Road performance test of a two wheeler using chassis dynamometer. Ex.No.
Date :
AIM:
To study the performance of two wheeler using two wheeler chassis dynamometer. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Two-wheeler chassis dynamometer, Two Two wheeler. wheel er. DESCRIPTION:
Chassis Dynamometers: This is a model concept for total electronic testing of twowheeler wheeler chassis dynometer dynometer for motorcycles, motorcycles, scooter, scooter, mopeds etc. The chassis chassis dynome dynometer ter simulates the driing conditions on road in a control enironment. This has many distinct adantages of testing arious parameters of two-wheelers, the most important one is the possi!ility of testing complete ehicle performance or engine performance as installed. There is no necessity to ta"e engine out from the ehicle. #se of cha chassi ssis s dynam dynamom omet eter er allow allows s th the e te test st en engi gine neer er to simu simula late te road road load load conditions conditions in la!oratory la!oratory and it can !e termed termed as $all weather road% for the test ehicle. The road load on the ehicle can !e put on the engine on a chassis and &uic" results can !e o!tained. 'R(CED#RE : )R)* ref manual Chapter + oRT / C0R / T)'-++ T)'-++1/++ 1/++2 2 3*ssue 45 6 )ttached as )nnexure - *
RESULT: Thus Thus perf perfor orma manc nce e stud stud of a t!o t!o !hee !hee"e "err us#n us#n$ $ a t!o !hee !hee"e "err chass chass#s #s dnamometer #s comp"eted%
PER&ORMANCE TEST O& A S'OC( A)SOR)ER Ex.No.
Date :
AIM:
To study the characteristics of a shoc" a!sor!er. APPARATUS REQUIRED:
7hoc" a!sor!er test rig O)*ECTS O& T'E SUSPENSION ARE:
+. To pre preent ent road road shoc"s from from !eing transmit transmitted ted to the the ehicle compone components. nts. 8. To safeg safeguard uard tthe he occupant occupants s from from road shoc"s. 9. To pre presere sere the sta!ili sta!ility ty of the ehicle ehicle in pitching pitching or rolling rolling in motion. motion.
MAIN &UNCTIONS O& S'OC( A)SOR)ERS:
+. To contro controll &uic" &uic" !ouncing !ouncing of wheels on road surface. surface. 8. To control control slow slow !ouncing !ouncing of the !ody o on n the suspension suspension springs. springs.
DESI+N CALCULATION :
+. Diam Diamet eter er of the the pist piston on 33dp5 dp5 'iston of diameter, dp
mm.
8. Diam Diamet eter er of of tthe he rod rod 3dr 3dr55 The diameter diameter of the rod, dr .4 ; dp dr 9. (uter diame diameter ter of s shoc" hoc" a!sor!er a!sor!er 3D5 3Dust coer5 Diameter 3D5 mm.
2
PER&ORMANCE TEST O& A S'OC( A)SOR)ER Ex.No.
Date :
AIM:
To study the characteristics of a shoc" a!sor!er. APPARATUS REQUIRED:
7hoc" a!sor!er test rig O)*ECTS O& T'E SUSPENSION ARE:
+. To pre preent ent road road shoc"s from from !eing transmit transmitted ted to the the ehicle compone components. nts. 8. To safeg safeguard uard tthe he occupant occupants s from from road shoc"s. 9. To pre presere sere the sta!ili sta!ility ty of the ehicle ehicle in pitching pitching or rolling rolling in motion. motion.
MAIN &UNCTIONS O& S'OC( A)SOR)ERS:
+. To contro controll &uic" &uic" !ouncing !ouncing of wheels on road surface. surface. 8. To control control slow slow !ouncing !ouncing of the !ody o on n the suspension suspension springs. springs.
DESI+N CALCULATION :
+. Diam Diamet eter er of the the pist piston on 33dp5 dp5 'iston of diameter, dp
mm.
