Learner Guide
Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry
9701
Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 Version 2.1 Updated: 16.08.16
Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 Version 2.1 Updated: 16.08.16
Contents How to use this guide ......................................................................................................3 Section 1: How will you be b e tested? Section 2: Examination advice Section 3: What will be tested? Section 4: What you need to know
will you be tested tested? ? ............................................................. ....................................... ............................................ ........................ .. 5 Section 1: How will About the examination About the papers
Examinatio ination n advice advice .................... .......................................... ............................................ ........................................... ............................. ........ 7 Section 2: Exam How to use this advice General advice Paper 1 Multiple Choice Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation
will be tested? tested? ...................... ............................................ ........................................... ........................................... ........................ .. 13 Section 3: What will Assessment objectives Weighting of assessment objectives Data Booklet
know .................... .......................................... ........................................... ......................................... .................... 15 Section 4: What you need to know Introduction How to use the table Test yourself Physical chemistry: Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry Physical chemistry: Atomic structure Physical chemistry: Chemical bonding Physical chemistry: States of matter Physical chemistry: Chemical energetics Physical chemistry: Electrochemistry Physical chemistry: Equilibria Physical chemistry: Reaction kinetics Inorganic chemistry: The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity Inorganic chemistry: Group 2 Inorganic chemistry: Group 17 Inorganic chemistry: An introduction to the chemistry of transition elements Inorganic chemistry: Nitrogen and sulfur Organic chemistry: Introductory topics Organic chemistry and analysis: Hydrocarbons Organic chemistry and analysis: Halogen derivatives Organic chemistry and analysis: Hydroxy compounds Organic chemistry and analysis: Carbonyl compounds Organic chemistry and analysis: Carboxylic acids and derivatives Organic chemistry and analysis: Nitrogen compounds
Organic chemistry and analysis: Polymerisation Organic chemistry and analysis: Analytical techniques Organic chemistry and analysis: Organic synthesis
How to use this guide
How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary (AS) Level or Cambridge International Advanced (A) Level Chemistry examinations. Schools choose one of the three options for their learners: •
To take all A Level components (AS Level and remainder of A Level) in the same examination session leading to the full A Level.
•
To follow a staged assessment route to the A Level by taking the AS Level quali�cation in an earlier examination session. If you do well enough you then have to take the �nal part of the exam in a later examination session, leading to the full A Level.
•
To take the AS quali�cation only.
It is important when using this revision checklist that you know which one of the above three options has been chosen by your school, college or centre. If you do not know, then your chemistry teacher and examinations of�cer will know. This guide will help you to plan your revision programme for the �ve theory and practical examination papers. It will explain what examiners are looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you revise, by using ticks in Section 4 (‘What you need to know’) to check what you know and which topic areas you have covered. The guide contains the following sections:
Section 1: How will you be tested? This section will give you information about the different types of theory and practical examination papers that are available.
Section 2: Examination advice This section gives you advice to help you do as well as you can. Some of the ideas are general advice and some are based on the common mistakes that learners make in exams.
Section 3: What will be tested? This section describes the areas of knowledge, understanding and skills that you will be tested on.
Section 4: What you need to know This shows the syllabus content for AS and the full A Level in a simple way so that you can check: •
the topics you need to know about
•
how the theory differs from the practical syllabus
•
details about each topic in the syllabus
•
how much of the syllabus you have covered
How to use this guide
Section 1: How will you be tested?
Section 1: How will you be tested? About the examination AS Level candidates enter for Papers 1, 2 and 3 Candidates who already have the AS Level and are taking the full A Level enter for Papers 4 and 5 A Level candidates taking the full A Level at the end of the course enter for Papers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
About the papers The table below gives you outline information about all the examination papers.
Paper
Type of paper
Duration
Marks
Weighting (%) AS
A2
1
Multiple Choice
1 hour
40
31%
15%
2
AS Level Structured Questions
1 hour 15 minutes
60
46%
23%
3
Advanced Practical Skills
2 hours
40
23%
12%
4
A Level Structured Questions
2 hours
100
38%
5
Planning, Analysis and Evaluation
1 hour 15 minutes
30
12%
Paper 1 Multiple Choice (1 hour) (40 marks) 40 multiple choice questions based on the AS Level syllabus content. The AS content consists of the parts of the syllabus in Section 3.2 Subject content that are not in bold type. 30 items will be of the direct choice type and 10 of the multiple completion type. All questions will include 4 responses. You will write your answers on an answer grid provided. You will need to answer all the questions.
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions (1 hour 15 minutes) (60 marks) A variable number of structured q uestions based on the AS content. You will write your answers on the question paper. You will need to answer all the questions.
Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills (2 hours) (40 marks) This will feature two or three experiments drawn from different areas of chemistry. The examiners will not be restricted by the subject content. The scope of the practical test is indicated in the Practical Assessment section of the syllabus. You will write your answers on the question paper. You will need to answer all the questions.
Section 1: How will you be tested?
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions (2 hours) (100 marks) A variable number of structured questions based on the A Level syllabus, but which may contain material from the AS syllabus. The A Level content consists of the parts of the syllabus in Section 3.2 Subject content that are in bold type. You will write your answers on the question paper. You will need to answer all the questions.
Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation (1 hour 15 minutes) (30 marks) This paper will consist of a variable number of questions of variable mark value based on the practical skills of planning, analysis and evaluation. The examiners will not be restricted by the subjec t content. You will write your answers on the question paper. You will need to answer all the questions.
Section 2: Examination advice
Section 2: Examination advice How to use this advice This advice highlights some common mistakes made by candidates. It is collected under various subheadings to help you when you revise a particular topic.
General advice •
Read the question carefully. Yes, we know you’ve been told this before, but it is still a common issue. Misreading a question costs you marks if you could have answered the question t hat was there.
•
Don’t concentrate your revising on ‘dif�cult’ material if it means you leave out the ‘easier’ material. There will be many marks on each paper, so make sure you score them all. For example, learn all the de�nitions you have been taught, such as �rst ionisation energy and standard electrode potential.
•
There may be questions on the paper that could involve elements or compounds you may not have studied. Don’t give up on these questions! If you know your chemistry you will be able to score all the marks by applying what you know to these substances.
•
Write clearly. If your answer to a question is “alkene” the person marking your papers must be able to be certain that you have written “alkene”: if it looks at all like “alkane” you will not get the mark.
•
Write numbers clearly. If your answer to a question is “0.46 moles” make sure the numbers are clear: if it looks like you might have written “0.96 moles” or “0.40 moles” you will not get the mark.
•
If you have to make a correction, cross out what you have written and write down your new answer clearly in an available space. Don’t tr y to write over the top of your previous answer, or �t the new answer into the space between lines of writing. Make sure you identify your new answer clearly, e.g. “continuation of Q4 (b)”.
•
On papers that give scope for longer answers, look at how many marks are available for each part of the question. For example, if part (a) has one mark and part (b) has two marks, then a single statement might be suf�cient for part (a) but it won’t be for part (b).
•
In the example above, look out in part (b) for the possibility of writing a statement and an explanation.
•
You are going to take several chemistry exam papers lasting a total of many hours. These papers will cover the whole syllabus ver y thoroughly. If you don’t know something, don’t rely on it n ot coming up. Find it out and learn it. If this doesn’t work go over it with your teacher and/or your classmates.
•
Method marks contribute a lot to your total on many papers. Write out each step of your method! This is very important when you �nd you are unable to work all the way through a longer question to the �nal answer. Don’t give up on it, or leave blanks. You may be able to score the majority of the marks. Examples of this situation include:
°
°
At the end of a four-mark calculation on gas volume you get an answer you know is wrong, e.g. you work out that 45,000 dm3 of gas are released from a test tube reaction! If you write out your method in full you may still score three marks if you have only made one mistake. Even if you only score one mark it might be important. You are answering a �ve-mark organic question in which you have to use information from the question to deduce the full structural formula of a compound. You �nd you cannot produce a structure that �ts all the information. Answer the question anyway, stating in full what your deductions are from each separate piece of information in the question. Many answers like this can still score four or �ve marks, even without the �nal structure.
Section 2: Examination advice
•
Don’t cross out an answer, answer, or part of an answer, answer, simply because you are not satis�ed with it. If you you are changing an answer or part of an answer, only cross out your �rst answer if it contradicts your new answer. For example, a question asks “describe and explain the processes involved when sodium chloride dissolves in water” water”::
° °
you might start by writing “Sodium chloride is a covalent compound” compound”.. If you you then want to change this to “sodium chloride is an ionic compound”, you must cross out your �rst answer because these two answers contradict each other. alternatively, you might might start by writing “Sodium chloride dissolves in water to give a solution of pH 7”, and then you decide this is not relevant, and you need to start by considering the bonding in sodium chloride. Don’t cross out your original statement. It may score you one or more marks.
•
Round off calculations to the correct number of signi�cant �gures at the end of the calculation. Do not round off after each step of the calculation. If you do this, rounding errors can add together so that your �nal answer is not close enough to the correct answer.
•
Be prepared to guess intelligently intelligently.. For example, example, a question says that “when silver nitrate nitrate solution is is added to an unknown solution a yellow precipitate forms”. If you know that this means that either bromide or iodide ions are present, p resent, but you can’t remember which, you have nothing to lose if you guess. If you leave the answer blank, you get no mark. If you guess wrongly, you get no mark. If you guess correctly, you score a mark.
•
If a question asks you about an inorganic compound you you are not familiar with, look at your periodic table. You may be able to answer the t he question by applying your knowledge of other elements in the same group. If, for example, you get a question about the shape or acid/base behaviour of phosphine (PH3), think of what you know about ammonia (NH3).
•
If a question asks you about an organic compound you are not familiar with, look at the functional groups in the compound. You may be able to answer the question by applying your knowledge of how these functional groups behave. If, for example, you get a question about an organic compound with an aldehyde (-CHO) group, think of what you know about ethanal (CH3CHO).
Paper 1 Multiple Choice •
Answer every question.
•
If you are not sure about an answer, answer, make make a note of the question number number on the front of your question paper. Go back to this question �rst if you have time at the end of the exam.
•
Questions 1–30 have four answers. If you cannot spot the correct answer with certainty, mark each answer with a tick, a question mark, or a cross. Use this to decide which of the four answers is the best answer. Alternatively, Alternatively, if you do this and �nd that you still have to guess, you are more likely to get it right if you can eliminate one or two of the choices.
•
Some questions will state a fact, and then ask for an explanation of the fact. Beware Beware of answers that are true but do not answer the question, e.g. a question asks, “Why does water have a higher melting point than propanone?” and one of the four choices is: “water molecules are polar”. This is true, but it does not answer the question as propanone prop anone molecules are also polar.
•
Questions 31–40 have four statements. statements. To To answer these questions you have have to decide whether each statement is true or not. When you have decided whether or not the �rst statement is true, put a tick or cross by it. Do the same for the other statements. This way you don’t have to remember your earlier decisions while looking at later statements.
•
If a question involves a calculation write out your method. method. This will save you time if you have to check your answer.
•
Any bold type in a question is there to draw your attention to something import ant.
Section 2: Examination advice
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions •
Use the space space on the paper as a rough guide to the length of answer answer necessary. If there are are �ve lines to write in, a one-line answer is unlikely to be enough.
•
You must learn de�nitions exactly, e.g. de�nitions of energy changes. Don’t be satis�ed with your learning of a de�nition until you are word perfect – you will lose marks otherwise.
•
If state symbols are asked for for in an equation, put them in. Read the question, and then answer answer it!
•
Look out for questions that ask ask for an observation or statement and an explanation, and make sure you include the explanation. Look at the mark allocation to help you to decide how much detail is required in the explanation. There will probably be only one mark for the observation or statement.
•
If a question asks for an explanation of a particular type you provide provide the answer that is being asked asked for. An example of this is a question that asks you to explain how the electronic con�gurations of t he elements in a group affect the reactivity of the elements. If your answer concentrates on some other factor, for example the structure and bonding of the elements, it is unlikely to score marks.
•
If you are calculating a ∆H value in a thermochemistry question, don’t forget that the ∆H values you are given to work it out are per mole of substance. For example, if you are using ∆H of values to calculate the ∆H of the decomposition 2NaHCO3 → Na 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O make sure you use twice the value of the ∆H f of NaHCO3.
⦵
⦵
⦵
⦵
•
Organic chemistry questions often ask for the isomers of a given compound to be drawn. Beware of of writing answers that are simply redrawings of the same structure! You may �nd it easier here if you draw skeletal formulae as well as displayed formulae. It is often easier to spot two identical structures if they are drawn as skeletal formulae.
•
Give answers that are as speci�c and as precise as you are able. For example, in an organic chemistry question worth two marks you have to name the functional groups in the compound H2C=CHCH2CHO. If you answer “The compound has a double bond and a carbonyl group” you will score no marks. Many compounds have double bonds, but if it is a C=C double bond then the speci�c name for the functional group is “alkene”. Many compounds have carbonyl groups, but if the carbonyl group is directly bonded to a hydrogen atom then the speci�c name for the functional group is “aldehyde”. If you answer “The compound has an alkene functional group and an aldehyde functional group” you will score two marks.
•
Many questions will ask you to state the observations that will be made during an experiment. Make Make sure you use the accepted terms to describe colour changes that will be seen. Use examiners’ reports and textbooks (e.g. AS Level and A Level Chemistry by Ratcliff et al) to �nd out what these accepted terms are, e.g. colours of silver chloride, silver bromide and silver iodide should be described describ ed as white, cream and yellow respectively.
Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills •
As with all exams it is essential that you read practical exam exam papers very very carefully. You must follow the instructions on the paper so that you do the correct experiments and record the correct observations. If the question tells you to record results or observations in a certain place you must record them in that place.
•
Make sure sure you are well practised in handling all of the equations relating relating to titrations. Being able to 3 3 convert between cm and dm is an essential part of this.
•
Make sure you you are well practised in the graphical techniques that have been necessary to answer questions on past papers. Get a set of results for each question of this sort and repeat the graphical exercises until your teacher agrees you have them right.
Section 2: Examination advice
•
Don’t forget forget to record titration results in a suitable format, giving initial and �nal burette readings, and recording volumes to 0.05cm3, not 0.1cm3 or 0.01cm3.
•
You need to get two titration results results that are within 0.10cm 0.10cm3 of each other. You You don’t need more accurate results than this unless the question speci�cally says so.
•
Have a mental checklist to use when titrating:
° ° ° °
No air bubble in the tip of the burette No air bubbles anywhere in the pipette The bottom of the meniscus meniscus just touches the graduation on the pipette The colour change you’re looking for at the endend-point point should be caused by a single drop from the burette
•
If a question tells you that repeated readings should not be taken, don’t repeat the readings! There will be no marks given for the repeats, you may lose marks for failing to follow instruct ions, and you may run short of time.
•
Make sure you you are well practised in the correct vocabulary for recording observations, e.g. precipitate, slight, dense, soluble, insoluble, excess, gelatinous, and ef fervescence.
•
If you are asked asked to record observations do so in as much detail as possible. If a solution solution is colourless, or a precipitate is white, w hite, say so. Don’t just describe it as a “solution” or a “precipitate”. “precipitate”.
•
If you have to add one solution to another, another, looking for observations, add it slowly. slowly. You You need to notice the difference between an instant or sudden change and a gradual change.
•
If a change change is instant or sudden, say so. If a change is is gradual, say so. If the change goes through intermediate stages, describe each of these stages.
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions •
As with Paper 2 there will be de�nitions to learn for Paper 4. Make Make sure you know them exactly. exactly. Be strict with yourself when you are practising them.
•
Some de�nitions will be essential in order to do calculations correctly. For example, you may have to do a calculation that involves Cl -C -C l bonds. bonds. The data in the question says the bond energy for the Cl -C -C l –1 bond is +242 kJmol . Does this energy value refer to making bonds or breaking them? Does this energy term refer to one mole of Cl -C -C l bonds bonds or one mole of Cl atoms? atoms? If you don’t know the de�nition of bond energy then you are unlikely to get the right answer to the question.
•
If a question requires the use of of data from the Data Booklet, write down the data you have have selected. There may be a mark for choosing the correct data from the booklet.
•
This paper will ask you to to write balanced chemical equations. Practise this skill. skill.
•
If a question gives details of a reaction and asks you to explain it there will probably be a mark for a balanced chemical equation. Write an equation, including state symbols. This gives you extra chances to pick up marks.
° ° °
There may be a mark mark for naming a certain product; if you forget to name it but write it in an equation you will get the mark. There may be a mark for for saying a gas is given off; if you forget to state this but write it in an equation with (g) after it you will get the mark. There may be a mark mark for saying a precipitate forms; forms; if you forget to state this but write it in in an equation with (s) after it you may get the mark. For example, a question asks you about the thermal decomposition of the carbonates of Group 2 metals. If you write the equation MgCO3(s) → MgO(s)
Section 2: Examination advice
+ CO2(g) you will pick up any marks available for s aying that the products include a metal oxide, or for saying that the products include carbon dioxide gas. •
Be de�nite and speci�c. If a question asks you to describe the structure and bonding of a substance you need to use two words. One word describes the structure – giant or simple. One word describes the bonding – metallic, ionic, or c ovalent. Your answer must be t wo words, chosen from this list of � ve.
•
However you can make them much easier for yourself by learning all of the reactions the syllabus says you need to know. If you learn these reactions and practise writing the balanced chemical equations, you will give yourself the best chance you can.
•
You are very likely to have to show your knowledge of at least one organic reaction mechanism. Practise them and make sure you know which reactions go by which mechanism. Learn the equations! Have a checklist in your memory for writing mechanisms:
° ° °
De�nitions – electrophile and nucleophile Which bonds have to be labelled with dipoles (δ+ and δ –) Curly arrows represent the movement of an electron pair, so the arrow should start on a lone pair, or a bond pair, or the delocalised electrons in a benzene ring, and the arrowhead should point towards the atom, ion or molecule that the electron pair is going to.
•
You may be asked to use your skills to interpret mass spectra and NMR spectra. Practice these skills by answering as many sample questions as you can.
