16 Tenses In English
CHAPTER I PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something whih is ha!!ening at the time o" s!eaking. Example : Please #on$t make so muh noise. I$m stu#%ing. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something whih is ha!!ening a&oun# the time o" s!eaking' but not neessa&il% e(atl% at the time o" s!eaking. Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment. moment. We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a !e&io# a&oun# the !&esent. Example :You’re :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the hanging situation. Example : he population without !o"s is in#reasing very fast. $.%. &E '()E*+S - IE /SE( he adver"s of time used in 0resent 1ontinous tense are 23W, 23W, *I4& 3W, 3W, **W,E1 $.5. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE he patterns of 0resent #ontinous tense #onsist of : $.5.'. 0ositive 0attern S 6 am7is7are 6 )er" 899999999999999999.3ow S 6 sedang 6 89999999999 899999999999999..sekarang 9999..sekarang Examples : $. I am stud studyi ying ng Engl Englis ish h now now.. %. We are are going going to akart akartaa tomor tomorrow row ;akan< ;akan< 5. You are are singi singing ng now now.. 8. &e is maki making ng a #ake #ake now now. =. she she is sewi sewing ng a shi shirt rt now now..
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16 Tenses In English
>. hey hey are are playin playing g foot" foot"all all in the field field now now.. ?. om and 'ni are are doing doing their their homework homework tomorr tomorrow ow.. @. he stud student entss are are doing doing spor sportt now now. $.5." he 3egative 0attern S 6 am7is7are 6 3ot 6 )er" 899999999999999 3ow S 6 tidak sedang 6 8 99999999999 99999999999999.sekarang 999.sekarang Example : $. I am am not not stud studyi ying ng now now %. &e is not not sle sleep epin ing g now now 5. y father father is not not wat#hi wat#hing ng televi televisio sion n now. now. 8. we aren’ aren’tt going going to akart akartaa omo omorro rrow w. $.5.#. he Interrogative 0attern 'm7Is7're 6 S 6 )er" 89999999999999999..3owA 89999999999999999.. 3owA 'pakah 6 S 6 sedang 6 89999999999s 89999999999sekarang ekarang A Examples : $. 're you you studying studying English English now A Yes, I am7 3o, 3o, I am not not %. Is he eating eating fried fried ri#e ri#e nowA nowA Yes, Yes, he is7 is7 3o, he he isn’t isn’t 5. Is your father father working working in in the offi#e offi#e nowA nowA Yes, Yes, &e is73o, is73o, &e isn’ isn’tt $.5.d. BusetionCword 0attern BW 6 'm7Is7're 6 S 6 )er" )er" 89999999999999...3owA 89999999999999. ..3owA BW 6 yang 6 S 6 89999999999 899999999999999..sekarangA 9999..sekarangA Examples : $. what are you doing doing now now A studyi studying ng %. Where Where is is he stud studyin ying g Engli English sh now now A at s#ho s#hool ol EDE*1ISE I : ranslate ranslate these senten#es into English. $. a#k a#k sed sedan ang g tidu tidurr seka sekara rang ng %. ary ary sedan sedang g menger menger!ak !akan an tuga tugass itu itu 5. ami ami sedang sedang menont menonton on se"uah se"uah film film di telev televisi isi 8. ereka ereka sedang sedang "erm "ermain ain "ola "ola di halam halaman an sekara sekarang ng =. 4uru 4uru itu sedan sedang g menera menerangk ngkan an pela!a pela!aran ran itu. itu. >. 0erusahaan 0erusahaan itu sedang tum"uh dengan pesat sekarang. sekarang. ?. &arga &arga saham saham di "ursa Efek akarta akarta sedang sedang naik naik sekaran sekarang g @. 0ak 'di sedang menga!ar menga!ar "ahasa "ahasa Inggris Inggris di kampus sekarang sekarang F. 0olisi 0olisi terse" terse"ut ut seda sedang ng men#a men#ari ri 'li sekara sekarang. ng. $G. 'na, 'ni, 'ni, dan om om sedang "erdiskusi sekarang.
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16 Tenses In English
EDE*1ISE % : 1hange the following senten#es into ;6<, ;C<, and ;A< $. %. 5. 8. =. >. ?.
hey hey are are speak speaking ing Engli English sh now now.. We are are not read readin ing g now. now. Is your your mother mother fryin frying g ri#e ri#e nowA 3o, 3o, she isn’ isn’t. t. What What is your your fathe fatherr lookin looking g at now A a pi#t pi#ture ure.. &e is wat# wat#hin hing g 20lan 20lan to kill killHH on ) now. now. he tea#her tea#her is is not explai explaining ning tenses tenses to the the students students now. now. Is aradon aradonaa playing playing foot"al foot"alll in 'rgentina 'rgentina 3owA
EDE*1ISE 5 : Write uestions uestions "y using uestion uestion words "ased on the underlined words in the following senten#es. $. ohn is eating a plate of ri#e in the dining room now. %. he #at is eating fried #hi#ken in the kit#hen now. 5. om om and erry are uarrelling u arrelling a"out food now. 8. y father is tea#hing +iology at s#hool now.
EDE*1ISE 8 : 'nswer the following uestions with your own words. $. %. 5. 8. =. >. ?.
