Best and winner team's memo(Respondent)

- MEMORIAL for the RESPONDENT -

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF KOOGLISTAN

FIRST P.A INAMDAR NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETETION Aligarh Muslim Ui!"rsi#$% Aligarh &'()

IN THE MATTER OF*

RAAHATGAN+ RAAHATGAN+ MUSLIM UNI,ERSIT !. EUAL OPPORTUNIT FORUM

1

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TA/LE OF CONTENTS

S"rial N0.

C0#"#s

Pag" N0.

(.

Index of Authorities

3

&.

Statement of Jurisdiction

7

1.

Statement of Facts

8

2.

Statement of Issues

11

3.

Summary of Arguments

12

).

Arguments Advanced

14

4.

The rayer

28

INDE5 OF AUTHORITIES 2


S. NO. 1! 2! 3!

4! *! )! 7! 8! #! 1%! 11! 12! 13! 14! 1*! 1)! 17! 18! 1#! 2%! 21! 22! 23! 24! 2*! 2)! 27! 28! 2#! 3%! 31!

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LIST OF CASES A. Periakkaruppan v! State v! State of Tamil Nadu AI" 1#71 S$ 23%3& '1#71( 1 S$$ 38 Air India v! Nargesh v! Nargesh Meerza AI" 1#81 S$ 128# All Saints High School v! Govt. v! Govt. of A.P AI" AI" 1#8% S$ 1%42 Andhra Pradesh hristian Medical Association v! Association v! Government Government of Andhra Pradesh

AI" 1#8) S$ 14#% Anil v! !ean" v! !ean" Govt. Medical ollege AI" '1#8*( +om! 1*3 Ashok #umar Thakur v! $nion v! $nion of India '2%%7( 4 S$$ 3)1 & '2%%7( * JT 27) Azeez %asha v! $nion v! $nion of India 1#)8 AI" ))2, 1#)8 S$" '1( 833 %ala&i v! %ala&i v! State of M'sore AI" 1#)3 S$ )4# %hopalsingh v! State of (a&asthan AI" 1#*8 "a-! 41 %rahmo Sama& )ducational Societ' v! State v! State of *est %engal '2%%4( '2%%4( ) S$$ 224 +M St. ,ohn Inter ollege v! Girdharilal v! Girdharilal AI" 2%%1 .au! 47 hanchala" !.N. v! State of M'sore AI" 1#71 S$ 17)2 & '1#71( 2 S$$ 2#3 !.A.-. !.A.-. ollege" ,ullundur v! State State of Pun&a Pun&a /II0 /II0 AI" 1#71 S$ 1737 & '1#71( 2 S$$ 2)# !.N hanchala v! M'sore" v! M'sore" 1#71 Su//! S$" )%8 !.P ,oshi v! State v! State of M.%! M.%! AI" 1#** S$ 334 !r. !r. Naresh Naresh Agar1al v! $nion v! $nion of India 2%%* India 2%%* '4( A0$ A0$ 374*, 2%%* 2%% * '4( S$ 24#8 24 #8 2ather Thomas Shingare v! State v! State of Maharashtra AI" 2%%2 S$ 2r. Seastian Manickthan v! State v! State of #erala 2%%# T 238 2rank Anthon' 2rank Anthon' Pulic School )mplo'ees3 Assocn. $nion v! $nion v! $nion of India India AI" 1#87 S$ 311 Gurpreet Singh Sidhu and 4rs. v! Pun&a v! Pun&a $niversit'" handigarh AI" 1#83   5 7% 'F+( H'deraad Asestos ement Product Product v! $nion v! $nion of India 2%%% '1( S$$ 42) Indra Sa1hne' v. $nion $nion of India AI" 1##3 S$ 477 Ish1ar Singh %indra v! State v! State of $ttar Pradesh AI" 1#)8 S$ 14% #. -asanth -asanth #umar v! State v! State of #arnataka '1#8*( Su// S$$ 714 #athi (anning (a1at v! State v! State of Saurashtra AI" 1#*2 S$ 123 Manager" St. Thomas $.P. $.P. School #erala v! ommissioner 5 Sec'. To General )ducation !eptt. AI" 2%%2 S$ 7*) Manohar Harries *elters v! %asel v! %asel Mission Higher )ducation entre" !hanad AI" '1##1( S$ 223% M! of !elhi v! Tek v! Tek hand %hatia AI" 1#8% S$ 3)% Muthamma .%. /Miss0 v! $nion v! $nion of Induia AI" 1#7# S$ 18)8 Nain Sukh !as v! State v! State of $.P. AI" 1#*3 S$ 384 P.A P.A Inamdar v! State of Maharashtra AI" 2%%* S$ 322) 3


32! 33! 34! 3*! 3)! 37! 38! 3#! 4%! 41! 42! 43! 44! 4*! 4)! 47! 48! 4#! *%! *1!

Partap Singh v! Hardam v! Hardam Singh AI" 1#8* S$ 1)#* Pramati )ducational and ultural Trust and 4rs. v! $nion v! $nion of India and 4rs. AI" 1#8% S$ 178# (a&endran .A. v! $nion v! $nion of India AI" 1#)8 S$ *%7 "am #rishna Singh v! State v! State of M'sore AI" 1#)% 6ys! 388 (amesh hander v! Pun&a v! Pun&a,, )) A! un-! 47) (e #erala )ducation %ill AI" 1#*8 S$ #*) S.P Mittal v! $nion v! $nion of India AI" 1#83 S$ 1 St. ,ohn Teacher3s Training Institute v! State v! State of Tamil Nadu 1##3 3 S$$ *#4 v! State of Gu&arat AI" 1#74 S$ 138# St. 6avier3s 6av ier3s ollege v! State St.Stephen3s ollege v! $niversit' v! $niversit' of !elhi AI" 1##2 1 S$$ **8 State of A.P. v! Sagar v! Sagar P. AI" 1#)8 S$ 137# State of Andhra Pradesh v! v! $.S.- %alram AI" 1#72 S$ 137* '13#*( & '1#72( 1 S$$ ))% State of %oma' v! %oma' v! )ducation )ducation Societ' '1#**( 1 S$" *)8 & AI" 1#*4 S$ *)1 State of Himachal Pradesh v! Parasram v! Parasram AI" AI" S$0 373 State of #erala v! #erala v! Mother Mother Provincial AI" 1#7% S$ 2%7# State of #erala v! (. v! (. ,aco AI" ,aco AI" 1#)4 er 31) State of Madras v! hampakam v! hampakam !oraira&an AI" 1#*1 S$ 22) State of (a&asthan v! Pratap v! Pratap Singh Thakur AI" 1#)% S$ 12%8 T.M.A T.M.A Pai 2oundation v! State v! State of #arnataka AI" 2%%3 S$ 3** The Aligarh Muslin Muslin $niversit' $niversit' v! Mala' v! Mala' Shukla S+4 !r. (am&i Shukla Shukla 2%%) '1(

*2! *3!

