UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERU
FACULTA FACULTAD D DE INGENIERÍA INGENIERÍ A MECÁNICA DEPARTAMENTO DE ENERGIA Y CIENCIAS BASICAS
LABORATO LABORA TORIO RIO DE TERMOHIDRAULICA TERMOHI DRAULICA II
MANUAL PARA ENSAYO EN TURBINAS PELTON
DR. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES DOCENTE Y JEFE DE PRÁCTICAS
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
HUANCAYO, 2009-I
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
2
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
OBJETIVO Dee!"#$%! &%' ()!*%' (%!%(e!+'#(%' e& )$(#$%"#e$ e &% )!/#$% PELTON e &% F%()&% e I$e$#e!+% "e(1$#(% "e#%$e %' e3e!#"e$%&e'
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
3
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
RESUMEN E& e$'%4 e$ e& ")& e )!/#$%' Pe&$ ($'#'e e$ /e$e! !%#(%' e &%' ()!*%' (%!%(e!+'#(%' e &% )!/#$%, e$ e& L%/!%!# e Te!"5#!1)(% e &% F%()&% e I$e$#e!+% Me(1$#(% e &% UNCP, 3%!% %#%$6%! &' ($(#"#e$' %7)#!#' e$ ()!'' 3!e"#$%!e' L% #$%% e' %$%%! e& ("3!%"#e$ e &% )!/#$% % 3%!#! e &%' !%#(%' e ()!*%' (%!%(e!+'#(%' /e$#%' P%!% e& ee( 'e&e((#$%"' )$% %&)!% e (%!% ($!&% 3! e& "%$8"e! #$'%&% e$ &% /"/% H#!'%& 7)e '#")&% e& '%& 5#!1)(, 'e "#e e& (%)%& e$ e& *e!ee! 4 (&(%$ *%!#' 3e'' e$ e& !e$ P!$4 'e "%$ &e()!%' e &% *e&(#% %$)&%! e &% )!/#$%, &e()!% e$ e& #$%"8"e! 4 &% e"3e!%)!% e& %)%. C" %' e #'e 'e #e$e e& 1$)& e '%% e& %&%/e e :0;
F#$%&"e$e 'e e/e 3!(e'%! &' %' /e$#', 4 &)e !%#(%! &%' #'#$%' ()!*%' (%!%(e!+'#(%' e &% )!/#$%.
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
4
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
INTRODUCCION E& 3!e'e$e ()"e$
e' )$ "%$)%& 3%!% e& e$'%4 e )!/#$%' Pe&$ %
!e%%!'e e$ e& &%/!%!# e Te!"5#!1)(% e &% FIM E& e$'%4 ($'#'e e$ %$%%! e& )$(#$%"#e$ e& ")& e &% )!/#$% 3e&$ 7)e e#'e e$ e& &%/!%!#, &% "% e %' )e /%'% e$ e& )$(#$%"#e$ e &% )!/#$%, ($ e& #$ e /e$e! &% ()!*% (%!%(e!+'#(% e &% )!/#$%. E& e$'%4 'e! 5% !#e$% e'e e& 3)$ e *#'% e3e!#"e$%& 4% 7)e 'e 3)ee e$($!%! )!/#$%' e$ &)%! %e"1' e ') %3(%(#8$ e$ &% e$e!%(#8$ e e$e!+% e&<(!#(%= (" 3%!e e &% !"%(#8$ e& e')#%$e e$ #$e$#e!+% "e(1$#(%. L% e'!)()!% e& #$!"e ($'% e )$% (%!1)&%, />e#*, !e')"e$, #$!)((#8$, "%!( e8!#( e& e$'%4, !e&%(#8$ e e7)#3' 4? "%e!#%&e', 3!(e#"#e$ e& e$'%4, %/&% e !e#'! e %', %/&% e %' 3!(e'%', !1#(', ($(&)'#$e' 4 !e("e$%(#$e' 4 #$%&"e$e !ee!e$(#%' /#/!1#(%'. P)ee$ 3!e'e$%!'e "#%(#$e' e !e$ e (%3%(#% e "%$#/!% e& e')#%$e e$ &% /"/% e$ &% )!/#$%, %& *e6 e$ &% &e()!% e %', 3e! e&& 'e ')3e!% ($ &% 3%!#(#3%(#8$ 'e!#% 4 3!)$% e$ e& e$'%4 e3e!#"e$%&.