8. Diam Diamet eter er of of tthe he rod rod 3dr 3dr55 The diameter diameter of the rod, dr .4 ; dp dr 9. (uter diame diameter ter of s shoc" hoc" a!sor!er a!sor!er 3D5 3Dust coer5 Diameter 3D5 mm.
2
4. Determinati Determination on o off design design compression compression force 3
=)p 6 )r>; 'c ?/4=dp8 6 dr 8>;'c
)p- )rea of piston in m 8 )r - )rea of rod in m 8 'c- 'ressure 'ressure transmitte transmitted d through through shoc" a!sor!er during compression compression 8 in N/m 3.1 to .81 'a5 1. Determ Determina inatio tion n of design design re!ound re!ound forc force e 3
;'r 'r - 'ressure transmitted through shoc" a!sor!er during re!ound in N/m8 3.1 to + 'a5
2. Determ Determina inatio tion n of damping damping coeff coeffici icient ent:: Damping coefficient, @c
3N-s/m5
0elocity 305 aries from 2 to A1 mm/s for larger piston and from 0elocity 81 to 4 mm/s for smaller piston IN&ERENCE:
RESULT: Thus the characteristic of a shoc" a!sor!er has !een studied.
3
PER&ORMANCE TEST ON COIL SPRIN+ Ex.No.
Date :
AIM :
To determine the following properties of a coil spring. +. 7tiffness of the gien coil spring. 8. odulus of rigidity.
APPARATUS REQUIRED : 7pring testing machine, coil spring, ernier caliper. PROCEDURE :
+. 8. 9. 4. 2. . A. .
The spring is placed centrally oer the lower plate and the plate handle is slowly rotated. Thic"ness of spring is measured and the num!er of turns is calculated. (uter diameter and inner diameter of spring is measured using a 0ernier Caliper. The pointer on the dial is adBusted to read ero when the top and !ottom plate Bust touches the spring. Deflections on the gauge is noted while applying the load on the spring. Deflection while unloading is noted and also aerage deflection is calculated. ) graph is plotted !etween load and deflection. The deflection of a spring is o!tained from the graph. CALCULATION :
N/mm8 where, G - Ioad applied in N H 6 Deflection in mm R 6 ean coil radius of gien spring in mm d 6 Diameter of the spring wire in mm n 6 Num!er of turns in the gien spring 7tiffness of the spring " 3G/H5 N/mm ean radius R =3do-t5/8> mm do 6 outer diameter t 6 Thic"ness RESULT :
odulus of rigidity of spring
N/mm8
4
7tiffness of spring
N/mm
TA)ULATION :
7l. No
Ioad @g
N
Deflection 3mm5 Ioading #nloadin g
ean deflection 3mm5
Mean rad#us of spr#n$:
7R 3mm5
07C 3mm5
(uter diameter 3do5 Thic"ness 3t5
D*)FR):
5
TR 7RJ 07C;IC
6
T,O ,'EELER C'AIN TENSION TEST AND AD*USTMENT%
Ex.No.
Date :
AIM : To adBust the drie chain of the gien two wheeler. APPARATUS REQUIRED : Tool set, Two wheeler PROCEDURE : Dr#-e cha#n ad.ustment: The serice life of the drie chain is dependent upon proper lu!rication and adBustment. 'oor maintenance can cause premature wear or damage to the drie chain and sproc"ets. #nder seere usuage, or when the motorcycle is runned in dusty areas, more fre&uent maintenance will !e necessary. Inspect#on: i5 Turn the engine off, place the motorcycle on its main stand and shift the transmission into neutral remoe hole cap. ii5 Drie chain slac" should !e adBusted to allow approximately 8-9 mm ertical moement !y hand. Roll the motor cycle and chec" drie chain slac" as the wheel rotates. Drie chain slac" should remain constant as the wheel rotates. *f the chain slac" in one section and in another, some lin"s are "ic"ed and !inding. Kuilding can !e eliminated !y fre&uent lu!rication. iii5 *nspect the sproc"et teeth for wear or damage. i5 *f the drie chain and sproc"ets are excessiely worn or damaged, they should !e replaced. Neer use a chain with worn out sproc"ets since this will result in rapid chain wear.
