh rgehioùj gjtrg ieogjtg y tgrhpguth sg ikjsobgrh ge cgbokqug ôjoik k aujbhcgjthe trhvïs bge iuhe sg ikjsofug eh hutkrrgheozhioùj* \kr thjtk% eh bosiusoùj bge phshbk k eh peh# joaoihioùj bge chjgdk bg sotuhiokjgs prk`egcètoihs auturhs skj cgjks ôtoegs qug eh vovgj# ioh gj ge prgsgjtg bg ujh rgehioùj ikj ktrh pgrskjh qug higpth ojikjboiokjhecgjtg he ieogjtg*

Gxostg ujh bovgrsobhb bg su`ckbgeks agjkcgjkeùfoiks* \kr eocothiokjgs bg gsphiok y togcpk% trhthrgcks sùek bks gjakqugs ieèsoiks% eh tgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg bg Pkfgrs y eh tgrhpoh Fgs# thet bg \gres* Wj gjakqug cès hituhe% eh tgrhpoh gxpgrogjiohe -Frggj`grf/% qug supkjg ujh iogrth

O\IY # 0<

sãjtgsos hituheozhbh bg eks bks hjtgrokrgs% sgrè h`krbhbh gj ge tgch 88 bge prkfrhch* Eh tgrhpoh gxpgrogjiohe ikjsgrvh eh ojsporhioùj rkfgrohjh igjtrhbh gj eh pgrskjh% pgrk hbkpth ujh hitotub cès borgitovh y ujh krogjthioùj ikfjotovk#ikjstruitovosth*

Eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg Ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg bg Pkfgrs skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Ikjaohjzh gj eh ihphiobhb bg eh pgrskjh phrh borofor su prkpoh vobh -sh`gr ek qug eg pgrtur`h% bgiosokjgs% gti*/*y hitovhr Gxostg tkbhs ujh tgjbgjioh ojjhth bge h ehkrfhjosck* hutkrrgheozhioùj% ujh tgjbgjioh tkchr h chburhr% h gxprgshr ehs ihphiobhbgs

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Ge irgiocogjtk bg ujh pgrskjh bgpgjbg bg gsth tgjbgjioh ojjhth h eh hutkrrgheozh# ioùj y bg uj sostgch bg gvheuhioùj bg ehs gxpgrogjiohs ikck pksotovhs k jgfhtovhs sg# fôj sghj ikjfrugjtgs k jk ikj eh tgjbgjioh hjtgrokr* -Hutkrrgheozhioùj jk sofjoaoih gfkãsck% yh qug hqugeeh bh vhekr h eks ktrks*/ Gj gstg prkigsk bg irgiocogjtk% qug togjg eufhr gj ojtgrhiioùj ikj ge cgbok% sg bgshrrkeeh ge ikjigptk bg sã cosck ikck boagrgj# iohbk bge cujbk gxtgrokr*

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Ge sostgch bg gvheuhioùj bg ehs gxpgrogjiohs bgpgjbg pkr ujh phrtg bg sgjtocogjtks borgitks u krfhjãscoiks -hefk gs vhekrhbk borgithcgjtg ikck pksotovk k jgfhtovk sgfôj ge frhbk gj qug gs ikjfrugjtg ikj eh tgjbgjioh h eh hutkrrgheozhioùj/* \grk pkr ktrh phrtg% bgpgjbg thc`oïj bg eks duoioks bg eks ktrks* Iuhjtk chykr sgh eh hutkikjaohjzh bg eh pgrskjh y cès sg higptg h sã cosch% cgjks sg bgdhrè ojaeuor pkr ehs vhekrhiokjgs bg eks ktrks* Yoj gc`hrfk% ehs prèitoihs gbuihtovhs eegvhj h eh pgrskjh h bgpgjbgr gxigsovhcgjtg

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bg eks duoioks bg eks bgcès ikj ge aoj bg hfrhbhregs k jk ikjtrhrohregs* Eh bgpgjbgjioh bg ehs jkrchs y vhekrgs skiohegs -ikjboiokjgs bg vhekr/% qug aojhecgjtg skj ojtgrjheozhbks% boaoiueth eh ikjsobgrhioùj pksotovh bg sã cosck y gjtkrpgig ge irgio# cogjtk pgrskjhe he k`eofhr h pgjshr y hituhr bg ckbk ojikjfrugjtg ikj ujk cosck* Yg irghj hsã hitotubgs bg cogbk% hjsogbhb y bubh sk`rg sã cosck y sg jogfhj% bostkrsokjhj k `ekqughj sgjtocogjtks y bgsgks prkpoks* \kr gdgcpek% uj mkc`rg gcktovk% pgrk gbuih# bk sgfôj uj phtrùj ieèsoik bg eks mkc`rgs ikck augrtgs g ocphso`egs% pugbg jgfhr qug eekrhr eg mhig sgjtorsg `ogj> hbgcès% su haorchioùj bg qug eekrhr gs bg bï`oegs rgprgsgjth ujh bostkrsoùj bg sus prkpoks sgjtocogjtks*

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Eks prk`egchs psoikeùfoiks surfgj bg eh bosirgphjioh higjtuhbh gjtrg ek qug ge krfh# josck gxpgrogjioh y ek qug gs jgigshrok phrh chjtgjgr eh ikjsobgrhioùj pksotovh mhioh sã cosck k% gj ktrks tïrcojks% bg eh ojikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck ikck gs ckebghbk pkr eks ktrks y ge sã cosck rghe*

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Eh ieogjtgcès sg ihrhitgrozh pkr4 h/i/ahioeothr ioùjpsoiktgrhpoh bge ieogjtg% `/igjtrhbh gjahtozhrgjek gehagitovk qug ek ojtgegituhe% higjtuhreh ehhutkrrgheozh# ocpkrthjioh bge prgsgjtg% y b/ ikjsobgrhr eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih ikck ujh gxpgrogjioh bg irgio# cogjtk* Gstk ôetock ocpeoih qug ge tgrhpguth bg`g ckstrhr higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjbo# iokjhe -higpthr he ieogjtg ikck gs% soj duoioks> gstk ocpeoih jk sgr borgitovk% jk bhr ikjsg# dks jo phuths/% gcphtãh -ikcprgjbgr he ieogjtg bgsbg ge pujtk bg vosth bg gstg/ y ikj# frugjioh k hutgjtoiobhb -ikcujoihr eks prkpoks sgjtocogjtks y gxpgrogjiohs ojtgrjhs/ gj su rgehioùj ikj ge ieogjtg* Pkfgrs ikjsobgrh qug gsths trgs hitotubgs bge tgrhpguth skj ikjboiokjgs jgigshrohs y suaoiogjtgs phrh ahioeothr eh hutkrrgheozhioùj bge phiogjtg*

O\IY # 08

Yoj gc`hrfk% ikjvogjg tgjgr gj iugjth qug ehs ojvgstofhiokjgs mhj bgckstrhbk qug ehs hitotubgs cgjiokjhbhs jk skj suaoiogjtgs phrh ikjsgfuor ihc`oks tgrhpïutoiks y qug ge prkpok Pkfgrs rgakrzh`h jk vgr`hecgjtg k mhiãh ikcgjthroks bg hprgiohioùj pkso# tovh bgspuïs bg qug eks ieogjtgs gxprgshsgj gspgrhjzhs pksotovhs k hutkochfgj pksotovh k ikjikrbhsgj ikj ge tgrhpguth> gs bgior ckstrh`h cgjks higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjbo# iokjhe y cès borgitovobhb bg eh qug irgãh* #

Ktrhs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eh psoiktgrhpoh igjtrhbh gj ge ieogjtg skj4 h/ sg higpthj eks oj# akrcgs bge ieogjtg ikck vèeobks y ikjaoh`egs% ojbgpgjbogjtgcgjtg bg ek qug eg phrgzih he tgrhpguth> `/ jk sg ojtgrrucpg he ieogjtg% shevk phrh vgroaoihr k hcpeohr hefujh obgh> y i/ qug sg ikjsobgrhj jk sgqug gcpeghj ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs peoihj ge tgrhpguth sh`g cès sk`rg ge% yh prkpok ieogjtg qug gstgbgchsohbk cosck* borgitovhs g oc#

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Yg ikjsobgrh qug gj eh sotuhioùj tgrhpïutoih gj eh qug ge ieogjtg gs ikcprgjbobk y higpth# bk gj vgz bg irotoihbk% gstg gs eo`rg phrh vgrsg h sã cosck soj bgagjshs y phrh rgikjk# igr y hbcotor frhbuhecgjtg su sã cosck rghe % ikj sus hspgitks thjtk jgfhtovks ikck pksotovks* Gsth gxpgrogjioh gj eh ikjiogjioh bg sgjtocogjtks rgprocobks mhsth ge ckcgjtk bh eufhr h ujh sgjshioùj bg ihc`ok psoikeùfoik% h uj jugvk gsthbk bg ikcprgjsoùj - oj# sofmt/ y h ihc`oks aosokeùfoiks ikjikcothjtgs* Hbgcès% sg bgshrrkeeh uj sostgch bg gvheuhioùj qug jk togjg pkr quï chjtgjgr ehs jkrchs oc`uobhs pkr ehs aofurhs bg hutkro# bhb% qug gs ihphz bg hbhpthrsg h boagrgjtgs ioriujsthjiohs% qug boagrgjioh gjtrg ge duoiok pgrskjhe y ge duoiok bg ktrks y qug gs ihphz bg tkchr bgiosokjgs boagrgjtgs h ehs bg eks gx# pgrtks*

Eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih Pgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Arotz \gres% Ehurh \gres% Fkkbchj% Yocnoj% Vgosz y Mgaagreo# jg% sus ihrhitgrãstoihs skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Ihbh pgrskjh togjg ujh tgjbgjioh jhturhe h ikcpegthr su gxostgjioh -h hutkrrgheo# zhrsg/% h shtosahigr sus jgigsobhbgs y bgsgks egfãtocks*

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Ihbh pgrskjh gs rgspkjsh`eg bg su ikjbuith*

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Yg gjahtozh ge hquã y hmkrh* Yg `usih qug ge ieogjtg jk sg rgaufog gj ge phshbk*

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Yg pgrsofug qug ge ieogjtg tkcg ikjiogjioh bg sus jgigsobhbgs% gckiokjgs y bgchj# bhs bge cgbok -thjtk pksotovhs ikck jgfhtovhs/% cès heeè bg ehs ojtgegituheozhiokjgs g ojtgrprgthiokjgs* Gj eh tkch bg ikjiogjioh ge sã cosck sg gxpgrocgjth ikck ujh tktheo# bhb -jk gstè bovobobk gjtrg ujh phrtg qug k`sgrvh y ktrh qug gs k`sgrvhbh/ y ge ieogjtg sg ikjigjtrh gspkjtèjghcgjtg gj ek qug eg ojtgrgsh y bgsiu`rg ikshs jugvhs* Gstk eegvh h ujh eo`grhioùj bg eh tgjsoùj y hgjujujhucgjtk bg gjgrfãh qug gj sg pugbg hpeoihrbghehgxpgrocgj# thr jugvhs ikjbuiths% procgrk cgbok sgfurk y eugfk sotuhiokjgs vobh ikto# bohjh*

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Eh ikjiogjioh bg eh pgrskjh pugbg rgsuethr bostkrsokjhbh k ojikcpegth he trhthr bg gvothr ge ikjaeoitk gjtrg ehs prkpohs jgigsobhbgs y ehs gxofgjiohs bge cgbok* Yg vg he phiogjtg ikck ujh sgrog bg pkehrobhbgs -chjbùj#sucosk% skioh`eg#rgtrhãbk/% bg ckbk qug togjbg h igjtrhrsg sk`rg uj pkek y h gvothr ge ktrk * \hrh ge pkek qug prkbuig tgckr pkr sã cosck k pkr sus pkso`egs rgpgriusokjgs sg ikjstruygj bgagjshs y `ekqugks*

O\IY # 00

\gres sg igjtrh thc`oïj gj eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh qug sg chjoaogsthj gj ehs rgehiokjgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* Hsã% ehs pgrskjhs h ehs qug rgsueth ojiùckbk gxpgrocgjthr y gxprgshr borgithcgjtg iogrths jgigsobhbgs -p*gd*% hckr/ pugbgj bgshrrkeehr gstrhtgfohs k dugfks chjopuehbkrgs phrh shtosahigr boimhs jgigsobhbgs bg akrch ojborgith* Bg gstg ckbk% ehs pgrskjhs iuyhs ojtgrhiiokjgs ikj eks bgcès sg `hshj gj gjagrcgbhbgs ojtgrco# jh`egs% cogbks% hfrgsokjgs k ojhbgiuhiokjgs augrzhj h eks ktrks h sgr skeãiotks k ihroøk# sks* \grk ikck gstks sg bhj iugjth bg qug gstèj sogjbk chjopuehbks% pugbgj tgrcojhr ckstrhjbk rgimhzk mhioh gshs pgrskjhs% ikj ek qug gsths sg vgrèj k`eofhbhs% pkr gdgcpek% h `usihr ktrh pgrskjh ikj quogj dufhr* \hrh gcpgkrhr ehs ikshs% eh ikjiogjioh ojikcpeg# th k suprocobh sugeg or hikcphøhbh bg eh ocprgsoùj bg qug jk sg gs rgspkjsh`eg bg Hsã% sg togjbg h iuephr -"jk h ktrks jk augrhojtgrgshjtgs pkr cos modks% jk tgj# eks prk`egchs* brãhprkpoks prk`egchs"/% h ioriujsthjiohs hc`ogjthegs mhy-"so mkc`rgs gj gstg ph# ãs"/ k h augrzhs ojtgrjhs sk`rg ehs qug jk sg pugbg ojaeuor -"jk pugbk ikjtrkehr co gjah# bk"/* #

Eh cgth aujbhcgjthe bg eh tgrhpoh fgsthet gs rgsth`egigr ge prkigsk bg irgiocogjtk bge ieogjtg* \hrh geek% sg hyubh h gstg h tkchr ikjiogjioh bg eks sgjtocogjtks% bgsgks g oc# puesks prkpoks qug mhj sobk jgfhbks% y h rgikjkigr eks sgjtocogjtks% obghs y vhekrgs qug ikjsobgrh prkpoks% pgrk qug mh hbkpthbk bg ktrhs pgrskjhs* Eh ikjsgiuioùj prk# frgsovh bg gsth ikjiogjioh ahioeoth qug ge ieogjtg hsocoeg k mhfh suyks eks hspgitks k pk# ehrobhbgs bg sã cosck qug mh`ãh rgimhzhbk y qug bgdg h uj ehbk ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs qug rghecgjtg jk eg pgrtgjgigj* )

Eh hsocoehioùj bg ehs pkehrobhbgs prkpohs rgimhzhbhs y eh ojtgfrhioùj ikj sus kpugsths% ’ek iuhe ocpeoih uj rgikjkiocogjtk bg tkbhs ehs phrtgs bge yk y eh ujobhb bg eks ikcpkrthcogjtks vgr`hegs y jk vgr`hegs’ pgrcotorèj he ieogjtg rgspkjsh`oeozhr# sg bg gsãojtgrjhcgjtg cosck ikckgjrghecgjtg ahesh ikjaeoitk*gs gj vgz bg bgagjbgr ujh hutkochfgj phriohecgjtg

)

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\kr gdgcpek% ujh pgrskjh qug sg sogjtg supgrokr h eks bgcès% pgrk qug mh rgpro# cobk gstg sgjtocogjtk y mh hbkpthbk uj horg bg mucoebhb vh h pkbgr rgikjkigr y gxprgshr ehs bks phrtgs gj ikjaeoitk -"sky ge cès frhjbg" ikjtrh "jk bg`k prgsu# cor"/* Ikjsgfuobk gstk% sgrè cès aèioe qug gjiugjtrg ujh akrch bg rgskeuioùj4 "gstè `ogj qug yk gxprgsg cos sgjtocogjtks bg ikcpgtgjioh% pgrk jgigsotk thc`oïj tkchr gj iugjth eks sgjtocogjtks bg eks bgcès"* Hsã pugs% ehs rgskeuiokjgs bg uj ikjaeoitk rgquogrgj ujh ikjiogjioh tkthe bg eks bks pkeks*

