Conveyor Tensioning Device (Hydraulic Lab) Full

Robotics and Automation – MEM 665 / LS3 / LCY Rev. 03-2011

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Program Mechanical Mechanical Course Cours e Code Lecturer/Tutor Name Group

: Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) (Hons.) : Robotics and Automatio n : MEM 665 : Prof. Madya. Dr. Hanafiah Yussof : EM 220 8C4

Lab Report Report Experiment’s Tittle

CONVEYOR CONVEYOR TENSIONING TENSIONING DEVICE (HYDRAULIC L AB )

Bil

Student Name

Student ID

1.

Abdul Munir bin Zainuddin

2016229548

2.

Ahmad Fakhri bin Azmi

2016238774

3.

Aizzat Fizzri bin Rosman

2015218202

4.

Amirah binti Che Zakaria

2015283852

5.

Amirah binti Ishak Latfi

2015182185

6.

Aziful Aiman bin Abdul Mutalib

2016238642

7.

Fatin Hamani binti Mohd Nasir

2015283576

8.

Kamaruz Danial bin Kamaruzzaman

2016229894

9.

Mohamad Afiq Farhan bin Zamri

2016229764

Lab Session

Submi ssi on of Report:

:

14/03/ 14/03/2019 2019 (Date)

App rov ed by:

21/03/ 21/03/2019 2019 (Date)

Received by:

Signature

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Table of Contents 1.0

INTRODUCTION .......................................... ................................................................ ........................................... ........................................... ............................ ...... 3

2.0

OBJECTIVES ......................................... .............................................................. ........................................... ............................................ ................................... ............. 6

3.0

APPARATUS........................................... ................................................................. ........................................... ........................................... ................................... ............. 7

4.0

PROCEDURE............................ PROCEDURE....... .......................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... .......................... .... 10

5.0

RESULT AND DISCUSSION.......................................... ............................................................... ........................................... ............................. ....... 11

6.0

CONCLUSION........................................ ............................................................. ........................................... ............................................ ................................. ........... 14

7.0

RECOMMENDATION ......................................... .............................................................. ........................................... ........................................ .................. 15

8.0

REFERENCES ........................................ ............................................................. ........................................... ............................................ ................................. ........... 16









LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Example of Hydraulic System ....................................................................... ........................................................................................................... .................................... 3 Figure 2: The hydraulic system works on the principle of Pascal's law which says that the pressure in an enclosed fluid is uniform in all the directions ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................... ...... 4 Figure 3: Graphical diagram of a hydraulic system .............................................................. .......................................................................................... ............................ 5 Figure 4: Check valve ....................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................ 7 Figure 5: 4/3-way valve manually........................................................... ..................................................................................................................... .......................................................... 7 Figure 6: Cylinder ................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. .......................... 7 Figure 7 : Hydraulic fluid source with pressure gauge ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 8: Hydraulic fluid sink with pressure gauge .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... 8 Figure 9: Pressure release valve .............................................................. ........................................................................................................................ .......................................................... 8 Figure 10: Hydraulic tubes .......................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... ...... 9 Figure 11: Non-return piloted valve ........................................................ .................................................................................................................. .......................................................... 9 Figure 12: Completed hydraulic circuit .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 13: Actuator in retracted position ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................ 12 Figure 14: Actuator in extracted position .......................................................... ........................................................................................................ .............................................. 12









1.0 INTRODUCTION

Many modern machines and other types of equipment utilize hydraulic systems, such as cars. However, you can also find them existing in nature. A transmission system that uses pressured hydraulic fluid in order to power the hydraulic machine is the definition for a hydraulic drive system. Hydraulic systems can also be defined as the systems that move pressurized liquids li quids through confined spaces, such as pipes and tubes. [1] For a precise control of larger forces, hydraulic systems were used. The categories for the main applications of hydraulic system can be classified as; Industrial, Mobile hydraulics, Automobiles, Marine application and Aerospace equipment. [2] The hydraulic systems consist a number of parts for its proper functioning. The main components that make up a hydraulic system such as control valve, are the reservoir, pump, valves and the actuators such as the motor and cylinder. [3] Hydraulic pumps, motors, and cylinders can be combined into hydraulic hydraulic drive systems. One or more hydraulic pumps, coupled to one one or more hydraulic motors, constitute a hydraulic hydraulic transmission.









Pascal's law, defined in around 1650, states that weight in a fluid is transmitted similarly similarl y every which way; for example, when water is made to fill a shut holder, the use of weight anytime will be transmitted to all sides of the compartment. In the water powered press, Pascal's law is utilized to pick up an expansion in power; a little power connected to a little cylinder in a little chamber is transmitted through a cylinder to a vast barrel, where it presses similarly against all sides of the chamber, including the substantial cylinder. [4]

Figure 2: The hydraulic system works on the principle of Pascal's law which says that the p ressure in an enclosed fluid i s uniform in all the directions









A multiplication of force can be achieved by the application of fluid pressure according to Pascal's principle, which for the two pistons implies [5] P1 = P2

This allows the lifting of a heavy load with a small force, as in an auto hydraulic lift, but of course there can be no multiplication of work, so in an ideal case cas e with no frictional loss: Winput = Woutput The contrast among pneumatics and hydraulics really lies in the medium that is used to transmit control. Pneumatics use effectively compressible gas like air or unadulterated gas. [6] [ 6] In the interim, hydraulics uses moderately incompressible fluid media like mineral oil, ethylene glycol, water, engineered types, or high temperature fireproof liquids to make control transmission conceivable.











