Drone Nations Al Mac

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Drone Nations liste sted by by Al Mac

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Drone Nations List Nations where Drones Collected by Alis Aliste terr Wil Willia liam m Macin acinty tyre re

88+ + nations operate drones by its government Count = 88 government and people, people, mainly for spying. 110+ nations nations & regions regions have drones, drones, if we includ includee those operated operated by foreigners foreigners.. 11+ 11 + nations used deadly drone attacks, into 19 19+ + nations.

Last Last upda updated ted 2013 Ma March rch 19 Versio Version n 5.2

Table of Contents Introduction (2 Sep 10) ................................................................ ....................................... 2 Doc Stru ructu ture (2 (2 Sep 03)................................................................ ..................... 2 Where in World? (3 Mar 04) ................................................................ .............................. 3 Nations B+ (3 Mar 15) ................................................................ ................................ 5 Nations C+ (3 Mar 13) ................................................................ ................................ 6 Nations E+ (3 Mar 11) ................................................................ ................................ 7 Nations I+ (3 Mar 19) ........................................................ ......................................... 9 Nations J+ (3 Feb 24)................................ ................................................................ 12 Nations L+ (3 Mar 18) ................................................................ .............................. 12 Nations M+ (3 Mar 18) ................................................................ ............................. 13 Nations P+ (3 Mar 10) ................................................................ .............................. 14 Nations R+ (2 Nov 30)............................. ................................................... ................................................................. .............. 15 Nations S+ (3 Feb 26) ........................................................ ....................................... 16 Nations T+ (3 Feb 24)........................................................ 24) ........................................................ ....................................... 18 Nations U+ (3 Feb 24) ................................................................ .............................. 18 Non-Nations Non-Nations and Terrorists Terrorists with Drones (2 Oct 08) ............. ................... ............. ............... .............. ............ ............ ...... 20 Hezbollah drones (2 Oct 29) ................................................................ ..................... 21 International Airspace Waters etc. (2 Nov 10) ......................................................... 23 Outer Space (2 Dec 02)................................................................ 02) ................................................................ ............................. 23 Regions and Continents (3 Jan 29) ............................................................ ................... 23 Non-Proliferation Treaties (2 Oct 08)................................................................ 08) ................................................................ ........... 23 MTCR (2 Oct 08)................................................................ 08) ................................................................ ...................................... 24 Wassenaar (2 Oct 08).......................................................... 08) .......................................................... ...................................... 26 Count Reconciliation (3 Mar 04) ................................................................ .................. 29 Drone Attack by what Nations? (2 Oct 28) .............................................................. 30 Drones Targeted what Nations? (3 Feb 24) .............................................................. 31 Palestine #194 joins UN (2 Nov 30) ................................................................ ......... 31 Nations not in UN (2 Dec 20)................................................................ 20) ................................................................ ................... 33

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Drone Nations in Al Studies / Drones folder

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Drone Foreign Attacks (2 Oct 27) ................................................................ .................... 33 Africa drone attacks (3 Feb 24) .............................................................. .................. 34 Arab Israeli Israeli Drone Drone Conflict (2 Oct 27) ........................................................... .......... 35 Europe drone attacks (2 Oct 27) ............................................................ ................... 35 NATO and Coalition Coalition drone attacks (2 Oct 28) ......................................................... 36 Drone Wars (2 Oct 27)....................................................................... 27)..................... ............................................................................. ........................... 37 Drone Friendly Fire (2 Oct 27) ................................................................ ..................... 37 Mapping Drone Nations and Drone Strikes (2 Oct 26) .................................................... 38 Nati tions where Drones Manufactu tured (3 (3 Mar 11)............. ................... ............. ............... ........ 40 Drone Manufacturers (3 Mar 14) ........................................................... ................... 42 Isr srael el Drone Manufactu turin ing (3 Mar 07)................................................. 44 Document spli lit (3 Mar 19)................................................................ ................... 45 Revision History (3 Feb 26)................................................................. 26).............. ................................................................................ ............................. 47 Dates Issues Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-13 (2 Oct 28)...................................... 48 Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-8 Oct-8 (3 Feb 26) ............................................................ 48 Notes thru 2012 Aug (2 Oct 14) ................................................................ ................... 49

Introd Introduct uction ion (2 (2 Sep 10) This list of nations with drones, is a portion of Al Mac research into the use of drones around the the world, and what the the controversies controversies are all about, about, originally originally found in a companion (main) document = Drone Notes by Al Mac, but also see Document Split for evolving organization of Al Mac notes. The Author of this research, Alister Wm Macintyre, welcomes other people to download copies of Al’s work, but warns th at different cited sources have different attribution and copyright restrictions, so care should be followed downstream, in selecting where to reuse the material. Users of my research hold Alister Wm. Macintyre harmless, and also the places I upload my research to, and agree that my copyright is reserved and that the information is available for the intended purpose of helping my social network friends share an understanding on how humans ought to do a better job of learning about our world, so that we ca n take constructive action to improve it. I am doing this using individual documents focusing on different topics which appear to be vastly misunderstood by policy makers, and large segments of voters, voters, to try to avoid any one one document being excessively large. Some of my research content is direct quotes from other sources. I try to give credit every time I do this, and structure the quotes, so it is pretty obvious that they are quotes.

Doc Stru ructu ture (2 Sep 03) Topic subtitles end in a date signifying signifying when that info was last updated, updated, in the format YEAR MONTH MONTH DAY, DAY, so by viewing table table of contents, we see where most recent input to these research research notes, notes, especially especially aiding people with copy of an earlier ve rsion.

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Drone Foreign Attacks (2 Oct 27) ................................................................ .................... 33 Africa drone attacks (3 Feb 24) .............................................................. .................. 34 Arab Israeli Israeli Drone Drone Conflict (2 Oct 27) ........................................................... .......... 35 Europe drone attacks (2 Oct 27) ............................................................ ................... 35 NATO and Coalition Coalition drone attacks (2 Oct 28) ......................................................... 36 Drone Wars (2 Oct 27)....................................................................... 27)..................... ............................................................................. ........................... 37 Drone Friendly Fire (2 Oct 27) ................................................................ ..................... 37 Mapping Drone Nations and Drone Strikes (2 Oct 26) .................................................... 38 Nati tions where Drones Manufactu tured (3 (3 Mar 11)............. ................... ............. ............... ........ 40 Drone Manufacturers (3 Mar 14) ........................................................... ................... 42 Isr srael el Drone Manufactu turin ing (3 Mar 07)................................................. 44 Document spli lit (3 Mar 19)................................................................ ................... 45 Revision History (3 Feb 26)................................................................. 26).............. ................................................................................ ............................. 47 Dates Issues Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-13 (2 Oct 28)...................................... 48 Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-8 Oct-8 (3 Feb 26) ............................................................ 48 Notes thru 2012 Aug (2 Oct 14) ................................................................ ................... 49

Introd Introduct uction ion (2 (2 Sep 10) This list of nations with drones, is a portion of Al Mac research into the use of drones around the the world, and what the the controversies controversies are all about, about, originally originally found in a companion (main) document = Drone Notes by Al Mac, but also see Document Split for evolving organization of Al Mac notes. The Author of this research, Alister Wm Macintyre, welcomes other people to download copies of Al’s work, but warns th at different cited sources have different attribution and copyright restrictions, so care should be followed downstream, in selecting where to reuse the material. Users of my research hold Alister Wm. Macintyre harmless, and also the places I upload my research to, and agree that my copyright is reserved and that the information is available for the intended purpose of helping my social network friends share an understanding on how humans ought to do a better job of learning about our world, so that we ca n take constructive action to improve it. I am doing this using individual documents focusing on different topics which appear to be vastly misunderstood by policy makers, and large segments of voters, voters, to try to avoid any one one document being excessively large. Some of my research content is direct quotes from other sources. I try to give credit every time I do this, and structure the quotes, so it is pretty obvious that they are quotes.

Doc Stru ructu ture (2 Sep 03) Topic subtitles end in a date signifying signifying when that info was last updated, updated, in the format YEAR MONTH MONTH DAY, DAY, so by viewing table table of contents, we see where most recent input to these research research notes, notes, especially especially aiding people with copy of an earlier ve rsion.

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Version numbers are incremented, as replacement editions of

this document are

periodically periodically uploaded various places for convenience convenience of other people who can then pick and choose which which of my research efforts efforts they wish to download, and also see if the last version I have uploaded is numbered numbered beyond the last that they downloaded. Original sources, and and how the doc is ultimately copied, shared, accessed, hyperlinks sometimes sometimes become inoperative, inoperative, for some people, so I now often upload both Doc and PDF versions, to help with that challenge.

Some chapter headings have # symbol, after date of last update. This means source(s) here have estimates of # drone attacks, persons killed, injured, who are justified targets and who are alleged alleged innocent victims, or collateral damage. Figures vary significantly for many reasons, discussed in Drone Notes. Some chapter headings have $ symbol, after date of last update. This means source(s) here have estimates of cost of drones, taxpayer investments, or what it costs for ordinary people to get into this market. Some chapter headings have ! symbol, after date of last update. This means content here includes what I consider to be: seriously controversial; wild speculation; conspiracy theory; or many people (sometimes including me) have serious doubts of the factual basis. The content can be either the the myth, or debunking info. There are multiple areas of dispute, so I may later add to symbol collection to help with that. My general policy on chapter breaks is to try to have no more than two pages for one chapter. When some chapter runs longer than that, I periodically review to see if it can be broken up into something more digestible.

