Dr. Gilberto López y Rivas, Estudiando la contrainsurgencia, manuales, mentalidades y uso de la antropología

Dq|tlniklm ji amk am k|ui |uinkqt nkqtuhd uhdkani kani ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq7 biktijdq* bdk|ijnlildq ~ tqm ld ji ji ik|um ik|umpmj pmjmhâ mhâi i Hnjedu|m Jñpdw ~ Uniq

K Ñ N A N L D L I I N I L K _ J T B H I D Q

The world's largest digital library

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

























_unbdui dlnanñk7 biuwm ld 5?95 Qdhtkli dlnanñk ibpjnili7 ma|teud ld 5?95

Ldudacmq Udqduilmq ® Hnjedu|m Jñpdw ~ Uniq

Lnqdùm huéàm7 Qdbnjji Uteâ* Ambtknaianñk Huéài

Jtnq Qékacdw Hiuaâi &45 #888. 40< 59>9 nk`mOqdbnjjiuten+amb xxx+qdbnjjiuten+amb

Km qd pdubn|d ji udpumltaanñk |m|ij m piuanij ld dq|i meui* kn dj ijbiadkibndk|m dk tk qnq|dbi nk`mubé|nam*



























Dq|tlniklm ji amk amk|uinkqt |uinkqtuhd uhdkani kani ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq7 biktijdq* bdk|ijnlildq ~ tqm ld ji ji ik|um ik|umpmj pmjmhâ mhâi i Hnjedu|m Jñpdw ~ Uniq





















































Âklnad 4

\duumunqbm duumun qbm hjmeij ld Dq|ilm

54

Dq|tlniklm Dq|tln iklm ji amk|uinkqtuhdkani amk|uinkqt uhdkani ld DDTT

5>

Dj biktij bikti j 1"5< 1"5< ld amk|uinkqtuhdkani amk|uinkqt uhdkani dq|ilmtknldkqd

18

Nk|djnhdkani dk ji amk|uinkqtuhdkani amk|uinkqt uhdkani

<9

Ik|umpmjmhâi ld ji amk|uinkqtuhdkani amk|uinkqt uhdkani ~ ji matpianñk kdmamjmknij

<4

Ji Htâi atj|tuij ld jiq tduwiq dqpdanijdq ld DDTT

<>

Biktij Bikti j ld aibpm ld jiq tduwi dqpdanijdq dqpdani jdq k÷bdum 19"5?"1+ 19"5?"1+

48

Ji t|tumjmhâi t|t umjmhâi ld jmq dq|ui|dhiq dq|ui|dhi q dq|ilmtknldkqdq

04

Jiq htduuiq gtq|iq ld Meibi

0>

Aibenmq dk ji dq|ui|dhni bnjn|iu ld DDTT

81

\ik jdgmq ld Lnmq* |ik aduai ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq

83

Dj kiuam|uéam* kiuam|ué am* tk iubi iu bi ldj nbpdunm

39

Bîsnam* ½Dq|ilm ijjjnlm= ij jjnlm=

3<

Jm ytd bij ambndkwi ambndkwi bij |dubnki

>4

Auîln|mq ld jiq nbéhdkdq























































\duumunqb \ duumunqbmm hjmeij hjmeij ld Dq|ilm Dq|ilm

_

iui pmldu dspjnaiu dj dkñbdkm ld |duumunqbm hjmeij ld Dq|ilm dq kdadqiunm meqduiu qtq nbpjnaianmkdq amk dj iqanqbm* ptdq dsnq|d tki udjianñk dq|udaci dk|ud ib" emq+ Ld cdacm* tki ldknanñk ajéqnai ld iqanqbm* i qanqbm* ytd qd pumltad dk 9>14 pmu ji Nk|dukianmkij Ambtknq|i pjik|di

‚@iqanqbm dk dj pmldu dq ji lna|iltui iendu|i ~ |duumunq|i ld jmq





























Dj |duumunqbm ldj aipn|ij kikandum kiwn ‑ iqanq|i* pmu dgdbpjm* qd ldqiuumjjñ dk tk dqpianm nk|dukianmkij btj|npmjiu ytd htiuliei tk pudaiunm dytnjneunm ~ acmañ amk tki ibpjni ijnikwi ld pm|dkaniq aipn|ijnq|iq ~ amk ji dkmubd tduwi qmanijnq|i ld ji îpmai udpudqdk" |ili dk ji Tknñk Qmnî|nai+ Ildbéq* dj dkñbdkm iqanq|i* amk qt iknytnjibndk|m ld jiq ‚uiwiq nkdunmudq‒* ambtknq|iq* bnkmuâiq î|" knaiq* cmbmqdstijdq* lnqaipian|ilmq* d|aî|dui* ~ qt dspikqnmknqbm |duun|munij* dui tk pum~da|m nbpdunijnq|i ld lnbdkqnmkdq jnbn|iliq+ ‚Dj btklm‒ ld bdlnilmq ldj qnhjm SS km cieâi ijaikwilm jiq lnbdk" qnmkdq qnmkdq hjmeijnwiliq ldj ia|tij+ ia|t ij+ \ibenîk* ji nldk|naianñk ld iqanqbm piui ldknu dj dkñbdkm ytd qd bikndq|i i piu|nu piu| nu ld jiq htduuiq h tduuiq kdmamjmknijdq kdmamjmknijdq i Ihiknq|ék d Nuif dq kdadqiuni* pmuytd km qd ci hdkduilm |mliâi tk |îubnkm béq ildatilm piui aiuia|dunwiujm+ Ji nldmjmhâi ~ ji puéa|nai pmjâ|nai qtpudbianq|iq qtpudbianq|i q ldj hutpm hu tpm ytd dkaiedwñ Hdmuhd X+ Etqc dk qt piqi" li pudqnldkani htiulik huikldq qnbnjn|tldq amk dj iqanqbm* #|ijdq ambm dj pudlmbnknm ldj bnjn|iunqbm ~ ji auddkani andhi dk ji |da"





























kmjmhâi bnjn|iu* dj imun|nqbm ciani jiq huikldq amupmuianmkdq dk ji lnq|unetanñk ld amk|ui|mq bnjn|iudq* dj uianqbm ytd qd dspudqi dk dj hdkmanlnm ld ptdejmq dk|dumq* dj tj|ui kianmkijnqbm* dj liuxnknqbm qmanij * d|aî|dui.* itkytd* ki|tuijbdk|d* ji am~tk|tui cnq|ñunai ld punkanpnmq ldj qnhjm SSN dq bt~ lnq|nk|i i ji ldj qnhjm SS+ Dk 9>>3 qd jjdñ i aiem ji Amkdkanñk ld ji Muhiknwianñk ld ji Amkdudkani Nqjébnai qmeud ji jtaci amk|ui dj |duumunqbm nk|duki" anmkij+ Lnaci Amkdkanñk djiemuñ tk lmatbdk|m ytd dk qt iu|âatjm punbdum ptk|tijnwi ytd |duumunqbm dq7 ‚Atijytndu ‚Atijytndu ia|m ld nmjdkani m ibdkiwi* pudqanklndklm ld qtq bm|nianmkdq m nk|dkanmkdq* pdupd|uilm amk dj megd|nm ld jjdiu i aiem tk pjik aunbnkij au nbnkij nklnnltij nklnnltij m amjda|nm amk dj `k ld i|duumunwiu i ji hdk|d m ibdkiwiuji amk aitqiujd liùm m pmkdu dk pdjnhum qt nli* cmkmu* jnedu|il* qdhtunlil* ldudacmq+‒ ldudacmq+‒ I udk" hjñk qdhtnlm qdhtnlm ji ldajiuianñk bikndq|i dk dj iu|âatjm i u|âatjm 5+ 5 + ‚Ji jtaci ld jmq ptdejmq* nkajtnli ji jtaci iubili amk|ui dj nkiqmu ds|uikgdum* ji ihudqnñk* dj amjmknijnqbm ~ ji cdhdbmkâi* ytd pduqnhtd ji jneduianñk ~ ji it|mld|dubnkianñk ld iatdulm amk jmq punkanpnmq ldj ldudacm nk|du" kianmkij km qd amkqnlduiué tk aunbdk |duumunq|i+‒ |du umunq|i+‒