2.0 OBJECTIVES

1. To assemble, test, trouble shoots (if necessary) and describes the operation of hydraulic cylinder in tension, retraction and stopped positions. 2. To familiarizes the student with the applications of a 4/3-way valve. 3. To show how to use a piloted non-return valve.









3.0 APPARATUS

Table 1: List of apparatus

NO 1.

COMPONENTS

DESCRIPTION

Allows fluid to flow in one direction, in this case from bottom to top.

Figure 4: Check valve

These valves have four or five pipe connections, commonly called ports. One pressure inlet, two-cylinder ports providing pressure to the double acting cylinder or actuator and one or two outlets to exhaust pressure from the cylinders.

2.

Figure 5: 4/3-way valve manually

3.

Retract or extend to ensure that the fluid flow with the right system.









The hydraulic fluid entering the system from pump.

4.

Figure 7 : Hydraulic fluid source with pressure gauge

The hydraulic fluid exiting the system to the pump

5.

Figure 8: Hydraulic fluid sink with pressure gauge

6.

The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flow from an auxiliary passage out of the system









The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through tubes.

7.

Figure 10: Hydraulic tubes

To stop the cylinder in case of emergency stop or pressure drop. Control the inlet and outlet of the air system.

8.

Figure 11: Non-return piloted valve









4.0 PROCEDURE

1. The drawing of the given hydraulic circuit diagram of the system was studied and understood. 2. The hydraulic components that were involved in this experiment were recognized and through their symbol labels. 3. The practical assembly of the hydraulic circuit was constructed. 4. The hydraulic component attached at the wall according to the circuit diagram. 5. The tubes are attached to the hydraulic component starts from the double action cylinder. 6. The system was executed by pressing and activating the switch involved. 7. Observations and results were obtained.











5.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

RESULT









Figure 13: Actuator in retracted position









DISCUSSION

The basic hydraulic circuit was usually used to lift the heavy load for examples excavator, crane, and industry machines. Based on the experiment, we are successful s uccessful to connect the circuit base on the schematic diagram and the 9kg load was successfully successfull y lifted by the hydraulic system. The task was performing through the pressurized liquid in the system. That pressurized fluid acts upon every of the section of containing vessel and create force or power. The pressure creates by the pump in the tank. There were several components involved in this experiment such as 4/3 way directional control valve (DCV), check valve, hydraulic pump, pilot operated pressure relief valve and double acting cylinder. The process started with the liquid was pumped into the system and create pressure. Then, the liquid flowed straight into the left side of 4/3 way DCV and went to the check valve. Liquid continue to flow into the blind end side of the double acting cylinder and cause it to extend and lift the load. So, liquid from the rod end side will flow into the tank. In order to retract the rod, the 4/3 way DCV was shifted to the right side and changes the liquid l iquid flow direction. Furthermore, every component in hydraulic system is very important and has its own function. For example, 4/3 way DCV is allows fluid flow into different paths from one or more sources. Secondly, check valve are the simplest form of hydraulic h ydraulic devices that they only permit fluid flow in only one direction and block fluid come from opposite direction. Thirdly, pilot operated relief









6.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion we had achieved our objective to assemble, test, troubleshoot and describe the operation of hydraulic cylinder in tension, retraction and stopped position, to familiarize the student with the applications of a 4/3-way valve and show how to use a piloted non-return valve and to design and propose a new improvement of the existing system. The hydraulic system we construct was successful because the cylinder is able to retract and extend according to the schematic diagram given. The operation of hydraulic cylinder in tension, retraction and stopped position was described in the discussion. In completing the experiment, we faced many problems that required reference from the technician, but we managed to complete our experiment successfully. One of such problem is as the following; the valve is in a pressurized condition and as a result, we cannot assemble the hose to the valve. Another problem is that the components to be assembled at the circuit board were not stored and labeled properly. Therefore, we went through the difficulties in finding the components in the drawer. In addition, while operating the circuit, the oily components also influenced our experiment.









7.0 RECOMMENDATION

As recommendations, the lab should provide a way to clean and maintain the components and provide extra technician to guide us while conducting the experiment. Hydraulic machines are machines and tools which use fluid power to do work. Hydraulic systems have a quite high power density, and this makes hydraulic systems and machinery widely applied in various fields and industries. Heavy equipment is a common example. In this type of machine, high pressure hydraulic fluid is transmitted throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically automaticall y by control valves and distributed through through hoses and tubes.











8.0 REFERENCES

[1] L. Hamill, Understanding Hydraulics, 2011, 2011, p. 2. [2] Suleiman Khayal, Khayal, Osama, Introduction to Hydraulic Systems, Systems, 2017 [3] US Army Aviation Logistics School Fort Eustis, Virginia, Basic Basic Hydraulic Systems and Components, 1994 [4] "Britannica," [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle.. [Accessed 18 March 2019]. [5] “HyperPhysics,” [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/pasc.html.. [Accessed 19 March 2019]. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/pasc.html [6] S. ILANGO, V. SOUNDARARAJAN, Introduction Introduction to Hydraulics Hydraulics and Pneumatics, 2011

Conveyor Tensioning Device (Hydraulic Lab) Full

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