Best and winner team's memo(Petitioner)

- MEMORIAL for the PETITIONER -

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF KOOGLISTAN

FIRST P.A INAMDAR NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETETION Aligarh Muslim Ui!"rsi#$% Aligarh &'()

IN THE MATTER OF*

RAAHATGAN+ RAAHATGAN+ MUSLIM UNI,ERSIT !. EUAL OPPORTUNIT FORUM

1

AM 9


AM 9

TA/LE OF CONTENTS

S"rial N0.

C0#"#

Pag" N0.

1.

Index of Authorities

3

2.

Statement of Jurisdiction

7

3.

Statement of Facts

8

4.

Statement of Issues

11

5.

Summary of Arguments

12

.

Arguments Ad!anced

14

7.

"he #rayer

3$

2


AM 9

INDE1 OF AUTHORITIES

S. NO. 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. . 7. 8. *. 1$. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1. 17. 18. 1*. 2$. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 2. 27. 28. 2*. 3$. 31. 32.

LIST OF CASES A. Thomas !. Thomas !. D D y. Insp. Of Schools %&7' A.(. 214)215 A.M Patroni !. Kesavan !. Kesavan %1*2' %1*2' 2 +er. 478 %F.,' All Saints High School, Hyderaad !. !. State of Andhra Pradesh 1*8$ %2' S-- 478 Andhra Pradesh !hristian Medical Association !. Association !. State of Andhra Pradesh AI Pradesh AI 1*8

S- 14*$ An"ali !. An"ali !. State of #est $engal AI AI 1*52 -a/. 825 Arya Pratinidhi Saha !. $ihar !. $ihar %&58' %&58' A.# 35* Asho% K&mar Tha%&r !. !. 'nion of India %2$$7' India %2$$7' 4 S-- 31 0 %2$$7' 5 J" 27. Associated Managements of Primary and Secondary Seco ndary Schools in Karnata%a !. State of Karnata%a and Ors 2$$8 +..J 1 A(ee( $asha !. 'OI 1*8 AI 2) 1*8 S- %1' 833 $.! S)ain !. # * T Department ) %1*74' A. r. 115 $al Patil !. !. 'nion of India) India) AI 2$$5 S- 3172 $ihar S.M.+ $oard !. M.H.A !. M.H.A !ollege) !ollege) %1**$' 1 S-- 428 $ihar State Madarsa +d&cation $oard Patna !. Managing !. Managing !ommittee of Madarsa Hanfia Araic !ollege %1*8*' Su. 2 S.-. 3** $irendranath &pta !. &pta !. Delhi Delhi Admin. %1**$' Admin. %1**$' 1 S.-.. 8$5 $rahmachari Sidhesh)ar !. !. State of #est $engal ) %1**5' 4 S-- 4 $rahmo Sama" +d&cation Society !. Society !. State of #est $engal %2$$4' %2$$4'  S-- 224 !.M St. -ohn Inter !ollege !. !ollege !. irdharilal ) AI 2$$1 S- 18*1 !harles oson !. oson !. State%&78' State%&78' A.(. 3*$ !hithra hosh and Another !. !. 'OI and others AI 1*7$ S- 352 !hristian Medical !ollege /ellore * Ors !. 'nion !. 'nion Of India And Ors %2$14' 2 S-- 3*2 D.A./ !ollege $hatinda !. $hatinda !. State of P&n"a) P&n"a) AI 1*71 S- 1731 D.0 !hanchala !. !hanchala !. State of Mysore S- Mysore S- %Su.' $8 Dipendranath !. Dipendranath !. $ihar $ihar %&2' %&2' A.# 1$1 %F.,.' Director of S.+., T.0. T.0. !. !. .Arogiasamy, %&71' .Arogiasamy, %&71' A.(. 44$ &"arat 'niversity !. 'niversity !. Krishna Krishna ag&nath M&dhol%ar %1*3' %1*3' Su. 1 S.-.. 112 Hari Mander"i !. Mander"i !. Magadh Magadh 'niversity %&77' 'niversity %&77' A. #at 1117 Hyderaad Asestos !ement Prod&ct Prod&ct !. !. 'nion of India 2$$$ India 2$$$ %1' S-- 42' Ind&lal Hiralal Shah !. Shah !. S.S Salgaon%ar AI AI 1*83 ,om. 1*2 Ish)ar Singh $indra !. $indra !. State of 'ttar Pradesh AI Pradesh AI 1*8 S- 14$ -agdish Saran !. 'nion !. 'nion of India %1*8$' 2 S-- 78 -oseph Thomas !. Thomas !. Kerala Kerala AI AI 1*58 +er. 33 K.O. /ar%ey /ar%ey !. State %&*' State %&*' A. +er. 1*1 3


33. 34. 35. 3. 37. 38.

K.S - ayasri !. ayasri !. Kerala Kerala %7' %7' A. S-. 2381) %1*77' 1 S.-. 1*4 Katra +d&cation Society ! Society !.. '.P %1*' %1*' 3 S.-.. 328 1ily K&rian !. K&rian !. St. 1e)ina) 1e)ina) AI 1*7* S- 52 M. $ala"i !. $ala"i !. State of Mysore) Mysore) %1*3' Su. 1 S.-. 43* Malan%ara Syrian !atholic !ollege !. T. -ose 2$$7 AI S- 132 Managing $oard of the Milli Talimi Talimi Mission $ihar * ors. ors. !. State of $ihar * ors.

3*. 4$.

1*84 %4' S-- 5$$ Mar% 0etto ! 0etto !.. ovt. of Kerala) Kerala) AI 1*7* S- 83 M!D of Delhi !. Delhi !. Te% !hand $hatia AI $hatia AI 1*8$ S- 3$

41.

Moosa !. Moosa !. Kerala Kerala AI AI 1*$ +er. 355

42.

M&slim An"&man2e2Taleem An"&man2e2Taleem !. !. $ihar $ihar 'niversity %&7' A.# 148

43.

%1**8'  S-- 74' 0. Ammad !. +m"ay High School %1**8'

44.

0.P 'nnimoyin K&tty !. K&tty !. Asst. Asst. +d&cational Officer ) AI 1*84) +er. 124

45.

#. a"endran #. a"endran !. !. Madras Madras %8' %8' A. S-. 1$12) %1*8' 2 S.-. 78

4.

P. P. Sagar !. !. State %&8' State %&8' A.A.#. 15)1734

47.

P. P. S&ndarsan ! S&ndarsan !.. A.P %&58' %&58' A.A.#. 5*

48.

P.A P.A Inamdar !. State !. State of Maharashtra %2$$5'  S-- 537

4*.

AM 9

Pramati +d&cational * !<&ral Tr&st Tr&st * Ors. Ors. !. 'nion !. 'nion of India * Ors %2$14' 8 S-1

5$.

. !hitrale%ha !. Mysore !. Mysore)) 1*4  S.-. 38) 3*

51.

!. A. Ant&lay AI .S 0aya% !. A. Ant&lay AI 1*84 S- 84

52.

e Kerala +d&cation $ill ) AI 1*58 S- *5

53.

ev. 3ather 3ather #. Proost !. !. State of $ihar ) AI 1** S- 45

54.

S.K Patro ! Patro !.. $ihar %1*7$' %1*7$' 1 S.-.. 172

55.