're 're you you stud studyi ying ng Engl Englis ish h now A Is your your fath father er readi reading ng a newsp newspape aperr nowA nowA Is your your mother mother sewing sewing a shirt shirt nowA nowA 're hey hey singi singing ng a song song at at home home nowA nowA Is r.'di r.'di tea# tea#hin hing g English English at s#ho s#hool ol nowA nowA What What is is your your mot mothe herr doing doing nowA nowA What What is is your your "rothe "rotherr doin doing g nowA nowA
EDE*1ISE = : Write senten#es senten#es "y using the following following ver"s Writing, Writin g, speaking, speaking, sewing, sewing, growing, growing, dis#ussing dis#ussing,, doing, hunting,eati hunting,eating, ng, drinking, drinking, dan#in dan#ing, g, singin singing, g, making making,, "uildi "uilding, ng, tea#hi tea#hing, ng, explain explaining ing,, talkin talking, g, wat#hi wat#hing, ng, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working
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16 Tenses In English
CHAPTER ) PAST TENSE
%.$. he /se of Simple 0ast ense We use the past simple to talk a"out ations o& situations in the !ast. %.%. he 'dver"s of time used he adver"s of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last9.., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, et#. %.5.
he 0atterns of Simple 0ast ense
%.5.$. he 0ositive 0attern S 6 )er" %99999999999999999999 Yesterday S 6 %9999999999999999999.. Examples : $. ohn saw a #ro#odile in the river yesterday. %. We studied English here last week. 5. hey played foot"all in the field yesteryear %.5.%. he 3egative 0attern S 6 didn’t 6 )er" $99999999999999 99..Yesterday S 6 tidak 6 $9999999999999kemarin Examples : $. ohn didn’t see a #ro#odile in the river yesterday. %. We didn’t study here last week. 5. hey didn’t play foot"all in the field yesteryear. %.5.5. he Interrogative 0attern
(id 6 S 6 )er" $99999999999999999..YesterdayA 'pakah 6 S 6 $9999999999999999kemarinA Examples: $. (id ohn see a #ro#odile in the river yesterday A Yes, he did73o, he didn’t %. (id you study here last week A Yes, we did7 3o, we didn’t
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16 Tenses In English
5. (id they play foot"all in the field yesteryearA Yes, they did73o, they didn’t %.5.8. he BuestionCword 0attern BW 6 did 6 S 6 )er" $999999999999.999YesterdayA
Bw 6 yang 6 S 6 $99999999999999.A Examples: $. What did ohn see in the river yesterday A a #ro#odile %. When did ohn see a #ro#odile in the riverA yesterday BW 6 )er" %999999999999.999YesterdayA S 6 did
BW 6 %99999999999..A Examples : $. Who saw a #ro#odile in the river yesterday A ohn did %. What grew in the ri#eCfield last yearA ' #o#onut tree did EDE*1ISE I : ranslate these senten#es into English J $. ami men!ual mo"il kami kemarin %. 'pakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam A 5. (ia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu 8. 'pakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam A =. ami men!ual rumah kami di akarta tahun lalu. >. ana!er pemasaran terse"ut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu. ?. 'pakah perusahaan anda men!ual kursi tahun lalu A Ya. @. apan anda men!alankan usaha anda di akarta A tahun lalu F. Siapa yang mem"uat kue itu kemarin A i"u saya. $G. 'pa yang !atuh di !alan kemarin A as saya.
EDE*1ISE II. 1hange the following senten#es into ;6<, ;C<, ; A<, 0resent 1ontinous ense. $. %. 5. 8.
om saw the #ats having "usiness under the tree yesterday hey played #ri#ket at s#hool last week (id the poli#eman arrest the thief last night A he tea#her did not attend the meeting this morning
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16 Tenses In English
Cha!te& * PRESENT FUTURE TENSE We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. hat "ag looks heavy. I’ll help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something + e.g. I’ve asked !ohn to help me "ut he won’t Promising to do something . e.g. I will #ome to your house tonight. I promise. Asking someone to do something . Will you #lose the window,pleaseJ
A. The !ositi,e !atte&n o" P&esent Futu&e tense is as "ollows :
S 6 will7shall 6 )er" $99999999999999 omorrow S 6 akan 6 $ 99999999.
Example: $. ohn will run a restaurant in akarta 3ext month. %. rs.aria Eva will play "adminton tomorrow
-. The negati,e !atte&n o" P&esent Futu&e tense is as "ollows+
S 6 won’t7shan’t 6 )er" $99999999 9999 omorrow S 6 tidak akan 6 $ 999999999999..
Example: $. ohn won’t run a restaurant in akarta 3ext month. %. rs.aria Eva won’t play "adminton tomorrow
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16 Tenses In English
C. The Inte&&ogati,e !atte&n o" P&esent Futu&e tense is as "ollows
Will7Shall 6 S 6 )er" $9999999999999.. omorrowA 'pakah 6 S 6 akan 6 $9999999999..A $. will ohn run a restaurant in akarta 3ext monthA Yes, &e will73o,he won’t. %. will rs.aria Eva play "adminton tomorrowA Yes, She will73o, she won’t . The /0 !atte&n o" P&esent Futu&e tense is as "ollows
BW 6 will7shall 6 S 6 )er" $99999999.999omorrowA BW 6 yang 6 S 6 akan 6 $999999999.A $. %. 5. 8.
when will ohn run a restaurant in akartaA 3ext month who will run a restaurant in akarta 3ext monthA ohn will where will ohn run a restaurant 3ext monthA 3ext month what will ohn do in akarta 3ext monthA *unning a restaurant
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already de#ided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. ':here’s a film on television tonight. A&e you going to wat#h itA +: 3o, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. he pattern : S 6 am7is7are 6 going to 6 )er" $99999999999999 S 6am7is7are 6 not 6 going to 6 )er" $99999999 9999 'm7is7are 6 S 6 going to 6 )er" $9999999999999.. .A BW 6 am7is7are 6 S 6 going to 6 ver" $99999999999 ..A
. PRESENT TENSE 0resent ense is used to talk a"out something in general . 'nd it is also used to talk about something whih is ha!!ene# &e!eate#l% o& habitually activities.