Where Where in World? World? (3 (3 Mar 04) 04) Here, by nation, are links showing how we know Drones operational in those nations, sometimes thanks to other nations, identified.1 Not all of them are military. Drones have many peaceful applications. Afghanistan2 Afghanistan Attacked by Drones from US, Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany. 3  

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http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/wh o-else-has-drones/ Afghanistan now has its own drone air force http://americansecurityproject.org/ http://americ ansecurityproject.org/featured-items/2013/aspfeatured-items/2013/asp-fellow-for-asymmetr fellow-for-asymmetric-operations-joshu ic-operations-joshua-fousta-foustwas-featured-in-global-post-discus was-featured-inglobal-post-discussing-the-promised-del sing-the-promised-delivery-of-a-fle ivery-of-a-fleet-of-unmanned-reconnais et-of-unmanned-reconnaissancesanceaircraft-to-the-afghan-air-force/ 3 Afghanistan: See chapter on Statistics in Drone Notes. http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/11/drones-afghan-air-war/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle 2

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Drone Nations liste sted by by Al Mac     

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Algeria4 Angola5 Argentina6 Armenia7 Australia uses drones purchased from Israel. Israel.8

http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-s http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issu e-are-us-drone-strikes-in-southtrikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-eth asia-middle-east-ethicalical97033/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-poli http://www.mepc.org/journ al/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-w cy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-americ arfare-blowback-new-american-wayan-waywar?print https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-cen https://dronew arsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-cr tury-of-drone-crashes/ ashes/ http://americansecurityproject.org/ http://americ ansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-opera issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strat tions/the-strategic-effects-ofegic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronesa-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/24/immora http://www.guardian .co.uk/world/2012/oct/24/immorality-and-illegality lity-and-illegality-drone-warfare?newsf -drone-warfare?newsfeed=true eed=true http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1741690/US-dronehttp://www.sbs.com.au/news/art icle/1741690/US-drone-debate-may-affect-A debate-may-affect-Australia ustralia

Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Briefing-Final2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Bri efing-Final2 US Drone in Afghanistan becomes a “runaway” and has to be shot down. http://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-s http://www.popsci.com/mili tary-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-09/w pace/article/2009-09/when-drones-go-wildhen-drones-go-wild-air-forceair-forceshoots-them-down Afghanistan wants their their own drones. The USA is not helping, so Afghanistan is shopping around to China, India, Russia, other potential suppliers http://aviationintel.com/2012/10/08/kar http://aviat ionintel.com/2012/10/08/karzai-begging-for-i zai-begging-for-indigenous-aviationndigenous-aviation-assets-will-go-toassets-will-go-to-russia-chinarussia-chinaand-india-if-us-does-not-act/ Info about US drones killing in Afghanistan, where permission to access US Government d ata is uncertain. http://icrac.net/2012/04/2100-page-cen http://icra c.net/2012/04/2100-page-centcom-report-on-afghantcom-report-on-afghan-drone-victims/ drone-victims/ See summaries end 2009 2010 in Drone Dates. 4 Algeria http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/l http://www.latimes.com/n ews/nationworld/world/la-fg-obama-drone-20130223,0,7202135. a-fg-obama-drone-20130223,0,7202135.story story http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/wh http://blogs.cf r.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ o-else-has-drones/ 5 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/ http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/whozenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ else-has-drones/ 6 Argentina https://en.wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmann /wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicle ed_aerial_vehicless See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 7 Armenia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krunk_UAV http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4296758,00.html http://www.minnpost.com/global-post/2012/10/dronehttp://www.minnpost.com/gl obal-post/2012/10/drone-violence-along-armeni violence-along-armenian-azerbaijani-borderan-azerbaijani-border-couldcouldlead-war 8 Australia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of https://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicl _unmanned_aerial_vehicles es https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-cen https://dronew arsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-cr tury-of-drone-crashes/ ashes/ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-08/australia http://www.abc.net.au/news/201206-08/australias-drone-war-in-afghani s-drone-war-in-afghanistan/4058058 stan/4058058 http://www.smh.com.au/national/flying-drones-a-s http://www.smh.com.au/national /flying-drones-a-safety-threat-atafety-threat-at-airports-20120910-25nds.h airports-20120910-25nds.html tml http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/09/26/going-mad-with-drones/ http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/drones-opti http://tvnz.co.nz/w orld-news/drones-option-australia-s-def on-australia-s-defence-5354204 ence-5354204 http://www.dronejournalismlab.org/post/4456980214 http://www.dronejourn alismlab.org/post/44569802144/drones-set-for-l 4/drones-set-for-large-scale-commercial arge-scale-commercial-take-off-in -take-off-in According to https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/6-who-has-drones-2/ Directory of Who has Drones , per Drone Wars UK, Australia has 8 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. US drones sold to Australia https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/280.pdf See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Australian forces have deployed Israeli-owned drones in Afghanistan on lease from a Canadian company. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1741690/US-dronehttp://www.sbs.com.au/news/art icle/1741690/US-drone-debate-may-affect-A debate-may-affect-Australia ustralia US Drones based in Australia: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-03/revealed-us-f http://www.abc.net.au/new s/2012-09-03/revealed-us-flew-drone-missions-f lew-drone-missions-from-australia/4236306 rom-australia/4236306

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac  

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Austria9 Azerbaijan10

Nations B+ (3 Mar 15)      

Belarus11 Belgium12 US Drones over Bosnia.13 Botswana14 Brazil15 Britain (United Kingdom)16

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/aviation-buffs-uncover-us-drone-launches/story-fn59niix1226464279669 See summary end 2010 in Drone Dates. Drone finds missing hiker: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/10/07/uav_challenge_canberra_win/ Paparazzi http://www.theage.com.au/technology/technology-news/privacy-fears-as-drones-move-into-mainstream20130217-2elcj.html 9 Austria https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 10 Azerbaijan http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4296758,00.html http://www.minnpost.com/global-post/2012/10/drone-violence-along-armenian-azerbaijani-border-couldlead-war Azerbaijan allegedly has Israeli drones, with USA weapons conducting spying missions over Iran's shared border with Karabakh, and of course Iran is upset about this. Israel and Azerbaijan denied the allegations http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/12/reports_of_israeli_d.php 11 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 12 Belgium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 13 http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=40516 14 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 15 Brazil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/sports/soccer/plans-to-use-drones-during-confederations-cup-inbrazil.html 16 Britain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://www.globalresearch.ca/britains-new-drone-squadron/5309232 http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2012/10/unmanned-drone-squadron-stood-up-at-raf-waddington/ http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-mini-drone-battlefield-20130204,0,4050682.story Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/jan/16/drones-unmanned-aircraft http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/24/immorality-and-illegality-drone-warfare?newsfeed=true See summaries end 2008 2009 in Drone Dates.

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac   

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Bulgaria17 Burkino Faso18 Burundi19

Nations C+ (3 Mar 13)    

Canada20 is looking to buy drones which will function in the Arctic. 21 Central African Republic22 Chile23 China (PRC)24

Britain has lost almost 450 military drones in Iraq and Afghanistan http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/feb/12/450-british-military-drones-lost http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-21808253 Police in Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK, are buying 2 drones @ about 1 million pounds each, to watch over the upcoming G8 summit there. 17 Bulgaria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 18 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 19 Burundi http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13946702 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 20 Canadian domestic police have drones: http://www.theprovince.com/news/Editorial+Rules+police+drones+need+established/7886205/story.html See summaries end 2008 2009 2010 in Drone Dates. 21 Canada: http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/us-defense-firm-may-build-arctic-drones-canada http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/case+armed+drones+Canada/7175031/story.html See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 22 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 23 Chile https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 24 China http://india.nydailynews.com/business/f83a20a35018230cf523e6ac161a0943/china-to-deploy-drones-formarine-surveillance https://rt.com/news/mind-controlled-drone-china-157/ http://thediplomat.com/2013/03/02/here-comes-chinas-drones/ http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-drone-swarms-rise-challenge-us-power173949154.html;_ylt=A2KJ2UiJ8UBR214APb7QtDMD See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See summary end 2011 in Drone Dates. China: See Venezuela. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-10/21/content_15834940.htm One of the pictures here, is of a Chinese drone. http://aviationintel.com/2012/10/18/chinese-take-out-the-red-dragons-growing-air-combat-capability-inpictures/ http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-03-01/guest-post-here-comes-chinas-drones

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac      

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Columbia25 Congo,26 Democratic Republic Croatia27 Czech Republic28 Denmark 29 Djibouti30

Nations E+ (3 Mar 11) 

Ecuador31

According to this article, some of China’s killer drones are aimed at Russia: http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/123408-2012-11-27-china-unveils-new-killer-drones-aims-themat-russia.htm#.ULXKld5FLQw.google_plusone_share Thanks to America demonstrating the value of drones, then America blocking sales to other nations, this has created a market demand, which China is filling, according to: http://www.gulftimes.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=523292&version=1&template_id=46&parent_id=26 25 Columbia http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2012/10/26/colombia-to-develop-its-own-drone-program-to-combatdrug-trafficking/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 26 UN wants to use drones to monitor fighting between Congo and Rwanda. UN Security Council has approved this. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/plans-spy-drones-eastern-congo-18305791 http://news.yahoo.com/u-n-security-council-allows-drones-eastern-congo-180052240.html http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1Mg8u5k0LNqU8qxGUHVN33C9aQ?docId=CNG.8f657e7756ba3cc13598d43a03fa008d.591 According to a post in drone-list (you must be a subscriber to view) https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/private/drone-list/2013-February/000498.html The UN will be deploying more forces to the Congo, including 3 drones. The intervention would be under the direct operational command of the MONUSCO force commander. The force will be aided by three surveillance drones, which U.N. peacekeeping chief Herve Ladsous has said he hopes will be deployed by the summer.

https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 27 Croatia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 28 Czech Republic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 29 http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Denmark buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf 30 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/10/secret-drone-base/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/remote-us-base-at-core-of-secretoperations/2012/10/25/a26a9392-197a-11e2-bd10-5ff056538b7c_story.html In the USA, the FAA will not permit drones to be flown by people unless t hey have a commercial pilot’s license. In the US military, people may crash multi-million $ drones because they do not have a clue about flying procedures, or controls. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drone-crashes-mount-at-civilian-airportsoverseas/2012/11/30/e75a13e4-3a39-11e2-83f9-fb7ac9b29fad_story.html?tid=pm_pop https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter.