7
i5
Ad.ustment Remoe the split pin and loosen the rear axle nut. ii5 Ioosen the sleee nut, turn the adBusting nut on !oth the right and left chain adBusters to increase or decrease chain slac". )lign the chain adBuster index mar"s with corresponding scale graduations on !oth sides of the swing arm. Note: *f drie chain slac" is excessie when the rear axle is moed to the farthest limit of adBustment, the drie chain is worn out and must !e replaced. iii5 Tighten the rear axle and sleee nut. i5 Rechec" drie chain slac". 5 *f rear !ra"e pedal free play is affected when repositioning the rear wheel to adBust drie chain slac". Chec" rear !ra"e pedal free play and adBust as re&uired.
IN&ERENCE :
RESULT : 8
SER/ICIN+ O& CLUTC' ASSEM)L0 &OR T,O AND T'REE ,'EELER% AIM :
To serice and adBust the clutch play for two and three wheeler as per specification. TOOLS REQUIRED :
Tool set. DESCRIPTION : Clutch assem!ly is fitted !etween engine and gear!ox. The purpose of the clutch assem!ly to transmit power of the engine to the rest of the transmission system, !y disconnecting L connecting the power is re&uired. CLUTC' AD*USTMENT :
The only adBustment re&uired in a clutch is of the free leer play, which is necessitated on account of wear of the friction lining due to continuous use or with the wear of the throw out !earing car!on ring due to the ha!it of the drier to press his hand always on the clutch leer. The wear of the friction lining decreases the free leer play. )n adBustment nut is proided at the lower end of the clutch leer. To slac"en the loc" nut first, ma"e the desired adBustment with the adBusting nut and retighten the loc" nut. Clutch adBustment may !e re&uired if the motorcycle stalls when shifting into gear or tends to creep or if the clutch slips, causing acceleration to lag !ehind engine speed. Normal clutch leer free play is + 6 8 mm at the leer. i5 To adBust the free play,loosen the loc" out. Rotate the adBusting nut to o!tain the specified free play.Tighten the loc" nut and chec" the adBustment. ii5 7tart engine, pull the clutch leer and shift into gear. a"e sure the engine does not stall, and the motorcycle does not creep. Fradually release the clutch leer and open the throttle. The motorcycle should start smoothly while accelerate.
9
RESULT :
Thus the sericing and free play adBustment of clutch for the gien two wheeler and three wheeler as per specification are performed.
10
SER/ICIN+ O& )RA(E ASSEM)L0 &OR T,O AND T'REE ,'EELER Ex.No.
Date :
AIM:
To serice and adBust the of !ra"e system for two and three wheeler as per specification.
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Tool set. T,O ,'EELER DESCRIPTION:
Due to the continuous use of the !ra"es, wear ta"e place of the !ra"e lining, lin"age etc., which necessitates periodic inspection of the !ra"ing system and to ma"e suita!le adBustment. The !ra"e adBustments can !e !roadly diided in to two types, i, the minor and maBor adBustments. inor adBustment mainly includes the adBustment of !ra"e shoes to compensate lining wear and is done without remoing the wheels. ) maBor adBustment on the other hand, has to !e done after installation of new shoes or relining the old shoes. *f the following conditions are not found, the minor adBustment is usually sufficientM +. Gorn out or out of the round !ra"e drum 8. Kra"e lining soa"ed in oil
11
9. Kra"e lining worn up to the riet heads
PROCEDURE :
To perform minor adBustment, on turning the adBustment nut the cam is also turned. This cam is fitted on the !ra"e shoe and the adBusting nut is proided on the !ac" plate. Turning this nut with spanner in the cloc"wise direction causes the shoes moe closer to the !ra"e drum. To perform maBor adBustment, remoe all !ra"e drums and inspect linings and drums. *f the drums are worn out, turn them in case the damage is within limits or else replace them. *n case of linings haing reached upto within +mm of riet heads, remoe the same and reinstall the new ones.