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
5
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
OBJETIVO Dee!"#$%! &%' ()!*%' (%!%(e!+'#(%' e& )$(#$%"#e$ e &% )!/#$% PELTON e &% %()&% e I$e$#e!+% "e(1$#(% "e#%$e %' e3e!#"e$%&e' MARCO TE@RICO TURBINAS PELTON. E'e #3 e )!/#$% )e (!e%% 4 3%e$%% e$ :9 3! e& $!e%"e!#(%$ Le'e! A&&%$ Pe&$. E& 3!#$(#3# e )$(#$%"#e$ e' !e&%#*%"e$e '#"3&e, 4% 7)e ($'#)4e )$% e*&)(#8$ &8#(% e &% %$#)% !)e% 5#!1)(%. P'ee &%' "e>!e' (%!%(e!+'#(%' 3%!% !%$e' %&)!%', 4 e'e &)e e' &% $#(% "17)#$% (%3%6 e )$(#$%! ($ %&)!%' ')3e!#!e' % :.00 ". S$ $%/&e' ') ')%*#% e #! 4 ') /)e$ )$(#$%"#e$ % (%!% 3%!(#%&. E$ &% #)!% 'e ")e'!% &% #'3'#(#8$ +3#(% e )$% )!/#$% Pe&$. L% /e!% &%$6% % &% %"8'e!% )$ (5!! e %&% *e&(#% 7)e #$(#e '/!e )$% 'e!#e e ()(5%!%' 1&%/e' "$%' e$ &% 3e!#e!#% e )$% !)e%. E& 3%! e>e!(# 3! e& #"3%( 4 &% e'*#%(#8$ e& (5!! 3!*(% e& #! e &% !)e%. U$% *e6 !%$'"##% ') e$e!+% % &% !)e%, e& %)% '%&e e &' 1&%/e' % *e&(#% !e&%#*%"e$e /%>% 4 e' #!##% 5%(#% e& (%$%& e e'%e. P! %$, &% )!/#$% 5% e e'%! (&(%% % ')#(#e$e %&)!% '/!e e& $#*e& "1#" e (!e(#% 3%!% %'e)!%! e& e!!%"e /!e. E$ &% )!/#$% Pe&$ %()%&, &% e$e!+% (#$<#(% e& %)%, e$ !"% e (5!! /!e, 'e e$e!% e$ )$% /e!% (&(%% %& #$%& e &% )/e!+% % 3!e'#8$. L% /e!% e'1 3!*#'% e )$% %)>% e (#e!!e 3%!% !e)&%! e& %', ($'#)4e$ e$ ($>)$, e& 8!%$ e %"e$%(#8$ 4 e !e)&%(#8$ e &% )!/#$%. E$()e$!% >)'% %3(%(#8$ &% )!/#$% Pe&$, e$ %7)e&&' %3!*e(5%"#e$' 5#!1)(' $e &% 3$e!%(#8$ e &% (%!% e' #"3!%$e !e'3e( %& (%)%&.