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac         

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Egypt32 Estonia33 Ethiopia34 Europe is not a nation, but a group of nations, which sometimes act together. 35 Finland36 France and French Army Drones37 Gaza38 Georgia39 Germany40

31

Ecuador http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html 32 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 33 http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Estonia buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf 34 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ US flying drones from Ethiopia civilian airport: https://publicintelligence.net/u-s-flying-drone-missions-from-civilian-airport-in-ethiopia/ https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 35

France, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Greece and Switzerland, in combination, have developed the NEURON, a stealth drone. http://aviationintel.com/2012/12/03/the-rise-of-the-machineseuropes-neuron-fires-into-the-sky-for-the-first-time/

http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a01329aef79a7Post%3a71b969d2-a785-494b-807b-6071d7fe7794 36

Finland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 37 France: http://www.defpro.com/news/details/36390/?SID=438081094585130fe3b3722aa811e392 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles

Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Briefing-Final2 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. See Europe’s NEURON. 38 Gaza see Israel Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-285/

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/middleeast/lebanon-says-israeli-planescircled-its-airspace-for-an-hour.html?ref=world 39

Georgia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 2008 Drone War between Georgia and Russia http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race 40 Germany used unmanned aircraft in WW II. http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-germany-dronesl6e8j3q1c-20120803,0,6479969.story http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/31/ucav-fever-is-spreading/

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac   

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Greece41 Hong Kong42 Hungary43

Nations I+ (3 Mar 19)   

India44 Indonesia45 Iran had Drones before US started using them over Iran. 46

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles https://www.wsws.org/articles/2012/aug2012/dron-a16.shtml http://www.thelocal.de/national/20130125-47549.html http://www.cassidian.com/en_US/web/guest/first-sensor-test-flight-of-euro-hawk-successfullyaccomplished http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/are-laser-firing-drones-weed-killers-future-795307 http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=en&id=159707 See summaries end 2008 2009 in Drone Dates. See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ 41 Greece https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ See Europe’s NEURON . 42 DJI company, in Hong Kong, manufactures drones, according to

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/11/companies-making-drones_n_2849569.htm l 43 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 44 India: http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065926989 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See summary end 2012 in Drone Dates. See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 45 Indonesia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots 46 Iran – March 2013 I started Drone Iran, to try to keep track of a high volume of incidents. April 18, 2010 : Iran displays one of their drones during Army Day celebrations. See picture # six. http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/04/us/new-york-drone-report/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/top-iran-official-says-tehran-to-fit-self-made-long-range-dronewith-missiles-1.462262 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4276196,00.html http://www.silive.com/opinion/columns/index.ssf/2012/10/america_should_brace_for_blowb.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/iran-drones-israel_n_1970868.html See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9107146918 Iran claims first VTOL drone (vertical take off and landing) which I know is bogus, due to medical helicopter drones used to deliver medical supplies in mountainous regions where nothing else can land or take off. http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/11/03/270194/iran-builds-worlds-first-vtol-drone/ http://cryptome.org/2013/03/opisrael-archive.htm

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac    

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US Drones over Iran overhead at least since 2010.47 US Drone Attacks in Iraq.48 Ireland49 Israel started using Drones after the 1973 Yom Kippur War.50

Iranian "Small Scale" Drones : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghods_Mohajer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghods_Ababil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karrar_(UCAV) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_129 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghods_Saeghe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofreh_Mahi 47

US drones captured by Iran: http://www.barackobama.ir/en/news/10521 See Dec 2012 in Drone Dates (time line), moved to Drone Iran, for more info about this claim. Also see Venezuela here, and Drone Notes chapter on “Hacker and Malware Concerns” Azerbaijan allegedly has Israeli drones, with USA weapons conducting spying missions over Iran's shared border with Karabakh, and of course Iran is upset about this. Israel and Azerbaijan denied the allegations http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/12/reports_of_israeli_d.php This next link now appears to be broken: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-sees-intelligence-surge-as-boost-toconfidence/2012/04/07/gIQAlCha2S_story.html 48 Iraq: See chapter on Statistics in Drone Notes. See summaries end 2009 2010 in Drone Dates. http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ 49 Ireland: http://www.herald.ie/news/rise-of-the-drones-29088035.html The Irish Aviation Authority confirmed that it has licensed eight users to operate unmanned aerial systems (UAS) or remotely piloted aircraft systems. All weigh less than 150kg. Drones are also built in Ireland. 50 Israel: http://defense-update.com/20121231_more-hermes-900-drones-for-idf.html http://world.time.com/2012/10/23/riding-the-thermals-inside-hizballahs-drone-mostly-hot-air/ http://www.jta.org/news/article/2013/03/04/3120936/israeli-drones-play-ever-larger-role-in-idf According to https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/6-who-has-drones-2/ Directory of Who has Drones , per Drone Wars UK, Australia has 8 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. Israel is selling drones in Asia and Latin America, according to: http://www.gulftimes.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=523292&version=1&template_id=46&parent_id=26

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac

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See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. See chapter on Palestine joining the UN with less than full member status. American Security Project (ASP)51 provides a reference on Israel use of drones in Palestine. L. Hajjar, “International Humanitarian Law and “Wars on Terror: A Comparative Analysis of Israeli and American Doctrines and Policies,” Journal of Palestine

Studies, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 21-42, 2006. Hajjar’s paper offers a comparative examination of how Israeli and US policies in their wars on terror decant from traditional norms and international humanitarian law (IHL). Using the second intifada and the current US war on terror as examples, Hajjar argues that neither country actually ignores IHL. Rather, each country seeks to reinterpret IHL in such a manner that it may continue to pursue its political agenda by its preferred means. ASP Assessment: Paper is very specific to IHL, but broad in regards to policies. It is most useful in understanding IHL in relation to any policy that may endorse targeted killings, but is difficult to relate directly to US drone programs.



Italy52

And: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012116114514211617.html https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/sports/soccer/plans-to-use-drones-during-confederations-cup-inbrazil.html See summaries end 2010 2011 2012 in Drone Dates. Azerbaijan allegedly has Israeli drones, with USA weapons conducting spying missions over Iran's shared border with Karabakh, and of course Iran is upset about this. Israel and Azerbaijan denied the allegations http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/12/reports_of_israeli_d.php Israel shoots down a drone, origin unknown. They do know it did not launch from Gaza. There have been drones launched in the past, against Israel, b y the Iran-backed Lebanese militia Hezbollah. Israel radio reported that it appeared to be an intelligence gathering drone. See Hezbollah chapter after nations listed. http://www.nationalterroralert.com/2012/10/06/israel-shoots-down-unpiloted-aircraft-reports-say/ http://www.debka.com/article/22416/ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/iran-drones-israel_n_1970868.html http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/10/06/israel-shoots-down-unpiloted-aircraft-reports-say/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ which says USA and Israel are primary exporters of drones, for now. https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Israel is developing a stealth drone. They will need one to go after Iran. http://aviationintel.com/2012/12/03/israel-developing-a-stealth-ucav/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 51 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 52 Italy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303395604577432323658176792.html See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac 

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Ivory Coast53

Nations J+ (3 Feb 24)      

Japan54 Jordan55 Kazakhstan56 Kenya57 Korea, South, see South Korea58 Kuwait59

Nations L+ (3 Mar 18)    

Latvia60 Lebanon61 Lesotho62 Libya.63

https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ http://www.dronejournalismlab.org/post/44561302250/drone-journalism-off-the-ground-in-italy See summary end 2010 in Drone Dates.

Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Briefing-Final2 See Europe’s NEURON. 53 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 54 Japan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Crop Dusting by Drones in Japan http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/uas/media/UAS_FACT_Sheet.pdf Drones and Robots attempt to do some cleanup at Fukushima http://www.tgdaily.com/hardware-features/56852-robot-fails-to-complete-japanese-nuke-plant-mission 55 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 56 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 57 Kenya http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-kenya-usa-militarybre86k0h0-20120721,0,2844488.story https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 58 Korea, South http://www.voanews.com/content/u_moves_to_sell_spy_drones_to_south_korea/1572398.html See summary end 2012 in Drone Dates. 59 See Cruise Missile in Drone Terms. The USA has exported them to Kuwait. 60 Latvia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 61 Lebanon https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Lebanon buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf

See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. 62

Lesotho Lesotho Medical Rescue http://matternet.net/2011/08/22/lesotho/

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Lithuania64

Nations M+ (3 Mar 18)     

Malaysia65 Mali66 Mauritania67 Mexico68 Morocco69

63

Libya before overthrow of Qadaffi

See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Libya during the over-throw of Quadaffi http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.ihs.com/products/Global-Insight/industry-economic-report.aspx?ID=1065929426 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print

Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Briefing-Final2 Libya after US ambassador killed in attacks under cover of protests against a film http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/14/us-protests-libya-airport-idUSBRE88D0PJ20120914 US drones over the city, with the knowledge of Libyan government what they doing -> anti-aircraft fire against the drones, attributed to some groups, maybe not yet confirmed -> airport closed There is an air base in Libya used by US and France for operations in Mali. https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. According to a Dec 2012 report by HRF = www.humanrightsfirst.org Libya already has their own drones. Here is a confirmation: http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/03/17/libyan-drones-take-to-skies-for-first-time/ 64 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 65 Malaysia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 66 France and USA send drones into Mali http://www.thehawkeye.com/story/BC-World-Briefly-102312 http://www.nujournal.com/page/content.detail/id/260107/France-to-send-drones-to-Maliregion.html?isap=1&nav=5033 http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-deploys-u-s-predator-drones-to-north-africa https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. Also see allegations in UN investigation launched Jan 24 2013, referenced in Drone Dates and Drone Scribd. 67 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 68 Mexico See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Mexico military drone crashes in USA http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/12/17/texas.mexican.drone/index.html See summary end 2010 in Drone Dates. 69 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac       

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Nepal uses drones to catch poachers.70 Netherlands71 New Zealand72 Niger73 Nigeria74 Norway75 Oman76

Nations P+ (3 Mar 10)  

Pakistan has drones independently of the ones USA using in attacks there.77 US Drone Attacks in Pakistan.78

70

Nepal http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/nepal-launches-drones-to-combat-poachers-2012062120pd9.html http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots 71 Netherlands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Dutch police http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Technology/2013/03/18/Dutch-question-police-use-ofdrones/UPI-95391363614754/ 72 New Zealand http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10868674 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 73 Niger https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/world/africa/in-niger-us-troops-set-up-drone-base.html http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-deploys-u-s-predator-drones-to-north-africa http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/22/letter-president-concerning-niger http://www.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=119361 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 74 Nigeria See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 75 Norway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 76 See Cruise Missile in Drone Terms. The USA has exported them to Oman. 77 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles I have had Pakistan on my list of nations with domestic drones for some time, yet this article seems to i ndicate that Pakistan getting armed drones is a new surprise for the author. http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/pakistan-racing-todevelop-armed-drones-but-lacks-key-technology-china-offers-help/2012/11/17/e2f293e6-30eb-11e2-af1767abba0676e2_story.html We all should know that Pakistan’s enemies and US enemies only overlap, are not the same people. Just as some US drones kill Pakistan friends, when Pakistan has similar technology, some Pakistan drones will kill some US friends. That is one reason for US slowing Pakistan development. 78 Pakistan: See chapters on Maps; Statistics; Pakistan; International Law, in Drone Notes. See chapters on International Law implications in Drone Scribd. See summaries end 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 in Drone Dates. Also: http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ http://dawn.com/2012/09/28/pakistan-endorses-drones-rejects-method-khar/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac      

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Palestine79 – Also see Israel. Panama80 Peru81 Philippines82 Poland83 Portugal84

Nations R+ (2 Nov 30)  

