UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUE
TAMADUN TAMADUN ISLAM DAN TAMADUN ASIA (TITAS)
TAJUK: SISTEM SISTE M KASTA KAS TA DAN ISU IS U NOVEL NOVE L INTERLOK YANG TIDAK DAPAT DAPAT DITERIMA DITERI MA OLEH MASYARAKAT MASYARAKAT INDIA
DISEDIAKAN OLEH: FARAH NAJWA BINTI RAHIM
50211152!"
AUNI NAYLI BATRISYIA BINTI A#LIN NI#AM
50211152$
FAI# IRSYAD AIMAN BIN MAHMUD
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FARHAN RE#AL BIN AHMAD RE#AL
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MUHAMMAD ASYRAFF BIN MOHD JALIL
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ISI KANDUNGAN KANDUNGAN
HALAMAN
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1'0 PENGHARGAAN
B-46 B-4677- 7,3 7,3 7 +,-, +,-, I..,+3 I..,+3 7-,, 7-,, *, *, .3=,+ .3=,+ , 7-3, 7-3,>N6 >N6,, ,=, ,=, 7,3 7,3 6=-,7, *,4, T,, I4., , T,, A43, 6,* 9-,/7 S34 K,4, , M,4,.,+ N;. I-.7 D,., M,46,-,7, I3,' P-,, 7,.3? 43**3>3**3 =*+,-*,, 7=,, E837 M,,+, ? =46,-,+ TITAS 7,3 7-,, 4373 49,6,7 .,+ 9-3 9393*, , /7 ,/,- 7=,, 7,3 -,,6, ,-3 4*3 =3.3+, ,/7? =-,*, , =/.,4, =/.,4, ,7., 3 6=-,7 6=-,7, , *,4, *,4, TITAS 33' S.,3 3? 3,7 .=, /*, 4/, =*+,-*,, 7=,, 39>9,=, 7,3 6,* 9-37, 47*, -,. 7=,, 7,3 4=,/,* =-44 63,=7, *,4, 33' T,=, 9-7, , , 9-7, -7,? 3,7 *73 7,3 9-/,6, 63,=7, *,4, 33' A7+3- 47,.3? -39, -3, 7,43+ /*, =,, -,7,>-,7, 7,3 6,* 9,6,7 9-7*43 ,7.,>,7., 9-*,' P-7*43, ,, 4,*, 9-,7, , .,+ 9,6,7 -3*,7, 99, 4=,/,* 63,=7, *,4, 33' T-3, T-3, 7,43+ 47,.3 .,*3 7=,, 4, =3+,7 6,* -.39, 48,-, .,*4* ,, 48,-, 3,7 .,*4* ,., =+ 63,=7, *,4, 33'
2
2'0 PENGENALAN P*,/3, 49/7 T,, I4., , A43, (TITAS) 938,*7, =-3+,. ,, ,, ,, ?? =9, =9,* *, , , , 7/, 7/, +, +,6 6,? ,? 9,6 9,6,, , ,*,, ,*,, ,, ,, -4 -49 9' ' S8,S8,-,, 7+446,? *,4, 7,3 .93+ -/7 7=,, T,, I3, , .93+ 9-7+44 7=,, 434 K,4, 6,* 3 ,,.7, .+ ,46,-,7, I3, , 34 6,* 39. ,., ;. I-.7 7,-6, S,,--,@, N*,-,? Y,* Y,* B-9,+,*3,? D,7 A9..,+ H44,3' D,., D,., =-. =-.,7 ,74, 4,, ,, , *, *,44 33? 33? 7,3 7,3 ., .,+ + * *, ,.3 .3 *, *, .93 .93+ + ,., ,., , ,* * T,, I3, , 434 7,4,' M,7,? 3. -49 - 34-,7, ,., *,4, 33 , 3=-383 7, 7=,, 99-,=, 7= =3* 7 3,+,3' H,. 33 -,47.,+ ,* 4/,-, 4/,-,+ + T,, ,, I3,? I3,? 4/,-, 4/,-,+ + 434 434 7,4,? 7,4,? 8,-, 8,-, =*,, =*,,., ., 434 434 7,4,? 7,4,? 79,37 79,37, , , 79-7,6, 4-, 34 6,* 39. *,3 *, 3 434 7,4, 3 M,.,643,'
3
%'0 SEJARAH TAMADUN INDIA
