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DONALD KUSPIT
Reconsidering the Spiritual in Art
Part 1
Thank you It!s a great great pleasure pleasure to "e here here in sunny #irginia #irginia I appreciate appreciate the $elco%ing $eather It!s a great pleasure to "e at #irginia &o%%on$ealth once again I!'e "een here "e(ore) in (act se'eral ti%es It!s al$ays a pleasure to see *o$ard Risatti again) an old (riend) and so%eone $hose $ork I 'ery %uch ad%ire I $ant to thank Ada% +elch (or the particular in'itation) and the ,raduate Student Association as $ell
No$) let %e say $hat I!% doing here O"'iously the title-and you see this (ro% the poster as $ell-is a re(erence to Kandinsky!s 'ery (a%ous and in.uential essay) in ,er%an it $as /,eistige in der Kunst/ I use the ,er%an $ord deli"erately "ecause the $ord /,eist/ in ,er%an has a $hole di0erent resonance resonance in history hi story than the $ord /spiritual/ in nglish Spiritual sounds a little sappy in nglish +hen $e say so%e"ody is spiritual) $e!re $e!re not certain i( $e!re gi'ing the% a co%pli%ent or "eing ironical) in nglish 2ut in ,er%an i( you say so%e"ody!s a /,eistiger 3ensch/ that!s a true co%pli%ent) so%e"ody deep) re.ecti'e) and serious
No$) this paper is co%ing (ro% a nu%"er o( di0erent points o( 'ie$) or trying to address a nu%"er o( di0erent issues 4irst) I think it!s high ti%e to re5e'aluate t$entieth5century art in a serious $ay It!s "een scholarly done to death) so to say) e'erything!s "een analy6ed There are lots o( "ooks on Kandinsky) Kandinsky) and people associated $ith hi%7 his in.uence has "een $idely ackno$ledged *e!s a truly (a%ous) %a8or 9gure In %y hu%"le opinion) ulti%ately %ore o( a re'olutionary than Picasso Andr: 2reton) $ho $as not kno$n (or kindness) praised Kandinsky) I!% ;uoting 2reton) /as one o( the %ost e
No$) one o( the things that I think is going on in Kandinsky!s art) and in On the Spiritual in Art) is an e0ort to deal $ith an issue that $as raised in *egel!s Pheno%enology Pheno%enology o( 3ind) $hich $as pu"lished 8ust a"out a century earlier Ph=no%enologie des ,eistes) it!s so%eti%es called) pheno%enology o( %ind) so%eti%es spirit) there are 'arious translations in nglish) pheno%enology o( consciousness And *egel) i( you read it 'ery care(ully) reaches a curious point *e goes (ro% sense e
argues that the cli%a< o( spiritual acti'ity-let!s use that $ord-is the spirit kno$ing itsel( and co%ing and "eco%ing itsel( And then suddenly) ha'ing said that) he .ips right "ack into sense e
No$) I think there!s so%ething else that!s 'ery i%portant that!s going on today I!% 'ery interested in %aintaining $hat I call the spiritual i%pulse in art) and I (rankly think it!s disappearing 4or %e the de"ate in art is sy%"oli6ed "y the di0erence "et$een say ,erhard Richter and Ansel% Kie(er I (ound it a $onder(ul relie( to see Kie(er!s recent sho$ at ,agosian &helsea I (ound it a $onder(ul antidote in relie( (ro% the sho$ "y Richter $hich is no$ at the 3useu% o( 3odern Art) $hich is no$ in San 4rancisco >ou can "uy a "ook ?Richter @@B (or one hundred and t$enty 9'e dollars) it has an alu%inu% slee'e on it) it!s the ulti%ate hype o( an artist There are eight reproductions in it) t$o te
>ou %ay "e a$are-i( you!re not) I!ll %ake you-that Richter has sharply attacked Kie(er as too pretentious) too %uch into the su"li%e) a%ong other things) okay I think that!s a %istake) so that!s one thing I $ant to address The other thing I think that!s happening) and that Kandinsky stands right in the %iddle o() is that $e!re at a %o%ent o( a paradig% change) as it!s called) it!s "een going on (or a $hile in the history o( art I "elie'e that the idea o( 9ne art is dead or dying The idea o( 9ne art $hich e%erged in the eighteenth century) sy%"oli6ed "y Kant!s aesthetics-and there $as no concept o( aesthetics in traditional philosophy-and then "y the discourses "y Reynolds) that that!s on the $ay out) it!s going I think art is "eco%ing 'ery ideological) and it!s less interested in %ediating this special e
So I think Kandinsky is "ringing together the spiritual idea o( art $ith the aesthetic idea o( art) or let!s say the spiritual i%pulse) and trying to unite the% Okay) so these are so%e o( the things I!% going to do And I!% going to sho$ $orks $hich you!re pro"a"ly (a%iliar $ith) and I $ill talk a little "it a"out the% and say things I!% sure you!re (a%iliar $ith (ro% Kandinsky
2ut then $hat I $ant to do is to shi(t it a "it) perhaps in ter%s that %ay "e a little too general) "ut it!s hard not to "e general in the conte
I also ha'e to say that there!s a su"8ecti'e %oti'ation "ehind this talk As one gets older) one "eco%es a$are o( sickness and death One "eco%es a$are o( $hat 2uddha $as a$are o( $hen he le(t the closed garden o( his pleasures and $ent out in the $orld and sa$ a sick person) a dead "ody) and he couldn!t "elie'e these things eou %ay disagree $ith that) you %ay not do it I re%ind you that Kandinsky) along $ith 3ale'ich and 3ondrian) $ere all spiritual artists "y their o$n testi%ony This has "een (orgotten No"ody takes their $riting seriously A $hile "ack *ilton Kra%er said) /Oh) it!s all 8ust a"out (or%al inno'ation) and i%pulse) and spontaneity/ 2ut it!s %ore co%plicated The issue is $hether it is still possi"le to re5present) represent) spiritual i%pulse $ithout the traditional iconography) that!s $hat they $ere trying to address So $ithout (urther ado) I!ll "egin
It is al%ost a century since Kandinsky) +assily Kandinsky $rote On the Spiritual in Art +hy reconsider it no$C It $as $ritten) pu"lished in 11E "y Piper5#erlag) and there are a nu%"er o( essays related to it done in 11F) 111 Not si%ply "ecause o( historical reasons-not si%ply "ecause it $as ti%e to take a (resh look at a te
the% outside) right outside o( 3osco$) you!ll kno$ $hat he $as talking a"out It didn!t %atter $hether it $as a Russian Orthodo< church or a &atholic church) as he said The e
letter to +ill ,roh%an) the great ,er%an scholar) in 1E) /I $ant people to see 9nally $hat lies "ehind/-that!s Kandinsky!s e%phasis-/%y painting/