Romania85 Russia86

http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=175816 http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/09/todays-headlines-and-commentary-279/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/09/drone-strikes-in-pakistan-damaging-and-counterproductivestudy-finds/ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\09\04\story_4-9-2012_pg3_5 http://www.newsleader.com/article/20120929/OPINION02/309290019/Obama-s-furtive-drone-war-goesunchallenged?odyssey=nav|head http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://world.time.com/2012/10/23/drones-a-non-issue-in-u-s-presidential-debate-riles-pakistan/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/86681294/Pakistan-Has-Drones-That-Save-Lives Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 79 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See chapter on Hezbollah use of drones. See chapter on Palestine becoming #194 member of UN. 80 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 81 Peru https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=drones-accelerate-archaeological-si-12-12-31 82 Philippines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Did the USA do a drone strike in the Philippines in 2006? http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-09/an-philippines-us-drone/4119604 83 Poland http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/31/ucav-fever-is-spreading/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 84 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 85 Romania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 86 Russia: See Venezuela, http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/31/ucav-fever-is-spreading/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 2008 Drone War between Russia and Georgia http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race

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Ruwanda87

Nations S+ (3 Feb 26)        

Sahara, the88 Saudi Arabia89 Serbia90 Seychelles91 Singapore92 Slovakia93 Slovenia94 US Drone Attacks in Somalia.95

According to this article, some of China’s killer dron es are aimed at Russia: http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/123408-2012-11-27-china-unveils-new-killer-drones-aims-themat-russia.htm#.ULXKld5FLQw.google_plusone_share 87 UN wants to use drones to monitor fighting between Congo and Rwanda. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1Mg8u5k0LNqU8qxGUHVN33C9aQ?docId=CNG.8f657e7756ba3cc13598d43a03fa008d.591 88

https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 89 Saudi Arabia has a base for US drones. http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/CIA-operates-drone-base-in-Saudi-Arabia-4254146.php http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2013/02/06/new-york-times-broke-informalarrangement-on-drones/ 90 Serbia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 91 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ In the USA, the FAA will not permit drones to be flown by people unless they have a commercial pilot’s license. In the US military, people may crash multi-million $ drones because they do not have a clue about flying procedures, or controls. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drone-crashes-mount-at-civilian-airportsoverseas/2012/11/30/e75a13e4-3a39-11e2-83f9-fb7ac9b29fad_story.html?tid=pm_pop Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 92 Singapore https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 93 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 94 Slovenia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 95 Somalia: See Drone Notes chapter on Statistics. http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/world/obama-admits-us-fight-of-al-qaeda-has-extended-to-somaliaand-yemen.html?_r=1 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac          

3/19/2013 12:34:43 PM

Uganda Drone attacks in Somalia96 South Africa97 South Korea, see Korea, South98 US Drones to South America99 Spain100 Sri Lanka101 US Drone use in Sudan, South102 Sweden103 Switzerland104 Syrian government uses drone attack on Syrian Civilians, 105

Here is an article entitled “American’s secret war in Africa” which really means Somalia, in the context of the article … I guess it was secret from the people who wrote the articl e, because there have been a LOT of other articles about this, before they stumbled over it. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/08/somalia-drones/ http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/06/proxy-detention-in-somalia-and-the-detention-drone-tradeoff/ The USA helped the UN establish an arms embargo to Somalia 20 years ago, and now the US is in violation of that UN agreement, which allows for nations to get exemptions, but the US is not applying for them. The US is blatantly violating the agreement the US helped craft. https://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2012/07/somalia_arms.html http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/10/secret-drone-base/ Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2

https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 96 http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-08-03/clinton-sudan/56727774/1 97 South Africa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 98 South Korea, Republic of See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/10/09/korea-developing-kamikaze-attack-drone/ http://www.voanews.com/content/u_moves_to_sell_spy_drones_to_south_korea/1572398.html 99 http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/drones-south-america/ 100 Spain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 101 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 102 Sudan, South http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-08-03/clinton-sudan/56727774/1 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 103 Sweden https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ See Europe’s NEURON. 104 Switzerland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Syria See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. See Europe’s NEURON. 105 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-12/52-killed-in-syria-as-troops-pound-rebels-strongholds/4064990

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Syria uses Iranian-made drones.106

Nations T+ (3 Feb 24)      

Taiwan107 Tanzania108 Thailand109 Trinidad and Tobago110 Tunisia111 Turkey112

Nations U+ (3 Feb 24)     

Uganda113 UK see Britain Ukraine114 United Arab Emirates115 (UAE) United Arab Republics116

106

http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/07/syria-drones/ Taiwan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 108 http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/372086/age-of-drone-and-robots 109 Thailand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 110 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 111 Tunisia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 112 Turkey https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130304/DEFREG01/303040018/Turkey-Buy-10-Locally-MadeAnka-Drones?odyssey=nav|head Turkey wants to use US military drones against militants of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65614 http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/27/flying-blind-why-armed-drones-may-detract-from-turkish-security/ See summaries end 2011 2012 in Drone Dates. 113 Uganda, see Somalia http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-08-03/clinton-sudan/56727774/1 http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-kenya-usa-militarybre86k0h0-20120721,0,2844488.story See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ Uganda buys drones from USA https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2013/278.pdf http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13946702 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 114 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 115 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-72521-Use-of-Shamsi-for-drones-had-a-Pak-nod http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/18/us-emirates-drones-idUSBRE91H0AY20130218 http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-predator-drone-sale-20130223,0,6933108.story 116 See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ 107

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United States of America117 Venezuela is using Drones made in Russia118 Venezuela is building its own drones, with help from China, Russia, Iran, and other countries, according to their President.119 Vietnam,120 independently of US in Vietnam War. The USA used Drones in the Vietnam War.121 (1960’s-1970’s) US Drone Attacks in Yemen.122

117

USA: Prominent in all my Drone documents. See many chapters of Drone Notes, including: Maps; Statistics; International Law . Also see International Law in Drone Scribd. Inventory of US military drones: https://publicintelligence.net/dod-uas-inventory-through-2017/ Lists of USAF drone official mishaps (not including those still a secret): https://publicintelligence.net/us-air-force-uas-mishaps-1997-2011/ See listing http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ which says USA and Israel are primary exporters of drones, for now. https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 Al Jazeera “Fault Lines” series looks at US use of drones and robotic weaponry. http://icrac.net/2012/03/robot-wars-documentary/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles Iran claims to capture US drones: http://www.barackobama.ir/en/news/10521 See Dec 2012 in Drone Dates (time line) for more info about this claim. 118 http://www.wandtv.com/story/18783048/chavez-venezuela-making-drones-assembling-rifles 119 http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-venezuela-iran-dronebre85d14n20120614,0,273634.story 120 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 121 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle 122 Yemen: See chapter on Statistics in Drone Notes. See summaries end 2011 2012 in Drone Dates. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/opinion/how-drones-help-al-qaeda.html http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Yemen/code/Yemen-strike.php http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/yemeni-president-acknowledges-approving-usdrone-strikes/2012/09/29/09bec2ae-0a56-11e2-afff-d6c7f20a83bf_story.html http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/11/opinion/bergen-yemen-drone-war/index.html http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/10/secret-drone-base/ http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com/2012/10/quicktake-drones-sometimes-kill-the-wrong-peoplegregory-johnsen41579/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+middleeastvoices%2Ffull feed+%28Middle+East+Voices+-+Full+Feed%29 Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.scribd.com/doc/84993286/Drone-WarsBriefing-Final2 http://www.factoverfiction.com/article/983 Fact over Fiction has retired, see News & Research. http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/world/obama-admits-us-fight-of-al-qaeda-has-extended-to-somaliaand-yemen.html?_r=1 http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/06/at-issue-are-us-drone-strikes-in-south-asia-middle-east-ethical97033/ http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137760/christopher-swift/the-drone-blowback-fallacy

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3/19/2013 12:34:43 PM

Contrary to a common misconception, most drones are not weaponized. US military statistics indicate that only 4-5% of US military drones carry weapons. Most drones in the skies are used for surveillance. The military also operates drones on the ground, on and under the sea. We also have robot drones in outer space.

Drones are not all operated by some person at some remote site. Many drones are operated by someone on the ground who can see the drone involved. Typically there is one person piloting the thing, seeing what it can see, and another observer watching what is all around the drone, to help try to avoid collisions. Some drones are operated by another person in a manned chase plane. Some are now self-operated, using some internally loaded programming, which tells them what to do. Those kinds can refuel in mid-air, like man operated aircraft, and they can also land on air craft carriers. I do not know how they get landing permission, since air craft carriers are often quite busy with man operated flights.

Non-Nations and Terrorists with Drones (2 Oct 08) I address potential developing threats in my Drone Notes, and define some of them in Drone Terms. Also note Drone Issues. UN wants to use drones to monitor fighting between Congo and Rwanda.123 So add UN to the list of non-nations with drones. According to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July , Sep 2011, the FBI arrested an individual in the US on charges that he planned 

to crash radio-controlled unmanned airplanes loaded with explosives into the U.S. Capitol and the Pentagon.

https://www.npr.org/2012/07/06/156367047/yemen-airstrikes-punish-militants-andcivilians?sc=17&f=1001 https://www.npr.org/2012/05/17/152854335/why-the-u-s-is-aggressively-targeting-yemen https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ Some US Drone Usage in Yemen, was at the request of the Yemen government. http://main.omanobserver.om/node/100875 The Yemen government is making it very difficult to get good counts of how many killed by US drones. http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/12/the-washington-post-on-drones-and-civilian-casualties-in-yemen/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/when-us-drones-kill-civilians-yemens-governmenttries-to-conceal-it/2012/12/24/bd4d7ac2-486d-11e2-8af9-9b50cb4605a7_story.html The USA is buying a fleet of spy planes, which will be operated by the Yemeni government. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/11/yemen-spy-planes/ https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ Also see Africa Drone Attacks chapter. 123 http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1Mg8u5k0LNqU8qxGUHVN33C9aQ?docId=CNG.8f657e7756ba3cc13598d43a03fa008d.591

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Hezbollah drones (2 Oct 29) According to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July , 

Hezbollah is one terrorist organization which has acquired and used UAV technology to date.

There was a story in the news in October 2012 about a drone over Israel, where Israel thought it was from Iran, tried to hack it down, failed, so then they shot it down. The Oct 6 drone incursion was subsequently traced to Hezbollah. 124

Iran claims to have pictures of Israeli military bases, taken by the crashed drone.125 Both Iran and Hezbollah claim to have sent other drones over Israel, which Israel did not notice, did not react to. Now that Israel has the crashed evidence, they find that some of the on-board equipment was made in Germany.126 Lawfare points at some of the early reports, Oct 8, 2012 QUOTE 127 Over the weekend, Israel announced that it had shot down a drone that had penetrated its airspace. Here’s John Villasenor over at Slate on the news’ implications,128 Bloomberg129 with Israel’s remarks, the AP on Israel’s flyover 130 131 over Lebanon in response , the New York Times story on Israel’s flyover , 132 and Guy Azriel of CNN with video of the drone being shot down:

Speaking of drones, there’s a protest underway led by Pakistani politician Imram 133 Khan along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border . Here’s Ishtiaq Mahsud of the 135 AP ,134 and Salman Masood of the New York Times on the protests.