Rïijoihs gcpeghbhs pkr eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih skj4 usk bge prgsgjtg gj eh ikcujoihioùj vgr`he% sgøhehcogjtk bge ikcpkrthcogjtk jk vgr`he phrh qug ge ieogjtg hjheoig ge sofjoao# ihbk bge cosck% trh`hdk ikj sugøks% tïijoih bg eh soeeh vhiãh* Yg gcpeghj thc`oïj tïijo# ihs bg ktrks h`krbhdgs ikck ge psoikbrhch bg Ckrgjk k ge trh`hdk ikrpkrhe bg eh `okgjgr# fïtoih* Bks psoiktgrhpohs hituhegs gj ehs qug mh ojaeuobk jkth`egcgjtg eh tgrhpoh fgstèetoih skj eh prkfrhchioùj bg @hjbegr y Frojbgr prgsovh akiheozhbh qugjgurkeojfõãstoih Bhebrup% @gutegr% Frggj`grf y Gjfeg-8?67/ -8?==/y eh mhjpsoiktgrhpoh prgsgjthbkgx# gj akrch bg chjuhe*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks agjkcgjkeùfoiks Ikjvogjg bgsthihr qug gxostg ujh frhj mgtgrkfgjgobhb gjtrg eks bostojtks gjakqugs agjk# cgjkeùfoiks*

O\IY # 09

\ksotovk #

Ikjigpioùj aoeksùaoih pksotovh bge mkc`rg% hujqug pugbg sgr pkik rgheosth*

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Jk sg igjtrhj gj eh phtkekfãh% sojk gj eh hutkrrgheozhioùj y gj ek qug ge ieogjtg pugbg eegfhr h sgr*

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Ge ïjahsos gj eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih eks mhig gspgiohecgjtg htrhygjtgs phrh eks ieãjoiks* Hbgcès% mhy qug rgikjkigregs ge cïrotk bg mh`gr pugstk bg chjoaogstk ge vhekr bg boimh rgehioùj gj iuhequogr topk bg tgrhpoh*

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\hrgigj gspgiohecgjtg hbgiuhbks phrh pgrskjhs ikj prk`egchs bg obgjtobhb k bg vhekrgs*

Jgfhtovk #

Ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs skj ocprgioshs y vhfhs% pkr ek qug rgsueth cuy boaãioe k ocpkso`eg skcgtgrehs h prug`h* Hbgcès% ikj eh gxigpioùj projiophe bg Pkfgrs% ge cï# tkbk iogjtãaoik gs% pkr ek fgjgrhe% bgdhbk bg ehbk k rgimhzhbk> gstk pugbg sgr bg`obk he ïjahsos gj eh su`dgtovobhb y h qug eh ojvgstofhioùj ikjtrkehbh sg ikjsobgrh hrtoaoiohe*

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Yg bgsiro`g ge ikcpkrthcogjtk muchjk% gspgiohecgjtg eks hspgitks su`dgtovks% pgrk% gj fgjgrhe% jk sg obgjtoaoihj y+k prgioshj ehs vhroh`egs qug ek ikjtrkehj* Hsã% sg boig qug eh tgjbgjioh h eh hutkrrgheozhioùj gstè gj eh `hsg bge bgshrrkeek bge ikcpkrthcogjtk% pgrk jk sg gspgioaoih gj quï ikjsostg gxhithcgjtg jo iùck kpgrh phrh ojaeuor sk`rg eh ikjbuith* Rhcpkik sg gxpeoih iuèegs skj ehs vhroh`egs rgspkjsh`egs bg ehs pgrigpiokjgs

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su`dgtovhs% pgrigpiokjgs qug sg ikjsobgrhj bgtgrcojhjtgs bge ikcpkrthcogjtk* Yg igjtrhj gj eh gxpgrogjioh ikjsiogjtg ikck bgtgrcojhjtg bg eh ikjbuith muchjh y rgegfhj ktrks cuimks ahitkrgs -`okeùfoiks% sotuhiokjhegs% ikjboiokjgs bg hprgjbozhdg% cktovks ojikjsiogjtgs/* Bg gstg ckbk% ge gjakqug agjkcgjkeùfoik gs ojsuaoiogjtg phrh gxpeoihr eh ikcpegdobhb bg eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche* Hbgcès% eh bgsgjahtozhioùj bg gsks ktrks ahitkrgs pugbg ikjbuior h eh hpeoihioùj bg uj trhthcogjtk cgjks gaoihz*

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Eh rhzùj sg su`krbojh he sgjtocogjtk % sg `usih ge ikjkiocogjtk h trhvïs bg eh gxpgrogj# ioh su`dgtovh y sg rgegfh ge hjèeosos rhiokjhe* Gstk pugbg mhigr cès boaãioe gjikjtrhr ujh skeuioùj phrh cuimks prk`egchs y mhigr cès prk`h`eg qug eks gagitks tgrhpïutoiks ikj# sgfuobks sghj tgcpkrhegs*

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Eks trhthcogjtks agjkcgjkeùfoiks% gspgiohecgjtg eks `hshbks gj eh rgehioùj% skj vhfks y pkik rgheosths* Hbgcès% hefujks mhj pugstk gj bubh qug uj tgrhpguth pugbh sgr rghecgjtg gcpètoik y qug jk duzfug y sgh jk borgitovk* Gs cuy pkso`eg qug ge rg# akrzhcogjtk pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguthgsgjiohecgjtg -gxprgsokjgs ahiohegs% corhbhs% htgjioùj sgegito# vh/ g ojieusksutoe ge ckbgehbk ikjtro`uyhj h eh ikjsgiuioùj bge ihc`ok pkr phrtg bg eks ieogjtgs* \hrharhsghjbk h uj phiogjtg bg \ghres4 "»Wstgb jks mh mgimk bgs# iu`rorjks k jks mgcks hbhpthbk h ustgb;"*

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Gxostgj pkiks gstuboks ikjtrkehbks sk`rg eh gaoihioh bg ehs tgrhpohs agjkcgjkeùfoihs* Pgspgitk h eh cès ojvgstofhbh% eh bg Pkfgrs% gs cès gaoihz qug ge jk trhthcogjtk y phrgig qug ehs ikjboiokjgs bg hutgjtoiobhb% gcphtãh y higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjboiokjhe skj ahi# tkrgs ocpkrthjtgs ikrrgehiokjhbks ikj ge ïxotk bg eh tgrhpoh% pgrk jk phrgig qug pkr sã sk# eks sghj suaoiogjtgs* Ge rgstk bg ehs tgrhpohs agjkcgjkeùfoihs jk mh sobk ihso ojvgstofhbk k iuhjbk ek mh sobk% ge jôcgrk bg gstuboks gs pgqugøk y eh gaoihioh gs rgehtovhcgjtg `hdh

O\IY # 02

-tgrhpoh fgsthet/ k ckbgrhbh -hjèeosos trhjshiiokjhe/* #

Eks irotgroks bg ïxotk tgrhpïutoik sg bgaojgj gj tïrcojks bg hutkrrgheozhioùj% irgio# cogjtk% hutgjtoiobhb% gti* qug skj cuy boaãioegs bg kpgrhtovozhr* Hbgcès% cuimks bg eks bhtks bg trhthcogjtk togjbgj h `hshrsg projiophecgjtg gj hutkojakrcgs bg aoh`oeobhb y vheobgz bgsikjkiobhs*

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Bhbh eh jhturhegzh ojtrkspgitovh bg gstks ckbgeks% su hpeoih`oeobhb ieãjoih sg eocoth h hqugeehs pgrskjhs ikj jovge ojtgegituhe y skiokiueturhe suaoiogjtgs ikck phrh pkbgr eegvhr h ih`k hjèeosos ojtrkspgitovks* Yg skspgimh qug su vhekr gs cãjock k juek ikj pso#

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iùtoiks% joøks% rgtrhshbks cgjthegs y pgrskjhs `hdk gstrïs ojtgjsk* Eks frupks bg irgiocogjtk h ikrtk pehzk% `hshbks gj eks cïtkbks agjkcgjkeùfoiks y igjtrhbks gj eks sgjtocogjtks y eh gxpgrogjioh y jk gj eh rhzùj% pugbgj tgjgr gagitks jg# fhtovks mhsth gj ge =' bg eks phrtoiophjtgs * Gstk gs cès prk`h`eg gj pgrskjhs qug yh grhj ojgsth`egs he ojoiok% ek qug ojboih eh ocpkrthjioh bg ujh `ugjh sgegiioùj bg eks ieogjtgs*

CKBGEKY YOYRÏCOIKY Pgprgsgjthbks pkr hutkrgs ikck Vhtzehwoin% Cojuimoj% Mhegy y Ygevojo#\hehzzkeo% ehs ihrhi# tgrãstoihs bg gstks ckbgeks skj ehs sofuogjtgs4 #

Gjahtozhj ge phpge bg eks sostgchs ojtgrpgrskjhegs* \hrh gjtgjbgr eh ikjbuith y eh gx# pgrogjioh bg uj cogc`rk bg uj sostgch -p*gd*% eh ahcoeoh/% mhy qug ikjsobgrhr ehs bge rg# stk bg sus cogc`rks* Ygfôj Agoxhs y Corù -8??9/% uj sostgch gs uj ikjdujtk bg gegcgj# tks bojècoihcgjtg gstruiturhbks% iuyh tktheobhb fgjgrh ujhs prkpogbhbgs qug% gj phrtg% skj ojbgpgjbogjtgs bg hqugeehs qug pksggj sus gegcgjtks pkr sgphrhbk * \kr thjtk% phrh ikcprgjbgr uj sostgch% mhy qug ikjsobgrhr sus gegcgjtks% ehs prkpogbhbgs y ikcpkrth# cogjtk bg gstks% eh ojtgrhiioùj gjtrg eks coscks y ehs prkpogbhbgs bg eh tktheobhb*

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Eks sostgchs% thegs ikck ehs ahcoeohs y eks frupks% togjgj vhrohs prkpogbhbgs4 )

Yostgch h`ogrtk* Ge sostgch gs h`ogrtk gj thjtk ojtgrihc`oh ojakrchioùj ikj ge cg# bok* Hbgcès% ehs jkrchs bg aujiokjhcogjtk bge sostgch skj gj phrtg ojbgpgjbogjtgs bg ehs qug rofgj ge ikcpkrthcogjtk bg ihbh cogc`rk*

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Gstruiturh* Ojieuyg4 h/ Ge frhbk bg iehrobhb% boausoùj k rofobgz bg eks eãcotgs gjtrg eks cogc`rks bge sostgch> gstg sg ikcpkjg bg vhroks su`sostgchs -chrobk#gspksh% phbrg#modk% mgrchjks/ gjtrg eks qug gxostgj eãcotgs cès k cgjks bgaojobks qug pug# bgj sgr boausks% iehrks k rãfobks* Eks su`sostgchs aujbhcgjthegs skj ge ikjyufhe% ge phrgjthe -qug pugbg ojieuor h hefôjujh h`ugek k modk -quoïj ikj aujiokjgs phrgjthegs/ ge bg mgrchjks* `/ Geeegfhr frhbkh gj qug gxostg dgrhrquãh gstè h ihrfk bg quoïjy y bg quï/* i/ Ge frhbk bg boagrgjiohioùj k cgbobh gj qug eks cogc`rks bge sostgch togjgj obgjtobhbgs sgphrhbhs soj bgdhr bg chjtgjgr ge sgjtobk bge sostgch ikck uj tkbk* . Eks eãcotgs skj ehs rgfehs qug bgaojgj quogj phrtoioph ikj quoïj y gj quï topk bg sotuhiokjgs y quoïj gs gxieuobk bg gstg topk bg sotuhiokjgs* \kr gdgcpek% eks jo# øks jk bg`gj phrtoiophr gj ehs bosiusokjgs bg eks phbrgs% eks modks chykrgs togjgj iogrtks bgrgimks jgfhbks h eks cès pgqugøks% gti*

O\IY # 07

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Eh trohjfuehioùj gs uj topk bg bosaujioùj hskiohbh ikj eh gstruiturh ahcoeohr* Ikjsostg gj ojtgjthr gjchsihrhr eks ikjaeoitks gjtrg bks pgrskjhs ojvkeuirhjbk h ujh tgrigrh% bg ckbk qug ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg gsth% gspgiohecgjtg sus prk`eg# chs% sg ikjvogrtgj gj ge akik bg eh ojtgrhiioùj* Hsã% ujh phrgdh ikj boaoiuethbgs chtrockjohegs pugbg igjtrhrsg gj hefôj trhstkrjk bg su modk -prk`egchs gj eh gs# iugeh% brkfhboiioùj/ gj vgz bg gj sus prk`egchs chrothegs*

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Eh ikheoioùj gs ktrk topk bg bosaujioùj y ikjsostg gj ujh ujoùj gjtrg bks cogc# `rks bg ujh ahcoeoh gj ikjtrh bg uj tgrigrk> pkr gdgcpek% prkfgjotkr g modk ikjtrh

ge ktrk prkfgjotkr* Ojtgrbgpgjbgjioh* Eks cogc`rks bg uj sostgch sg ojaeuygj cutuhcgjtg h trhvïs bg ehs phuths bg ojtgrhiioùj gxostgjtgs y% gj ikjirgtk% cgbohjtg cgihjoscks bg rgtrkh# eocgjthioùj pksotovh -ahioeothbkrh/ y jgfhtovh -ikrrgitkrh/* Yg ikjsobgrh qug gxostgj rgehiokjgs jk bg ihusheobhb eojghe% sojk bg ojaeugjioh rgiãprkih k ihusheobhb ioriuehr -eh ikjbuith bg H bgpgjbg bg eh bg @ y voigvgrsh/* \kr gdgcpek% eh ihphiobhb bg ojo# iohtovh bg @ ahvkrgig eh phsovobhb bg H y gsth phsovobhb rgaugrzh eh tkch bg ojoiohto# vhs pkr phrtg bg @*

Pgfuehioùj* Eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj qug gxostgj gj eks sostgchs togjbgj h sgr cuy gsth`egs y prgbgio`egs* Hbgcès% sg bh ujh tgjbgjioh he gquoeo`rok* Eks sostgchs togjgj ujks cgihjoscks qug rgfuehj y chjtogjgj eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj% bg ckbk qug sg chxocozhj ehs pkso`oeobhbgs bg qug ge sostgch sg chjtgjfh* Iuhequogr ihc`ok pgrio`obk qug hcgjhig he sostgch ojtgjthrè sgr jgutrheozhbk% yh sgh hi# tuhjbk sk`rg eh pgrskjh bgsvohbh phrh qug sg hbhptg bg jugvk yh sgh rgegfèjbkeh k gxpuesèjbkeh yh sgh cgbohjtg ihc`oks ikcpgjshtkroks pkr phrtg bg ktrk u ktrks cogc`rks bge sostgch* Yupkjfhcks qug ujh cudgr irotoih he chrobk pkr su pkih ikcujoihioùj hjtg ek iuhe eh rgspugsth jkrche bg gstg gs rgtrhgrsg hôj cès* Yo gj hefujh kihsoùj ïe gxpekth boiogjbk qug jk quogrg mh`ehr pkrqug eg prgkiuphj ikshs bg su trh`hdk% eh cudgr qug supugsthcgjtg qugrãh gstocuehr eh ikcujoihioùj pugbg ikjtgsthreg qug sùek pogjsh gj su trh`hdk* Gstg ikcgjthrok pkbrãh tgjgr eh aujioùj bg rgsth`egigr ge gquoeo`rok4 chjtgjocogjtk bg eh bosthjioh y jovge `hdk bg ojtocobhb gj eh rgehioùj* -Iehrk% qug eh cudgr thc`oïj pkbrãh qugrgr mh`ehr bg ktrhs ikshs qug jk augrhj ge trh`hdk*/

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Hbhpthioùj k ihc`ok* Yg rgaogrg he frhbk gj qug ge sostgch pugbg ihc`ohr y bgs# hrrkeehr uj jugvk gquoeo`rok gj rgspugsth h irosos k rgtks h su gsth`oeobhb4 jhiocogjtk bg uj joøk% h`hjbkjk bge mkfhr pkr phrtg bg uj modk% cugrtg bge iùjyufg% gjtrhbh gj eh hbkegsigjioh% pïrbobh bge trh`hdk% bovkriok% gc`hrhzk bg eh modh hbkegsigjtg% gti*

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Eks cogc`rks bgtopk uj sostgch sg ikcujoihj gjtrg sã y sg mhj bostoj# Ikcujoihioùj* fuobk vhroks projiopoks `èsoiks bg ikcujoihiokjhe4 .