Sam&el !. District !. District +d&cation Officer ) AI 1*82 A.# 4

5.

Satimla Sharma * Ors ! Ors ! St.Pa&l Sr.Secondary Sr.Secondary School * Ors 456778 79 S!! :;6

57.

Shri Krishna !. &"arat 'niversity %&2' 'niversity %&2' A. 6u. 88 %F.,.'

58.

!. Shri -&stice S. . Tendol%ar Shri am Krishna Dalmia !. Shri Tendol%ar * Others AI 1*58 S- 538

5*.

Sidhra"hai !. Sidhra"hai !. &"arat %1*3' %1*3' 3 S.-. 837

$.

Sindhi +d&cational Society !. Society !. !hief Secretary, ovt. of 0!T %2$1$' 8 S-- 4*

4


AM 9

1.

S%aria 3rancis !. 3rancis !. State %7' State %7' A. +er. 128

2.

Smt. 0anda hosh Dastidar !. !. &r& 0ana% +d&cation +d&ca tion Tr&st %&84' A. -a/. 4$

3.

Smt. 0eel& Agra)al !. D.I.O.S. !. D.I.O.S. And Ors 2$$4 Ors 2$$4 %3' A- 234

4.

Society Society for 'naided Private Private Schools Schools of a"asthan !. 'nion of India * Anr, 2$12' Anr, 2$12'  S-- 1$2

5.

Sri -ain S)etamar Terapanthi /idyalaya /idyalaya !. !. #est $engal ) AI 1*82 -a/. 1$1

.

St. Stephens !ollege !. !ollege !. 'niversity of Delhi %1**2' Delhi %1**2' 1 S-- 558

7.

St.
8.

State of $ihar !. !. Syed Asad a(a) a(a) AI 1**7 S- 2425

*.

State of H.P. !. H.P !. H.P.. State ecognised * ecognised * Aided Schools Schools Managing Managing !ommittees !ommittees and Others 9%1**5' 4 S-- 5$7:

7$.

State of Himachal Pradesh !. Pradesh !. Parasram Parasram AI AI S- 373

71.

State of Kerala !. Mother !. Mother Provincial AI 1*7$ S- 2$7*

72.

State of Kerala !. Kerala !. 0.M 0.M Thomas) Thomas) AI 1*7 S- 4*$

73.

S&hashini !. S&hashini !. State %' State %' A. (ys. 4$

74.

S&dhindra !handra Mali% !. $ihar !. $ihar ) AI 1*82 #at. 142

75.

T.K./.T.S.S. Medical +d&cational * !haritale Tr&st !. !. State of Tamil 0ad& AI 0ad& AI 2$$2 (adras 42

7.

T.M.A T.M.A Pai 3o&ndation !. State !. State of Karnata%a AI 2$$3 S- 355

77.

'.P !. Pradeep !. Pradeep Tandon Tandon %1*75' %1*75' 2 S.-. 71) %75' A. S-. 53

78.

'niversity of Madras !. Madras !. Shantha $ai) $ai) AI 1*52 (ad. 7

7*.

/./ iri ! iri !.. Depala S&ri Dora %1*$' Dora %1*$' 1. S.-.. 42) %&5*' A.S-. A.S-. 1318

8$.

/i"ayla%shmi !. /i"ayla%shmi !. P&n"a P&n"a 'niversity and others. others. %2$$3' 8 S-- 44$

81.

#.$. 4State8 !. 4State8 !. &r& 0ana% +d&cation Tr&st Tr&st %&87' %&87' A. -a/. 232

S.NO.

/OOKS REFERRED

1.

;. ;. ,asu) Shorter !onstit&tion of India, "hirteenth
5


AM 9

2.

(.#.Jain) Indian !onstit&tional 1a), Fifth
3.

#andey J.>.) The !onstit&tional 1a) of India, Forty ninth
4.

Seer!ai ?.( ) !onstit&tional 1a) of India) India) Fourth
5.

Shu@/a .>.) !onstit&tion of India) India) >inth
S.NO.

STATUTES REFERRED

1.

"he -onstitution of India) 1*5$

2.

>-(
STATEMENT OF +URISDICTION

"he etitioners aea/ in the resent case under Ar#i2l" (3) of the -onstitution of +oog/istan to initiate the resent roceedings in the sureme court of +oog/istan

Ar#i2l" (3)* s4"2ial l"a!" #0 a44"al 5$ #h" Su4r"m" C0ur#

%1' >otBi >otBithst thstanding anding anything anything in this chater) chater) the Surem Suremee -ourt may) in its discretion discretion grant secia/ /ea!e to aea/ from any udgment) decree) determination) sentence or order in any cause or matter assed or made =y any court or tri=una/ in the territory of India. %2' >othin >othing g in c/ause c/ause %1' sha// a/y to any udgment) udgment) determina determinatio tion) n) senten sentence ce or order order assed or made =y any court or tri=una/ constituted =y or under any /aB re/ating to the Armed Forces.

6


AM 9

STATEMENT OF FACTS

I

"he State of +oog/istan had a ou/ation of 17C (us/ims. (r. ( SaeeduDDaman Bas a socia/ reformer Bho Bas concerned Bith the condition of (us/ims Bho Bere socia//y margina/iDed and educationa//y =ac@Bard and Bere !ery oor Bhich /aced o=stac/es =efore them to enoy /ife Bith =asic amenities. (r. SaeeduDDaman Bith the he/ of non (us/im friends and a /and gi!en on /ease from the go!ernment esta=/ished the (ohammedan -o//ege) aahatgan in 1*55. "he founder high/ighted the aim for the esta=/ishment of "he -o//ege as educationa/ =ac@Bardness of (us/ims) /ac@ of ro!isions for re/igious instructions in the Institutions run =y the S tate and Bish of the (us/im community to esta=/ish a uni!ersity for (us/ims. "he -o//ege Bas run =y (ohammedan -o//ege Society. Societ y. II

In 1*8 (us/ims (us/ims
7


AM 9

uni!er uni!ersit sity y must must =e at ar Bith Bith go!ernm go!ernment ent instit instituti utions ons.. ?erein ?ereinaft after er the ni!er ni!ersit sity y funds funds -ommittee and ni!ersity Foundation -ommittee Bere found. III

In ;ecem=er 1*7$) the go!ernment agreed to con!ert "he -o//ege into a (us/im uni!ersity. In 1*71) 1*71) (us/ (us/im im ni! ni!er ersi sity ty asso associ ciat atio ion n Bas Bas foun founded ded to gi!e gi!e rac racti tica ca// sha shaee to con!e con!ert rt (ohammedan -o//ege into a (us/im uni!ersity. After this) the aahatgan (us/im ni!ersity Act) 1*78 Bas assed =y the #ar/iament. A// committees of the (ohammedan -o//ege Bere disso/!ed and a// the mo!a=/e and immo!a=/e roerties oBned =y the -o//ege Bere transferred to the neB/y esta=/ished (us/im ni!ersity. A// the rights) oBers and ri!i/eges of the Society a/ong Bith de=ts) /ia=i/ities and o=/igations Bere transferred to the said ni!ersity under the Act of 1*78.

