Tenses Hindi &English

Tenses in English & Hindi

The Present Tense So what is the Present Tense? It’s simply sentences like ‘I eat’, ‘He reads’, ‘They drink’, They speak She reads I eat (said by a male)

वे बोऱते ह ve bolte hain वह  ऩढत  ह voh parhtee hai  म खाता  ह main khaataa hoon

The Present Continuous Tense Present Contin Present Continous ous is used used to describ describe e actions actions in the curre current nt time that that have n मान ) का  उऩयोग  वतणमान  मान  काऱ  के उन  गतवधय  के वव  Present Continous (अऩरण वतणमान  the Present Continuous Tense is just sentences that include ‘-ing’ to show something is ‘Mohit is going’. Can you see each of these sentences include ‘-ing’? hain  हम  ऱख  हे ह ham likh rahe hain We are writing ब  खा  ह  है voh seb khaa rahee hai  She is eating an apple वह  सेब  Present Perfect (परण वणमान  मान ) Present Perfect Perfect is used used to describe describe actions actions in the current current time that have bee bee मान ) का  उऩयोग  वतणमान  मान  काऱ  के उन  गतवधय  के वव  Present Continous (अऩरण वतणमान  I have walked .: .:यह  वाय  बताता  है क  म चऱा       ॉह  को  लमऱा  क  वबण बना  है. The process of walking has been completed.

यह  वतणमान  मान  म ऩ  रण   ुह ई  ई  हकत  का  वव    रण

The train has come.:यहाॉ has come को  जो  क  वबण बना  है औ  यह  वाय  बताता  है च  क  है - हकत  ऩ  रण है.   ुक    रण Here also, has come indicates that the process of the coming is complete.

क  े

Present Perfect Continous (स  मान )   ् परण वणमान  Present Perfect Continous is used to indicate that some action in the current मान ) उन  काय  के बाे म बताता  है जो  ऩछऱे Present Perfect Continous (सतत    ् ऩरण वतणमान  I have been walking.:यह  वाय  बताता  है

क  म चऱ  हा    ह  मान  म हो  ह  एक    ॉ - यह  वतणमान  शद  को  लमऱा  क  वबण बना  है.

Here the tense is formed formed by three three word wordss - have have been been w walkin alking. g. It stat states es an an action action t continues to happen.

The train has been coming late for the last ten days.: यहाॉ has been coming को  जो  दन  से ऱगाता  वऱभ  से आ  ह  है - दे  से आने क  अऩ    रण हक  This describes an coming of the train, which has been happen

The Past Tense  Where were you? I was at home was were was were

आऩ  कहा  थे? aap kahaan the? म  घ  ऩ  था  था  (for Singular Masculine) थे (for Plural Masculine) थी  (for Singular Feminine ) थीॊ (for Plural Feminine )

The book was on the table :

कताब  मे  ऩ  थी 

The Past Continuous Tense Past Continous (अऩ  ण I was walking (said by a male):म चऱ  हा  था  main cal rahaa thaa We were reading books: हम  कताब ऩढ  हे थे What were you doing? त    ुम  या  क  हे थे? Where were you going? (Said to a female): आऩ  कहाॉ जा  ह  थीॊ? Past Perfect (परण भ ) Past Perfect is used to describe actions in the current time that have been co I had walked  that day.:यह  वाय  बताता  है क  म चऱा  था  - यह  भ    त  म ऩ    रण   ुह ई  हकत  का  है. यहाॉ had walked इन  दोनो  शद  को  लमऱा  क  वबण बना  है.

The train had arrived  when I reached the station.: यहाॉ had arrived को  जो  क  वबण ब  यह  वाय  बताता  है क  ेन  आ  च    ुक  थी  - आने क  या  ऩ      हो  च    ुक  थी  - हकत  ऩ    रण थी .

Past Perfect Continous (स    ् परण भ ) Past Perfect Continous is used to indicate that some action in the past time h on for some time and is not yet over in reference to that timeframe. Past Perfect Continous (सतत    ् ऩ    रण भ    त)  उन  काय  के बाे म बताता  है जो  ऩछऱे क    ु छ  स  औ  भ    त  के समय  के सॊदभण म ऩ    रण नहॊ हए  थे.