124

http://www.silive.com/opinion/columns/index.ssf/2012/10/america_should_brace_for_blowb.html http://world.time.com/2012/10/23/riding-the-thermals-inside-hizballahs-drone-mostly-hot-air/ http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/the-real-purpose-of-the-hezbollah-drone.premium-1.472441 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/20121017145040613579.html http://tehrantimes.com/opinion/102606-the-collapse-of-iron-dome 125 http://www.newsday.com/news/world/report-iran-has-drone-pictures-of-israeli-bases-1.4166799 http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/10/30/new-iranian-surveillance-drones-likely-expert-says 126 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4293342,00.html 127 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-285/ 128

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html 129 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-07/israel-says-drone-origin-being-probed-amid-hezbollahlink-report.html 130 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443294904578042861902724622.html 131 https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/middleeast/lebanon-says-israeli-planes-circled-its-airspacefor-an-hour.html?ref=world 132 http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/07/world/meast/israel-downed-drone/ 133 See Oct 2012 in Drone Dates. Thousands of people involved in this protest. 134 http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pakistan-motorcade-protesting-us-drones-sets-off17412632#.UHLOVlLXeyE

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Here’s NPR’s Dina Temple- Raston’s latest report on U.S. drone strike policy in 136 Pakistan. UNQUOTE The Slate article raises important questions about the ability of Israel, or any nation for that matter, ability to detect hostile drones, and intercept them, before they do any harm.137 According to Lawfare, Oct 12, 2012 QUOTE 138 There was a drone strike yesterday that killed 18 insurgents yesterday along the 139 Afghan-Pakistan border. Hezbollah officials acknowledged that the drone that Israel shot down last

weekend was theirs. Here’s the Journal , on the subject.

140

141

the Jerusalem Post

142

and the Times

UNQUOTE The Jerusalem Post said the drone was shot down with a Patriot surface to air missile. 143 Slate said the drone was shot down by an Israeli fighter jet air to air missile. 144 The Wall Street Journal wrote Oct 11, 2012 QUOTE 145 Hezbollah leader Seyed Hassan Nasrallah characterized the reconnaissance operation, which he said used an Iranian drone assembled in Lebanon , as a major success for the Shiite group. UNQUOTE 135

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/asia/in-pakistan-drone-protest-led-by-imran-khan-takesdetour-for-safety.html?ref=world 136 https://www.npr.org/2012/10/06/162395399/u-s-drones-navigate-murky-legal-path-in-pakistan 137

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html 138 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-289/ 139 As with all such news, we won’t know until much later coverage, if local officialdom agrees the killed were insurgents, the death toll was 18 , and other dimensions. 140 Wall Street Journal http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443749204578050983096555370.html?mod=googlenews _wsj 141 http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=287487 142 New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/12/world/middleeast/hassan-nasrallah-sayshezbollah-flew-iranian-designed-drone-into-israel.html?_r=2&ref=world& 143 http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=287487 144

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/07/israel_shoots_down_drone_that_may_have_been_ma de_by_iran_launched_from_lebanon_.html 145

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443749204578050983096555370.html?mod=googlenews _wsj

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International Airspace Waters etc. (2 Nov 10)  

US Drones over the Bahamas.146 Caribbean has US drones surveillance vs. suspected drug smuggling.147 Nations of the region have asked the USA for clarification, and been told that the USA does not believe they need any permission from nations of the Caribbean for this activity.148 There is also some finger pointing going on between politicians.

Some countries think 200 miles off their shores is part of their nation. Other countries consider the relevant distance to be much smaller. A US drone was operating 16 miles from Iran’s coast, an area the USA claims to be International Airspace, when it was attacked by the Iranian Air Force. 149

Iran says that for the USA to fly a drone through their air space, that is an act of war. 150 US officials say that it is an act of war for Iran to attack US drones. 151

Outer Space (2 Dec 02) We might not have them there yet, but there is discussion of possibilities. 152

Regions and Continents (3 J an 29) 

Africa153

Non-Proliferation Treaties (2 Oct 08) More info about International Law is in: Drone Scribd; Drone Notes; Drone Terms. Most people are aware of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which seeks to limit the spread of nuclear weapons, while promoting the spread of peaceful uses of

146

http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-drugs-caribbean-20120623,0,3135494.story Caribbean http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-drugs-caribbean-20120623,0,3135494.story 147

148

http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32304&Itemid=86 149 http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/11/08/us-drone/1692479/ http://aviationintel.com/2012/11/08/iranian-su-25s-fire-on-predator-flying-over-the-persian-gulf/ http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/14/predator-vs-foxbat-the-future-of-air-to-air-combat-via-drone-beganalmost-a-decade-ago/ 150 http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/11/10/271423/us-drone-in-iran-act-of-provocation/ 151 http://www.examiner.com/article/krauthammer-today-iran-hits-a-drone-tomorrow-a-plane-with-a-pilotit 152 http://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-09/no-nuke-or-space-military-botspleads-arms-control-committee 153 US Drone military bases, in support of NATO and other alliances, fighting in multiple nations of a region: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/29/us/us-plans-base-for-surveillance-drones-in-northwest-africa.html http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-01-28/here-come-drones-or-true-reason-mali-incursion http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/the-end-of-war-a-recent-timeline/ http://www.globalresearch.ca/american-drones-over-africa-new-us-military-bases-in-west-africa/5321454

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nuclear energy. There are similar treaties for the chemical and biological WMD, and for technologies associated with the delivery of such weapons.

MTCR (2 Oct 08) MTCR = Missile Technology Control Regime 154 is a voluntary consensus-driven association of 34 nations, started in 1987 to limit the spread of technology of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and drones, capable of transporting and delivering WMD payload. See: Cruise Missiles; Nuclear Drone; WMD; in Drone Terms. 

Member nations of MTCR: Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Britain = UK Bulgaria Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea, South Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey                               

154

See GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf

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Ukraine USA

Nations in Wassenaar but NOT on above MTCR list: Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Nations with drones, NOT on above MTCR list, as of early 2012 October comparison, excluding nations like Somalia which are under attack by drones of Uganda and USA, but do not yet have their own drones. Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbajan Belarus Botswana Burundi China Chile Columbia Croatia Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Gaza Georgia India Indonesia Iran Israel Ivory Coast Jordan Kazakstan Kenya Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Malaysia Mexico Morocco Nepal New Zealand                                   

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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac                       

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Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panima Peru Philippines Romania Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Uganda United Arab Emirates United Arab Republics Venezuela Vietnam

Wassenaar (2 Oct 08)

Wassenaar Arrangement controls export of dual-use technologies, some used

commonly in drones.155 It is a voluntary consensus-driven association of 41 nations, formed in 1996, to limit the proliferation of certain conventional weapons, and sensitive technologies which are dual-use in both civilian and military applications. Member nations of Wassenaar: Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Britain - Uk Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia           

155

See GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf

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27

Drone Nations listed by Al Mac                              

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Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea, South Latvia Lithouania Luxembourg Malta Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine USA

Brazil is a member of MTCR but NOT on above Wassenaar list. Nations with drones, NOT on above Wassenaar list, as of early 2012 October comparison, excluding nations like Somalia which are under attack by drones of Uganda and USA, but do not yet have their own drones.       

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Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbajan Belarus Botswana Brazil


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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac                                            

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Burundi China Chile Columbia Egypt Ethiopia Gaza Georgia India Indonesia Iran Israel Ivory Coast Jordan Kazakstan Kenya Kuwait Lebanon Lesotho Libya Malaysia Morocco Nepal New Zealand Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panima Peru Philippines Serbia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Uganda United Arab Emirates United Arab Republics Venezuela Vietnam


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Count Reconciliation (3 Mar 04) Many news stories156 repeat ancient estimates of how many nations have drones, without doing research as good as mine, and I am an amateur at this. According to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July , QUOTE:157  

In 2004, GAO reported approx 41 countries had acquired a UAV. 158 GAO review of current U.S. export licensing data and open source materials, as of 2012 July, found that this number grew over the intervening period to at least 76 countries.

UNQUOTE That’s approximately double in 7 years. Figure 3 of the GAO report is a map of those 76 countries, which I was able to reproduce below. Most news media reports appear to use the GAO 2004 estimate. In a BBC article, March 4, 2013, Professor Ronald Arkin, of the Georgia Institute of Technology, is quoted:159 Besides the United States there are 76 countries with military robotics programs right now.

UNQUOTE It is unclear from context if he is referring to the autonomous kind, or the larger volume of drones, which people sometimes refer to as robots. According to my count, as of 2012 Sep 15, I had found reports identifying 85 nations where drones had been operating, some by that nation, and some controlled by other nations. See links in context, to details on each. Then over time, I added a dribble of additions to that count. I compared the nations on the bottom of the map below, from GAO analysis, to the nations listed above with links to how I found out they had drones, to find those the GAO apparently did not know about, or did not consider should be listed. On the occasion of an Nov 2012 attack by militants in Gaza, shooting hundreds of missiles into Israel, President Obama is quoted as saying, Nov-19: "There's no country on Earth that would tolerate missiles raining down on its citizens from

156

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/americandrones_n_2199193.html?ncid=edlinkusaolp00000003&ir=Politics 157 from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf 158 http://www.gao.gov/assets/250/241243.pdf which I downloaded as GAO Drones by Nation 04-175 2004 Jan. 159 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21576376

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outside its borders.”160 That is a very odd thing to say, given that USA is outside the many nations where drones are raining down upon them, most of them from USA.

Gaza and Palestine are on the receiving ends of Israel military drones. Hezbollah has flown at least one drone, claims more, over Israel. Afghanistan, Iraq, Mali, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, and Bosnia have been on the receiving ends of NATO nations’ military drones, and in Somalia’s case, also by Uganda’s drones. Other nations also targeted, but I am just listing here those which appear to be missing from the GAO report. Djibouti and Seychelles have bases for drones used by NATO nations in above conflicts, which have also experienced the phenomena of drone crashes. Bermuda, Bahamas, and Caribbean are being spied on by US Border Patrol drones looking for drug smuggling. Congo and Rwanda fighting is to be monitored by UN drones. The above listed nations or regions do not yet have their own drones. They will, soon after another drone crash, or hijack for them to study.