I,

"he aahatgan (us/im ni!ersity Act) 1*78 dec/ared that the ni!ersity is Goen for a//& in matters of admission Bith recogniDed degrees) di/omas and certificates. "he Act a/so dec/ared that the ni!ersity Bas a/so emoBered to romote orienta/ Is/amic studies and gi!e re/igious instruction in Is/amic theo/ogy) romote study of re/igions) ci!i/iDations and the cu/ture of +oog/istan) and to romote educationa/ and cu/tura/ ad!ancement of (us/ims. ,

"he "he mem= mem=er ersh shi i of Finan Finance ce -omm -ommit itte tee) e) Acade Academi micc -ounc -ounci/ i/))
8


AM 9

In 2$$1) a neB -onstitution Bas adoted in +oog/istan that ro!ided for0 #rohi=ition of discrimination in fa!our or against on the ground of re/igion and sex %under Artic/e 45' and ro!ided for the conser!ation of scrit) /anguage and cu/ture and guaranteed the right to esta=/ish esta=/ish and administer administer educationa/ educationa/ institution institution of their choice to the minorities minorities %under Artic/e 5$'. ,II

In the /ight of Artic/e 45 of the -onstitution) the statutes dea/ing Bith the comosition of the ni!ersity court Bas amended and the mem=ershi Bas oened for the fo//oBers of any re/igion. ?oBe!er the resence of non(us/im mem=ers sti// remained margina/.

,III

In Fe=ruary 2$$7) the ni!ersity due to the dec/ining num=er of (us/im students aro!ed the reser!ation of 5$C seats for (us/ims. After admissions according to the aforesaid o/icy the non(u non(us/i s/im m student studentss Bho oined oined the engine engineeri ering ng co//eg co//egee fe/t fe/t aggrie! aggrie!ed) ed) formed formed an
9


AM 9

STATEMENT OF ISSUES

"?< F FI>6 I>6 ISSSI; ->SI;<A <A" "I> ,&,< S#<(< -" F +6IS"A>0

I.

6HET 6H ETHE HER R RAA RAAHA HAT TGAN+ GAN+ MUSLI MUSLIM M UNI, UNI,ER ERSIT SIT  IS A MINO MINORIT RIT  INST INSTIT ITUT UTIO ION7 N7

A. het hether her aah aahat atgan gan (us/ (us/im im ni! ni!er ersi sity ty Bas Bas esta esta=/ =/is ishe hed d =y the the mem= mem=er erss of the the (us/ (us/im im community ,. hether hether aahatgan aahatgan (us/im ni!ersity ni!ersity is administer administered ed =y the mem=ers mem=ers of (us/im community community

II.

6HET 6H ETHE HER R THE THE RAHA RAHAT TGAN+ GAN+ MUS MUSLI LIM M UNI, UNI,ER ERSI SIT T POSS POSSES ESSE SES S THE THE RIGH RIGHT T TO TO RESER,E THE SEATS7

10


AM 9

A. hether hether =eing a minority minority institution institution .(. .(. has the right to reser!e reser!e seats ,. hether hether the reser!ation reser!ation of seats seats is a !io/ation of the -onstitut -onstitution ion of +oog/istan +oog/istan -. hether hether 5$C reser!ation reser!ation is -onstit -onstitution utiona/ a/

SUMMAR OF ARGUMENTS

I.

6HET 6H ETHE HER R RAAH RAAHA ATGAN+ GAN+ MUSL MUSLIM IM UNI, UNI,ER ERSI SIT T IS A MINOR MINORIT IT 

INSTITUTION7

a.

In the reso/ reso/uti ution on for the the formati formation on of the (us/im (us/im ni!e ni!ersi rsity ty)) aahat aahatgan gan

%hereinafter (') it Bas c/ear/y stated that this residentia/ uni!ersity Bou/d =e ure/y (us/im in character. "he ru/es and regu/ations Bi// =e in conformity Bith the re/igious rinci/es of Is/amK. ?ence ( is a minority institution) @eeing in !ieB the fact that (us/ims form on/y 17C of the ou/ation of +oog/istan and are hence in minority.

=.

In ;ecem=er 1*7$) the go!ernment of +oog/istan had agreed to con!ert

the -o//ege into a (us/im uni!ersity. ?ence) since the go!ernment had consented to gi!e ( a minority status) the same cannot =e de=ated noB.

11


c.

AM 9

( is is a minorit minority y instit instituti ution on Be// Be// Bithin Bithin the the meaning meaning of the the sectio section n 4 of

the ( Act) 1*78. ?ence ( is de ure a minority institution) the status of minority gi!en to it =y the #ar/iament of +oog/istan.

d.

"he rati ratio o deciden decidendi di of the the ?igh -our -ourt& t&ss decisi decision on Bas0 Bas0 ( ( Bas neit neither her

esta=/ished) nor =eing administered =y the (us/im communityK. "his !ieB cannot ho/d good on tBo grounds. First/y) section 8 of the ( Act) restricted the mem=ershi of ni!er ni!ersit sity y -ourt -ourt to (us/im (us/ims) s) and e!en after after amendm amendment ent)) the mem=ers mem=ershi hi remain remained ed /arge/y (us/im. ?ence ( Bas de facto administered =y (us/ims. Second/y) section 4 of the ( Act defines ni!ersity as educationa/ institution of their choice esta=/ished =y (us/ims of +oog/istanK. ?ence ( is =oth administered and esta=/ished =y (us/ims.

II.

6HETHER

/EING

A

MINORIT

INSTITUTION%

RAAHATGAN+

MUSLIM

UNI,ERSIT POSSESS THE RIGHT TO RESER,E SEATS7

a. "he Sureme Sureme -ourt -ourt of has a//oBed a//oBed 5$C reser!a reser!ation tion in minori minority ty instituti institutions ons in many cases) cases) and hence the same is constitutiona/. ?ence ( ossesses the right to reser!e seats =y !irtue of recedents /aid doBn =y the ?on&=/e Sureme -ourt.

=. "he 5$C reser!ation of seats is Be// in @eeing Bith the neB/y enacted -onstitution Bhich c/ear/y ro!ides in Artic/e 5$ the right of minorities to administer and esta=/ish educationa/ institution of their choice. ?ence choice has =een gi!en to the minorities to reser!e the seats in minority institutions esta=/ished =y them.

12


AM 9

c. "he "he righ rightt to eHua/ eHua/it ity y is a fund fundam amen enta ta// righ right. t. >e!e >e!ert rthe/ he/es esss the the -ons -onsti titu tuti tion on ro! ro!id ides es for for affirmati!e action =ecause of economic and socia/ =ac@Bardness of a certain section of the society. "herefore to gi!e effect to the -onstitutiona/ ro!ision for affirmati!e action) 5$C of reser!ation is reHuired for the minority. ( is an institution esta=/ished =y the State of +oog/istan. ?ence reser!ation of seats =y Bay of affirmati!e is intra !ires the oBers ossessed =y (.

ARGUMENTS AD,ANCED

I.

6HET 6H ETHE HER R RAA RAAHA HAT TGAN+ GAN+ MUSLI MUSLIM M UNI, UNI,ER ERSIT SIT  IS A MINO MINORIT RIT  INST INSTIT ITUT UTIO ION7 N7

"he etiti etitioner oner most most deferen deferentia tia//y //y su=mit su=mitss that that aahat aahatgan gan (us/im (us/im ni!er ni!ersit sity y is a minority institution as it Bas esta=/ished =y minorities and is administered =y minorities. A. RAAHATG RAAHATGAN+ AN+ MUSLIM UNI,ERSIT UNI,ERSIT HAS HAS /EEN ESTA/LISHE ESTA/LISHED D / MUSLIMS.