•
If a question seems to be about an area of chemistry which you know little or nothing about, it is important not to panic.
•
Let us suppose that a question seems to be in an area that is unfamiliar to you. The following is a strategy that you could use when tackling such questions.
° ° ° ° ° °
Read carefully through the stem of the question and try to identify the areas of the course it is based on. Think back to what you studied in this topic. Look carefully at any information/data provided in the question. Read each sub-question carefully and see how it links to what you know, and any of the data provided. Remember these questions more often test your ability to apply what you know, not to recall speci�c points covered in lessons. Remember – any data provided is there for a reason. You will need to use it, or to select from it, when answering one or more parts of the question.
Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation •
The planning exercise will require you to de�ne the problem and then describe a practical method.
•
If you are asked to make a prediction, and to justify the prediction, make sure you do so.
•
Your practical method should be detailed. Somebody else should be able to follow your method without having to come to you for clari�cation.
•
Make sure any drawings of apparatus are done clearly and simply.
•
If the results obtained will then have to be processed, explain how this will be done.
•
The paper may include a data handling question.
•
This will involve some simple maths. Check your maths, including the choice of the number of signi�cant �gures. If you are in doubt, work to 3 signi�cant �gures.
•
You may have to plot a graph. Number and label the axes clearly. The labels should include the quantity (eg mass) and the units (eg g). The numbering of the axes should make plotting straightforward – if 0.1 g
Section 2: Examination advice
covers ten small squares then plotting is straightforward, if 0.25 g covers ten small squares then plotting is less straightforward – and the points to be plotted should use more than half the graph paper in each direction. •
You will have to evaluate an experiment and the set of results that was obtained.
•
Identify any results that don’t �t the general trend, suggesting an explanation of how they arose.
•
Consider the quality of the method.
•
Comment on the apparatus chosen – was it suitable?
•
You may be asked what conclusion can be drawn, and whether or not the data supports a given hypothesis.
Section 3: What will be tested?
Section 3: What will be tested? Assessment objectives We take account of the following in your answer p apers.
Assessment objective:
What this examines:
AO1 – knowledge with understanding
Remembering facts and applying these facts to new situations.
AO2 – ability in handling, applying and evaluating information
How you extract information and rearrange it in a sensible pattern. How you carry out calculations and make predictions. You also need to re�ect upon the validity and reliability of that information commenting on possible sources of error.
AO3 – use of experimental skills and investigations
Planning and carrying out experiments and recording, analysing and evaluating information. You also need to re�ect upon the validity and reliability of that information. You need to comment on possible sources of error and you need to identify ways in which to improve that experimental work.
The assessment objectives (AOs) listed below re�ect those parts of the aims of the syllabus which will be assessed. This is a brief description and your teacher will be able to provide you with more detailed information on assessment objectives.
AO1 Knowledge with understanding Demonstrate with relation to understanding: scienti�c phenomena, facts, laws, de�nitions, concepts, theories scienti�c vocabulary, terminology, conventions (including symbols, quantities and units) scienti�c instruments and apparatus, including techniques of operation and aspects of safety scienti�c quantities and their determination scienti�c and technological applications with their social, economic and environmental implications present reasoned explanations for phenomena, patterns and relationships
Section 3: What will be tested?
AO2 Handling, applying and evaluating information You should be able (in words or by using symbolic, graphical and numerical forms of presentation) to: locate, select, organise and present information from a variety of sources handle information, distinguishing the relevant from the extraneous manipulate numerical and other data and t ranslate information from one form to another analyse and evaluate information so as to identify patterns, report trends and draw inferences construct arguments to support hypotheses or to justify a course of action apply knowledge, including principles, to new situations evaluate information and hypotheses
AO3 Experimental skills and investigations You should be able to: plan experiments and investigations collect, record and present observations, measurements and estimates analyse and interpret data to reach c onclusions evaluate methods and quality of data and suggest improvements
Weighting of assessment objectives This table gives a general idea of the allocation of marks to the assessment objectives, however the balance on individual papers may vary slightly from year to year.
Assessment Objective
Weighting (%)
On which papers?
AO1
42
1, 2 and 4
AO2
35
1, 2 and 4
AO3
23
3 and 5
Data Booklet A Data Booklet is available for use in Papers 1, 2 and 4. The booklet is reprinted towards the back of the syllabus. Copies of the booklet can be ordered from Cambridge Publications. Please note that changes to the Data Booklet have been made for 2016. The new booklet will be used for the �rst time in the March 2016 examination series (for India only) and Centres will be supplied with copies at this time. Further copies will be supplied as needed.
Section 4: What you need to know
Section 4: What you need to know Introduction What you need to know is presented in a table, which describes the things you may be tested on in the examinations. These are arranged into themes, each being divided into topic areas. These topics are then subdivided into speci�c things you should be able to do. These topics will be placed into one of two columns: •
The �rst column is for learners studying AS Level.
•
The second column is additional material for learners studying the full A Level. additional material
You need only refer to the �rst column (Learners studying AS Level) if you are studying AS Level chemistry. If you are studying A Level chemistr y then both columns columns are needed. If you are unsure about which material to use, you should ask your teacher for advice.
How to use the table You can use the table throughout your chemistry course to check the theme and topic areas you have covered. You You can also use it as a revision aid. When you have a good knowledge knowle dge of a topic, you tick the appropriate space in the checklist column. The themes in the table are: Physical chemistry: Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry Physical chemistry: Atomic structure Physical chemistry: Chemical bonding Physical chemistry: States of matter Physical chemistry: Chemical energetics Physical chemistry: Electrochemistry Physical chemistry: Equilibria Physical chemistry: Reaction kinetics Inorganic chemistry: The Periodic Table/chemical periodicity Inorganic chemistry: Group 2 Inorganic chemistry: Group 17 Inorganic chemistry: An introduction to the chemistry of transition elements Inorganic chemistry: Nitrogen and sulfur
Section 4: What you need to know
Organic chemistry: Introductory topics Organic chemistry: Hydrocarbons Organic chemistry: Halogen derivatives Organic chemistry: Hydroxy compounds Organic chemistry: Carbonyl compounds Organic chemistry: Carboxylic acids and derivatives Organic chemistry: Nitrogen compounds Organic chemistry: Polymerisation Organic chemistry: Analytical techniques Organic chemistry: Organic synthesis
Test yourself Test yourself as follows: •
cover up the details with a piece of paper
•
try to remember the details
•
when you have remembered the details correctly, correctly, put a tick in the appropriate space in the checklist column.
If you use a pencil to tick the space you can retest yourself whenever you want by simply rubbing ou t the ticks. If you are using the table to check the topics you have covered, you can put a tick in the topic column next to the appropriate bullet point. The Comment column can be used: •
to add further information about the details for each bullet bullet point
•
to note relevant page numbers from your textbook
•
to add learning aids e.g. e.g. OIL RIG RIG (for oxidation is loss (of electrons) and reduction is gain (of electrons))
•
to highlight areas of of dif�culty/things which you need to ask your teacher teacher about.
Section 4: What you need to know
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f d s o n l e e s a u v e i s c t s e a l s l a m o o e t R m a m d y n r a t s e e m l , o s u c i h e c m l o o i o t A m t s
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f t n o t a s e s h t m r n e o c e s t o u i n r d l e d a n a o g e m o v n A � m e e r e h D t t
f s o e c s s n s a a m d r m e n u f t o i n b a s a i i s r c p t y l o t a c e n p o s A s i
o r d ; a e g t l n o o a v t m A e e s h h n o T t c
, s n e o s i s t a e a n i v m i t c m a i r l e e e t r m o , r h e f t T d o a A
f s o s a e s v m i t n e e s c a a t l f h i n t e a r r o n d e s e n o , v u s h t s a i e b g e m t a p m t o u a i e t c n l r e v t o i u t s c m m l i c l e o l e a a t s p e t C a e r i s
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
t n e m m o C
y r t e e b d m l u o i o h h s c i u o o o y d t s o s g t n l e d i h b n T a a s e l u c e l o m i c , p o s T m o t A : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i t l l c s y e y S h s P
a l c i u e n s l d i m o l r b l a l o n i f r u g m r e w f n o i e v s d o d t i p u e t m l a s a e h l s o c e n T r m u c i
e e d n a h a l t l u e a m s i c r u i r o d p f r n a l a m e e s u c n l e � m o e r e m D t
n r o l a i t a l a u l c c i u e e r l c i l a a p o l c m m u e e m r h f d o T o n a f
d y n r a t s e e m l , u i o s c h e c m l i o o t o t A m s
1
s d t a s n a a a , m d l e a l a y n c u o b i r i i t n p m o r s t o u i m f e r b i s o e l a m t o p a u c l m c u e g o c l n l c a o i s r C m u o
t s c n u r i o t s t n a u o c q e d d n a e e c n t i a r l a W b
d d f n o n ( a a g s s s n e e n i o ) t s m i t s c s u u e a a l s e o l a o R m v s g
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
t n e m m o C
y r t e e b d m l u o i o h h s c i u o o o y d t s o s g t n l e d i h b n T a a s e l u c e l o m i c , p o s T m o t A : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
. d n t t t d e r n e e a e s f t t o r n e a h h f r a u t o e a k I o t n a e t t . r d e t b c s c i b � s r n u e n c e n u s � a h f b o m i a i i c f m b o o r c s s a o d t i n s n e u u t l � d k g e g e e i e n i n s m r i r e n i r t u r w c u n s s s u u u e o o s k e f g r u n i e f g a i e g g n s h o q a s � a h e p s W a h t o � f t o � l : g n i f , v s o s e l n h o s d e g o t v e n s f i n a i t a n o s f i d g n a o , s e l r s n ) f t a l u a u s a n o b p c e n o l m i e u ) s e o s a s t e g e c u c a b h r s r s n m r g n m i n t t m o a o t n u m o n n f i u i i c l n r d c c o l t i e o a m a o . o o u l t e c r f v e v g u r l r o n l ) o ) . d r u e c q ) y i o o i i i f i e i n P i m ( ( e ( ( h ( c s
d y n r a t s e e m l , o s u c i h e c m l o o i o t A m t s
1
c i r t e m m o o i r f h c i s s o i p n t s h o s i t e n a c i o l u t u d l c l e a a e D r c
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
e r u t c u r t s c i c m i p o T o t A : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
e d f s s b n a o e i e r s s g r s c a n s s o m h a e r r e c d t t m e d u n i e i v e n v a n s t t a i , l n a y l e f s o i r e r t n o t r r i n t c d e o e e n r l d I p e h t a
n i s m e o l c t i a t r a e P h t
e r c t u i m c u o t r t A s
2
s r , n u s o o n t r i v c o a l e s h t o e d e r l p d b f e e o n � a h c t s s i r e t n m c a o c r l u e t e d b e f u e e n D o n i
n s a s n a i m h i f t e o w h t n o e g r e i t a b u h i r b i c r c m s t o s d e i D d n a t a
t d d s r s n n n e e s d a a b n o r e n s r r n m t a e p t u u e s o b o n n s r m p m e , n o h r s n u t n t n t o e a c n e e o v e i t c o l h o g t g u e o s l e d r p d b n c r a e f u h n n o D o a i i n c
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
e r u t c u r t s c i c m i p o T o t A : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
c s i n m n o o t o t o e r a f l p o o c u f t s n s m e o d n r n h e n t i o o r t a t e t n r r u u i b b i e e n b r i b r e n i e t c o t l s n d c o m m e o u r u u D c n a n p n n
s u m e t o l c a u e n h e t h f T o
e r c t u i m c u o t r t A s
2
s s n i r t e s a e n e b e w e b t m s r e h u e b t n p n t s h n s o n i e o r r u s t e g e f u p n f i i e o t d n s t i o f s f D i o o
r o s r f i e e s A x b n o u x y e m t u o d m r e n r n s h a i l w n p e o , o h e s b s e t r i l n m e c i e g y p u s y b o s t n o c e o e d m e s h n u R h t i t a n
p r s 4 e e 3 d b i n m g r d m d a n u e u s t a n n d e n 4 h 2 e e n e a t a , h h e u 1 t i v p r q t o s e t , f l r o a s b l s a s i s l e l l p r e i e a a b r h t a c c t i s d t i n m d e f b r i r u b r D n a o o p n n a o
c i m : o n s t , o , n n a s y , l i t y o o y r r t s a a g t g i t l t r r s i c e e b i e c n e n v r n n l e � l e o i o e e f E e l a
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
e r u t c u r t s c i c i p m T o o t A : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
n o e r s t u c e d l e n a n m r t y i e i a t l n p e � x h f E t a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s e l a t h t i b r h c t o e p k s d n d a n s a f e o b s i r e c s p a e h D s
e r c u i t m c u o t r t A s
2
n n o i o t t a i c s o t r o n m p e o n o t e g r a h r c t t c a t f e e h 6 l o n p e n e c 2 v d o i 2 e i t g n s h t a 2 r s a r 2 e u e s t g n o 1 a b i t � e n d m s s u o U t o c n a n
m r e t e h t y e r s g u e d n e n a n o n i t i a a l s i p x n o E i
n o i t s a t s n i s r n o e o i m t c e e l a h f t e e g f h n o t i s e n c n i i a e g l u r p � x n e n E i e
s s o r c c n a a i i d o s s i e n r d i w e n g o r e d P e r t n d e h e e n a t h t n o d f n i t o o i i a a s r p e l l i e u p o b n P r x o a E i a G T
c i n n o i o t r t a f c o i s e l s m n e n o i o r e t a o f e i h a v d t t s a i r t s e n y c u g e s e g u � r d n m c e e c e o l n u D c e s e
f o f a o t a s t e v d e i a h m s r y h t s g t t e r e f i n e c e o n l h i c n t n t i b u e a o w T n i s t e t n i t o m s n i c e r i t o d e e a p l p i r i e e m o e s t n e r e l n h n o I i a t e P
Section 4: What you need to know
t n e m m o C
. s e i t r e p o r p l a c i s y h p n o e v a h n a c s i h t t c e f f e e h t d n a s r u c c o g n i d n o b l a c i m e h c h c i h w y b s y a w t n e r e f f i d e h t s e c u d o r t n i c i p o t s i h T
g n i d n o b l a c i m e h C : y r t s i m e h c l a c i s y h P
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
e ’ s m m h s u t i i o r d u s m g c o n u i s e i d n d c c n l l i i u n a n s g a a c t c o i a m i n o s , , d e g d , n ‘ e b n d a e f m i r i i d o a r e i r c s d g o i d r n e l a e o h x o u s i D b c o � u d
e ’ h e t s e s t l p n , g o e n m , e h n r i c e a - l e d t i d d , , x n r u n a n i e e l o d v e l e r c a r i o o h x d - c o g l n t n i h o o a , F , o s r c c i n . e ‘ , e d e g d y n b d i n n n f m h a r e g o o h o a r i c d r g n t b s e g i y a n e s i o s x d y r a e D u d b a o h c m
c i p o T
g n i d n o b c i n o I
g ) g e n l n e t i i p t n d a e d u i m n n l l o i a c s v i b d n f s o t r e l n o - c g o s n e o e i e u l c c v d p l a e t v d i a o a n o n d o h C a ( b s m
e m e h T
l a g c n i m i e d h n o C b
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
3
d e ’ e n e l h e f t t s a l o s a u p g o n c n m n r i n e o l o i i c i - d t r ) t a d d o x n e a m m u n o l e u 6 c a l r m i - o n t o r c a i o v , o F f n o C , o s 2 . e d c e ‘ g b f m e n h m A i t m e r o a v i r i c d n a h t s e g i e t a a n e s i o s h d n D u d ( b a t i l
l
Section 4: What you need to know
t n e m m o C