A0$ ##2 Tulsamma -. v! Seash v! Seash (eddi '1#77( JS$ 13*n 7. Theclamma v! $nion v! $nion of India '1#78( 2 S$$ *1)

S. NO.

LIST OF /OOKS

1! 2! 3! 4! *! !

S. NO. 1! 2! 3!

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! ! +asu, Shorter onstitution of India" Thirteenth dition, A99aha:ad, 2%%3! 6!!Jain, Indian onstitutional 8a1" Fifth dition " $a9cutta, 1##8! andey andey J!;!, J!;!, The onstit onstituti utional onal 8a1 of India" India" Forty ninth dition, A99aha:ad, 2%12! Seervai 5!6 , onstitutional 8a1 of India, India, Fourth dition, e9hi, 1### Shu<9a =!;!, onstitution of India, India, ;inth dition, uc, 1##4!

STATUTES REFERRED The $onstitution of India, 1#*% The ;ationa9 $ommission for 6inor nority duca ucationa9 na9 Institutions Act, ct, 2%%4 %%4 The "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity Act, 1#78

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STATEMENT OF +URISDICTION

The /etitioners a//ea9 in the /resent case under Ar#i6l" (1) of the $onstitution of oog9istan to initiate the /resent /roceedings in the su/reme court of oog9istan!

Ar#i6l" (1)* s7"6ial l"a!" #0 a77"al 8$ #h" Su7r"m" C0ur#

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'1( ;ot>ithst ;ot>ithstanding anding anything anything in this cha/ter, cha/ter, the Su/reme Su/reme $ourt may, may, in its discretion discretion grant s/ecia9 9eave to a//ea9 from any -udgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter /assed or made :y any an y court or tri:una9 in the territory of India! '2( ;othing ;othing in c9ause c9ause '1( sha99 a//9y to any -udgment, -udgment, determination, determination, sentence sentence or order /assed or made :y any court or o r tri:una9 constituted :y or under any 9a> re9ating to the Armed Forces!

STATEMENT OF FACTS

I

The State of oog9istan had a /o/u9ation of 17? 6us9ims! 6r! 6 Saeedu@@aman >as a socia9 reformer >ho >as concerned >ith the condition of 6us9ims >ho >ere socia99y margina9i@ed and educationa99y :ac<>ard and >ere very /oor >hich /9aced o:stac9es :efore them to en-oy 9ife >ith :asic amenities! 6r! Saeedu@@aman >ith the he9/ of non 6us9im friends and a 9and given on 9ease from the government esta:9ished the 6ohammedan $o99ege, "aahatgan- in 1#**! The founder high9ighted the aim for the esta:9ishment of The $o99ege as educationa9 :ac<>ardness of 6us9ims, 9ac< of /rovisions for re9igious instructions in the Institutions run :y the S tate and >ish 6


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of the 6us9im community to esta:9ish a university for 6us9ims! The $o99ege >as run :y 6ohammedan $o99ege Society! Societ y! II

In 1#)8 6us9ims 6us9ims ducation $ommittee $ommittee /assed /assed a reso9ution reso9ution to esta:9ish esta:9ish a 6us9im 6us9im university university at "aahatgan-! "aahatgan-! In the aforesaid aforesaid conference conference Justice S!5 aidi /ro/osed /ro/osed that degrees of the 6us9im univer universit sity y must must :e at /ar >ith >ith governm government ent instit instituti utions ons!! 5erein 5ereinaft after er the niver niversit sity y funds funds $ommittee and niversity Foundation $ommittee >ere found! III

In ecem:er 1#7%, the government agreed to convert The $o99ege into a 6us9im university! In 1#71, 1#71, 6us9 6us9im im niv niver ersi sity ty asso associ ciat atio ion n >as >as foun founded ded to give give /rac /racti tica ca99 sha/ sha/ee to conve convert rt 6ohammedan $o99ege into a 6us9im university! After this, the "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity act, 1#78 >as /assed :y the ar9iament! A99 committees of the 6ohammedan $o99ege >ere disso9ved and a99 the mova:9e and immova:9e /ro/erties o>ned :y the $o99ege >ere transferred to the ne>9y esta:9ished 6us9im niversity! A99 the rights, /o>ers and /rivi9eges of the Society a9ong >ith de:ts, 9ia:i9ities and o:9igations >ere transferred to the said niversity under the Act of 1#78!

I,

The "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity Act, 1#78 dec9ared that the niversity is Bo/en for a99C in matters of admission >ith recogni@ed degrees, di/9omas and certificates! The Act a9so dec9ared that the niversity >as a9so em/o>ered to /romote orienta9 Is9amic studies and give re9igious instruction in Is9amic theo9ogy, /romote study of re9igions, civi9i@ations and the cu9ture of oog9istan, and to /romote educationa9 and cu9tura9 advancement of 6us9ims!

,

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The The mem: mem:er ersh shi/ i/ of Finan Finance ce $omm $ommit itte tee, e, Acade Academi micc $ounc $ounci9 i9,, xec xecut utiv ivee $ounc $ounci9 i9 and the the university university court as the Su/reme .overning Authority Authority of the niversity niversity >as a>arded to certain certain officers! The mem:ershi/ of the niversity $ourt >as ho>ever restricted on9y to 6us9ims! There >as s/rin<9ing /resence of nonD 6us9im mem:ers in other authorities! The authorities >ere em/o>ered to maas designated as the =isitor of the niversity, and >as conferred /o>er to inuire into matters of the niversity and issue directions in certain circumstances to :e fo99o>ed :y the niversity! ,I

In 2%%1, a ne> $onstitution >as ado/ted in oog9istan that /rovided for& rohi:ition of discrimination in favour or against on the ground of re9igion and sex 'under Art! 4*( andG /rovided for the conservation of scri/t, 9anguage and cu9ture and guaranteed the right to esta:9ish and administer educationa9 institution of their choice to the minorities 'under Art! *%(!

,II

In the 9ight of Artic9e 4* of the $onstitution, the statutes dea9ing >ith the com/osition of the niversity court >as amended and the mem:ershi/ >as o/ened for the fo99o>ers of any re9igion! 5o>ever the /resence of nonD6us9im mem:ers sti99 remained margina9!

,III

In Fe:ruary 2%%7, the niversity due to the dec9ining num:er of 6us9im students a//roved the reservation of *%? seats for 6us9ims! After admissions according to the aforesaid /o9icy the nonD6u nonD6us9i s9im m student studentss >ho -oined -oined the engine engineeri ering ng co99eg co99egee fe9t fe9t aggriev aggrieved, ed, formed formed an ua9 ua9 o//ortunity forum and fi9ed a /etition in the 5igh $ourt against the niversity! "6 defended its /o9icy, :eing a minority institution! The 5igh $ourt ho>ever, he9d that "6 >as neither esta:9ished nor >as administered :y the 6us9im community! Thereafter "6 a//ea9ed to the Su/reme $ourt of oog9istan!