#rotection of minorities is the ha//mar@ of ci!i/iDationK. L (ahatma 6andhi i.

It has has =een =een he/d he/d that that the mat mater eria ia// facto factorr to attr attract act Artic rtic/e /e 3$ %1' %1'1 is the esta=/ishment of the institution =y the minority concerned2. "he etitioner most resectfu//y su=mits that since the

1 A// minorities) Bhether =ased on re/igion or /anguage) sha// ha!e the right to esta=/ish and administer

educationa/ institutions of their choice. Mali% !. $ihar $ihar ) AI 1*82 #at. 142 Dipendranath 142 Dipendranath !. !. $ihar $ihar %&2' %&2' A.# 1$1 %F.,.' 2 S&dhindra !handra Mali% !. Arya Pratinidhi Pratinidhi Saha !. $ihar !. $ihar %&58' %&58' A.# 35* Shri Krishna !. &"arat !. &"arat 'niversity %&2' A. 6u. 88 %F.,.' &"arat 'niversity !. Krishna !. Krishna ag&nath ag&nath M&dhol%ar %1*3' %1*3' Su. 1 S.-.. 112. 13


AM 9

!ery incetion of the (ohammedan -o//ege aahatgan) the urose of esta=/ishing the co//ege had =een the socia/ and educationa/ =ac@Bardness of (us/ims of +oog/istan. 3 In order order to imro! imro!ee the /i!ing /i!ing conditi conditions ons of (us/im (us/ims) s) (r. (r. Saeedu SaeeduDDam DDaman an had decided decided to educate them4. At the foundation /aying ceremony) the asects for esta=/ishment of the -o//ege that Bere high/ighted Bere0
-ommittees Bere formed. "he ni!ersity Funds -ommittee for co//ecting funds to esta=/ish the ni!ersity ni!ersity)) and the ni!ersity ni!ersity Foundation -ommittee -ommittee for con!erting con!erting (ohammedan (ohammedan -o//ege) aahatgan into a (us/im ni!ersity. After the 6o!ernment agreed in 1*7$ to con!ert con!ert the -o//eg -o//egee into into a (us/im (us/im uni!er uni!ersit sity y) another another committ committee ee G(us/i G(us/im m ni!er ni!ersit sity y Association& Bas founded to gi!e ractica/ shae for con!erting the -o//ege into .(.. A// of the a=o!e facts /ead to one conc/usion that .(. Bas esta=/ished =y (us/ims) for (us/ims.

3 #age  of the moot roosition. 4 I=id. 5 Id. 6 #age 8 of the moot roosition. 7 I=id. 8 #age 7 of moot roosition. 14


ii.

AM 9

In State of Kerala v. Mother Provincial > it has =een he/d that a Society or a "rust consisting of e!en a sing/e mem=er of minority community may esta=/ish an institution. It matters not if a sing/e hi/anthroic indi!idua/ Bith his oBn means) institution or the community at /arge founds the institution or the community at /arge contri=utes the funds. "he osition in /aB is the same and the i#"#i0 i "i#h"r 2as" mus# 5" #0 :0u8 a is#i#u#i0 :0r #h" 5"":i# 0: a mi0ri#$ 20mmui#$ =y a mem=er of that communityK. "he Sureme -ourt has therefore

recogniDed the right of the minority to esta=/ish and administer and institution of their choice1$. ight to education is a fundamenta/ right 11. "his right a/so =e/ongs to the (us/im minority. And it has a/so =een he/d that right under Artic/e 3$ %1' is a fundamenta/ right dec/ared dec/ared in terms a=so/ute a=so/ute12. "he institution) that is .(. in this case) Bas a=so/ute/y intended to =e for the =enefit of the (us/ims. "his is seen in the reso/ution =y the (us/im
!. State of P&n"a) !. Syed Asad a(a) $hatinda !. P&n"a ) AI 1*71 S- 1731 State of $ihar !. a(a ) AI 10 D.A./ !ollege $hatinda 1**7 S- 2425 $rahmachari 2425 $rahmachari Sidhesh)ar Sidhesh)ar !. !. State of #est $engal ) $engal ) %1**5' 4 S-- 4 St.

iii. iii.

AM 9

"he "he .(. .(. Act) Act) 1*78 1*78 in under under secti section on 14 /ays /ays doBn that that the ni! ni!er ersi sity ty is emo emoBe Bere red d to 4r0m0#" "s4"2iall$ "8u2a#i0al a8 2ul#ural a8!a2"m"# 0: Muslims 0: K00glis#a K14. "his right is a/so uhe/d =y the Sureme -ourt in that the o=ect of Artic/e 3$ %1' is to ena=/e the chi/dren of minorities to go out in the Bor/d fu//y eHuied. It Bi// =e Brong to read read Artic Artic/e /e 3$ %1' as restri restricti cting ng the right right of minori minoritie tiess to esta=/i esta=/ish sh15 and administer administer educationa/ institutions of their choice on/y to cases Bhere such institutions are concerned Bith /anguage) scrit or cu/ture of minoritiesK. minoritiesK.1 It Bas conc/uded from the a=o!e facts that ( has =een esta=/ished for the (us/ims. It is therefore therefore a minority minority institution. institution. It is su=mitted su=mitted that ( Bas esta=/ished esta=/ished in the exercise of this fundamenta/ right guaranteed under Artic/e 3$.

i!. i!.

It is su=m su=mitt itted ed that that section section 4 of the the aahatg aahatgan an (us/i (us/im m ni!er ni!ersit sity y Act) Act) 1*78) 1*78) has has defined defined the the ni!ersity as) ni!ersity means the educationa/ institution of their choice esta=/ished =y the (us/ims of +oog/istan Bhich originated as (ohammedan -o//ege aahatgan and Bhich Bas su=seHuent/y incororated as .(. aahatganK17. ?ence the !ery Act that Bas enacted =y the #ar/iament of +oog/istan mentions the Bords "s#a5lish"8 5$ #h" Muslims 0: K00glis#a K. "his ro!es it =eyond dou=t that it is =y the endea!ours and efforts of (us/ims that .(. has =een esta=/ished. "he etitioner hum=/y su=mit to the fact that grants had =een recei!ed from the 6o!ernment in the esta=/ishment of .(.. ?oBe!er in site of this fact) .(. remains a minority

14 #age 7 of moot roosition.

Mander"i !. Magadh Magadh 'niversity 'niversity %&77' %&77' A. #at 1117 Katra Katra +d&cation Society Society ! !.. '.P %1*' %1*' 3 15 Hari Mander"i !. S.-.. 328 #.$. 4State8 !. 4State8 !. &r& 0ana% +d&cation Tr&st %&87' Tr&st %&87' A. -a/. 232 Smt. 0anda hosh Dastidar !. Dastidar !. &r& 0ana% +d&cation Tr&st %&84' Tr&st %&84' A. -a/. 4$ !ollege !.. State of &"arat ) AI 1*74 S- 138*. 16 St.