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
g n i d n o b l a c c i p m i o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
e n s r . s n h t f i o ) i e e s l s g r p s s o l w i n l u a e i e l ; ; ; : s ) l m e ) p p s n ) p a ) r l l a a g d e a u n r a a o a r e x h ; d d e r t r a y o r n e l ) s d i l d ) u ; e i n e a l m i o l ) a l e a r l e n b a o h m n n s y h p e a a h d a g p o o i o e i r r n t a t b l v n n : g e t e o g t y i s t m a i n t m n d u c i e p ( i i o r l i a n r a d c r a t ( o t ( t s r ( a n l i t u h ( 2 4 3 ( ( r t l e l l c y 3 s 6 5 a o a e c e p O c p l s u F O H H 2 F F i u x f u l i n l E o m q e ( U s B C C N H S P b i
l a g c n i m i e d h n o C b
3
σ
g f i n o t i n s v e m g l , a r p v t e a s o l r d c i n e n e g v o o b n l b i r i a π c t i d s d e n o b r D b o n a
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t i t s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
g n i d n o b l a c c i p m i o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s l t m a r p f i o t e b c o r n t o 3 o c n o p i e t s a d h t i s n a e d i b r 2 , i r b p c y s s h , e f p D o s
f o o s i n t e v e s r a o p l i e b a l h m a i s g n s d e e a s t h a e t d l t t n u o c s c b i e e d d l s e o r n o h P a m t
d n d e t n o n r e l a b h t a p a g s n y v o i m e t r m c o r l a e d l c f t o o t p o s e n o h e d m i t b t n , i e n y o h i v s i a g l d r b t t c p e d e e a x n n s h e n o E e a u t r b
y t i r v a i l t u a c s e g e d i l e n t o , n o o s t r b r m e r e c d p c e r o t l r o e n f I e n a p
l a g c n i m i e d h n o C b
3
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t i t s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
g n i d n o b l a c c i p m i o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
, ) f ; s o l s e t ) ( r s d 3 n e c s r e C e l n t c d e i t r n o e a p a n f u o ’ a H q n g w f e o s m C i m l m r H r g l a a r d n x d l a n e l e d i N s a e y i n u h e a p e t e h s s c p u e s g c a d 8 e W a l l , i n e i n u l e g e r u , n 1 o e o d s b n n p u i r b n o i i a p r r o i c g d e n d m m a i l l ) c c i d e r t u e l m ( o s n s o n H s e n s d 2 o p e o m s e t a r r a i o n v b a d B G n ( D b a a m c O D i l
l a g c n i m i e d h n o C b
3
s e , f y d d i o o t n x t t i r o a a f p y l s e t o t o c i v p n r n i e t o a d u o r c g n m i o o v t e e b a e h n a m t o i n e h e w r y a l l t l h o b p c t p p e i e x i p l A e e d h t w
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
g n i d n o b l c a i p c i T o m e h C : y r e t m s h e i m T e h c l s n u o a b i c i a t l l c s y e y S s h P
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o o h d s o u t o y s g n i h T t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o o h d s o u t o y s g n i h T
y g b n d i e d f d n o n s o u n b e o c o r r c i t i t r l t c l u a s l a l e t e a s e n m f o o d e e s i i s l e b i a v r m r i c t c i e s l o s t e o e n D i p d
; s r n o e ; e i t h g h t t f t n o c c f i o a r e d o n ; ; e n t f s o f g t ) i e e r e s o g n n g t i i e p b n i n r r e p c d d r i e e h y n a i d t l t t n n o n p n u o b c o o i t r s o b c t n i , i ( p e b l e n c l e d e t r e g n o i c a n b e i e l g n r a c t r e o m l i l i f p f c a i d r s s r a s d d n v d e t y b e n f o o y t e h n m p u D a o b c h i s
c g i l n l i a d t n e o M b
s e i g l t a n i c r e d i p n d s y o n h o r B a p p
l a g c n i m i e d h n o C b
3
n e v i g f m o r o f e t p n y e t s e e r n h o t p i g t e n a c i u d m d n r o e o f n D b i
s r f f f o e o n s g i g n e i n s a n i r h d n t t k n o h a s a i t y t i m d r t c g s e w d n r a o n e e r n b a e d d l l e g a n a f t u i a i c o i c n i s c k w m o a m o e m r s e h h r e e s S c t a b h c
Section 4: What you need to know
f o s e i t r e p o r p l a c i s y h p e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u n i t n a t r o p m i s i m e h t n e e w t e b s n o i t c a r e t n i e h t d n a s e s a g d n a s d i u q i l , s d i l o s n i s e l c i t r a p e h t f . o s y e d c u n a t s t s e b h u T s
r e t t a m f o s e t a t S : y r t s i m e h c l a c i s y h P
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
c i t e n n i k a o e t h t d e c f l o i i p s a s n p b i o a e t s a s h t p y a g r l e m u t o a s e a e t s h S a t d i
c i p o T
: s e e t a s a t g s l s a T R u e o r n e d = s a n a V g l p e a d e h d T i n a
e m e h T
r s e e t t t a f a t S o m
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
4
l a e y e z r i r d a i s a s n l i r u s h a c c y l l e u e a l c c e o e v o i e n r t l p a m p r o s t i n e m o a l a t o n d i t u i i t r q f n d s u o n a i n o a i g o a s s c a v l e a c p m r e r h x r e e f o h o b E t t f
d e y n z t a i r s l a s i l n a i u r e s e e r r a y c l d l u t e u i s u l e a r v o c i e f o s e t l e r m a p r o s t p i n e l m o h m a t e n d i t g t u i i a q f n h t i w n o a i o s m y r l s i a l l e e c p m v y r r e t x r e f o h E t t a e v
l e a n h r i e T t n R g e n i n r g d e = l u M f h V o t p c n i n e , i s n o o s u i t n t a d a i o i n n t a u a m q l e e u r t e c t a s t a l a e S g c d
d n - i o u i c q t i i a t l s e e i n h r e i r k t o p , a l a u e v s s g d e n o ; r i g p s m i n r u r t u , a l e o e l p b m u i r c ; a c e t e v s l o a d e t D m s n a
e t a t s d i u q i l e h T
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
r e t t a m f o c s i p e t o T a t S : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
, e s n d : i i s r 0 n e s a x i m a e 6 i e r f h o s h f , a n C t d o d p s e ( o t i , e a d n p c m m r ) r e a s n , y o a l e e l r n e u i u l r h i d l e o a a d p n c n u w d s u l l p t b u r o u e n o o i n e c o o t m c a s c d r b s d e f i i s n l u l i c e e m l s t r o n g o h f e l o n a a m t o b o x a l , o i n s s i e c i u ) d a m t g i d , e e s m s l e n e o t V , e o l , l e i n a c i r t , e a I t e n d l p a p n b t n ( l i c e i n t a i d r a n a i o y e e m e h o h a t n r i r n i c o h n g t p p s b i m s l o o s c ) c a a r ) i i l ) d l o d ) i e y e h i l r r a r ) h i l n i v i i i i i v o a a ( s g g c ( i n ( D t c ( c ( i
s d e i r l u o t e s : c e c i u e t t a r t h t a t T s l s
f o r s e e t t a t a t S m
4
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
r e t t a m f o c s i p e t o T a t S : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
f d g o n i n l e c r a y s u c t a e e r r f n c u e o o t i e n s r c � e n e s a a t h s t l s r e o s a p s s i r m s u e i e c c t s e o i a h r D m t p
f o r s e e t t a t a t S m
4
, f e t s o c , n o s i e e i l c t i e g p o n p e g t n c i a i n r m g f t a d e r d p u a n r x i o n o l t e l u p o r c n r e s p i m b l o m d i , f a s ( e n d n e a c e r h i n e t g c y ) s t a o t y n r h a g i n e d a s i o n y p t i w i n o l s s t h e b d l c u f h u n i s n o i e O o t s a b v t
f o g e d e n c p n e y i t a t o t d n s e u o b q h t b u s a d m t n o a r d a a f n e i t t s l a r c u n e i g s t c e s g y u r e u h t r S p s p
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e g r e n e l a c i c m i p o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C
. e i . ) , e : e c s i v i t t t m r a l a e g t d e i e n l o h t H s ∆ t o e s ( u y s r n d g o e i n a n s n e u i o a e l c e i p s t x t a a E l g
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
l a c y d i , r g s n a e r m m e r e u n g e t r n e a e e e i c v h h c i t t t t c n l a i a t i n o a l o s f a i u f i u o q o d e t n i c a d , e r u c t n f i i i f a e n n l o g p e i x h f a E t o m
t n e m m o C o t e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g n i h o T d
H s ∆ n m r ( H o y f o i c ( ∆ t g y i c e r g a e h r m c r i e n t e r e m l n n h r i t e a e e y o c y i b l e x h l t h e o m d a p t e i i e ; e d n h c y b n c a i e n g r n t r a e a p r p n c o h ) m , t o s e s e ) v e e t n c i i v a e t c g g a t l a n e n a i i p e a h a g s x h f h e o E r a c o c n p
y , p e l a g h t n n a H E h c ∆ s l c a i t c e i m g e r h e n C e
5
d n d o n n b : ; o o s i n n o : b t , o i e m m . t r c r e t c i a s a n e e s n i t e s t . o u i r i , t e r b ; m e e e f i e h h d n v o f m o t o t i t t e i o i e n r o t e e s c u a r c s g s ; l ; n a n o n u o u a d l o d p u i o s d h r i a t c H ) ; c t i n a n ∆ g a n i a y d a ( r s n t o l i p t a a n n l n m y i t i i a r l a s p r a k a h a g o l t r r p t d h u p e a t f : d x n n i r y e x n e o E e a w t h n E e b
e H l a h t ∆ t f e s n e e o g n g i a m e s h n r a e u c h e y c p x t p l y e h a p g l e n h t a t a i n h t i r d u n p l e p e o c i r i n h e p T t , s n ∆ a p l s a c o t i u t c m l u l a m – s l a o r e C f r e r =
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e g r e n e l a c i c m i p o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
f o y h n d g c o n r i y u t a g s e a d r n r e t g e l i a n u n t u m r l o n o t o e o i o n i s v f c l a i t y e t w c l o u v r e i r a l r v l e a h n o a i n L p t o s e p o i m c ’ i s r h s t s d e s t s t n n d i e l u o e c a i n p o c w a t H u , l m e , n i a s s r s t e y s u q l s l u r e e l a p n c l c c m e a r f p o y a y e e f t s A c c c c t r o i
) y t y n h i g o c n r i r y u � e t e g a f s b r r s a a i e t g n e a l n n u n n o H t u t e o i o o n i v r c n l a i t y r e t w g o l r v c r o i r a v l n l e a B e a i n L p p d e e m c ’ i r u o l d s t s d s t n d h c n s t i n e o n a e c a i n i c w a ( t H u , n , a s s r s l s y y t e l u e r e g e r s l l l p n c l c c m e c r f p o y a y e e y e n A c c c c t r c e
y h t c g r g c y y n u e e n g p o r t l i r t s n r i n a d a i i e u g e l t a h h n s n o t f t y n t i m t e o v n u u r o a b n c s l i b a e . e e y t t w e e o d l r v r e g n g r a v l . g m m e a d n u e a i o n L p n p e c o m c a a ’ , o i r r o t f h f f s h t h s d s t n n s t d c e e c n o e o n i e c n a i y b y i w c o s a t H u , l m l p t i p t e , n a l r s s r o e a a g s e y t a l u r e e s n n p n l c l m e h t n p h t m a l c r r f p o c n a x n o h a e e A c y c c y c t r e c e e f c
y d h c g n r y u o e g s b r t n r e u g e l e n t a o n g u t e o i n v a i c a l r y e r o v t w e r r a l v v p e a l n L m a a i p e c ’ i r o s t s d s t n d h s t i n o n w e e c a i s a , c t H u , e n i a r l s s s e y t g l u r e e r s p n l c l m e l c c f e p o y a y r n e e A c c c c t r e
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
, w a g n r L i ’ - e s d s e u n l s l r b a c e c o n B H y H i c s l c a i t c e i m g e r h e n C e
5
, d n a m y a y t a r p e n g l r g o r a i a p i t h r d t c e e y n a n e t n a e e n i r o e e i w h d h t n t a t i a t f h v f t t a o p c o n s e c u r i o m g a t e t s c r h e n n a t t a o n h f C e r i c o
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e g r e n e l a c i c m i p o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
’ r a e a e y e s d r t r g r i o o a o r y i e s h m p d t n m o e a e ‘ d s r t e n e s i n t n h a m t a t e t , o i t n u s t f c e o a o m e h e b d d h e t t e r s w a r e n u y m e i e r d s s l a e l a a t b p r o p a s i s x e f s y t s e m o s s i d
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
, y e p g o r n t a ⦵ S n h E c ∆ s l c a i t c e i m g e r h e n C e
5
s u e e o t ) g n ; i t a ) a i n e ( g g e n a s a r s ( y : o h n g g n i i p u i c n t r c → u a c a f o c r e a s o t o g ) I d h r c n t n ( e ) ; i r i e e a a ) i e I b r a e ( ( e h ; t u g r t h ) m s c e h e t s a → q a h l n t u a r i n ) e r ( n i e u h e u c s g g ( a e n . → p d i c h l l n i r a p m ) h t o i . ) x h u g i e i s t n m e c d e ( ( w i
n e v i g r e a r o h o e t f v r e i t i e s h o t g e n a p h h i s w c e s t y v s i p c t i o e a d t r c g e r n o r e p e p n
d s , r a t y n d e c u o n h d p i a t t t o r c t a s f o n e e o r p e r h ⦵ , d e a t S n h t r , a o n e s s f e v i e t i t n e a g l g , p t a o u n ⦵ r c c t a l a h S n a c c ∆ e e r
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e g r e n e l a c i c m i p o e T h C : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e n n e o o r i f t i s c t a b a u e b ⦵ i r q e S G f o e ∆ d h T r e t a f – d g n n a o ⦵ a h s H t n s c a ∆ e y e g n r m ⦵ = � e G e n y d e b ∆
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e e r , f s y r ⦵ b g b i e n G G e ∆ s l c a i t c e i m g e r h e n C e
5
n o = i t c a ⦵ G e r ∆ a n r i o o t f a ⦵ u ⦵ G q ∆ e S e ∆ e h T t t a l g – u n ⦵ c i l a s H c u ∆
e n h t o i g t c n a i s e r e u y a b l b r l i e w s ⦵ h t s u G e o e ∆ h s e n a f w c t o r e n o t n p a r o g t p i s o s s
e h , t n o y n i p o t l a s f e c e h o g a t r n g t n e c a a e n a e h d h f r f c f o a c e e y d y r t e u i p n t h o e t a t a r n t t r s a e c t i p n n n e d o e d e m v r e p i p t s g n a
Section 4: What you need to know
e d o r t c e l e t a g n i k o o l y b d e t a g i t s e v n i e b n a c s n o i t c a e r l a c i m e h C . s e g n a h c l a c i m e h c d n a y t i c i r t c e l e n e e w t e b p i h s n o i t a l e r e h t s e t a r t s u l l i . s c l i a p i o t t n e s t i h o T p
y r t s i m e h c o r t c e l E : y r t s i m e h c l a c i s y h P
t n e s m r e l m n o r e C a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e e b t h a t d l m g u l i n o a y h n d s o u i u t i t o o s y d d d s o g t A n l e i h b T a
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n i s s t n n n o e i o i m d t a l e n d i e a x f s o o d n e s t r u a e o l b p u c l m a u m o C n c
s m r d e n a n t i r a n l i f e r p e s b x s n e e a r m d s s t u n e a c n i n n o o e r t r s n o b p i i c e r g t x l e a c o e n s d d a i e f h x D e r o c o
n e o c i t n a l a . d i a s x b n o p i o l n e t i a s h u q e t e g o l n a s r a c h e i c b m e e s m u h U n c
c i p o T
: n s i n e s n o n r s i o r e i t e e s o x e t t f r g a b a ) o c s e n t i d d c n m d d a i a x e e o a r l r n h x u o t R p e t a c o n ( s
e m e h T
y r t s i m e h c o r t c e l E
s u n o b i a t l l c y e S S
6
Section 4: What you need to know
t n e s m r e l m n o r e C a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e e b t h a t d l m g u l i n o a y h n d s o u i u t i t o o s y d d d s o g t A n l e i h b T a
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
y r t s i m e i c h p c T o o r t c e l E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
l a i t e n e d t o : r l o p s t l c i l a m e e r l e e t n c t e r t d e r o d a h a p d t d ) e n x n a n a o t � t s d s e ) ) e i i i r D ( ( (
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t s s s e l l d n n a d a d r d r i r i i o a o t t n a e a r t d t n d n l l N a n e n l e e c t c t u a l a l e o ⦵ : t t o ⦵ e q e S e p E s c p E h t e y r t s i m e h c o r t c e l E
6
d r a e d d n a o r t s t c e e l h t e e n b e i g r o c r s d e y D h
n i n d d s i r : f l e a a s d o t s n u n l e i o e t a s s t a m r n m n i e d s t - i a r e i o e n n h o e s f h e e o t s t f t h t i n e u h d t e t o r h l a t t i o m e r p o t n s f i s e l w s n e u s o t o b s a t u s n i i a d o t c t r e r o n e e a t a c e o m d s m c m t n u i i e ) e e o l ) l x o i D t e i ( c q a i ( e o
Section 4: What you need to know
l l u f e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l a i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
y r t s i m c e i p h o c T o r t c e l E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i t l l c s y e y S h S P
e n i d y y s t r o i r t n t v s s t n o i c i a t t c s e e , l m n a n g ) e s a e e e 6 d t l h e r g c a n e g n n r i a t o i o o o i l r v s t t d n c i a i n e c c e t h d a i a t l e e t e e f x l o S S r o o E ( S p
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s l a o i t w l l t n e e t c g n i o d n p r e a i b d d m o n r a o t t c s c e l y a b e e l t a d a i t r l a n d u e c n l a a t o t C p s
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
t s : l l n r E E e e c s s l N e l d d a e n a r i r i o a d t t i o a r n d n h t d t t n e d a e n t c t a a e t l o t o n u q S e p s p a e ⦵
y r t s i m e h c o r t c e l E
6
a s i n l a i t n w o e e � t o h p t n o l r l e t c e c c u l e d d e e f r a d / l o l d i e n n n c a a l o t i e t l s p x c p e e r s e m o i U t d i s