Jmq dq|ilmtknldkqdq dq|ilmtk nldkqdq |ndkdk m|ui nqnñk n qnñk ldj ldj |duumunqbm* ji atij ati j qd dspudqi dk ji qnhtndk|d ldknanñk7 ‚Pnmjdkani pudbdln|ili* amk bm" |nianñk pmjâ|nai* pdupd|uili amk|ui megd|nmq km ambei|ndk|dq pmu hutpmq km dq|i|ijdq m pmu ihdk|dq dq|i|ijdq ajikldq|nkmq* cien|tij" bdk|d amk dj pumpñqn|m pumpñqn|m ld nktnu nkt nu dk tki t ki pmejianñk+‒ 5





























ldq|nki‒+ Amk jm ik|dunmu* jmq dq|ui|dhiq dq|ilmtknldkqdq #i jmq ytd ci~ ytd qtbiujdq jmq dtumpdmq. nk|dk|ik dilnu qt udqpmkqienjnlil dk qtq iaanmkdq nmjdk|iq lnunhnliq amk|ui m|uiq kianmkdq dk qtq jikadq kdmamjm kdmamjmknijn knijnq|iq q|iq d nbpdunijnq|iq+ nbpdunij nq|iq+ Dq|i dq ji uiwñk pmu ji atij jmq udpudqdk|ik|dq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq ~ ld m|umq piâqdq aipn|ijnq|iq qd kdhiumk i ytd qd ibpjniui ji ldknanñk ld |duumunqbm i jmq ia|mq ambd|nlmq pmu jmq Dq|ilmq dk dj ldei|d qmeud dj |dbi dk ji Muhikn" wianñk ld Kianmkdq Tknliq+ Lnq|nk|mq ikijnq|iq* ikijn q|iq* dk|ud dk|ud djjmq Kmib Acmbqf~ Acmbqf~ ~ Xnjjnib Qactjw #lnunhdk|d ld Ibknq|âi Nk|dukianmkij dk Dq|ilmq Tknlmq.* iqdhtuik ytd dsnq|d tki mubi ld |duumunqbm ld Dq|ilm* ptdq atdk|i amk dj qmpmu|d ldj ipiui|m dq|i|ij piui qt ptdq|i dk puéa|nai+ Acmb" qf~ iqdhtui ytd dsnq|dk iunmq |npmq ld |duumunqbm7 \duumunqbm nk|du" kianmkij* |duumunqbm i huik dqaiji #lnunhnlm amk|ui tk hutpm ktbdumqm ld pduqmkiq.* |duumunqbm |duumun qbm i pdytdùi dqaiji #dkmailm ciani nklnnltmq.* nklnnltmq.* |duumunqbm nklnnltij ~ |duumunqbm ld Dq|ilm+

Iaduai ld dq|d ÷j|nbm* Qactjw qdùiji qdùij i ytd dsnq|dk |udq kndjdq tklibdk|ijdq ld ji udpudqnñk ldj qnq|dbi qmanij ld ajiqdq7 Dj punbd" um piqi pmu tki tk i dq|uta|tu dq|u ta|tuii damkñbnai* dj qdhtklm kndj dq dj ldj ldj dgdu" ananm ld ji udpudqnñk qnq|îbnai ‚mulnkiuni‒ ldj Dq|ilm ~ dj |duadu kndj dq dj ld udpudqnñk dq|uta|tuij ytd pdupd|ui dj Dq|ilm dk nmjianñk ld jiq kmubiq ldj ldudacm kianmkij d nk|dukianmkij+ + 1

Dq|m dq* dj |duumunqbm ld Dq|ilm qd d mejnhilm i |uikqhudlnu jmq





























Tk pumejdbi ld mklm piui ldknu ij |duumunqbm dq amkqnlduiu ytd dk ji huik hui k bi~muâi ld jmq aiqmq dj ldudacm qd |tduad ~ qd ud|tdu" ad i imu ld jmq huikldq nk|dudqdq ~* jibdk|iejdbdk|d* pdugtlnai i jmq lîenjdq+ Ik|âq|dkdq* amkqnlduilm tkm ld jmq qnd|d qienmq ld ji ik|nhúdlil hundhi* iqdhtuiei ytd dda|nibdk|d jiq jd~dq iqdbd" gieik giei k tki t ki |djiui |dji uiùi ùi** pmuytd p muytd jmq jm q unamq u namq ~ pmldumqm p mldumqmqq pmlâ p mlâik ik umbpduji* umbpduj i* bndk|uiq jmq pmeudq ~ lîenjdq qd dkudlieik dk djji+ ½Ytî pmldbmq pdkqiu ld tk Dq|ilm* ambm dj dq|ilmtknldkqd* ytd ci iatbtjilm tk dkmubd pmldu ldq|uta|nm ij pmkdujm dk ji eijikwi ld ji gtq|n"































Qn qd li tki pmqnanñk amk|uiptdq|i i ji cmui ld ldknu dj |duumunq" |duumun q" bm* nkdn|iejdbdk|d nkdn|iejdbdk|d qd |ndkdk ytd meqduiu jiq amklnanmkdq megd|niq





























knlil ji mjtk|il udytdunli piui ia|tiu dk amkgtk|m+ \um|qf~* ldqld jmq nknanmq ldj qnhjm SS* qmq|dkâi7 ‚_iui kmqm|umq dj |duumu nklnnltij dq nkilbnqnejd pudanqibdk|d pmuytd dbpdytdùdad dbpdytdùdad dj pipdj ld jiq biqiq dk qt pumpni amkandkani* jiq ciad iadp|iu qt nbpm|dkani ~ tdjd qtq mgmq ~ dqpduikwiq ciani dj huik dkhilmu ~ jnedu|ilmu ytd ijh÷k lâi dklué i atbpjnu qt bnqnñk+‒ <

^ pumqnhtd7 ‚Kmq mpmkdbmq mpmkdbmq i jmq i|dk|ilmq |duumunq|iq |duumunq| iq pmuytd ji dkhikwi nklnnltij km kmq qi|nqiad+ Ji atdk|i ytd kmq lded qijliu dj qnq|dbi aipn|ijnq|i dq ldbiqnilm djdili ambm piui pudqdk|éuqdji i tk tkanmkiunm jjibilm bnknq|um+ Ipudkldu i amkqnlduiu jmq auâ" bdkdq amk|ui ji ctbiknlil* |mliq jiq ctbnjjianmkdq i ytd qd dk qmbd|nlmq dj atdupm ~ dj dqpâun|t ctbikmq* ambm dsaudadkaniq ~ ds" pudqnmkdq ldj qnq|dbi qmanij nbpduik|d* piui dbpdùiu |mliq |mli q ktdq|ui ktdq|uiqq dkduhâiq dk tki jtaci amjda|ni amk|ui dq|d qnq|dbi7 îqd dq dj aitad dk dj ytd dj iulndk|d ldqdm ld dkhikwi ptdld dkamk|uiu qt bi~mu qi|nqiaanñk bmuij+‒ bmui j+‒ #Nenl+. #Nenl+. \ibenîk* dq kdadqiunm ldqjnkliu ldqjnkli u jiq iaanmkdq udmjtanmkiun udmjtanmkiuniq iq ldj





























dq jjdili i aiem pmu tk ipiui|m dqpdanijnwilm ~ lnduqnailm ld qteduqnñk ~ amk dj ipm~m ld ji biytnkiuni eîjnai ldj béq huikld Dq|ilm aipn|ijnq|i+ I dq|d udqpda|m* Biu|i Qmgm dqauned7 ‚Knkh÷k |duumunqbm dq gtq|naiejd* pdum dj ld Dq|ilm dq ld jmq béq dsdaui" ejdq pmuytd t|njnwi |mlmq jmq udatuqmq ldj ipiui|m manij piui dgdu" adu ji nmjdkani ld bikdui njdhn|nbi amk|ui qtq pud|dklnlmq dkd" bnhmq+ Cm~ pmu cm~* dq|d dkñbdkm dq ipudanilm ambm tkm ld jmq béq qdunmq ld ji amk|dbpmuikdnlil+ Ci~ dqaiqiq ldqaunpanmkdq ld ji iadpanñk* pdum jm andu|m dq ytd amk dj |ndbpm* liliq jiq qnq|dbé" |naiq nmjianmkdq ld jmq ldudacmq ctbikmq i dqaiji tknduqij pmu jiq it|munlildq ytd ldedk hiuik|nwiujmq* dj |dubnkm ci ilytnunlm dqpdanij tduwi‒+ 4 Ji Ihdkani Adk|uij ld Nk|djnhdkani #ANI* pmu qtq qnhjiq dk nk" hjîq. ldqld qt tklianñk t klianñk dk 9><8 ci qnlm dj ñuhikm tklibdk|ij tkl ibdk|ij ldj hmendukm dq|ilmtknldkqd piui udijnwiu jiq |iudiq ld ji ‚htduui qtani‒ ytd km ptdld qdu aiuia|dunwili béq ytd ambm ‚|duumunqbm‒* qn |mbibmq ji ldknanñk ld dq|d |îubnkm ldj pumpnm Etuñ @dlduij ld Nkdq|nhianmkdq #@EN. dq|ilmtknldkqd ambm ‚dj tqm njdhij ld ji

























