T,, A43, -=,7, ,, 6,* -, 3 3,' T,-37+ 49,- 9-.,6, ,, 33 3,7 ,=, 37,. =,43? , ,, 33 ,= =6,3 4, 4/,-,+ 6,* =,/,* , 9-.,*4* +3**, 733' N*,-, I3, -.,7 3 ,,-, L,, H33 , P-**, H3,.,6,' N*,-, 33 9.+ 39,+,*3 7=,, , 9,+,*3, 3,3 I3, U,-, ,, 37,.3 /*, 49,*,3 I>A-6, , I3, S.,, 6,* /*, 37,.3 49,*,3 I D-,;3,'
S/,-,+ 9-.,6, ,, I3, 9.+ 37,*-37, 7=,, 3*, 9,+,*3, 3,3 ,-3=,, ,, ,@,.? ,, =-*,+, , ,, E-=,+1' D,., ,, ,@,. -3-3 =., ,-3=,, ,, V37? ,, =,6,- M,-6,? ,, =,6,- G=,? #,, S,*,? ,, *.,=? ,, P,..,6, , ,, C+.,' T,, I3, /*, *,,.7, =, =-3*7, 7+3=, 3,3 B-,+,8,-6,? G-,+,4,? V,,=-,4,? , S,6,4,' K3,9 V, 3.34 ,., B,+,4, S,47-3' D,., 7,-6, =38 M,+,9+,-,, , R,,6,? 3, ,,.,+ 3.373 744,4-,, S,47-3' A,-, 73,>73,9 V, 3,.,+ R3*? Y,/-? S,, , A+,-6,'
S.=,4 99-,=, =+? tamadun Indus telah mengalami keruntuhan. Hal ini
dika dikait itka kan n deng dengan an kedat edatan angan gan orang orang Arya Aryan n yang yang tela telah h memb membaw awa a satu satu budaya dan tahap baru kepada masyarakat Lembah Indus.Tahap ini dikenali seba sebagai gai Zama Zaman n edik edik.. Zama Zaman n edik edik meru merupa paka kan n per permula mulaan an kehid ehidup upan an beragam beragama a bagi bagi masyar masyaraka akatt terseb tersebut ut keran kerana a pada pada !aman !aman itulah itulah lahir lahirnya nya agama Hindu. "etalah beberapa ketika ketika bertapak di Lembah Indus# men$elang 1 S37' Nota S37' Nota tamadun Islam Islam dan Asia Asia Tenggara Tenggara sadn 1013'U3;-433 1013'U3;-433 U,-, M,.,643,?2010
%
abad abad ketu$ ketu$uh uh "ebelu "ebelum m &asihi &asihi perhat perhatian ian masyar masyaraka akatt terseb tersebut ut berali beralih h ke Lembah 'anges.
(ada !aman ini terdapat golongan pemerintah yang terdiri daripada golongan ra$a.Terdapat dua bentuk kera$aan# iaitu $anapada atau kera$aan ke)il e)il dan dan maha maha$a $ana napa pada da atau atau kera$ era$aan aan besar besar.. *i bawa bawah h peme pemeri rint ntah ahan an +handr +handragup agupta ta &aurya &aurya## kera$ kera$aan aan,k ,kera era$aa $aan n ke)il ke)il ini telah telah dis disatu atukan kan.. (ada tahu tahun n 32 321 1 ".&. ".&. tela telah h lahi lahirr empa empaya yarr yang yang pert pertam ama a di Indi India. a. Ini Ini berl berlak aku u semasa semasa pemer pemerint intahan ahan *inast *inastii &aury &aurya a apabil apabila a seluru seluruh h India India uatara uatara telah telah disat disatuk ukan an.. *ina *inast stii ini ini men) men)apa apaii kemun emun)a )ak k kegem egemil ilang angan an pada pada ketik etika a pemerintahan Asoka.