Armenia, Portugal, and Vietnam are listed in Wikipedia as having their own drones.

Kenya is receiving drones from US military to help in fight against Al Qaeda. Lesotho mountainous regions have NGO drones delivering medical supplies. Nepal uses drones to catch poachers. Tanzania uses drones to catch poachers, and count wild life. UN uses drones to monitor fighting and cease fires. Venezuela is building drones with help from China, Russia, and Iran. As of 2012 Sep-30, the GAO map has 76 nations listed. I have identified 10 other nations, or entities, with drones not on the list of 76. There are also 14+ more nations-regions under attack-surveillance by drones, where they do not have their own, and 2 nations with bases for drones, which have crashed, but those nations also do not have their own. So my count has become 86-102, depending on whether the 14+2 should be included.

Drone Attack by what Nations? (2 Oct 28) More details in later chapters. I am not counting surveillance here, just deadly force by drones, with what nations were controlling those drones. Armenia Azerbaijan Britain   

160

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http://reason.com/blog/2012/11/19/no-country-on-earth-would-tolerate-missi


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Drone Nations listed by Al Mac         

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France Georgia Germany Israel Russia Turkey Uganda USA 11 = my count, as of 2012 Oct-28

Drones Targeted what Nations? (3 Feb 24) More details in later chapters. I am not counting surveillance here, just deadly force by drones, with which nations, or regions, were where the attacks took place. Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bosnia Britain Chechnya Gaza Georgia Iraq Libya Mali Pakistan Palestine Russia Somalia Sudan Turkey Vietnam Yemen 19 = my count, as of 2013 Feb-24                    

Palestine #194 joins UN (2 Nov 30) Update: Palestine became # 194 member state of UN, Nov 29, 2012.161 Until then, Palestine wanted to be a member. There were those which doubted Palestine was in fact a nation state. It had a weak kind of observer status at the UN, which referred to them as 161

http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-un-palestine-vote-20121129,0,7805802.story http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/29/15546351-un-upgrades-palestinian-status-bolsteringstatehood-claim?lite http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/palestine-vote-row/story-e6frg6n6-1226527733858 https://plus.google.com/u/0/113203226894654744883/posts/hrkMNgDE6PH

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the “occupied territories.” But that cha nged with the Nov 29 vote, elevating them to nonmember observer state, which grants them access to some UN functions, but is less than full member voting status..

NBC World News wrote:162 QUOTE The resolution lifts the Palestinian Authority's U.N. observer status from "entity" to "non-member state”. Granting Palestinians the title of "non-member observer state" falls short of full U.N. membership — something the Palestinians failed to achieve last year. But it does allow them access to the International Criminal Court and other international bodies, should they choose to join them. UNQUOTE The LA Times wrote: 163 QUOTE Israel , Canada, Panama, the Czech Republic and four tiny Pacific island states were the only ones in the 193-member U.N. General Assembly siding with the U.S. in its quixotic vote against the Palestinian Authority ’s request for nonmember observer state status. France, Italy, Spain, Norway, Denmark and Turkey were among the U.S. allies joining the majority in the 138-9 vote, with 41 abstentions. The United States and its allies share the objective of a two-state solution, differing more on procedural strategy for getting the two sides back to the negotiating table.

UNQUOTE The AUSTRALIAN wrote, about Australia abstaining:164 QUOTE Foreign Affairs Minister Bob Carr said the vote would encourage peace talks, while Opposition Leader Tony Abbott said it should have been voted down until Palestine accepted Israel's right to security. And the Greens argued the Federal Government was out of step with the world. The UN resolution was approved overnight by more than two-thirds of the 193member world body - a vote of 138-9.

UNQUOTE

162

http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/29/15546351-un-upgrades-palestinian-status-bolsteringstatehood-claim?lite 163 http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-un-palestine-vote-20121129,0,7805802.story 164 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/palestine-vote-row/story-e6frg6n6-1226527733858

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Nations not in UN (2 Dec 20) In my studies of International Law on Drone usage, I have been careful to note that the UN treaties are only valid among nations which have signed them, ratified them, incorporated them into their domestic laws, and not rescinded them. For example North Korea has exited the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and many nations with nuclear weapons never signed that treaty. Aside from the many UN treaties which only some of the 194 member nations of the UN have signed, what nations exist on planet Earth, which are not members of the UN? 165

Balochistan is a province of Pakistan, supposedly in rebellion since Pakistan acquired the territory in 1948, according to a guy I met on G+.

Cook Islands and Niue are not members of UN, but trust New Zealand to represent their interests there.

Kosovo declared independence from Serbia, Feb 2008, but has not gained enough international recognition to join the UN, however it has diplomatic relations with 69 nations. Russia may veto their application to join the UN.

Taiwan is a former member of the UN, which used to represent China, as the Republic of China, but now China is represented by the People’s Republic of Ch ina, as Taiwan is considered to be part of the PRC.

South Sudan recently won independence from North Sudan, which is in the UN, but South Sudan, does not yet have UN membership. The Vatican, or Holy See of the Catholic church, is an independent nation, which is not a member of the UN, but has full observer status. It is eligible to join, but chooses not to.

Western Sahara remains in dispute, with Morocco, as to its legal status. The UN believes in its right to self-determination.

Drone Foreign Attacks (2 Oct 27) In late 2012 October, I saw an article on CNN saying that the only nations which had used drones to attack other nations, were the US, Israel, and Britain. I was amazed at how CNN could publish such an ignorant article, when I was aware of maybe a dozen or more, so here let’s list those I am aware of, with the usual citations.

165

http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/nun.htm http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Which_countries_are_not_members_of_the_UN http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Which_countries_are_not_part_of_the_United_Nations

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For purposes of my research, let’s define a DRONE FOREIGN ATTACK as one where a drone controlled by nation-A attacks people in nation-B, where a DRONE DOMESTIC ATTACK is where a drone controlled by someone in nation-A attacks people in nation-A. There will be attacks where we do not know who controls the drone. There are also attacks where the targets are believed to be invaders, smugglers, terrorists, others not native to the nation.

Africa drone attacks (3 Feb 24) Attacks = where drones attack the people on the ground, going beyond surveillance. There is a heck of a lot of surveillance, in addition to these attacks. Libya escaped Qadaffi rule, thanks to NATO aiding the rebels, with a variety of tools, including drones. Then thanks to events in Benghazi, US drones are back, but maybe surveillance only. Mali is attacked by drones from France, and French allies. This is after the nation went to hell, without international intervention, like a whole string of other African nations. There is an ugly pattern there. Somalia is attacked by drones from Uganda (with UN approval) and from USA (without UN approval). This is after Somalia became a failed state, where the international response is to attack the criminals and pirates based there, doing nothing to help the local people rebuild a nation. Syrian government is using drones to attack its own people. 

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



Here is a map of US drone and surveillance bases in Africa.166 It is not immediately clear if some of these are for manned flight only. When I first looked at this map, and its annotations below, Feb 24, 2013, I saw they existed in the following nations: Burkino Faso – this tiny nation is in NW Africa, south of Mali – US drones fly surveillance missions from here vs. o Mali, o Mauritania, and o the Sahara. Djibouti - armed drones from here vs.: o Somalia o Yemen Ethiopia – armed drones from here fly over Somalia Kenya – it is only a suspicion, no confirmation that US drones from here Libya – used by US and French in Mali Niger – new base, not yet operational Nigeria – US drones here are used for surveillance in Mali. The French also base some Mali-related activities here. Seychelles – drones fly from here since 2009, have had 2 crashes since Dec 2011 South Sudan – sounds like drone surveillance only, so far, into: o Central African Republic o Democratic Republic of Congo, 

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    

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166

https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ I am also updating Drone Dates time line with some info from this link.

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Republic of South Sudan; and Uganda. Uganda – info here supplements, but does not mesh well, with prior sources167 Unclear symbol right on border of Kenya and Somalia … which nation is it in? I shall assume, from context, that this is Manda Bay, Kenya. o o

 

Many of these I had already known thanks to other sources, but this does increment my count of nations where drones are operating.

Arab Israeli Drone Conflict (2 Oct 27)

Gaza and Palestine have been on the receiving ends of Israel military drones, for years if not decades, in response to rocket attacks and suicide bombing attacks against Israel. In Oct 2012, Israel shot down a drone launched by Hezbollah, which was assembled in Lebanon from an Iranian kit, with some German electronics. See separate chapter just on that incident.

Europe drone attacks (2 Oct 27) See separate chapters on NATO drone attacks (by NATO nations on nations where NATO doing peacekeeping work), and Drone Wars (where both sides have drones). In this chapter, I cite where some nation in Europe got attacked by drones, and it was one sided as far as the drones were concerned. During WW II, Germany launched several kinds of drones, carrying bombs, to crash land in Britain, then blow up there.

April 2002 there was targeted killing, allegedly by Russian armed forces, of “rebel warlord” Omar Ibn al Khattab in Chechnya.168 It is unclear to me whether drone involved. According to the TURKO*FILE, June 28, 2012:169 QUOTE The Turkish military in December 2011 killed 34 Kurdish villagers who were mistakenly thought to be PKK militants. The deadly attack on the 34, part of a convoy of alleged smugglers heading towards the Turkish border from Iraq, came as a result of intelligence provided by an American drone on loan to Turkey which first noticed the convoy. 167

Prior sources indicate Uganda obtained armed drones to support their operations in Somalia, with UN approval, using a treaty the US helped negotiate, then US rapidly violated, such as a US drone near miss over Somalia international airport, with a Uganda flight of troops approved to go in by the UN. The US drone damn near killed over 100 Ugandan soldiers, by criminal negligence accident. This source talks about the US using drones here for surveillance of Uganda, and also supplying Uganda and Burundi with unarmed spy drones. 168

BBC, Russia ‘Kills’ Chechen Warlord, 25 April 2002.