kianmkij* punkanpij qmq|îk ldj Dq|ilm " kianñk* ~ dk btacmq aiqmq* jmq hmedukik|dq qd cik |uikqmubilm dk nu|tijdq hdudk|dq ld jiq |uiqkianmkijdq* jm ytd ld|dubnki tki qdpiuianñk m utp|tui ld ji ajiqd pmjâ|nai amk ji qmandlil+ Dq|m |ndkld i tk ld|dunmum ldj amk" qdkqm dk|ud hmedukik|dq ~ hmedukilmq+ Dq|i aunqnq ld jdhn|nbnlil lduni dk ytd dj Dq|ilm |dkhi aili dw bdkmq aipianlil ld hiuik" |nwiu dj ldqiuumjjm qmanij+ Amk dj lduutbed lduut bed ldj ldj qnq|dbi qmanijnq| qmani jnq|ii qd djnbnkñ dj ia|mu punk" anpij ldj dytnjneunm btklnij+ Qtuhd tk btklm tknpmjiu* dk dj atij Dq|ilmq Tknlmq qd dunhd du nhd ambm ji pm|dkani cdhdbñknai* dk gtdw ~ hdk" liubd liu bd pjikd|iunm+ pjikd|iu nm+ Dj hmendukm hmendukm ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq qd ci ijnlm ld lna" |ilmudq* gddq |uneijdq* jâldudq kianmkijnq|iq* gduiuaiq î|knamq ~ |duum" unq|iq ld |mlm |npm* piui jmhuiu qtq megd|nmq ld lmbnkianñk hjmeij+ M|um ia|mu dq ji dsnq|dkani dsnq|dkan i ld tk bduailm nk|dukianmkij nk|dukia nmkij ld iubiq iub iq |m|i |m|ijbdk|d jbdk|d nkamk|umjilm+ Jmq udatdk|dq amkna|mq i dqaiji dqaij i btklnij* ~ qt ij|i ld udqmjtanñk ld iatdulm i jmq nk|dudqdq ld jmq ptdejmq* ci pummailm ji pduqnq|dkani ld mamq eîjnamq ~ dj bmn"



























































anñk muwili ld ji bi~muâi ld ji pmejianñk* ji nldi ld ytd ji ‚pmjâ|nai‒ km qnud* dj udkamu qmanij m eiqilm dk aun|dunmq uianijdq m î|knamq* qmk ijhtkmq iqpda|mq ytd ciadk qdk|nu* i dqaiji hjmeij* ytd qd dq|é qmeud tk pmjmuâk+ Ji lduum|i anuatkq|ikanij ld jiq nldiq qmanijnq|iq* qmeud |mlm jiq ytd qmq|tm dj bmldjm qmnî|nam* pmqnenjn|ñ ytd dj nklnnltijnq" bm pmqdqnm ~ ambpd|n|nm qd dkatbeuiui ambm ji amqbmnqnñk pudlmbnkik|d dk ji qmandlil ij nknanm ldj qnhjm SSN+ Dq|d ambpmu" |ibndk|m ptdld ldhdkduiu dk liuxnknqbm qmanij ytd jjdiuâi i ji ctbiknlil ctbik nlil i tk aibnkm aib nkm qnk ud|mukm+ Cm~ béq ytd ktkai dq tuhdk" |d tk ktdm muldk annjnwi|munm* ~ dk|dkldu ytd qn endk ci btdu|m tki dspdundkani amkaud|i ld qmanijnqbm* qnhtd nm tk qnq|dbi ld

























































qtq ÷j|nbiq amkqdatdkaniq jjdiuâi ik|d tki amu|d nk|dukianmkij ij pumpnm Hdmuhd X+ Etqc* ambiklik|d dk gdd ld jiq tduwiq dspdln" anmkiuniq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq* ~ i qtq hdkduijdq* pmu hdkmanliq ~ aun" bnkijdq ld htduui+ Dj nkmubd piu|d ld ji cnpñ|dqnq c npñ|dqnq ytd ji ia|tij nmjd  nmjdkani kani ld ji htd" uui ~ dj aimq ytd ytd udnkik dk Nuif qmk qmk udqtj|ilmq lnuda|mq ld ji njdhijn" lil ld ji nkiqnñk* matpianñk ldj piâq ~ ld jiq dq|ui|dhniq* |éa|naiq ~ iubibdk|m t|njnwilmq piui bik|dkdu lnaci matpianñk+ Dj nkmubd lmatbdk|i dciandk|dbdk|d dq|iq |uikqhudqnmkdq ~ amkmai i |mlmq jmq dq|ilmtknldkqdq i dsnhnu tki nkdq|nhianñk nkdq|nhianñk piui dkgtnaniu i jmq ln" unhdk|dq annjdq ~ bnjn|iudq ytd nmjik jd~dq nk|dukianmkijdq ~ jiq pum" pniq jd~dq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq+ ij iuht ldj _dk|éhmkm





























eiuldmq* jiq ldanqnmkdq |mbiliq ldqld ji a÷qpnld ld ji gduiuytâi annj ~ bnjn|iu piui ji amkytnq|i ld Nuif dk dj 5??1* iqâ ambm ji ia|tianñk ld jiq tduwiq matpik|dq ciq|i ji daci* jmq dnldk|dq uiaiqmq piui udamkq|utnu ~ hiuik|nwiu ji nkuidq|uta|tui annj ~ qmanij eéqnai ~ ji qd" htunlil htu nlil p÷ejnai* dj iubibdk|m ~ |éa|naiq |éa|nai q ld ambei|d ambei|d i ji udqnq|dkani* dj nkctbikm |ui|m | ui|m i cmbeudq* cmbeudq* btgdudq* ikanikmq ~ knùmq* amkq|n|t~dk auâbdkdq ld htduui ytd nk|dhuik tk amk|ds|m hdkduij hdkduij dk dj ytd ia|÷i ia| ÷i |mli ji aildki ld biklm* ldqld jmq hdkduijdq hdkduijdq i jmq qmjlilmq uiqmq+ Dj |uieigm nknani amk tki udnqnñk ld ji jd~ ctbikn|iuni nk|duki" anmkij ytd ateud tki ibpjni iundlil ld nkq|utbdk|mq jdhijdq7 jiq Amkdkanmkdq ld Hnkdeui ld 9><> #ld ji N i ji NP. ~ qtq pum|mamjmq ilnanmkijdq #N ~ NN.* iuniq udqmjtanmkdq ld ji Iqibejdi Hdkduij ld ji



























































Dj Nkmubd i béq ijjé i jjé ld jiq ji q pmqnanmkdq ytd dk dk dj nk|dunmu ld Dq|i" lmq Tknlmq qmq|ndkdk tki ia|n|tl ibenijdk|d i benijdk|d amk udqpda|m ij ldudacm i ji udqnq|dkani ldj ptdejm nuiytâ ij iubiu ytd jmq ‚annjdq ld tk piâq matpilm km |ndkdk mejnhianñk ld jdij|il ij pmldu matpik|d‒ ~ |mlm an" nj ytd |mbi jiq iubiq amk|ui jmq nkiqmudq pnduld qt aijnlil ld ‚annj‒ pdum ilytndud jmq ldudacmq ~ mejnhianmkdq ld ambei|ndk|d* |ijdq ambm





























pmu piu|d ld ptdejmq ~ hmendukmq ilduqiunmq ldj nbpdunijnqbm ~ik" ytn* ld |ij mubi ytd qdik lduum|ilmq qtq nk|dk|mq udhudqnmq ~ auddk jiq amklnanmkdq piui dj lduutbed ldj btklm tknpmjiu+ Ji jtaci amk|ui dj |duumunqbm ldj hmendukm ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq dq dk udijnlil tk dbei|d amk|nktm amk|ui ji ldbmauiani ~ jmq ldud"

