BIO 3:Plant Classification

PLANT CLASSIFICATION KINGDOM PLANTAE Bryophytes (mosses- non-vascular plants) Div. Bryophyta -Hyophila

Tracheophytes (vascular plants)

HIGHER VASCULAR PLANTS (with megaphylls)

Pterophytes (spore bearing) FERNS Div. Pterophyta -Nephrolepis

Gymnosperms (naked seed) Div. Pinophyta -Pinus

LOWER VASCULAR PLANTS (with microphylls) Div. Lycophyta -Selaginella

Spermatophytes (seed bearing)

Angiosperms (with fruits) Div. Magnoliophyta

DIVISION: BRYOPHYTA (MOSSES) Representative species: Hyophila sp. General characteristics: -no xylem and phloem -upward growth is limited (food and water transport by diffusion) -dominant stage: gametophyte (sporophyte is non-photosynthetic)

DIVISION: LYCOPHYTA (CLUB MOSSES- FERN ALLIES) Representative species: Selaginella plana General characteristics: -simple vascular tissues -sporophyte (bigger/ more dominant) and gametophyte (smaller) are INDEPENDENT. -with simple “leaf-like” appendages (microphylls) -HETEROSPOROUS (two types of spores) – organized into a strobilus -type of stele: POLYSTELE (3 sets of concentric amphicribral)

DIVISION: PTEROPHYTA (FERNS) Representative species: Nephrolepis sp. General characteristics: -reproduce by spores (HOMOSPOROUS) -independent and bisexual gametophyte -2nd largest group; one of the most diverse

Prothallus

A-young sporophyte; B-gametophyte

DIVISION: PINOPHYTA (CONIFERS) Representative species: Pinus insularis General characteristics: -monoecious -staminate cone/ androstrobilus –microspores--- winged pollen grains -ovulate cone/ gynostrobilus- ovuliferous scales and ovules (seeds) -wood consists primarily of tracheids; no vessel elements; with resin ducts

DIVISION: MAGNOLIOPHYTA Class Liliopsida Anthurium sp.

Araceae

Cocos nucifera

Arecaceae

Dendrobium sp.

Orchidaceae

Oryza sativa

Poaceae

Plumeria alba

Apocynaceae

Tridax procumbens

Asteraceae

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Caesalpiniaceae

Class Magnoliopsida

Coccinea grandis

Cucurbitaceae

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Malvaceae

Rosa sp.

Rosaceae