-
"'0 SEJARAH SISTEM KASTA DALAM MASYARAKAT INDIA B73 -,@,. 434 7,4, 33 8. 3 ,., 73,9 V, 4,@,. 1500 S'M' D3 ,., 73, 73,9 9 R3; R3; =., =.,?? =,, =,, 1&00> 1&00>11 1100 00 S'M S'M /,-, /,-,* * 6 69 9 , ,* * 434 434 7,4 7,4,' ,' W,., ., 9,*,3,,=? 73,9 B+,*,;, B+,* ,;, G3,? 200 S'M 200 S'M .,+ 4-447, 7=3*, 434 7,4,'2 S34 7,4, 3,7 .,7 ,., 4, 4/,-,+ I3,' S9,*,3 8+? 3,43 6,* -,+46-? D3,43 G=, 6,* 3=-3,+ 4=,/,* %20>550 S'M ,,.,+ ,-3 K,4, V,34+,' S.,3 3? -,,3 =-3,+ 6,* .,3 6,* 9-,4,. ,-3=,, 7,4, 6,* 9-9, 4=-3 M,-3, N,6,74 6,* -=,7, B.3/,' T-,=, , =,=, ,* ,4,. 4. 434 7,4, =,, ,, =-9, , ,, =-*,+, 3 I3,%' Y,* =-,,? 7,7, 9,+,@, ,7- 3.*3 6,* 97 434 7,4, , 9-=,=, 9,+,@, 7,4, 9-,7,->93 ,-3 =, ;,-,' Y,* 7,? 3, 747, 7=,, ,7- 443>73 , ,7@, 9,+,@, 3.,+ 6,* 97 434 7,4,' I, =-8,6, 9,+,@, 434 7,4, 9-,7,->93 ,-3 73? =.337 , 9,+, 4/,-,+ 3 I3,"
2 +handra# amesh. Identity and Genesis of Caste System in India # /ew *elhi *elhi 'yan ooks# 200-. 3 &)'ilray# *ennis. *ennis . Caste ideology and interaction. interaction . +ambridge niersity (ress#1452 % Dirks, Nicholas B. Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of New India #2001 6
5'0 PERINCIAN SISTEM KASTA P-7,,, 7,4, 9-,4,. ,-3 P-*34 , 3*,7, .+ E-=,+ 7 *7.,4337,437, 47 ,46,-,7, 3 I3,' “ The Sanskrit word is Varna = colour, thus showing that upon the dierence o colour !etween the Ar"an #rahmins and the a!original inha!itant the distinction o caste was originall" ounded $% &'ope S3,= 7.,4 3,., 434 7,4, 3,**,3 .+ *.*, 6,* 9-9, ,-, 483,. -7, *37 =7-/,,'
- 7.A *ubois# Abbe. Hind Manners, Cstoms ! Ceremonies . 8egan (aul Limited# 2009
"a#ah $: %engkelasan kasta yang digam&arkan melali 'yramid
B- B-,4 ,4,,-7, 7, R,/, R,/,+ + 1 3 ,,4 ,,4?? =* =*7. 7.,4 ,4, , 7,4 7,4,, ,=, ,=, 39, 39,+,* +,*37 37, , 7=, 7=,, , =, =, 9,+,*3,' K.,4 6,* =-,, , -3**3 4.=,4 -,/, ,,.,+ B-,+3' K.,4 33 -3-3 ,-3=,, *.*, =,-3>=,-3 , =,-, 4,-/,,' G.*, 33 =6,3 =7-/,, -,343 3,3 3,3 .39, .39,7, 7, 3-3 3-3 ,., ,., 99-33 9393 9393*, *, -+,3 -+,3 ,46,-,7 ,46,-,7,? ,? /,. /,.,7, ,7, =,8,=,8,-,, =-7,+@3,? 7,3, , =.9,*,3 .,*3' K.,4 6,* 7, =., -=,7, *.*, K4,-3,' K.,4 33 -3-3 ,-3=,, ,47,-? =.34 , =3=3'G.*, ,-3 7.,4 33 +,-4.,+ .3*3 ,46,,46,-,7, ,7, 73*, 73*, 49,-, 49,-,* * =-==-=-,,* ,,*, , ,, ,, 98,, 98,,'' K.,4 K.,4 73*, 73*, =., =., 37, 37,.3 .3 49,*,3 49,*,3 W,346, 6,* -3-3 ,-3=,, *.