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































~ lnqutpanmkdq t|tuiq qduék jiq ytd béq ida|dk i jiq @tduwiq Amk" gtk|iq= gtk|i q= 5+" ½Añbm dq|iq dq|i q |dkldkani |dkldkaniqq ~ lnqutpanmkdq lnqu tpanmkdq pmluâik pmlu âik ldknu jmq amk|ds|mq t|tumq piui mpduianmkdq mpduia nmkdq amkgtk|iq= amkgtk|iq= 1+" ½Atéjdq qmk jiq ji q nbpjnaianmkdq ld dq|iq |dkldkaniq ~ amk|ds|mq piui jiq @tduwiq Amk" gtk|iq= gtk|i q= Dspjmuiklm dq|iq dq|i q |dkldkaniq* amk|ds|mq d nbpjnaianmkdq* dj |ds|m pumdd jiq eiqdq piui pdkqiu p dkqiu dj btklm dk jmq puñsnbmq puñsnbmq 54 iùmq+ î ytd jmq dq|ui|dhiq amkqnlduik ytd ji htduui mubi piu|d dqdkanij ld ji ki|tuijdwi ctbiki* ji bdgmu mubi ld dk|dkldu îq|i dq i piu|nu ld tki aduaiki amkqnlduianñk ld ji cnq|muni+ Iqâ* ji lnq" atqnñk nknani amk dj iuhtbdk iuht bdk|m |m iaduai ld ji ki|tuijdwi ki|tui jdwi ld ji htduui* jiq aitqiq ~ amkqdatdkaniq ldj aibenm ~ jiq qmupudqiq* ~ dj pipdj ld ji dq|ui|dhni+ Ji qdhtkli piu|d ldqauned ijhtkiq |dkldkaniq* lnq" amk|nktnlildq ~ ptk|mq pm|dkanijdq ld amkna|m ytd jiq @tduwiq Amkgtk|iq ptdldk dkudk|iu+ Ji piu|d |duadui ikijnwi añbm dq|iq |dkldkaniq ~ utp|tuiq qd ambenkik dk amk|ds|mq ytd pmluâik ld" knu jiq ji q mpduianmkdq mpduianmkdq amkgtk|iq amkgtk|iq piui jmq puñsnbmq 54 iùmq+ Ji atiu| at iu|ii piu|d ldqauned jiq nbpjnaianmkdq ld dq|mq amk|ds|mq ytd jiq @tduwiq Amkgtk|iq amkumk|iuék dk dj t|tum nkandu|m ~ qthndud ji audianñk ld tki tduwi ytd ptdli dq|iu pudpiuili piui jmq ud|mq ytd dq|mq amk|ds|mq pudqdk|iuék+ Ji piu|d ytnk|i dspmkd pudhtk|iq ajidq iaduai ld |dbiq ytd ptdldk aidu tdui ldj dkmytd |uilnanmkij ld dq|d dq|tlnm* pdum ytd qnk dbeiuhm |ndkdk nbpmu|ik|dq nbpjnaianm" kdq piui dj t|tum ld jiq ji q @tduwiq Amkgtk|iq+ Amkgtk|iq+ Dj nkmubd"pudlnaanñk qmq|ndkd ji nldi ld ytd dk btaciq piu|dq ldj pjikd|i ‚dsnq|dk ia|mudq km uianmkijdq* ij bdkmq dk ktdq|umq |îu" bnkmq‒+ Ld cdacm jmq bnjn|iudq lnnldk dj btklm dk|ud jmq ytd tqik ji uiwñk #djjmq* jmq dq|ilmtknldkqdq. ~ ytndkdq qmk pudqi ld ji piqnñk ~ qd bik|ndkdk ‚tdui ld jmq jâbn|dq ld jiq amkdkanmkdq ldj btklm ldqiuumjjilm‒7 jmq ldj ‚biacd|d‒ ~ i|iaik|dq qtnanliq* jmq ytd dq|ék ‚ikqnmqmq ld bmunu‒+ ‚Ji |dkqnñk dk|ud aéjatjmq ld pmldu ld pmjâ|nai



























|ui~da|muni ld tk amkna|m lnatj|mqm qnkm nbpmqnejd ld pudldanu† Dk tk btklm lmkld jiq piqnmkdq lmbnkik* ji t|njnwianñk ld tki dq" |ui|dhni uianmkij ndkd i qdu ds|uimulnkiunibdk|d lnâanj+‒ ©Ji iulti aiuhi ldj cmbeud cmbeud ejikam) Km pmlâi ij|iu dk dj lmatbdk|m udandk|dbdk|d cdacm p÷ejnam GMD 5??3 # Gtk|i Mpdui|ni Ibendk|ij. ldj Ambiklm Amkgtk|m ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq Tknlmq ji pduqpda|ni nbpdunijnq|i nbpduni jnq|i qmq|dknli qmq|dknli pmu jmq dq|ui" |dhiq bnjn|iudq ~ pmjâ|namq ld dqd piâq+ I jm jiuhm ldj |ds|m km dsnq|d ji bdkmu ltli ld ytd qtq tduwiq bnjn|i bn jn|iudq udq |ndkdk dk |mlm bmbdk" bmbdk" |m dj ldudacm i nk|dudknu dk atijytndu piu|d ldj btklm+ Udn|duik ytd ‚Ibîunai #qna. ud|ndkd dj pmldu ld ji –nk|nbnlianñk ~ ld nkqpn" uianñk„+ Amk|nktiudbmq gthiklm #jmq bnjn|iudq. tk pipdj punkanpij dk ji pum|daanñk ld jmq ijmudq ytd qd munhnkiumk dk ji qienltuâi ~



























pmjâ|nai ~ kdhiu dj iaadqm jneud i jiq ji q ambmlnlildq hjmeijdq ld ji dam" kmbâi ldj btklm+ Dk dq|d amk|ds|m* ji pudqdkani* ijaikad ~ aipi" anlil ld jiq tduwiq bnjn|iudq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq* amk ijnilmq ld bdk|ijnlil qnbnjiu* amk|nktiuék qndklm jjibiliq i pum|dhdu ktdq" |umq nk|dudqdq kianmkijdq+‒ Iqâ* Iqâ * km dsnq|dk dsn q|dk jâbn|dq jâ bn|dq piui piu i ji iaanñk bnjn| bn jn|iu iu dq|ilmtk dq| ilmtknldkqd nldkqd kn ltliq iaduai ld jiq htduuiq amkdkanmkijdq ~ amk|uinkqtuhdk|dq i dbpudkldu7 ‚Ambm ji lnqatqnñk ld |dkldkaniq ~ amk|ds|mq iki" jnwilmq qthndud* dj pipdj ~ jiq bnqnmkdq ld jiq @tduwiq Amkgtk|iq nkajtnué ji pum|daanñk ld ji pi|uni* dj bik|dknbndk|m ld jiq ambm" lnlildq hjmeijdq* ji amk|dkanñk ld dkdbnhmq pm|dkanijdq ~* atiklm qdi kdadqiunm* jtaciu ~ hikiu amkna|mq ytd ptdldk matuunu dk dj btklm†Dk|ud icmui ~ jmq iùmq ld ji lîaili ld 5?1?* jiq tduwiq bnjn|iudq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq qd dkamk|uiuék aiqn amk adu|dwi amb" pumbd|nliq dk ambei|dq+ Dq|i piu|nanpianñk ptdld qdu dk ji mubi ld amkna|mq udhtjiudq bi~mudq* m dk tki qdund ld htduuiq amk|ui jiq nkqtuhdkaniq+‒ nkqtuhdkaniq+‒



























Bt~ iikwilm dj lmatbdk|m* qd dqpdanai ytd dj punbdu amk" gtk|m ld pumejdbiq pumejdbi q piui piu i dj ‚ambpumbnqm btklnij btkln ij‒‒ ld jiq ji q tduwiq tdu wiq bnjn|iudq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq qdué jmhâq|nam6 ‚iqmanilm amk |uiqji" liu |umpiq i huikldq lnq|ikaniq ~ qtpjnujiq amk ambetq|nejd* bt" knanmkdq* piu|dq piui udpiuianmkdq* ~ qtq|dk|m†Ji cienjnlil piui ciaduqd ld eiqdq pmu ji tduwi ldqld dj biu m dj inud ptdld qdu dj bmnbndk|m nknanij aun|nam ld tki aibpiùi‒+ _iui bi~mu pudmatpianñk qmeud jmq ldq|nkmq ld ji ctbiknlil* jmq dq|ui|dhiq bnjn|iudq pndkqik jm nbpdkqiejd7 ‚i|iytdq i nk|dudqdq n|ijdq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq pmu ilduqiunmq nbpjiaiejdq ytd qd udc÷" qdk i ji lnqtiqnñk* pmluâi nkmjtauiu dj tqm ld iubiq ktajdiudq t m|uiq Iubiq ld Ldq|utaanñk Biqni+‒ Iytâ aied qdùijiu ytd knk" h÷k m|um piâq ci t|njnwilm jiq iubiq i|ñbnaiq* i dsadpanñk ld Dq" |ilmq Tknlmq dk 9><4 dk qt htduui amk|ui Gipñk* jm atij |muki béq ibdkiwik|d dq|i bdk|ijnlil aiq|udkqd+ ai q|udkqd+ Jmq bnjn|iudq dq|ilmtknldkqdq m|muhik tki huik nbpmu|ikani i ji jtaci nldmjñhnai dk dj aibpm ld ji nkmubianñk ambm iubi dq|ui|îhnai ~ pmjâ|nai7 ‚jiq ‚ jiq htduuiq htdu uiq bmldukiq |ndkdk jthiu dk dqpi" anmq béq ijjé ld qnbpjdbdk|d jmq djdbdk|mq âqnamq ldj aibpm ld ei|ijji+ Tkm ld jmq béq nbpmu|ik|dq qmk jmq bdlnmq* dk jmq atijdq ‚ji ei|ijji ld ji kiuui|ni‒ matuunué+ î ktdq|umq dkdbnhmq cik ud" amkmanlm ytd ji pduadpanñk dq |ik nbpmu|ik|d piui qt îsn|m ambm dj ddk|m bnqbm†Ij kij ldj lâi* ji pduadpanñk ld ytd matuunñ nbpmu|i béq* ytd jm ytd piqñ udijbdk|d+ Lmbnkiu ji kiuui|ni ld atijytndu mpduianñk* ~i qdi bnjn|iu m ld m|um |npm* pihi dkmubdq lnnldklmq+ @uiaiqmq dk dq|d |duudkm* bnki dj ipm~m piui ktdq|uiq pmjâ|naiq ~ mpduianmkdq* ~ ia|tijbdk|d ptdldk liùiu ji udpt|i" anñk ldj piâq ~ qt pmqnanñk dk dj btklm+‒ Dq|iq amkqnlduianmkdq dspjnaik* pmu dgdbpjm* dgdbpjm* jmq dq|una|mq dq| una|mq amk|umjdq ~ pumcnenanmkdq piui ytd bdlnmq nkldpdklndk|dq cihik qt |uieigm dk Nuif* Ihiknq|ék



