Rear !ra"e adBustment 'lace the motor cycle on its main stand. 12
ii5 easure the !ra"e pedal free play !efore the !ra"e starts to ta"e hold.
13
T'REE ,'EELER DESCRIPTION :
Three wheelers use hydraulic operated foot !ra"e on the two rear wheels with an additional hand !ra"e mechanically operated on the front wheel. *n hydraulic !ra"es, care must !e ta"en that not een small &uantities of air enter in to the !ra"ing system. The air !eing compressi!le, it gets compressed when the !ra"e pedal is pressed. The result is that fluid pressure is not transmitted to the !ra"es. Ghich, as a conse&uence, are not actuated. Due to the continuous use of the !ra"es, wear ta"e place of the !ra"e lining, lin"age etc., which necessitate periodic inspection of the !ra"ing system and to ma"e suita!le adBustment. The !ra"e adBustments can !e !roadly diided in to two types, i, the minor and maBor adBustments. inor adBustment mainly includes the adBustment of !ra"e shoes to compensate lining wear and is done without remoing the wheels. ) maBor adBustment on the other hand, has to !e done after installation of new shoes or relining the old shoes. 14
PROCEDURE:
The procedure of driing air out of the !ra"ing system is called !leeding. ) special !leeding ale is proided for this purpose on the !ac" plate.
15
16
DISMANTLIN+ AND ASSEM)LIN+ O& T,O ,'EELER +EAR )O1 AND &INDIN+ +EAR RATIO Ex.No.
Date :
AIM :
To Dismantle and assem!le of two wheeler gear!ox and find gear ratio. TOOLS REQUIRED :
Tool set. O)SER/ATION :
Fear !ox is the integral part of drie line whose function as follows as, +. To proide different leerage at different driing speed. 8. To proide necessary Tor&ue, which starting the ehicle from rest
+EAR)O1 :
+. 'ower comes from engine to clutch shaft and clutch gear, which is always in mesh with a gear on the lay shaft. 8. elical gears are in mesh always. elical gears are setting the power with the help of for", dogteeth and collar. Dogteeth clutch are splined to gear shaft. 9. Fears are proided with integral dogteeth. 4. Collar haing internal teeth loc"s the dogteeth on gear and dogteeth is fixed to the input shaft. 1. Collar is operated !y means of for" leer. 2. Iay shaft is a forged component integral with !uilt in gears. . Iay shaft is supported in the gear!ox housing with the help of !earings. PROCEDURE : +.
9. Then the lay out assem!ly is remoed. 4.
STUD0 :
Now the num!er of teeth of each gear counted and using the calculation, the gear ratio is found. C)IC#I)T*(N :
Thus the gien two-wheeler gear!ox is dismantled, studied and assem!led
18
19
DISMANTLIN+ AND ASSEM)LIN+ O& T'REE ,'EELER +EAR )O1 AND &INDIN+ +EAR RATIOS Ex.No.
Date :
AIM :
To Dismantle and assem!le of three wheeler gear!ox and find gear ratio. TOOLS REQUIRED :
Tool set. O)SER/ATION :
Fear !ox is the integral part of drie line whose function as follows as, +. To proide different leerage at different driing speed. 8. To proide necessary Tor&ue, which starting the ehicle from rest.
+EAR)O1 :
+. 'ower comes from engine to clutch shaft and clutch gear that is always in mesh with a gear on the lay shaft. 8. elical gears are in mesh always. elical gears are setting the power with the help of for", dogteeth and collar. Dogteeth clutch are splined to gear shaft. 9. Fears are proided with integral dogteeth. 4. Collar haing internal teeth loc"s the dogteeth on gear and dogteeth is fixed to the input shaft. 1. Collar is operated !y means of for" leer. 2. Iay shaft is a forged component integral with !uilt in gears. . Iay shaft is supported in the gear!ox housing with the help of !earings.
PROCEDURE :
+.