*, =,*,* , =7-/, ,+3-' A7+3- 47,.3? 3 ,**, -9,@,+ 434 7,4, ,,.,+ S-, 6,* 3,**,3 3,**,3 *, 9-+ 7,4,-' W,.,9,*,3,,=? ,=, /*, *.*, 6,* 3,7 9-,, ,., 434 7,4, , *.*, 33 37,.3 49,*,3 =,-3,' C3-3 ,46,-,7, =,-3,+ ,., 434 7,4, 33 ,,.,+ 4, 83-3 6,* =,.3* 7/,' I, 3.3+, .+ 9,6,7 =3+,7 49,*,3 4,.,+ 4, , =-7,, =,.3* 7,' G.*, =,-3, 3,**,= 49,*,3 *.*, 6,* -8,-' -8 ,-' S9,*,3 8+? 4-,* *.*, B-,+3 9.+ 9-37, ,3- 7=,, 4-,* *.*, =,-3,' T,=3? 44-,* ,-3 5
*.*, =,-3, 3,7 9.+ 9-3 ,3- 7=,, *.*, B-,+3 7-,, -7, 9-=,=, 9,+,@, *.*, =,-3, 9,@, =8,-, 7=,, ,3- 3'$
India)ss *aste S"stem S"stem ? ,43,+34, 43,+34-6',9'8 6',9'8 6 K,..3 S8=,473 (istor" o India)
4
$'0 KEBAIKAN SISTEM KASTA DALAM MASYARAKAT INDIA S34 S34 7,4, 7,4, -=,7 -=,7, , 49,+ 49,+ 434 434 6,* 6,* 37 37 , =6 =6,3 ,3 83-36 83-36,, 6,* 6,* -43 -4333-3' 3' W,.,= 434 33 7.3+,, 9*3 7=.74 7-,, 7=.,9,*,3, 4-7- , 49 9,*3 43,= 4-7-? 434 434 33 ,43+ =6,3 = 6,3 79,37,6, -43-3' A,-, A,-, 79,37,6, 79,37,6, ,,.,+ .+ 7-,, 434 434 33 .,+ 9,+,*37, 9,+,*37, =*7.,4, =*7.,4, 443,. 443,. ,46,-,7, ,46,-,7, *37 =7-/,,? =7-/,,? 3,, =-8,**,+, =-8,**,+, 9-.,7 9-.,7 ,., -*,34,43 -*,34,43 =.337 =.337 ,, I3,' H,. 33 -/7 7=,,& H-6 K' B8+,=?L'I'E 6,* 6,,7, “*aste assigns to each indi+idual his own proession or calling and the hand ing down o this s"stem rom ather to son,rom generation to generation, makes it impossi!le or an" person or his descendants to change the condition o lie which the law assigns to him or an" other-%
O.+ 3 +,. 33 /77, 9,+,@, 3,, 99,, 6,* 3-,4,3 .+ -,7, .+ 7-,, 7=-8,6,, -7, 7=,, -,343 ,,.,+ /,* ,, 7 -7, -4 77,. *, 3.,3> 3.,3 -3 7+3=, -7,' S., S.,3 3 3? 3? 434 434 7,4, 7,4, /*, /*, 9 9, ,7, 7, ,46 ,46,,-,7 ,7, , ,-3 ,-3 *. *.* *, , 6,* 6,* 4,, 4,, .,+3-7, 49,+ 733 6,* -,=, 9,*,3 343 *, 77' S9,*,3 8+?J,3 -=,7, 494746 ,., 434 7,4,' G.*, 6,* 9-,, 3 7.,4 /,3 ,7, 9-7,+@3 ,,-, 4, 4,, .,3 , *,93. 9-, ,,-, 4, 4,, .,3'
9 L.I.: eu)hamp .Henry.et.al. Hind Manners,Cstom and Ceremonies. Ceremonies. *elhi niersiti o; &adras# 1406
10
&'0 KEBURUKAN SISTEM KASTA DALAM MASYRAKAT INDIA