pdqiu ld djjm* ji ‚kiuui|ni‒ ld jm ytd udijbdk|d matuud dk Nuif* Ihi I hikn knq| q|ék ék m _ijdq| _i jdq|nk nki* i* pmu qtq qt q lnbdk l nbdkqnmkdq qnmkdq li lik|dqa k|dqaiq iq ~ ji j i pduqd p duqd"" duikani ldj pdunmlnqbm ambpumbd|nlm* ci jmhuilm |uiqpiqiu jiq adkqtuiq aiq|udkqdq ai q|udkqdq ~ dj |uieigm lniunm lniu nm ld bnjjiudq bnjj iudq ld ambtknailm" ambtknailm" udq ‚nkautq|ilmq‒ ytd ciadk dam ld jiq pduqpda|niq nbpdunijnq|iq+ Mpdui| ni Ibendk|ij. Ibend k|ij. nldk|nai i Dj nkmubd GMD 5??3 # Gtk|i Mpdui|ni Acnki ambm tk ambpd|nlmu ambpd|nlmu pm|dkanij pm|dkanij bnjn|iu bn jn|iu dk dj t|tum ~ ‚ji ‚j i béq qduni ibdkiwi i bdkiwi piui piu i jmq Dq|ilmq Tknlmq* pmuytd jmq acnkmq ptdldk dk|dkldu i Ibîunai #qna.* qtq mu|ijdwiq ~ ldenjnlildq* btacm bd" gmu ytd jmq ibdunai ibdu naikmq kmq #qna. dk|ndkldk dk|nd kldk i jmq acnkmq+ acn kmq+ Ld Utqni Ut qni** jmq dq|ui|dhiq aun|naik ytd qtq lnunhdk|dq cik mp|ilm pmu bisnbnwiu dj dsadldk|d dkduhî|nam* qnk ciadu nkduqnmkdq ld mklm ytd nkaud" bdk|dk bdk|dk ji pumltaanñk pumltaanñk ld pd|uñjdm ~ hiq i jiuhm jiu hm pjiwm6 |ibenîk |i benîk ten" ten" aik dj pm|dkanij dspjmqnm ld amkna|nnlil nk|duki dk dj Aétaiqm ~ dk Iqni Adk|uij* qtq pumejdbiq ldbmhuéamq ~ ji ‚ambenkianñk pdjnhumqi ld piuikmni ‑ijhm gtq|naili gtq|n aili amkqnlduiklm ji cnq|muni ld Utqni“kianmkijnqbm* ~ ibiuhtu ibi uhtuii pmu ji pîulnli ld jm ytd btacmq utqmq amkqnlduik ambm qt ldudacm i tk jthiu ambm pm|dkani pm|dkani btk" lnij+‒ Km meq|ik|d* ‚amk qt iq|m d nkaudbdk|ilm iuqdkij ktajdiu* Utqni qd bik|ndkd ambm tki pm|dkani dk |îubnkmq ktajdiudq* i pdqiu ld qtq lnatj|ildq pmjâ|naiq ~ ldbmhuéaiq+‒

Jmq bnjn|iudq dq|ilmtknldkqdq meqduik amk pudmatpianñk jmq qmq|dknlmq amkjna|mq dk|ud Nklni ~ _ifnq|ék pmu Aiacdbn" ui ~ m|uiq éudiq dk lnqpt|i* |mbilm dk atdk|i ytd ibemq piâqdq |ndkdk aipianlildq ktajdiudq+ _iui dj aiqm ld Dtumpi* dj nkmubd qñjm jd ldlnai ati|um péuuimq* dk jmq atijdq udamkmad qt ldqi" uumjjm damkñbnam* ikijnwi qt pm|dkanij bnjn|iu ~ qt ambpumbnqm amk dj \ui|ilm \ui|ilm ldj I|jék|nam I|jé k|nam ldj Kmu|d* iqâ ambm qtq pmqnenjnlildq pmqnenj nlildq piui tki béq ia|ni piu|nanpianñk bnjn|iu tdui ld ji hdmhuiâi dtumpdi+ _iuilñgnaibdk|d* ~ dq|m jm béq km|iejd ldj Nkmubd* jmq





























Jiq htduuiq gtq|iq ld Meibi

I

pumpñqn|m ld ji dmaianñk ld Eiuiaf Meibi ldj amkadp|m ld ‚htduui gtq|i‒ ij bmbdk|m ld udanenu dj nkbdudanlm ~ ldq" pudq|nhnilm _udbnm Kmedj ld ji _iw* dq kdadqiunm udamuliu i P+ N+ Jdknk dk qt ikéjnqnq ld ji punbdui htduui btklnij9 dk dj ytd dq|iejdad ijhtkmq aun|dunmq hdkduijdq piui dj dq|tlnm ldj amkna|m eîjnam7 i.+" amkldki jiq htduuiq dk|ud jmq ptdejmq ambm ijhm eéueium ~ dumw6 e.+" dq|iejdad ytd aili htduui ldedué dq|tlniuqd dk qt amk" |ds|m ~ piu|natjiu piu| natjiunlil nlil cnq|ñunai6 a.+" a.+" lnq|nkhtd lnq|nkh td dj jiwm nkdn|iejd ytd tkd i jiq htduuiq amk ji jtaci ld ajiqdq dk dj nk|dunmu ld aili piâq6 l.+" udamkmad ji jdhn|nbnlil* dj aiuéa|du pumhudqnq|i ~ ji kdadqnlil ld jiq htduuiq annjdq ytd jneuik jmq mpunbnlmq amk|ui qtq mpudqmudq* ytd béq endk qd ilqaunedk dk dj ldudacm ld jmq ptdejmq i ji udedjnñk* ji udmjtanñk ~ ji udqnq|dkani6 d.+" dbpjdi dj |îubnkm ld ‚htduui gtq" |i‒* ytd qdh÷k îj td tki dspudqnñk nk|umltanli pmu X+ Jndefkdac|* atiklm qd uddud i jiq htd" uuiq ld jneduianñk kianmkij* m pmu ji ‚lddkqi ld ji pi|uni‒ qñjm dk dj aiqm ld Dq|ilmq mpunbnlmq* ldpdklndk|dq* bdkmqaieilmq dk qtq ld" udacmq* ytd udqnq|dk i jiq huikldq pm|dkaniq mpudqm" uiq* dqajinq|iq ~ dspmjnilm" uiq6 ~ .+" ldktkani ytd jiq





























