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Software Softw Sof tware are tell tellss comput computers ers what what t do and how to do someth something. ing. It helps contr controllin olling a computer with instructions for processing ata. Software is a set of computer pr grams, procedures, and associated doc mentation for operation of a data processing s stem. Compare to ha hard rdwa ware re so soft ftwa ware re is in inta tang ngi ile, meaning it !cannot e touched!. The first t eory aout software was proposed y Alan uring in his "#$%.
Software industry has gr wn from a few visionaries operating ut of their garage with prototypes. Ex. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates.
Classification of Software
System Software
%rogramming ang#ages)
Operating systems System Utilities
Applic tion Software
B#siness *#dio +ideo Ed#cation Games Grap,ics Science Engineer ing
Device drivers Servers Firmware (!OS" omm#nications omm#nicati ons ($%&'%"
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System Software &icrosoft indows (-indows ./0 -indows 1$0 -indows 2%0 -indows 34440 34440 -indows 5" 5"
Operating systems Controls the computer Process management Interrupts &emory management 'ile system (evice drivers )etwor*ing +TCP/IP, (PSecurity +Process/&emory protectionI/
Linu0 +&any versionsLinu0 (Ub#nt#0S#se0 6ed,at0 Fedora0 !andra7e0 8ant,ana0 9." !ac OS 20 *ndroid0
Device drivers Provide Interfaces to 1ardware
Printer and Scanner (rivers, 'irmware in 2IS, 1((s
Servers Software that run Special Purpose Services
e servers, 3mail Servers 30. Apache, Sendmail, IIS, &S 30change
Utilities 'ile &anagers, 4irus 5uard, 2rowsers, )etwor* &onitors
Tas* &anager, System Information, Anti 4irus, (is* 'ormatting 'or matting
Programming Languages
%yt,on0 %8%0 Java0 +is#al Basic0 ::0 FO6$6*10 obol0 *ssembler *ssembler00 2atch Programs +(S-
Programming Languages 1elp program computers Compilers Compiles Instructions to 6ect Code Debuggers sed to test and deug other programs nterpreters A program that e0ecutes source code y translating the source code line y line. Some times made y a compiler. Lin!ers Converts compiled code into machine
C77, 8ava, 42, Clipper 3clipse 42 atch (eugger 94isual 2asic :.; &icrosoft 4isual Studio (eugger
Python, 42
C77, Clipper, Pascal
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language #ditors Special 3ditors for programming D# Integrated (evelopment 3nvironments, having aove tools Contains a source code editor a compiler and/or an interpreter uild automation tools a deugger
edit plus, scintilla 3clipse,, ActiveState
Application Software sed in 2usiness, Science, 3ngineering, 1ome and Personal se Office Applications Computer$aided design
Database %anagement #ducation & # Learning mage editing 'ideo editing (eb )rowsing (eb Software )usiness Software
Spreadsheets, ord Processing, Presentation, 3mail, penffice.org Auto Cad
racle, &S S=L, my S=L, Access, 2ase Shilpa Sayura, &oodle, Clarian Adoe Photo Shop, 5I&P, Corel (raw, Adoe Premiere, After 3ffects, 2lender 'irefo0, pera, Chrome, Internet 30plorer C&S, Social )etwor*s, 'orums Accounting, Payroll, C>&, &IS, 3SS, Page "
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%obile Software #ngineering
+elecommunications Science
(SS, 3>P, 2illing?. &oile /S, &oile 5ames (esigning, &odeling, Pro6ect &anagement, Industrial automation, 5IS )etwor* Security, 2andwidth &anagement &athematics &edical (iagnosis &olecular modeling =uantum chemistry Solid state physics Simulation software
Software Suits
pen ffice, &S ffice, Lotus Smart, Adoe 3lements
OpenOffice,org pen Source ffice suite with a collection of applications. (riter A word processor similar to &icrosoft ord Calc A spreadsheet similar to &icrosoft 30cel and Lotus "@@$. mpress A presentation program similar to &icrosoft PowerPoint and Apple
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Corel(>A and &icrosoft 4isio. %at. A tool for creating and editing mathematical formulas similar to &icrosoft 3Buation 3ditor.