  ान  मे  हो  ह  िए   I had been walking: यह  वाकय  बाा  है  ि  म  चऱा  हा  था   - यह  वणम यहा  had been walking इन  ीन  शद  िो  मऱा  ि  वबण  बना  है. 

The train had been coming late regularly upto last week.: यहाॉ had been coming

को  ज  औ  यह  वाय  बताता  है क  वतणमान  म ेन  ऩछऱे सपताह  तक  नयलमत  ऩ  से वऱभ  से आने क  अऩ    रण हकत  ऱगाता  जा  थी  - हकत  सतत   ् अऩ    रण ह  थी .

Future Indefinite (सामाय  भवषय ) Future Indefinite is used to present general truths and habitual actions. Future Indefinite (सामाय  भवय ) का  उऩयोग  साधार  सय  औ  आदतन  हकतओॊ Future Continous ( अप    ूरण

का 

भवषय )

Future Continous is used to describe actions in the current time that have no Future Continous (अऩ    रण भवय ) का  उऩयोग  भवय  काऱ  के उन  गतवधय  के ववर 

I shall be walking when you reach the ground.: यह  वाय  बताता  है क  म ववर  है. यहाॉ shall be walking इन  दोनो  शद  को  लमऱा  क  वबण बना  है.

चऱता  ह     ॊगा  -

The train will be standingwhen you arrive at the station.: यहाॉ will be standing को  जो  क  जब  आऩ  ऩहॊचौगे तब  ेन  खी  होगी  - खी  हने क  या  भवय  के उस  समय  के सॊद  ण

Future Perfect (परण

भवषय )

Future Perfect is used to describe actions in the future that have been compl  Future Perfect (अऩरण भवय ) का  उऩयोग  भवय  काऱ  के उन  गतवधय  के ववर  क 

I shall have walked .:यह  वाय  बताता  है क  म चऱा  च    ुका  होउॊगा  - यह  भवय  के जस  स  मेे चऱने क  या  ऩरण हो  चक  होगी . यहाॉ shall have walked इन  तीन  शद  को  लमऱा  क 

The train will have arrived by the time you reach.: यहाॉ will have come को  जो  क  व  भवय  के समयखड  म ेन  आ  च    ुक  होगी  - आने क  या  उस  समय  तक  ऩ      हो  च    ुक  हो 

Future Perfect Continous (स    ्  अपरण

भवषय )

Future Perfect Continous is used to indicate that some action in the future ti Future Perfect Continous (सतत    ् अऩ    रण भवय ) उन  काय  के बाे म बताता  है जो  भव 

I shall have been walking .:यह  वाय  बताता  है

क  म चऱता  हा  होउॊगा      ॉह  - यह  भवय    

shall have been walking

इन  चा  शद  को  लमऱा  क  वबण बना  है.

The train will have been coming  on time by next month.: यहाॉ will have been coming बताता  है क  भवय  म ेन  दस  दन  से ऱगाता  वऱभ  से आ  ह  है - दे  से आने क  अऩ     ऱगाता  जा  हेगी  - हकत  सतत   ् अऩरण हेगी .

ण

they show a present action!

t been completed.

कया  जाता  है जो  ऩे नहॊ हऐ  ह. happening now! ‘I am eating’, ‘They are running’,

 

completed.

कया  जाता  है जो  ऩे हो  चके ह. र  है. यहाॉ

have walked

इन  दोनो  शद 

न  आ  च    ुक  है - आने क  या  ऩ      हो 

time has been going on for some time and is not yet over. कछ  समय  से चऱ  हे ह औ  अभी  तक  ऩरण नहॊ हए  ह.

कत  का  ववर  है. यहाॉ

has been walking

इन  तीन 

hat has been happening for some time and still

क  वबण बना  है औ  यह  वाय  बताता  है क  वतणमान  म ेन  दस  ऱगाता  जा  है - हकत  सतत   ् अऩ    रण है. ing for some time and still continues.

 

mpleted.

ववर 

 ा  है औ 

as been going

य  से चऱ  हे ह

ि  िा  ववर  है. 