Dq|ilmq Tknlmq qtuhnñ ambm kianñk i piu|nu ld tki htduui ik|n"amjmknij amk|ui dj lmbnknm ld ji Amumki Eun|éknai+ I piu|nu ld dq|d iamk|danbndk|m ld qnkhtjiu nbpmu|ikani cnq|ñunai* |mliq jiq htduuiq dk jiq ytd ci piu|nanpilm dq|d piâq* ciq|i ji qdhtkli htduui btklnij* ~ ldqptîq ld djji* km cik |dknlm ji bdkmu jdhn|n" bnlil7 ji htduui ld ds|dubnknm ~ udltaanñk ld jmq ptdejmq nklnmq ytd matpieik dj nkbdkqm |duun|munm ldqpmgilm ~ dspumpnilm i qtq ltdùmq munhnkijdq6 ji htduui ld 9395 amk|ui Nkhji|duui* ytd td tk nk|dk|m uiaiqilm ld ikdsnñk ldj |duun|munm ld Aikilé i ji Tknñk Ibduna Ibd unaik iki6 i6 ji j i htdu h tduui ui ld amkytn amky tnq| q|ii |duu |d uun|mu n|muni nijj #93<4"93<3. amk|ui amk|u i ji ji gmdk udp÷ej ud p÷ejnai nai ld Bîsnam Bîs nam ytd jmh j mhuñ uñ ji ikdsnñk ikd snñk ld béq bé q ld ji j i bn|il bn| il ld qt |duun|munm etqaili iikmqibdk|d pmu jmq ‚piludq tklilm" udq‒6 ji htduui annj ytd ld|dubnkñ dj utbem nkltq|unij"aipn|ijnq|i ld ji dspjm|ianñk ld jiq ajiqdq ~ ptdejmq mpunbnlmq ij nk|dunmu ld ji kianñk6 ji htduui kdmamjmknij amk|ui Dqpiùi dk 93>3 dk ji ytd amkqnhtnñ ipmlduiuqd ld ijhtkiq ld qtq pmqdqnmkdq |duun|munijdq6 ld ji atij ldunñ |ibenîk ji qikhundk|i htduui ld matpianñk amk" |uinkqtuhdk|d dq|ilmtknldkqd dk @njnpnkiq ld 933>"9>916 ji htduui nbpdunijnq|i nbpduni jnq|i #9>9<" #9>9<"9>9 9>93. 3. dk ytd Dq|ilmq Tknlmq nkatuqnmki nkat uqnmki pmu pun" bdui dw dk Dtumpi dk ji d|ipi kij ldj amkna|m6 jiq ktbdumqiq nk|dudkanmkdq eîjnaiq iendu|iq ~ dkatendu|iq dk Ibîunai Ji|nki ambm pmldu nbpdunijnq|i #dk lmkld Qiklnkm amkqnhtnñ ji punbdui lduum|i bnjn|iu ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq dk ji udhnñk t|njnwiklm ji htd" uui ld htduunjjiq.6 ji htduui ld Amudi ~ Pnd|kib piui amk|dkdu ji udmjtanñk qmanijnq|i dk dqmq piâqdq* pmu udamuliu ijhtkmq ld jmq ddk|mq béq nbpmu|ik|dq+





























Tknlmq* Nkhji|duui ~ @uikani dk dj dq|ijjnlm ld dq|i htduui* ij dq|n" btjiu ~ pdubn|nu dj udiubd ld Ijdbikni* ij qmjipiu dj audanbndk|m du|nhnkmqm ld ld qtq tduwiq  tduwiq iubiliq ~ ij nkmaiu nkmaiu kdt|uijnlil udk|d i jiq ihudqnmkdq iqanq|iq dk D|nmpni dk 9>14* i Dqpiùi dk 9>10* i Itq" |uni ~ Acdamqjmiytni dk 9>13 ~ i _mjmkni dk 9>1>+ Dj ik|n"qmnd|nqbm ~ dj ik|n"ambtknqbm dq|tndumk pudqdk|dq i jm jiuhm ld ji amk|ndkli eîjnai ~ tdumk tk ia|mu qte~iadk|d dk ji qnkhtjiu amkltaanñk ld ji htduui pmu piu|d ld jmq ijnilmq maanldk|ijdq ld ji Amijnanñk ik|n





























ld nbpdunijnq|i qd |uikqmubi dk tki htduui pmptjiu* ik|niqanq|i* ameuiklm ld dq|d bmlm dj aiuéa|du ld tki htduui gtq|i ~ kdadqiuni ciq|i ji lduum|i dj dgd kiwn"iqanq|i+ kiwn"iqanq|i+ Dj ‚pi|unm|nqbm dq|ilmtknldkqd‒ qd ci kt|unlm ld tki cnq|muni ld hdkmanlnmq* hdkmanlnmq* d|kmanlnmq* ldqpmgmq ~ amkytnq| amkytnq|iq iq |duun|munijdq6 |duu n|munijdq6 qd tk" libdk|i dk jiq kmanmkdq d|kmaîk|unaiq ~ uianq|iq ld ‚ptdejm dqamhn" lm‒ pmu ‚ji pumnldkani‒ piui dspiklnu dspi klnu qt lmbnknm lmbnk nm qmeud dj amk|nkdk" amk|nkdk" |d* dk qt punbdui d|ipi* d| ipi* ~ ldqptîq dk dj btklm dk|dum6 dk|dum6 dk dj ‚ldq|nkm bikndq|m‒ ytd lnm mubi nldmjñhnai ij dspikqnmknqbm |duun|munij6 dk dj nk|dudkanmknqbm pdubikdk|d ~ qnq|dbé|nam qmeud Ibîunai Ji" |nki6 dk ji amkytnq|i ld |duun|munmq béq ijjé ld qtq umk|duiq amk|n" kdk|ijdq pmu ji iaanñk lnuda|i ld qtq biunkdq+ Qt pi|unm|nqbm nbpjnai ji nldi ldj ‚pmjnaâi btklnij‒ ytd nhnji dj atbpjnbndk|m ld qt jd~ ~ pum|dhd qtq nk|dudqdq ~ qdhtunlil ‚kianmkijdq‒ pmu dkanbi ld atij" ytndu m|um6 qd ijnbdk|i ld jmq bn|mq ld ‚qijilmudq ldj btklm‒ pum" pijilmq pmu ji pumpihikli ankdbi|mhuéai6 jmq nkaikqiejdq Uibemq bi|iklm ambtknq|iq* ~ icmui ‚|duumunq|iq‒* dk kmbeud ld ji gtq|nani* ji ldbmauiani ~ ji jnedu|il+ M|muhiu dj _udbnm Kmedj ld ji piw i tk ambiklik|d dk gdd ld bi|mkdq ~ pqnañpi|iq dq hum|dqam d nkamkadenejd ~ km |ndkd gtq|nai" anñk ijhtki+ Meibi ci nkaudbdk|ilm dj k÷bdum ld |umpiq dk Ihi" knq|ék* ibpjnilm qt nk|dudkanñk dk _ifnq|ék* ibdkiwilm i Nuék ~ qmq|nailm ji htduui ld matpianñk dk Nuiy icmui amk ji pumtklnwi" anñk ld ji i~tli ld ik|umpñjmhmq bduadkiunmq ytd nklnaik jiq ut|iq





























Aibenmq dk ji dq|ui|dhni bnjn|iu ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq

I

piu|nu ld ji ipjnaianñk ld ji ik|umpmjmhâi dk jmq iikdq amk|uinkqtuhdk|dq ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq ~ ld ji pudqdkani ld andk|âamq qmanijdq ambm iqdqmudq dk dj |duudkm ld jiq eunhiliq ld ambei|d ld dqd piâq dk qtq htduuiq kdmam"































udandk|dbdk|d udandk|dbdk|d tk iu|âatjm iu |âatjm ‚Ji dq|ui|dhni ldj kdk÷iu‒ kdk÷iu‒** ytd |uiltgm #93 ld gtjnm ldj 5?95.* dk dj ytd nkmubi qmeud ji |uikqmub | uikqmubi" i" Udedjnñk #93 anñk qnjdkanmqi ytd dj _dk|éhmkm jjdi i aiem ld |mlm dj qnq|dbi ld eiqdq bnjn|iudq tdui  tdui ldj |duun|munm dq|ilmtknldkqd dq|ilmtknldkqd** jm atij ati j qnhknai tki ktdi ~ pdjnhumqi mubi ld htduui+ Iamuld amk Pnkd* jmq bnjn|iudq bnj n|iudq dq|ilmtknldkqdq dq|ék dq|é k itbdk" |iklm ji audianñk ld eiqdq dk |mlm dj pjikd|i* ytd djjmq jjibik kd" k÷iudq #dq|iq cmgiq m pjik|iq ytd m|ik dk ji qtpduand ld jiq ihtiq ~ ytd qnudk i jiq uikiq piui qij|iu ciani qt pudqi. ~ ytd amkqnq|dk dk ‚pdytdùiq nkq|ijianmkdq qdaud|iq d nkiaadqnejdq amk tki aik|n" lil udq|unkhnli ld qmjlilmq* ambmlnlildq jnbn|iliq* ~ iubibdk|m ~ qtbnknq|umq pudnibdk|d iqdhtuilmq†Qdbdgik|dq eiqdq kdk÷iudq qd cik amkdu|nlm dk tki piu|d aun|nai ld tki dq|ui|dhni bnjn|iu ld Xiqcnkh X iqcnkh|mk |mk dk ldqiuumjjm ldqiuumj jm ytd iptk|i i bik|dkdu ji lmbnkianñk hjmeij ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq* ciandklm béq amk bdkmq dk tk btklm aili dw béq ambpd|n|nm* aili dw béq btj|npmjiu+‒ Acijbduq Gmckqmk* m|um iailîbnam dq|ilmtknldkqd auâ|nam ld





