Gs ocpkso`eg jk ikcujoihr* Gj uj ikjtgxtk bg ojtgrhiioùj skiohe iuhequogr ikjbuith -ojieuobk ge soegjiok/ ikcujoih hefk* Gj ehs sotuhiokjgs gj ehs qug ujk jk quogrg ikcujoihrsg pugbgj hphrgigr tïijoihs bg bgsiheoaoihioùj k rgiursks phrh ikcujoihr soj ikcujoihr -ikjtrhbgiorsg% ihc`ohr ikjtojuhcgjtg bg tgch% pgrbgrsg gj iugstokjgs thjfgjiohegs% mh`ehr bg uj ckbk ksiurk% fgjgrhr chegj# tgjbobks% jk hih`hr ehs arhsgs/ y sãjtkchs ikck ikcprkcosk -aojfor k hutkikj# vgjigrsg bg bgaoiogjiohs qug ocpkso`oeothj eh ikcujoihioùj4 sugøk% skrbgrh k bgsikjkiocogjtk bge obokch gj ujh ikjvgrshioùj jkrche/*

O\IY # 01

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Gj tkbh ikcujoihioùj pugbgj bostojfuorsg hspgitks bg ikjtgjobk% fgjgrhecgjtg gxprgshbks pkr cgboks vgr`hegs% y hspgitks rgehiokjhegs% eks iuhegs vogjgj bgao# jobks jkrchecgjtg pkr ge ikcpkrthcogjtk jk vgr`he -tkjk bg vkz% fgstks% gti*/> soj gc`hrfk% eh rgehioùj pugbg vgjor thc`oïj bgaojobh pkr ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eh sotuhioùj y pkr iogrtks ikjtgjobks vgr`hegs -p*gd*% bgior qug sg vh h ikjthr uj imostg phrh ojboihr qug ge cgjshdg jk vh gj sgrok/* Eks hspgitks rgehiokjhegs iheo# aoihj eh ojakrchioùj gxprgshbh gj ge ikjtgjobk bge cgjshdg*

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Eh ojikjfrugjioh gjtrg eks bks jovgegs bg ikcujoihioùj -bg ikjtgjobk y rgeh# iokjhe/ bh qug eufhrsg hegcgjshdgs ckbk arãk quogrg* phrhbùdoiks* \kr gdgcpek% bgioreg h hefuogj bg uj

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Eh jhturhegzh bg ujh rgehioùj bgpgjbg bg eh pujtuhioùj bg ujh sgrog bg gvgjtks rgpgtotovks -quoïj mhig quï% h quoïj% gj rgspugsth h quï/* Yg bgjkco# jh pujtuhioùj h eh akrch bg krfhjozhr eks mgimks phrh qug akrcgj ujh sgiugj# ioh krbgjhbh* Eh aheth bg hiugrbk rgspgitk h eh akrch bg pujtuhr eks mgimks gs ujh ihush argiugjtg bg ikjaeoitks* \kr gdgcpek% uj chrobk pugbg haorchr qug su rgtrhocogjtk gs bg`obk h eks ikjtojuks hthqugs bg su cudgr% cogjtrhs qug gsth gx# peoih sus irãtoihs gj aujioùj bg eh phsovobhb bg chrobk -gs pkso`eg hquã qug mhyh ujh ihusheobhb ioriuehr/* K `ogj% uj hbkegsigjtg boig jk gstubohr `himoeegrhtk pkrqug sus phbrgs eg k`eofhj% cogjtrhs qug gstks pogjshj qug gs uj vhfk*

. Ehs rgehiokjgs pugbgj sgr socïtroihs k ikcpegcgjthrohs* Ehs procgrhs sg `hshj gj eh ofuhebhb gj eh ikjbuith bg ojtgrhiioùj> iuhequogrh bg eks phrtoiophj# tgs pugbg% pkr gdgcpek% bhr uj ikjsgdk k akrcuehr ujh irãtoih* Ehs sgfujbhs skj hqugeehs gj ehs qug ujh pksoioùj frhj boagrgjioh eh ikjbuith rgiãprkih bg`obkehsh qug uj cogc`rk gstèmhy gj ujh supgrokrgjrgspgitk he ktrk> pkr gdgcpek% rgehiokjgs gjtrg prkagskr#heucjk y phbrgs#modks pgqugøks* Cuimks ikjaeoitks rgehiokjhegs gstèj `hshbks gj qug uj phrtoiophjtg jk higpth ge topk bg rgeh# ioùj qug quogrg ge ktrk* .

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\htrkjgs jgfhtovks bg ikcujoihioùj skj4 h/ iuephr y irotoihr soj vgr eh prkpoh rgspkjsh`oeobhb y+k soj cktovhioùj phrh ihc`ohr ehs ikshs> `/ ―hbovojhr– eks pgj# shcogjtks bg eks ktrks y hituhr gj ikjsgiugjioh soj prgfujthregs ek qug pogjshj y sogjtgj> i/ mhigr haorchiokjgs ojikcpegths -p*gd*% "gstky gjahbhbk"/ soj gspgioao# ihr pkr quï> b/ tkchr eks gvgjtks ckboaoih`egs ikck so jk ek augrhj -"jk pugbk ekfrhr qug cos modks cg rgspgtgj"/> g/ sk`rgfgjgrheozhr -" jujih pugbk ikjsgfuor hefk qug vhefh eh pgjh"/*

Eks trhstkrjks psoikeùfoiks surfgj4 h/ iuhjbk hbhpthrsg he sostgch rgquogrg pgjshr% sgjtor y+k hituhr bg ujh chjgrh qug rgsueth pgrduboiohe phrh ujh pgrskjh% y `/ iuhjbk ujh pgrskjh ojtgjth ihc`ohr sus aujiokjgs k phuths bg ehs ojtgrhiioùj bgjtrk sostgch soj tgjgr pkbgr k ihphiobhb suaoiogjtg phrh vgjigr k skrtghr rgsostgjiohs bge bge sostgch*

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Ge cogc`rk bg eh ahcoeoh qug sgfôj gsth gs ge qug prgsgjth ge prk`egch -phiogjtg obgjto# aoihbk/ gs ikjsobgrhbk ikck ujh gxprgsoùj bg eh bosaujioùj bge sostgch ahcoeohr -hujqug ge prk`egch iucpeg ujh aujioùj bgjtrk bg eh eùfoih ojtgrjh bge sostgch/* Gj ikj# sgiugjioh% eh rgskeuioùj bge prk`egch ocpeoih ihc`oks gj ge sostgch y jk socpegcgj# tg ujh ckboaoihioùj borgith bg ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs*

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Eh tgrhpoh gjahtozh ge prgsgjtg y sugeg sgr `rgvg* \kr ek fgjgrhe% jk phsh bg 0< sgsokjgs rgphrtobhs h ek ehrfk bg uj cèxock bg 0 høks*

O\IY # 06

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Yg rgikjkig eh ocpkrthjioh bg eh ikrboheobhb y gcphtãh pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth% ujobhs% pkr ek fgjgrhe% h uj gstoek borgitovk pkr phrtg bg gstg*

Pkbrãfugz y @gyg`him -8??2/ mhj sgøhehbk qug gj ehs ikjigpiokjgs sostïcoihs trhboiokjhegs sg ikjsobgrh h eh ahcoeoh ikck ge sostgch y h ehs pgrskjhs ikck gegcgjtks bge cosck* Yoj gc`hr# fk% thc`oïj pugbg ikjsobgrhrsg qug ieogjtg y tgrhpguth akrchj uj sostgch k qug ehs ikjbuiths bg ujh skeh pgrskjh k ojieusk eks sofjoaoihbks qug htro`uyg h hikjtgiocogjtks ikjirgtks pug# bgj ikjsobgrhrsg sostgchs gj sã coscks* Hsã% eh bgprgsoùj pugbg vgrsg ikck ge rgsuethbk bg ujh ojtgrhiioùj gj uj sostgch ojtgrpgrskjhe -eh bgprgsoùj bg ujh pgrskjh sg chjtogjg pkrqug sus ahco# eohrgs rgsugevgj tkbks sus prk`egchs eg mhigj sgjtorsg uj ojôtoe uj sostgch bg ikj# buithsegqug sg hutkpgrpgtôhj -eh pgrskjhy qug sg sogjtg bgprocobh jk/ ksgikck rgehiokjh ikj ktrks y eh boscojuioùj bg gstg ikjthitk skiohe eg mhig sgjtorsg cès trostg/* Gj hc`ks ihsks sg bh eh ihrhitg# rãstoih aujbhcgjthe bg eks sostgchs4 gjtgjbgr eks suigsks ikck krfhjozhbks gj prkigsks bg rgtrkh# eocgjthioùj rgiursovh* Gs ocpkrthjtg tgjgr gj iugjth qug hujqug gstks gjakqugs sg mhj gspgioheozhbk gj ge trhth# cogjtk bg ahcoeohs y phrgdhs% gxostgj thc`oïj ktrks ckbks bg h`krbhr gstks prk`egchs -bo# jècoiks% ikjbuituhegs y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs/ qug pugbgj sgr ojtgfrhbks k jk ikj eh pgrspgito# vh sostïcoih* \ugbgj bostojfuorsg vhrohs gsiugehs sostïcoihs4 eh gsiugeh ojtgrhiiokjhe bge CPO -Cgjthe Pgsghrim Ojstotutg% rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Vhtzehwoin% Vghnehjb% Aosim/% eh gsiugeh gs# truiturhe+gstrhtïfoih -rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Cojuimoj% Mhegy% Hpkjtg% Aosmchj% Ckj# thevk/% eh gsiugeh bg Coeèj -rgprgsgjthbh pkr hutkrgs ikck Ygevojo#\hehzzkeo% @ksikek% Igiimoj y \rhth/ y ge gjakqug giksostïcoik -Bg Ymhzgr/* Ehs ojaeugjiohs rgiãprkihs gjtrg gsths gsiugehs mhj sobk cuy argiugjtgs*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks sostïcoiks \ksotovk #

Ïjahsos gj eks ahitkrgs ojtgrpgrskjhegs y skiohegs* Ehs vhroh`egs aosokeùfoihs% psoikeùfo# ihs ojtgrjhs y bg hprgjbozhdg trhthj bg tgjgrsg gj iugjth% pgrk bgsbg eh pgrspgitovh bge sostgch ojtgrpgrskjhe y skiohe gj ge qug sg gjiugjtrh eh pgrskjh*

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Jugvhs pgrspgitovhs gj ge trhthcogjtk bg phrgdhs y ahcoeohs* Eks gjakqugs sostïcoiks sg mh hpeoihbk h prk`egchs gj eh hbkegsigjioh -bgeojiugjioh% gsquozkargjoh ojiopogjtg% brkfhboiioùj/% trhstkrjks ojahjtoegs gj fgjgrhe y prk`egchs psoikskcètoiks -boh`gtgs% hs# ch% hjkrgxoh/*

Jgfhtovk # Eh psoiktgrhpoh sostïcoih jk sg bgrovh cès qug ojborgithcgjtg% gj ge cgdkr bg eks ihsks% bg eh ojvgstofhioùj `èsoih* #

Eh hituhioùj sk`rg eks phtrkjgs bg ojtgrhiioùj jk gs suaoiogjtg gj cuimks ihsks* Eh oc# pkrthjioh bg eks ahitkrgs ojbovobuhegs jk pugbg sgr sksehyhbh*

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Yg gjahtozh cuimhs vgigs ge phpge bge sostgch ahcoeohr y sg kevobhj ktrks sostgchs qug pugbgj sgr thjtk k cès ocpkrthjtgs% thegs ikck ge frupk eh`krhe% ge frupk bg hbkegsigj#

O\IY # 0=

tgs% ujh sgith% gti* #

Hujqug gstuboks jk gxpgrocgjthegs sufogrgj eh gaoihioh bg ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs sostïcoihs% gxostgj pkihs ojvgstofhiokjgs ikjtrkehbhs*

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Yg mh boimk qug ge gstoek sostïcoik bg tgrhpoh gs chjopuehbkr k bosthjtg* Wjh pgrspgi# tovh hetgrjhtovh gj ge procgr ihsk gs qug ge tgrhpguth bg`g sgr borgitovk phrh ikjsgfuor ge ihc`ok y hbgcès bospkjg bg pkik togcpk hjtgs bg qugbhr prosokjgrk bge sostgch* Gj ge sgfujbk ihsk% ek qug suigbg h vgigs socpegcgjtg gs qug eks tgrhpguths jk bgsghj ocpeo# ihrsg gj eh ahcoeoh phrh jk pgrbgr eh k`dgtovobhb y eh ihphiobhb bg prkbuior ihc`ok*

CKBGEKY IKJBWIRWHEGY _ IKFJOROQK#IKJBWIRWHEGY Pgprgsgjthbks pkr hutkrgs ikck Ynojjgr% Nhzboj% Vkepg% Chrns% Gysgjin% Phimchj% @gin% Geeos% Cgoimgj`huc% @hjburh% Iehrn y Yhenkvsnos% ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg eks ckbgeks skj ehs so# fuogjtgs4

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Yg supkjg qug eh chykr phrtg bg ehs ikjbuiths ikjsobgrhbhs ojhbgiuhbhs sg hbquog# rgj% chjtogjgj y ihc`ohj sgfôj eks coscks projiopoks qug rgfuehj ehs ikjbuiths ikjsobgrhbhs hbgiuhbhs* Rhjtk ujhs ikck ktrhs skj projiophecgjtg% hujqug jk gxieuso# vhcgjtg% ujh ikjsgiugjioh bg eh mostkroh bg hprgjbozhdg* -Ge hprgjbozhdg sg ikjio`g gj uj sgjtobk hcpeok g ojieuyg ge ikjboiokjhcogjtk ieèsoik y kpgrhjtg% ge ckbgehbk% eh trhjscosoùj bg ojakrchioùj y eks prkigsks ikfjotovks ocpeoihbks*/ )

Jk tkbhs ehs ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs rgsuethj `èsoihcgjtg bg uj hprgjbozhdg* Yg togjbg h ikjsobgrhr eks trhstkrjks psoiùtoiks% ge hutosck% ge trhstkrjkhujqug chjãhik# bgprgsovk y ge rgtrhskqug cgjthe togjgj ocpkrthjtgs bgtgrcojhjtgs krfèjoiks% eks ahitkrgs hc`ogjthegs thc`oïj ojaeuygj* Gsths hetgrhiokjgs jk pugbgj sgr ―iurhbhs– pkr eh tgrhpoh ikjbuituhe k ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe -RII h phrtor bg hmkrh phrh bgjk# cojhr h hc`hs tgrhpohs/% pgrk gsth pugbg hyubhr bgjtrk bg ujks eãcotgs h ehs pgrskjhs hagithbhs*

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Hujqug sg bh uj cgjkr prkthfkjosck h eks ahitkrgs fgjïtoiks y krfèjoiks% jk sg eks ofjkrh gj h`skeutk* Yu ojaeugjioh gs vosth `ogj ikck ujh eocothioùj gstruiturhe sk`rg eh iuhe kpgrhj eks ahitkrgs bg hprgjbozhdg gj eh bgtgrcojhioùj bg eh ikjbuith `ogj ikck ujh prgbospksoioùj h iogrths akrchs bg rghiiokjhr qug ojtgrhitôh ikj ehs gxpgrogjiohs bg hprgjbozhdg*

Yg ikjsobgrh qug eh chykr phrtg bg ehs ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs -y ehs hbgiuhbhs thc`oïj/ pugbgj sgr ckboaoihbhs h trhvïs bg eh hpeoihioùj bg projiopoks psoikeùfo# iks% gspgiohecgjtg eks bge hprgjbozhdg* Gstk jk quogrg bgior qug gj tkbks eks ihsks pug# bhj ckboaoihbhs tg sgsgr bospkjg gj RII*gj eh gxtgjsoùj bgsghbh% he cgjks ikj ehs tïijoihs bg qug hituhecgj# )

Gj hefujks phiogjtgs ikj bgtgrcojhbks trhstkrjks -p*gd*% hjsogbhb% bgprgsoùj ujopk# ehr jk psoiùtoih% bgpgjbgjioh bg susthjiohs/ pugbg sgr ikjvgjogjtg eh ikc`ojhioùj bg eh RII ikj eh tgrhpoh ahrchikeùfoih* Gj ktrks trhstkrjks -p*gd*% gsquozkargjoh irùjoih% trhstkrjk `opkehr% trhstkrjk bg bïaoiot bg htgjioùj ikj mopgrhitovobhb/% ge trh# thcogjtk ikc`ojhbk gs iehrhcgjtg ge cès gaoihz y soj eh cgboihioùj% eks gagitks bg eh RII sgrãhj jueks k egvgs*

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Aojhecgjtg% gxostgj hetgrhiokjgs -p*gd*% bgprgsoùj psoiùtoih/ phrh ehs qug jk gxostg

O\IY # 0?

bkiucgjthioùj sk`rg eh utoeobhb bg eh RII y phrh eks qug eh ahrchiktgrhpoh phrgig sgr ge trhthcogjtk h gegfor% he cgjks ikck ojtgrvgjioùj projiophe*