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STATEMENT OF ISSUES

T5 FEE0 FEE0I;. I;. ISSS ISSS 5A= 5A= $E6 $E6  FE" $E;SI $E;SI"A "AT TIE; +FE" +FE" T5 5E;C+ S"6 $E"T EF EE.ISTA;&

I.

HET H ETHE HER R RAA RAAHA HAT TGAN+ GAN+ MUSLI MUSLIM M UNI, UNI,ER ERSIT SIT  IS A MINO MINORIT RIT  INST INSTIT ITUT UTIO ION: N:

A! 0hether 0hether "aahatgan"aahatgan- 6us9im niversi niversity ty >as esta:9ished esta:9ished :y the mem:ers mem:ers of the 6us9im communityH +! 0het 0hethe herr "aaha "aahatg tgan an-- 6us9 6us9im im niv niver ersi sity ty is admin adminis iste tere red d :y the the mem: mem:er erss of 6us9im communityH $! 0hether 0hether the /rocedure /rocedure for determining determining a minority minority instituti institution on has :een fo99o>edH fo99o>edH 9


II.

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HET H ETHE HER R THE THE RAHA RAHAT TGAN+ GAN+ MUS MUSLI LIM M UNI, UNI,ER ERSI SIT T POSS POSSES ESSE SES S THE THE RIGH RIGHT T TO TO RESER,E THE SEATS:

A! 0hether 0hether reservation reservation of seats seats is u9tra u9tra vires the the "6 Act, Act, 1#78H +! 0hether 0hether the reserva reservation tion of seats is a vio9ati vio9ation on of the $onstituti $onstitution on H $! 0hether 0hether reservati reservation on of seats seats u/to u/to *%? is is unreasona:9 unreasona:9eH eH

SUMMAR OF ARGUMENTS

I.


a! The 6ohammedan 6ohammedan $o99ege, $o99ege, "aahatgan "aahatgan-- '6$"( >as >as esta:9ishe esta:9ished d :y 6r! Saeedu@@aman Saeedu@@aman >ith >ith 9and given given on 9eas 9easee :y gover governm nmen entt of oog oog9i 9ist stan! an! 0hi9 0hi9ee fund fundss >ere >ere :ein :eing g co99 co99ect ected ed for for the the esta:9ishment, nonD6us9im friends of the founder had a9so contri:uted! 5ence "6, as it no> exists >as not so9e9y esta:9ished :y 6us9ims, :ut >ith the he9/ of nonD6us9ims and a9so the government of oog9istan! 5ence it cannot :e termed as a minority institution!

:! 6ohammedan $o99ege "aahatgan- had acuired *% acres of 9and from the government of oog9istan! The government had a9so /rovided financia9 assistance of "s! 2*%%% for this /ur/ose! After the esta:9ishment of "6, a9most entire funds of the niversity >ere ta

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c! The 6$" >as converted converted into into "aahatgan"aahatgan- 6us9im 6us9im niversity niversity!! The "6 "6 Act, Act, >hich >as /assed /assed in 1#78, is an Act of the ar9iament! 5ence the egis9ature of oog9istan has esta:9ished the niversity rather than mem:ers of 6us9im $ommunity!

d! The The admi admini nist stra rati tion on of the "6 "6 afte afterr under under the 9ight 9ight of Artic rtic9e 9e 4* of the $ons $onsti titu tuti tion on of oog9istan has :een o/ened for a99! 5ence a99 the offices such as Finance $ommittee, Academic $ounci9, xecutive $ounci9 and the niversity $ourt have :een o/ened for mem:ershi/ for Bfo99o>ers of any re9igionC! 5ence "6 is not administered so9e9y :y 6us9ims and hence is not a minority institution!

e! Section Section ) of the "6 Act, Act, 1#78, itse9f itse9f dec9ares dec9ares that that the niversi niversity ty is o/en for a99 a99 in matters matters of admission! 5ence "6 cannot :e termed a minority institution >ithin the meaning of section ) of the "6 Act!

II. II.

HET H ETH HER RAAH RAAHA ATGAN+ GAN+ MUSL MUSLIM IM UNI, UNI,ER ERSI SIT T POSS POSSES ESSE SES S TH THE E RIG RIGHT TO RESER,E SEATS:

a! Sectio Section n ) of the "6 act 9ucid9y 9ucid9y states states that that the niversi niversity ty is o/en for a99! a99! 5ence a niver niversit sity y >hich has :een dec9ared :y the ar9iament of oog9istan as o/en for a99 cannot reserve seats under the "6 Act!

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:! Artic9e 4* of the $onstitution of oog9istan c9ear9y /rohi:its discrimination in favour or against on the ground of re9igion! 5ence reservation of *%? of the seats for 6us9ims is unconstitutiona9!

c! Fundame Fundamenta9 nta9 rights rights inc9udi inc9uding ng the rights rights under Artic Artic9e 9e 3% are avai9a:9e avai9a:9e to natura9 natura9 /ersons /ersons on9y, on9y, and not to the -uristic /erson such as "6! 5ence "6 cannot reserve seats for itse9f!

ARGUMENTS AD,ANCED

I.


The ans>ering res/ondent deferentia99y su:mits that "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity is not a minority institution and the order of the 5igh $ourt ought not to :e set aside!

A. TH THE E RMU RMU HAS HAS /E /EEN EN ES EST TA/L /LIS ISHE HED D / AN ACT OF THE PARLIA RLIAME MENT NT OF KOOGLISTAN.

i!

It is is most most hum: hum:9y 9y su:m su:mit itte ted d :y the res res/o /ond nden entt that that "aaha "aahatg tgan an-- 6us9i 6us9im m nive nivers rsit ity y is not not a minority institution as it has :een esta:9ished :y an Act of ar9iament and not :y the 6us9im community! In the 9ight of the case of S. Azeez %asha v. $nion of India9in >hich minority status of A9igarh 6us9im niversity >as cha99enged it >as he9d that the Act to incor/orate A6 may

1 1#)8 AI" ))2, 1#)8 S$" '1( 833! 12


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have :een /assed as a resu9t of efforts of 6us9ims, :ut that does not mean that the niversity >hen it came into :eing :y : y the A6 Act Act 1#2%, >as a resu9t of effort of 6us9im minority! minority! The The 6oham 6ohamme meda dan n $o99 $o99ege ege of "aah "aahat atga gann- >as >as conve convert rted ed into into "!6! "!6!  after after a 9ong 9ong negotiation >ith the .overnment! 0ith the "!6! Act 1#78, the "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity >as fina99y esta:9ished :y the ar9iament of oog9istan! 5ence simi9ar to the case a:ove, it cannot :e he9d in the case of "!6! that it has :een esta:9ished :y 6us9ims! ii! ii!