s , t s a n ) e l e n e i a f h i t m s t o n d o n t y i s l e e e i g e l t d e o n u f l o i l b i a a s p a o v y h e t l l s a n ⦵ t e n e e e i c f E i h g v t i ( m a e t d r m o c h 7 g r a t o 1 b i r a n d t e f , i n c n e r p e s i a u n i e d i t d o c v o s e r i u i r x r t t c d o o e p G a l f l e s o a h e e U t r D r o c s a
s n o i t f a l a u h q t e n x a o v d l e e r e t r c e s n u o t i r h t s g t n a n i o s u q C u e
l a t n e i o n i h t t e t a r t w o o p n h e e y d c l n n o e r o o i t v i c c t e s e h a l u t i t e o l a n h e u a t u q f i q w a t c o s e i e h d e u i t r e r l f a a P v v o
Section 4: What you need to know
l l u f e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l a i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
y r t s i m c e i p h o c T o r t c e l E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o b i c i a t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s ) n q t e o a ⇌ ( c l i u i t l , d e a a l + n a r ) + C r v i o ) / e i t t s ) 2 p e t ] ( z s o h n n e ; a / u q e c s C u 9 i a ⇌ e t t ( n e n q 5 c t ] o o o e 2 e 0 s w p i e e c . o e h e s d t + u F e u l s 0 ( p , ) s i c y d h ) n c l g r + d e t o o n q r h e i e 2 e ⦵ e p a ( t l ( s v u s C s i t c N E i i t d a l e w q e u ) , e = d i a l e t i e x p C q h c t s t E [ e o a u n n i h ⇌ ( . d e t m a a e a r g s g e . o r u f a f x e e U e l [ q o v o e 2 F –
–
–
+ 3
+ 2
–
+ 2
s e f e e l g l d l a o b i t s e r a c d n e l a p y e g e h v t y r u d l a r f a a 2 t h e e h O e c l t / 2 m e r b i o l - n s H s g e i o o i n e k c p p h i m t o . n i e l u s h g e h e t e . h t v r i i e t l e e e , t t l l d d t a d t a f S o e c n a n a b
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
d n a s l s e l i r e c e l t t a e u B f
y r t s i m e h c o r t c e l E
6
Section 4: What you need to know
l l u f e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l a i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
y r t s i m c e i p h o c T o r t c e l E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i t l l c s y e y S h S P
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
g t e i n e e a r h t r h e u t t s o f d d o e n n e i o r t h y d l n t t t e i c o t t a o l i e n r m ( t m i e n e e o ( r e s d b o s d i i f t o l s l y p t e n a i e e i i , r l ) a s h o r t c r ) y s e a t l t n t a o c u s i n c t t r l o x t e i n e c s e d b c e u o t e e d e r u l f q e o n P s e o a r p o c
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
s i s y l o r t c e l E
y r t s i m e h c o r t c e l E
6
e h t d n n e o a t r e h t e h t c t , h n t a l e t n n t e y e t a l s p , e s n e h p w n o p t a i c t o e c o d h r n o s b n y , d a n a e a o L d g e g e i t r t a o a r a a l = t e a v h S r F F A c
g e i n f s i m d o e s u i s ) u l y l g l r c s d o q o a t y ( n l e i r v t a h r o , 4 a c c r o r i s t O e / f l e s c S o e d b e 2 y l i n l y g a l e a o t i r e n t i s t e N r s c ; c h : n u a n a t e ) a q l e d u t t a m s e i n ( q a d 4 l g b e e e e u O n u h s i s c h t s r o S l s 2 a t a ) f u ) i i C ( p i ( o d h t H
n o c o r i i t t y a d a n g l o i r t o m c v r e e A l t e e e h d t n e f a y h t o b e e u t n b l i a d a o r t v c h s t s a n e e f D o o c m
Section 4: What you need to know
n a c t a h t s r o t c a f y n a m e h t f o n o i t a r e d i s n o c e h T . s s e c o r p m u i r b i l i u q e n a e v l o v n i d n . a y r e l t s b i i s r m e e v h c e r l a e c r a i s y s h n p o f i t o c a t e r c e l p a c i s a t m e n a h r c t y o p n a i m m n t a a s h t i s m e i u t r a r b t i l s i u u l l i q c e i p n a o t t s c i e h f T f a
a i r b i l i u q E : y r t s i m e h c l a c i s y h P
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
t n e m m o C
d t l e n a b a h i f d w s o r , r e a s s w n v r i r m o e r f o t e c a t y e a b n h e i t r t , n n n f o e a i i o s a s r e t l e e v m c p a x t s e E a r e r i r
d t n a i c a h f d w m o r , a a s s w n n y r i d m o r f o a e t t y e c a b m n h i t e r u i , f e t n r n o s a b i a s r e i l l i e e p v m u x t a s q E r e r i e
, t a e r u m f t e o a s y t r ’ r l s s e y e p t i l s c p r p e o e a h e m n a t f t e o n f t a e i e h d n o m n t c C a u e i a , u r v e d i s t e i e l r t r e n L i e t p d a g e u b i s l i e c i c t n t o l n u a n s a i r t a t u h r q o e S P i q c c p e
c i p o T
e l s b i n s o r i t e v c e a R e r
m u c i i r b m i l a i n u y q D e
a g l a i r s n i c b i r t i o l i t c e m u c e f a h q F f a c e
e m e h T
a i r b i l i u q E
s u n b i o a t l l c y e S s
7
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
a i r b i l c i i u p o q T E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
p i s d e t i r h n s n c i e n e K u q m e i o e d e t n r t h w a t l a t a t e p e o f r o e T r b K n
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s m n e e u i o g r i u a r t n t f b c e i a a l i a , r o h h t e u c n e t q r o p e r i c c a e t m n e e r a h e f e e r t s f f t t o h e a t t , e r h n , e e f n r p t o a w c s u n y e t e l s e o h t a l u s t t n a c s e t r r a n p o c a S i v o c
, , s r i s n o n e f s i o r u s t t s n n a a t r s o t i r s n e s p s n e l e c a r o c n i t p o x m c r e u f a p i e r o d c i l s n u b d i m a , c p e u q r e K D e t K
m s u t i r n a b i l i t u s q n o E c a i r b i l i u q E
7
n s f i n m o o t r s i o f s n t e a a r s e u t t l s n r a u a t e s v n a o c d e c n s e r h e t m o p t c l e u f i i t a a r r o i a b t p l r i s o u l a i c u m p r l r a q e r p C e t o p a
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
a i r b i l c i i u p o q T E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
n i , e H s p u s d n m r a w e K t e d s n h o t n a i t a n a i l a K u l c p p x , a l a E K c
t n e m m o C
s e n h o t f c s o i i n t t t o g a a o e i l r r t n i i n v d a u h c l c l a u l u q l u a i u q S c w e r o s q e
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s , a e t i t m a i t i u d n r a b e i t u l q i i u a r e q p e h t t o r a p e t t a n p a l e u c s n e l v a e r i C p g
a i r b i l i u q E
7
e h t e n h i a t l n i p x d e e s s d s u e n a s c o r e n p o b i i t r r i e c s d b n e a D o c H
e h t e n h i a t l n i p x d s e e s e d s u c n r a s o p e n t o b i i t c r i a c t s d n e n o o D c C
, I e I f h o d s t e e d g s g t a n s i c n b i a i d n f , d I o n u r o l a d t B c s n i c r i r e y o , a e h t s d , e e e n e h h t t u s t s a f p y w u r b o e o w d e c h d o s n S n a L n a u o c
r e b a s s H e e c h o r T p
t c a t n s o s C e e c h o r T p
a i r b i l c i i n u o q I e
f o e r u h o s t t i n e y v e s a d l t n a h a b x e v e g e i t e n d a b n t n h i i o a l t r n a s t s f o u e s d o i t q c n i c s a e a i n n i e e m r c a r k l w e a e o s p f t t f e e i s x i n E d b w i d
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
a i r b i l c i i u p o q T E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
k a H e p w s d d e s n a a n a b ] ) g g q n a n o ( o r t + t r H s [ r s e f o d t a s n a l u s e c l u d l a a i C v c a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
a i r b i l i u q E
7
n e v i r f o g , o f s e s n c r i o t a o i o t a a t a h r d c t c i i t e e d n e t h a t i i s r e a l n p i b b o a l t r a p i d i x u c p E s a p a
H s f p s e o s n n i h o g i t n s t a g a e t r h s g i c n e r e t n t e a e s s s a h e e b c s a h h e b t d - t n h n d i f a t i o a l s e c s a p d b i i r m c g x c n e r e a s i t e e r u d n h D d n a i t
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
a i r b i l c i i u p o q T E : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s n o i t u l o s r e f f u b w o h H p n l i o r a t l p n x E o c
r f H i e o p h e g t l n o l n r i l i a e o l r t p h x t n e g o n c d i n n d a l u i n e c i o n b i - 3 d i o r , l o c O s s e b e s C n D u H i
e r t a i e f f r u p r b o f p o p a H n p e v e i h t g , e s t n a o l i u t a c u t l a l a C o s d
y t d i l n i a b , u f o l o s g f n i o d t n a p e t s r c s e n p K d o c , n e t u h c t u w , d o e o h s r S u p
e c i v d m n a o r s f p n s o t K i a r e t t a n l e a u c c s l r a n o C c e v
e h t f o g t n i d c e f n f a t e s r n e o d i n n u o w m o h m S o c
n e o i h i n t t e i n h ; t i r t t m a e n e n i t t i e p t a n s t c a s y i a � s s e f e e r s a t e a m o u r l u l s c d f o o u s i c t s l n t n e t a a o n e o n e h i e i t v h e i l t t w t a c h m o r l � c e s e a u t i m o p l c f a h w t y a e o S b c c w a s t
n t c o f e m f e e n h m o T o c i
s t n e n i o c i t � i f t r a e P o c
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s n r i o e t f u f l u o B s
a i r b i l i u q E
7
y t t i l i c b u u d l o o r S p
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t d n a e r u t a r e p m e t e h T . y r t s i m e h c l a c i s y h p f o y d u t s e h t n i t n a t r o p m . i s n i o n i t o c i t a c e r a l e a r c l a i c i m e m h e c h a c f a o f n o o e i s t a r s e e r g h t o t r c p e e h f f t a t t a c e h f t f a s r h o t t o c a b f n e a c h t t f s o l y a n t o a i t a c a g f i t s o e v n o n i i t i e h d T d a
s c i t e n i k n o i t c a e R : y r t s i m e h c l a c i s y h P
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
: s e t m ; a r f t e o n r t a ; n t e r o e s i h t d n t p r o c e e a t c s o e u ; n t e r s o a a g d i n t r f i n ; o i a a n u n e m n q i o i f a e t i l l - r e f p t e c l a x a e a t e E r r h d
t n a t s s n t e o c a r e l t a i a i r t n a i e e t a h t d l o u g h c i n t l a s e C u m
t n e m m o C
m r e t e h t e s n o u i d t c a n a e r n f i a o l e p x t E a r
a e n f n h i o o , t i t e y , l a r t s t a e r v n n i o t e i e a s c h t i i l n t l l a o o n u c c o q f f s n o e o n o t i g i s a t l m c c e p r f n a x e f h a E t e c e r
e h t n , y o o g t i e r e e t u h c i t n b n e r e r t s n e s o f e i u i d t d a e n n v r a i g n t n a n c i i a m a d z l u t l l m p r c o x e n E t i B
c i p o T
y g o l o n i m r e T
y r o e h t n o i s i l l o C
y g e r e e t h n e t r n a e f r ; u i o d t s o n f t t i o n o a r t n t a t a p t e c a e a c p e s s c i v e m r t e n n t f f e n a o o c E t o r c c a
e m e h T
n s o c i t i t c a e n e i R k
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
8
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n a t s n o c e t a R
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e n i k n o i t c c a i p o e T R : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e t a r e e h h t t e r e y t u c l e a v r t e n i e t e h a a p r t i l a d n a m o e n n a i u t t q f o t c a o e n n t a i e t g a l c n s r a e p a n f x f f h o E e c c o
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n e a n n h i f e , a t r o , y u e e y t l m z h t e c a t t l v r a i o d n t e e p r a e B n t i e a u h l q m t a h n e e n r t u t i o f o q f t f n o e n o u n o t g i o i i i a s b t s c l r n i t l m e p r s l f a c x e i o f h a E t d c e c e r
m r e t e h t e s u d n a i s n s i y a l l a p t x a E c
s s u u o o e e n n s g s e e t n e g g i s o o y d m r l u y e a l m d t z o n e t a c n n H a h c i e
n s o c i t i t c a e n e i R k
8
r o s s t s u y o l a n t s a e u c g o o t a m e h o n t h e n e g i r a b o l e p n t x a e E c h
a t f y , n o g t s r e r y e l e n e n e t a f e f o h i t a . d n c e n a a i . i o i , f s , t t a a o a m i v h h s t i t e c n n n c n i a a o h i r a e t l c e c p s x e r a e w o E p e r m l
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e n i k n o i t c c a i p o e T R : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C
- g d p i n n e i a s t e 1 s t e e n t a l f l i r m , s r d p o s n u o s o a m e m s l f h 0 e i r e t t m i i c e e p i h p c r g c s e t t d s a o i h a 2 e e m n i o a i e n t r e t r L t c s r a s p w d s w n o
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e t a e r t a r m r o e f s e u t d h f n a o ] n t s B c n [ u o ] m r i t s t A [ n a o u q k C e =
y b n d o e i o h f t t t o a e r r c e e a m e d t r r h s a o r r t e o e , f a o r h t n n l a o o i i e t i i c t t c n u a i d a u e r e q e D a e h t
s n o i t a u q e e t a R
f n o o r i e t c d r a O e r
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n c e i i o t h t y t l u a f b t i o r a s t c i s s m d i r h e n t t t n n a e r i t m p z r c t l e e f o t n f I e B
n s o c i t i t c a e n e i R k
8
s y a s a s t e s m y h y m l c t y i a i z t h c n a i c w � e l c ) e a s e c b n p i i i r g e s c o t e s l r v o o e i a p h D b (
y b n e i o f t t d o a r c o r a e e e h t d t r e r h o r a r m e o o f e , h i t n f l o n i e l o f i c t a u c t a h d a u e e r q e D a e h t
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e n i k n o i t c c a i p o e T R : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t d o e f n d t o e e a r s r r g m a i e u e r t q t o n I f a r e r
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
n o i e e e t h h c m a i t d t t , r e n r s a n o a n - o , r i o i o n o t r t a o c t f t r e z a i n c e r r a i o n e o r e t f r a c , e f n d o u e o s q c r o r e c h u t e e m p d s d a e r r t o r r D � o a r f g
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n s o c i t i t c a e n e i R k
8
a t a e t d a r n l o a i t i t i a r n t i n n a e c n e t o a l c u g c i n l a s C u
r f t e o a d t h n t r o e - d g t n s i r n d � e n p a a e t f d n s o r i n i o e f e t s d l a r n i - i n t u f l o a t n e w h i c o e c n h h a o S t e r c
n a i f n o i o e t f c i l - a f e s l a r n h r o e i t e d r l a h t o u t c e l s s r a U � c
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e n i k n o i t c c a i p o e T R : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
, n n o i o e i t t t a n a c r u i o a q t e e r n i s t e c o t h p i e a e t e h r a h t c t t l h i l s t - a a w d r p e r m n i t e t a l a i s n u t n e n v o o i m s a t e s e t i h a g h s a t c r g e n u r q o o F u s m o c e f
, d n n e n o v a i ( t t i g c a a h a m s e r t r m i n e p d o a r e h r f t s l c - o t e ) i e u t h l s m a u t e r n s r e m t o i c d l t v a i d c e r e u c o r o a i F p w e r v
f o s e s l e f o u o n r e c q e e o i c i t v n a i t r h y p l e c r g l a r e e m e h b t t b a a l t o a t r c H i t a g f u n e , n n i s n i o h e t h y i a e d o t t a m t e e u c m i r t n n i s i i a r l s t v e e o u n r f e p o x r o n O i r D e f a i
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s s s u c u i o t o e s s n i e i r e n n e d n e e i s t o i o g g s c o y a o r l m t r c e t a a d a m d t h n f o n e a C a o h a h c
n s o c i t i t c a e n e i R k
8
s t s e u n c f a i i g t o h y s x n l e e e a d t i e r a a x h c o t c e f i h o n m o t l r n f e a e v n g s i l o t o r e s u m t a i O e r n g
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i t e n i k n o i t c c a i p o e T R : y r t s e i m e m h e T h c l s a u n o c b i a i l l t s y c e y S h s P
f s d o i e r n s i u o e i t i m q e r b i y z t h n o n e n I
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
f e o d f e o n i l x o i o i o r s t e a d c d i d r t i i u y x x f l o a c o l t e u s a i h c r e t i c r e h n p i e h t s n h e o e p n m g s i o l o t t a t r m u f i O o n t a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n s o c i t i t c a e n e i R k
8
2 8
e O l 2 o r S / c i t y e l a h t a t n c i + e 3 h t e n F e 2 + o n i t e i l c t F u f a O o e r I
e y e h t l t i o c d n r g � a n i c i i c k t d e y l u p c l o a c s l t n f e a c i , o l p n m e s e i o s l h e i t m t a a d o e y z n n i g a m n l t e l n y i u f p x s e O o e u k
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t i t s d
. e l b a T c i d o i r e P e h t n i s t n e m e l e e h t f o s e i t r e p o r p l a c i s y h p d n a l a c i m e h c n i s n r e t t a p r a l u g e r e h t s e t a r t s u l l i c i p o t s i h T
y t i c i d o i r e p l a c i m e h c : e l b a T c i d o i r e P e h T : y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r o n I
d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
d n d f a y o n ( a y e y t i t l t h c i e n i v t c i i n i v d i t i e o t o s n e i p c o a r i u s t ( i e n g , d l o n n t s i s ) a p i t t u e u e t o l i a n c q h i e l e l k d r t a e a m a m o o e v r b c , i t i e B c r l i e r s a c u t c h a i c e t m s i e t o d e ) t e d a l n i n a a D i r e h t D
c i p o T
s f t o n d l y a s e e i o o t t i h c e r i i t c t m e m i e s p u ) d s l y r e i n e s o h i d d o o r p p r r o e i g e f r h c h o s r P o p t a t ( a