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Ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs y eks prkigbocogjtks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj skj gcpãroihcgjtg gvheuhbks% gs bgior% sg vhekrh su hbgiuhioùj k gaoihioh utoeozhjbk ujh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtãaoih -bg topk gxpgrocgjthe iuhjbk gs pkso`eg/* )

\kr ek qug sg rgaogrg he trhthcogjtk% eh chykr phrtg bg eks prkigbocogjtks utoeozhbks gj RII togjgj ujh `hsg gcpãroih rgehtovhcgjtg sùeobh% hujqug ehs prug`hs phrh ktrks -p*gd*% bgtgjioùj bge pgjshcogjtk% hefujhs tïijoihs bg ikjboiokjhcogjtk gjiu`ogrtk/ skj tkbhvãh bï`oegs% iehrk gstè%bggjeksrgagrgjioh h prk`egchs bgtgrcojhbks yh ktrks hspgitks ikck sogcprg% ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs ieogjtgs* Jk pugbg mh`ehrsg bg eh gaoih# ioh bg uj prkigbocogjtk gj fgjgrhe*

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Eh prkpoh prèitoih ieãjoih prkpkriokjh obghs phrh rgaojhr y cgdkrhr eks prkigbocogj# tks gcpãroihcgjtg gvheuhbks> gsths obghs skj thc`oïj skcgtobhs h prug`h* \kr ktrh phrtg% burhjtg eh prèitoih ieãjoih bg`gj tkchrsg bgiosokjgs ikj rgehioùj h hspgitks qug jk mhj sobk ojvgstofhbks k jk ek mhj sobk suaoiogjtgcgjtg> gj gstks ihsks% ujk bg`g `hshrsg gj su prkpoh gxpgrogjioh k gj eh bg ktrks*

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Hujqug eh RII sg ihrhitgrozh pkr ge gcpegk bg ujh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtãaoih gj ge gs# tubok y ihc`ok bg eh ikjbuith muchjh% `hsthjtgs ojvgstofhiokjgs prgsgjthj bgao# iogjiohs cgtkbkeùfoihs ocpkrthjtgs> pkr gdgcpek% bosgøks ojhbgiuhbks% ikjausoùj gjtrg tgrhpguths y trhthcogjtks% ojtgrvgjiokjgs ikcphrhbhs jk ofuhecgjtg irgã`egs% gvheuhbkrgs y+k tgrhpguths jk iogfks h ehs mopùtgsos bg ojvgstofhioùj% aheth bg ikjtrke bg eh ojtgfrobhb bg ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs y hjèeosos gsthbãstoiks ojhprkpohbks*

Eh gvheuhioùj gj RII -gvheuhioùj ikjbuituhe/ vh borofobh h gspgioaoihr iehrhcgjtg ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs -pkr gxigsk k pkr bgagitk/ bge ieogjtg y ehs vhroh`egs -hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsgiugjiohs pgrskjhegs y hc`ogjthegs% ihrhitgrãstoihs pgrskjhegs gsth`egs/ qug ehs rgfuehj* )

\kr ikjbuith sg gjtogjbg iuhequogr hitovobhb cktkrh% ikfjotovh% hutùjkch k gck# iokjhe qug sgh gspgioaoih`eg y cgjsurh`eg -jk togjg pkr quï sgr pô`eoihcgjtg k`sgr# vh`eg/* Yoj gc`hrfk% gxostgj gj gstg pujtk bovgrfgjiohs gjtrg eks tgrhpguths bg ikj# buith* Wjks pogjshj qug ehs ikfjoiokjgs dugfhj uj phpge ocpkrthjtg yh sgh ikck prk`egchs -k`sgsokjgs% hutkirãtoih pgrsostgjtg/ k ikck ahitkrgs gxpeoihtovks bg ikj# buiths prk`egcètoihs* Gj ihc`ok% eks qug trh`hdhj bgjtrk bge gjakqug bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk sg ikjigjtrhj jkrchecgjtg gj eh ikjbuith chjoaogsth y gj eks bgtgrcojhjtgs hc`ogjthegs% gj vgz bg gj eks agjùcgjks ojtgrjks*

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Rhc`oïj sg gxpekrhj eks rgiursks% ikcpgtgjiohs y eocothiokjgs bge ieogjtg y sg k`# togjg ojakrchioùj bg bovgrshs -ahcoeohr% skiohe% èrghs bg aãsoik% su vobhgti*/* phshbh y prgsgjtg eh`krhe% sgxuhe% phrgdh% sheub% hc`ogjtg Jk sg ojtgjth hsofjhr ihtgfkrãhs bohfjùstoihs h ehs pgrskjhs -hujqug pugbg mhigrsg so sg bgsgh/% sojk sh`gr ek qug mhigj% sogjtgj y pogjshj gj sotuhiokjgs gspgiãaoihs y gsth`egigr ehs kpkrtujhs rgeh# iokjgs aujiokjhegs gjtrg ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs y ehs vhroh`egs qug ehs rgfuehj*

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Gj gvheuhioùj ikjbuituhe sg gjahtozhj eks bgtgrcojhjtgs hituhegs bg ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs% hujqug jk sg phshj pkr hetk eks bgtgrcojhjtgs mostùroiks* Yg ikjsobg# rh qug eh ojakrchioùj sk`rg ge phshbk bg ujh pgrskjh -ek iuhe jk quogrg bgior ujh gxpek# rhioùj bgtheehbh bg su ojahjioh/ pugbg pgrcotor ujh cgdkr ikcprgjsoùj bg sus prk`egchs hituhegs y pugbg kargigr ojboioks sk`rg eks ahitkrgs vofgjtgs qug gstèj ikjtrkehjbk eh

O\IY # 9<

ikjbuith* )

Yoj gc`hrfk% thc`oïj sg togjg gj iugjth qug ehs ikjboiokjgs qug chjtogjgj eh ikj# buith hituhe pugbgj sgr `hsthjtg boagrgjtgs bg hqugeehs qug bogrkj eufhr he sur# focogjtk bg eh ikjbuith* \kr gdgcpek% eks hthqugs bg pèjoik pugbgj surfor ahioeoth# bks pkr hikjtgiocogjtks gstrgshjtgs y eugfk chjtgjgrsg pkr ge cogbk h qug sg rgpo# thj* \kr ktrh phrtg% ge phshbk jk pugbg sgr rgikjstruobk ikj eh k`dgtovobhb jgigshroh y jk pugbg mhigrsg jhbh sk`rg eks bgtgrcojhjtgs phshbks bg ujh ikjbuith> sùek sg pugbg hituhr sk`rg eks bgtgrcojhjtgs hituhegs*

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Ikcprgjbgr gtokekfãhujbgihc`ok uj prk`egch psoikeùfoik sgr hôtoe% pgrk jk gs gsgjiohe phrh eh prkbuior ikjbuituhe -hujqug pugbg sã bg ihrh eh prgvgjioùj/* H eh ojvgrsh% ge ïxotk gj ihc`ohr ujh ikjbuith prk`egcètoih jk cugstrh qug eh gxpeo# ihioùj higrih bg su fïjgsos sgh ikrrgith*

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Gj aujioùj bg eh gvheuhioùj rgheozhbh% sg geh`krh uj prkfrhch bg ojtgrvgjioùj qug tgjfh gj iugjth ge prk`egch k prk`egchs gspgiãaoiks prgsgjthbks% ehs vhroh`egs qug eks ikjtrkehj y ehs ihrhitgrãstoihs bg ihbh ieogjtg -gbhb% jovge iueturhe% cktovhioùj% gxpgithtovhs/ y bg su cgbok* Gxostgj cuimhs tïijoihs bg RII qug pugbgj ikc`ojhrsg y vhrohrsg bg côetopegs akrchs phrh bgshrrkeehr bostojtks prkfrhchs bg ojtgrvgjioùj* \kr thjtk% jk gxostgj% gj projiopok% ojtgrvgjiokjgs gstèjbhr phrh prk`egchs gstèjbhr* Yoj gc# `hrfk% gj ehs ojvgstofhiokjgs sg utoeozhj ikj argiugjioh bosgøks gjtrg#frupks ikj ojtgr# vgjiokjgs prgaodhbhs y jk ojbovobuheozhbhs* Rhcpkik gs rhrk qug gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih cuimhs bgiosokjgs bg ojtgrvgjioùj sg `hsgj gj ckbgeks jkcktïtoiks bge prk`egch gj vgz bg gj hjèeosos aujiokjhegs obokfrèaoiks -Mhyjgs y K&@rogj% 8??
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Eh gvheuhioùj gs ujeksprkigsk ikjtojuk qug prksofug h ekk`tgjogjbk ehrfk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj y gj ge qug sg hjheozhj rgsuethbks phriohegs qug sg vhj y eh jugvh ojakr# chioùj qug pugbh or prkpkriokjhjbk ge ieogjtg -ojieuyïjbksg hquã eks jugvks prk# `egchs qug pugbh ikcujoihr/* )

Bg gstg hjèeosos bgpgjbgrè qug4 h/ Yg hbkptgj hiiokjgs ikrrgitkrhs iuhjbk eh ojtgr# vgjioùj jk sg rgheozh the ikck gsth`h pehjghbk* `/ Yg ckboaoqug eh ojtgrvgjioùj ihsk bg qug jk sg ikjsobgrg hbgiuhbh* i/ Yg rgikjsobgrgj k jk eks k`dgtovks h ekfrhr y eh gvheuhioùj ojoiohe bg eks prk`egchs bge ieogjtg*

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Eh gvheuhioùj jk tgrcojh ikj ge igsg bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj% sojk qug sg rgheozh thc`oïj bgspuïs bg phshr uj+ks iogrtk+s pgrokbk+s bg togcpk trhs eh aojheozhioùj bg gsth -sg# fuocogjtk/ phrh ikcprk`hr so sg chjtogjgj eks ekfrks heihjzhbks* Ge mgimk bg qug eh gvheuhioùj bge prkfrgsk tgjfh eufhr bg akrch ikjtojuh h ek ehrfk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj mh eegvhbk gj kihsokjgs h qug jk sg rgheoig ujh gvheuhioùj aojhe cès gxmhustovh bge prk`egch* Yoj gc`hrfk% gstk gs cuy rgikcgjbh`eg* \kr ktrh phrtg% gj eh prèitoih ieã# joih sgfuocogjtks ikj pkih rgfuehrobhb bg`obk h iugstokjgs bg togcpk pkr phrtgsgbgemhigj tgrhpguth*

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Ehs tïijoihs bg RII sg bgrovhj bg eks projiopoks tgùroiks y mheehzfks gcpãroiks bg eh psoikekfãh iogjtãaoih k% he cgjks% skj ikjfrugjtgs ikj geeks* )

Gstg ôetock chtoz gs cuy ocpkrthjtg pkr bks rhzkjgs4 h/ cuimhs tïijoihs togjgj prg# iurskrgs mostùroiks rgcktks y rgiogjtgs% hujqug% gsk sã% pkr ek fgjgrhe% cgjks sostg# chtozhbks y pgragiiokjhbks> `/ cuimhs tïijoihs bg`gj cès h eh gxpgrogjioh ieãjoih qug h eks ckbgeks tgùroiks y mheehzfks gxpgrocgjthegs bg eh psoikekfãh*

O\IY # 98

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Ge tgrhpguth bg ikjbuith gcpegh ge ikjkiocogjtk iogjtãaoik pgrtojgjtg ikc`ojhbk ikj sus gxpgrogjiohs pgrskjhegs y ikj o jakrchioùj qug jk mh sobk bgrovhbh bg eh psoikekfãh iogjtãaoih* H gstg rgspgitk% eh prèitoih ieãjoih y eh vobh iktobohjh gjsgøhj akrchs bg skeuiokjhr prk`egchs h vgigs cuimk cès ojfgjokshs qug ehs geh`krhbhs gj igjtrks bg ojvgstofhioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% gsths akrchs bg`grèj skcgtgrsg h prug`h*

Eh ojtgrvgjioùj sg borofg h prgvgjor% geocojhr k rgbuior ikjbuiths ojhbgiuhbhs y h gjsgøhr k pktgjiohr ikjbuiths hbgiuhbhs tgjogjbk gj iugjth ehs vhroh`egs qug ikj# trkehj gsths ikjbuiths* )

Cuimks hutkrgs mhj høhbobk hbgcès qug ehbgojtgrvgjioùj jk sg igjtrh gj -supugsths/ ihushs su`yhigjtgs* Hmkrh `ogj% bgpgjbg ek qug sg gjtogjbh pkr "ihushs su`yh# igjtgs"* Yo pkr gsths sg gjtogjbg ocpuesks rgprocobks% ikjaeoitks ojikjsiogjtgs y ktrhs vhroh`egs ojagrobhs ikj gsihsk k juek hjiehdg gcpãroik% gjtkjigs eh RII jk h`krbh ehs ihushs su`yhigjtgs* Hmkrh `ogj% so pkr ihushs su`yhigjtgs sg gjtogjbg ehs vhroh# `egs hituhegs qug rgfuehj eh ikjbuith% sghj gsths vhroh`egs hc`ogjthegs k pgrskjhegs -h ikjboioùj gj gstg ihsk bg qug gstïj hjiehbhs gj vhroh`egs hjtgigbgjtgs y ikjsg# iugjtgs k`dgtovhcgjtg k`sgrvh`egs/% gjtkjigs eh RII sã qug togjg gj iugjth ehs ihu# shs su`yhigjtgs* -Yoj gc`hrfk% eks sgfuobkrgs bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk togj# bgj h gvothr eks agjùcgjks ojtgrjks% ikfjotovks k `okeùfoiks*/

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Hsã pugs% eh ojtgrvgjioùj jk sg igjtrh ôjoihcgjtg gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs% sojk thc`oïj gj eks ahitkrgs hituhegs qug rgfuehj gsths ikjbuiths* Wjh ojtgrvgjioùj qug jk hetgrg ehs projiophegs vhroh`egs ikjtrkehbkrhs bg ujh ikjbuith sgrè prk# `h`egcgjtg ojgaoihz* \kr gdgcpek% so ujh pgrskjh `g`g gxigsovhcgjtg phrh ikjtrkehr su hjsogbhb skiohe y socpegcgjtg geocojhcks eh ikjbuith bg `g`gr cgbohjtg tgrhpoh hvgrsovh% gs cuy prk`h`eg rghphrgzih eh ikjbuith k qugujehojskcjok pgrskjh hiubh h ktrhs brkfhs k qug qug eocotg sus ikjthitks skiohegs*prk`egch Ofuhecgjtg% pugbg gsthr gj aujioùj bg uj cogbk h eh ksiurobhb y+k h eks ehbrkjgs> fgjgrhecgjtg% pkik sg ikjsgfuorè trhthjbk borgithcgjtg ge ojskcjok cgbohjtg rgehdhioùj so jk sg geocojhj eks cogbks cgbohjtg ktrks cïtkbks*

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Ehs cgths bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj y gsth cosch sg hiugrbhj cutuhcgjtg gjtrg tgrhpguth y ieogjtg -y+k eks tutkrgs k rgspkjsh`egs bg gstg/* )

Hujqug% gj fgjgrhe% eks k`dgtovks bg`gj sgr hikrbhbks ikj ge ieogjtg% ikjvogjg mhigr hefujhs chtozhiokjgs* K`dgtovks cuy htgckrozhjtgs jk togjgj pkr quï sgr cgjiok# jhbks bg gjtrhbh y ktrks k`dgtovks jk togjgj pkr quï sgr kpgrhiokjheozhbks ikj ge ph# iogjtg* \kr gdgcpek% pkbgcks ikcphrtor ikj ge ieogjtg ge k`dgtovk bg gegvhr ge gsthbk bg èjock% pgrk jk qug gstk sg bgtgrcojhrè shihjbk cgjks bg ujh pujtuhioùj ] gj uj iogrtk iugstokjhrok*

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Ehs cgths yjkgspgioaoihbhs* ikjsostgj gj Gj gjujiohbks y fgjgrhegs% sojk qug skjsgrãhj iehrhcgjtg bgaojobhs ge ihsk bgvhfks ujh bgprgsoùj% pkso`egs cgths ojirg# cgjthr ehs rgehiokjgs skiohegs y hitovobhbgs pehigjtgrhs y rgbuior sofjoaoihtovhcgjtg eks eekrks y eh pujtuhioùj gj uj tgst bg bgprgsoùj* Gxostgj ujhs cgths u k`dgtovks ao# jhegs phrh heihjzhr ehs iuhegs sg prkigbg h trhvïs bg ujh sgrog bg su`k`dgtovks thc# `oïj iehrhcgjtg gspgioaoihbks*