jmq pumpnmq antlilikmq dq|ilmtknldkqdq* dq|ék ciejiklm* m dk|duék" lmqd ldj amk|dknlm ld jmq isdq ~ amuudmq ytd qd dq|ék dkniklm* ed" kdanik i jiq nkltq|uniq ytd lnqdùik ~ pumddk ld iubiq i qtq dgîu" an|mq+ Iqnbnqbm* ‚tki |iudi ld dqmq amk|ui|nq|iq dq bik|dkdu i jmq tknmubilmq bndbeumq ldj nbpdunm ijmgilmq dk atiu|mq amkmu|i" ejdq* endk ambnlmq* lndu|nlmq* ~ qtbnknq|uilmq amk nkuidq|uta|tui ld aijnlil iaianmkij+ Qda|mudq dk|dumq ld ji damkmbâi cik dknlm i ldpdkldu ld jmq bnjn|iudq bnjn| iudq piui qtq qt q dk|iq+‒ Ltuik|d ji htduu htduuii ld amk" ytnq|i ld Nuif* pmu dgdbpjm* Gmckqmk nkmubi ytd dj Ldpiu|ibdk|m ld Lddkqi* bndk|uiq muldkiei tki uianñk ds|ui ld bnqnjdq autadum ~ |ikytdq ytd lnqpmkâik ld btknanmkdq amk tuiknm dbpmeudanlm* |ibenîk ilytnunñ ilytnu nñ 581 bnj em|djjiq em|djj iq ld tk ejmytdilmu ld qmj ytd edkd" anñ i dbpudqiq dbpudqiq ld ld dqmq pumlta|mq qn|tiliq qn|til iq dk Mfjicmbi Mfji cmbi ~ @jmunli+ @jmunli + I lndudkani ld jiq huikldq eiqdq ytd piudadk antlildq* ambm jiq ytd matpik jiq tduwiq iubiliq dk Gipñk ~ Ijdbikni* jmq kdk÷iudq qmk amkq|utnlmq amk lnqaudanñk* |ui|iklm ld dn|iu ji ptejnanlil ~ ji





























ddk|tij mpmqnanñk ld ji pmejianñk jmaij* nkmubi Pnkd+ Qd |ui|i ld eiqdq mpdui|niq pdytdùiq ~ dsnejdq* ‚béq aduai ld wmkiq ld amk"





























qnj ~ |ui|iumk nkuta|tmqibd nku ta|tmqibdk|d k|d ld audiu eiqdq* qtptdq|ibdk|d qtptdq|ibdk|d piui i~tli ctbikn|iuni ~ ld dbduhdkani* dk _iuihti~ ~ Iuhdk|nki+‒ Km ltlibmq ytd tki ld jiq uiwmkdq ldj hmjpd ld Dq|ilm amk|ui dj pud" qnldk|d Jthm td pudanqibdk|d qt kdhi|ni i ji nkq|ijianñk ld dq|iq eiqdq dk |duun|munm piuihti~m+ Icmui ytd btacmq andk|âamq andk|âamq qmanijdq qmani jdq cik ldq|duuilm ldq|duu ilm ld ji iai" ldbni dj tqm ld |îubnkmq qtptdq|ibdk|d nldmjmhnwilmq ambm jtaci ld ajiqdq m nbpdunijnqbm* pmu amkqnlduiujmq ldbmlî* ldq|iañ tki amk" ajtqnñk ajid ldj amjdhi Gmckqmk dk jm ytd |mai i ji dspudqnñk bnjn" |iu ld dq|d ÷j|nbm amkadp|m7 ‚Ciad ijh÷k |ndbpm* qd pmlâi |uiwiu ji dspikqnñk ldj nbpdunijnqbm amk|iklm jiq amjmkniq+ Ji duqnñk dq|i" lmtknldkqd ld ji amjmkni dq ji eiqd bnjn|iu+ Qnhtndklm ji pmjâ|nai ld aibenm hjmeij ld eiqdq* qd ptdld ipudkldu btacm iaduai ld ktdq" |um aili dw bi~mu pmqnanñk nbpdunij ~ ldj bnjn|iunqbm ytd audad dk qt îu|nad+ Dj bnjn|iunqbm bnjn|iu nqbm ~ dj nbpdunijnqbm qmk cdubikmq qnibdqdq tknlmq pmu ji aildui+‒ ½Atiklm qdué dj qnhtndk|d qij|m ld ji uiki ldqld dj kdk÷iu béq





























Amk dj qtuhnbndk|m ~ dq|iejdanbndk|m dq|iejdanb ndk|m ambm ambm pm|dkani btklnij* i piu|nu piu |nu ld qt bmnbndk|m dspikqnmknq|i dspikqnmknq| i ciani dj mdq|d ~ ji amkytnq|i amkytnq|i ld ji bn|il ldj |duun|munm |duu n|munm ld Bîsnam* Bîsnam* ciq|i ciq| i qt htduui amk Dqpiùi dk 93>3 ~ ji matpianñk kdmamjmkni kdmamjmknijj ld _tdu|m Unam* Htik|ékibm Htik|ék ibm ~ ji nbpmqn" anñk ld ji Dkbndkli _ji|| i Atei* Dq|ilmq Tknlmq ci nk|dudknlm tki ~ m|ui dw amk ji tduwi ld qtq iubiq dk ktdq|umq piâqdq* ci ipm~ilm |mliq jiq lna|iltuiq annjdq ~ bnjn|iudq* bnjn|i udq* ci piu|nanpilm ia|nibdk|d ia|nibdk|d dk |mlmq jmq hmjpdq ld Dq|ilm* nkajt~dklm jmq béq udandk|dq* ambm dj jjd" ilm i aiem aie m dk Pdkdwtdji* Pdkdwtdji* dk amk|ui ldj pudqnldk|d Acédw ciad lndw iùmq ~ dj ld Cmkltuiq* dk amk|ui ldj pudqnldk|d Adji~i dk dj 5??>+ Dj huik cnq|munilmu* bnjn|ik|d ~ pdunmlnq|i Hudhmunm Qdjqdu dqaun" enñ tki bmktbdk|ij¯ Aumkmjmhâi ld jiq nk|dudkanmkdq ds|uikgduiq dk Ibîunai Ji|nki*¯ytd ambndkwi amk ji nkldpdkldkani ld Dq|ilmq Tkn" lmq dk 9880 ~ amkajt~d amkajt~d amk ji nkiqnñk kmu|d"ibdunaiki i _ikibé _iki bé dk 9>3>+ Iytâ dkamk|ui dkamk|uibmq bmq |mli ji cnq|muni cnq|mun i ldj amk|nkdk|d* amk|nkdk|d* ldqld Ijiqfi ciq|i ji _i|ihmkni* amk ji ldqaunpanñk ld béq ld 5?? iùmq ld jtaciq dbikanpilmuiq* htduuiq annjdq* amkna|mq umk|dunwmq* |ui|ilmq ld jâbn|dq* amkdknmq amkdknmq ambduanijdq* iatdulmq ia tdulmq lnpjmbé|namq* hmjpdq ld Dq"



























































|umq piâqdq+ _iui dj aiqm bdsnaikm* dq|d \ui|ilm ~ _um~da|m cik mubilm piu|d ld tk pumadqm ld¯ matpianñk nk|dhuij amk|dbpmué" kdm ¯“ldktkanilm pmu dj Hutpm _iw amk Ldbmauiani“* i piu|nu ldj atij qd ci ldqudhtjilm dj pi|unbmknm kianmkij* pummailm dj ldqbik|djibndk|m ~ ji ds|uikgdunwianñk |m|ij ld ji pjik|i pum" lta|ni* iqâ ambm ji bduaik|njnwianñk ldj aibpm* pdulnîklmqd ji qmeduikâi ijnbdk|iuni ~ pumtklnwéklmqd ji nk|dhuianñk |duun|m" unij* ‚dkduhî|nai* enmjñhnai ~ biytnjilmui* amk dj nk ld udqmjdu dj lînan| dkduhî|nam ld Dq|ilmq Tknlmq* |uiqjiliu dj pumejdbi ld ji bnhuianñk ~ jmq |uieigmq pudaiunmq ciani dj qtu “audiklm iqâ tki ktdi umk|dui ld ji amkjna|ni qmanmdamkñbnai“* ~ piui ldgiu dk bikmq ldj Eikam Btklnij* Amkqduianñk Nk|dukianmkij ~ m|umq muhiknqbmq qnbnjiudq ji nkijtiejd unytdwi enmjñhnai ldj





























