UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MANILA CAMPUS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR GASOLINE AND LPG COMBUSTION ENGINEERING NME 426-ME 1
Submitted by: BITANG, MARC LESTER IAN PAUL M. 20130133786
Submitted to: ENGR. DIOSDADO DOCTOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. DEFINITION OF TERMS ……………………………………………………………………...3
II. INTRODUCTION………………… INTRODUCTION…………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ………………………………….4 …….4
III. OBJECTIVE ………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ………………………………4 …4
IV. THEORETICAL B ACKGROUND ……………………………………………………….…5 ……………………………………………………….…5-6
V. TRANSITION OF GASOLINE TO LPG……………………… LPG………………………………………………… …………………………....6 ....6-7
VI. LPG AS FUEL……………………………… FUEL…………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….8 …………………….8
VII. TYPE OF ENGINE CYCLE USED ………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………….8-9
VIII. SOLUTION …………………………………………………………………………………9 -19
IX. ANALYSIS ………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………20 ………………………20 -21
X. OTHER TOPICS TO CONSIDER CONSIDER
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS………………… ANALYSIS…………………………………………… ……………………………,,…………21 …,,…………21-22
COST ……………………… …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….…… …………………….……22-23
EMISSION ………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………….…2 …………………….…23-24
IX. CONCLUSION………………… CONCLUSION…………………………………………. ………………………..………………………… .…………………………………….2 ………….25
X. REFERENCE ………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………2 26
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I.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Bore - The inside diameter of the Cylinder is known as the Bore and it is measured in millimeter (mm). Stroke - It is the distance traveled by the Piston from one of its dead center position to the other dead center position. - They corresponds to the positions occupied by the piston at the end of its Dead Center Stroke, where the center line of the Connecting Rod and Crank are in the same straight line. Camshaft - Rotating shaft used to push open valves at the proper time in the engine cycle, either directly or through mechanical or hydraulic linkage Carburetor - Venturi flow device which meters the proper amount of fuel into the air flow by means of a pressure differential. For many decades it was the basic fuel metering system on all automobile (and other) engines. It is still used on lowcost small engines like lawn mowers, but isuncommon on new automobiles. incl uded between the Piston and the Cylinder Head Clearance Volume - It is the Volume included when the Piston is at its Top Dead Centre in Vertical Engines and inner Dead Centre in Horizontal Engines. Compression Ratio - It is the ratio of the total Cylinder Volume to the Clearance Volume. For Petrol Engines the value of Compression Ratio is varied from 5:1 to 9:1 and for Diesel Engines varies from 14:1 To 22:1. - A pressurized nozzle that sprays fuel into the incoming air on SI engines Fuel injector or into the cylinder on CI engines. On SI engines, fuel injectors are located at the intake valve ports on multipoint port injector systems and upstream at the intake manifold inlet on throttle body injector systems. In a few SI engines, injectors spray directly into the combustion chamber. Piston Speed - It is the distance traveled by the Piston in one minute. The piston Speed=2LN meter/min. If the R.P.M. of Engine Shaft=N and length of Stroke=L meter. petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as Gasoline - is a transparent, petroleum-derived a fuel in internal in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic of organic compounds obtained by the fractional the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Also called Petrol. LPG - LPG is cleaner than petrol and diesel because it is composed of predominantly simple hydrocarbon compounds. Compared with emissions from vehicles on petrol and diesel, emissions from LPG-driven vehicles contain lower levels of hydrocarbon compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, air toxics, and particulates. Piston - The cylindrical-shaped mass that reciprocates back and forth in the cylinder,
transmitting the pressure forces in the combustion chamber to the rotating crankshaft.
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II.
INTRODUCTION
Fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work. Fuel is used widely on factories or plants to produce power on the place. The pollution of our planet is one of the major problems nowadays. European commission gave warnings to some EU countries, because they are not able to achieve goals for the greenhouse gas emissions reduction, to which they were obligated by signing the Kyoto protocol. The data for Slovenia shows, that the 2010 greenhouse gas emissions in comparison with year 1990 were increased for 4,7% instead of being reduced for 8%. 21% of all greenhouse gas emissions in EU are produced by traffic (without international air and sea traffic) and its shear is growing from year to year. Around 12% of emissions are produced by personal vehicles. EU gives away yearly subventions for the traffic in amount between 270 and 290 billion euros and almost half of that amount is intended for road traffic, which is one of the less appropriate ways of transport. One of the most appropriate solutions for the existing technology is conversion of vehicles to run on LPG. This paper presents comparative emission study of converted Otto engine with the high class LPG system. Also, fuel is used for other processes processes like cooking, cooking, or for industrial industrial processes, processes, illumination that comes with combustion and others. But this research focuses on fuel combustion, specifically LPG and Gasoline. First, Fuel combustion, also known as burning fuel, is the process by which a fuel is consumed in an exothermic chemical reaction that releases a great deal of heat and light. Usually, light. Usually, the fuel that is combusted is a hydrocarbon that reacts with the oxygen in the air, to release energy. A significant amount of heat energy is required to trigger such a reaction. This research will show you the comparison and difference of the solved temperatures pressures and efficiencies of LPG compared to Gasoline, and what can be used to save money for practicality. LPG has been used as a fuel for vehicles as early as 1912 but only at a limited scale. The fuel became more popular in the 1970s and the 1980s when territories such as the US and Canada tried to reduce their dependence on crude oil. In the 1990s, the increased demand of the fuel is driven by rising environmental concerns.
III.
OBJECTIVE
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