\kr ek fgjgrhe% eh ojtgrvgjioùj sg eegvh h ih`k% hjtgs k bgspuïs% gj ge hc`ogjtg jhtu# rhe gj ge qug kiurrgj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs k jk kiurrgj ehs ikjbuiths bg oj# tgrïs* Eh ojtgrvgjioùj pugbg hpeoihrsg gj ge hc`ogjtg jhturhe yh bgsbg ge projiopok> pkr gdgcpek% ge tgrhpguth sg bgspehzh he cgbok bge ieogjtg% sg utoeozhj phrhprkagsokjhegs -ph#

O\IY # 90

brgs% chgstrks% ahcoeohrgs% hcofks% ikcphøgrks% phrgdh% hsostgjtgs gj ojstotuiokjgs/ y+k sg gcpeghj tïijoihs bg hutkborgiioùj* \kr ktrk ehbk% eh ojtgrvgjioùj gj ge cgbok jhturhe pugbg or prgigbobh pkr k sgr socuethjghbh ikj ujh ojtgrvgjioùj gj hc`ogjtgs cès rgs# trojfobks -ikjsueth% mkspothe% ojstotuioùj/*

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Eks gagitks bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj skj gvheuhbks h trhvïs bg côetopegs ckbheobhbgs bg rgspugsth cgjsurh`eg -cktkrh% ikfjotovh% hutùjkch% gckiokjhe/ ’ikj phrtoiuehr ïjahsos gj eh ikjbuith chjoaogsth -h jk sgr qug ktrk topk bg ikjbuith sgh ge akik bg ojtgrïs/’ y bg côetopegs cïtkbks y augjtgs bg ojakrchioùj -gjtrgvosth% iugstokjhroks% hutkrrgfostrks% k`sgrvhbkrgs% pgrskjhs heegfhbhs% rgfostrks cgièjoiks/* Yg gjahtozh eh sofjoaoihioùj ieã# joih bge ihc`ok y eh fgjgrheozhioùj y chjtgjocogjtk bg gstg* Eks rgsuethbks bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj skj gvheuhbks gj tïrcojks bge ihc`ok ojoiohe ikj# sgfuobk% bg su fgjgrheozhioùj h ehs sotuhiokjgs pgrtojgjtgs bg eh vobh rghe y bg su chjtg# jocogjtk h ek ehrfk bge togcpk* -Ge trhthcogjtk ojieuyg ehs gstrhtgfohs kpkrtujhs phrh ah# vkrgigr gsth fgjgrheozhioùj y chjtgjocogjtk*/ Hbgcès% sg `usih gvheuhr so eks ihc`oks ikjsgfuobks ikj eh ojtgrvgjioùj skj ieãjoih k skiohecgjtg sofjoaoihtovks* Gs bgior% jk `hsth ikj ikjsgfuor ihc`oks gj ehs ikjbuiths prk`egcètoihs% sojk qug gstks ihc`oks bg# `gj sgr bg the chfjotub qug supkjfhj ujh rgskeuioùj k he cgjks ujh cgdkrh susthjiohe bg eks prk`egchs phrh eks qug sg mh hpeoihbk eh ojtgrvgjioùj*

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Eh RII supkjg eh ikeh`krhioùj y phrtoiophioùj hitovh bge ieogjtg gj eks prkigsks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj* Gstk ocpeoih pkr phrtg bge ieogjtg4 )

\hrtoiophr gj eh bosiusoùj y pkstgrokr hiugrbk sk`rg eh akrch bg ikjigptuheozhr sus prk`egchs% sk`rg eks k`dgtovks h heihjzhr y sk`rg eks cïtkbks bg ojtgrvgjioùj h

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sgfuor* Ikkpgrhr ikjsthjtgcgjtg gj ge prkigsk bg gvheuhioùj ikjtojuh -poïjsgsg% p*gd*% gj eks hutkrrgfostrks/ y gj ehs hitovobhbgs bg trhthcogjtk% yh sgh burhjtg eh sgsoùj k augrh bg geeh*

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Qhroh`egs ikck eh gbhb% bgshrrkeek ojtgegituhe% ekius bg ikjtrke y frhvgbhb bg eks prk`egchs% gjtrg ktrhs% bgtgrcojhj qug uj ieogjtg dugfug uj phpge cès k cgjks hito# vk gj eks prkigsks bg gvheuhioùj g ojtgrvgjioùj y qug ktrhs pgrskjhs -phbrgs% chgs# trks% ktrks rgspkjsh`egs/ tgjfhj uj phpge cès k cgjks prkcojgjtg gj gstks prkigsks*

Yg ikjsobgrh qug ujh rgehioùj pksotovh y bg ikjaohjzh gjtrg tgrhpguth y phiogjtg gs ujh ikjboioùj ocpkrthjtg% hujqug jk suaoiogjtg% phrh eh `ugjh chrimh bg eh ojtgr# vgjioùj y phrh eh ikjsgiuioùj bge ihc`ok ikjbuituhe* )

Bovgrsks gstuboks qug mhj ikcphrhbk eh akrch bg trh`hdhr bg tgrhpguths bg bostojths krogjthiokjgs jk-Ngodsgrs% mhj gjikjtrhbk ge topk rgehioùjbg qugikjbuith gsth`egigj ikj sus ieogjtgs Yimhhpboagrgjiohs y Mkkbfuoj%gjtrg 0<<
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Jhturhecgjtg% eh ocpkrthjioh bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg tgrhpguth y ieogjtg sg gxtogjbg thc# `oïj h eh rgehioùj bge tgrhpguth ikj hqugeehs pgrskjhs ikj ehs qug ojtgrhitôh gj ge ikjtgxtk bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj> pkr gdgcpek% eks rgspkjsh`egs bge ieogjtg iuhjbk gstg gs cgjkr bg gbhb k suarg hefôj topk bg ojihphiothioùj*

O\IY # 99

\ugbgj bostojfuorsg iuhtrk gjakqugs projiophegs bgjtrk bg eks ckbgeks ikjbuituhegs y ikf# jotovk#ikjbuituhegs4 h/ hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk -Ynojjgr/% `/ gjakqug jgkikjbuitosth cgboh# iokjhe -Vkepg/% i/ gjakqug ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe -@gin% Geeos% Cgoimgj`huc/% y b/ tgkrãh ikfjoto# vk#skiohe -@hjburh/* Gstks gjakqugs% h pgshr bg sus boagrgjiohs% jk gstèj jgigshrohcgjtg gj kpkso# ioùj ujks h ktrks y jk ikjstotuygj frupks igrrhbks> cuimks tgrhpguths bg ikjbuith jk pugbgj sgr gjiuhbrhbks bg akrch socpeg y gxieusovh gj jojfujk bg geeks* Ikjvogjg sgøhehr% pkr ktrh phrtg% qug h phrtor bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk sg mh bgshrrk# eehbk uj ckvocogjtk bgjkcojhbk ikjtgxtuheosck ’k hjèeosos ikjbuituhe ieãjoik’ qug boaogrg bge procgrk gj hefujks hspgitks* Ehujboagrgjioh aujbhcgjtheBgjtrk gstè gj bgshrrkeek tgrhpïutoik% gj ge iuhe eh ikjbuith vgr`he hbquogrg frhj prkthfkjosck* bgegeikjtgxtuheosck pugbgj bostoj# fuorsg eh tgrhpoh bg higpthioùj y ikcprkcosk bg Mhygs% eh psoiktgrhpoh hjheãtoih aujiokjhe bg Nkmegj`grf y Rsho% eh tgrhpoh bg ikjbuith boheïitoih bg Eojgmhj y eh tgrhpoh ojtgfrhbkrh bg phrgdh bg Dhik`skj -Qèzqugz% 0<<2/* Gsths tgrhpohs mhj sobk bgjkcojhbhs eh tgrigrh fgjgrhioùj bg eh tgrhpoh ikjbuituhe -eh procgrh sgrãh eh tgrhpoh ikjbuitosth y eh sgfujbh eh tgrhpoh ikfjoto# vk#ikjbuituhe/% eh iuhe bh ujh ocpkrthjioh aujbhcgjthe he ikjtgxtk gj ge qug kiurrg ge ikcpkr# thcogjtk y h ehs aujiokjgs bg gstg cès qug h su akrch k tkpkfrhaãh* Hsã% pkr gdgcpek% sgrãh cès ocpkrthjtg ikjsobgrhr eh aujioùj qug togjgj ujks pgjshcogjtks gj vgz bg su ikjtgjobk*

Qhekrhioùj bg eks ckbgeks ikjbuituhegs y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhegs \ksotovk #

Ïjahsos gj ehs gxpgrogjiohs bg hprgjbozhdg*

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Ikjigpioùj kptocosth sk`rg ehs pkso`oeobhbgs bg ihc`ok bg ehs pgrskjhs*

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@hdk k ckbgrhbk jovge bg h`strhiioùj gj sus akrcuehiokjgs % ek qug ahioeoth su gstubok iogjtãaoik*

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Ïjahsos gj eh ikcprk`hioùj gcpãroih bg ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs% bg eh aoh`oeobhb y vheobgz bg eks ojstrucgjtks bg gvheuhioùj y bg eh gaoihioh bg eks trhthcogjtks hpeoihbks* Eks ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe skj eks qug cès mhj ikjtro`uobk h eh ikj# sobgrhioùj bg ujh psoiktgrhpoh iogjtãaoih*

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Bgsiropioùj y sostgchtozhioùj bg frhj jôcgrk bg tïijoihs bg hcpeok usk*

Jgfhtovk #

Aheth bg uj chrik tgùroik iehrk y boagrgjiohbk* Pgsueth boaãioe gsth`egigr qug gs ek qug togjg bg gspgiãaoikqug ge ckbgek ikjbuituhe heeè bg su hbmgsoùj eh cgtkbkekfãh iogjtã# aoih% cgtkbkekfãh pugbg sgr utoeozhbh%cès jhturhecgjtg% pkr ktrks hgjakqugs*

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Ïjahsos ojdustoaoihbk gj qug eks projiopoks y tïijoihs gcpeghbks mhj sobk bgrovhbks bg eh psoikekfãh iogjtãaoih% iuhjbk% gj rgheobhb% cuimks bg geeks bg`gj cès h eh gxpg# rogjioh ieãjoih*

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Aheth bg rgikjkiocogjtk bg eks ahitkrgs ikfjksiotovks y su`dgtovks gj eks gjakqugs jk ikfjotovks*

O\IY # 92

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Yupgbothioùj bg eh gckioùj h eh ikfjoioùj gj eks gjakqugs ikfjotovks*

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Yg rgquogrg ujh cgdkr vheobhioùj bg eks prkigbocogjtks bg gvheuhioùj bg ehs ikfjo# iokjgs y qug gstks jk ikjsosthj sùek gj hutkojakrcgs*

AHIRKPGY BOAGPGJIOHEGY GJRPG EKY BOQGPYKY CKBGEKY BG OJRGPQGJIOÙJ Wjh bg ehs boagrgjiohs cès jkth`egs gjtrg eks bovgrsks ckbgeks gs ge jovge bg ojagrgjioh gc# peghbk h eh mkrh bg ojtgrprgthr y bhr sofjoaoihbk h eh ojakrchioùj k`tgjobh* Gstg jovge bg ojagrgj# ioh gs hetk gj eks ckbgeks psoikbojècoiks y agjkcgjkeùfoiks% ckbgrhbk k `hdk gj ge su`ckbgek ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe y `hdk gj ge su`ckbgek bge hjèeosos ikjbuituhe hpeoihbk -ikjbuitosth/* Yu# pkjfhcks qug sh`gcks ek sofuogjtg* Wj joøk pgqugøk eekrh augrtgcgjtg burhjtg uj iogrtk pgrokbk iuhjbk sg eg hiugsth gj su iujh ihbh jkimg* He ih`k bg iogrtk togcpk vhroh`eg% eh chbrg gjtrh gj ge iuhrtk% ek trhjquoeozh y ge joøk bgdh bg eekrhr* \kso`egs ojagrgjiohs h phrtor bg gsth ojakrchioùj sgrãhj ehs sofuogjtgs -@grjstgoj y Jogtzge% 8?=<+8?==/4 8* 0* 9* 2* 7*

Ge eehjtk igsh iuhjbk eh chbrg gjtrh gj eh mh`othioùj y ikcogjzh bg jugvk iuhjbk sg vh* Eh chbrg sg cugstrh cuy hjsoksh higrih bge `ogjgsthr bg su modk* \hrgig qug eh chbrg ikjsobgrh qug ge eehjtk gs ujh sotuhioùj bg irosos* Ge eehjtk sg vg rgakrzhbk pkr cgbok bg eh htgjioùj bg eh chbrg -ckbgek ikjbuituhe/* Eh htgjioùj iogfh bg eh chbrg pugbg sgr ujh akrchioùj rghitovh qug kiueth su bgsprgiok ojikjsiogjtg mhioh ge modk -ckbgek psoikbojècoik/* 1* Eh hjsogbhb bg eh chbrg jk ikjsostg thjtk gj ujh prgkiuphioùj pkr ge modk% ikck gj ek qug geeh ikjsobgrh qug gs ujh akrch ùptoch bg iùck bg`g ikcpkrthrsg ujh `ugjh chbrg -ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik/* 6* Eh chbrg gxmo`g uj ikcpkrthcogjtk jgurùtoik -iehsoaoihioùj/* =* Gs prk`h`eg qug ge joøk bgpgjbh gxhfgrhbhcgjtg bg eh chbrg gj su vobh auturh -prgboi# ioùj/*

Iuhjtk chykr gs ge shetk gjtrg eks bhtks y ehs supksoiokjgs% chykr gs ge jovge bg ojagrgj# ioh y cès aèioe gs ikcgtgr grrkrgs* Ge jovge y topk bg ojagrgjioh bgpgjbgj bg vhroh`egs ikck ge gjtrgjhcogjtk% ckbgek tgùroik% ojtuoioùj% prgduoioks y gxpgrogjiohs bge tgrhpguth* H jovge cès gspgiãaoik% pugbgj sgøhehrsg ujh sgrog bg boagrgjiohs gjtrg eks bostojtks ckbg# eks bg ojtgrvgjioùj gj iuhjtk h eh ikjigpioùj bg eh phtkekfãh% eh gvheuhioùj% eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïu# toiks y ge trhthcogjtk*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h eh phtkekfãh4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Eks sãjtkchs skj ge rgsuethbk bg ikjaeoitks ojikjsiogjtgs ojtrhpsã# quoiks y+k ojtgrpgrskjhegs% bg eh rofobgz bg eks cgihjoscks bg bgagjsh y bg eh aodhioùj y rgfrgsoùj h gthphs hjtgrokrgs bge bgshrrkeek* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 Eks sãjtkchs skj ikjsgiugjioh bg eh jk hutkrrgheozhioùj% bg eh ojikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck rghe y ge sã cosck the ikck gs ckebghbk pkr eks ktrks% y+k bge aujiokjhcogjtk bgskrbgjhbk bge sostgch bg ikjstruitks* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Eks sãjtkchs bge phiogjtg obgjtoaoihbk skj ge rgsuethbk bg bosaujiokjgs gj eh gstruiturh y ikcujoihioùj bge sostgch ahcoeohr*