See in my Drone Reports official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May . 169 http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65614 Also see: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/27/flying-blind-why-armed-drones-may-detract-from-turkish-security/

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UNQUOTE

NATO and Coalition drone attacks (2 Oct 28) Nations attack ed by NATO nations’ military drones, have included:         

Afghanistan170 Bosnia Iraq Mali Pakistan171 Somalia Sudan Vietnam Yemen172

NATO nations, whose drones have attacked other nations, have included:    

Britain France Germany USA

Not all of the NATO nations on above list, have had their drones attack all of the nations on the earlier list. During the first Gulf War,173 drones were used to shoot down aircraft violating the no fly zones.174 In 2002, US drones were first known to be used in Yemen.175 In 2005, US drones were first known to be used in Pakistan.176 September 2010, according to Living Under Drones (in Pakistan),177 US special forces bombed the convoy of Zabet Amanullah, a candidate in parliamentary elections,

170

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Atef https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_attacks_in_Pakistan 172 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Aulaqi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Derwish 173 The first Gulf War was the one which started because of Iraq invasion of Kuwait. 174 http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/14/predator-vs-foxbat-the-future-of-air-to-air-combat-via-drone-beganalmost-a-decade-ago/ 175 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 176 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 177 http://livingunderdrones.org/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER 171

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killing him along with nine fellow election workers; US forces reportedly mistakenly believed Amanullah to be a member of the Taliban.178 This illustrates the quality of US intelligence used to determine who should be attacked.179

Drone Wars (2 Oct 27) For purposes of my research, let’s define a DRONE WAR as where drones are used on BOTH SIDES of a conflict, where a DRONE ATTACK is where a drone is used in making a military attack on some people, as opposed to drones used in surveillance and terrorizing civilian populations. 2005-2008 there was a revolution in Sri Lanka, with both sides using targeted killing. It is unclear to me whether drones were involved.180 August 2008 there was a five day war between Russia and Georgia, with drones used on both sides.181 In 2010 I learned about a war going on between Armenia and Azerbaijan, with drones on both sides.182 I do not know how long that conflict has been going on.

Drone Friendly Fire (2 Oct 27) “Friendly Fire” is when military shoots at its own troops, or allies, by mistake.

In April 2011, according to Living Under Drones (in Pakistan)183 US forces used a predator drone to fire upon and kill two American soldiers, in Afghanistan, who

DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 178 Kate Clark, A FGHANISTAN A NALYSTS NETWORK , THE T AKHAR A TTACK : T ARGETED K ILLINGS AND THE P ARALLEL W ORLDS OF US INTELLIGENCE AND A FGHANISTAN (2011), available at http://aanafghanistan.com/uploads/20110511KClark_Takhar-attack_final.pdf US authorities contended that Muhammad Amin and Zabet Amanullah were the same person. According to Clark, this assertion was demonstrated to be false when Amin was interviewed in Pakistan after the September 2, 2010 strike. 179 Many other instances, of US inappropriate drone attacks on innocents, detailed in Drone Dates, Drone Notes, Drone Scribd, and Drone Terms . 180 See in my official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May . 181 http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race 182 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4296758,00.html http://www.minnpost.com/global-post/2012/10/drone-violence-along-armenian-azerbaijani-border-couldlead-war 183 http://livingunderdrones.org/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012)

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had apparently been mistaken for Taliban fighters,184 which illustrates the reliability of systems used to identify enemy forces.

Mapping Drone Nations and Drone Strikes (2 Oct 26) Here are nations, with drones, organized by location and continent of planet Earth according to GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July .185 Page Break for Illustration.

184

Jim Miklaszewski, 2 US servicemen mistakenly killed by drone attack in Afghanistan , NBC NEWS (April 11, 2011), http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42537620/ns/world_newssouth_and_central_asia/t/usservicemen-mistakenly-killed-drone-attack-afghanistan/ 185

from http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf

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Here is a map of where US drones have attacked in Pakistan: 

New America Foundation map analysis of drone strikes in Pakistan.186

186

https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=202193247307216271592.00047e 8cdfc55d220dee7

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Here is a map of 64 bases inside USA allegedly used to control military and CIA drone usage around the world.187 Here are links to 110 coming. They also talk about 88 actually operating right now (88-64=24 not on earlier list.).188 Here is info about CIA bases for drones around the world.189 All this info is as of when it was found out. Reality is constantly evolving. Here is map of Pakistan locations of USA drone strikes.190

Nations where Drones Manufactured (3Mar 11) According to sources cited within my overall notes, nations (and/or geographies) which manufacture and export drones include: Austria China191 Europe France Iran Israel192 Italy South Africa Switzerland USA          

According to sources cited within my overall notes, nations which manufacture drones, but are not yet on above list of exporting, some news articles indicate maybe they belong on above list, include: Britain (UK) Germany Hong Kong India Ireland Malaysia Norway Russia193        

187

http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/64-drone-bases-on-us-soil/ https://publicintelligence.net/dod-us-drone-activities-map/ 188 https://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2012/06/us_drone_bases.html https://www.fas.org/sgp/news/secrecy/2012/06/061412.html 189 http://www.gearthhacks.com/downloads/related.php?file=31659 190 Map of where drone attacks in Pakistan: http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=111611283754323549630.00047e8cdf c55d220dee7&ll=33.100745,70.444336&spn=4.41699,7.03125&t=p&z=7&source=embed 191 http://thediplomat.com/2013/03/02/here-comes-chinas-drones/ 192 http://www.jta.org/news/article/2013/03/04/3120936/israeli-drones-play-ever-larger-role-in-idf 193 http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_03_02/Russia-to-buy-no-more-foreign-drones/

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South Korea Turkey194

According to US GAO analysis, 195 the largest manufacturers and exporters of drones are the USA and Israel. Other nations manufacturing and exporting drones include: Austria; Italy; and South Africa, according to the GAO. As we see from my footnotes by nation, this is not a complete directory. The GAO report writes of many more nations in the manufacturing business, but does not cover much about their exports, perhaps because this is an unclassified report. The US government might not want to make it public, how much it knows about exports by nations which are potential future adversaries. According to that GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July , QUOTE196 The number of countries developing UAVs has increased dramatically from 2005 to the present. Currently, there are over 50 countries developing more than 900 different UAV systems. This growth is attributed to countries seeing the success of the United States with UAVs in Iraq and Afghanistan and deciding to invest resources into UAV development to compete economically and militarily in this emerging area.

UNQUOTE According to Directory of Who has Drones as of beginning of 2013, per Drone Wars UK:197 Australia Army has 8 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. Belgium Air Force has 13 large RQ-5 Hunter drones, manufactured by Northrop Grumman in USA. Britain (UK) Armed Forces (Army, Air Force) have over 5 large drones, manufactured by: Elbit Systems (Israel); Elbit (Israel); Thales (UK); and General Atomics (US). The models include: Hermes 450; Watch Keeper; and] MQ-9 Reaper . Canada Air Force has 5 large Heron drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. China has large drones, manufactured by Chinese companies: ASN; CAC; CASC; CASIC. Ecuador Navy has 6 large drones, manufactured by IAI in Israel. Egypt Air Force has 49 large drones, manufactured by USA companies: BAE Systems (formerly DS Inc); Northrop Grumman.  

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194

http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130304/DEFREG01/303040018/Turkey-Buy-10-Locally-MadeAnka-Drones?odyssey=nav|head 195 This per the report, I called GAO Drones by Nation 12-536 2012 July , downloaded http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-536 thanks to http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/who-else-has-drones/ via http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/09/todays-headlines-and-commentary-269/ 196 http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593131.pdf 197 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/6-who-has-drones-2/

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Finland Army has 6 large ADS-95 Ranger drones, manufactured by RUAG Aviation (Swiss) & IAI (Israel). Germany o German Army has 14 large drones manufactured by German companies: Rheinmetall; EMT Penzberg. o German Air Force has 4 large drones manufactured by IAI (Israel); Northrop Grumman (US); & EADS (Eu’pe) India Armed Forces (Army Navy Air-Force) have 50 large drones manufactured by: ADE (India); IAI (Israel). Italy Air Force has 6 large RQ-1B Predator drones manufactured by General Atomics (US). Malaysia Air Force has large Aludra drones manufactured by UST (Malaysia). Mexico Air Force has 2 large Hermes 450 drones manufactured by Elbit Systems (Israel). Morocco Army has R4E – 50 Skyeye large drones, manufactured by BAE Systems (formerly DS Inc) in USA. Netherlands Army has 14 large Sperwer drones, manufactured by SAGEM (France). Philippines Air Force has 2 large Blue Horizon 2 drones, manufactured by EMIT (Israel). Singapore Air Force has over 43 large drones, manufactured by IAI and Elbit Systems (Israel). South Africa Air Force has large Seeker 2 drones, manufactured by Denel (South Africa). South Korea Air Force has over 3 large drones, manufactured by KAI (South Korea) and IAI (Israel) Spain Army has 4 large Searcher MK2 drones, manufactured by IAI (Israel). Sri Lanka Armed Forces (Army, Air Force) have over 3 large drones, manufactured by: Denel (South Africa); EMIT (Israel); IAI (Israel). Sweden Army has 3 large Sperwer drones, manufactured by SAGEM (France). Switzerland Army has 4 large ADS-95 drones, manufactured by RUAG Aviation (Swiss) & IAI (Israel). Thailand Army has large Searcher drones, manufactured by IAI (Israel). Turkey Air Force has 28 large drones, manufactured by General Atomics (US) and IAI (Israel). USA Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force) have over 368 large drones, manufactured by US companies: General Atomics; Lockheed Martin; Northrop Grumman.

Drone Manufacturers (3 Mar 14) Initially I got lists from multiple sources, such as:

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info about drone manufacturers in Flight Global UAV index,198 This Huffington Post piece lists some drone manufacturers. It includes: links to articles on each of these companies; estimates of how much $ income they are getting (or losing) thanks to their drones; some of where they are being marketed; illustrations of their products, and/or targets.199 and misc. other news articles.200 then I combined here alphabetically by company name, planning separate chapters later for nations with many companies making drones.  

