Chemistry Project On To study the th e presence of oxalate oxal ate ions ion s in Guava fruit at different stages of ripening BY – NAME: NAM E: Shi Shiva vam m Sing S ingh h ROLL NO:- __________
IN PA PARTIAL RTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF AISSC PRACTICAL EXAM (CHEMISTRY) KENDRIYA KENDR IYA VIDYALA VIDYALAY YA BHANDUP (2014 (2014-15) -15)
CERTIFICATE
This is to ceti!" that Shivam Singh o! c#ass $% th A has satis!actoi#" com&#ete' the &o(ect in chemist" on )esence o! O*a#ate ions &esci+e' +" the AISSCE co,se in the aca'emic "ea %$.-$/0 I have e*amine' the &o(ect an' hee+" acco' m" a&&ova# o! it as a st,'" caie' o,t an' &esente' in the manne e1,ie' !o its acce&tance0 This 'oes not necessai#" en'ose o acce&t eve" statement ma'e o o&inion e*&esse' o conc#,sion 'a2n3 +,t on#" signi!ies the acce&tance o! the &o(ect !o the &,&ose it is s,+mitte' !o0
Ms0 Ra'ha N
Ms0 )ami#a )a#
)4T Chemist"
)inci&a# 5060 Bhan',&
E*tena# E*amine
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I !ee# &o,' to &esent m" investigato" &o(ect in Chemist" on the to&ic 7To st,'" the &esence o! o*a#ate ion in g,ava !,it80 This &o(ect 2o,#' not have +een !easi+#e 2itho,t the &o&e an' igoo,s g,i'ance o! m" chemist" teache Ms0 Ra'ha N 2ho g,i'e' me tho,gho,t this &o(ect in eve" &ossi+#e 2 a"0 A &o(ect invo#ves vaio,s ste&s 2hich have to +e
caie'
o,t +" the st,'ent to o+tain the o+sevations an' conc#,'e the
e&ot on a meaning!,# note0 Rigoo,s ha'2o9 has +een &,t in this &o(ect to ens,e that it &oves to +e the +est0 I ho&e that this &o(ect 2i## &ove to +e a +ee'ing go,n' !o othes an' 2i## g,i'e them in eve" &ossi+#e 2a"0
INDEX Into',ction Theo" Re1,iements Chemica# E1,ations )oce',e )eca,tions O+sevations Ca#c,#ations
Conc#,sions Res,#t
INTRODUCTION 4,ava is a common s2eet !,it !o,n' in In'ia an' man" othe &#aces ao,n' the 2o#'0 Guavas ae &#ants in the M"t#e !ami#" M"taceae; gen,s )si'i,m meaning <&omeganate< in Latin;3 2hich contains a+o,t $ s&ecies o! to&ica# sh,+0 On i&ening it t,ns "e##o2 in co#o0 Rich in vitamin C3 this !,it is a ich so,ce o! o*a#ate ions 2hose content vaies ',ing the 'i!!eent stages o!
i&ening0 4,avas have a &ono,nce' an' t"&ica# !agance3 simi#a to #emon in' +,t #ess in stength0 It is a ca+o*"#ic aci'3 &imai#" !o,n' in &#ants an' anima#s0 It is not an essentia# mo#ec,#e an' is e*cete' !om o, +o'"3 ,nchange'0 O, +o'" eithe &o',ces o*a#ate on its o2n o convets othe mo#ec,#es #i9e 6itamin C to o*a#ate0 E*tena# so,ces #i9e !oo' a#so conti+,te to the acc,m,#ation o! o*a#ate in o, +o'"0 The o*a#ate &esent in the +o'" is e*cete' in the !om o! ,ine as 2aste0 Too m,ch o! o*a#ate in o, ,ine es,#ts in a me'ica# con'ition ca##e' h"&eo*a#,ia3 common#" e!ee' to as 9i'ne" stones0 =iet is #oo9e' ,&on as a &eventive meas,e in a''ition to me'ication to teat 9i'ne" stones0
THEORY O*a#ate ions ae e*tacte' !om the !,it +" +oi#ing &,#& 2ith 'i#,te >%SO.0 The o*a#ate ions ae estimate' vo#,metica##"3 +" titating the so#,tion 2ith 5MnO. so#,tion0 A eagent3 ca##e' the titant3 o! a 9no2n concentation a stan'a' so#,tion; an' vo#,me is ,se' to eact 2ith a so#,tion o! the ana#"te o titrand3 2hose concentation is not 9no2n0 ?sing a ca#i+ate' +,ette o chemist" &i&etting s"inge to a'' the titant3 it is &ossi+#e to 'etemine the e*act amo,nt that has +een cons,me' 2hen the en'&oint is eache'0 The en'&oint is the &oint at 2hich the titation is com&#ete3 as 'etemine' +" an in'icato0 This is i'ea##" the same vo#,me as the e1,iva#ence &oint0 The vo#,me o! a''e' titant at 2hich the n,m+e o! mo#es o! titant is e1,a# to the n,m+e o! mo#es o! ana#"te3 o some m,#ti&#e theeo! as in &o#"&otic aci's;0 In the c#assic stong aci'-stong +ase titation3 the en'&oint o! a titation is the &oint at 2hich the &> o! the eactant is (,st
a+o,t e1,a# to @3 an' o!ten 2hen the so#,tion ta9es on a &esisting so#i' co#o, as in the &in9 o! &heno#&htha#ein in'icato
Requirements (i)
Apparatus:-
$m# meas,ing !#as9
)est#e an' mota
F,nne#
eighing machine
Fi#te &a&es B,ette )i&ette (ii)
Chemicals
'i# >%SO. N$; 5MnO. so#,tion
(iii) Guava fruits at dierent staes of ripenin!