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
6
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
L% *e&(#% e'3e(##(% e' /%>%, e$!e :0 4 0 e$ e& '#'e"% "e!#( 4 e$!e 2 4 :2 e$ e& '#'e"% #$&e' %3!#"%%"e$e, '#e$ 3!ee!#/&e' *%&!e' (e$!%&e' e$!e e'' "#e' 3! !%6$e' e& !e$#"#e$, e& ()%& e' e& !e$ e& 90 4 'e ($'e!*% /%'%$e /#e$ % (%!% 3%!(#%&. E$!e &%' )!/#$%' Pe&$ "%' !%$e' #$'%&%%' 5%'% e& ""e$ 'e e$()e$!%$ &%' e M$- Ce$#' A&3e' !%$(e'e' e 22000 HP (%% )$%, /%> 0 " e (%!%. ELEMENTOS CONSTITUTIVOS DE TURBINAS PELTON. U$% #$'%&%(#8$ +3#(% e T)!/#$%' Pe&$ ($'% e &' '#)#e$e' e&e"e$' :-. C e e$!%%. 2-. I$4e(! !%$'!"% &% e$e!+% e 3!e'#8$ e$ e$e!+% (#$<#(%. L% *e&(#% e& (5!! % &% '%% e& #$4e(! e$ %&)$%' #$'%&%(#$e' &&e% % :0 "?'e 4 %$ "1' ($'% e /e!% 4 *1&*)&% e %)>%. K-. T/e!%. -. V1&*)&% e A)>%. -. Se!*"!. -. Re)&%!. -. M%$ e& e&e(!. -. De&e(! 3%$%&&% e&e(!%. 9-. C!!. :0-. Ree. ::-. Á&%/e' ()(5%!%'. :2-. F!e$ e &% )!/#$%. :K-. B$%>e. :-. De'!)(! e e$e!+%. A ($#$)%(#8$ 'e 3!e'e$% )$ #%!%"% e )$% T)!/#$% Pe&$
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
7
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
T)!/#$% Pe&$ ($ #$4e(!e'
CLASIFICACIÓN DE TURBINAS PELTON. L% (&%'##(%(#8$ "1' e$e!%& 7)e 3)ee 5%(e!'e e &%' )!/#$%' Pe&$ e' e$ #3' e e>e 5!#6$%& 4 #3' e e>e' *e!#(%& :-. T)!/#$%' Pe&$ e E>e Ve!#(%& E$ e'e #3 e )!/#$%' Pe&$ e& $)"e! e (5!!' 3! !)e% 'e !e)(e e$e!%&"e$e % )$ ', 3! !e')&%! ("3(%% &% #$'%&%(#8$ e$ )$ 3&%$ *e!#(%& e &%' )/e!+%' e %"e$%(#8$ 4 &%' %)>%' e #$4e((#8$. E'e '#'e"% e "$%>e e$()e$!% %3(%(#8$ e$ %7)e&&' (%'' $e 'e #e$e$ %)%' ')(#%' 7)e 3!)(e$ ee!#!' $%/&e %((#8$ %/!%'#*%. C$ e& e>e 5!#6$%& 'e 5%(e %"/#<$ 3'#/&e #$'%&%! )!/#$%' e"e&%' 3%!% )$ '& e$e!%! (&(% e$!e %"/%', ($!%!!e'%$ e"3)>e' %#%&e'. 2-.T)!/#$%' Pe&$ e E>e H!#6$%& E$ e'e #3 e )!/#$%' Pe&$ 'e %(#% &% (&(%(#8$ e& '#'e"% e %"e$%(#8$ e$ )$ 3&%$ 5!#6$%&, & 7)e 3e!"#e %)"e$%! e& $)"e! e (5!!' 3! !)e% % = ($ e' 'e 3)ee #$(!e"e$%! e& (%)%& 4 e$e! "%4! 3e$(#% 3! )$#%. Se %(!% &% &$#) e& e>e )!/#$%- e$e!%!= 'e %"e$)%$ &%' e(%*%(#$e'= 'e 3)ee #'"#$)#! e& #1"e! e !)e% 4 %)"e$%! &% *e&(#% e #!, 'e !e)(e e$ #$ e& 3e' e &% )!/#$% 3! )$#% e 3e$(#%. MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