e m e h T
c i d y o l i i a t r c c i e / i d P l e i o e b m r e h a h e T T c p
s u n b i o a t l l c y e S s
9
s u e i h t d r y a l c e i v m i s t a t o i u t i l a d a n a u i r q n i c n i o n i o a t l a i i p d x r n E a v a
f s n o t t i n e n t y c a c n n i e i i o l m n i d i i g l v t e r a l , t e a n a t i c s r a e e e t l u a n d r u v i e m p n e c h r e o e t l o p o h c h t g l n t o r i a g t i f l n a m e c o e u i r t l i n r s l c d p r e t e p l e m c r i t e m m o n o l e n n I i e t s m b
e e s ( n y i n g o r e ) i t t a n i e e l r k a n v i o o o e t a B h s a t i t n n i o a a i D l t p s x r e E � h t
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l
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e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s f u ; o o y f t o o l t r o n s o e h s m o d m p i r e i u u r i u y d i o d s f o l l l x d h n o h o u O s s c s p o
t n e m m o C
y e v t e i L c i S d A o g i n r i y e d e p t u b l s d a l s r u c i e o n h r m a s u e L e o o h y d c s o g t : n l e e i l h b b T a a T c i d o i r e c P i p o e T h T : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
; O 2 ; 2 , a s s O N n t o n e S ; i t e i v 0 1 c g a m O e o 4 e r l e t P e e n ; 3 h t h t e O 2 e f g y A o b x i , o ; r y c 3 h O s n i g O a t e f D i w M S l
s f t l o n a y i e d c s r t i i e i h c m t i m r e t d e e l e d o h p e h i o i r c o e t r e f r n e P o p h t i p c i d y o l i i a t r c c i e i d P / e i o e l m e r h b e a h T T c p
9
; 5 C , a C s t N P n s ; e o n i v 4 t e i c g C i a m e o S l e r e t ; 6 e e e C n 2 h t h r t i o e f l o h A b i 2 , c ; r y c C h g s n i a t e f D i w M l
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f i a r , e s t n N s o a i t t n w c t a e h e m i r l e w e e l y h t e n e h t o b i f g r o M c , s y e n d D a n a
r d i e n a h t s f n e n s o o t e r h o d t i s i c t n a x e m l i o t a d e r i l e t e l x h p l x o t e n h e i i n f o d n s s r e e n a i o e i c t n b d r e a e t i o k m l r a t a u h a S v n c v
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
y e v t e i L c i S d A o g i n r i y e d e p t u b l s d a l s r u c i e o n h r m a s u e L e o o h y d c s o g t : n l e e i l h b b T a a T c i d o i r e c P i p o e T h T : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t t o n i n d e x x d o e o n r r m r i a e s i t e a p s p s u e e q e d r f T o d u s i e r
f o s r n e o t i t a c a w e r h t i e w h t s e e d b i i r x c s o e e D h t
c i d y o l i i a t r c c i e i d P / e i o e l m e r h b e a h T T c p
9
, t e n ) h , a y t f l s r v s o e l e u e n n r d i o o s i u a i l o x e a r e v p i b d o a i e x v r x a d r e h t e h e h o i y r h d e h b w d n b w c y a d , i r n h s n o e e e i s a g d t t i b n a m i i o r b s u c h c a i a e d / c u p e d s d l d r d i i o e x c s n n m n ( D c a o i a i a
e s e h t d i r n l o i a l h p c x e e h d t f n a o r e t e s a n b i o w r i t c h s c t i e a e D r w
s l a n i o c s i t a m i e m y r r i h a e d t v c t v i n i n n a t e i a h s s g g t d n e e i t n i e t d n r e r o n t r r p o r t e p e d o b c t e r f l n n I a p o e
r t i n e e h s s t l e f e a r d o p i f c o i s s g x s o y e n n h p i d i o y d n t p t n a d e o a s v r n h b a s t l e e s l e d t a a i i t r b i s i c c o o r e l g m h m e g e c m e p o u n o r r h S h c i f c p
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l
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e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
y e v t e i L c i S d A o g i n r i y e d e p t u b l s d a l s r u c i e o n h r m a s u e L e o o h y d c s o g t : n l e e i l h b b T a a T c i d o i r e c P i p o e T h T : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
c t g l i n i t n a e s i c r m s u i e l e y m t c e e b h a r p n c a a u f h o f c o r o e s g e y g t h i e n t i d e c t v l t i e i c r d i e g o d p a w i r e r o r n o n e P p i k p
c i d y o l i i a t r c c i e i d P / e i o e l m e r h b e a h T T c p
9
s l e d i a t n c n i n e s r , n a e , i e v y p w i r n l e h o u o b n g p o r t p a a i f k t m l T n o o a n i s c u f r n i e o i c f s i h o m t p d o o t t e e i e r t y n a h c l b e i c u i P t e m n m r d s s o d e e l e f n e o d n a D p h t i e i
Section 4: What you need to know
. c i p o t s i h t n i d e c u d o r t n i e r a ) s l a t e m h t r a E e n i l a k l a e h t ( 2 p u o r G f o s t n e m e l e e h t f o s e i t r e p o r p l a c i m e h c d n a l a c i s y h p e h T
2 p u o r G : y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r o n I
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e g r y t d y a i l e l t n n i s i i h e s e a b t l t r a d m h r n p t n t d e n f e d x e s a t e h l o s t n e a d y a t e i n y g t n m o l i s r i r a a l r i e a t e h a b e t t i v h i t a c c a e t n t r a n e e i s t e p e h o h r n r i l h h b a i o e a t t r t t l t u n f a f f o n n I q i o c o o p a
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e t s : i u n h l d o t i t i d c n a w s a e r t n r e e e t h t m a e w e l , e n b i r e e g s c s h d t e f y x i D o o c a
c i p o T
s n i e p i s t s s r u m d e d e o u r i i r s s m i n t n p G l i u e u r a e i o e o t r r a e n l t p i t p h e g r a h b m e t m d i f m a o d o n h S a t o 2 m t n a c
e m e h T
2 p u o r G
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
0 1
d f d n o n r a a u s r e o e t i d a v i a x w h o s e r h t d b d y i i e h w c , s a h t s e e t e t e d u a l b i n i i r x d o c h b s o t e e h r a i D t c w
s e l t e a h a t n m r f o e o b r h a t n o c i e i t d h t s n a e o p s b i r e m t c a s o c r t e e i D d n
e h t f d o e n s i a i e h e r t l k e t a m a r h c t i e m o r s d y p d f o r n s h n s p a d a n p l s n t i n a t o i e n u c r t o i s c p p d m e r i d m m e e n e t e e l r h n r I p t c e o c
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
2 p i c u p o o r T G : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
f d o e n y n e i i c f s e t a i g a h l s o e n t t l i t p a a d l e s d u h x e b u i t l d n m i e h r n c a g o n d t e g y n i s x t o y n l r d p a n i o n a e i n l a i t t i v n d y s m h o e t a r o h e e r t a i n d p s y v t t t e p i i e g e y r l i r a t a h e a r t f a e h r r e l l t u n f f a o u n q v o s e I r h t o c e
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s e t e f a n h i l t n f u o o s i t a s d i r e n i a a t i l s v i e e b d u i h l t o x e s o r t a e d t y t h S h
e e i n h i t d e ) x t e n o i r a n n a o l d o t y p h b s x r e a e m c l m d i u i n m c u d e a l e r i e a u c r c l b e t l i f a d r u o c c c i s e d w r e s n o p g D u a ( a
s s 2 d e s p n u u u o e o r p m G m o f S o o c
2 p u o r G
0 1
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
7 1 p i c u p o o r T G : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e n i d o f i o d s r n u a o e l n o c i e m o r h t b , e e b i n r i r c s l o e h D c
c i t s i s r e e l i t t a r c c i e a r a s y p o h h r C p p
7 1 p u o r G
1 1
e n i m o r b n i , d e n n i r e o r l t h e c h t f e n e o i y b t d i i l r o i i c s t a d l e n D o v a
e e h n n t i f m a v o o f r y b o t i l , s i t e m s a l i n r e e o r t r v l o n c o e h i , f c ’ h t s e l t t i n s a e a r n e d o p r m i W e e d r t e n l I e n a d
e n i s d t o n i e d e m n v l e a t s i t a e e l n n e e i e r h g m a e t o f r g h t o b n y , i e i s t i e b i d v n i r i t i r x c s c o o l e a h e D r c s a l s a f c o t i s n m i r s e e m i e t e e r e h h d c e l i t e r e p d d e o h r h n y T p t a h
f o s s e t e i e n h h t t e t i l n m n i b i i e a a l a t l l p e p s x e x l e h n e a t . d f e d m r s n n g e e d a o o a h r i t e s e r d n y b b d e i i o r r y i v h i t h c c t h s c s a t e e a i e l h D e r w D e r t
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
7 1 p i c u p o o r T G : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
d n o b e v f i t a o l s e r m r e e s t e n h t i t s e s e e r i t i i p i g r l r e b e a t n t n I s e
e s h n t s n i s n o o i i u a e r l e o v p i l e i x d l e a s u s q d h u a f n y a o o b a e e s d i n u b n q i o r o a e i t h w c m o s c l t i l m e a o a D e r w f
f o e s d n i l o a e i t h m c e s n o a h o S e r t i
7 1 p u o r G
1 1
c r e i u h f t s l n n i o u i s a e d l p i e x d t e l a a r t d h f n n a o e c e s n n b o i o r c i t h c s c t i i d e a e D r w c a
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
7 1 p i c u p o o r T G : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
, s n 6 i 1 n e o v s n e i s t t l n e o a t g a e s i t v i u l e n c o e o n e a r e S c o S H d
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e d i , x t t f o o r o e e h d r s h y p e h r e t h t r n i e g i t n e r w m n a b l o u i d i h m d h d c u c n n o f a a f , s o n o e s n n d l o o o s b i i t r m c u o r a i t c e h e i s t d c t i u e n x a D i o e r w q a
e n i r o l h c n o f i o t a e c s � u i r e u h t p r e n t i a a l p x w n E i
s s n u o e o i t e n e c i u d i a r q o a m x e r l u o h h i r e c t d h f i o d y T o w s h
d n s e a n d t h n e t s n u a f n g t o o o e l e r a p s g o h m o p e l o m s a f m S i u h o o c
7 1 p u o r G
1 1
e , d t c i s r e n e : t n a h e c t g a n v i � d i n n l i e l o n n d g s d a i g a l u l o s n i r t s c a a a s n h , s d l s n n i u a t a t s , e , d n g s C n n n e e o d V o a i r . c n P b e s e n m l r a u g l a a h , h i n t t o h c f r o r o e s o r h p c e o i r e t r o t m a p v d a e t m n f o l y s r S i e o c b h a e a
Section 4: What you need to know
s t n e m e l e n o i t i s n a r i c . t p f t o i o s h y t r i n t s d i e c m d e u o r h n c t i e e r a h s t t n o t e m n l e o e i n t i t c i o u s n a d t r o e r h t t n f i o n i s e A t r e : p y o r r p t l s i i a c m m e e h c h c d a c l n i a n i s a c y g h r p o h e n I T
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
g h t s i n i m w r m s e r f t o n o f o l s n s i g i a t , n e t i t n l i n e b a n r a b t e e o m s m e d m l e l e e r e e e k o t h e t n c m l o l o r p n i i t a i - o m l s b d e o p n x a n c r f n E t o o i
d a f o e p a h s e h t l h a c i t t e k b r S o
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
c i p o T
l a c i f s s y o t o h s n e t p e i l m ) t m a e i u r r r l e e p e n e n o e t a p p e r h i t o G p t ( c
e m e h T
n n o y i o s i t t t r i t c n s s u e i n e d h m a r o r t e t m e n t f l o h n t A i c o e
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
2 1
w o r f o t d s r � n a c e t s i n h t n o e r f t m c o e e n l l o e e i t n s e a r o n h i t u o t i g e � s i r t i n a n e a t o r h S c t t
l f h a o t i c e y w i p h t t i y s t s t , n y l e n a e e v d m s a i t d e a l n m t t n i a e i l e a t n u c m n i l u i o a l q o i c e , p t e t s f s g n o k a a n r e c r i t t t o s l n l e o b o e h C m t h t s
e f v a s o h e y o t c t a n s t e t s d n n n e i o e t t m a e d e l h t e i x o e n o b e i i l t r i b c s a s n i r e a r a D t v
e h t a , n f o o i s t e n a r t e a t v u t i g s n e g � a n n m o l e i m o c t e a o c d r i n i f n x i o t o o t c t r y i i d c l s e e n e k a r l r i P e l t
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s l a t n o n i t e i d m d e l A e n t o n i t e i m s l e m n v o a e C r L t S f A o g n y i e r y b t d s d u l i t u s o m s h r s e e u n h o o c r a y d e o e L s g t h n e i l t h b T a o t n o i t c u d o r c t n i p i T n o A : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
d ) n I I a g ( r n e e e t o i h d h i t p t n s d i u p x l n i a o c o w i o d i r n n c s n d a t l i a i f n o y , p s i g x n l s o i o h e e a s ) m d r h x I t e e d t I m a n l x f i ( a s n n e w o p a l l t d s i o p s a n e m b e s t l a n e b i , u o n o m o r r i c d i t e c o c e l c c e r m m t s c o d e a r a e e e l o h n o l h D r e f t a w m c
c f i t o t n t o s e , o i i r l s s t s m e t i t i l e a t t s a c u r s r i e r n n r c e i n e e a a � i m r r t m n a e p t e a p p e e h h o r f l i t G c c p h t o e t o c
n n o y i o s i t t t r i t c n s s u e i n e d h m a r o r t e t m e n t f l o h n t A i c o e
2 1
s g d e i n n a i c a l d e e a u t p l m r a f r s o t c t . o n i n s n a i r f e e d s n c n d n a a p a a o i b a d e c o i g , r n l t o t n d e i a l n e a t g o a d i m t l a a s n n o e t o t a s n b a d n a o e h e r e l o d n t t a v n t i y � a c l e t e h l a e o o D t e d m m p
e y n o r o b i r m d a e o r o s a m r m e o o x f t a e n l n o l p i y a b o t m r e o m d c o l e e a l a d . r n s e u t u c d n e n o � l e r n a e o c r g D m a u s i l
r l o a t , e l a r , m r d n a e o e h i n t i a i r t s l s e r n a t a , a r n l t s a a l r e e x p d b e e e i l r p h r c a a s m t e o c u D c o q s
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s l a t n o n i t e i d m d e l A e n t o n i t e i m s l e m n v o a e C r L t S f A o g n y i e r y b t d s d u l i t u s o m s h r s e e u n h o o c r a y d e o e L s g t h n e i l t h b T a o t n o i t c u d o r c t n i p i T n o A : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
o c d s , t i y n d n a s o t d b r n i i t e a x , n a r n a l e n l a b o d e i u m p e u n l b m m a a m n r o t g m i u o c e l s n f i o e a m e n t i a t h f e h n h a t o h t o i n , i t t w d c e t e a i g n g e r n r t d r o e a a i a e d v h t o r h i r S c p c g c o
n n o y i o s i t t t r i t c n s s u e i n e d h m a r o r t e t m e n t f l o h n t A i c o e
2 1
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
) y 6 e l s s o r x n r o t a n d r d t t i o s o s t o a o l n d i c i i t r a t d t n e e l e m t c n e c t e n r a u E e a l e e o e o n q n h S t S c o e i c ( S e p
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s l a t n o n i t e i d m d e l A e n t o n i t e i m s l e m n v o a e C r L t S f A o g n y i e r y b t d s d u l i t u s o m s h r s e e u n h o o c r a y d e o e L s g t h n e i l t h b T a o t n o i t c u d o r c t n i p i T n o A : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
r f d n u a s o r n c e o t t s s i c a o e a l e e h t y x e w u i c d l a r y h l e l p t o i l m e o m h v w i e o m c t c s a g t a d n n i i e i l a o n n a h h o a u c t ) I e q x g ( I m d i e n r n i e m x i d p a o a d l r n u p d d p a l c o n y x i g n c a h E l i
d e s n u a f o + e 2 s h e t n l p M n / i a 4 m l O a p x n x e M e s s d , a m + + e n a 2 e 3 r t s e F C y / / b s + i 3 2 7 r x c e o s F O 2 d e f r e D o C r
e s h t n o , i t s e c u a l e r a v x o o E d r g e n f i s o u d , o t o c h i i d l e e r i P k l
l a r n s i d l e a s h t l g i e n a b i r r v t t e t o l i e l t d y p s e g r d e t e n a a h r s t e n e l a r e e n o d x b e e l e i r g w p t h c e a m s d o t t e f n c D o i o o c
s f e o x e r l u p o m l o C o c
n n o y i o s i t t t r i t c n s s u e i n e d h m a r o r t e t m e n t f l o h n t A i c o e
2 1
r u o y n n l o o o r n s r t c t g l f n e c o a o e n w t e t i l e n m t e n b i h n e r g l o i g a e d r e l o e i ( s w e e n s a t o h e t e d t t i r i x e b a s e b s e n n l i n e a a p r l e o v r p m s o g x t e o b n c a m d E i
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s l a t n o n i t e i d m d e l A e n t o n i t e i m s l e m n v o a e C r L t S f A o g n y i e r y b t d s d u l i t u s o m s h r s e e u n h o o c r a y d e o e L s g t h n e i l t h b T a o t n o i t c u d o r c t n i p i T n o A : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
e r o s s f e d n h t n e r i o , e e a y g h ) e d l i I i t I d i e r ( x v l o i t r d l o t n n e r h a d t c i e r a p l y d e n p a f h o o c , n u f i r a q i d t e i a t r g e f p e a o o b : i s s r w n r t b d u h o c c n a m o t s f e l a e f n o i m g D e o c w a i l
s d . n n a r i o g e t i l h f t a o o m r s o f o a t n e s i d e n i x e e e v s l e p i g h , t m s o l y l c t a p d e p A n a m
y e . b s e g o t . + n h n a , i e 2 t t t n , ] 3 f w a o g e m l ) 2 o h s m n p i d r - i s s i i s d e u b e s r H p m l h m n e N 2 a y c s t r i i o t r i m H t n s o e e , w i d 2 i 2 s C h s n l l d t m s H n e a C e o a C t a e i - ) 2 s x c 2 r i a : 3 i e b s s t i l i t o p c d r H p H s c e o n i c . o N ( s r c g N s a ) i ( e m ) t e t . o i s g i i i d s c a l ( e P ( N [
m s i r e n m o s i e o t i x s i s t n e o n e l p e a r t r m m e e t n l S i e o c