|dukiq |duki q ld matpianñk ld qtq pumpnmq ptdejmq* ptdejmq* i piu|nu piu|n u ld ji nldi ld ytd Dq|ilmq Tknlmq |ndkd dj ldudacm ld nkbnqatnuqd dk atijytndu piu|d ldj btklm i |uiîq ld nk|dudkanmkdq lnuda|iq m nklnuda|iq* iendu|iq m dkatendu|iq* ~ amk eiqd dk dj amkadp|m ld jmq dq|ui|dhiq dq|ilmtkn" ldkqdq dk |mukm i ‚amkna|mq nk|dukmq‒ dk jmq ytd Xiqcnkh|mk pumpmu" anmki iubiq* dk|udkibndk|m ~ i~tli bnjn|iu* bndk|uiq jiq ‚kianmkdq ctîqpdldq‒ pihik dj pudanm dk btdu|mq ~ liùmq amji|duijdq6 amji|dui jdq6 amk|iklm amk|iklm amk ji amedu|tui bdlné|nai ld ‚jtaci amk|ui dj kiuam|uéam‒* dj ‚|d" uumunqbm‒ ~ ji ldunianñk ld ibemq* dj ‚kiuam"|duumunqbm‒+ Qnk ldq" aiu|iu aiu| iu tki tk i nk|dudkanñk nk|dudkanñk bnjn|iu lnuda|i ln uda|i amk |umpiq dq|ilmtknldkqdq+ dq|ilmtknldkqdq+ Biuadjm Amjtqqn* dk qt jneum¯ Dj Kiuam|uéàm7 tk iubi ldj nbpd" unm*¯ Iuhdkpudqq* Iuhdkpudqq* 5?9?* 5?9?* qmq|ndkd ytd dj qtptdq|m qtptdq|m ambei|d ambei|d ij kdhmanm kdhmanm ld





























Dj kiuam|uéàm* tk iubi ldj nbpdunm

I

uhdkpudqq* dk qtq dlnanmkdq nu|tijdq* ptqm i ji dk|i dj jn" eum ld Biuadjm Amjtqqn7¯ Dj Kiuam|uéàm7 tk iubi ldj nbpdunm #5?9?.*¯ at~i jda|tui udqtj|i nbpudqanklnejd piui dj ikéjnqnq qmeud dj |dbi dk dj ében|m pjikd|iunm ~* dk piu|natjiu* piui ji amb" pudkqnñk ld ji |uéhnai qn|tianñk ytd nd ia|tijbdk|d ktdq|um piâq+ Amkqnlduilm qt |uieigm ambm ‚tk ipmu|d i tk aibpm lmkld ci~ ld" biqnili bdk|nui‒* dj it|mu qmq|ndkd ytd ijudldlmu ldj kiuam|uéam ci~ tki duqnñk manij* bikdgili nkaikqiejdbdk|d pmu jmq bdlnmq ld ambtknaianñk ambtknaianñk biqni* ~ tki udijnlil matj|i+ Meqduiklm ji bihkn|tl ldqambtkij ldj kdhmanm ld lumhiq njâ"





























|uéam ld lumhiq njdhijdq=* i jm ytd udqpmkld ytd piui jiq huikldq bi~muâiq km ci~ edkdanm ijhtkm7 dj lumhm"ldpdklndk|d dk|ui dk tk nkdukm dk dj ytd km béq ldj 9?$ ld ytndkdq jm nk|dk|ik* jm" hui udatpduiuqd6 qtq ibnjniudq ibnjn iudq jjdik tki aiuhi ihmenik|d* ihmenik|d* ptdq ji ilnaanñk dkdkdki dkdkdki |mli amkndkani6 i jmq ihunatj|mudq ihu natj|mudq ytd atj|nik ji bi|duni punbi dk jmq piâqdq ldj Qtu qñjm jjdhi tk 9$ ld jmq edkd" anmq |m|ijdq ldj kdhmanm6 dk|ud jmq ptdejmq nklâhdkiq dj pihm dk dda|nm* ji udpudqnñk ~ ji atj|tui ldjnkatdkanij umbpdk amk jiq dq" |uta|tuiq ld it|mhmendukmq ambtkn|iunmq6 ji damkmbâi aibpdqnki ld it|mamkqtbm it|mamkqtbm dq udbpjiwili udbpjiwili pmu tki bduaik|njnwili6 ji j i atj|tui éanj¯nkatjilm i ji aunbnkijnlil qd jnhi amk tk ldqhi" ldj lnkdum¯ éanj uuibndk|m pumtklm ld |mlm dj |dgnlm qmanij* dk|uiklm dk tk pum" adqm ld ldqambpmqnanñk ~ ld htduui6 |mlm dj ipiui|m ldj qnaiuni|m































aipn|ij kikandum |uiqkianmkij ytd cm~ amk|umji ji damkmbâi btk" lnij ~ i jmq ytd dj Qtu pmeud ~ ldpdklndk|d ildtli anuiq iq|umkñ" bnaiq dk aijnlil ai jnlil ld ldtli ds|duki+‒ _dum ildbéq ld tk dkmubd kdhmanm* dj |uéam ld lumhiq njdhijdq |ndkd m|um qnhknailm7 dq t|njnwilm ambm bdaiknqbm ld amk|umj ld





























Bîsnam* Bîsnam* ½Dq|ilm ½Dq|ilm ijjjn ijjjnlm= lm=

T

k ibendk|d ld wmwmeui qd andukd qmeud ji Udp÷ejnai Bdsnai" ki+ Ji nmjdkani nktqn|ili ~ am|nlniki ldj aunbdk muhiknwi" lm* dk amjtqnñk amk tk hmendukm pdkd|uilm pmu jiq biiq "~ ytd mp|i pmu jiq âiq udpudqniq ~ bnjn|iudq piui dkudk|iu dj ldq"





























ldj ‚muldk p÷ejnam‒* ij bnqbm |ndbpm ytd qd nhkmui amkdkndk|d" bdk|d ji |mu|tui* |mu|tui * dj iqdqnki|m ~ jiq ldqipiunanmkdq ldqipiu nanmkdq muwili muwiliqq ld andk" andk" htduui qtani ¯~ ji dsnq|dkani ld |mq ld jtacilmudq qmanijdq* ji ktdi¯ htduui pudqmq pmjâ|namq dk |mlm dj piâq* ji iaanñk ld hutpmq piuibnjn|iudq dk Acnipiq ~ m|umq dq|ilmq* jmq ktbdumqmq pdunmlnq|iq btdu|mq dk dj dgduananm ld qt pumdqnñk1¯m jiq amkq|ik|dq nmjianmkdq i jmq ld"





























pmu jm ytd i jmq dq|ui|mq njtq|uilmq ~ ajiqdq bdlniq #pdum qnk ud" atuqmq damkñbnamq qtandk|dq.* âa|nbiq ld tki pqnamqnq qmanij #dk Acncticti* \ibitjnpiq* Qnkijmi* Ktdm Jdñk* udandk|dbdk" |d Bmudjmq* pmu dgdbpjm.* qñjm jdq ytdli ji puddkanñk6 ik ~ nd" kdk jmq amuudmq djda|uñknamq ilnu|ndklm qmeud jiq bmlijnlildq ld ji ldjnkatdkani ~ jmq piqmq i qdhtnu piui qmu|diuji7 ldqld dq|nu





























‑ktkai qd qied" ld jmq qda|mudq tjkduiejdq6 jmq lddklnlmq pmu jmq ‚iemhilmq ld manm‒6 jmq ‚aiukd ld aiùñk‒ ld jiq punqnmkdq6 jmq ‚ki" lnd‒* jmq ‚kili‒* jmq¯ knkn <* #ytndkdq pmu andu|m dq|ék ibdkiwilmq ld qdu âa|nbiq ld tki tk i jdi ytd jmq jmq jjdiuâi i ji j i nli aiq|udkqd aiq| udkqd pmu |udq iùmq.+ Dk amk|ui amk|uiq|d* q|d* jmq aipmq pmldumqmq ~ jmq ld atdjjm ejikam eji kam ptd" ldk nkajtqm km qñjm ijaikwiu ikwi dk dj aiqm uium ld aidu pudqmq











































































































































































































































































































































































Dr. Gilberto López y Rivas, Estudiando la contrainsurgencia, manuales, mentalidades y uso de la antropología

Recommend Documents