“It is not permitted to contract marriage with a person o another case, not to change rom one proession proession or trade to another, nor or the same person to undertake more than one, e.cept he is the caste o philosophers, when permission is gi+en on account o his dignit" /%> M*,4+4 C3-3 434 7,4, 6,* .,+ ,=7, 4,4 , =7-/,, =.,/,- 4/,7 .,+3- .,+ 69,97, 9-.,76, 74 4=-3 .,77, -,* 6,* 4,.,+ 7=,, 44, =7-/,,' S9,*,3 8+? 4-,* ,,7 =,-3 3,7 4436, 9-79.+, 7 /,3 4-,* =,-3' T,=3 T,=3 349,97, 434 7,4, 6,* .,7? 3, 3,7 9.+ 7,- 7=,, =7-/,, .,3' .,3' O.+ O.+ +,. 6,* 6,* 373 373,? ,? 434 434 7,4, 7,4, 3,7 3,7 ,=, ,=, +3 +3 =4 =433 , 79.+ 79.+, , 44-,* 44-,* .,. .,77, .,77, 49,+ -3,*, -3,*, 7=,, =-73;33 =-73;33 6,* =3 =3 3 ,., 49,+ -*,34,43' S.,3 S.,3 3? 3? 434 434 7,4, 7,4, /*, /*, 9-, 9-,** ***/, */,@,9 @,9 7 7 99-,= 99-,=,, ,,., ,,., 443,. 443,. 6,* 3,7 3,7 9--,.' O.+ 7-,, 74 +3= 3*7, , =.,* =7-/,, 4,73 7-,* , =3.3+, 7-/, 6,* -+,? -,76, -=,74, **,7, 8,-, .3837 , ,,., 6,* 3,7 9--,. 7 ,=, ,, =8,-3, -7,' A7+3- 47,.3? 434 7,4, .,+3-7, ,,., 6,* 3,7 9-=-37,43,, , 3,7 9--,. 7=,, *.*, =,-3,' P,, ,4, ,+. , /*, 47,-,*? 4+, 4,,>,, .+ *.*, =,-3, 7=,, *.*, .,3 3,**,= 49,*,3 4, 4,' G.*, =,-3, /*, 3+,.,* ,-3=,, 6-,3 ,73;33>,73;33 , =,>=, 443,. , ,*,,'
5 '." 'hunye# Caste and "ace In India. India . (opular (rakashan (riate Limited# 2005. 11
!'0 ISU NOVEL INTERLOK DAN SISTEM KASTA N;. 6,* 37,-,* .+ S,4-,@, N*,-,? Y,* Y,* B-9,+,*3, D,7 A9..,+ H44,3 6,* 9-,/7 I-.7 .,+ 3=3.3+ .+ K-3, P337, M,.,643, 49,*,3 49,+ 74 K= K= S,4S,4-,, ,., ,., P*,/ P*,/,-, ,-, , P9. P9.,/,,/,-, , B,+,4, B,+,4, M.,6 M.,6 (KOMSA (KOMSAS) S) 7 7 T3*7,, 5 3 # 2' # 2 -,47 W3.,6,+ P-74, K,., L=-? P-,/,6,? S.,*- , N*-3 S93.,' P** P**, ,, , ;. ;. 3 3 3 47. 47.,+> ,+>4 47. 7.,+ ,+ ., .,+ + 3 39 9. .7, 7, 9, 9,,+, ,+, 7=,, 7=,, ,46,-,7, I3, 3 M,.,643,' H,. 33 7-,, =**,, 4, 343.,+ - 3,3 =,-3, 3 ,., ;. 6,* 3,**,= 63*** +,3 ,46,-,7, I3, , 9-43, -,434' B9-,=, =3+,7 NGO 6,* @,73.3 4,-, ,46,-,7, I3, -,47 MIC .,+ .,+-37, =-,4,, 3,7 =,4 +,3 -7, 7=,, K-3, P337, M,.,643, , - 3, 9.7, -,4, 6,* 63**7, +,3 -7, ,., ;. -49' P.34 ;. 3 37,,6, .,+ **,7, 343.,+ 6,* 6, -/7 7=,, 4, *.*, ,., ,46,-7, I3, 6,* -,+ ,-,9, ,., 4-7- 443,.' O.+ +,. 373,? =**,, 343.,+ =,-3, -49 .,+ 3,**,= 49,*,3 4, =*+3,, 7=,, 7, I3,'
4 &. (erry# &ar)h 2-#2011? 12
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
13