n n o y i o s i t t t r i t c n s s u e i n e d h m a r o r t e t m e n t f l o h n t A i c o e
2 1
s l n t i i i n l t a d A e c l n p g a N s n i c g D i t f u o n r t e o d g v e r n e s e i r u c d p n , n s e a i l h l b c e t i y e t n b c b a r n i o r n n c o e c i s i s a i n v e s t i c a d a a c d
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
t n e m m o C
) 7 a i o r n s b o l a i t l i i e u c e q e S E S (
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
d n a g f i l ) n o a i s i r a l m i p r b l i x t e e u n q d i e n g a s n i e e g t b n i r a e p c h s c m e x d e o c
s l a t n o n i t e i d m d e l A e n t o n i t e i m s l e m n v o a e C r L t S f A o g n y i e r y b t d s d u l i t u s o m s h r s e e u n h o o c r a y d e o e L s g t h n e i l t h b T a o t n o i t c u d o r c t n i p i T n o A : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t r x f n o e o l n e p i v s o l n m t o a s i o y o t i m a t m l c r i a u o i b f n n f i e r a o i e n t t u l s , b b i i h o t i t a u r x s e t s h t K q e n o l e f o s t , e t p c l e a t n n s u h t t t t t a h a m i c s s o c l e e s i t m e o o a n n n t o o r m o c h s c i t f
b a t s
K , s t y n t i a l i t s b a n t S o c
n n o y i o s i t t t r i t c n s s u e i n e d h m a r o r t e t m e n t f l o h n t A i c o e
2 1
e d n h t a g r i o l f a s f n o o t i n s a s t e r s n n p x o o e c i t u y t e i i c t l t u i s d b e a b d t s u s
, s t n i n o e a t l e t g s e b a n u t n d a o n d s h c t a i s a c y s b f x t r t i e l o i e a s d b d n K n o n a n e i a t t o u s g f d g a i i r l x a m n l e r l n o i a s o a p a , f l m b a t m p r t a e x e s h h o e t K t t c
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
. r u f l u s d n a n e g o r t i n h t i w d e t a i c o s s a y r t s i m e h c e h t f o e m o s s e c u d o r t n i c i p o t s i h T
r u f l u s d n a n e g o r t i N : y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r o n I
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
n a i a i o t c i r n r i s n b o l b i n i i a t t e l l i o i e n u c e I , u e o q S ) q S c E ( 7 e
y t i v i t c a e r f o k c a l e n h t e n g o i r a i t l p n x f E o
e h t n i i a a l p n x o e m d m a n a f e o y b t i r i c c s i e s a D b
c i p o T
s y t I i : t v n i e t g c a o r e t i r n N u
, n o d i n a , m a i d s u i i n n c r e o o a i s l c i m m i t r m t i r e A m a n f
e m e h T
r u n l f e u g s o r t i d N n a
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
3 1
f o e e r e s u a t h b t - c u n d r i t i a c l s n a o p e i x n e a h t m y d i u d b n a ( n a n o n ) e i o n b t o m i r m a i t c a c s m a e e r o e D f r h t
f o t n e s m t l e a c a s l s p t s i i d m e o r h t f a e i b n i r o c s m e D m a
d d e n v a i r a e i d n o s d l a m n i r u m t a o a s f u p i d o m n n e o o i c m e n c a n h m t t r e g a e o t o r m a p t o t i r m S i n f
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
r u f l u s d n a n e g i c o r p t o i T N : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
n i s g s n s s t o n o s n e o u u s t m i s i o l n t i c i o o l o o y m d a t r t e c t u y c H e e e a l e n a e n n t d t e ) , e e e a c z n S e o e i n n S c R k ( 8 g n a h g c i e s e c f n o e u e q e e s u h t s d n e n o l s i c l a l o l r r e a t p t s i x n n l i e e o t r d m c n f e n u a n e o e t r h e i t a t r v a n f t t i S e o n
s l e a d e t h n i s T e x e : f o t n m o n a r e n t e i t g o c g r a o n o r i r d v t t i n p i m n n N e i a
r u n l f e u g s o r t i d N n a
3 1
f l o a r e u c t a n n e r e r u h t c n c o n e i a e g l o p d r t x a i e m n d n f o n a a s e e m d t d i a t n x S a o
t s s e u a d h i x x o e e f r h t o a c n l i a a v m l o p o f x m r e e n e d r c g n t o a i r y t e l i s t a n e s t a a f t a S c o g
e n d o i i x r t c i a i o i r e d i d e e h r h r t x o f u p g a s n i e l n h o e d s t u m u n i g l c t i c a o r r n l t i e e y i h , o h n s r p t w f c s o n i n s a t o i y t m a e t l u l a a d l p i l t x x o a f E o p c o
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
r u f l u s d n a n e g c i o r p t o i T N : y r t s e i m m e e h T h c c s i u n n o a b a i l g l t r S y c s o e n I
t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
e l f d o i f i s s n x o o o f o i i n t d d o a r i e u t t m a r f l s u n o u f s b i m e i c m a o h t t r c e e h e n o b p h i t c r s r s c u l s o f m l e m o e t r u u D a f s f
, e d i f i c d c i a e o r e x h n h o i i T i o p d n : t e r a s r l u m o f u f r i l r m l o u o t u t s n S f a s i a r
r u n f e l g u s o r d t i n N a
3 1
n i a e l n a r b r i i t o d u r n i f l t a c s e c u a e m f s m r d f o n o o o f d i r s e e n v e l a c h n o r t i n e n n a e i n e u r i h q a t e d i e d i e m c t x a e s n a o f t i o S d o h t c
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
, d s n e t n i i o t c c u t s i d c d e p i x o r p n e p o o t c / l e d s a b e r e i c y i u a m t e c m q a e h r t p u r r l o a e i a y t h , c t t r a r o n e t e v x h s e e t i s / e w e w o y s h h f r : i e c t d u , n H e r p e o r O i t e a u q d f e N e r e r - s t d s e . o s u o n e e o e n l r c u e r e b q a a e a b t k s p . y a g e a e r . m e u m c c u s , d s a e o p e y t n c e r o t t a r e a g p s ] h t l t a a a H [ d e r c h d t e e i w n d h c a ) n t a r s ] t e p t t e c O n o f u [ i o d s l u s i q e o o r t g p b i o d t , e d m e l y d v i e w n a s t t e c c o n s h n e k n i t t o , s p x d i t i i e d l e d s n i o e a n i e r t t o c a b l e c l a i t l a w D a e i r . h t s n x t u t o s o e d c y c s u i , d s e p s r o n o r e t , i s c o p i y t r n n r t a t c j e s a o r i a g g e o m r m a r e e e e r f o h v h c i e s t t c a f h t n r i o a o f i n a p h o t e g e a r r c g u o p a q e d f g f e e o i n o l n s b w I y . i e t o e i r r t r c n u s n k u t a e e r t x e d d i i u f o n m e e e y n r a h h t m o i e d o t r W r n . a ( f c e s a h , t e t u x s r h b u e e a g l � g h u l e y g t o s r u . h s m t e g l h . o o r A t e t f
y l l a c i m e h c e r a t a h t s n o i t c a e r n i d n u o p m o c n e v i g a f o s t c u d o r p n o i t c a e r e h t t c i d e r p o t e l b a e b o t d e t c e p x e e b l l i w u o y , w o l e . b d e s � n i o c i e t c p s e s e e s o h t h f t o t o h r c a a l i e m n i I s
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
, s l i a t e s u 4 d b . 5 e a r l o l y n o m s i t r e c o e F e s S
r t o o n f l d a H r . n u g a O t 2 l . c e H o - . u r e C t 2 1 a H s l H n u O a e C 7 t 3 p i H r m r H o 3 o C r W f p C l a c i , r r l i a l a p e r a u u m l c t u e e c l u d m o r n r o M t s a f
n o c y i t i r t c n s a u i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
s i n e o r n e g l o a a x b x f l a e t e o h h b o p e e m l c h y c y T s c c a
, s l i a t e s u 4 d b . 5 e a r l o l y n o m s i t r e c o e F e s S
, s l i a t e s u 4 d b . 5 e a r l o l y n o m s i t r e c o e F e s S
r e l e l b l h t l a m a g f u n n o e i e d w g n e w e n y o i h t t a h c e l a s b s l d p n s p s i e a e a d m d l o t v s n u i e o t t m a m b a i r r l t o f e o e W f r a o h t
, e e h a t l l u d a , e n n e o h m o e t n a i a b r e l t l o h u r n n a b f i o c t t t m a n l c s . t u l s e a r e f e u s t m o e d l u e o f h n e d k m o l t r o e f d g b k e S e u s t g k . l e a i a s s d y i n i b n n e a w o o c p u m e i v l t o u m a b i p o b r r s r r o s h e i r r a a s o n W d d s c c a g f u
s e s r r u e t m c u e d o r h e s t i t s s l l o u a e a t c i n g n t e r i o o n i p h i t o t s n n d r e g e v w n o i a n v i m c r i D g d c a o c
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e e g h o t n t e e h t i r b d f s l i l e o i t n e n e g e w c z e p n u p o a c o x h e Y e e r s b
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
l a e t h e s , t l l e e a e r k s t u s n e u c d r a d u n f r n a a t s d o t l , e e e a l r a y r u a p r e l p e n r t e i s m o n g d I f
t n e m m o C
t o n S f t s i o i s A s r e r o g o d f d e n d e n u l o e r e p w z i o n m u n e q K b o c e r
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
d l n a e t a h e s t l , l e e a n e r k a s t u s k u c d l a d u f r n n a t a s d o t l , e e e a s l r a y r u e a p n r e l p e e n s m r t k i o l n e I g d f a
s d g l n i c d a n i n a m n n o s a a u o i t n g r p c p u n o e o m u r f o F g h t o c
n o c y i t i r t c n s a u i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
r o g c n f o t n i - g n i t o n a d e a i l t e m e c r x e n i s o r r s r c h i e e a - e v r f e a g e n p e h n o e h i n r T i c r t r p
e h t l , a e e r s t a s u l u c d u e n d u n e m r r n r a a t a o s f d t l , e l o e a n r a y e t r l a p e g r e p l o e n s e l t e i a k n g d s h I
e l a h s t l , t e l l o e e a n k s r e u s h u t d d c p u n n f r a a t , s d o t , e e e a l r l a y r u a p r e l p e n r t e i s m o n g d I f
e f h t l , o a e e r s t a s u l u c d u e n a d u n m k r a r l n t a s d f o a t l , e l o e a n r a y e t r l a p e g r e p l o e n s e l t e i a k n g d s h I
) l y r a e t l a s i h e t , t l l o y , r e h r e a e r k o a t s t u s l c m d u c d a i d u r n n a f r n a o p y a t s g r t l , d e a n d e e a i l r a y d r a u l p u n r e l o p m e n c r c t e i s n o n g d f ( i e I s
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
l a e t h e , t l l e l a e r k s t u s y u c d c a d u n f r n a a t s d o s t l , e e e e a d l r a y r l i u a p r e p m r o e n s r l t e i h o n g d f c I
d l n a e t a h e s t l , l e e d a e r k i s t u s u d m a d c u n s f r n a o d a t i s c t l , d e e e a a l r a y r a u o p r e l n i m e n p r t s i o m n e I g d f a
t h g s d i n a m r ) a x y t i o s l s s t n r a , o s n t e s u o s e s l n p b e d i i r a r x i a o m S c f a h c
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
e l p l , o r s m s e , i n d e e o t s l i e n c u h n m e d c f a o c r u c p i e l n z o t e e i i o a t t n a r o e s e n b l e o u b d m z m t m n n o r p a o e l c e u a t e i b t s c i m d s b r n n e a o t s n t r y a o l x e a r s e 6 p t e h i , d e m m g m r n 4 t i i n s o o n i o - , r U u n a w r s f 3 2
l a s e e t h e d t l , l y e h a e r k e s t s d u u l d a d c u n s r n a f o e a t s n t l , d e o e e a t l r a y e r a u k p r e l p e n s m d t i r o n n e I g d f a
n o c y i t i r t c n s a u i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
l c a i l e t h e y t l , l x e o a e r k b s s t r s r u u a c t d c e d u n f r a o s n e a t s d d t l , e e n e a a l r a y r l a p s r e p u d e n s m i r t i o c n e I g d f a
l a e t h e s , t l l e e a e n d r k n i s t u s m a u c d ) a y d u f l r n n a t a s d o n t l , e e o e a y r l r a y a s r l a p e r e p u i m l i e n s m r r r t t i o p i n e I g d f ( n
n h t i e v x w i i s s g s e f o l d c o i t c u p u i n t c p . a t a l r h e o r u s a e u p o g h m d m t l o n t a i i t l e l a a m t t a c c n w a s n e i i o e n r s y n t o e s e l c v b d e m p a o n n s o i m g r u b r U u n s o f a a c
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
c i e n l a n b i g a r w l s s o o u o n n m p a k r o f f e r o r o h f t l a e l s e r u c e c u c u e l e d m l o o e o s m m D i
p e u h t o r g e l s a u n o d i t n a c t n u e r f p r : e m r t e n t I c i t s i r e s t n c i c i o a n t r a c a h g r a C o e r
n o c y i t i r t c n s a u i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
, e d n n h o t a , i t e c n a d o i s i i t t i u l y s n n a s i d o � , n n l n c a o i a m o o i c i t i t t h t y a e d a l r : g a n o s i r p a r r m e e p m e r t e o r t e r r e e h n t I f p t
s , i e n s , i h o l y t l e t n o i i e r i d d o s h d t u p y a o , , h a d l e e n , s n n l i i o n a c e o u h t d i t n p u t n e a o r : o i r t t n c p i t r s s c m e b m d t r e u i l e l n t I e s e n a
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
e n o , h t n b f , i r o n a e c e i l s u π p a l e c d e n s h l s g o a d n e a m σ n o h t d b e f n o n o n n i a b e o l z s b p d n m r x e r e a E n a b t c
, e f o h t , e n i l e p a s u h e c s l e l e g o n h t a m e d n e b i o n r b e c s d z e n e D n a b
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
r o f x e ] s o h n d t e , O l [ e r o e i r s b a t s n l ] t a a i o o H p u c i n b t [ q a c e g a m d e c n r I o e r y s n a c a
e d h t n a e s n o u i d t a n d a i n t x o i o e r : t s p r m c u e r d t e n t e I r
, n e n s i e e s e h p t l a g e h s n a d e d n a h t n e s o e e b n a l b d h i r t u c n c e l e s a , e o e f D o h t m
σ s ; s d c i l e n o s n u b a e g c π r e p a o l h f o d S o m n a
n o c y i t i r t c n s a u i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
s , l e f o , u s i n c e e s l o p e m a l h s g n d e e a t h a d t n l t r o e c b i d d r e e r n h t P a o
, e f n f o o b o , n e r s s i t m a e n h s e r c p a l e d t e n h n o s g n b a i n e a e s r a h n e t d l a u c n h n o c π s i a b t e l l d e d p d e o n a n x n h o E a t m σ b
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s r . r t e e g o e e d a , d e h , r m r t s n n o e s i u o r e t s i d d t d u l i e n a n n l t a n l q o a u i t w a o e u c e e h o c u n s o r r t s c n o o l n e o e a e t h e p p s r c e t k a h s o r t m m m u p m n r o i a n u f o o c i p o a o h s Y a c c m c b o c n u s d i
s s i i t u e r b d u Z t l e e r , l a b E c a i u f n t q o e p e r e e t c s m o o U n c a n s l a t i i c l r a d t n l c , a e i a t s i r t n m u i a o p p m t o e d s u h c d c d o i r g n u r a o n e o n a r t g a s m t , l m t l ) n n m m i a i o s i a e i e s s n n n i s b s n b i n r r r i i o a o r i r o o o e i i e c e i t r e t t c i s s c m s r i s - m s m i s o e i v o n v i e o e o i t u c i s d p f i s D s d ( s D i
: ; n o m l m s a s r i s e i r r r e n u t e t a e s r c t m u m d r i o s n o t s s I s c a i
n o c y i t i r t c n s a u i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
, s s n d e i e d t n g e s e i c h n r i n r t o k o l t a r a s s o b t t π - n t e r e f s i i f i n c m i o u o a d e e s l p s n c b i r i x m r o n e e e r i c s e t s m d t a t e e o n o s a i n r r D i p
t n a d l e n a e a c r i m e t t r s t p i n n e o t e c a c a t o h l m a e w i r h s s i c i r n h r u i a c s s e l a t e p a i v m o x y h s E b t g i
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s c i p o t y r o t c i c u p o d T o r t n I : y r e t s m i e m h T e h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
e l u s c e e l r t n o l a e s m r u c n a t l a a n c u r i r t i r - t h s s c i m s n a c i y l f r r e i t / v u o e i n d m g m e o f r o d s o f I n a i
n o c y i t i r t c n s u a i d g r m o r o e n t o h n t A i c
4 1
d r a n l u l a u , t c o l e p l e m a l e r o o t u k m c c s r a u o e f r t , h t o s d . s e e a t a l y c l i a u u u l d m p m r s m e r o i r o o D f f d f
Section 4: What you need to know
d n a s e n e k l a , s e n a k l a o t n i d e d i v i d b u s e b n a c d n u o p m o c f o s s a l c s i h T . s n o b r a c o r d y h d e l l a c e r a n e g o r d y h d n a n o b r a c y l n o g n i n i a t n o c s d n u . o s p e m n o e C r a
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s y l a n a d n a y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r O
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
d e e � i l n a p h m t e e x y E b l , r a a r s e e l o n n a p e k s g l d a r e f h t o a w y t d t o n i a v g t s i t t i n n s r c e a d u e g d e l r a n n c n e U u i r
c i p o T
s e n a k l A
e m e h T
s n o b r a c o r d y H
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
5 1
, y n e r n t o i s i r t i o y s l m u h b e b c n h y i o c m b t e o c u n t h t : o i s i t s e e e t u b b n t i n i u a r s i k t c l s s a b d m o e f r D o u s n a b
t s - a h e n e n t o i c i e o n t i r w , d c f t u s e r n n a f t e i o a e r p f t e o i t u s e n n h a i r t m i o b o i o t s u r r i t e i t g a s n a l n b a l l u i g a i y c e a i n r a h h c i c h c p t t i s e d e r t o m e a o r r e D m a r m p t p t
f o c i e t c r f u a o o m o r e a s s u a d s n o n e s a a b h t l i i c r a n o t c i a e a h o l r d p p d i x u y r l E c a h
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
d e e e n e � i n p l e o p h r p m t e e d x y E b n a r n ’ o g M n r b n i i a s e r k a t e c w c b n a r o o a l r c o k d ‘ l f o t a y h w d l o r s u s o e f e e h s e e n g t l u s r e s e u k a u l e b l c a l g e e m g n r d o o o u a r m S c m n a f