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16 Tenses In English
e.g. 6 he earth goes round the sun C he earth doesn’t go round the sun A (oes the earth go round the sun A
6 I get up at @ o’#lo#k every morning C I don’t get up at @ o’#lo#k every morning A (o you get up at @ o’#lo#k very morningA he pattern : S 6 )er" $ ;s7es<99999999999999 Everyday7today S 6 don’t7doesn’t 6 )er" $99999999 99Everyday7today (o7(oes 6 S 6 )er" $999999999999Everyday7todayA BW 6 (o7does 6 S 6 )er" $99999999.9Everyday7todayA We use the present simple when we say how often we do things: e.g. &ow often do you go to the dentist A ary doesn’t often drink tea.
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn’t finished:
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his time last year I was living in +raKil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my "a#k. he pattern : S 6 was7were 6 ver" 89999999.When 6 s 6 )er" %99.99 S 6 was7were 6 not 6 )er" 899999.When 6 s 6 )er" %9999 Was7were 6 S 6 ver" 89999999. When 6 s 6 )er" % 99. 9.A BW 6 was7were 6 S 6 ver" 899999When 6 s 6 )er" % 9999A
e.g. 6 She was #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday C
She wasn’t #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday
A
Was she #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday A
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE We often use the present perfe#t ense to gi,e new in"o&mation o& to announe &eent ha!!ening+ e.g. (o you know a"out ary A She’s gone to akarta.
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16 Tenses In English
We #an use the 0resent 0erfe#t ense with al&ea#% to say that something has ha!!ene# soone& than e(!ete# + e.g. (on’t forget to post this letter, will youA I’ve al&ea#% posted it. We #an use the 0resent 0erfe#t ense with 4ust ;L a short time ago< e.g. Would you like something to eatA M3o, thanks. I’ve 4ust had lun#h’. We talk a"out a !e&io# o" time that ontinuous u! to the !&esent , we use the present perfe#t. e.g. (ave: &ave you travelled a lot, 3oraA 3ora: Yes, I have "een to 8? different #ountries. We often use e,e& and ne,e& with the present perfe#t: e.g. have you e,e& eaten #aviarA We have ne,e& had a #ar. We have to use present perfe#t ense with This is the "i&st time5' It the "i&st time5 e.g. This is the "i&st time he has driven a #ar. ;not drives< We often use the present perfe#t with %et. 6et shows that the s!eake& is e(!eting something to ha!!en . /se %et only in uestions and negative senten#es: e.g. &as it stopped raining yet A ;not Mdid it stop’<. he pattern: S 6 have7has 6 ver" 5999999999.et# S 6 haven’t7hasn’t 6 )er" 599999.9.et# &ave7has 6 S 6 ver" 59999999.. 9.et#A BW 6 have7has 6 S 6 ver" 5999999..et#A
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE We use the 0ast perfe#t to say that something ha# al&ea#% ha!!ene# be"o&e this time +
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16 Tenses In English
Example : C C C C
When I arrived at the party, om had already gone home When I got home, I found that someone had "roken into my flat and had stolen my fur #oat. 4eorge didn’t want to #ome to the #inema with us "e#ause he had already seen the film twi#e. It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous "e#ause I hadn’t flown "efore.
he pattern: S 6 had 6 ver" 59999when7"efore S 6 )% S 6 hadn’t 6 )er" 5999 when7"efore S 6 )% &ad 6 S 6 ver" 59999 when7"efore S 6 )% A BW 6 had 6 S 6 ver" 5999 when7"efore S 6 )% A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. %. 5. 8.
*umah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya ti"a. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, !adi saya langsung pergi tidur Saya tidak lapar, saya "aru sa!a makan siang. o tidak "earada di rumah ketika saya ti"a. (ia "aru sa!a keluar.
9. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S 6 have7has 6 "een 6 ver" 89999et# S 6 haven’t7hasn’t 6 "een 6 ver" 899et#
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&ave7has 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 8999.et# A BW 6 have7has 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 89et# A Example : C
0ela!ar pela!ar tengah menyanyi se!ak pagi ini
6 he students have "een singing sin#e this morning C he students haven’t "een singing sin#e this morning A &ave the students "een singing sin#e this morning A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. &ari sudah hu!an selama dua !am %. +erapa lama kamu sudah "ela!ar "ahasa inggris A 5. Saya sudah menonton a#ara ) terse"ut se!ak dua !am 8. (ia ;pr< sudah "ermain tenis se!ak dia "erumur @ tahun =. +erapa lama kamu suah merokok A >. ereka sudah "ermain 0S selama tiga !am
:. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S 6 had "een 6 ver" 89999when S 6 )% S 6 hadn’t "een 6 )er" 8999 when S 6 )%
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&ad 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 89999 when S 6 )% A BW 6 had 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 8999 when S 6 )% A
Example : C ereka tengah menger!akan 0* ketika saya datang kemarin 6 hey had "een doing the homework when I #ame yesterday C hey hadn’t "een doing the homework when I #ame yesterday A &ad they "een doing the homework when I #ame yesterday A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. ereka sudah "ermain "ola selama satu !am ketika ada petir yang menakutkan %. en sudah merokok selama 5G tahun ketika akhirnya dia "erhenti 5. rkestra itu sudah "ermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki "erteriak 8.
Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
=. ereka sudah tidur selama > !am ketika ke"akaran itu ter!adi
1;. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
S 6 will "e 6 )er" 8 6 6 at9999..o’#lo#k S 6 won’t "e 6 )er" 8 6 6 at999..o’#lo#k
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Will 6 S 6 "e 6 )er" 8 6 6 at999.o’#lo#k A BW 6 will 6 S 6 "e 6)er" 89999o’#lo#k A Example : C
amu se#ang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul ? "esok pagi
6 C A
You will "e going to s#hool at seven o’#lo#k tomorrow morning You won’t "e going to s#hool at seven o’#lo#k tomorrow morning Will you "e going to s#hool at seven o’#lo#k tomorrow morning A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. 4eorge sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul F "esok pagi %. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan 0* itu sore nanti 5. (ia ;pr< sedang akan menonton a#ara di stadion terse"ut nanti malam 8. ereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam =. 0ara karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan peker!aan itu pukul F nanti malam
11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S 6 will have 6 ver" 5 6 999."y the end99 S 6 won’t have 6 )er" 5 6 999.."y the end9.
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Will 6 S 6 have 6 )er" 5 6 999"y the end9. A BW 6 will 6 S 6 have 6)er" 5 69999"y the end9 A Example : C ita su#ah akan ti"a di akarta "esok sore. 6 We will have arrived in akarta tomorrow afternoon C We won’t have arrived in akarta tomorrow afternoon A Will we have arrived in akarta tomorrow afternoon A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. ohn sudah akan selesai menger!akan peker!aanya men!elang akhir minggu ini %. en!elang minggu depan saya akan selesai mem"a#a "uku ini 5. en!elang "ulan depan dia akan mem"ayar hutangnya 8. ami sudah akan mendapat rumah "aru men!elang akhir tahun ini
1). PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S 6 will have "een 6 ver" 8999sin#e999. S 6 won’t have "een 6 ver" 899.sin#e999.
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Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 ver" 899sin#e999.A BW 6 will 6 S 6 have "een 6 ver" 89.sin#e9..A Example : C
ereka tengah akan "ela!ar se4ak pagi "esok
6 hey will have "een studying sin#e this morning C hey won’t have "een studying sin#e this morning A Will they have "een studying sin#e this morning A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. en!elang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempela!ari "ahasa inggris selama tiga tahun %. en!elang hari natal saya akan sudah "eker!a di kantor ini selama lima tahun 5. en!elang li"uran sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama = kali 8. en!elang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
1*. PAST FUTURE TENSE
S 6 would 6 )$9I- 6 S 6 ver" %9999.et# S 6 wouldn’t 6 ver" $9.6 o"!e#t9999..et#
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Would 6 S 6 ver" $ 9.6 o"!e#t 999.9..et# A Example : $. Saya akan datang '3('I'' kamu mengundang saya I would #ome if you invited me %. om akan melakukan per!alanan I'dia punya uang om would travel if he had more money
E(e&ise + T&anslate these sentenes into English8
$. ika saya !adi kamu, saya tidak akan mem"eli rumah itu %. Saya akan keluar !ika hari tidak hu!an 5. ika saya kaya, saya akan mem"eli se"uah villa 8. ika saya dapat "er"i#ara "ahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri =. Saya tidak akan ke"eratan tinggal di 'merika !ika #ua#anya "agus
1. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE
S 6 would "e 6 )er" 899when S 6 ver" %999.et# S 6 wouldn’t 6 "e 6 ver" 89.when S 6 ver" %999et#
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Would 6 S 6 "e 6 ver" 8 9.. when S 6 ver" %99et# A Example : C
Se#ian%a mereka se#ang akan pulang EI' kami datang
6 hey would "e going home when we #ame C hey wouldn’t "e going home when we #ame A Would they "e going home when we #ame A
T&anslate these sentenes into English 8
$. Saya akan sedang menempuh u!ian hari "erikutnya pada waktu itu %. ami akan sedang mem"angun rumah itu pada waktu itu 5. ereka sedang akan "ermain "a"ak kedua pada pertandingan sepak"ola waktu itu.
12. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S 6 would have 6 ver" 59..I- 6 S 6 had 6 ver" 599. S 6 wouldn’t have 6 ver" 5 99o"!e#t999..et#
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Would 6 S 6 have 6 ver" 5 99.o"!e#t999..et# A Example : C
Ia su#ah akan men!adi presiden '3('I'' partainya menang dalam pemilihan umum.