20
8. Then the counter gear assem!ly is remoed. 9. Then the lay out assem!ly is remoed. 4.
STUD0 :
Now the num!er of teeth of each gear counted and using the calculation, the gear ratio is found. C)IC#I)T*(N :
Thus the gien three-wheeler gear!ox is dismantled, studied and assem!led.
21
DETERMINATION O& TURNIN+ CIRCLE RADIUS O& T'REE ,'EELERS Ex.No.
Date :
)im: To determine the turning circle radius of the gien three wheeler. Tools Re&uired: eter scale, Thread, Chal" 'R(CED#RE: 'ar" the ehicle on a flat surface 'osition the ehicle in such a way that it will !e easy to mar" the turning circles L angles Note the wheel !ase 3!5 and wheel trac" 3c5 from ehicle specification or else measure it Draw a straight line parallel to the rear axle wheel. Turn the steering wheel fully to the left or right. Draw the perpendicular line from !oth the front wheels. The two perpendicular lines from the front wheel will meet at the line parallel to rear axle. easure the turning centre point length from the rear inner wheel. 0erify true steering condition and calculate the turning circle radius using the formulae.
22
b
Tan
a + x
Ghere, x- distance !etween the rear wheel to the * centre R- Turning circle radius a− c
b
R
tan Ø
J
2
Result: Thus the turning circle radius of three wheeler is calculated.
E"ectr#ca" sstem d#a$nost#cs Ex.No.
Date :
)im : To serice and diagnose the electrical systems of two wheeler. Tools Re&uired: 7panner, 7crew drier, multimetre Introduct#on:
)utomo!ile electrical system includes a starting system, charging system, ignition system and lighting system and some accessories. The accessories include horn, o!ile charging soc"ets, safety alarms, etc.
aBor components of a typical electrical systems are gien !elow: 2%2%I$n#t#on Sstem
3a5 7par" plugs 3!5 Relay 3c5 *gnition switch,
2%3%Char$#n$ Sstem
3a5 Fenerator or alternator 3!5 Regulator 23
3c5 Rectifier
2%4%Start#n$ Sstem
3a5 Kattery 3!5 7tarting motor 3c5 Giring, 3d5 7witches
2%5% L#$ht#n$ sstem
3a5 eadlamps 3!5 Tail lamp 3c5 *ndicators 3d5 Garning lamps
3%6%Theor:
The electrical systems in automo!ile consists of four main circuits. i5 ii5 iii5 i5
Charging system *gnition system 7tarting system Iighting system
3%2%Char$#n$ sstem :
The charging system is re&uired to recharge the !attery which is an important component of the electrical system of an automo!ile. This is done !y conerting mechanical energy into electrical energy and then into chemical energy that is stored in !atteries. Kattery supplies the current to run the starting motor, arious lights and horn, etc. The charging system generates electricity to recharge the !attery and run other electrical components.
3%2%2%Components of a Char$#n$ Sstem
Charging system consists of : #7
+enerator or A"ternator 24
*t conerts mechanical energy into electrical energy. ##7
Re$u"ator
*t controls the generator output according to the need. *t controls the current or oltage. ###7
Rect#f#er
*t conerts the alternating current produced in the alternator or generatorinto direct current and sends it to !attery.