AM 9

instit instituti ution) on) ha!ing =een esta=/ esta=/ish ished ed =y the (us/ims (us/ims.. It has =een he/d in the case of P of P..A Inamdar !. !. State of Maharashtra7? that a minority institution does not cease to =e so) the moment grantinaid is recei!ed =y the institutionK. A minority educationa/ institution comes to =e so Bhether 6o!ernment dec/ares it as such or not1*. It has =een he/d =y the Sureme -ourt that an institution set u =y minorities for educating mem=ers of the minority community does not cease to =e a minority institution mere/y =ecause it ta@es aid.2$ "here "here is nothing nothing in Artic/ Artic/ee 3$%1' Bhich Bhich a//oBs a//oBs the draBing draBing of a distinction in the exercise of the right under that Artic/e =etBeen needy minorities and aff/uent ones. Artic/e 3$%2' of the -onstitution reinforces this Bhen it says) M"he State sha// not) not) in granti granting ng aid to educat education iona/ a/ insti institut tution ions) s) discri discrimi minate nate against against any educati educationa/ ona/ institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority) Bhether =ased on re/igion or /anguageM. "hus "hus)) e!en e!en afte afterr the the gran grantt of aid aid =y the the Stat Statee to an educat educatio iona/ na/ inst instit itut utio ion n under under the the manag managem ement ent of the the mino minori rity ty)) the the educa educati tiona ona// inst instit itut utio ion n conti continue nuess to =e a minor minorit ity y educationa/ institution.

!.

In T.M.A Pai 3o&ndation !. State !. State of Karnata%a57 it Bas he/d Bhen NaidN is sought for =y the minority institution to run its institution for the =enefit of students =e/onging to that articu/ar community) the argument on the =asis of Artic/e 2*%2' is that if such an institution as@s for aid it does so at the  eri/ of deri!ing the !ery ersons for Bhom aid Bas as@ed for in the first /ace. Aart from this anoma/ous resu/t) if the ta@ing of aid im/ies that the minority institution Bi// =e forced to gi!e u or Bai!e its right under Artic/e 3$%1') then on the

18 %2$$5'  S-- 537.

!. State of Andhra Pradesh AI 14*$ 0. Ammad !hristian Medical Medical Association Association !. Pradesh AI 1*8 S- 14*$ 0. Ammad !. 19 Andhra Pradesh !hristian +m"ay High School %1**8' %1**8'  S-- 74' Smt. 0eel& Agra)al !. D.I.O.S. !. D.I.O.S. And Ors 2$$4 Ors 2$$4 %3' A- 234.

!ollege !. 'niversity of Delhi %1**2' Delhi %1**2' 1 S-- 558. 20 St. Stephens !ollege !. 21 AI 2$$3 S- 355. 17


AM 9

rinci/e that it is not ermissi=/e to gi!e u or Bai!e fundamenta/ rights) such an interretation is not ossi=/eK. It is su=mitted that the right to esta=/ish and administer educationa/ institutions 22 of their choice =y the minorities is the most unassai/a=/e of rights a fundamenta/ right. "he same cannot =e Bai!ed under a c/aim such as ha!ing recei!ed grant from the go!ernment.

!i.

"he Sureme -ourt has further o=ser!ed in the case of P.A P.A.. Inamdar !. Stat Statee of Maharashtra59 that the o=ect under/ying Artic/e 3$%1' is to see the desire of minorities =eing fu/fi//ed that their chi/dren shou/d =e =rought u roer/y and efficient/y and acHuire e/igi=i/ity for higher uni!ersity education and go out in the Bor/d fu//y eHuied Bith such inte// inte//ect ectua/ ua/ attain attainmen ments ts as Bi// Bi// ma@e ma@e them them fit for enterin entering g u=/ic u=/ic ser!ic ser!ices) es) educati educationa/ ona/ institutions imarting higher instructions inc/uding genera/ secu/ar educationK. In the case of T.M.A T.M.A Pai 3o&nda 3o&ndatio tion n !. !. State of Karnata%a5@ +hanna) J. then examined Artic/e 3$) as fo//oBs M-/ause %1' of Artic/e 3$ gi!es right to a// minorities) Bhether =ased on re/igion or /anguage) to esta=/ish and administer administer educationa/ institutions institutions of their choice. Ana/yDing that c/ause it Bou/d fo//oB that the right Bhich has =een conferred =y the c/ause is no tBo tyes of minorities. "hose minorities may =e =ased either on re/igion or on /anguage. "he right conferred conferred uon the said minorities minorities is to esta=/ish esta=/ish and administer administer educationa/ educationa/ instituti institutions ons of their choiceK. ?ence the S- has not ust recognised =ut romoted the right of minority to esta=/ish and administer educationa/ institutions for the minorities. It has =een he/d that the dec/aration of

#. Proost Proost !. !. State of $ihar ) AI 1** S- 45. 22 ev. 3ather #. 23 AI 2$$5 S- 323. 24 Sura. 18


AM 9

/aB made =y the Sureme -ourt cannot =e forsa@en) under any retext =y any authority25. It is su=mitted therefore that this right shou/d =e uhe/d.

/. RAAH RAAHA ATGAN+ AN+

MUSL MUSLIM IM

UNI, NI,ERSI ERSIT T

IS

ADMIN DMINIS ISTE TERE RED D

/

MUSLIMS

!ii. !ii.

It is most most resec resectf tfu/ u//y /y su=mit su=mitte ted d that that aahat aahatga gan n (us/im (us/im ni!e ni!ers rsit ity y is admin adminis iste tere red d =y (us/im (us/ims. s. "he admini administr strati ati!e !e office officess such such as Finance Finance -ommitt -ommittee) ee) Academ Academic ic -ounci/ -ounci/))
!. Parasram AI AI S- 373) $rahmo 373) $rahmo Sama" +d&cation +d&cation Society !. Society !. State of 25 State of Himachal Pradesh !. Parasram #est $engal %2$$4' %2$$4'  S-- 224. 26 #age 8 of the moot roosition. 27 #age 7 of moot roosition there Bas on/y a srin@/ing resence of non(us/im mem=ers in other

authoritiesK. 28 AI 1*58 S- *5. 19


!iii !iii..

AM 9

It is su=mit su=mitte ted d that that under under sectio section n 1$ of the aahat aahatga gan n (us/i (us/im m ni!er ni!ersi sity ty Act) Act) 1*78) 1*78) the authorities of the ni!ersity are emoBered to ma@e Statutes) rdinances and egu/ations for smooth conduct of affairs of the ni!ersity 2*. (oreo!er it has =een he/d that minority has the right to administer minority institutions.3$ In Associated Managements of Primary and Secondary Schools in Karnata%a !. State of Karnata%a and Ors. Ors.31 that of their choiceK shoBs the !ast discretion and otion Bhich minorities ha!e in se/ecting the tye of the institution Bhich they Bant to esta=/ish.K ?ence a Bide discretion has =een gi!en to the minority institutions for administration. "he administrati!e offices Bere a/most in entirety he/d =y (us/ims) and) the same administration has =een emoBered de ure to ma@e Statutes) rdinances and egu/ations. "herefore it is as e!ident as ossi=/e that administration of the ni!ersity is in the hands of the (us/im community.

ix. ix.