O\IY # 97

# Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Eks sãjtkchs skj prk`egchs bgrovhbks bge hprgjbozhdg -ieèsoik% kpgrhjtg% k`sgrvhiokjhe/ k aheth bg hprgjbozhdg bg rgspugsths cktkrhs% ikfjo# tovhs% hutùjkchs y gckiokjhegs* Ge ckbgek ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe gjahtozh ge phpge bg eks pgjsh# cogjtks hutkcètoiks% bostkrsokjgs ikfjotovhs y irggjiohs bgshbhpthtovhs*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h eh gvheuhioùj4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Yg igjtrh gj eh gstruiturh bge yk -eãcotgs% sgjtobk bg eh rgheobhb% aujiokjgs ojtgfrhbkrhs% y krfhjozhbkrhs/% bg bgagjsh% gstruiturh `èsoihs% bge supgr# yù% sotuhioùj bge geek y sojtïtoihs bg eks ocpuesks sgxuhegs ycgihjoscks hfrgsovks% hjsogbhb y gckiokjgs y rgehiokjgs k`dgthegs* Cïtkbks4 gjtrgvosths jk gstruiturhbhs% prug`hs prkygitovhs* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 \kso`egs hspgitks bg ojtgrïs skj ge jovge bg ikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck rghe y eh akrch gj qug ujk sogjtg% pgrio`g y hitôh% ge prkygitk gxostgjiohe% eks ikjstrui# tks pgrskjhegs% eh pgrigpioùj su`dgtovh bge cujbk y bg ujk cosck% ge jovge bg ikjiogjioh y higp# thioùj bg eks prkpoks bgsgks y jgigsobhbgs% eh ojtgfrhioùj bg gsths* Cïtkbks4 gjtrgvosths jk gstrui# turhbhs% tïijoih bg eh rgdoeeh* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Gvheôh ehs phuths bg ikcujoihioùj bosaujiokjhegs% eks eãcotgs gjtrg su`# sostgchs% ehs ikheoiokjgs% ehs ojtgrprgthiokjgs bg ehs sgiugjiohs bg mgimks% ehs ojtgrhiiokjgs ahco# eohrgs% ge sostgch bg pkbgr% eh hbhpthioùj h eks ihc`oks* Cïtkbks4 Gjtrgvosths% k`sgrvhioùj% iugs# tokjhroks* # Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Gspgioaoih y iuhjtoaoih ehs ikjbuiths cktk# rhs% ikfjotovhs%ikjsgiugjtgs hutùjkchs yy gckiokjhegs eks prk`egchs% g obgjtoaoih ehs vhroh`egs hjtgigbgjtgs% ihrhitgrãstoihsocpeoihbhs pgrskjhegsgjgsth`egs aujiokjhecgjtg rgehiokjhbhs ikj ehs coschs* Cïtkbks4 Gjtrgvosths -he ieogjtg y h ktrks/% iugstokjhroks% hutkrrgfostrks% k`sgrvhioùj% rgfostrks psoikaosokeùfoiks*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h eks k`dgtovks tgrhpïutoiks4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Pgskeuioùj bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y bg eks ikjaeoitks ojtrhpsãquoiks% boscojuioùj bg eks ocpuesks y chjgdk bg gstks% usk bg bgagjshs aegxo`egs% ojsofmt ojtgegituhe y gckiokjhe% bgshphroioùj bge sãjtkch% rggstruiturhioùj bg eh pgrskjheobhb* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 Ikjfrugjioh gjtrg ge sã cosck rghe y eh akrch gj qug ujk sogjtg% pgrio`g y hitôh% hutkrrgheozhioùj% ikjiogjioh g ojtgfrhioùj bg eks prkpoks bgsgks y jgigsobhbgs* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Bgshphroioùj k rgbuiioùj bge prk`egch% ckboaoihioùj bg phuths bosauj# iokjhegs bg ikcujoihioùj g ojtgrhiioùj gj eh ahcoeoh% ihc`oks gj eh gstruiturh bg gsth* # Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Bgshphroioùj k rgbuiioùj bg eks prk`egchs y hbquosoioùj bg mh`oeobhbgs phrh harkjthr eh vobh*

Boagrgjiohs gj iuhjtk h ehs tïijoihs bg trhthcogjtk4 # Ckbgek psoikbojècoik4 Htgjioùj vofoehjtg% hskiohioùj eo`rg% ikjarkjthioùj% iehroaoihioùj% ojtgrprgthioùj% trh`hdk geh`krhtovk% hjèeosos bg eks sugøks% hjèeosos bg ehs rgsostgjiohs% hjèeosos bg eh trhjsagrgjioh y ktrhs tïijoihs -ihthrsos k h`rghiioùj% hpkyk gckiokjhe% sufgstoùj% pgrsuhsoùj% oj#

O\IY # 91

akrchioùj k`dgtovh/* # Ckbgek agjkcgjkeùfoik4 Ehs hitotubgs bge tgrhpguth -gcphtãh% higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjbo# iokjhe% hutgjtoiobhb/ sg ikjsobgrhj aujbhcgjthegs* Hbgcès% pugbgj gcpeghrsg tïijoihs ikck igj# trhrsg gj ge hquã y hmkrh% ahjthsãh -trh`hdk ikj sugøks k ocèfgjgs/% brhchtozhioùj -psoikbrhch% tïijoih bg eh soeeh vhiãh y bg ehs bks soeehs/% hjèeosos bg eh vobh% chshdg y gxprgsoùj ikrpkrhe* # Ckbgek sostïcoik4 Rïijoihs bg gxpekrhioùj y phrtoiophioùj gj ge sostgch -rhstrgk% hikckbh# ioùj% cocgtosck% vheobhioùj/% rgakrcuehioùj% tïijoihs phrhbùdoihs -ojtgjioùj phrhbùdoih% rgstroi# ioùj% pksoiokjhcogjtk% utoeozhioùj/% prgsiropioùj bg thrghs% oeusoùj bg hetgrjhtovhs% usk bg hjhekfã# hs% iugstokjhcogjtk ioriuehr y prgfujths troèboihs* # Ckbgek ikjbuituhe y ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe4 Rïijoihs bg rgsporhioùj y rgehdhioùj% tïijoihs bg gxpksoioùj% ckbgehbk% gjtrgjhcogjtk gj mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs% tïijoihs kpgrhjtgs -rgakrzhcogj# tk% ckebghcogjtk% ikstk bg rgspugsth% gikjkcãh bg aoimhs% ikjtrhtks% ikjtrke bg gstãcueks/% `okrrg# trkheocgjthioùj% rgskeuioùj bg prk`egchs% rggstruiturhioùj ikfjotovh% gjtrgjhcogjtk hutkojstrui# iokjhe% tïijoihs bg hitovhioùj ikjbuituhe y tïijoihs bg bostrhiioùj* Ykj ikcujgs ehs hitovobhbgs gjtrg sgsokjgs* Ikjsobgrgcks uj ihsk bg hfkrhak`oh* #

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Wj tgrhpguth psoikbojècoik pugbg gcpeghr hskiohioùj eo`rg% ojtgrprgthioùj y hjèeosos bg ehs rgsostgjiohs y bg eh trhjsagrgjioh phrh qug ge ieogjtg tkcg ikjiogjioh y supgrg ge ikj# aeoitk ojikjsiogjtg su`yhigjtg* Wj tgrhpguth fgstèetoik pugbg gcpeghr ge hjèeosos bg eks sugøks% ge sgøhehcogjtk bge ikcpkrthcogjtk jk vgr`he y eh tïijoih bg ehs bks soeehs phrh qug ge ieogjtg tkcg ikjiogjioh bg sus pkehrobhbgs bg bgpgjbgjioh#ojbgpgjbgjioh y ehs oj# tgfrg* Wj tgrhpguth sostïcoik pugbg rgakrcuehr ge prk`egch gj tïrcojks pksotovks% pehjtghr ujh skeuioùj he cosck gj tïrcojks phrhbùdoiks -p*gd*% ojtgjioùj phrhbùdoih phrh eks hth# qugs bg pèjoik/ y utoeozhr ge prk`egch prgsgjthbk phrh prkbuior uj ihc`ok gstruiturhe gj eh ahcoeoh* Wj tgrhpguth ikjbuituhe pugbg gcpeghr gxpksoioùj gj vovk h ehs sotuhiokjgs tgcobhs dujtk ikj rgtrkheocgjthioùj y rgakrzhcogjtk* Aojhecgjtg% uj tgrhpguth ikfjotovk#ikjbuituhe pugbg gcpeghr gxpksoioùj gj vovk g ojtgrkigptovh hpkyhbh pkr gstrhtgfohs bg harkjthcogjtk bg eh hjsogbhb+pèjoik -rgsporh# ioùj% rggstruiturhioùj ikfjotovh/ y ikc`ojhbh% gj eks ihsks jgigshroks% pkr tïijoihs ikck eh rgskeuioùj bg prk`egchs y ge gjtrgjhcogjtk gj hsgrtovobhb phrh ge chjgdk bg sotuhiok# jgs gstrgshjtgs y ikjaeoitks ojtgrpgrskjhegs*

AHIRKPGY IKCWJGY H EHY BOYROJRHY KPOGJRHIOKJGY »Ykj ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs k ckbgeks thj boagrgjtgs; Wjh iksh gs ek qug sg boig qug sg mhig y ktrh ek qug sg mhig rghecgjtg* Bgsbg eugfk% ehs bovgrshs krogjthiokjgs skj gj eh prèitoih cès phrgiobhs bg ek qug sg boig% hujqug% gsk sã% gxostgj ocpkrthjtgs boagrgjiohs gj eh akrch gj qug eks tgrhpguths h`krbhj eks trhstkrjks -igjtrhrsg gj ge phshbk k gj ge prgsgjtg% trh`hdhr sùek bgjtrk k thc`oïj augrh bg eh sgsoùj% ikjsobgrhr ujks u ktrks ahitkrgs ikck bgtgrcojhjtgs bge prk# `egch% gcpeghr ujhs u ktrhs tïijoihs prokrothrohcgjtg/* \grk soj jgfhr gsths boagrgjiohs% gxostgj cuimks ahitkrgs ikcujgs h ehs bostojths tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs -vïhjsg% pkr gdgcpek% Fhvojk% 0<<2> Negojng% 8??2+8??7> Pksh% Keovhrgs y Cïjbgz% 0<<2/* Ge ojtgjtk bg gjikjtrhr gstks ahitkrgs bg`g `hshrsg gj ek qug eks tgrhpguths mhigj gj vgz bg gj ek qug boigj qug mhigj*

O\IY # 96

H ikjtojuhioùj sg prgsgjthj gdgcpeks bg ahitkrgs ikcujgs% hujqug jk tkbks ikojiobgj gj iuèegs skj eks ocpeoihbks gj eh gxpeoihioùj bge ihc`ok4 #

Gcphtãh% higpthioùj pksotovh ojikjboiokjhe% hutgjtoiobhb% irgbo`oeobhb% hpkyk% trhjquoeozh# ioùj% heogjtk y ikcpgtgjioh pkr phrtg bge tgrhpguth* Ek ocpkrthjtg gs eh pgrigpioùj qug ge phiogjtg togjg bg gsths ihrhitgrãstoihs*

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Pgehioùj pksotovh y bg ikjaohjzh gjtrg tgrhpguth y phiogjtg*

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Eh prkvosoùj bg uj bg chrik bg iurhioùj prkpkriokjh akr# cheobhb he prkigsk tgrhpoh y hyubh h-bgsphimk% bostojfuor ieãjoih% gsth bg mkspothe/ eh hcosthbqug k ikjvgrshioùj ih# suhe*

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Pgehioùj bg pkbgr g ojaeugjioh skiohe* Ge tgrhpguth heihjzh ujh pksoioùj bg pkbgr -h trh# vïs bge prgstofok% sufgstoùj% pgrsuhsoùj% ikjfrhiohioùj/ y eugfk gcpegh gstg pkbgr phrh qug eks ieogjtgs hsuchj eh rgspkjsh`oeobhb bge ihc`ok y sg vghj y ikcpkrtgj bg akrch boagrgjtg*

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Pgikjigptuheozhioùj bg eks prk`egchs bge phiogjtg gj tïrcojks pehuso`egs y ikjvojigjtgs phrh ïe -ikj ge ojsofmt qug gstk ikjeegvh sk`rg iùck sg ikcpkrth y ehs rhzkjgs qug eg eeg# vhj h geek/ y ikrrgiioùj bg ikjigpiokjgs% irggjiohs k gsqugchs grrùjgks h trhvïs bg eh prkvosoùj bg ojakrchioùj k bg ktrks cïtkbks*

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Kargiocogjtk bg prkigbocogjtks tgrhpïutoiks gj eks qug irggj tgrhpguth y phiogjtg* Gstks prkigbocogjtks hcpeãhj ge h`hjoik bg gstrhtgfohs bge phiogjtg phrh harkjthr ehs sotuhiok#

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jgs prk`egcètoihs* Hiugrbk gjtrg ieogjtg y tgrhpguth rgspgitk h ehs cgths y cïtkbks bg trhthcogjtk*

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Bgshrrkeek bg ag% ikjaohjzh y gxpgithtovhs bg cgdkrh*

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Akcgjtk bg gxpgrogjiohs ikrrgitovhs y gxpgrogjiohs bg ïxotk qug bgshrrkeehj sgjtocogjtks bg hutkgaoihioh y sgjshioùj bg ikjtrke*

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Kpkrtujobhb bg ikcprk`hr rgpgtobhcgjtg eh rgheobhb* Gstk hyubh h ikrrgfor ikjigpiok# jgs% irggjiohs k gsqugchs grrùjgks*

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Pgakrzhcogjtk bg ikjbuiths bgsgh`egs% hprk`hioùj% ikjsgdk*

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Ahioeothioùj bg eh pugsth gj chrimh bg rgiursks "bkrcobks" bge phiogjtg*

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Gagitks sojïrfoiks qug ge ihc`ok gj uj èrgh bg aujiokjhcogjtk pugbg tgjgr sk`rg ktrh*

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Ahioeothioùj bg eh ihthrsos k eo`grhioùj gckiokjhe*

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Pgbuiioùj bg eh pgrtur`hioùj gckiokjhe -h trhvïs bg eh rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih% hpkyk% ihthr# sos% gti*/*

Cuimks ahitkrgs ikcujgs gjtrg krogjthiokjgs pugbgj ikojiobor gj ge jkc`rg% pgrk jk gj iùck skj eegvhbks h ih`k* \kr gdgcpek% eh prkvosoùj bg jugvhs gxpgrogjiohs pugbg rgagrorsg h bgjtrk k augrh bg eh sgsoùj y ehs jugvhs gxpgrogjiohs pugbgj bgaojorsg ikck gxpgrogjiohs bg eh ojahjioh rgvovobhs% pgjshcogjtks jugvks% jugvhs akrchs bg gxpgrocgjthr hutkvhekrhiokjgs% jug#

O\IY # 9=

vhs rgspugsths bge tgrhpguth h eh akrch mh`otuhe bg ikcpkrthrsg bge ieogjtg -p*gd*% rgspkjbgr h eh orh y suspoihioh ikj ikcprgjsoùj gj vgz bg ikj mkstoeobhb> k h eh bgpgjbgjioh ikj akcgjtk bge ikc# pkrthcogjtk ojbgpgjbogjtg gj vgz bg ikj ge rgakrzhcogjtk bg hqugeeh/% prgsiropioùj bg jugvhs akrchs bg ikcpkrthrsg k eh tgrhpoh psoikeùfoih gj sã cosch* Eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs pugbgj ikjsobgrhrsg ikck gstrhtgfohs qug pugbgj eegvhrsg h ih`k h trhvïs bg bostojths tïijoihs qug pugbgj vhrohr sgfôj ehs krogjthiokjgs* Pgprgsgjthj uj jovge ojtgr# cgbok bg h`strhiioùj gjtrg ehs tïijoihs y eh tgkrãh* Mhsth ge ckcgjtk jk mh mh`obk cuimh ojvgstofhioùj gcpãroih phrh obgjtoaoihr gstks ahi# % phrh gsth`egigr so sgskj bhjeks gj rgspkjsh`egs ge cosck frhbk gj ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs y phrh bgtgrcojhr tkrgs so% ikck cuimks pogjshj% projiophegs bge ihc`ok tgrhpïutoik* Gj gstg ôetock ihsk% bg`grãh hvgrofuhrsg thc`oïj iuèegs skj eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs ocpeoihbks% qug pkrigjthdg bge ihc`ok gxpeoihj y so skj ikjboiokjgs jgigshrohs* Gxostg ujh jgigsobhb bg obgjtoaoihr gcpãroihcgjtg thjtk eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs ikck hqugeehs ikjtro`uiokjgs ôjoihs qug iuhequogr krogjthioùj pugbh kargigr -p*gd*% ge trhthcogjtk bg gxpksoioùj phrh ehs ak`ohs surfobk bgjtrk bge gjakqug ikjbuituhe/* Wj gjakqug gieïitoik k oj# tgfrhbkr bg`g tgjgr gj iugjth hc`hs ikshs* Jk tkbk skj ahitkrgs ikcujgs* \kr gdgcpek% Ehc`grt gs iothbk argiugjtgcgjtg rgspgitk h eks pkrigjthdgs ikj qug ikjtro`uygj bostojtks ahitkrgs he ihc# `ok tgrhpïutoik4 ahitkrgs gxtrhtgrhpïutoiks bg topk pgrskjhe% skiohe y hc`ogjthe -2<'/% ahitkrgs ikcujgs -9<'/% tïijoihs -87'/ y gxpgithtovhs k gagitks pehig`k -87'/ -Agoxhs y Corù% 8??9/* Gstks pkrigjthdgs bg`grãhj rgpeoihrsg% yh qug rgprgsgjthj vhekrhiokjgs y jk bgrovhiokjgs bg ièeiu# eks gsthbãstoiks* Rhc`oïj gs jgigshrok gstubohr so ge pgsk bg eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs vhrãh gj aujioùj bg eks 4 ak`ohs% ikcpuesokjgs% trhstkrjks psoiùtoiks% bosaujiokjgs sgxuhegs% prk`egchs ikjsobgrhbks thrthcubgk% trhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb% gti*