25
26
27
3%3%I$n#t#on sstem:
*n spar" ignition engines, a deice is re&uired to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture at the end of compression stro"e. *gnition system fulfills this re&uirement. *t is a part of electrical system which carries the electric current at re&uired oltage to the spar" plug which generates spar" at correct time. *t consists of a !attery, switch, distri!utor ignition coil, spar" plugs and necessary wiring. 3%3%2%Re8u#rements of #$n#t#on sstem:
3a5 The ignition system should !e capa!le of producing high oltage current, as high as 81 olts, so that spar" plug can produce spar" across its electrode gap. 3!5 *t should produce spar" for sufficient duration so that mixture can !e ignited at all operating speeds of automo!ile. 3c5 *gnition system should function satisfactory at all engine speeds. 3d5 Ionger life of contact points and spar" plug. 3e5 7par" must generate at correct time at the end of compression stro"e in eery cycle of engine operation. 3f5 The system must !e easy to maintain, light in weight and compact in sie. 3g5 There should !e proision of spar" adance with speed and load. 3h5 *t should !e a!le to function smoothly een when the spar" plug electrodes are deposited with car!on lead or oil. 3%3%3%Tpes of #$n#t#on sstems
There are three types of ignition systems which are used in petrol engines. 3a5 Kattery ignition system or coil ignition system. 3!5 agneto ignition system. 3c5 Electronic ignition system. Gith the !attery ignition system, the current in the primary winding is supplied !y a !attery whereas it is supplied !y a magneto with magneto ignition system. The !attery ignition system is used in cars and light truc". agneto ignition system is used in some scooters. Koth the systems wor" on the principle of mutual electromagnetic induction. Electronic ignition systems use solid state deices such as transistors and capacitors. *n most of the two wheelers, magneto ignition system is used.
28
3%3%4% Ma$neto9#$n#t#on Sstem
This system consists of a magneto in place of a !attery. 7o, the magneto produces and supplies current in primary winding. The rest of the system is same as that in the !attery ignition system. The magneto consists of a fixed armature haing primary and secondary windings and a rotating magnetic assem!ly. This rotating assem!ly is drien !y the engine. Rotation of magneto generates current in primary winding haing small num!er of turns. 7econdary winding haing large num!er of turns generates a high oltage current which is supplied to relay. The relay sends this current to spar" plugs. The magneto may !e of rotating armature type or rotating magnet type. *n rotating armature type magneto, the armature haing primary and secondary windings and the condenser rotates !etween the poles of a stationary horseshoe magnet. *n magneto, the magnetic field is produced !y permanent magnets.
3%3%4%2% Ad-anta$es
3a5 Ketter relia!ility due to a!sence of !attery and low maintenance. 3!5 Ketter suited for medium and high speed engines. 3c5 odern magneto systems are more compact, therefore re&uire less space.
29
3%3%4%3% D#sad-anta$es
3a5 )dBustment of spar" timings adersely affects the oltage. 3!5 Kurning of electrodes is possi!le at high engine speeds due to high oltage. 3c5 Cost is more than that of magneto ignition systems.
3%3%5 E"ectron#c #$n#t#on sstem
The modern day two wheelers use electronic ignition system. The type of electronic ignition system used in two wheelers is "nown as Capacitor Discharge *gnition system 3CD*5. The CD* system consists of a !attery, magnetic pic"up, diode, capacitor, thyristor, ignition coil and spar" plugs. The diode, capacitor,thyristor, ignition coil are located in the CD* module. The current flows from the !attery and charges the capacitor, the thyristor is placed in !etween the !attery and capacitor to preent the !ac"flow of current from the capacitor. The diode is used to purify the DC oltage. Now the magnetic pic"up coil sends signal to the CD* module and the current flowing from the !attery stops. Now the capacitor discharges the oltage stored in it and sent to the ignition coil. #nli"e the conentional ignition coil, this one acts as a pulse coil, thus !uilding up heay current much &uic"er than conentional ignition coils. Now this high oltage is sent to the spar" plugs.
3%3%5%2 Ad-anta$es
30
•
The oltage !uilt up is ery high around 8-9"/ms, while the conentional coils do a!out 9-1/ms.
•
The intensity of the spar" produced is ery high.
•
Timing is highly precise
3%3%5%3 D#sad-anta$es •
7par" produced doesn%t last for a longer time.
3%4% Start#n$ sstem
The starting system of an automo!ile is used to start the internal com!ustion engine. Koth 7* and C* engines cannot start !y itself. These engines need to !e cran"ed !y a starting motor. This motor is also called a starter or cran"ing motor. Cran"ing of any engine means rotating its cran" shaft. Rotation of cran" shaft causes the piston to reciprocate. Ghen piston reciprocates, suction, compression, expansion and exhaust stro"es of engine are completed. Thus, engine completes its wor"ing cycle and it starts running. 7tarting motor produces necessary tor&ue to rotate the engine wheel 3cran" shaft5 through a suita!le gear 3one pinion on motor and other ring gear around engine wheel5. 3%4%2%Components of Start#n$ Sstem
7tarting system consists of the following : 3a5 7tarting otor :7tarting motor to produce rotation of cran" shaft. 3!5 Drie echanism : Drie mechanism to transfer rotary motion of starter to the cran" shaft of the engine. 3c5 The ignition switch to start motor.