C
&e would have "e#ome a presiden if his party had won in general ele#tion
E(e&ise + T&anslate these sentenes into English8
$. ika saya telah mengetahui "ahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu %. om tidak akan mengikuti u!ian itu !ika dia mengetahui "ahwa soalnya akan "egitu sulit. 5. ika saya "er!umpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello 8. ika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu =. Saya akan mengirim surat ini !ika kamu telah selesai mem"uatmya
13. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S 6 would have 6 "een 6 ver" 89..I- 6 S 6 had 6 ver" 599.
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S 6 wouldn’t have "een 6 ver" 899.o"!e#t9999et# Would 6 S 6 have "een 6 ver" 8.. 99.o"!e#t999..et# A Example : C
Se#ian%a rapat tengah akan dimulai se!ak pagi '3('I'' walikota su#ah datang tepat pada waktunya
C
he meeting would have "een starting sin#e this morning if ayor had #ome on time.
E(e&ise + T&anslate these sentenes into English8
$. Sedianya #on#ert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya. %. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka "elum datang 5. 'ndaikata ayah saya telah selesai "er"elan!a, i"u saya akan memasak makanan itu
17. Abb&e,iation
L
I’m
%. You are
L
You’re
5. We are
L
We’re
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8. hey are
L
hey’re
=. &e is
L
&e’s
>. She is
L
She’s
?. It is
L
It’s
@. Will not
L
won’t
F. Would not
L
Wouldn’t
$G. (o not
L
(on’t
$$. (oes not
L
(oesn’t
$%. (id not
L
(idn’t
$5. Is not
L
Isn’t
$8. 're not
L
'ren’t
$=. Was not
L
Wasn’t
$>. Were not
L
Weren’t
$?. &ave not
L
&aven’t
$@. &as not
L
&asn’t
$F. &ad not
L
&adn’t
%G. 1an not
L
1an’t
%$. 1ould not
L
1ouldn’t
%%. ust not
L
ustn’t
%5. Should not
L
Shouldn’t
%8. ight not
L
ightn’t
%=. ay not
L
ayn’t
19. PASSI>E >OICE E FOR?= 0en!elasan: $. alimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang su"!eknya dikenai oleh suatu per"uatan atau yang predikatnya "erawalan di97 ter9
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16 Tenses In English
%. ata ker!a yang digunakan harus kata ker!a transitive, yaitu kata ker!a yang "isa diikuti oleh suatu o"!ek atau "enda. 5. *umus kalimat pasif dalam "ahasa inggris adalah se"agai "erikut:
S 6 o "e 6 )59999999999999"y9
8. o "e "erfungsi untuk menentukan enses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk mem"entuk awalan : di9.atau: ter9 =. o "e dapat di!a"arkan dalam $> enses ;lihatlah $> enses pada rumus kalimat aktif<
0ela!arilah *umus di"awah ini : $. 0resent -uture ense: S 6 will "e 6 )59"y9 %. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense: S 6 will "e 6 "eing 6 )59"y9 5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense: S 6 will have "een 6 )5 8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 will have "een 6 "eing 6 )59. =. Simple 0resent ense: S 6 am7is7are 6 )59 >. 0resent 1ontinuous ense: S 6 am7is7are 6 "eing 6)59 ?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense: S 6 have7has 6 "een 6 )5 @. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 have "een7has "een 6"eing 6)59 F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense: S 6 had "een 6)59 $G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 had "een 6 "eing 6 )59 $$. Simple 0ast ense: S 6 Was7were 6 )59 $%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense: S 6 was7were 6 "eing 6 )59 $5. 0ast -uture ense: S 6 would "e 6 )59 $8. 0ast -uture 1ontinuous ense: S 6 would "e "eing 6)59 $=. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t ense: S 6 would have "een 6 )59 $>. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 would have "een 6 "eing 6 )59
0en!elasan :
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16 Tenses In English
$. ata ker!a yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah )5 ;"ukan )$, )%, )8< %. enses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh "entuk o "e nya 5. +E "isa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata sa!a ;am7is7are7was7were< lihat nomor = dan $$. ". (ua kata;will "e,have "een, has "een, had "een, would "e< lihat nomor$, ?, F, $5. ;am "eingCis "eingCare "eingCwas "eingCwere "eing< no. > dan no. $%. #. iga kata ;will "e "eing, will have "een, have "een "eing, has "een "eing, had "een "eing, would "e "eing and would have "een< lihat nomor %, 5, @, $G, $8 dan $=. d. Empat kata ;will have "een "eing dan would have "een "eing < no. 8 dan $>. 8. +eing dalam kalimat pasif menun!ukan: 1ontinuous.
1:. PASSI>E @ >OICE IN NEATI>E FOR? $. 0resent -uture ense S 6 Won’t "e 6 )5999.;"y him<999
L S tak akan di9999999
Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
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16 Tenses In English
%. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense S 6 Won’t "e 6 "eing 6 )59;"y them<9.
L S tidak sedang akan di999.
Example : *apat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul F "esok pagi. 5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense S 6 Won’t have "een 6 )59.;"y her<
L S "elum akan di9999
Example : 3asi "elum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense S 6 Won’t have "een 6 )59.;"y the +ank<999 Example : *umah itu "elum lagi akan disita oleh +ank pada akhir tahun ini. =. Simple 0resent ense S 6 ;am not7isn’t7aren’t< 6 )59.;"y the udge< Example : 0enga#auCpenga#au itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh &akim. >. 0resent 1ontinuous ense S 6 ;am not7isn’t7aren’t< 6 "eing 6 )59 ;"y99< Example : o"il saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang ?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense S 6 ;hasn’t7haven’t< 6 "een 6 )59.;"y 99..< Example : Saya "elum dia!ak dalam per#akapan "ahasa Inggris oleh kawanC kawan saya.
@. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense S 6 ;hasn’t7haven’t< 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )59"y9.. Example : orupsi masih "elum di"erantas oleh pemerintah se!ak "ertahunCtahun yang lalu.
F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense S 6 hadn’t "een 6 )59"y9..
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16 Tenses In English
Example : omy "elum dituduh se"agai penghianat, se"elum aksa 'gung ter"unuh.
$G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense S 6 hadn’t "een 6 "eing 6 )59;"y999.< Example : +u#hary masih "elum di#alonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan keCpropinsi.
$$. Simple 0ast ense S 6 ;wasn’t7weren’t< 6 )59;"y999.< Example : indakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor.
$%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense S 6 ;wasn’t7weren’t< 6 )59;"y999.< Example : 0asien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
3o. $5 s7d 3o. $>, hanya menam"ahkan kata Not, pada kata "antu yang pertama. Nihat pada $> enses kalimat pasip "entuk "erita.
Note : eterangan pelaku ;"y me, "y us, "y him, dst< dan keterangan waktu, "isa dipakai "ila diperlukan. ergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diu#apkan.
);. PASSI>E >OICE IN INTERROATI>E $. 0resent -uture ense Will 6 S 6 "e 6 )59;"y..< few years from now A
L Yes73o,999
Example : 'pakah +ahasa Inggris akan dipakai di 0ontianak A
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16 Tenses In English
When 6 999999999999 A L -ew years from now.
%. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 )599999 A
L Yes73o,999999...
Example : 'pakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul F "esok A What time 6 999999... A L 't F o’#lo#k.
5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 )599999A
L Yes73o,999999...
Example : 'pakah peker!aanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini A What 6 99999999.. A L Your !o".
8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 "eing 6 )59999 A
L Yes73o,999999.
Example : 'pakah normaCnorma hukum tengah akan di"erlakukan sesudah negara "angkrut A Why 6 9999999999... A L +e#ause none is hones in government. =. Simple 0resent ense ;'m 7Is7're< 6 S 6 )599999. A
L Yes73o,999999
Example : 'pakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu A +y whom 6 9999999999. A L +y our dire#tor.
>. 0resent 1ontinuous ense ;'m7Is7're < 6 S 6 "eing 6 )5999. A
L Yes73o,999999...
Example : 'pakah penariCpenari itu sedang di!emput sekarang A Where 6 99999999. A L 't the airport.
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16 Tenses In English
?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense ;&as7&ave< 6 S 6 "een 6 )5 9999 A
L Yes73o,999999...
Example : Sudahkah tiketCtiket itu di"eli olehmu A &ow many ti#kets 6 999.. A L = ti#kets
@. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense ;&as7&ave< 6 S 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )5999. A
L Yes73o,999999
Example : 'pakah +udi tengah diopname di rumah sakit A &ow long 6 9999999. A L -or 5 days.
F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense &ad 6 S 6 "een 6 )5999. A
L Yes73o,999999
Example : 'pakah perampokCperampok itu sudah tertem"ak dikakinya se"elum mereka menyerahkan diri A Who 6 9999999 A L he ro""ers.
$G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense &ad 6 S 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )599999. A
L Yes73o,999999
Example : 'pakah ia tengah diper"antukan se"elum kepada (epartemen 0endidikan se"elum ia men!adi enteri A &ow long 6 9999999. A L ore than 5 year. $$. Simple 0ast ense ;Were7Was< 6 S 6 )5 9999. A
L Yes73o,999999
Example : 'pakah masalah omy di"i#arakan di (0* A What 6 999999999. A L omy’s pro"lem. $%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense ;Were7Was< 6 S 6 "eing 6 )59999 A
L Yes73o,999999
Example : 'pakah proyek perumahan sedang diren#anakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu A +y whom 6 9999999 A L +y the mayor.
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16 Tenses In English
$5. 0ast -uture ense
: &anya mengu"ah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu
$8. 0ast -uture 1ontinuous ense
: sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendiri<
$=. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t ense
: sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendri<
$>. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense : sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendiri<
)1. CAUSATI>E engan HA>E an ET -ungsi : I. enyuruh sesorang untuk menger!akan sesuatu. II. enyuruh agar sesuatu diker!akan oleh orang lain. +andingkanlah kalimatCkalimat "erikut: $. ono menge#at rumahnya hari ini. %. *umah ono di#at sendiri olehnya.
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16 Tenses In English
5. ono menyuruh tukang #at menge#atkan rumahnya. 8. ono menge#atkan rumahnya.
RumusBRumus Causati,e+ '.
S 6 to have 6 someone 6 )$ 6 9 et# Eg: $. &e has a me#hani# repair his #ar today %. &e will have a me#hani# repair his #ar tomorrow 5. &e is having a me#hani# 999et# now
+.
S 6 to have 6 somethin 6 Eg: $. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday %. 'li has had his hair #ut sin#e yesterday
3ote : 0eru"ahan enses hanya ter!adi pada kata ker!a to have. ;have ;has< O had O had O having<
1.