It hum=/y hum=/y su=m su=mit itte ted d that as er er the >-(-(-(
29 #age 7 of moot roosition. 30 Sindhi +d&cational Society !. !hief Secretary, ovt. of 0!T %2$1$' 8 S-- 4*. 31 2$$8 +..J 1. 32 Section 2 %g' of >-(
See Hyderaad Asestos Asestos !ement Prod&ct Prod&ct !. !. 'nion of India 2$$$ India 2$$$ %1' S-- 42' 33 See Hyderaad See Ish)ar Singh $indra $indra !. !. State of 'ttar Pradesh AI 1*8 S- 14$ M!D 14$ M!D of Delhi !. Delhi !. Te% !hand 34 See Ish)ar $hatia AI $hatia AI 1*8$ S- 3$. 20


AM 9

II. 6HETHER /EING A MINORIT INSTITUTION R.M.U POSSESSES A RIGHT TO RESER,E SEATS7

It is su=mitted =y that aahatgan (us/im ni!ersity ossesses a right to reser!e seats for the mem=ers of the (us/im community.

A. R.M.U /EING /EING A MINORIT MINORIT INSTIT INSTITUTI UTION ON HAS THE RIGHT RIGHT TO RESER, RESER,E E SEATS

i. It is hum=/y su=mitted that under Artic/e 3$ %1' of the -onstitution it has =een /aid doBn0 Any section of the citiDens residing in the territory of India or any art thereof ha!ing a distinct /anguage) scrit or cu/ture of its oBn sha// ha!e the right to conser!e the same.K Artic/e 3$ %1' has =een uhe/d in many cases.35 "his !ery ro!ision ena=/es .(. to conser!e the /anguage) scrit and cu/ture of the (us/im minority. "he test is Bhether the institution does in any manner ser!e or romote the interests of the minority to Bhich it c/aims to =e/ong3. "he reser!ation Bas made =ecause of the dec/ining num=er of (us/im students in .(.37. For this same reason .(. has the right to reser!e seats for the 0etto !. Kerala Kerala %&7*' %&7*' A. S.-. 83 !harles oson !. oson !. State%&78' State%&78' A.(. 3*$ $ihar 3*$ $ihar State Madarsa Madarsa 35 Mar% 0etto !. +d&cation $oard $oard Patna !. Patna !. Managing Managing !ommittee !ommittee of Madarsa Hanfia Hanfia Araic Araic !ollege %1*8*' Su. 2 S.-. 3** $irend 3** $irendranath ranath &pta !. &pta !. Delhi Delhi Admin. Admin. %1**$' 1 S.-.. 8$5. !. District +d&cation +d&cation Officer ) AI 1*82 A.# 4 0.P 4 0.P 'nnimoyin K&tty K&tty !. !. Asst. Asst. +d&cational +d&cational 36 Sam&el !. District Officer ) AI 1*84) +er. 124. 37 #age 8 of moot roosition. 21


AM 9

(us/ims. "he !ery urose of .(. Bou/d =e rendered redundant if (us/ims cou/d not =enefit from it sufficient/y. sufficient/y.

ii. It has =een he/d that Bhen mem=ers of the minority donated a considera=/e sum of money for esta=/ishing the institution and the institution Bas =eing run to romote the cu/tur cu/turee and re/igi re/igious ous tenets tenets of the minori minority ty rima rimari/ ri/y y a/ong a/ong Bith Bith secu/a secu/arr educati education on imarted to the ui/s) a maority of Bhom =e/onged to the minority in Huestion. "he institution Bas he/d entit/ed to the =enefit of Artic/e 3$%1'38. So) the .(. going =y this ratio shou/d =e gi!en a// rights under Artic/e 3$%1'. ,y !irtue of =eing emoBered =y Artic/e 3$ %1' .(. is emoBered to reser!e seats. ?ence) reser!ation of 5$C Bas essentia/ to retain the minority character of .(.) and to ma@e (us/im students =enefit from it.

iii. nder section 14 of the .(. Act the ni!ersity Bas emoBered to0 romote orienta/ Is/amic Studies and gi!e re/igious instructions in Is/amic theo/ogy on !o/untary =asis and to imart mora/ and hysica/ training to romote the study of re/igions) ci!i/iDations and cu/ture of +oog/istan and to romote esecia//y educationa/ and cu/tura/ ad!ancement of (us/ims of +oog/istan.K3* ith the (us/im students Bere dec/ining in .(. 4$ these o=ecti!es cou/d not =e rea/iDed) hence reser!ation =ecame essentia/. And since .(. is emoBered =y Artic/e 3$ %1' it Bas entit/ed to reser!e seats for rea/iDing the urose for Bhich it Bas created.

Hiralal Shah !. Shah !. 38 Sri -ain S)etamar Terapanthi /idyalaya !. #est $engal ) AI 1*82 -a/. 1$1 Ind&lal Hiralal AI 1*83 ,om. 1*2. S.S Salgaon%ar AI 39 I=id. 40 #age 8 of moot roosition. 22


AM 9

/. RESER,A RESER,ATION OF SEATS SEATS IS PROTECTED / THE CONSTITUTION.

i.

It has has =ee =een n he/ he/d in #. #.A Ina Inam mdar& dar&ss cas casee41 that it necessari/y fo//oBs from the /aB /aid doBn in ".(.A #ai Foundation case42 that to esta=/ish a minority institution the institution must rimari/y cater to the reHuirements of that minority of that State e/se its character of minority institution is /ostK. It has =een he/d in St.
ii. ii.

nde nderr c/au c/ause se %1' of Artic rtic/e /e 15 the the Stat Statee cann cannot ot disc discri rimi mina nate te again against st any citi citiDe Den n on grounds on/y of re/igion) caste) sex) /ace of =irth or any of them. -/ause %4') hoBe!er) ro!ides that nothing in the Artic/e sha// re!ent the State from ma@ing any secia/ ro!ision for the ad!ancement of any socia//y and educationa//y =ac@Bard c/asses of citiDens or for the schedu/ed castes and tri=es 44. "herefore it is su=mitted that Artic/e 15

41 Sura. 42 Sura. 43 1*74 %1' S-- 717.

Another !. 'OI and others AI 1*7$ S- 352) D.0 352) D.0 !hanchala !. !hanchala !. State of Mysore 44 !hithra hosh and Another !. S- %Su.' $8. 23


AM 9

%4' is an excetion to 15 %1'. Artic/e 15 %4' says that the State is not re!ented from ma@ing any secia/ ro!isions for the ad!ancement of any socia//y and educationa//y =ac@Bard c/assesK of citiDens or for the schedu/ed castes and the schedu/ed tri=es45. It has has =een =een he/d he/d that that thou though gh cast castee is a re/e re/e!a !ant nt test test for for dete determ rmin inin ing g the the soci socia/ a/ =ac@Bardness of citiDens) it Bas not o=/igatory to a/y that test4. e/igi e/igion) on) it is su=mitted is a re/e!ant criteria) =ecause it Bas on this =asis that .(. Bas esta=/ished =y the 6o!ernment. "herefore reser!ation is rotected under Artic/e 15 %4' of the -onstitution. It has =een he/d that a minority status cannot =e conferred on a minority educationa/ institution for a articu/ar eriod to =e reneBed eriodica//y /i@e a dri!ing /icense. 47 "herefore to reser!e their interest under Artic/e 3$ %1') reser!ation of seats Bas essentia/ in .(..

iii. iii.