It >as >as a9so a9so he9d he9d in A@ee@ @ee@ +ashaC +ashaCss case case that that ther theree >as not nothi hing ng in the the A6 A6 Act Act,, 1#2% 1#2% /reve /revent ntin ing g 6us9im minority from esta:9ishing a university, :ut if they did so it >as not :ound to :e recogni@ed :y the .overnment! That >as >hy the A9igarh 6us9im niversity >as esta:9ished :y the the 9egi 9egis9 s9at atur uree :y the the 1#2% 1#2% Act Act >hic >hich h /rov /rovid ided ed that that A6 sha9 sha999 :e reco recogni gni@ed @ed :y the the .overnment! 5ence it is su:mitted that for "!6! to :e recogni@ed at /ar >ith government institutions, the esta:9ishment :y the 9egis9ature >as sought! This fact cannot :e denied :y the a//e99ant!

iii! iii!

The Su/r Su/reme eme $ourt $ourt has has o:ser o:served ved that that st sta:9 a:9ish ishmen mentt means means :ri :ringi nging ng into into :eing :eing of an instit instituti ution on and it must :e :y a minority community! It matters not if a sing9e /hi9anthro/ic individua9 >ith his o>n means, institution or the community at 9arge founds the institution or the community at 9arge contri:utes the funds2! It is su:mitted :efore the $ourt that the esta:9ishment of "6 >as as a resu9t of the "6 Act, 1#78 /assed :y the egis9ature of oog9istan! 5ence :ringing into :eing >as :y the ar9iament! 5ence "6 is not a minority institution!

iv! iv!

The The term term 6inor 6inorit ity y duc ducat atio iona na99 Inst Instit itut utio ion n has has :een :een defin defined ed in ;ati ;ation ona9 a9 $ommi $ommiss ssio ion n for for 6inority ducationa9 Institutions Act, 2%%43 as& 6inority ducationa9 Institution means a co99ege or institution 'other than a niversity( esta:9ished or maintained :y a /erson or grou/ of /ersons from amongst the minorities! #erala v! Mother Mother Provincial Provincial AI" AI" 1#7% S$ 2%7# G St. 6avier3s ollege v! State v! State of Gu&arat , AI" 1#74 S$ 2 State of #erala v! 138#! 3 Sec 2 'g( of the ;ationa9 $ommission for 6inority ducationa9 Institutions Act, 2%%4! 13


AM 9

In Section 2'g(, the ex/ressions Besta:9ishedC or BmaintainedC have :een used :y the 9egis9 9egis9atu ature! re! The >ord >ord BorC BorC is norma99y norma99y dis-unct dis-unctive ive and the >ord >ord BandC BandC is norma9 norma99y 9y con-unctive4 , :ut at times they are read as vice versa to give effect to the manifest intention of the 9egis9ature as disc9osed from the context*! A $onstitutiona9 +ench of the S$ has he9d that the ex/ression esta:9ish and administer used in Artic9e 3%'1( >as to :e used con-unctive9y, i!e, t>o reuirements have to :e fu9fi99ed under artic9e 3% '1(, name9y that the institution >as esta:9ished :y the community and its administration >as vested in the community)! 5ence to esta:9ish that "6 is a minority institution it has to :e /roved that "6 is :oth esta:9ished7 and administered :y : y the 6us9im community! In the case of S.P Mittal v! $nion v! $nion of India: it has :een he9d :y the Su/reme $ourt that in order to c9aim the :enefit of Artic9e 3% '1(#, the community must sho> that 'a( it is a re9igi re9igious ousKK 9ingui 9inguisti sticc minori minority ty,, ':( that that the instit instituti ution on >as esta:9i esta:9ishe shed d :y it! 0ithout ithout s/ecifying these t>o conditions it cannot c9aim the right to administer it!1% Since the a//e99ant a//e99ant cannot esta:9ish that "6 >as esta:9ished esta:9ished :y it, 6us9im minority minority cannot c9aim the right to administer it!

Asestos ement Product v! v! $nion of India 2%%% India 2%%% '1( S$$ 42)! 4 H'deraad Asestos %indra v! v! State of $ttar Pradesh Pradesh AI" AI" 1#)8 S$ 14%G M! 14%G M! of !elhi !elhi v! v! Tek hand %hatia AI" %hatia AI" 1#8% 5 Ish1ar Singh %indra S$ 3)%! %asha v! $nion of India AI" India AI" 1#)8 S$ ))2 G !r G !r.. Naresh Naresh Agar1al Agar1al v! $nion v! $nion of India 2%%* India 2%%* '4( A0$ 374*, 6 S. Azeez %asha v! 2%%* '4( S$ 24#8!

S! Azeez %asha v! %asha v! $nion of India AI" India AI" 1#)8 S$ ))2 G Manager G Manager"" St. Thomas Thomas $.P. $.P. School School #erala v! #erala v! 7 S! Azeez ommissioner 5 Sec'. To General )ducation !eptt." AI" 2%%2 S$ 7*)! 8 AI" 1#83 S$ 1!

minorities, >hether :ased on re9igion or 9anguage, sha99 have the right to esta:9ish and 9 Artic9e 3% '1( A99 minorities, administer educationa9 institutions of their choice!

!.A.-. ollege" ollege" ,ullundur v! v! State of Pun&a /II0" AI" 1#71 S$ 1737 & '1#71( 2 S$$ 2)#! 10 !.A.-. 14


v!

AM 9

It has has :een :een he9d he9d :y the the Su/re Su/reme me $ou $ourt rt of of Indi Indiaa that that the the .over .overnm nment ent,, niv niver ersi sity ty and and u9t u9tim imate ate9y 9y the $ourt can go :ehind the c9aim that the institution is a minority institution and to investigate and satisfy itse9f >hether the c9aim is >e99 founded or i99 founded11! It is c9ear :y going :ehind the c9aim that the institution is a minority institution that "6 has :een esta:9ished :y an Act of the ar9iament, name9y the "6 Act of 1#78! 5ence the c9aim that "6 is a minority institution is i99 founded!

/. RMU IS NOT ADMINISTER ADMINISTERED ED / MUSLIM MINORIT MINORIT 

vi!