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AAI Corporation located in USA, makes UAV for US Army Accuas Inc, British Columbia, Canada (mining exploration) Advanced Technologies and Engineering (ATE) in South Africa Aeronautics Defense Systems in Israel AeroVironment (AV) in USA, makes drones disguised as birds, among other kinds Aerovision in Spain Alenia Aeronautica in Italy (previously known as Aeritalia) makes air and space for military and commercial American Dynamics Flight Systems in USA Aurora Flight Sciences in USA BAE Systems in UK Baykar Machine in Turkey Bell Helicopter in USA Blue Bird Aero Systems in Israel Boeing Defence, Space & Security in USA Cassidian in UK Cyberflight in UK Dassault Aviation in France Denel Aerospace Systems in South Africa Denel Dynamics in South Africa DJI in Hong Kong DRS Technologies in USA EMT in Germany Flight Solutions in Brazil Flying Robots in France General Atomics Aeronautical Systems in USA General Dynamics Gulfstream Aerospace in USA Hydra Technologies in Mexico Innocon in Israel Insitu in USA Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) 198

https://www.flightglobal.com/directory/search.aspx?navigationid=372&aircraftcategory=uav&manufacture rtype=uav 199 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/11/companies-making-drones_n_2849569.html 200 http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/07/mining-pdac-drones-idUSL1N0BTLQS20130307

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Kaman Aerospace Corporation in USA Korea Aerospace Industries (South Korea) L3 BAI Aerosystemsin USA Lockheed Martin in USA Microdrones in Germany Mission Technologies (MiTex) in USA MMIST in Canada Northrop Grumman Integrated Systems in USA Patria Systems in Finland Pioneer UAV in USA Prioria in USA Prox Dynamics AS in Norway Proxy in USA Qinetiq in USA Rafael in Israel Raytheon Missile Systems in USA Rheinmetall Defence Electronics in Germany Ruag Aerospace - Aviation & Space in Switzerland Saab Aerosystems in Sweden Sagem Défense Sécurité in France SAIC (submarine drones) Schiebel in Austria Selex Galileo in Italy Singapore Technologies Aerospace (ST Aerospace) in Singapore Swift Engineering in USA Swiss UAV in Switzerland Textron (marine and submarine drones) Thales in France Ucon System in South Korea United States Naval Research Laboratory in USA Urban Aeronautics in Israel Warrior (Aero-Marine) (page not found) Yamaha Motor Company in USA Zala Aero in Russia

Israel Drone Manufacturing (3 Mar 07) According to JTA:201 Drone manufacturing in Israel is dominated by two companies: Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), a government company, and Elbit Systems. IAI has been manufacturing drones since 1974, sells about 1/5 of them inside Israel, and exports the rest to approx 49 countries, all approved by the Israeli Defense Ministry.

201

http://www.jta.org/news/article/2013/03/04/3120936/israeli-drones-play-ever-larger-role-in-idf

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Document split (3 Mar 19) Formerly, all my notes on Drones were in one document, growing excessively large. I have now split them into the following: Drone Dates = Time Line what happened when, updated as we learn more. Drone Iran = Claims and counter-claims about drones over Iran. Drone Issues = A summary of what the controversial problems appear to be, reasons we need to figure out what is happening, then participate in the political debate over what should be happening. Some of the things people believe about drones, they may be mistaken, those concerns belong in the directory, and need to be investigated, clarified, will be in my other drone documents. Drone Nations = A list of nations where drones are operating, being manufactured, purchased, hacked, crashing, being used by military, not necessarily of same nation. With each nation listed, I have footnotes with links to examples of how drones are being used in that nation, the sophistication of the drones, and more info. o We see many articles claiming drones are in 40 or 50 nations. o When I launched this separate document, 2012 Sep-10, my count was up to 80 countries with drones. o The initial list is alphabetical by nation. o Later I may add regional lists by Continent, with well known areas, thanks to being recent hot spots in the news, like Western Europe; The Middle East; and South East Asia. o I am considering adding CIA Fact Book and other links to show which nations are high up in first world, financial collapse, border conflicts, etc. so we see which are more likely to be using drones in combat, spying on home territory, civilian peaceful applications, or are victims of other nations using drones against them. Drone Notes = my main overall initial document, which later may split again. o Here you can find: o Links to where I get this info, including official sources; o Hundreds of USA locations, where drones are in use; o Legal complications; Political Complications; o Statistics on numbers of innocent bystanders killed, so as to get at what numbers of enemy targets; o Technology advances, changing nature of Drone Capabilities; o Calendar of events in Drone usage history, and people finding out; o Other topics. o Drone Reports = A directory of official downloads I located, where, some info about them, read so far, where my notes ended up, from that digesting. o Drone Robots = Implications of killer drones which can operate without humans in the loop. Many writers are in denial, so I cite proof this is real. Drone Scribd = I created a Drone Info collection on Scribd, which lists many educational, interesting, and stimulating Scribd Drone documents and articles. 202   

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http://www.scribd.com/collections/3807680/Drone-Info at http://www.scribd.com/AlMac99

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Then I started reviewing them. Where I found, what seemed to me to be errors of fact, distortions, or incomplete pictures, I cite sources to complete the story, to help authors, of the other efforts, address gaps in their presentations. o So in addition to my summary observations on many Scribd info sources about Drones, I also provide a road map to the big picture of other sources I have found, to expand on the picture painted by these Scribd reports. Drone Terms = Glossary of Terminology, Acronyms, Concepts etc. which have come up in my drone research. I have also encountered some parallel tales of alleged official misconduct, which have led to some non-drone content. o When first launched 2012 Sep, it had 260 terms, acronyms, concepts, references, etc. defined, relevant to my Drone research so far. o Within a few days, it had grown to 440 definitions. o By end of Sep 2012, it had grown to 750 acronyms and concepts defined. For more details, see Al Mac Shared Research section, at end of Drone Notes document. 

Many places on the Internet, we must register with the site, to access info there, and some people are nervous about personal info which must be divulged to do so. In theory, with Google Drive Documents, where I have collection = Drone Info, with my Drone Iran + Issues + Nations+ Notes + Reports + Robots + Scribd + Terms ,203 all you need is the url in my footnote link, to get at my Drone Info204 Google collection, which also includes many official documents from government and other sources. If you are on Scribd, here you can locate what I have uploaded there so far.205 It includes a spectrum of research into many different topics. If you are on Linked In, and connected to me: http://www.linkedin.com/in/almacintyre then you could access my Linked In Box Net shared document files, until Linked In dropped that service late in 2012. There, I had folders for many topics, including Drone Info. That folder contained my Drone Issues+ Nations + Notes + Scribd + Terms. Within the Linked In Box Net Drone Info folder, I had Drone Sources subfolder, with copies of various official documents from my collection. I personally am able to access the 150+ documents involved on Box Net, but it is far from as convenient as it was on the Linked In interface, which is now gone.

203

https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4b-ZLWR0bmZLS3d5OVk/edit Google Drive Document Collection = Drone Info: https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4b-ZLWR0bmZLS3d5OVk/edit I also have a Google Drive Doc Collection = Disaster Avoidance , where I look into what the heck happened to cause various disasters, various proposals to be better prepared for better response, in many cases I do not yet have all the answers I desire. https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4bZMTA0YTM0YzktNTI0YS00NjVhLTg5NTItY2RiZjhiM2MzODkw/edit 205 http://www.scribd.com/AlMac99 204

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Revision History (3 Feb 26) Here is additional aid for people revisiting my notes. Where has there been the most significant growth, in addition to the hints implied by chapter headings with date in parentheses, showing when I last added anything to a chapter, such as an additional citation? Note that I also periodically move some chapters from one split area to another, to help improve overall organization, as some sub-topics become more important. Information has been flowing too rapidly for me to keep this current. If it ever dies down, then I will update this section again. 

2012 Oct-28 Nations V 4.85 shared o

84-98 nations and regions, where drones operate, plus one terrorist

organization. 7 nations not members of UN, 193 are members. o I reacted to another damn silly untrue news medi a article, identifying “the only” nations using drones to attack other nations, where 3 were listed … I found that 11+ nations have used drones in military attacks, where it is

18+ nations where the military attacks took place. 

2012 Oct-25 Reports V 4.83 shared 29 pages; 178 foot; 456k Doc; 275k PDF. o V 4.83 listed 91 documents referenced, plus my 8 splits. 7 suggested key education 50 Drone downloads 1 Disasters 3 Earth Quake 7 National Security 2 Scandals 14 Later 7 Scribd mentioned 2012 Oct-17 Issues V 4.8 shared 30 pages, 82 foot, Doc 296k, PDF 212k. o Where the beginning is a list of issues, that concern many people, worth exploring and figuring out, towards the end is what I have figured out which disturbs me greatly about the nation’s vulnerability to a great spectrum of threats, apparently not on the radar screens of the people in charge of National Defense, and serious holes in what passes for privacy protection for the people. In this stage of development of my notes, I explained Manchurian Chip, and correlations from multiple reports. 2012 Oct-16 Terms V 4.78 = 145 pages, 486 foot, Doc 2,247k, PDF 1,267k.        

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870 acronyms and concepts defined, in V 4.78 Terms.

Additions to: GPS Spoofing; Targeted Killing; UN Charter. 2012 Oct-14 Issues V 4.77 shared 21 pages, 67 foot, Doc 224k, PDF 167k. o Intro – Oxymoron that Killing Saves Lives. o Near end – start Government can of worms.


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Dates Issues Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-13 (2 Oct 28) 

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2012 Oct-13 Nations V 4.75 shared 26 pages, 140 foot, Doc 685k, PDF 324k. o Hezbollah Drone over Israel. 2012 Oct-11 Scribd V 4.72 shared: 60 pages; 236 foot; Doc 690k; PDF 447k. o Lots of minor changes, but the major addition was my argument that: o Given that there is ample evidence Congress is doing drone oversight; o It is wrong for people to call upon Congress to do oversight of drones; o While at the same time try to explain why I think Congress should get an F grade for the quality of this work. 2012 Oct 10 Reports V 4.7 shared: 20 pages, 110 foot, 284k Doc, 180k PDF. o V 4.7 listed: 67 documents referenced, plus my 8 splits, so far. 6 suggested key education 44 drone downloads 7 Scribd mentioned 6 National Security 10 More 2012 Oct-10 Issues V 4.66 Legal Issues added. 2012 Oct-9 split Drone Dates from Drone Notes. o This is time line calendar of what allegedly happened when, how we found out, thanks to key publications, when they came out. o V 4.62 started with: 29 page, 122 foot, 380k Doc, 280k PDF     

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Nations Scribd Terms thru Oct-8 (3 Feb 26) 

2012 Oct-8 Nations V 4.3 shared 24 pages, 120 foot, 537k Doc, 308k PDF. o o

85 nations & regions with drone usage heavy citations.

UN treaties only apply to 193 UN member states, which approve them. I added list of what 7 “nations” 206 exist which are not members of the UN. o I listed nations in relevant non-proliferation treaties, and mismatches. 

2012 Oct-7 Terms V 4.1 shared 138 page, 470 foot, 2.26m Doc, 1.2m PDF. o o

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830 acronyms and concepts defined, in V 4.1 Terms. Latest focus = need for innocent victims to have remedy alternatives, what exists so far through International Law courts, international law within national legal systems, and whole Human Rights area.

2012 Sep-30 Nations V 3.8 shared 16 pages, 114 foot, 575k Doc, 270k PDF. o o

85 nations & regions identified as having drones operating. 76 nations known to GAO … I reconcile this. GAO was not counting nations where they being attacked by drones, but not yet have their own,

206

It has been controversial whether Palestine, and some others, should be considered to be nations. Large numbers of people hostile to Israel, in social media discussions, seem to think it is wrong to call them a nation.

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