It is su=m su=mit itte ted d that it has has =een =een he/d that that the the fundam fundament enta/ a/ right right guar guarant antee eed d =y 2* %2' %2' is a=ridged to some extent =y Artic/e 15 %4' under Bhich seats may =e reser!ed in an educationa/ institution for certain sections of Indian citiDens. citiDens.48 "herefore the -onstitution) =y its ena=/ing ro!ision of 15 %4' rotects the right of minorities. "hus) the secia/ ro!ision) of reser!ation for the ad!ancement of socia//y and educationa//y =ac@Bard (us/ims is ro!ided =y the -onstitution itse/f.

Moosa !. Kerala Kerala AI AI 1*$ +er. 355 M. 355 M. $ala"i !. $ala"i !. State of Mysore) Mysore ) %1*3' Su. 1 S.-. 43* $.! 43* $.! 45 Moosa !. S)ain !. # * T Department ) %1*74' A. r. 115. !. Mysore)) 1*4  S.-. 38) 3* S%aria 3rancis !. 3rancis !. State %7' State %7' A. +er. 128 K.S 128 K.S 46 . !hitrale%ha !. Mysore -ayasri !. -ayasri !. Kerala Kerala %7' %7' A. S-. 2381) %1*77' 1 S.-. 1*4 #. a"endran !. a"endran !. Madras Madras %8' %8' A. S-. 1$12) %1*8' 2 S.-. 78 '.P !. Pradeep !. Pradeep Tando Tandon n %1*75' 2 S.-. 71) %75' A. S-. 53 S&hashini !. S&hashini !. State %' State %' A. (ys. 4$ P 4$ P.. S&ndarsan S&ndarsan ! !.. A.P %&58' %&58' A.A.#. 5* /./ iri ! iri !.. Depala S&ri Dora %1*$' Dora %1*$' 1. S.-.. 42) %&5*' A.S-. 1318 P 1318 P.. Sagar Sagar !. !. State %&8' State %&8' A.A.#. 15)1734. Tr&st !. State of Tamil 0ad& AI 2$$2 (adras 42. 47 T.K./.T.S.S. Medical +d&cational * !haritale Tr&st !. An"ali !. State of #est $engal AI $engal AI 1*52 -a/. 825 'niversity of Madras !. Shantha $ai) $ai ) AI 1*52 48 An"ali !. (ad. 7 -oseph 7 -oseph Thomas !. Thomas !. Kerala Kerala AI AI 1*58 +er. 33 S.K Patro ! Patro !.. $ihar %1*7$' %1*7$' 1 S.-.. 172. 24


i!. i!.

AM 9

Artic/ Artic/ee 15 %5' Bhic Bhich h ro!ide ro!idess for a seci secia/ a/ ro!i ro!isio sion n for the the ad!ancem ad!ancement ent of soci socia// a//y y and educationa//y =ac@Bard c/asses in so far as the secia/ ro!ision re/ates to their admission in educationa/ institutions) does not confer any oBer to ma@e such secia/ ro!isions in minority educationa/ institutions referred to in Artic/e 3$ %1'. It has =een he/d in Pramati +d&cational * !<&ral Tr&st Tr&st * Ors. Ors. !. 'nion !. 'nion of India * Ors.@> that that c/ause %5' of Artic/e 15 is !a/id and does not !io/ate the =asic structureK of the -onstitution so far as it re/ates to the Statemaintained institutions and aided educationa/ institutions. "hus) it is su=mitted that the intention of the /egis/ature here is to rotect the right under Artic/e 3$ %1' gi!en to the minorities. nder Artic/e 3$ %1' the right to administer has =een stiu/ated) and the right to reser!e seats comes Bithin this right. right.

!.

It is most most hum= hum=/y /y su=mi su=mitt tted ed that that e!en thoug though h the -onst -onstitu ituti tion on of India India /ays /ays emhas emhasis is on the right to eHua/ity eHua/ity)) it a/so /ays stress on the fact that affirmati affirmati!e !e action action is reHuired for the minori minority ty.. 
Anr, 2$12'  49%2$14' 8 S-- 1  Society for 'naided Private Schools of a"asthan !. 'nion of India * Anr, 2$12' S-- 1$2. Kerala !. 0.M 0.M Thomas) Thomas) AI 1*7 S- 4*$ /i"ayla%shmi ! /i"ayla%shmi !.. P&n"a 'niversity and others ) 50 State of Kerala !. %2$$3' 8 S-- 44$. /i"ayla%shmi !. P&n"a P&n"a 'niversity 'niversity and others. others . %2$$3' 8 S-- 44$ St.

AM 9

years of the ,ritish ru/e Bere mar@ed =y communa/ riots and dissentionsO ;emand had a/so =een made =efore the artition =y sections of eo/e =e/onging to the minorities for reser!ation of seats and searate e/ectorates. In order to =ring a=out integrationOSecia/ safe safegua guard rdss Bere Bere guara guarant ntee eed d for for the the mino minori riti ties es and and they they Bere Bere made made a art art of the the fundamenta/ rights Bith a !ieB to insti// a sense of confidence and security in the minoritiesK52. It is su=mitted that the no=/e dream to insti// a sense of security has =een sought to =e rea/iDed through affirmati!e action and the same shou/d =e uhe/d in .(. for (us/ims.

!i.

"o fu/fi fu/fi// // the the o=ect o=ect of ma@in ma@ing g rogres rogresss at e!ery e!ery strat strataa of the soci society ety it is is reHuir reHuired ed that that the mino minori rity ty =e gi!e gi!en n rese reser! r!at atio ion. n. "he "he rese reser! r!at atio ion n shou shou/d /d =e =ased =ased on reas reasona ona=/ =/ee c/assification of the minority. In the case of Shri am Krishna Dalmia !. Shri !. Shri -&stice S. . Tendol%ar * Others9) Artic/e 14 for=ids c/ass /egis/ation it does not for=id reasona=/e c/assification. In order to ass the test of ermissi=/e c/assification tBo conditions must =e fu/fi//ed) %i' that the c/assification is founded on inte//igi=/e differentia Bhich distinguishes ersons or things that are groued together from others /eft out of the grou and) %ii' that that differentia must ha!e a rationa/ re/ation to the o=ect sought to =e achie!ed. It is su=mitted that the minority in the resent case ha!e =een c/assified on inte//igi=/e differentia. And this c/assification of the (us/im minority is to achie!e the o=ect of their u/iftment from socia/ and educationa/ =ac@Bardness.

!ii !ii.

It has has =ee =een n he/ he/d d in in the the case case of St. Stephens !ollege !. 'niversity !. 'niversity of Delhi@ the minorities ha!e the right to admit their oBn candidates to maintain the minority character of their

!ollege !. State of &"arat 1*74 1*74 %1' S-- 717 52 St.