31
3%5%L#$ht#n$ sstem
*t is a simple system using a single po! system. The current supplied to the system from a !attery at 2-+8 olt. Circuit !egins at !attery passes through the armature and a fuse !efore it reaches any switch. The lighting system of a motor ehicle consists of lighting and signalling deices mounted or integrated to arious parts of a motor ehicle. These may include the front, sides, rear and, in some cases, the top of the ehicle. The purpose of this system is to proide illumination for the drier. This ena!les safe ehicle operation after dar" and increases the conspicuity of the ehicle. *t also informs of the ehicleOs presence, position, sie, direction of trael, and the drierOs intentions regarding direction and speed of trael.
32
4%6%Eper#ment: 4%2%Procedure
i5
The electrical components to the diagnosed are indicator light, head light, tail lamp, horn, starter motor, par"ing lamp, etc.
ii5
The engine is started and !attery coer is remoed .
iii5
#sing a multimeter, the head is tested for the load.
i5
Ii"e wise, indicator lamp, par"ing lamp, horn, tail lamp are tested.
5
Then engine is (<< and starting using self start and amount of current consumed is tested.
i5
#sing a!oe the readings, components are diagnosed. 33
2% Trou;"e shoot#n$ ta;"e:
SI no +.
Defects 7tarter motor
Causes
Remed#es
Recharge 3or5 replace the
a5 Dead !attery
!attery. Tighten connections,
i5 No cran"ing !5 (pen circuit a5 Run down !attery !5 0ery low ii5 Engine cran"s slowly !ut does not run
temperature
charge
c5 7tarter motor
Chec" the stater motor
defect
8.
Replace wiring Chec" replace the !attery Kattery ma"e to full
orn )dBust 3or5 replace switch
a5 Defectie switch
3or5 relay
!5 *ncorrect i5orn does not !low
adBustment defectie relay
Replace the relay
contact points in horn are !urned. a5 Too high 3or5 too low generator ii5 orn gies incorrect sound
oltage. !5 *ncorrectly adBust horn. c5 Excess drop in oltage of the
Chec" and rectify the generator oltage )dBust the gap as re&uired Rectify the fault
circuit. 9.
Iight i5Iight does not glow
a5 Chec" fuse. !5 Chec" !ul!. c5 Chec" light
ii5 Iight glow and goes
switch. a5 Chec" wiring and 34
Replace them if re&uired. Replace it if re&uired Replace them if re&uired. Repair them if re&uired
4.
off Kattery
switching a5 igh charging
Chec" generator
oltage
i5 (er charging
!5 igh temperature a5 Defectie ii5 run down !attery
generator !5
iii5 7ulphation
a5 #nder charging
Reduce oltage regulator setting Chec" the defect and rectify Chec" them )dBust charging rate of generator
4%3%Ta;u"at#on:
7* No +. 8. 9. 4. 1. 2. . A. . +.
)ccessories Kattery Charging oltage ead lamp low !eam ead lamp high !eam orn *ndicator R *ndicator I Tail lamp 7elf start Kra"e light
0olts +8.84 +1.94 +4.A +4.A1 ++. Nil Nil Nil Nil ++.A1
/eh#c"e spec#f#cat#on:
Name of the ehicle
:T07 0ictor FI
Engine displacement
:+.8cc
aximum power
: A.+ !hp P 81 rpm
aximum tor&ue
: A.+ Nm P 11 rpm
Top speed
: "mph
ileage
: 2 "mph
Resu"t:
Thus the electrical system of the gien ehicle is diagnosed.
35