y r t s , d i n n a m m i o a s e t e e i t h c d s d i d , l e a n a h : t s e h n s e e g o e n b n r i g e e r d k y o c l r g s a h d o e f f y l a D o o h h
s e n e k l A
s n o b r a c o r d y H
5 1
e c n v i r e o t k i e p r n m o p v o m o k y t r a s a s e l M f i o h e p b n i o o r i r t t c i s d c e e l D d a e
y o r d t e t s i n � i s n o i m t d o i e a i c ) h a i e I I c d t ( V l e x o o u h l : e i t s i d t e e d e , a n h b n d i l a t e r k o g c s l m a c n e f y a r o D o b m f
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
r o e n s l a m i o y t e l e o a s S p i ) e I l I y b r V t u e r s n d ( o n e i e t e r o d e g t m i a g a t k e l a l n e a t n n r a h i a n o h t d n f i n g g b i c i r o C e n e x a o n c m c a i r n = h : r - t t s n e i o C s m t u o o t e e e t e i c l d p - d s s n t b , i e e e o � u r , o g u c r n o d k c i p a l e l b s s a h d n e k o r n e f y i o i n m o a D o b c a i c b h t l
s n o b r a c o r d y H
5 1
/ e n n e i e : n i s p n e o m o r i n t p i o r / e d r k b l B f d a n g o e o a i H s i e f t c n o i h h e s d l l m t y a t i u n s s i h i r e t r e n p , a p s e m b b e s i i i a o a r r r h m c c t e x c n n e y c s m s e h e e l e e e h e k o l t D c p D m e l a e s a
e l g y h n i t k y l r t a i n u n l i i d i o a f b l o t a d i p t s e d x t e c s m d e e r a d f o i c f h n f l a e t i n s e e n h v o b i o p i s i o t r t r p c c a t u u c s d c e e o r l f n g o e D i
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n o C i t V a s i f r y P o e b d n s a m d c l e ) y e i t � h s o i l e t i p r p n e e t e n b c o m h t i r i e a t e x ( c i r y s a d e l e h d s o D c a a p
s n o b r a c o r d y H
5 1
t i r n e n u m e v t y i a l e o g p p a e r n m o o e i r r t i h t d f e d d e e m c a i o u n a n d n a t e f b o D o o m
) s ( r e n o m i i l e o n t n e d d o i v a u c e m g n l a o e a f h n o m t i t y n n r e f i o m t e i n s t y c l e e o r e d I p s p
y t l n u o d n c n n i � o f . a t f i o e d l i . y s u i e a , t l b i h s s t o ) b m e a o p e d s n c s s i i e r l d n l k a u t c g f g e ( a u e m d o h y d c t l o r o e f o i a r R o p b h p
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
e y b d n z d n e e a n e � i e b l l p n y m e z h t e x n e e E b m
t n e m m o C
y r n e t n o i s i i t r o u l m t e h e i t n c i h s c b h m t o e u i r h w b t s : s s e n h t b e i n i o i r e t w c s r a c a d e f D o e r n a
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
d d e i n n n n l i s s a o e l a i y l r e t n p t s u a x u k f s e b l s u a a d d m f n i n e , a o s c o e t u e e s r b h n r m o i i o r o t i e h p t h c s s w c t e n e o a a r o h D h e r t t t s n o b r a l c d e o r f u d y s H a
s n o b r a c o r d y H
5 1
s e n e r A
f o y r t s i m e n h o c i e t a r h t t i e n b : i s r e c s n e e D r a
s t y n f r t o a i r s i C t a - l m l e e y c h a c d e r d e i n h a t F : n e s o b e i i n t r e a c l s r y a e f k l D o a
y c r ’ - i t s t e e o i d z n e i m l e e p s b h e c m h a o t e e ‘ c f v h t : o i e s n g o o t b e i n i t r e a n c s r d i a i a d e f x h i D o o c c a
f o f o m y r n r t o o f s i i t o g t m a n e n g i e i r h n c g r e o e r e n a h t d x y n e e h e : z h b s n o i r e l e b c c y s n e c e e r h D a t a
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
m n s , i i o s s n e e t a a r f l n t h p i o c e n m e r a o n a o c m i x n i n l i t o a e e i h n m i h t p i o n s o t e m a e t r e u h b c t t o n i i r r e t g b e c l s s e b i n z n e f u s d e n D o s u a b
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
s n o b r a c o r d y H
5 1
m , s i s n c n a i l i i o h h t c p c e o a r e m t r e c n . e h o t a t l i e t t a r u s e t d e h i g t t s n e g o b v u f u i S o s g
e s h t n o r f t s o c e t l e c e i c n e e l i r f a f f h e o p f o n o e i r n o t h t t c i o a e t e i s l u l b a e t i i r t e c c s o h b s l e e t n u D d i s
e c n n e e r e e w f f i t e e d b n e y d e n h t t i a z v e n t i e t e b r c n e p r r a z o e o e n l r t e h n i n b c I
c n i t i r a n u c m o i c o t r o a s c l a i r r l e r e w o e n n h e i t n a r n e o h a o h i t c n g - i n s n w a i e n o s t d i d u n t c e i i i g s l e d d l o e c e n e r a h u p e o P h t n d c
f n o i o s e t u e g i d t c n e e t l s i l i r a b h w u p f o s o o n t r n k f o c i o e s l e t h u n t o e t i i t y e l t s h p i t b p s o n u A p i s
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s n o b r a c o r d y H : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
y l p a n o c s c i e o t s o u t d y o l s q l n e r i a r t a t e n n c h a e n f r e A e n p n c e S o c i s i t
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
l d s a n r n n e e a o t , b n i n n f e e r i o i g d g a e n s x o c h e l o a t e r e o r h t t n c n t i d m n n y o i e n o f e o h r t s m e i m u o f t n n q n s n s u g b g o o e r r e n o u s i i b d i c v n r i m e n o a x b n s r R e c c o u a o c
s n o b r a c o r d y H
5 1
e h t f o f l o a v s e l o e a s e h t t n c m s a e e n e g r t e s i m u i c n n q t n a g o y t l r e o i s u a l c v n t l e n o a o R e c c p
s e e s e s a h g t u o f o h o t n e e e l t a s e h t r u e t n c b g n i e e r d e s t i m u n e n n q o c g o t c n r e c o i a s t c v n a h f e e n o h n f R e c t e e
a r n f o n n i t i u f i l l o y p o p e s o r c i u s a e o r g h n t t c i r e e o p t n i i s n l t d o u O e r m
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s e v i t a v i r e d n e g o l a H : s i s y l a i c n p o a T d n a y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
l , y s n ) c k i o 5 l n l i a n b 1 o h f i r o a t p n s o s n o s c i l o e t r o a t e t c p t r u d c n e e n c e e k f e f o l e o l r y S S c e e g H ( A
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
a i s c e n y i y l n n n b o r s h o t i o t i h o s m s e t : t y p i t i a i e m n c a b o e a n a a n m i m k e l d r m e e l r r a c e o a h f f o m t u n h a h c o � i t i ; n l n o ; e y s e e p g i i r t o s s a w h e n g m i u m y l t n l i l o o e t i r i m i l l t o t t w s r o a a x i r r o b b d n p c c h e l e f s l f y f f a o u R o a f s o h o o e r
s e s e n a n k e l r a o a n o e n g e g o d l o l a n a H a h s e v n i e t g a v o i l a r e H d
6 1
m o r y f r s t e s e y f i d n o e i b a m k n n d m a e l o e o a i p h r t c o � o i b a r l e n n p p i n e h g m m e o t g m l o e i l o x l a l e a r o r c h e e d e f s h y b R o a t h 2
n o i t u t s i t s e b n a f u k l s o e c a h o i l t m i s h n e i n p e g b i a o l o r h e c l a s c c e e u h n D m n i
f g o 2 n N i s S d t u c e d l c f n f n a i e 1 s e N v s i S m t p s c u e i u o n b i a d r r h g n l c i s c y e l e e h k D m t a
Section 4: What you need to know
s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m g l i n a y n d o u i t t i s d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s e v i t a v i r e d n e g o l a H : s i s y l a i c n p o a T d n a y r e t s m i e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
t d n n e f h e h e o t r t a i c e s w n d s f h f i e e e t r n a d f n g . e n a f s n s e o l i e k e e d h z r s t r a t s y s n r e o n l t i o e a t l i n e r e b b u o r i v e v l p c d g o r i a r t y i t t c o o h e a H l l r l t a a o e a n e I r h h c p t r C
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
e r d , u n y i t o a y c e r 2 m y t N a v s b t w u r r a s S i t s i s e t r n e e e s m n e t e n a y h i n r t h r a h a a t ; k c a k f n o p l k l l e d o g a m t i a a a n a o v i s o m o o e n i h n t n n 1 c n r t d u c a l e e e e t N l h g S s g i x n g a a e o e o o c l r c p l e d e a o e l a h a m e n R h t m h t a h a d
t h n t e f i e h e o r t w c e s n d s f h f i e e r n a t d f n g e a f i s n s e o l k e e d h r s t r t s a y s n e o r t i o a l t o l i n e r e b r i u v e v l p c d g i a r t y i t t c o h e a H r l l t a a a o e n e I r h p t r C d h t n o g b n l e r a t s H e C v i e t a h l t e f R o
s e v n i e t g a v o d i l a n r e H a d
6 1
e v s i e t a n l f s a o d l r s k e s n a i r e n e a o e t s s n h u e e t r e n e n g f i o o l h a l t l k a s a c n a h i i m o o a r l r r e m p o o t e x u u n h E � � i c
n n r o e c f s n o e o n c t a r c k e f e l e h a y t f a e o r l e o e s i h u e n t � n o g t o z o u r o o c o l e e h h R b a c t
Section 4: What you need to know
. p u o r g H O – a n i a t n o c h c i h w , s d n u o p m o c l y x o r d y h , s d n u o p m o c c i n a g r o f o s s a l c e l i t a s r e v a f o y r t s i m e h c e h t s e c u d o r t n i c i p o t s i h T
s d n u o p m o c y x o r d y H : s i s y l a n a d n a y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r O
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
t n e m m o C
d l e ) o � i l n p a t m h e e x y e ( b
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
y f b o d y r e n o t i i s � t l i s u m p b e m e m h c x o e e c , h : s l t l l o o l n a h a c o h c t e l R a e
c i p o T
s l o h o c l A
e m e h T
s d y n x u o o r p d y m H o c
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
7 1
y f b o o t d n s y r e o e t n i i s � a t k l i u l t m p i a e m t s e b o h n c x e u e e , s g o h : l s l t l a o l o n h l a h a e c o v c h e l t i R a e g
y f b o h d t y r e i t i w s � l i n m p i o e m t e c h a c x e e r , e h : s l t l l m o o l n u a h i a c o d h e c t o R l a e s
d n f t o o a d n s y r e i o d t n i t s � l i a u p d o s m i e m x p d i e o m c h c x : o a l c i c e e , o l h n s y l y t l a n x l o h l t o o a h e b b c o c y r e l a r a R a b c c
y f b o o t d n y r e o t i i s � t l i a r m p d e m y e h h c x e e e d , h : s s l t l l o o e l n a h a n c o e c h k e l t l R a e a
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
l y h f f o t h t l s i o e l e d n y o w g y n r e i t n i e p i t s � a i l i o n h m s t p a u m p m x a r e m o l e s d y n e h f e c s a c x : a d l a i e r e e o , y t e o a t h s n b l t l a a h o l o h l c n o r l t s a h a z e e y h c o n c y t e l s c t e R a b e a e b
y f b s o d e e s y a � r i b t l s p h i t i m m e e w x h c e n o e s t a i h t l , c a l l e a o n c e r e h e t R p h
t n e m m o C
s d n u e o b p d l m u o o h c s u y o o x y d o s o r g t n l e d i y h b T a H : s i s y l c a i p n o a T d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
y n f b o o i d t h y r e a t i t i m s � r w l i o n s m p f o d e m r i i t e h e a c t c x s c a c e e � i , e h r l : i s l y t l e x l t o o l n o s a h a e b c o h e c t y r a R l a e b c
, y r a y r a m i i r t p r e t y t x o d n n o r i a d y s y h d n r a l s y u f o d i o n p o h s s c o a m c l o C c e s l a
, s n c i o t s i t i r c n e a o t i e r t c a a g d r a i n i x h o c h s i l t d s u i e g n m g i . g t s g u i . S d e
p u s e m r e c o t r n f i i o n g l e o a t - m k s ) l e o e r a e r H f n n p O a i h l h ( t d t o i e H h o h w i e t C 3 o m c n s e l o o u c H a i o d u C n t e o d a a c u i e f n a i q r D o i e r a t
l o n e h P s d y n x u o o r p d y m H o c
7 1
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
s y r n l n d a e n o n o o g o m s t u n i i n s n t e o r e l o o r i a t e a h t P i p t n , i e n m p N m c ) e e o r f 0 o o i n o S c f c S ( 2 m a
t n e m m o C e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
y m f b u i o d e d y r � i o t s s l p h i t i m m e e w x h c e n o e s t a i h t l , c a l l e a o n c e r e h e R p h t
t n e m m o C
s d n u e o b p d l m u o o h c s u y o o x y d o s o r g t n l e d i y h b T a H : s i s y l c a i p n o a T d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
s d y n x u o o r p d y m H o c
7 1
c i t a f d m o e d o r y r � a a i n t l e s p f i o h t m m n f e e o o x i h t c e a n r o e s i i t a t h a t l , n i n l l o e a n h c e t m g e h y o r n R p b b i r
m y i u n f b o o d e z y a r � i i t l d s p h i t i m m e e w x h c e n o e s t a i h t l , c a l l e s a o n c e r l e t e h h R p t a s
, e r e h t t a n w l i a f o l o p x s n a e i e h t d t i e n i a d c d e a n a b l e i r v i o c n s t a e e l h D e r p
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
. s e n o t e k d n a s e d y h e d l a , s d n u o p m o c l y n o b r a c e h t f o y r t s i m e h c e h t s e c u d o r t n i c i p o t s i h T
s d n u o p m o c l y n o b r a C : s i s y l a n a d n a y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r O
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
/ s 2 7 e n n O 2 o o t r i t e C a k l s o g m d d n r n n h o a a o i s f c u l e s y a y e r h a y l t d e v y i m r e h a i t r b d i e p n c r e d c l p s a m o c s + e f o e r D o f s e r H
c i p o T
s e s d y e h n e o d l t e A K
e m e h T
s l d y n n u o o p b r a m o C c
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
8 1
f o n s 4 o e i H l n t o c t A u e i L d k e r d r o 4 e n a h t s H e e B a d b i y N r h g c s e i n e d s l D a u
m s s i h t e n i f n a o w t o h c c i s e l e i e h n d i k o i m p t n d a n c e o y e a h l c a t c e n s e e u r e d n n b i g o y r e i t o c i r h s h e d d e t f d y d l D o a h a
e n i z a o f o s r t ) d f y e o h H c d n l P n u e y e s n N s o u e D e p - r m e h 4 h p , p o t o 2 c e l r ( h e t i t t b i n n t y i r c n e o c d - g t e b s 4 e , a e r a D 2 e r d c
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
s d n u o p m o c l y n o b r a C : s i s y l a n a d n a y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r O
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
f o f e s o l s t ) y s e e a n e e e o h r n t t d ; b o s u t r l e n t t m e a n a p a k o e n r c f r s m ’ g e o n d i g a s h w n f i t e o n o l e r ) n d ’ u h n e o i y s o s e n t c h k p l F u e n t a e d . l d d u m u i l s e e l o i . o x a n D ( a c e r ( T o
c i p o T
e m e h T
s l d y n n u o o p b r a m o C c
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
8 1
o t f h i e o t n n w i e o d s i n t o d i a c n h a u s t e u e r o o m e o e p h t m o u q d o e - c a i b i e i O i r r n t c l 3 a e s C v e H k i D C l a g
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m
l a n o i t i d d A
s e v i t a v i r e d d n a . s s e d i v i t c a i a v r e c i d l y i r e x h t o d b n r a a d s C i c a : c s i i l y s x y o l r a b a c n a f o y d t r n a i s m e y h r c t e s h i t m s c e e u h d o c t r c i i i n c n p a t o g s r i h O T
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
l y c n a i f s o d i n e f c o i h t t o a c a s l e s i y m e b n i o x r d r i i o t o f r c b s c o r e l e a a h h e D r c t c
d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
’ e s : m n n d a o e e l s c l , s f i s o t o d i d T a d i i c h x d h c n t a o o a t n c i a e r i t i c w i s a e o , ’ s i l s t d h y n x t i n g a H g o r x h 2 i n n e u o t O o l f b c r e e C h g e e h e a R a c b t m H F e r
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n m d n o o i r a t f a s s e m d d r i y o c f a h e e l c l d i h t y a , e x s o l b i b o s r r e c h a l s c o i r t e f l c i D o a n
c i p o T
c i l y x o s b d r a i c C a
e m e h T
c d s i e l v y n i x a t o s a v b d i r r a i e c C a d
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
9 1
e g , n i s h t i s n n s l a i o i k t s u l , c s a d t a i , l c e s r a a s l s a e l c f t e i t e h t y o m a n n e x o e o o i b i t b v b r r a i t r c a a c s c m a c e f r r o e D o f r o
e s h t n n o i i t s s r c d t e a i e r c a s e e l c f i h t y o n e x o o i b i t b r r a c s a c r e f m o D o f
e y s h t b , n n l o i s i o t s h c d o a i c e r c a l a 4 e l c f H i h t y o A n i e x o L o i b i t b r r a f o c a s c m r e f o e s D o f u l
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m
l a n o i t i d d A
e d y i r b l o d h e c � i l l p y o m n a e x h t E e
t n e m m o C
d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
s e v i t t n a e v l i m r e m e v e o d L C d S A n g a i n y s d e b d u i t d s l c u a s r o e h c n s i l r a y e u o x L o y d o s o g t b n l e r i h b a T a C : s i s y l a i c n p a T o d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
e : m n d a o e , s c s f i d h t ) s i t I o c i I d a d i i w d a e h V x c n ( t a o o c , � i i e i H e t t o 2 d c r i s i e a i l i c d O a a d h n y i t e C n a r g x x g o f C u o n o m 2 a b r c r e h O a n a e e h t R a c b t e H w m