It >as he9d in Azeez %asha v! $4I 9; in >hich the minority status of A9igarh 6us9im niversity >as cha99enged, that the A6 Act, 1#2% did not :ear out the contention that the 6us9im minority >as administering the university after it >as :rought into existence! En the other hand, h and, the administration of the niversity >as vested in the ord "ector, the =isiting +oard, and the statutory :odies created :y the 1#2% Act >hose mem:ers >ere not necessari9y 6us9ims13! The offices of the "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity, niversity, such as the Finance $ommittee, $o mmittee, Academic $ounci9, xecutive $ounci9 and the niversity $ourt >ere o/ened for the fo99o>ers of any re9igion! 14 Artic9e 4* of the $onstitution of oog9istan in uneuivoca9 9anguage stresses u/on /rohi:ition of discrimination on the ground of re9igion and hence, after the /assing of the ne> $onstitution in the year 2%%1 in oog9istan, the administration of "6 >as o/ened for the fo99o>ers of any re9igion!

hristian Medical Medical Association Association v! v! Government Government of Andhra Pradesh AI" Pradesh AI" 1#8) S$ 14#%! 11 Andhra Pradesh hristian 12 1#)8 AI" ))2, 1#)8 S$" '1( 833! 13 I:id! 14 age 8 of the moot /ro/osition! 15


AM 9

Therefore in the /resent case the "6 Act, 1#78 o/ens administrative offices to a99 re9igions! It is a9so :rought to 9ight that the resident of oog9istan >as designated the visitor of "61* under section 12 of the "6 Act, 1#78! 5ence the office of the =isitor >as >ithout any /re-udice to the re9igion of the ho9der of such an esteemed office! Therefore it is conc9uded that there >as no :ias for 6us9im in administrative offices!

vii! vii!

It is is res/ res/ec ectf tfu9 u99y 9y su: su:mi mitt tted ed that that >hi9e >hi9e uot uotin ing g the the case case of T.M.A T.M.A Pai 2oundation and 4rs. v! State v! State of #arnataka and 4rs.9< in a case17, A9though the right to administer inc9udes >ithin it a right to grant admission to students of their choice under Artic9e 3%'1(, >hen such a minority institution is granted granted the faci9ity faci9ity of receiving receiving grantDinDa grantDinDaid, id, Artic9e Artic9e 2#'2( >ou9d a//9y, a//9y, and necessari9y necessari9y,, therefore, one of the right of administration of the minorities >ou9d :e eroded to some extent! It is >e99 n that the "6 had received since the days of 6ohammedan $o99ege grants from the .overnment! After the esta:9ishment of "6 :y the "6 Act 1#78, the .over .overnm nment ent /rovi /rovide ded d a9mo a9most st the the entir entiree funds funds to the the nive nivers rsit ity y for for its its smoot smooth h functioning!18 5ence, in vie> of this decision of the 5onC:9e Su/reme $ourt of India, it is contend contended ed that that even though though minori minority ty is entit9 entit9ed ed to admini administe sterr its o>n educati educationa9 ona9 institution under Artic9e 3% '1(, since it has received grant in aid :y the .overnment, its right to administer sha99 :e eroded to a certain extent! Therefore, an institution, even if it >ere a minority institution >ou9d not com/9ete9y :e administered :y the minority if it has received funds from the .overnment! A9most the entire funds of "6 >ere /rovided :y the .overnment and hence "6 cannot and does not de facto have the /o>er of administration!

15 age 7 of moot /ro/osition, section 12 of "6 Act, 1#78! 16 2%%2 8 S$$ 481!

)ducational and ultural ultural Trust Trust and 4rs. v! 4rs. v! $nion of India and 4rs. AI" 1#8% S$ 178#! 17 Pramati )ducational 18 age 7 of the moot /ro/osition! 16


viii!

AM 9

In th the ca case of of Azeez %asha9= " >herein it >as he9d that Artic9e 2)'c( and 'd( give /o>er to a re9igious denomination to o>n and acuire mova:9e and immova:9e /ro/erty, and if it o>ns or acuires acuires such /ro/erty /ro/erty it can administer administer it in accordance >ith >ith 9a>! There is nothing nothing in the amend amendin ing g Acts cts >hic >hich h in any >ay :ars :ars the the 6us9 6us9im im mino minori rity ty from from o>ni o>ning, ng, acui acuiri ring ng or administering mova:9e or immova:9e /ro/erty! Assuming Assuming that :efore 1#2% the /ro/erty >hich >as vested in the niversity >as the /ro/erty of the 6us9im minority, it >as vo9untari9y surrendered to the cor/orate :ody created :y the 1#2% Act, name9y, the A9igarh niversity! Therefore, >hen the $onstitution came into force there >as no /ro/erty he9d :y the 6us9im minority minority!! As the 6us9im 6us9im minority did not o>n the /ro/erty >hich >hich >as vested vested in the A9igarh A9igarh niversity on the date of the $onstitution, they cou9d not 9ay any c9aim to administer that /ro/erty :y virtue of Art! Art! 2) 'd(!

En /assing of the "!6! Act, 1#78 a ne> 9ega9 entity >as created, the niversity! Simi9ar9y as in the discussed case, a99 the /ro/erty vested in the 6us9im minority :y virtue virtue of the 6ohamm 6ohammedan edan $o99ege $o99ege "aahat "aahatgangan- >as vo9unt vo9untari ari9y 9y transf transferr erred ed to the "aahat "aahatgangan- 6us9im 6us9im niver niversi sity ty in 1#78 1#782%! Sinc Sincee 6us9 6us9im im mino minori rity ty did did not not o>n o>n the the /ro/erty >hich >as no> vested in "6, from the day of esta:9ishment of "6, they had no right to administer the /ro/erty! 5ence it is su:mitted :efore the 5onC:9e $ourt that 6us9im minority has no right to administer the /ro/erty of "6, >hich it does not o>n!

ix!

If the the /ro/er /ro/erty ty o>ned o>ned :y "6 is is assum assumed ed to come come under under Artic Artic9e 9e 2) 'a( of chari charita: ta:9e 9e inst institu ituti tions ons,, the right under Artic9e 2) 'a( cou9d not :e c9aimed :y the 6us9im minority, :ecause the right to

%asha v! $nion of India AI" India AI" 1#)8 S$ G The Aligarh Muslin $niversit' v! Mala' v! Mala' Shukla S+4 !r. (am&i 19 S. Azeez %asha v! Shukla 2%%) Shukla 2%%) '1( A0$ ##2! 20 age 7 of moot /ro/osition! 17


AM 9

maintain, >hich inc9udes the right to administer >i99 on9y arise if the institution has :een esta:9ished :y the re9igious denomination21!

x!

In the case of 2r. 2r. Seastian Manickthan v! State v! State of #erala;; it has :een he9d that minority status cannot :e c9aimed mere9y on the fact that the educationa9 institution is administered :y a minority community! The /roof of the fact of the esta:9ishment of the institution is a condition /recedent for c9aiming the right to administer the institution institution23! It is most hum:9y su:mitted su:mitted that since "!6! >as esta:9ishe esta:9ished d :y the Act of /ar9iament >hich has :een c9ear9y stated in the facts, the mere /9ea of :eing administered :y the minority >ou9d not suffice in granting "!6! the minority status!

xi!