S 6 to et 6 someone 6 to 6 )$ 6 9 et#
Eg : $. &e will get me to help him tomorrow %. &e doesn’t get me to #ome to his house today 5. &e has get me to "ring a di#tionary
(.
S 6 to get 6 somthing 6 to 6 )5 6 9 et# Eg : $. he girl gets her fa#e made up ;dihias< %. I won’t get my hair #ut short. 5. +udi is getting his tooth pulled out now
1atatan penting : Something L ;sth< L sesuatu "enda Someone L ;so< L seseorang ;o"!e#t<: me, him, 9 ne’s ;kepunyaan< L my9, your9, her9, our9, their9 Eg L example L #ontoh. ;Eg L example gratia<
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16 Tenses In English
THE 13 TENSES
0erhatikan peru"ahan yang ter!adi dari *umus umum ke O E3SES E*E3/: S 6 &')E 6 SE 3E 6 )$ 6 9(S
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16 Tenses In English
$. %. 5. 8. =.
S 6 will 6 have 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 will 6 have had 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 have ;has< 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 had 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 have 6 had 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 has >. S 6 had 6 had 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 ?. S 6 will "e 6 having 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 @. S 6 will 6 have "een 6 having 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 F. S 6 ;am, is, are< 6 )8 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $G. S 6 ;was, were< 6 )8 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $$. S 6 ;have "een7has "een< 6 having 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $%. S 6 had "een 6 having 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $5. S 6 would 6 have 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $8. S 6 would "e 6 having 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $=. S 6 would 6 have had 6 S. 6 )$ 6 9 $>. S 6 would 6 have "een 6 having 6 S. 6 9
RENUNAN+
$. to have, adalah "entuk : Infinitive ;Lkata ker!a pokok< yang "eru"ah menurut enses tertentu. ;dilahat $> enses diatas<. %. S. L Some ne L adalah "!e#t, dan "ukan Su"!ek. adi: S., "isa men!adi L me, you, him, her, us, them. ne’s L "isa men!adi : my, your, his, her, our, ds" S L ;Su"!ek<, seperti: I, You, &e, She, We hey, It, dan "endaC"enda lainnya. ;.), *adio, Weather, the wind<. 5. )$, dalam rumus diatas tidak "eru"ah dalam segala "entuk kalimat dan "entuk enses apapun. )$, tetap )$, tidak ada peru"ahan. 8. )$ have
)% had
)5 had
)8 having
PATTERN EDERCISE+ TAS + ?ake "&ee statements aoing to the PATTERNS <&umus= below+
'.
S 6$.didin’t have 6 me 6 )$ 6 9 et#
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16 Tenses In English
Eg : 9999999999999999 %.
(o 6S 6 have 6 /s 6 )$ 9999.A (oes
Eg : 9999999999999999 5.
BW 6 will 6 S 6 have 6 someone 6 )$ 6 9 A
Eg : When 9999999999999999.. 8.
Who 6 has 6 someone 6)$ 6 99 A
Eg : Who has 999999999999 =.
&ave 6 someone 6 )$ 6 99 J
L suruhlah 99J
Eg : 99999999999999 +.
S 6$. won’t have 6 one’s house 6 )5 6 9 et#
Saya tidak akan menge#atkan rumahku. L 9999999999999999 %.
(o 6S 6 have 6 something 6 )5 99 today A (oes
'pakah +udi mereparasikan mo"ilnya hari ini A L 999999999999999999... A 5.
BW 6 did 6 S 6 have 6 something 6 )5 6 9 yesterday
(imana Evi men#a"utkan giginya kemarin L 99999999999999999.
8.
Who 6 will have 6 ne’s 6 sth 6 )5 6 99 A
Siapa yang akan "erpoto A L Who will have one’s pi#ture taken A ne’s pi#ture L seseorang yang "elum diketahui.
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16 Tenses In English
IST OF TRANSITI>E @ >ERIn"initi,e No
<ata asa&=
Past Tense
Past Pa&tii!le
>1
>)
>*
P&esent Pa&tii!le >
The ?eaning in In#onesian+
$
to do
did
done
Ping
menger!kan, melakukan.
%
to have
had
had
having
mempunyai
5
to tell
told
told
Ping
mengatakan, men#eritakan, menyuruh.
8
to own
owned
owned
Ping
memiliki
=
to read
read
read
Ping
mem"a#a
>
to write
wrote
written
writing
menulis
?
to listen
listened
Ped
Ping
mendengarkan
@
to speak
spoke
spoken
Ping
"er"i#ara, pandai "er"ahasa
F
to say
said
said
Ping
"erkata, mengatakan
$G
to ask
asked
Ped
Ping
"ertanya, meminta, menyuruh
$$
to answer
answered
Ped
Ping
men!awa"
%$to "orrow
"orrowed
Ped
Ping
memin!am ;dari<
$5
to lend
lent
lent
Ping
memin!amkan ;kepada<
$8
to give
gave
given
giving
mem"eri ;kan<
$=
to send
sent
sent
Ping
mengirim, menyuruh
$>
to repeat
repeated
Ped
Ping
mengulang
$?