GIEGIROIOYCK G OJRGFPHIOÙJ Gj eks ôetocks høks mh mh`obk uj jugvk rgsurfor bge ojtgrïs pkr eh ojtgfrhioùj bg ehs tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs -Agoxhs y Corù% 8??9> Pksh% Keovhrgs y Cïjbgz% 0<<2/* Gstg ojtgrïs sg mh vostk ahio# eothbk pkr4 #

Eh prkeoagrhioùj bg krogjthiokjgs*

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Ehs eocothiokjgs ikjigptuhegs bg ehs krogjthiokjgs ckjkeãtoihs* Jk `hsth ikj igjtrhrsg gj ujk k ujks pkiks hspgitks4 ikjbuith% ikfjoiokjgs% hagitk% `okekfãh% prkigsks ojikjs# iogjtgs% rgehioùj tgrhpïutoih*

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% thegs ikck hthqugs bgsbg augrhbgy prgsokjgs Ikjtojfgjiohs skiokgikjùcoihs bg phrtg bg dugigs% hbcojostrhioùj%y gxtgrjhs ikcphøãhs hsgfurhbkrhs y hskiohiokjgs ikjsuco# bkrgs* Yg mhj ikcgjzhbk h gxofor bhtks sk`rg eh gaoihioh% utoeobhb ieãjoih% iheobhb y burh# `oeobhb bg eks trhthcogjtks% y% soj ihc`oks tgrhpïutoiks% pgeofrhj ge prgstofok% eks ieogjtgs y ge bojgrk*

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Ojirgcgjtk bg eks trhthcogjtks `rgvgs -5 01 sgsokjgs/ igjtrhbks gj ge prk`egch* Gstk sg mh vostk ahioeothbk pkr ehs rgbuiiokjgs bg phfk pkr phrtg bg eh sgfurobhb skiohe y bg ehs ikcphøãhs bg sgfurks* Hbgcès% gxostgj bhtks bg qug ehs tgrhpohs `rgvgs pugbgj sgr thj gaoihigs ikck ehs bg ehrfh burhioùj y qug eh chykrãh bg eh cgdkrh kiurrg gj ehs pro#

O\IY # 9?

cgrhs = sgsokjgs -\gnhron% 8??9/* #

Kpkrtujobhbgs phrh k`sgrvhr ktrks trhthcogjtks gj hiioùj y gxpgrocgjthr ikj geeks* Gsths kpkrtujobhbgs mhj vgjobk bhbhs pkr eh gxostgjioh bg iursks gj ieãjoihs gspg# ioheozhbhs gj trhstkrjks ikjirgtks y pkr eh pu`eoihioùj bg chjuhegs gspgiãaoiks sk`rg bos# tojths ojtgrvgjiokjgs*

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Ehs eocothiokjgs gj gaoihioh tgrhpïutoih bg ehs krogjthiokjgs ckjkeãtoihs* Ktrhs krogjth# iokjgs pugbgj tgjgr hefk qug kargigr*

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Irggjioh qug eks ahitkrgs ikcujgs h ehs *bostojths krogjthiokjgs togjgj uj frhj pgsk gj eh bg gxpeoihioùj bge ihc`ok tgrhpïutoik

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Bgshrrkeek bg ujh rgb prkagsokjhe phrh eh ojtgfrhioùj % ikjstotuobh pkr eh Ykiogty akr tmg Gxpekrhtokj ka \syimktmgrhpy Ojtgfrhtokj -YG\O/% rgvosths y ikjfrgsks sk`rg ge tgch*

Ehs krogjthiokjgs jk bg`gj sgr ikcphrtocgjtks igrrhbks% sojk qug togjgj qug gsthr h`ogrths he ihc`ok* \kr ktrh phrtg% hefujks mhj sgøhehbk qug jk gs `ugjk eegfhr rèpobhcgjtg h uj skek gjak# qug tgrhpïutoik* Eh bovgrsobhb gs eh augjtg bg eh jkvgbhb* Bg`g mh`gr `hsthjtg bovgrsobhb phrh ojtgrhituhr% pgrk jk thjth ikck phrh hcgjhzhr eh obgjtobhb prkagsokjhe bg eh tgrhpoh psoik# eùfoih* Eh hituhe arhfcgjthioùj gs jkiovh y bh ujh cheh ochfgj% thjtk mhioh ge ojtgrokr ikck mhioh ge gxtgrokr% pgrk ujh ujoaoihioùj prgchturh thcpkik gs ôtoe* Wjh ojtgfrhioùj prgchturh bg krogjthiokjgs k pksoiokjgs qug jk iugjtgj ikj suaoiogjtg hpkyk gcpãroik pugbg pgrduboihr ge prk# frgsk*

Ge vgrbhbgrk vhekr bg eh ojtgfrhioùj rhboih gj su supugsth chykr gaoihioh* Yoj gc`hrfk% jk mh sobk bgckstrhbk mhsthHbgcès% ge ckcgjtk qugboagrgjtgs uj gjakqug gieïitoikgieïitoiks k ojtgfrhbkr sgh cès gaoihz> pkbrãh ojieusk sgr ojagrokr* gxostgj gjakqugs g ojtgfrhbkrgs % eks iuhegs pugbgj ikjvgrtorsg gj jugvhs krogjthiokjgs ckjkeãtoihs y rgprkbuior hsã ge gsthbk bg ikshs qug sg quogrg supgrhr*

Eh ojtgfrhioùj jk bg`grãh eocothrsg h ehs tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs% sojk qug bg`grãh gxtgjbgr# sg h ktrhs rhchs bg eh psoikekfãh -ikfjotovh% `èsoih% skiohe% gvkeutovh% psoikaosokekfãh/ y h ktrhs bosiopeojhs haojgs -psoikahrchikekfãh% cgboiojh/* Eh gegiioùj pgrskjhe bge giegitoiosck pugbg sgr ahioeothbh pkr eks sofuogjtgs ahitkrgs4 h/ Aheth bg prgsokjgs gj ge gjtrgjhcogjtk y hc`ogjtgs prkagsokjhegs borofobhs mhioh ujh bgtgrcojhbh krogjthioùj* `/ Chykr gxpgrogjioh ieãjoih* i/ Wj ocpuesk phrh ikc`ojhr tkbhs ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs tgrhpïutoihs* b/ Wj ihrèitgr ojikjakrcosth qug eegvh h ckvgrsg cès heeè bg ujh bgtgrcojhbh krogj# thioùj* g/ Wjh hitotub gsiïptoih mhioh ge sthtus quk*

RO\KY BG GIEGIROIOYCK _ JOQGEGY BG OJRGFPHIOÙJ Agoxhs y Corù -8??9/ mhj bostojfuobk trgs topks bg giegitoiosck4 #

Giegitoiosck ojtuotovk k htgùroik* Cuy argiugjtg gj eh prèitoih ieãjoih% ikc`ojh tïijoihs bg boagrgjtgs gjakqugs soj qug mhyh uj sostgch qug bï ikmgrgjioh he ikjdujtk* Eh ikc`o# jhioùj bgpgjbg bg ehs ojtuoiokjgs% gxpgrogjiohs y prgagrgjiohs bg ihbh tgrhpguth*

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Giegitoiosck tïijoik* Ikc`ojh tïijoihs bg boagrgjtgs gjakqugs bg hiugrbk ikj irotgroks sostgcètoiks bg topk prhfcètoik -gaoihioh/ k tgùroik y soj tgjgr pkr quï higpthr ge chrik

O\IY # 2<

tgùroik krofojhe bg ehs tïijoihs* #

Giegitoiosck sojtïtoik k ojtgfrhioùj tgùroih* Rrhth bg ojtgfrhr ikjigptks bg bostojths tgkrãhs yh sgh rgakrcuehjbk eks ikjigptks bg ujh gj tïrcojks bg eh ktrh -ojtgfrhioùj hso# coehtovh/ k hrtoiuehjbk gjtrg sã ikjigptks tgùroiks bg bostojtk krofgj% pgrk ikcphto`egs -ojtgfrhioùj hikckbhtovh/*

Gj iuhjtk h eks jovgegs bg ojtgfrhioùj% pkbgcks bostojfuor eh tgkrãh% eh cgtkbkekfãh y eh tgi# jkekfãh* #

* Gxostgj ocpkrthjtgs boagrgjiohs eh aoekskaãh eh ikjigpioùj bge mkc# Rgkrãh `rg* Hquã eh ojtgfrhioùj gs boaãioe * Ygfôjgj@gutegr% ujh `hsg tgkrãhsk`rg ojtgfrhbh jk gs pkso`eg pkr# qug ehs tgkrãhs gxostgjtgs bg eks tgrhpguths4 h/ gstèj ikjaujbobhs ikj sus prkpohs irggj# iohs pgrskjhegs% `/ sg rgaegdhj cuy pkik gj ehs bgiosokjgs ckcgjtk h ckcgjtk burhjtg ge trhthcogjtk% i/ skj ojjucgrh`egs% y b/ jk rgspkjbgj h jojfôj hrfucgjtk k bosikjaorch# ioùj* )

Eh ojtgfrhioùj sg vgrè ahioeothbh so ehs tgkrãhs hcpeohs y cuy ojagrgjiohegs qug ojtgj# thj gxpeoihr tkbks eks hspgitks bge aujiokjhcogjtk muchjk y topk bg prk`egchs sg vgj sustotuobhs pkr ckbgeks cès gspgiãaoiks y kpgrhiokjhegs qug sg igjtrgj gj eh gxpeoihioùj% cgihjoscks bg ihc`ok y trhthcogjtk bg boagrgjtgs prk`egchs ieãjoiks* \kbrãh rgikrbhrsg hquã eh ahcksh prgfujth bg \hue4 »Xuï ojtgrvgjioùj% hpeoihbh pkr quoïj% gs cès gaoihz phrh gstg phiogjtg ikj gstg prk`egch y `hdk quï ioriujsthjiohs;

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Eh ojtgfrhioùj bg ehs tgkrãhs eegvh ikjsofk eh bg ehs tïijoihs* Eocothrsg sùek h gstk ôetock gs ek prkpok bge giegitoiosck tïijoik* Gstg gs ge cès argiugjtg gj eh prèitoih% cogjtrhs qug gehojtgfrhioùj ojtgfrhioùj sg gs gxpkjgj ujh hsporhioùj* Ehs boagrgjiohs -socpeoaoihbhs/ gjtrg giegitoiosck h ikjtojuhioùj* Giegitoiosck

Ojtgfrhioùj

Rïijoik Bovgrfgjtg -boagrgjiohs/ Gsikfogjbk gjtrg cuimks Hpeoihjbk ek qug mhy Hiucuehioùj Hpeoihjbk ehs phrtgs "Htgùroik"% pgrk gcpãroik Yuch bg ehs phrtgs Pgheosth

Rgùroih Ikjvgrfgjtg -ikcujheobhbgs/ Ikc`ojhjbk cuimks Irghjbk hefk jugvk Ikc`ojhioùj Wjoaoihjbk ehs phrtgs Cès tgùroih qug gcpãroih Cès qug eh such bg ehs phrtgs Obgheosth

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Cgtkbkekfãh* Jgigsobhb bg skcgtgr h prug`h ehs akrcuehiokjgs tgùroihs% cïtkbks bg gvheuhioùj y trhthcogjtks* Yg ihrgig bg bhtks suaoiogjtgs bg gaoihioh bg cuimhs krogj# thiokjgs* Yg jgigsoth uj ikjsgjsk sk`rg cgtkbkekfãh hbgiuhbh y sk`rg cgbobhs tgrh# pïutoihs higpth`egs*

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Rgijkekfãh* \ugbgj gcpeghrsg tïijoihs bg bostojths krogjthiokjgs soj higpthr jgigshroh# cgjtg sus `hsgs tgùroihs k rgojtgrprgthjbk gsths `hsgs* Eh utoeobhb rhboih gj rhzkjgs gc# pãroihs% jk tgùroihs* Ge giegitoiosck tïijoik pgrsofug cgdkrhr eh mh`oeobhb phrh sgegiiokjhr ge cgdkr trhthcogjtk phrh ujh pgrskjh y prk`egch* \hrh geek% sg corhj eks bhtks bg ek qug

O\IY # 28

cgdkr mh aujiokjhbk phrh ktrks ikj socoehrgs prk`egchs y ihrhitgrãstoihs* )

Ge giegitoiosck togjg h vgigs ujh ikjjkthioùj pgykrhtovh pkrqug sg eg ikjaujbg ikj ge sojirgtosck -giegitoiosck htgùroik/4 ikc`ojhiokjgs jk irãtoihs y jk sostgcètoihs bg tïijoihs% qug sugegj rgaegdhr cgbokirobhb g ojikcpgtgjioh* Ikck bodk Pkttgr4 "Rkbk pgjshcogjtk sostgcètoik ocpeoih eh sãjtgsos bg pujtks bg vosth prggxostgjtgs* Jk gs iugstoùj bg sgr k jk gieïitoik% sojk bg sgr k jk ikjsostgjtg y sostgcètoik"*

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Wjh tïijoih pugbg jk sgr eh cosch iuhjbk sg hpeoih gj boagrgjtgs krogjthiokjgs* \kr gdgcpek% gj eh tïijoih bg ehs bks soeehs uj tgrhpguth fgstèetoik bhrè frhj ocpkr# thjioh k`sgrvhioùj y gxhfgrhioùj aãsoiks% h eh gxprgsoùj bg sgjtocogj# tks y hhehehtkch bg ikjiogjioh bg gstks*bg Gjfgstks ihc`ok% uj tgrhpguth ikfjotovk sg prgkiu# phrè cgjks pkr eks jovgegs irgiogjtgs bg gckioùj qug pkr bgsiu`ror ehs irggjiohs oj# hbhpthbhs qug su`yhigj h eh gckioùj gxpgrocgjthbh*

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Hujqug uj giegitoiosck tïijoik pugbg sgr prhfcètoihcgjtg ôtoe% gs prgagro`eg uj ojtgfrhiokjosck qug vhyh cès heeè* Ge giegitoiosck tïijoik gs ôtoe phrh sojtgto# zhr ek qug sg sh`g% pgrk ehs ikjsobgrhiokjgs tgùroihs ikjtrkehbhs pugbgj akcgjthr jugvks bgsiu`rocogjtks* Yoj gc`hrfk% cuy prk`h`egcgjtg jk mh eegfhbk hôj ge togcpk bg uj ojtgfrhiokjosck tgùroik*

K@YRÈIWEKY \HPH EH OJRGFPHIOÙJ \ugbgj iothrsg eks sofuogjtgs4

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sk`rg eh ikjigpioùj bge mkc`rg% bgtgrcojhjtgs bg eh pgrskjh# Boagrgjtgs aoekskaãhsbg`hsg eobhb% gxpeoihiokjgs eh ikjbuith jkrche y hjkrche% y k`dgtovks bg eh tgrhpoh* Gstk vh hskiohbk h boagrgjiohs gj ek qug sg ikjsobgrh akrchs vèeobhs bg ikjkiocogjtk -ojagrgjioh% sofjoaoihbk su`dgtovk% k`sgrvhioùj/ y eks cïtkbks phrh hbquoror gstg ikjkiocogjtk -ojtgr# prgthioùj% gxpekrhioùj agjkcgjkeùfoih% cïtkbk gxpgrocgjthe/*

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\rk`egchs bg egjfuhdg* Aheth bg uj egjfuhdg ikcôj% rghiiokjgs gckiokjhegs jgfhtovhs hjtg bgtgrcojhbhs pheh`rhs k ikjigptks% boaoiuethb gj gjtgjbgr ktrks ikjigptks% gcpegk bg bostojtks tïrcojks phrh bgior ek cosck y bg pheh`rhs obïjtoihs ikj sofjoaoihbk boagrgj# tg* Wjh hetgrjhtovh gs bgshrrkeehr uj egjfuhdg ikcôj `hshbk gj eh psoikekfãh ikfjotovh gxpgrocgjthe% hujqug mhy qug rgikjkigr qug gsth pgrchjgig hôj cuy bgsikjgithbh bg eh ieãjoih* Cogjtrhs thjtk% sgrãh ôtoe ikjkigr bostojtks egjfuhdgs tgùroiks*

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Aheth bg ikjkiocogjtk hbgiuhbk bg ktrhs krogjthiokjgs* Ikjkiocogjtk supgraoiohe `hshbk pkr ek fgjgrhe gj sgfujbhs augjtgs% ikjkiocogjtk hjtoiuhbk% ojtgrprgthiokjgs grrùjghs% sgsfk gckiokjhe jgfhtovk*

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Ikcpgtotovobhb gjtrg krogjthiokjgs hskiohbh h `gjgaoioks skiohegs% prkagsokjhegs y gik# jùcoiks*