MOLEC?LAR ED?ATIONS0
•
o
%5MnO.>%SO.G 5 %SO. %MnSO. %>%O .HO0
o
>OOC-COO>0%> %O HO G %CO% %>%O J/
IONIC ED?ATIONS0 o
MnO.- $K> /e- G Mn% .>%O J%
o
C%O.G %CO% %e- J/
o
%MnO.- $K> /C%O.%- G %Mn% >%O $CO%
$0 eighe' / g o! !esh g,ava an' c,she' it to a !ine &,#& ,sing &est#e an' mota0 %0 Tans!ee' the c,she' &,#& to a +ea9e an' a''e' a+o,t / m# 'i#,te >%SO. to it0 0 Boi#e' the content !o a+o,t $ min,tes0 Coo#e' an' !i#tee' the contents in a $ m# meas,ing !#as90 .0 Ma'e ,& the vo#,me $ m# +" a''ing am&#e amo,nt o! 'isti##e' 2ate0 /0 Too9 % m# o! the so#,tion !om the !#as9 an' a''e' % m# o! 'i#,te s,#&h,ic aci' to it0 K0 >eate' the mi*t,e to a+o,t K C an' titate' it against n$; 5MnO. so#,tion ta9en in a +,ette ti## the en' &oint ha' an a&&eaance o! &in9 co#o,0 @0 Re&eate' the a+ove e*&eiment 2ith / g o! $'a"3 % 'a" an' 'a" o#' g,ava !,its0
1. Thee sho,#' +e no &aa##a* 2hi#e ta9ing meas,ements0 %0 S&i##age o! chemica#s sho,#' +e chec9e'0 0 Avoi' the ,se o! +,ette having a ,++e ta& as 5MnO .attac9s
,++e0 .0 In o'e to get some i'ea a+o,t the tem&eat,e o! the so#,tion to,ch the !#as9 2ith the +ac9 si'e o! "o, han'0 hen it +ecomes ,n+eaa+#e to to,ch3 the e1,ie' tem&eat,e is eache'0 /0 A'' a+o,t an e1,a# vo#,me o! 'i#0 > %SO. to the g,ava e*tact to +e titate' sa" a !,## test t,+e; +e!oe a''ing 5MnO.0 K0 Rea' the ,&&e menisc,s 2hi#e ta9ing +,ette ea'ing 2ith 5MnO. so#,tion0 @0 In case3 on a''ition o! 5MnO . a +o2n &&t0 a&&eas3 this sho2s that eithe >%SO. has not +een a''e' o has +een a''e' in ins,!!icient amo,nt0 In s,ch a case3 tho2 a2a" the so#,tion an' titate again0
$0 eight o! the g,ava !,it !o each time 2as / g0 B,ette Fina# 6o#,me o! %0 4,ava So#,tion
Rea'ing
5MnO.
Ra2 Semi-i&ene'
ea'ing Initia# $/ $/
$ $
$% $@
Ri&ene'
$/
$0
$0%
g,ava e*tact ta9en !o each titation 2as % m#0 . Noma#it" o! 5MnO. so#,tion 2as $$;0 .0 EN= )OINT: Co#o, Changes to &in90
Conc,ent Rea'ing $K0K
6o# ,m e o!
$0 FOR RA 4?A6A0 N$6$ N%6% N$ * $ $$; *$% $$ * Noma#it" o! o*a#ate *$; Stength o! O*a#ate in Fesh 4,ava e*tact Noma#it" * E10 mass o! o*a#ate ion $0%$ * ..g#t o! 'i#,te' e*tact 0/$ g L-$
%0 FOR RI)ENE= 4?A6A0 Stength o! o*a#ate in !esh g,ava e*tact $0$; * ..g#t o! 'i#,te' e*tact 0K$% g L-$
a; The noma#it" o! o*a#ate ions o! : i; Fesh g,ava so#,tion is $0% m# ii; Semi-i&en g,ava so#,tion is $0@ m# iii; Ri&ene' g,ava so#,tion is $0 m# +; The stength o! o*a#ate ions o! : i;Fesh g,ava so#,tion is 0/ m# ii; Semi-i&ene' g,ava is 0K m# iii; Ri&ene' g,ava is 0K$ m#
The content o! o*a#ate ions in g,ava 2as !o,n' to +e /0K@ &e cent3 2hich is c#ose to the #iteat,e va#,e o! K &ecent0 It 2as a#so notice' that the content o! o*a#ic ions go2s 2ith i&ening o! g,ava0
BIBLIO4RA)>Y
$0 Seach engines ,se': 2220goog#e0com 22202i9i&e'ia0com 2220ea'e0goog#e0com 2220#a+s0goog#e0com 22201,oa0com 2220sci+'0com %0 )actica# Chemist" +" La*mi ),+#ications0 0 The Fami#" Enc"c#o&e'ia +" =o#ing 5in'es#e"0