In $nni #rishnan ,.P and 4rs. v! Andhra v! Andhra Pradesh and 4rs;> it >as he9d that in case of State aided minority institutions com/9ete autonomy cannot :e c9aimed! Aid and affi9iation, :oth :y State :ring in some amount of regu9ation as a condition of receiving grant or recognition! ASI0A, J!, has ex/ressed the vie> that if the co99ege is receiving aid out of state funds then it has to a:ide :y the rigor 2*! In re #erala #erala )ducati )ducation on %ill %ill ;< the the S$ said said that that the the fund fundam ament enta9 a9 righ rightt given given to a99 a99 minorities under Artic9e 3% '1( to esta:9ish and administer educationa9 institution of their choice does not mi9itate against the c9aim of the State to insist that in granting aid the

%asha v! $nion of India 1#)8 India 1#)8 AI" ))2! 21 S.Azeez %asha v! 22 2%%# T 238!

ollege v! !elhi !elhi $niversit' $niversit' AI" AI" 1##2 1 S$$ **8! 23 St. Stephen3s ollege v! 24 1##3 AI" 217! 25 Gurpreet Singh Sidhu v! 'infra(! 26 AI" 1#*8 S$ #*)! 18


AM 9

State may /rescri:e reasona:9e regu9ations to ensure the exce99ence of the institutions2728! The right right of minori minority ty to admini administe sterr its education educationa9 a9 instit instituti ution on is not a:so9ut a:so9utee and regu9ations can :e framed :y the State conferring /o>ers on s/ecia9 authority2#! The The "aaha "aahatg tgan an-- 6us9 6us9im im nive nivers rsit ity y had recei receive ved d a9mo a9most st entir entiree funds funds from from the the government! 5ence the /9ea that "6 is administered :y the 6us9im community cannot :e maintained! 5ence grant in aid has :een received :y : y "6 the State of o f oog9istan has to :ring a:out regu9ation in the administration of the niversity! The 6us9im community cannot c9aim com/9ete autonomy in administration!

xii! xii!

It is hum: hum:9y 9y su:mi su:mitte tted d that sect section ion ) of the the "6 Act, Act, 1#78 1#78 c9ear9 c9ear9y y states states that that the the niver niversit sity y is o/en for a99 in matters of admission! 5ence, ever since the ince/tion of the "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity it >as not :iased on the :asis of re9igion! In the matters of admission the university did not /9ace any restriction or uota, hence it cannot :e termed as a minority institution! C. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING MINORTI MINORTI INSTITUTION HAS NOT NOT /EEN FOLLOED

xiii! xiii!

It needs needs to to :e high9ighted high9ighted that section section 2 'f( 'f( of of the $entra9 $entra9 ducatio ducationa9 na9 Instit Institutions utions '"eservati '"eservation on in Admission(, 2%%) defines a minority educationa9 institution as under& 6inority ducationa9 Institution means an institution esta:9ished and administered :y the minorities under c9ause '1( of Artic9e Artic9e 3% of the $onstitution and so dec9ared dec 9ared :y an Act of ar9ia ar9iamen mentt or :y the $entra $entra99 .overn .overnmen mentt or dec9are dec9ared d as a minori minority ty educati educationa9 ona9 institution under the ;ationa9 $ommission for 6inority ducationa9 Institutions Act, 2%%4!

Institute v! State of Tamil Nadu 1##3 3 S$$ *#4! 27 St. ,ohn Teacher3s Training Institute v! Theclamma v! $nion of India '1#78( India '1#78( 2 S$$ *1)! 28 7. Theclamma v! ollege v! Girdharilal , AI" 2%%1 .au! 47! 29 +M St. ,ohn Inter ollege v! 19


AM 9

This Act >as /assed :y the Indian ar9iament and 9ays do>n the /rocedure and the criterion for determination of a minority institution! It is theref therefore ore conc9ud conc9uded ed that that the correc correctt /roced /rocedure ure for determ determinat ination ion of minori minority ty instit instituti utions ons has not :een :een fo99o> fo99o>ed! ed! The niver niversit sity y cannot cannot dec9ar dec9aree itse9f itse9f a minori minority ty educationa9 institution! The status of a minority educationa9 institution has to :e granted :y the $entra9 .overnment! 5ence any action of "!6! under the /9ea of :eing a mino minori rity ty inst instit itut utio ion n canno cannott stand stand >ith >ithout out firs firstt :eing :eing dec9 dec9ar ared ed so :y the the $ent $entra ra99 .overnment, or under the ;$6I Act, 2%%4!

II. II.

HET H ETH HER RAAH RAAHA ATGAN+ GAN+ MUSL MUSLIM IM UNI, UNI,ER ERSI SIT T POSS POSSES ESSE SES S TH THE E RIG RIGHT TO RESER,E SEATS:

The ans>ering res/ondent most deferentia99y su:mits that "6 does not /ossess the right to reserve seats for 6us9im minority!

A. THE RESER,A RESER,ATION OF SEATS SEATS IS ULTRA ULTRA ,IRES ,IRES OF THE RMU ACT% (94;.

20


i!

AM 9

The "aahat "aahatgangan- 6us9im 6us9im niver niversi sity ty Act, Act, 1#78 in c9ear c9ear and 9ucid 9ucid term termss stat states es that that the the niv nivers ersity ity is 07" <0r all in matters of admission3%! This is mentioned in section ) of the "6 Act, 1#78! The Act has :een /assed :y the ar9iament of oog9istan! The Act does not mention any /rovision that ena:9es the university to /ass an ar:itrary action such as reservation of *%? seats! The Act >as /assed >ith the intention of the 9egis9ature to arranted! Such an action is u9tra vires the "6 Act, 1#78!

/. RESER,A RESER,ATION OF SEATS SEATS IN RMU IS ,IOLATI,E ,IOLATI,E OF THE CONSTITUTION. CONSTITUTION.

ii! ii!

Arti Artic9 c9ee 4* of the $ons $onsti titu tuti tion on of oog oog9i 9ist stan an /rohi /rohi:i :its ts disc discri rimi minat natio ion n on the groun grounds ds of re9i re9igi gion on and sex! Biscriminate againstC is maith regard to, distinguish unfavoura:9y form others!31 The ream:9e of the $onstitution of India enshrines Beua9ity of status and o//ortunityC as one of the cherished o:-ectives! iscrimination :ased so9 so9e9y e9y32 on the ground of race, caste, /rofession, re9igion, /9ace of :irth, sex or any other ground is for:idden under Artic9e Artic9e 1*'1(! "eservation on the :asis of re9igion is star< vio9ation vio9ation of the va9ue treasured :y the maarranted as a99 the students of a99 the re9igions shou9d get eua9 o//ortunity! The communa9 re/resentation according to communities has :een discouraged, as it >ou9d offend the cause of Artic9e 1* '1(!33

30 age 7 of the moot /ro/osition!