to "uy
"ought
"ought
Ping
mem"eli
$@
to sell
sold
sold
Ping
men!ual
$F
to present
presented
Ped
Ping
menya!ikan ;#erita, materi<
%G
to wait ;for<
waited
Ped
Ping
menunggu
%$
to see
saw
seen
Ping
melihat, "ertemu, "erkenalan
%%
to visit
visited
Ped
Ping
mengun!ungi
%5
to invite
invited
Ped
inviting
mengundang, menga!ak
%8
to re!e#t
re!e#ted
Ped
Ping
menolak
%=
to refuse
refused
Ped
refusing
menolak ;tawaran, a!akan<
%>
to inprove
improved
Ped
improving
memper"aiki, meningkatkan
%?
to avoid
avoided
Ped
Ping
menghindari ;kan<
%@
to deny
denied
denied
Ping
menyangkal, mam"antah
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16 Tenses In English
%F
to arrange
arranged
Ped
arranging
menyusun, mengatur, meren#anakan
5G
to plan
planned
Pned
Ping
meren#anakan
5$
to make
made
made
making
mem"uat, menye"a"kan
5%
to "uild
"uit
"uilt
Ping
mem"angun, mendirikan
55
to "urry
"urried
"urried
Ping
mengu"urkan
58
to s#old
s#olded
Ped
Ping
memarahi
5=
to re"uke
re"uked
Pd
re"uking
memarahi
5>
to "ri"e
"ri"ed
Pd
"ri"ing
menyuap, menyogok
5?
to atta#k
atta#ked
Ped
Ping
menyerang
5@
to defend
defended
Ped
Ping
mempertahankan
5F
to enfor#e
enfor#ed
Pd
enfor#ing
memaksa, mem"erlakukan
8G
to learn
learnt
learnt
Ping
"ela!ar
8$
to study
studied
studied
Ping
mempela!ari
8%
to #opy
#opied
#opied
Ping
menyalin
85
to #ompose
#omposed
Pd
#omposing
menyusun, mengarang
88
to review
reviewed
Ped
Ping
mengulang kem"ali
8=
to interview
intervived
Ped
Ping
mewawan#arai
8>
to repair
repaired
Ped
Ping
mereparasi
8?
to know
knew
known
Ping
mengetahui, tahu, kenal
8@
to understand
understood
understood
Ping
mengerti
8F
to take
took
taken
taking
mengam"il, mengantarkan
=G
to eat
ate
eaten
Ping
makan
=$
to drink
drank
drunk
Ping
minum
=%
to su"stitute
Pd
Pd
su"tituting
mengganti
=5
to su##eed
Ped
Pd
Ping
"erhasil, menggantikan
=8
to devide
Pd
Pd
dividing
mem"agi
==
to nominate
Pd
Pd
nominating
men#alonkan
=>
to #ook
Ped
Ped
Ping
memasak
=?
to re#eive
Pd
Pd
re#eiving
menerima
=@
to "elieve
Pd
Pd
"elieving
per#aya
=F
to agree
Pd
Pd
Ping
setu!u
>G
to disagree
Pd
Pd
Ping
tidak setu!u
>$
to propose
Pd
Pd
proposing
mengusulkan
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16 Tenses In English
>%
to oppose
Pd
Pd
opposing
menentang, melawan
>5
to predi#t
Ped
Ped
Ping
meramalkan
>8
to let
Ped
Ped
Pting
mem"iarkan, mengi!inkan
>=
to put
Ped
Ped
Pting
meletakkan
>>
to #ut
Ped
Ped
Pting
memotong
>?
to #ontinue
Pd
Pd
Ping
meneruskan, melan!utkan
>@
to draw
drew
drawn
Ping
menggam"ar, menarik
>F
to think
thought
thought
Ping
"erpikir, "erpendapat
?G
to express
Ped
Ped
Ping
menyatakan, mengutarakan
?$
to prove
Pd
Pd
proving
mem"uktikan
?%
to remem"er
Ped
Ped
Ping
ingat
?5
to remind
Ped
Ped
Ping
mengingatkan
?8
to warn
Ped
Ped
Ping
memperingatkan
?=
to memoriKe
Pd
Pd
memoriKing
mengingatCingat, menghafal
?>
to forget
forgot
forgotten
Pting
melupakan
??
to admire
Pd
Pd
admiring
mengagumi, memu!i
?@
to praise
Pd
Pd
praising
memu!i
?F
to insult
Ped
Ped
Ping
menghina
@G
to su"mit
Pted
Pted
Pting
menyerahkan
@$
to report
Ped
Ped
Ping
melaporkan
@%
to open
Ped
Ped
Ping
mem"uka
@5
to shut
Ped
Ped
Pting
menutup
@8
to #lose
Pd
Pd
#losing
menutup
@=
to mark
Ped
Ped
Ping
manandai, mem"eri tanda
@>
to weigh
Ped
Ped
Ping
menim"ang
@?
to measure
Pd
Pd
measuring
mengukur
@@
to evaluate
Pd
Pd
evaluating
mengevaluasi
@F
to taste
Pd
Pd
tasting
men#i#ipi, merasa ;dengan lidah<
FG
to hold
held
held
Ping
memegang, mengadakan
F$
to tou#h
Ped
Ped
Ping
menyentuh, mera"a
F%
to tea#h
taught
taught
Ping
menga!ar
F5
to return
Ped
Ped
Ping
mengem"alikan
F8
to reply
replied
replied
Ping
men!awa"
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