10'0 TINDAKAN KERAJAAN TERHADAP ISU NOVEL INTERLOK K-3, P337, M,.,643, (KPM) .,+ 9-437,= -97, , -3, 4*,., =,,*, 6,* 39-37, .+ ,46,-,7, M,.,643, 3 ,9,+ 9,37 434 =337, *,-,' B,,+, 6,* 39, .+ *.*, I3, -+,,=, -,4, 6,* 3,**,= 4433; .+ ,46,-,7, I3, .,+ 9,7, 7-,/,, *,93. .,*7,+ 4*-, , 3,7, 6,* 4@,/,-6, 3 ,*,3 34 33 49. -.@,' M46,-, M46,-, J,,+ M-3 .,+ 3,,7, =,, 12 J,,-3 J,,-3 2011 , =-4=,7,, =-4=,7,, .,+ 39, 7 47, 4=,6, K-3, P337, *,,7, 443 3,.* 9-4,, =3+,7 NGO 6,* .,+ 9,*737, 34 ;. -49 , 8,-3 /,., =6.4,3,' B9-,=, 7 @,73.7, NGO .,+ 38,.7, .+ =,-3 MIC , -7, .,+ 3/= 7 9-3,.* *, =3+,7 K-3, =,, 1! J,,-3 2011' P,, 443 3,.* -49? =3+,7 J,,+ -3 .,+ 9-4/ 4=,6,: 1' N;. N;. I-. I-.7 7 -4 3*, 3*, =,7,3 =,7,3 49,*,3 49,*,3 4, 4, =7, =7,, , 6,* 7=-+ 7=-+43 43 38,=,3 38,=,3 ,., ,*,3 34 9-9,*73 2' M*,-,+7, M*,-,+7, =9+, =9+, 4, =,. =,. 99,4 99,4 7 7 *7,/3 *7,/3 7,*, 7,*, ;. %' M,=, M,=,7, 7, =,,*, =,,*, =.3 =.344 "' M8,,*7, M8,,*7, 7,,+ -9,37 -9,37 7 7 6.4,3 6.4,37, 7, 34 34 -49 -49'' B-,4,-7, 7=4, J,,+ -3? 49,+ =,. .,+ 39+7, 7 *,7,/3 , .33 .33 34 4433; 4433; 6,* ,, ,., ;. 3 , /*, =-,77, =-,77, 43*, 6,* 44,3 ,=, *9,+ /,., 8-3, 6,* 9,@, 4/ -3 .+ =*,-,*' A7+3- 47,.3? 34 ;. 3-.7 3-.7 33 .,+ 34.4,37, 34.4,37, , 3=-4/ 3=-4/33 .+ 4, =,. 7 7 6-, 6-,+7, +7, 7=,, 7=,, D@, D@, B,+,4, B,+,4, , P4,7 P4,7,, 49,*, 49,*,33 =-93 =-93 7 7 9, 9, 43*, 6,* @,/,- 7=,, ;. 33 ,., 8,7, 6,* ,7, ,,*' K-3, =.,/,-,
1%
/*, .,+ 9-4/ 7 63,7, *.44,-3 7 =-/.,47, -,4, , 74= 6,* 7,* ,., ;. I-.7 9,*3 ,+7, -3 7 ,+,3 74 , 774 6,* 3*3 34,=,37, .+ =.34 6,* ,=,-7, 7+,-3, 7=.9,*,3, 7, 3 M,.,643,'
1-
11'0 KESIMPULAN S.,+ 63,=7, *,4, 33? 7,3 ,=,3 9,+,@, ,, I3, -=,7, 49,+ ,, ,, 6,* 6,* 37 37 , -4 -433-3' 3' S34 S34 7,4, 7,4, 6,* 7=. 7=.74 74 ,=3 ,=3 99-33 79,37, 79,37, ,9,+7, .,*3 83-3 ,, I3, 6,* 37' K,3 ,=,3 9,+,@, =,, ,, ,+.? =*7.,4, =*7.,4, ,46,-,7, ,46,-,7, *37 ,-, 443,. .,+ .,+ 9, 9,,47 ,47, , =-*, =-*,., ., ,,-, ,,-, 4, 4, 4,, 4,, .,3 .,3 ,., ,., 449 449,+ ,+ ,46,,46,-,7, ,7,' ' H,. 33 69,97, 43, 33 ,., 449,+ *,-, 47,- 38,=,3' S9,.376,? 3 M,.,643, -,76, 6,* 9-93.,* 7,?9,*4, , ,*,, 3.,6, *, 4,, -,,' T3,, 74= =,-3, 3,,.7, 3 M,.,643,' H,. 33 69,97, 7,3 9-467- 7-,, 733 43,= -,* ,= 7 */,- 83, 83, 6,* -7, 3=37,'
16
12'0 RUJUKAN
•
•
•
Chandra, "amesh. Identity and 'enesis o; +aste "ystem in India, India, New Delhi: Delhi: Gyan Books, ())*. M8G3.;-,6? D34D34- *aste ideolog" and interaction' interaction' C,9-3* U3;-436 P-44?1!2 irks, Nicholas #- *astes o ind2 *olonialism and the aking o New India? India?2001
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