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(ord processors
30. ord, rite Corel ordPerfect, rite essays, novels, reports, or other types of te0t.
Spreads.eets
30. 30cel. Calc, Lotus "@@$. 4isiCalc. Trac* udgets or investments, or ma*e other calculations. Presentation software
30. PowerPoint, Impress Create slideshows for meetings. Database management systems
30. Access. racle. Syase. portgress. rganie and filter lists of data, such as addresses or inventories. P.oto editors
30. Photoshop, 'irewor*s, PhotoPaint, 5imp. Change digital photos and other images. 0ames
30. The Sims, Pac&an, &inesweeper, (elta (elta 'orce 1ave fun playing or e0periencing challenges. Des!top publis.ing
30. Page&a*er, (raw, In(esign, =uar*DPress &a*e a magaine, a poster, or an advertisement. Computer$aided design CAD
30. AutoCA(, AutoCA(, Solidor*s, &icroStation Create lueprints or designs. (eb browsers
30. Internet Internet 30plorer, Chrome, 'irefo0, pera. Safari. 4iew pages on the orld ide e.
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#$mail clients
30. utloo*, 3udora, Pegasus Send letters and files to other people. (eb Software
ordPress E 2logging (olphin E Social )etwor*ing 8oomla, (rupal E Content &anagement &oodle , Shilpa SayuraE e Learning Software 'orums E php22 Security Software
Angry IP Scanner @ 'riendly networ* scanner for indows, phcrac* @ indows password crac*er ased on a time@memory In*scape @ pen Souce 4ector 5raphics 3ditor. Tight4)C @ pen Souce remote r emote des*top penPro6 @ pen@source des*top pro6ect management
0roupware
Software that runs on a networ* enaling group collaoration with pro6ect management , calendars etc. Sugar C>&, &S Share Point, ffice Filla
%iddleware
Controls and co@ordinates distriuted systems. +estware
Software for testing hardware or a software pac*age.
4irmware
Low@level software stored on electrically programmale memory devices. 'irmware treated li*e hardware and e0ecuted y other software programs. Page 3
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Software licenses All software is copyrig.t protected6 e7cept material in t.e public domain, A software license grants an end$user permission to use one or more copies of software wit. software owner8s e7clusive rig.ts under copyrig.t law,
O#% license
Software undled with hardware y agreement. )ominal fee paid y hardware vendor. 30. Light or older version of adoe photo shop undled with a scanner. S.areware
The user can use it and a nd ma*e a payment, if continues to use it. ith emerging open source shareware has declined.
4reeware
Software distriuted free. Sometimes includes spyware or adware or an upgrade to professional version. See version. See www.cnet.com
Proprietary license
ser need to purchase a license to use software and may not e copied. &S indows, Adoe Photo Shop 4ree and Open Source 4OSS
pen source provided free of charge. 30. Linu0 , pen ffice, 5I&P, 2lender A free open source license ma*es software free for inspection of its code, modification, and distriution. Some free licenses, such as the 5) 5eneral Pulic License +5PL-, allow the product and/or derivative to e commercially sold. httpG//sourceforge.net/ Page 5
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Content
Content is mainly Te0t, 5raphics, 4ideos, Animations etc. Comes with different lice nses. Open Content
Allows any one to use, m dify, and adopt content. &IT open course ware. httpG//ocw.mit.edu
Creative Commons httpG//creativecommons.org
A license that allow free se and shari sharing ng of conten contentt with with credit credit given to the author. If I f permission is otained mo modifying co content an and co commercial use is allowed. Attribution
Licensees may copy, distriute, display and perform t e wor wor* * and and ma* a*e e der deriiva vati tive ve wor or* *s a ased on it only if t ey gi give ve th the e aut autho horr or or lilice cen nso sorr th the cre cre its in the anner specified y these.