  क  वबण बना  है ह  थी  - दे  से

रन  कने के लऱये कया  जाता  है.

t been completed.

कया  जाता  है जो  ऩ    े नहॊ हऐ  ह. यह  भवय  म हो  ह  एक  हकत  का 

क  वबण बना  है औ  यह  वाय  बताता  है म अऩ    रण होगी .

 

ted.

 ा  जाता  है जो  ऩे हो  चके ह. यखड  के सॊदभण म बात  हो  ह  है उसम वबण बना  है. बना  है औ  यह  वाय  बताता  है क    ी  - हकत  ऩ    रण होगी .

e will be going on for some time and will be not yet over (with reference to that ti  म कछ  समय  से चऱ  हे ह औ  उस  समय  के सदभण म ऩ    रण नहॊ हए  ह.

हो  ह  एक  हकत  का  ववर  है. यहाॉ

 ो  जो  क  वबण बना  है औ  यह  वाय  भवय  के उस  समय  के सॊदभण म हकत 

 

eframe).

Nouns ऩऱॊग  palang  - Bed (M) कताब  kitaab - Book (F) ऱका larkaa - Boy (M) and ऱक  larkee - Girl (F)

Pronouns First Person Singular  First Person Plural Second Person Singular  Second Person Plural

Third Person Singular 

म   main - I हम  ham - We त     too - You (Intimate) त    ुम  tum - You (Informal) आऩ  aap - You (Formal) यह  yah - He / She/ It / This वह  vah - He / She/ It / That ये ye - These / They वे ve- Those / They

Third Person Plural

Adjectives So what are adjectives? Well, they are simply describing words, they describe things! Example

छ  टा  ऱका  chotaa larkaa - A Small Boy

Verbs words that show some action of some sort is taking place. For English, generally a word is ver The ‘main’ form of a verb is called the eg.ऩढना 

parhnaa

-

Infinitive.

To Read (or To Study)

2 Adjective (एडजेटय )

वशेषर  Adjective

वह  शद  है जो  Noun का  वरणन  कता  है या  उनके बाे म सॊकत े   देता  है, जैसे क  ॊग-   

The word that describe the noun - that elaborate on the appearance, quality, quantity etc. - is known a 3 Pronoun (ोनाउन )

सवणनाम 

Pronoun

वह  शद  ह  जो  Noun के थान  ऩ  योग  कया  जाता  ह .

Pronoun is the word used in place of a noun, generally to avoid repetition of the noun.

4 Verb (वबण)

या  Verb

वह  शद  या  शद  का  सम    ह  ह  जो  Noun के वषय  म क    ु छ  कहे अथवा  उनके को  काय  का  क 

Verb is the word or group of words that says something about the noun or expresses some action by t 5 Adverb (एडवबण)

या  वशेषर  Adverb वह  शद  है जो  Verb, Adjective या  अय  Adverb के अथण को  स    ुधाे या  उसक  वशेषता  An adverb is the word that improvises or expresses some characteristics of the verb, adjective or some 6 Preposition (ेऩोजशन )

सबध  सचक -अयय  Preposition वह  शद  ह  जो  कसी  Noun या  Pronoun के साथ  योग  कया  जाता  ह    जो  उस  Preposition is a word used with a noun or pronoun. It expresses the relationship of that noun or prono

7 Conjunction (कॊज ॊ शन )

समचय  बोधक  अयय  Conjunction वह  शद  है जो  दो  शद  या  वाय  को  जोता  है. Conjunction is the word that joins two words or sentences.

8 Interjection (इॊटजेशन )

वमयाद  बोधक  अयय  Interjection वह  शद  है जो  अचानक  दऱ  से कट  होने वाऱ  भावना  को  दशाणता  है. Interjection is the word that expresses the strong sudden sentiments sometimes experienced.

s are Big, Small, Fat, Green, Cold etc etc

if you can put ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ at the end.

,

ग    ुर-  दोष , सॊया , आद .

s an adjective.

ना  कट  के. e noun.

कट  के. other adverb.

oun

या  Pronoun का  सबध  कसी  द    से

un with some other noun or pronoun.

Noun

या  Pronoun से दलशत  कता  ह .