(a1at v! State v! State of Saurashtra, Saurashtra, AI" 1#*2 S$ 123! 31 #athi (anning (a1at v! Pratap Singh Thakur , AI" 1#)% S$ 12%8 G Air India v! Nargesh v! Nargesh Meerza, Meerza , AI" 32 State of (a&asthan v! Pratap 1#81 S$ 128# G Muthamma G Muthamma .%. /Miss0 /Miss0 v. $nion of Induia, Induia , AI" 1#7# S$ 18)8! v! State of $.P." AI" $.P." AI" 1#*3 S$ 384! G %hopalsingh G %hopalsingh v. State State of (a&asthan (a&asthan,, AI" 1#*8 33 Nain Sukh !as v! State "a-! 41 21


AM 9

This sho>s ho> a reservation on the :asis on9y of re9igion is not /ermitted >ithin the $onstitution of oog9istan!

iii! ii!

It is is hum hum:9 :9y y su: su:m mitte itted d tha thatt in in the the case case of State of Madras v! hampakam v! hampakam !oraira&an?> " it " it >as he9d that the communa9 government order of the 6adras government fixing the /ro/ortion of students of each community that cou9d :e admitted to state educationa9 institutions >as u9tra vires under Artic9e 2#'2(3*! ven Artic9e 1* '4( >hich >as enacted as a resu9t of this case a99o>s reservation for socia99y and educationa99y :ac<>ard c9asses of citi@ens or S$ and ST, >hich is a reasona:9e c9assification! 1*'4( is a mere ena:9ing /rovision creating no right in favour of any /erson, >hi9e Artic9e 2#'2( enunciates a Fundamenta9 "ight to eua9ity in the matter of admission to a /u:9ic educationa9 institution!3) This c9ause offers /rotection to a99 citi@ens, >hether they :e9ong to ma-ority or minority grou/s!37 Artic9e 1*'4( too extended may even destroy the guarantee under Artic9e 1*'1(! 1*'1(!38 iscrimination on the :asis of re9igion is a9so /rohi:ited :y Artic9e 1* of the Indian $onstitution3#! It is su:mitted su:mitted that c9assificat c9assification ion on the :asis of re9igion re9igion is unreasona:9e unreasona:9e c9assification4%! A measure such as reservation on the :asis of re9igion :y the "aahatgan6us9im niversity is on9y going to divide the students of oog9istan and >i99 a9ight the fire of disharmony among them! 34 AI" 1#*1 S$ 22)! 35 Artic9e 2# '2( states that no citi@en sha99 :e denied admission into any educationa9 institution

maintained :y or receiving aid from the state on grounds on9y of re9igion, race, caste, or 9anguage! v! !ean" Govt. Medical ollege ollege,, AI" '1#8*( +om! 1*3! 36 Anil v! !ean" %oma' v! )ducation )ducation Societ' Societ',, '1#**( 1 S$" *)8 & AI" 1#*4 S$ *)1! 37 State of %oma' v! v! Sagar P., P., AI" 1#)8 S$ 137#! 38 State of A.P. v! Sagar 39 rohi:ition of discrimination on grounds of re9igion!

v! State of M.%, M.%, AI" 1#** S$ 334G Nainsukhdas 334G Nainsukhdas v! State v! State of $.P" AI" $.P" AI" 1#*3S$ 384G State of 40 !.P ,oshi v! State (a&asthan v! Pratap v! Pratap Singh AI" Singh AI" 1#)% S$ 12%8! 22


iv! iv!

AM 9

It has has :ee :een n he9 he9d d :y the the un un-a -a:D :D5a 5ary ryan anaa 5ig 5igh h $ou $ourt rt in Gurpreet Singh Sidhu and 4rs. v! Pun&a v! Pun&a $niversit'" handigarh>9 that, 0hat, ho>ever, ho>ever, ca99s for notice herein is that Artic9e 2#'2( is couched in the 9anguage of /rohi:ition >hich is 9imited in terms and not in those of the conferment of a genera9 or generic right of eua9ity! eu a9ity! The /rohi:ition here is s/ecific and confined to four four ground groundss a9one a9one on >hich >hich discri discrimin minati ation on for admiss admission ion into into educati educationa9 ona9 instit instituti utions ons receiving aid out of the State funds is :arred! These are in terms those of re9igion, race, caste and 9anguage! "!6! :ases its reservation on the ground of re 9igion! Such reservation is has :een :arred :y the Su/reme $ourt! The dec9aration of 9a> made :y Su/reme $ourt cannot :e forsa< forsahich /revents discrimination on the :asis of re9igion43!

v!

In St. Stephens ollege v! $niversit' v! $niversit' of !elhi>>, the S$ has he9d that in vie> of the im/ortance >hich the $onstitution attaches to /rotective measures to minorities under Artic9e 3% '1(, the minority aided educationa9 institutions are entit9ed to /refer their community candidatesL It is :rought :efore : efore the notice of this 5onC:9e $ourt that the entit9ement to mahen they are minority aided! The State cannot im/ose any restriction on the right of the minorities to administer educationa9 institutions so 9ong as such institutions are unaided :y the State, exce/t to the 9imited extent that regu9ation can :e made for ensuring exce99ence in education!4*

41 AI" 1#83   5 7% 'F+(!

v! Parasram AI" AI" S$0 373G %rahmo 373G %rahmo Sama& )ducational )ducational Societ' Societ' v! State v! State 42 State of Himachal Pradesh v! Parasram of *est %engal '2%%4( '2%%4( ) S$$ 224! 43 Artic9e 4* of the $onstitution of oog9istan! 44 1##2 1 S$$ **8! 23


AM 9

"6 ho>ever, ho>ever, is not minority aided as after the esta:9ishment esta:9ishment of "6, :y the /assing of the the "6 "6 Act, Act, a9mo a9most st the the entir entiree fund fundss to the the niv niver ersi sity ty >ere >ere /rov /rovid ided ed :y the the .overnment!4) vi!

It has :een he9d :y the Su/rem Su/remee $ourt $ourt in Indra in Indra Sa1hne'>@ and other cases48 that reservation cannot exceed *%?! And the reservation of *%? in these cases >as cumu9ative of a99 socia99y and educa educati tion ona9 a99y 9y :ac<> :ac<>ar ard d in tota tota9! 9! 5enc 5encee rese reserv rvat atio ion n of *%? exc9 exc9us usive ive9y 9y for for 6us9 6us9im imss is unreasona:9e, >hen maximum 9imit has :een set as *%? :y the Su/reme $ourt! It has a9so :een he9d that test for economic :ac<>ardness must :e a//9ied :efore granting reservation4#! 5ence it is su:mitted :efore this 5onoura:9e $ourt that reservation as high as *%? of seats for 6us9ims >ithout having any regard to the a:ove factors >ou9d frustrate the very /ur/ose o f reservation!

vii! vii!

ven ven a minor minorit ity y inst instit itut utio ionC nCss right right to mana manage ge its instit instituti ution on is su:su:-ect ect to 9imita 9imitati tion ons! s! Though Though Artic9e 3% itse9f does not 9ay do>n any 9imitations u/on the right of a minority to administer its educat education iona9 a9 instit instituti utions ons,, this this right right is not a:so9u a:so9ute te*%, :ut :ut must must :e su:su:-ec ectt to reas reason ona: a:9e 9e regu9ations*1 for the :enefit of the institution as the vehic9e of education for the minority