E' 5%(e 7)e &% )#%(#8$ e e'% #'3'#(#8$ e$ )!/#$%' Pe&$ 'e% "1' *e$%>'% 7)e &% #'3'#(#8$ 5!#6$%&. S) %3(%(#8$ e' ($*e$#e$e e$ %7)e&&' (%'' $e 'e #e$e$ %)%' "3#%' 7)e $ 3!)6(%$ !%$ ee( %/!%'#* '/!e &' %&%/e' e #$4e(!e', e/# % 7)e &% #$'3e((#8$ 4 &%' !e3%!%(#$e' ($ e'e "$%>e 'e 5%(e$ "%' #+(#&e'. P! !% 3%!e, &%' )!/#$%' Pe&$ 'e (&%'##(%$ %"/#<$ e$ 'e$(#&&%' )$ !ee 4 )$ (5!! 4 "&e'. L%' )!/#$%' Pe&$ 'e ")(%$ 3! e& $"e! e (5!!', &&%"1$'e Pe&$ /&e, !#3&e, e(. L%' )!/#$%' Pe&$ '<)3&e' : !ee e e>e *e!#(%& 4 (5!!' (%4e!$ )$ #e"3 e$ e')', 3! &% ("3(%(#8$ 7)e e$!%% ') )<()3&e !e)&%(#8$ #$4e(!e' 4 3%$%&&%' e&e(!%' 4 3! %$, :2 'e!*"!e'
PROPOSITO: L% e$e!+% ')"#$#'!%% 3! )$% )!/#$% e' "e$! 7)e &% e$!e%% 3! &% (!!#e$e e %)% 7)e &% %((#$%%. U$% 3%!e e e'% e$e!+% 'e 3#e!e 3! !6%"#e$ "e(1$#( I$e3e$#e$e e &% 3e$(#% e$!e%% 4 !% 3! !6%"#e$ 5#!1)(. L% !e&%(#8$ e$!e &% 3e$(#% e$!e%% 3! &% )!/#$% 4 &% ')"#$#'!%% 3! e& &)# 'e!1 e& !e$#"#e$. L% *e&(#% e'3e(+#(% e )$% )!/#$% e' )$ $"e! 7)e 3e!"#e ("3%!%! #*e!'' #3' e )!/#$%' e$!e '+ 4 &' %' /e$#' e& e$'%4 3e!"##!1 /e$e! #(5 *%&! 3%!% (%% )!/#$% e$ ()e'#8$.
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
9
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
PROCEDIMIENTO
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
!0
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
CALCULOS Tabla de t!a de dat" D0.2
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
!!
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
P%!% e& 3!#"e! !%#( 'e #e$e B 53 RPM H" =
T×ω
76 = T = # = D − "
T = # × R
Ree"3&%6%$ e$ (%% )$ T!
= # ! = 0.!5 %$ − !4.4!6$ ×
f ! = 0.!5
%$ !000 $
− 0.0!44!6
# ! = 0.!355 %$ # 2 = 0.206 %$
# 3 = 0.426 %$ # 4 = 0.6272 %$
# 5 = 0.676!6 %$ # 6 = 0.4296 %$ ! H" = 745 & B H" = 0.!355 %$ × 0.!925M × !050
R( ' !-/ -/
×
60 ,
×
2π )*+ ! R( '
%$ − M H" × , 76 %$ − M ,
B H" = !.25!
π !050 × = 0.!96 H" 30 76 π 00 B H" 2 = 0.206 × = 0.309 H" B H"! = 0.!355
30 76 B H"3 = 0.324 H"
B H" 4 = 0.!72 H" B H" 5 = 0.069 H"
G!%#(% B H3 RPM
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
!2
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
L' *%&!e' e !3" '$ e'e :00 200 K00 Pe$(#% e& !ee H3 ! H3! RPM H" ) = × $ × × 1! − × ! + % − 1, β! ×
:000 :00
!
!
746
C%&()& e !
= !.4!6 5 2 = !.4!6 0.0! 5 2 = 0.0000!4!6 - 3 ,
2 = .0!0 ×!0 −5 - 3 , 3 = .0!0 × !0 −5 - 3 ,
4
= !.399 ×!0 −4 - 3 ,
5 = 2.207 ×!0 −4 - 3 ,
C%&()& e U *e&(#% %$e$(#%& U! =
π × D × N π = 60 60
D$e D #1"e! e& !ee D 0.2 U! = !3.4695 - , U 2 = !0.26 - , U 3 = 7.0554 - ,
U 4 = 2.5656 - , U 5 = 0.962! - ,
C%&()& e &% *e&(#% e (5!! P .9 /%! :. "H 2O H)
= 1+ × 2 × $ × H ! 2 C 0.9 ! 2 C! = 0.92 × 2 × 9.!× !.45 = 36.77 C 2 = 36.77 = C 3 = C 4 = C 5 C!