c i l y d e v x i o n t a b a l r s l a e r c o n e f e o h t s h s l n i e p i o , t a i s h l d i d o p c x i c E a c a l a
c - i f e o o n t t y i r n a p i o h l e t v e h c i c e h n t a t f d o g e c e i n o t s a u e n l i e t o i h r p t t t t i s s c x e d b i d i e e s l c u o U e t a s c a
l y c a e f h t o s s e i s e b l y d i r i o c r r s d o e y l h D h c
s e d i r l o y l c h A c c d s i e l v y n i x a t o s a v b d i r r a i e c C a d
9 1
, s l l y o s c e h a t n e d n e f i i n h t o w h p a m , i a a e s s s e l y b n i o d o n r o r i i a t r c h m s c o o m l e a c m i r h l e D r c a a p
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t h a t m
l a n o i t i d d A
e y t b a o d z e n e � i l b l p y m n e e x h E p
t n e m m o C
d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
s e v i t t n a e v l i m r e m e v e o d L C d S A n g a i n y s d e b d u i t d s l c u a s r o e h c n s i l r a y e u o x L o y d o s o g t b n l e r i h b a T a C : s i s y l a i c n p a T o d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
) f l n o o e l e y l g i s v k y i t h i i n n l t y t s r o a d i r c a l y a n a l i , t a u o f l e a f d r o r s m c s e i n o n n l d a i e d m e y i e r h s i h i s d n s s t l o s s n e e n i e f y o n o h d a l i d d o i i i t c h a e l r r c i c o l r r o l o e d o p s y l l d e d x a c h h h a y h E e a c c t ( m h c
s r s e e d t i s r e o l n a e f l h y h o c n s a t l e e n y h e i e o c p t b t a l i p a r a g o c z s m n n m m i e r o s e a x r o D f f u b e d e e � t i l l y a p h o n m t a e e x y h t E b e
e c l i p n l y o x i t o m a a b x r e m l r a y n c h o f t a e s e m o a h r t f g e n i t e s s r a b i e u o r t c s n a s s d e i e f c h t D o a e
s r e t s E c d s i e l v y n i x a t o s a v b d i r r a i e c C a d
9 1
s r e d t s n e a f d o i c s a i s e l y h t o r e d y b i h r c s e e s a D b
s g f ; s n o t i r s n u e e r s l v o o v j u o a a l s � a . ; m i . s e c r g e e h e t m s e m r f t e u m t a t o s r e S c e p
Section 4: What you need to know
. n e g o r t i n n i a t n o c t a h t s d n u o p m o c c i n a g r o f o y t e i r a v a f o y r t s i m e h c e h t s e c u d o r t n i c i p o t s i h T . n e g o r t i n n i a t n o c s e l u c e l o m l a c i g o l o i b y n a M
s d n u o p m o c n e g o r t i N : s i s y l a n a d n a y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r O
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
y b d e e n � i l i p m a m l y e x h t E e
h t i n w o e i a t t i a h y n . m s r b o o s m e f e m n a e i n a k l h f t m o a e l a n o n b i o e y i r t k g c c s l o a l a e f e a D o r h
t n e m m o C
d l u o h s o u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
c i p o T
y s r a e n m i i r m P a
e m e h T
s d n n e u g o p o r m t i o N c
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
0 2
h i n t o e w i t t s a h e y i m r b d o s m f e a e i n f h t m o e l a n o b i 4 t y i r c H k c l u s a d A e f e i D o r L l
h n t i o e i w t h a t s e y i m r b l r t o i i f s e n N e i n f / 2 h t m o H r e l a n o o b i i t y c 4 r k c l u H s a d A e f e i D o r L l
y b e n n e e z o i h n t t e a y b m b o r t r o e i f n n e i f m h t l a o C H e y n c o b n i i n t r e c o c h u c s p d e f e / n D o r S l
s d e n i t a i c e f e i h s n o t a i n b m s i a a m r l l s e v e y p e i t t h x i n t a n s e l e i e r d m , e e u a r a n i n t e a f h n i c u e o t o m r a t y i b l n i m t r i s y a m n i c c l r s i a p e e e s a x f h h D b E o p t
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
y b d e e i d � i l m p a m n a e x h t E e
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s u f o o e n u o q i t a c t a h i e r w e e h n t i e m a e b l i n r y i c n s e m e h o r D p b
m f s u i o u o n r n t o o i z i n t i a c h d a t i e e l r w h o t e e n e h n e h t i v p i e m a g d b l i o n r y t a c s n d t e i l e h a D p c a s
e d e f i r h o l o e t g h s n f f n c u i i l u e p m h s s n t t u i u i o e o d t y c n c d n o a a f e z l h a o e r o t i n r n e d e e i a i o l b n h t i r e p i m a c s z s m n d r e e n f o D b a o f
l
f n C o o O C n i ’ o t c i R t a a e r d n m r e a 2 o f h t H e N h t m o r R n e f e b s i r e e c w i t s d e m e D a b
t n e m m o C
s d n u o p d l m u o o h c s o u d n o o t e y e g s l g b o n a r i t i h e T b N : s i s y c l a i p n o a T d n a y r e t s m i e m h T e h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
s e d i m A s d n n e u g o p o r m t i o N c
0 2
e r a s e d i m a t a h t e s i n l g a r o t c u e e R n
s s u i s o y l e o r u q d a y h h i t e w d t i n d m a e i c m a e t b i a r o r e c r i l s t a e n k l D o a
f o n o i t 4 c H u d A e r i L e h h i t t e w b s i r e c d s i e D m a l
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
f d s o n n d a i n e i e c s o e d i a a f t o o w e b a t / i v e i d n n m i r b o g i c m o a a t f s t o a e f e d m o s s n h s h t s r t o d e i o n b c d e f i e i e o i t b e a t e r b i i r h r r d e o p e i t t e c c t i t i s p s p p n i e o e r d e n m w r D p a z D p a t
t n e m m o C
s d n u o p d l m u o o h c s o u d n o o t e y e g s l g b o n a r i t i h e T b N : s i s y c l a i p n o a T d n a y r e t s m i e m h T e h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
o n s i d m i c A a s d n n e u g o p o r m t i o N c
0 2
s s s a e s c d o i r d g c p n i n a e a s o h n s u t i , i s y l e H m p r p a o f d m h i o n s p t a o c s s e t r e e e l b i c f p r f d e e i c t m s l e e f e p e a x D o h t p e
Section 4: What you need to know
. e f i l y a d y r e v e n i l u f e s u e r a s e i t r e p o r p r i e h t w o h d n a s r e m y l o p m r o f o t r e h t e g o t n i o j s e l u c e l o m l l a m s w o h s e t a r t s u l l i c i p o t s i h T
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P : s i s y l a n a d n a y r t s i m e h c c i n a g r O
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
s s r e c i e n t t s s l e i r e y y e r t l e o T c p a r y a n i n b h o n d c i o e i e t a t � h i s l t n a s i e e r p b d e m i r n m e c y x s o e c l e f o s D o p a
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
c i p o T
n n i o o t i t a a s i s n n r o e e i t d m i y d n l d o o A C p
e m e h T
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
1 2
s c i t s i , r s e t n d n i c a e a t r 6 o a n s , r 6 h p o n a y c i , n b s o s i e t e o a t e l d d h d a y i t s e i s m � i t n e n e r i l p , b d e a i y p e 6 r r n l m p a c m l y o y n s o o l c l v p e e f o n x o l y e D o p i e p n K
f o r t i e n m n u l y e v f t i o a o r e p g i p n a a e o m p r i r t o e a f r o s h s r t n d r e e e m e e m c d i o o u n n a n n d o t e c b o o D a o m m
n ) o i s ( r t e c e m s e o n n l n e i o u o i v t c e m g a s l o e a n e h n t i d m n r y t f n o e i t e c m n s a l y e e r f o d I p o p
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
f s e o d i n o m i a t y a l m r o p o d f e n a h t s e r e t b i s r e c y s l e o D p
r f o o f r n i a o p i t r o f c r o a e e r e p n m y i o o t n t o s e a r s h t i r m e t n m c e i e m v o d l n y i e r o g o P p a m
n n o e i v i f t c o a g e a l e e u s p r c n e y e t i o c l u a o e t d a h f s o t i r o m r p n r e e c e h i o m u m c t y i y d l l e o h c o e D p w s p
n o a c t t d l u n c a � t f t i e r d a r a e h n e t s i e e l y b d e l s n e i e a r a n k c f o r i g g l e a e o r y m d c l e e o e o h i R p h c t b
t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n o i f t a g o i s n e r i t e c p y i m d t l y e e r h o P t p
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P
1 2
e l b a d s a r r g e e m d l o y i o B p
r f e o b n o m i u e t n b c a a n e t h a a c t h y t s r b e e s d i e n m y d g l o a t o c p r e f g e h g i R o d l
s r e t s e y e l o r y p a s b t e l a d e h t i b a m e s d a i s i l a r s n y y g l g o p e o o r c d d o d e n i y R a b h
f o s i s y l o r d y h e h t e s b i n i r c e s t e o r D p
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n d i o d n a e e a t s b n n r e o e l d i d i t d u s h t i n o n o d o o B d a c h s c
, , , n e s l o p e � n e m e T a ) ( k r x l a E e a l y F r l T v o o e F p P K
r i e s h e t n i o t i r t n e f o a p o d m o r s e r o p e s f r a f e u b o h t t c s r s u s r e d s t o u s m h c t y s d l i o e D n a p m
s s e f n c r o i a f o s h s e l r i c t a - l a i r e e u r e e h d c p t t i s l e o r a w f o p m o o c h e m e i r r h c t s e t s n n t e u e c m c s i y e l d s i e o r n f f D p a a p
t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
f o s s e r i t r e e m p l y o r o P p
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P
1 2
f n o e i n e o A h i c t N t n n a i o n D i a i c c g n l t i p a � i i n n d s e r m r g n e o i e f s s o a h i t n e b - b c o t h f t n o t i e e n g g n i n o a i o n e l r i t r g p d i l x y a a f E h p e r o
f y o r a e n d r e n t e o u w c c u t r t e e s b , s y y h r s r a i a i t u i s r i g m n r e n t i e p t t s e d o i r D h t n a p
y r a d d n n a x o i i c n l e t e s d n h - e α e e u o h h t f e s r t s a d a e r s t e h t t u i n a e c t e l e t u a t r o t r p S s p β
Section 4: What you need to know
g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e e t a h t m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P : s i s c y i l p a T o n a d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
t n e m m o C
e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n e H e o r - n i t o u g N b a t n i c s d k i d c l i u r n n a t b o a b a s b t O e s y n = h r a e e C t h g n i n t d n o r e s o n i d p a c y e l e w u h p s t x f y e o r E o b b g
t n e m m o C e b d l u o h s u o o y d s o g t n l e i h b T a
n o i t a s i r e m y l o P
1 2
d s n y e r o s o b s t e i a y t x e d b a e s m u y e t o s r n i p l o l g l n u i n i t o e t g e . r b i p c c v g e a u a s l t . p r r e o u s t e w e d s s o t s , e n h n n s d i h y t r p e e o e n a u b e n v a n i i i t b s i r s s r a o c l e r a e i n e s p t g h t e v x f a d s E o R D h c a a e r
t c a , s r r o s e t e d m m y e y e l l o n o n g p i e l s p y g e t w d i n e o t h n c c a u l e e y e d b i b n o r p c o . s e c g v e a s . D h a e
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
s e u . s q d i n n u h p c o e m o t c l c i a c n i g t a r o y l g a i n n t a g A i t s : e s v i n i s r y f o l a l s n o o a t t d n a n r a t o p y r i m t r s e i a e m s e i u q h n c h c e c t i l a n c a i t g a r l y n O A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
m / o s r a f g y y n h n h i i e h p e p a h a t t r m r g s n i g i e o o t t s e t a m u l u a n o m a i d a m t o r g n v o r o f a r n t e h R h t a c n i r d a s c r e l i m m e p d u o r y x r n q h e a a l i c E t l
s m a e i s n 1 + a o h r n t s i f M m e m e e k r a c o h a l l u u t c e u a t d p c l e e n g e o n d o i n l o b s o m i m r u r m i u a d a t c l r c e n u c f n h c e o u t a e p r o g r l e e p c o o s b u n m s m k d a e s o a e f h a m u c e D o t m n a p
f n o o i i s t s m r o e p t m d o i i n u s c q e i l / g m s a e a t a r n r g g u o e t t t c e r i r a e x p r m p m o e r e a t h h n c t f I o
t n e m m o C
l a d n s e e t o i e i h r t a l t k c p u o n o u e t q e a o r u r o f S D B f g e r
d l u o h o s u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
a f l e s p a r o u f u o n m c i e r l g u n r o y l a t f a i c m n e e e t n i o s p l y s p e t l d c a d m n n e i i o f u A r s t
c i p o T
y h p a r g o t a m o r h C
e m e h T
s l a e c u i q t i y n l a h n c e A t
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
2 2
y p o c d s o e r r - t a r c e f n p I s
y r t e m o r t s c s a e M p s
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
s m o e f t o a h t e e c n g n n i r i s e o s l u e r h c d p d n e n u o h t a p k e m a e n o e c i p u c 2 d m + e o r a n M D b i
e l p m i f s n e o y i v y b g t i t d a n e n e i m d r n u i m o i r o t e f t h a c t s e e t t l p s u n s e e c g l m s e s g o g a u a r S m f m
s t t n n e e R s m e M r n N e : p o r l s 3 p e i v m 1 - m c n u e t n i d o o s e t a b a n n r a f d e o o r c o t e b r a m e f f i a l e u d c s r u c t e y e h l e h l a c t e t n o ) i f A p s m ( o
t n e m m o C
s e u d l q u i o n h o s h u d c o o t e y t e s l l g b a n a i c h e i T b t y l a n A : s i s y l c a i p n o a T d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
R M y N p 3 o c 1 - s n o r o t c b r a e C p s
s l a e c u i q t i y n l a h n c e A t
2 2
r o f s e r u t c u r t s e l b l e i s s u c o l p e e o h t m e ) i i ( h t
R M f N o 3 n r 1 e e - i v b n g o m b r u a a n c r o e a f h e t i l n m u t r u c s t c i e k d a c l e o r e e P p p s m
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
: a e f c o u a d e t m d u e r t r o p t r c e e e l t n p s u i c e d R l n a M o N m e s e l y n l o t a o p n r m A p i s
t n e m m o C
s e u d l q u i o n h o s h u d c o o t e y t e s l l g b a n a i c h e i T b t y l a n A : s i s y l c a i p n o a T d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
R M y N p ) o c H ( 1 s o r n t o t c o r e P p s
s l a e c u i q t i y n l a h n c e A t
2 2
t f n o e s s s g a r e n e e r p s i s e s e b n r a u p u m o k l t y n a u t a t v n o r e t e t p p n s e f f v e e i r i r e o i t v e p h s a t f l e l f a i n p l a e o i d t y e c r t e r e o r m h h t m t p e ) h c a o f ) r i i ( o h c i ( e f
n t n e e e h h c - j a t t n d m g n o a o i n s f r s f n u o o n , r t t o n r e o e r b p o r t t p a m t u n n p n l e e v g l i i n e e a u g v t h r t i t i a u l ) 1 i q o p i i ( e t s +
s e r u t c u r t s e e l l b u c i s l s e o o p m e e h t h t ) r v o i f (
e l e s h t t f i f u c h e o l s s o l a n m c r i e n t m t e v e a i p h c g g e i n a n h t i t i t l s t n c p i s o d d t e r n o r P a p
s a l , a c S i m s f M e T o , h t e c n e e s n r o a f m u l e r e i s d l r h y a u t h s d a e t e e n b i a m r t m c a s t s t i e f e r h e D t t h s
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
. n g . a e g n , i s n i t r n a o e t f v b o m d l u e o r s e n t e n d h c e w e e t p h t a r , 3 s e e t C R t a u t e D M S d C N l
t n e m m o C
s e u d l q u i o n h o s h u d c o o t e y t e s l l g b a n a i c h e i T b t y l a n A : s i s y l c a i p n o a T d n a y r t s e i m e m h e T h c s c b u n i o n a i l t a l y c e g S s r O
s l a e c u i q t i y n l a h n c e A t
2 2
y O n b 2 o s i n D t o g a t c o i n � r i t p s n u e H e d i – g n a e N h h t d n c e a x e b i H n r – c o s O t e f o r D o p
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
s i s s . e l e h t u c e n l o y s m c i c n i a n g r a f o g r o O i s s e : h t s i n y s s y l n i a d n s a e u d i s e n g a t e a r y t r s t e s h i t m s c e e u h d o c t r c i i i n c n p a t o g s r i h O T
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
a s y g l u n r o d l l a n r i a r r u t a e i t h a m c n n o o t c s s m n i o o e l a r t m f c f i t t o d a e p s o h t t e c e c e a r l t r g t u a x o i n t S e s s
g u r r d s l e r e e f e g t w t r o e i i n e f e u h n s b t o q , . y a g e y i t t r i f . v h a o e i w r a n , t e n r c t s p f o e a e i n r o t s c t o m p i c s u o t s c c e d i a i s u f e l t e e f l r e u o r p c p a a e e h e i c r e t l t t n a o e e d t y h p h S s m t o t i s
l a n o i e t l c u c n u e f l o l a m r e c v i e n a s g g r i o n n : s i n a p a t r n u o o r F o c g
t n e m m o C d l u o h o s u d o o t y e s l g b n a i h e T b
c i p o T
f o s s g i u e r l s d e l u c h e t a l r n i o y S h c m
e m e h T
s i c s i e n a h t g r n O y s
s u n b i o a l l t y c e S s
3 2
s e t u o r c i t e h t n y S
l a s n n o o i t i c t n c u a f e c r i e n a h t s g u r g b o i n a y s l l f i y t u s n s e e p h d u i t o r n ) i ( g i
d n a s e i t r e p o r p t c s i n d i o e r t p c a ) i i ( e r
c c i t i e n h t a s g n u r y b o s g e l a l h e i n y t g s r a g a t e n s i h - p e s t i r t l p u i u r s n e s o l m f n e o s u c i s t i t e e l v u o c a e D o r m e r
Section 4: What you need to know
e h t g n i y d u t s s r e l n r e a v e e l r L o A f l l l a f u i r e t a m
l a n o i t i d d A
l e v e L S A g n i y d u t s s r e n r a e L
t n e m m o C
e l b a e b d l u o h s u o y s g o n d i h o T t
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