AM 9

institutions. "hat is a necessary concomitant right Bhich f/oBs from the right to esta=/ish and administer educationa/ institution in Artic/e Artic/e 3$%1'K. (oreo!er it has =een /aid doBn in ".(.A #ai Foundation case that Artic/e 2*%2' does not create create an a=so/u a=so/ute te right right for citiDe citiDens ns to =e admitt admitted ed into into any educati educationa/ ona/ institut institution ion maintained =y the State or recei!ing aid out of State funds. "he Sureme -ourt has c/ea c/ear/ r/y y reco recogni gniDed Ded that that runn runnin ing g a minor minorit ity y inst instit itut utio ion n is a/so a/so as fund fundam amen enta ta// and and imortant as other rights conferred on the citiDens of the country55. It has =een =een he/d he/d =y the Sureme -ourt in Secretary, Secretary, Malan%ara Syrian !atholic !ollege !. T. -ose; that e!en if the institution is aided) there can =e no interference Bith the said right. ?ence the resondents cannot c/aim admission on/y on the ground that .(. has recei!ed funding from the 6o!ernment.

C. RESER, RESER,ATION TION OF ;'< SEATS SEATS IS CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL

!iii !iii..

It is mos mostt resec resectf tfu/ u//y /y su=m su=mit itte ted d that that in ". ".(.A (.A #ai #ai case case57 an i//ustration had =een gi!en that fu//y esta=/ishes the etitioner&s case. It Bas as fo//oBs A sim/e i//ustration Bou/d ma@e the osition c/ear. NAidN is gi!en to a minority institution. "here are 1$$ seats a!ai/a=/e in that institution. "here are 15$ e/igi=/e candidates according to the rocedure e!o/!ed =y the institution. f the 15$) $ candida candidates tes =e/ong =e/ong to that that artic articu/a u/arr commun community ity and *$ to other other communi communitie ties. s. "he institution Bi// =e entit/ed) under Artic/e 3$%1' to admit a// $ minority students first and then fi// the =a/ance 4$ seats from the other communities Bithout discrimination in @eeing Bith Artic/e 2*%2'.K

$oard of the Milli Milli Talimi Talimi Mission $ihar $ihar * ors . !. State of $ihar * ors. 1*84 %4' S-- 5$$. 55 Managing $oard 56 2$$7 AI S- 132. 57 Sura. 27


AM 9

It has =een further he/d in the same case Bhi/e ex/aining Artic/e 3$) "he differentia/ treatment for the minorities =y gi!ing them secia/ rights is intended to =ring a=out an eHui/i=rium) so that the idea/ of eHua/ity may not =e reduced to a mere a=stract idea =ut shou/d =ecome a /i!ing rea/ity and resu/t in true) genuine eHua/ity an eHua/ity not mere/y in theory theory =ut a/so a/so in factM. factM. "herefor "herefore) e) the case case of ".(.A #ai Foundat Foundation ion uho/d uho/dss reser!ation of 5$C for minorities.

ix.

In !hristian Medical !ollege /ellore * Ors !. 'nion !. 'nion Of India And Ors ?) a/so @noBn as the ><<" case) it Bas he/d0 ut of 1$$ seats a!ai/a=/e for the undergraduate (,,S -ourse) 84 are reser!ed for candidates from the -hristian community and the remaining are a!ai/a=/e for se/ection in the oen category Bith reser!ation for candidates =e/onging to the Schedu/ed -astes and Schedu/ed "ri=es. Simi/ar/y) 5$C of the #ostgraduate seats are reser!ed for -hristian candidates and the remaining 5$C are a!ai/a=/e for oen se/ection on an A// India =asisK. Justice +rishna Iyer in -agdish in -agdish SaranBs case>) Bherein ?is ordshi o=ser!ed that merit canno cannott =e meas measure ured d in term termss of mar@ mar@ss a/one a/one)) =ut =ut human human sym symat athi hies es are are eHua/ eHua//y /y imortant. "herefore a 5$C reser!ation has =een Barranted =y the Sureme -ourt for minority educationa/ institutions. "herefore .(. Bas entit/ed to reser!e 5$C of the seats.

x.

It has has =ee =een n he/ he/d d #. #.A. Inam Inamda dar r $ is an authority on roosition of /aB that neither can the o/icy of reser!ation =e enforced =y the State nor can any Huota or ercentage of

58 %2$14' 2 S-- 3*2. 59 -agdish

!. 'nion of India %1*8$' 2 S-- 78. Saran !. 'nion

60 Sura. 28


AM 9

admiss admission ion =e car!ed car!ed out to =e aro aroria riated ted =y the State in a minori minority ty educat education iona/ a/ instit instituti ution. on. "he State State cannot cannot regu/a regu/ate te or contro/ contro/ admiss admission ionss in minori minority ty educat education iona/ a/ institutions so as to come/ them to gi!e u a share of the a!ai/a=/e seats to candidates chosen =y the State. "his Bou/d amount to nationa/isation of seats Bhich has =een secifica//y disaro!ed in ".(.A. #ai Foundation case1. "herefore) it is hum=/y su=mitted that the Institution has the right to reser!e the seats. It has =een he/d in St. Stehen&s -o//ege !. ni!ersity ni!ersity of ;e/hi xi.

It is hum=/ hum=/y y su=mitt su=mitted ed that that under under the ;irec ;irecti! ti!ee #rinci #rinci/es /es of Stat Statee #o/icy #o/icy)) it has has =een /aid /aid doBn that 0 "he State sha// romote Bith secia/ care the educationa/ and economic interests of the Bea@er Bea@er sectio sections ns of the eo/e eo/e)) and) in artic articu/a u/ar) r) of the Schedu/ed Schedu/ed -astes -astes and the Sched Schedu/ u/ed ed "ri= "ri=es es)) and and sha/ sha/// rot rotect ect them them from from soci socia/ a/ inus inusti tice ce and a// a// form formss of ex/oitation2. State to secure a socia/ order for the romotion of the Be/fare of the eo/e3. In the the res resen entt case case)) the the (us/ (us/im im comm communi unity ty needs needs the the seci secia/ a/ care care =ecaus =ecausee it is economi economica// ca//y y and socia/ socia//y /y Bea@er Bea@er.. "heref "herefore ore Be ha!e ha!e the a=o!e a=o!e ro!is ro!ision ionss in the -onstitution. "heir rea/ effect Bas to =ring a=out eHua/ity =y ensuring the reser!ation of the minority institutions and =y guaranteeing to the minorities autonomy in the matter of the administration of these institutions 4. "hus) to rotect the Bea@er section from socia/ inustice and ex/oitation) affirmati!e action is a=so/ute/y necessary.

61 Sura

-onstitution. 62 Artic/e 4 of the -onstitution. -onstitution. 63 Artic/e 38 of the -onstitution. 3o&ndation !. !. State of Karnata%a AI Karnata%a AI 2$$3 S- 355 .S 355 .S 0aya% !. A. !. A. Ant&lay AI Ant&lay AI 1*84 64 T.M.A Pai 3o&ndation S- 84. 29


AM 9

THE PRAER

herefore in the /ight of the issues raised and arguments ad!anced) reasons gi!en and authorities cited) this ?onoura=/e -ourt may=e /eased to0

A. H0l8 that aahatgan (us/im ni!ersity is a minority institution.

/. D"2la larr" that the reser!ation of 5$C seats =y aahatgan (us/im ni!ersity for (us/ims

is constitutiona/ and can =e enforced.

30


AM 9

And any other re/ief that this ?on&=/e -ourt may =e /eased to grant in the interests of ustice) eHuity and good conscience.

All of )hich is respectf&lly respectf&lly s&mitted .

COUNSELS FOR THE PETITIONER

31

Best and winner team's memo(Petitioner)

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