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Eh obgjtoaoihioùj ikj eh prkpoh krogjthioùj bh sgfurobhb y gvoth ge cogbk h sgjtorsg skek k hosehbk* Hbgcès% ahioeoth eh ikcujoihioùj y ge ojtgrihc`ok bg ojakrchioùj ikj ktrks prkagsokjhegs haojgs*

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Aheth bg gjtrgjhcogjtk gj cès bg ujh krogjthioùj* Yoj gc`hrfk% mhy qug rgikjkigr qug uj prkfrhch bg gjtrgjhcogjtk gj tgrhpoh psoikeùfoih ojtgfrhbkrh gs hefk ikcpegdk y cuy gxofgjtg* Rhc`oïj rgquogrg cuimk cès trh`hdk chjtgjgrsg he bãh*

O\IY # 20

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Ojvgstofhioùj gcpãroih ojhbgiuhbh sk`rg eh ojtgfrhioùj bg ehs tgrhpohs psoikeùfoihs* Jk mh sobk bgckstrhbk mhsth ge ckcgjtk qug uj gjakqug gieïitoik k ojtgfrhbkr sgh cès gaoihz*

\rk`h`egcgjtg% ge togcpk phrh eh ojtgfrhioùj hôj jk mh eegfhbk* Jo thj soquogrh mgcks ikjsgfuobk eh ojtgfrhioùj bgjtrk bg ehs bostojths krogjthiokjgs* Yoj gc`hrfk% mh mh`obk hvhjigs he rgspgitk* Hsã% gj RII sg mh rgikjkiobk eh ocpkrthjioh bg ahitkrgs ikfjotovks y bge prkigshcogjtk ojikjsiogjtg> y gj psoikhjèeosos sg mh tgjbobk mhioh trhthcogjtks cès ikrtks% ikjso# bgrhioùj bg vhroh`egs ojtgrpgrskjhegs y gcpegk bg tïijoihs krogjthbhs h eh hiioùj*

ÈPGHY BG H\EOIHIOÙJ Ehs èrghs bg hpeoihioùj bg eh ojtgrvgjioùj psoikeùfoih h`hrihj bostojtks èc`otks4 ieãjoih% sheub% trh`hdk% gbuihioùj% ikcujobhb% bgpkrtg* \kbgcks gjikjtrhr psoiùekfks trh`hdhjbk gj ieãjoihs% mkspothegs% igjtrks bg sheub -fgjgrhe k cgjthe/% igjtrks bg trhthcogjtk bg brkfkbgpgj# bgjiohs% gcprgshs% igjtrks gbuihtovks% igjtrks bg htgjioùj psoikpgbhfùfoih% ojstotuiokjgs phrh rgtrhshbks cgjthegs% igjtrks bg hsostgjioh he cgjkr% duzfhbks% ojstotuiokjgs pgjotgjiohrohs% rgso# bgjiohs bg hjiohjks% igjtrks bg hiioùj skiohe% igjtrks bg rgmh`oeothioùj bg ojvèeobks% gquopks bg# pkrtovks% igjtrks coeothrgs% prèitoih provhbh% gti* H ikjtojuhioùj sg gjucgrhj ehs bostojths èrghs y prk`egchs gj qug ehs ojtgrvgjiokjgs psoik# eùfoihs mhj sobk hpeoihbhs mhsth ge ckcgjtk* \hrh cès ojakrchioùj% pugbgj ikjsuethrsg Ihrrk`egs -8?=7/ y Eh`rhbkr -8?=2% 8??
O\IY # 29

ÈPGH IEÃJOIH # # #

Ak`ohs y cogbks gspgiãaoiks% ak`ohs skiohegs% hfkrhak`oh* Rrhstkrjk bg pèjoik y hthqugs bg pèjoik* Hjsogbhb skiohe% hjsogbhb mgtgrkskiohe% aheth bg hsgrioùj% bïaoiot bg mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs*

# # #

Rrhstkrjk bg hjsogbhb fgjgrheozhbh* Rrhstkrjk k`sgsovk#ikcpuesovk* Rrhstkrjk pkr gstrïs pkstrhucètoik -pkr hiiobgjtg% vokehioùj% tkrturh% ikc`htg/*

## #

Rrhstkrjk bgtrhstkrjk hjsogbhb`opkehr* pkr sgphrhioùj* Bgprgsoùj% Bosaujiokjgs sgxuhegs -ocpktgjioh% gyhiuehioùj prgikz% hjkrfhscoh% vhfojosck/ y phrhaoeohs -phobkaoeoh% gxmo`oiokjosck% agtoimosck/*

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Rrhstkrjks bg phrgdh* Ojskcjok% pgshboeehs% tgrrkrgs jkiturjks* K`gsobhb% hjkrgxoh% `ueocoh*

# # #

Brkfkbgpgjbgjiohs4 heikmke% th`hik% mgrkãjh% ikihãjh% ihagãjh% aèrchiks Dugfk phtkeùfoik* Orh% hfrgsoùj*

# # #

Qãitochs bg cheks trhtks y bg h`usks sgxuhegs* Rhrthcubgk% tois% mè`otks jgrvoksks -kjoikahfoh% troiktoekchjãh% `ruxosck/ Cutosck sgegitovk*

# # #

Gjurgsos y gjikprgsos* Mopgrhitovobhb+ocpuesovobhb% bïaoiot bg htgjioùj* \rk`egchs joøks#phbrgs4 bgsk`gbogjioh% jgfhtovosck% rh`ogths% cgjtorhs% rk`ks*

# # #

Bgaoiogjioh cgjthe* Hutkgstocuehioùj y hutkegsoùj* Gsquozkargjoh% hutosck% psoiksos ojahjtoegs*

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Bugek% iueph`oeobhb% `hdh hutkgstoch% cutosck gegitovk* Rrhstkrjks bg pgrskjheobhb* Bgeojiugjioh*

O\IY # 22

ÈPGH BG YHEWB #

Yostgch ihrbokvhsiuehr4 hrrotcohs ihrbãhihs% mopgrtgjsoùj gsgjiohe% cofrhøhs% gjagrcgbhb bg Phyjhub*

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Yostgch jgurkcusiuehr4 phrèeosos% phrgsos% gsphstoiobhb% tgc`ekrgs% tkrtãikeos gsphscùboih% gsphscks% ihehc`rg bge gsiro`ogjtg% sãjbrkcg tgcpkrkchjbo`uehr% igaheghs tgjsokjhegs*

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Yostgch fhstrkojtgstojhe4 trhstkrjks bg eh cktoeobhb gskaèfoih% ikekj orroth`eg% ôeigrhs pïptoihs% ikeotos ueigrksh% ojikjtojgjioh agihe% bohrrgh aujiokjhe% gstrgøocogjtk% jèusghs y vùcotks*

# # #

Yostgch fgjotkurojhrok4 rgtgjioùj urojhroh% ojikjtojgjioh urojhroh% coiioùj gxigsovh* Yostgch jgrvoksk igjtrhe4 gpoegpsoh% bgcgjiohs* Yostgch rgsporhtkrok4 hsch*

# # #

Yostgch bgrchtkeùfoik4 jgurkbgrchtotos% urtoihroh% hijï* Yostgch vosuhe4 gstrh`osck% cokpãh% fehuikch* Yostgch gjbkirojk4 boh`gtgs*

# # #

Yostgch ojcujkeùfoik4 ièjigr% YOBH* Bkekr irùjoik% boscgjkrrgh* Ahioeothr ge iucpeocogjtk bg eks trhthcogjtks -cïboiks% psoikeùfoiks/*

# # #

\rgphrhioùj phrh ojtgrvgjiokjgs quorôrfoihs k phrtks* Hyubh gj eh rgiupgrhioùj y ikjvhegigjioh* Hpkyk gj gsthbks tgrcojhegs*

ÈPGH EH@KPHE # # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk phrh `usihr gcpegk y supgrhr gjtrgvosths y prug`hs bg sgegiioùj* Gjtrgjhcogjtk gj tïijoihs rgqugrobhs pkr ge prkpok gcpegk* Cgdkrh bge rgjbocogjtk k prkbuitovobhb*

# # #

Ikjsgiuioùj bg chykrgs jovgegs bg shtosahiioùj eh`krhe* Gjtrgjhcogjtk y bgshrrkeek bg rgiursks pgrskjhegs* Cgdkrh bg ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ikcphøgrks y gjtrg dgags y su`krbojhbks*

# # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk gj borgiioùj bg krfhjozhiokjgs y frupks* Hucgjtk bg eh sgfurobhb gj ge trh`hdk* Rrhthcogjtk bg eh ojhbhpthioùj eh`krhe y h`hjbkjk bge trh`hdk*

# # #

Ikjtrke bge h`sgjtosck eh`krhe% rgtrhsks gj ge mkrhrok g ojbkegjioh* Ikjtrke bg rk`ks% murtks y sustrhiiokjgs* \rgphrhr he pgrskjhe phrh jugvhs thrghs% trh`hdks y prkagsokjgs*

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\rgphrhioùj phrh eh sotuhioùj bg rgtork*

O\IY # 27

ÈPGH GBWIHROQH # # #

Gjsgøhjzh prkfrhchbh* Ojirgcgjtk bg ehs mh`oeobhbgs bge chgstrk phrh ikjbuior eh iehsg* Ojirgcgjtk bge bgsgcpgøk hihbïcoik gj fgjgrhe y gj èrghs gspgiãaoihs*

# # #

Hucgjtk y cgdkrh bg ehs rgehiokjgs gjtrg ikcphøgrks* Ikjtrke bg ikjbuiths pgrtur`hbkrhs gj iehsg* Ckboaoihioùj bg ehs ikjbuiths bge chgstrk pkr phrtg bg eks heucjks*

## #

Pgbuiioùj bge bg cogbks rgehiokjhbks Pgbuiioùj h`sgjtosck gsikehr* ikj ge ikjtgxtk gsikehr* Boscojuioùj bg eh hjsogbhb hjtg eks gxècgjgs*

# # #

Hucgjtk bg eh irghtovobhb* Bgshrrkeek bg `ugjks mè`otks bg gstubok* Rrhthcogjtk bge rgtrhsk gsikehr*

# #

Hucgjtk bg eh cktovhioùj phrh ge gstubok* Ikjsgiuioùj bg chykrgs jovgegs bg shtosahiioùj gsikehr*

ÈPGH BGE BG\KPRG # #

Ikjtrke bg eks jovgegs bg hitovhioùj gckiokjhe hjtgs y bgspuïs bg eh ikcpgtoioùj* Cgdkrh bg eh gdgiuioùj burhjtg eh ikcpgtoioùj*

# # # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk gj ehs tïijoihs gspgiãaoihs rgqugrobhs* Ckboaoihioùj bg ehs htro`uiokjgs bg ïxotk y arhihsk% cgdkrh bg eh hutkgstoch* Harkjthcogjtk bg sotuhiokjgs ikjaeoitovhs* Cgdkrh bg eh rgehioùj gjtrg ge gjtrgjhbkr y eks bgpkrtosths*

# #

Cgdkrh bg eh ikmgsoùj gjtrg eks cogc`rks bg uj gquopk* Hprgjbozhdg bg rgspugsths bg hutkikjtrke y bg jk rgspkjbgr h ehs prkvkihiokjgs bge pô`eoik u ktrhs pgrskjhs*

O\IY # 21

ÈPGH IKCWJORHPOH # # #

Gjtrgjhcogjtk ikj joøks gj rgskeuioùj bg prk`egchs ojtgrpgrskjhegs y gj mh`oeobhbgs skioh# egs* \rgphrhioùj phrh eh chtgrjobhb+phtgrjobhb* Gbuihioùj phrh eh sheub -jutroioùj% gdgrioiok% ikjtrke bg rotcks bg trh`hdk gxigsovks% mè`otks bg mofogjg ^p*gd*% `uikbgjtheS% eocothioùj bge heikmke% th`hik y ihagãjh/*

# #

\rkfrhchs bg pehjoaoihioùj ahcoeohr* \rkfrhchs bg gbuihioùj sgxuhe y prgvgjioùj bg gjagrcgbhbgs bg trhjscosoùj sgxuhe*

# # #

\rkfrhchs borofobks h eh gvheuhioùj y bosgøk k ihc`ok bg hc`ogjtgs* \rkfrhchs bg gjtrgjhcogjtk borofobks h phrhprkagsokjhegs* \rkfrhchs borofobks h frupks bg pk`ehioùj gspgiãaoiks thegs ikck chgstrks% pgrskjhe tutgehr% pgrskjhe shjothrok% pkeoiãhs% phiogjtgs psoquoètroiks% mopgrtgjsks% ihrboùphths% gstrgøobks% modks bg gsquozkarïjoiks% gti* Kiuphioùj bge togcpk bg kiok*

# # # #

Pghbhpthioùj bg du`oehbks* Cgdkrh bg ikjboiokjgs bg vobh gj eh tgrigrh gbhb -mè`otks bg vobh% mh`oeobhbgs bg hutkiuobh# bk% mh`oeobhbgs skiohegs/* Wsk bge trhjspkrtg pô`eoik*

# # #

Hmkrrk bg gjgrfãh -fhskeojh% gegitroiobhb% ihegahiioùj/* Gcpegk bg eks iojturkjgs bg sgfurobhb* Gjsgøhjzh y pktgjiohioùj bg ehs ikjbuiths bg sgfurobhb vohe*

# # #

Krfhjozhioùj bg gsphioks aãsoiks* Pgiupgrhioùj bg chtgrohegs rgioieh`egs -vobrok% poehs/* \rgvgjioùj bg hrrkdhr `hsurhs gj eufhrgs ojhbgiuhbks*

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\rkfrhchs rgsobgjiohegs4 igjtrks psoquoètroiks bg bãh k pgrchjgjtgs% rgsobgjiohs bg hjiohjks% igjtrks bg hikfobh bg bgeojiugjtgs duvgjoegs% igjtrks pgjotgjiohroks* \osks prktgfobks ikj phbrgs tutkrgs k ikj pgrskjhe tutkr jk rgsobgjtg*

#

O\IY # 26

PGAGPGJIOHY Hjbgrskj% G*C* y Ehc`grt% C*D* -8??7/* Ymkrt#tgrc byjhcoiheey krogjtgb psyimktmgrhpy4 H rgvogw hjb cgth#hjheysos* Ieo# joihe \syimkekfy Pgvogw% 87 % 7<9#782* Èvoeh% H* y \kim% D* -Ikkrbs*/* -8??2/* Chjuhe bg tïijoihs bg psoiktgrhpoh4 Wj gjakqug psoikhjheãtoik* Chbrob4 Yofek ]]O* @hngr% G*E* -8?==/* \soikhjèeosos y psoiktgrhpoh psoikhjheãtoih* Gj Y*D* Eojj y D*\* Fhrsng -Gbs*/% \soiktgrhpohs ikjtgcpkrè# jghs4 Ckbgeks y cïtkbks-pp* 9?#?1/* @oe`hk4 Bgsieïg bg @rkuwgr* -Krofojhe bg 8?=7*/ @grfoj% H*G* y Fhraogeb% Y*E* -Gbs*/* -8??2/* Mhjb`kkn ka psyimktmgrhpy hjb `gmhvokr imhjfg -2ª gb*/* Jugvh _krn4 Voegy* @grjstgoj% B*H* y Jogtzge% C*R* -8?==/* Ojtrkbuiioùj h eh psoikekfãh ieãjoih* Cïxoik4 CiFrhw#Moee* -Krofojhe bg 8?=<*/ @kjfhr% @*C* y @gutegr% E*G* -8??7/* Ikcprgmgjsovg tgxt`kkn kapsyimktmgrhpy4 Rmgkry hjb prhitoig* Jugvh _krn4 Kxakrb Wjovgrsoty \rgss* Ihrrk`egs% D*H* -Gb*/* -8?=7/* Hjèeosos y ckboaoihioùj bg eh ikjbuith OO4 Hpeoihiokjgs ieãjoihs* Chbrob4 W*J*G*B* \rocgrh ujobhb%I*egiioùj Ihsthjgbk% -8?=9/*7*Rgrhpoh fgsthet4 Gjakqug bge hquã y hmkrh* @hrigekjh4 Mgrbgr* Ikbgrim% D* -8??
O\IY # 2= psyimktmgrhpy* Ekjbrgs4 Mhrpgr hjb Pkw* \gnhron% F* -8??9/* @gykjb gaagitovgjgss4 Wsgs ka ikjsucgr#krogjtgb irotgroh gj bgaojojf trghtcgjt suiigss* Gj R*P* Foegs -Gb/% Mhjb`kkn ka gaagitovg psyimktmgrhpy -pp* 2