This is a labreport on chemical kinetics... From this labreport students of chemical engineering and chemistry students can get a huge advantage in working in their lab..Full description
gymnospermFull description
lab report report labFull description
fFull description
ferroceneFull description
physics
wbm basic mud labFull description
microbiology lab report 2
Lab Report Topic: (Creating) Aspirin
Centrifugation of Fresh Milk and Acetic Acid INTRODUCTION Centrifug Centrifugatio ation n is a process process which material suspended suspended in a liquid liquid medium medium under undergo go separa separatio tion n or concen concentra trate te due due to the eect eect of gravi gravity ty.. Particl articles es with with dierent density and masses are settled at dierent rates in a tube which are responsive to gravity. Centrifuge is an instrument which can spin carrier vessels at high rotation rotation speed speed and very high centrifug centrifugal al force force to allow centrifuga centrifugation tion.. The centrifugal force generated is proportional to the rotation rate of the rotor and the distance between the rotor center and the centrifuge tube. There are three general classes of centrifuges: low speed about 5000 rpm high speed machine can up to about !5000 rpm and ultracentrifuges turn at up to "000000 rpm. #icrocentrifuge is common in laboratories which generate between "0000 rpm and "$000 rpm and 0.5 or ".5 ml of disposable plastic tubes are used. #icrocentrifuge has only settings for speed %rpm& but not for the relative centrifuge force force %rcf&.
OBJECTIE! ". To separa separate te coagu coagulat lated ed mil' mil' from from mi(tur mi(ture e of fresh fresh mil' mil' and )cetic )cetic )cid by Centrifugation. !. To determine determine the relationshi relationship p of speed speed of centrifu centrifugatio gation n with the coagulat coagulation ion of mil' that separates from the mi(ture. $. To study the the process process of centrif centrifugat ugation. ion.
#ROCEDURE ". "0ml of 50+ of acetic acetic acid acid was drawn drawn by pipettes pipettes with plasti plastic c pipette pipette pump and released into 50ml *alcon Tube. 5ml of fresh mil' was then drawn and released into a falcon tube with "0ml of acetic acid. !. The falco falcon n tube tube was was invert inverted ed gently gently for a few times times and both soluti solutions ons are are mi(ed. $. The mil' mil' sampl sample e was centri centrifug fuged ed at "$00 "$00 rpm for "0ml minutes minutes then the coagulated mil' solid was pelleted.
,. "ml of mil' was transferred from the falcon tube to the centrifuge tube. The centrifuge tube was operated at 5000rpm for "5 minutes. 5. "ml of mil' was transferred from the centrifuge tube to the microcentrifuge tube. The microcentrifuge tube was operated at "$000 rpm for "5 minutes. -. ierences between these tubes was observed and results are drawn.
OB!ERATION$ *or the /rst trial it was observed that within "5 minutes duration having speed of "$00 rpm the acetic acid was slightly separated from the mil'. 1n second trial the acetic acid is highly separated using the speed of "500 rpm at the same duration of time. *or the last trial it is proven that the more you increase the speed of the centrifuge the more the mi(tures became separated with each other.
%UE!TION! ". 2hat is the driving force in this separation technique3 The driving force in this separation technique is centrifugal force. Centrifugation is a process which involves the application of the centripetal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mi(tures with a centrifuge and is used in industrial and laboratory settings. This process is used to separate two immiscible substances. #ore4dense components of the mi(ture migrate away from the a(is of the centrifuge while less4dense components of the mi(ture migrate towards the a(is. !. 2hat purpose does acetic acid serve in this e(periment3 The acetic acid was used to lower the p of the mil' and for the protein %casein& to reach its isoelectric p. 2hen this occurs the casein will separate from the solution. $. ow can we determine that the separation is complete3 6elate your answer to the results obtained at dierent speeds. 2e can determine complete separation by observing. 7f you increase speed of centrifugation the mi(tures tend to separate completely with each other. This can be seen from the e(periment performed.
CONC"U!ION Centrifugation is a mechanical process of separating multi4phase mi(ture via the use of centrifugal force. The separation of mil' from mi(ture of fresh mil' and acetic acid occurred by the centrifugation process. This is due to the increased speed of centrifugation. Therefore the relationship between speed of centrifugation to separation of mi(tures is directly proportional. To increase speed is to give better chance for mi(ture to separate.