Shingare v! State v! State of Maharashtra" AI" 2%%2 S$ 4)3 G 2rank G 2rank Anthon' Anthon' Pulic School School 45 2ather Thomas Shingare )mplo'ees3 Assocn. $nion $nion v! $nion v! $nion of India, India , AI" 1#87 S$ 311 G Manohar G Manohar Harries *e *elters lters v! %asel v! %asel Mission Higher )ducation entre" entre" !hanad , !hanad , AI" '1##1( S$ 223%! 46 ara 4 of the moot /ro/osition! 47 AI" 1##3 S$ 477!

v! State of M'sore" AI" 1#)3 S$ )4#G (amesh )4#G (amesh hander v! Pun&a v! Pun&a,, )) A! un-! 47)G !.N 47)G !.N 48 M.( %ala&i v! State hanchala v! M'sore" v! M'sore" 1#71 Su//! S$" )%8! -asanth #umar v! State v! State of #arnataka. 49 #. -asanth v! State of Gu&arat , AI" 1#74 S$ 138#! 50 St. 6avier3s ollege v! State v! Govt. of A.P !, !, AI" 1#8% S$ 1%42! 51 All Saints High School v! Govt. 24


AM 9

community*2, consistent >ith the nationa9 interest *3! 6inority communities do not have any higher rights than ma-ority! They They have mere9y :een conferred additiona9 /rotection!*4

C. RESER,A RESER,ATION OF 3'= SEATS SEATS IS UNREASONA/LE

It is su:mitted that *%? reservation for 6us9ims is not constitutiona9! viii viii!!

It >a >as he9 he9d d in in the the cas case of of T.M.A T.M.A Pai 2oundation 2ounda tion v! State v! State of #arnataka  that even if it is /ossi:9e to fi99 u/ a99 the seats >ith students of the minority grou/, if aid is granted to the institution, the institution >i99 have to admit students of nonDminority grou/ to a reasona:9e reasona:9e extent! 5ence, :oth :y the $onstitution and the "6 Act, the reservation of o f *%? of the seats >as unconstitutiona9 and unreasona:9e!

ix!

In orde orderr to sati atisfy the reu reuir irem emen entt of Arti Artic9 c9ee 1*'4 1*'4((, the c9as c9asss must ust :e :oth :oth socia ocia999y and and educationa99y :ac<>ard :ac<>ard!!*) The Su/reme $ourt has he9d that the State >ou9d not :e -ustified in ignoring ignoring a9together a9together the advancement advancement of the rest of the society in its @ea9 to /romote /romote the >e9fare >e9fare of the :ac<>ard c9asses*7! ven the uantum of reservation under 1*'4( shou9d not :e so excessive as to :e Bunreasona:9eC!*8

v! State of Pun&a /II0" AI" 1#71 S$ 1737! 52 !.A.-. ollege v! State v! State of Gu&arat" AI( 9=@> S 9?:= B T.M.A. Pai 2oundation v! State v! State of 53 St. 6avier3s ollege v! State #arnataka AI( AI( ;CC? S ?. School" %al -id'a -id'a Mandir Mandir"" )tah" )tah" $.P. v! $.P. v! $.P. %asic Shiksha Parishad" Allahaad" 54 #en'a ,unior High School" $.P., $.P., '2%%)( 11 S$$ #2, 112, re9ying on P on P.A .A Inamdar v! State v! State of Maharashtra" AI" 2%%* S$ 322). 322) . 55 AI" 2%%3 S$ 3**!

v! Hardam Singh, Singh , AI" 1#8* S$ 1)#* G Tulsamma -. v! Seash v! Seash (eddi, (eddi, '1#77( JS$ 13*nG 56 Partap Singh v! Hardam (a&endran .A. v! $nion v! $nion of India, India , AI" 1#)8 S$ *%7! %ala&i v! State of M'sore, M'sore, AI" 1#)3 S$ )4#! 57 %ala&i v! M'sore , AI" 1#71 S$ 17)2 & '1#71( 2 S$$ 2#3& State of A.P. v! %alaram" v! %alaram" 58 hanchala" !.N. v! State of M'sore, $.S.-." AI" $.S.-." AI" 1#72 S$ 137* & '1#72( 1 S$$ ))%! 25


AM 9

The 6anda9 $ommission re/ort recommended reservation u/to *%? cumu9ative9y for S$, ST and E+$s! 5ence reservation exc9usive9y for 6us9ims as stee/ as *%? is not -ustified even according to the $ommission re/ort!

x!

It is su: su:mi mitt tted ed that that the the :ac<> :ac<>ar ard d c9ass c9asses es in 1* '4( '4( inc9u inc9ude de S$s, S$s, STs STs and and other other soci socia9 a99y 9y and and educationa99y educationa99y :ac<>ar :ac<>ard d c9asses! c9asses! En this /oint /oint the cases cases of State of Andhra Pradesh v! v! $.S.- %alram= and #. and #. -asanth -asanth #umar #uma r v! State v! State of #arnatakaed :y the $ourts! As regards to the 9imit of reservation, the ma-ority has he9d that tota9 reservation sha99 not exceed *%?! "eservation shou9d not :e :ased on a c9assification >hich had no rationa9 re9ation to the o:-ect to :e secured)1! 5ence if reservation has :een restricted to *%? cumu9ative9y for S$s, STs and E+$s, then the same extent of reservation on9y on9 y for one category, i!e, 6us9ims is unreasona:9e!

THE PRAER G A. Periakkaruppan v! State v! State of Tamil Nadu" AI" 1#71 S$ 23%3& '1#71( 1 S$$ 38 59 AI" 1#72 S$ 187* G A. 60 '1#8*( Su// S$$ 714!

v! (. ,aco, ,aco, AI" 1#)4 er 31)G "am #rishna "am #rishna Singh v! State v! State of M'sore AI" M'sore AI" 1#)% 6ys! 61 State of #erala v! (. 388G State of Madras v! hampakam v! hampakam !oraira&an AI" 1#*1 S$ 3743! 26


AM 9

0herefore in the 9ight of the issues raised and arguments advanced, reasons given and authorities cited, this 5onoura:9e $ourt may:e /9eased to&

n ot a minority institution! A. H0l> that "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity is not

/. D"6lar lar" that the reservation of *%? seats :y "aahatgan- 6us9im niversity for 6us9ims

is unconstitutiona9 and cannot :e enforced!

And any other re9ief that this 5onC:9e $ourt may :e /9eased to grant in the interests of -ustice, euity and good conscience!

All of 1hich is respectfull' respectfull' sumitted !

COUNSELS FOR THE RESPONDENT

27

Best and winner team's memo(Respondent)

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