H" ) ! = 0.000!4!6 × 9.!× !3.46 × 36.77 − !3.4695 × ! + 0.9 1,!0 × H" ) ! = !.!0!59 × !0
−4
! 746
H"
H" ) 2 = 5.40507 ×!0 −4 H" H" ) 3 = 4.!6553 × !0 −4 H" H" ) 4 = 3.04534 ×!0 −4 H" MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
!3
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
H" ) 5 = !.60 × !0 −4 H"
G!%#(%$ H3 ! -RPM C%&()& e &% !%#(% T RPM T! = # ! × R ! = 0.!355 %$ × 0.!!25 T! = 0.0!659 %$ Lab
T2 = 0.03437 %$ -
ora
T3 = 0.05250 %$ -
tori
T4 = 0.0762 %$ -
o
T5 = 0.022 %$ -
de
G!%#(% T "
Ter mo hid ráu lica Cie nci a en
CONCLUSIONES
Ing eni
RECOMENDACIONES
ería Me
BIBLIOGRÁFÍA
cán ica
A# BASICA: : ACEVEDO, Ne. Ma$%al de &'d()%l'*a. E. HARLA. M<#(, :99. 2 MARS. Ma$%al del I$+e$'e( Me*)$'*. E#. M(G!%Q H#&&. M<#(, :992. K SEYMOUR- DOOLITTLE, Je''e. El Lab(at(' del I$+e$'e( Me*)$'* . E. HASA. B)e$' A#!e'
B# COMPLEMENTARIA
A. MANRIUE, J'<. S. CARDENAS, R%%e&. Te(!d'$)!'*a. E. HARLA. M<#(. :99K. CACERES NEIRA, A&e>%$!. P(ble!a" de &'d()%l'*a. E#!#%& C#e$(#%' S.R.L%. L#"%-Pe!, 2000. CORTIJO RIVERA. Me*)$'*a de Fl%'d", Te(-a P(ble!a". E. C#e$(#%' SRL%. L#"%, :99. HUATUCO GONZALES, M%!#. Ma$%al de Lab(at(' de Te(!/'d()%l'*a . UNCP. H)%$(%4.:999 HUATUCO GONZALES, M%!#. Ma$%al de Lab(at(' de Te(!/'d()%l'*a A"'"t'd 0( C!0%tad(a. UNCP. H)%$(%4. 2000.
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
!4
2009-I
LABORATORIO DE TERMOHIDRÁULICA II
FIM-UNCP
9
L. MOTT, R/e!. Me(1$#(% e F&)#' A3(%%. E. P!e$#(e-H%&& H#'3%$%"e!#(%$% S.A. M<#(. :99. : MATAI, C&%)#. Me*)$'*a de Fl%'d" M)1%'$a &'d()%l'*a". E. HARLA. 0 M<#(. :99K. :: POTTER C, Me!&e. IGGERT C, D%*#. Me*)$'*a de Fl%'d". E#!#%& P!e$#(e H%&&. M<#(. :99. : RODRGUEZ DIAZ, H<(! A&$'. &'d()%l'*a E20e('!e$tal. E. E'()e&% 2 C&"/#%$% e I$e$#e!+%. C&"/#%, 200:. : STREETER-YLIE. Me*)$'*a de l" Fl%'d". E. M(G!%Q H#&&. M<#( 2000. K : SHAMES, I!*#$ H. Me*)$'*a de Fl%'d". E. M( G!%Q H#&&. M%!#,:99. : UGARTE P, F. Me*)$'*a de Fl%'d", Te(-a P(ble!a". E. S%$ M%!('. L#"%, :990. : UNI. Lab(at(' de I$+e$'e(-a Me*)$'*a III . L#"% :99. : UNI. Lab(at(' de I$+e$'e(-a Me*)$'*a I . L#"% :99. : UNI. Lab(at(' de I$+e$'e(-a Me*)$'*a II . L#"% :99. : VIEJO ZUBICARAY. M%$)e&. B!ba"3 Te(-a, D'"e4 A0l'*a*'$e". E. 9 L#")'% S.A. M<#(, 2002. 2 . FO, R/e!-T. M(D$%&, A&%$. I$t(d%**'5$ a la Me*)$'*a de Fl%'d" . 0 E. M(. G!%Q H#&&. M<#(.:99. 2 : P!##$e, Y. I$t(d%**'5$ a la Te(!d'$)!'*a de l" P(*e"" I((e6e("'ble". Se&e((#$e' C#e$+#(%', M%!#, :9.
MG. MARIO MIGUEL HUATUCO GONZALES
!5
2009-I