9oncommercial Licensees may copy, distriute, display, and perform t e wor wor* * and and ma* a*e e der deriiva vati tive ve wor or* *s a ased on it only f r non commercial purposes. 9o Derivative (or!s
Licensees may copy, distriute, display and perform only veratim copies of the wor*, not derivative wor*s ased on it.
Share Ali*e
Lice cens nsee eess may may di dist stri riu ute te de deri riva vati tive ve wo *s only under a li ense id identical to to th the lilicense th that go gov rns the original or*.
www.wi*ipedia.org p www.wi*ipedia.org prrovides content under creative commons license.
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Spyware
A type of malware that collects small pieces of information aout users without their *nowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user, and can e difficult to detect. Spyware is secretly installed on the userHs personal computer. Sometimes0 ,owever0 spywares s#c, as 7eyloggers are installed by t,e owner o; a s,ared0 corporate0 or p#blic comp#ter on p#rpose in order to secretly monitor ot,er #sers. 4eatures of 0ood Application Software •
5ood user interface +easy to find things-
•
Troule +2ug- free +crashing every day-
•
2ac*ward Compatiility Compatiility +can you open old files-
•
It should e cost@efficient +value for money-
•
It should e easy to use +friendly-
•
It should do what it claims to do accurately and according to specs.
•
There should e adeBuate support for troule@shooting prolems.
•
It should not reBuire an unreasonale amount of memory or resources.
•
It should not have any adverse effects on the society or the environment.
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so;twareCustom software +a*a bespo7e so;twareSpecially developed for some specific organiation or a user, developed y an in@house software development group, or e commissioned from a software house or independent software developer. 4eatures of Custom software Correctness does the software do what it is suppose to do +according to the design specs-
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So;tware 'nter;aces
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Assignment
se www.google.com www.google.com , , www.sourceforge.net www.sourceforge.net and www.cnet.com www.cnet.com to to review following software ". School management software . Personal calendar $. Study the operating systems in two moile phones and compare user friendliness in them. hat features would you consider most ill that e the same for another user K. Consider a two software products proprietary and open source and compare and contrast what you find. %. hat are the advantages and disadvantages of using pen Source and Proprietary software for usiness needs #volution of programming programming languages languages
%rogramming lang#ages control t,e be,avior o; comp#ters. * programming lang#age is split into t,e two components o; syntax (;orm" and semantics (meaning". 'n t,e /<=4s0 t,e earliest electronic digital systems ,ad no operating systems and instr#ctions were entered into t,e system one bit at a time on rows o; mec,anical switc,es. 'n late /<=4s $,ey ,ave started wit, p#re mac,ine code and moved to assemblers and onto ,ig,er>level lang#ages. $,e reason to move away ;rom mac,ine code was t,at it is very speci;ic to a mac,ine and not portable. !ac,ine code is extremely tedio#s to write. 'n t,e early /4s0 a comp#ter co#ld exec#te only one program at a time. %rograms co#ld generally be deb#gged via a ;ront panel #sing toggle switc,es Page 1-
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and panel lig,ts. ater mac,ines came wit, libraries o; so;tware0 w,ic, wo#ld be lin7ed to a #ser@s program to assist in operations s#c, as inp#t and o#tp#t and generating comp#ter code ;rom ,#man>readable symbolic code. D#ring t,e /
ecursion and o6ect oriented ideas helped improving programs. (uring "#;s programming languages lossomed. &ost of the ma6or languages now in use were invented in this period. Invention of C and C77 languages opened new doors to software development as C ecame the de@facto standard of high level software development. (uring "#M;s programming languages were consolidated rather than inventing new. C77 comined comined o6ect@oriented and systems systems programming. This also helped emergence of Software 3ngineering as a science. The rapid growth of the internet during mid@"##;s created a new platform for 6ava, 8avaScript, asp, python and php li*e languages and >apid Application Application (evelopment ecame popular. Programming language evolution continues into concurrent and distriuted programming with increased emphasis on distriution and moility. P3) S>C3 has ecome a philosophy philosophy for software development development with languages such as python, php and aBuea*. 9iran=an %eegammana
ICT 3ducator N Technologist httpG//advanced@level@ict.logspot.com Page 1/