Transylvania

TRANSYLVNI

ov ctu: Rf Chch  Mglk6

T R A N SYL V A N I A he Pathos of a Reormation radition

M EUGENE OSTERHAVEN

Table of C

PREAE

Te histor o ctain areas, nations, and eoe has a rare ascination which deies comarison Transyania is such an area  elativel small and, to mos people, unown, iece o territor, ts mied opulation seems to ave eeienced ore than its share of te joys and sorrows whch ay on te eotons o peole Te story of Translvania shoul inteest tose who cheris the Rormation tradition, or the utern and the Reforme churches there reach ar back nto  stnh cnty Hngi lvnists an Saon Lutherans ae ritten an iressive che n the histor o their respctive taditions and toether have str

IS IS ASAIA  ma part of the word there are regon tamped wth dentte umtakaby ther own eve though the are part of overegn tate One ch regon n Europe  Tranyvana. Perhap a ubte combnaton of htory, popaton, prt, and the beat of t and haped Tranyvana nto a nqe commnit whre dfferet atoate, regon, and clture hav ved de by de for centre. ertan, geography too h elped imbe Tanyvana' fve and onehaf mon peope with a peca character Roghy the ze of Portga or ghtly arger than the State of ane, Tranyvana  tuated on a hgh patea n the eatern part of the dde Danbe, or arpathan Bain. Batonke, the apathan ountan' eaternmot and othern arc preent a natra border to the northeat, eat, and oth that eparate Tranlvana from the pan of Waacha and odava. The wetern border, e of a natra barrer,  marked b wde vaey and hily regon, graday decendng to the Grea

to tha pecula phlooph, o tate o md, ote eered to a the Tavaa Spt" Aothe pheomeno pecuar to Travana, where Eaten ad Wete Euope have met thoughout hto,  the extece, de b de, of the three maor Crta rego Roma Catocm and Potetatm embaced b the Hugaran and the Saxon, ad the Othodo and Eater Rte Catholc chuche of the Rumana Toda anothe theefold condto chaacterze Tranvana Geo graphcal he  tuated n Cetal Euope Poltcall he  n Eate Europe And cutual he  moe or le  Wete Euope Sce the ed of Wod War II, Tranlvana, lke other pat o Euope ad Aa, ha bee expoed to a ew deoog, arxm It  perhap too ear to conclude how he Tanlvanan Spt" ha reacted to the ew fuece It  certa, howeve, that te ter natonallmded Marxt plooph, couped wth Rumaa a toalm, w have a pronounced mpact on te Tanlvana wa o thnkg, a t alead ha had on the Tanvaa wa o e Th ef teate eek to llumnate acet of the country ot uual treated  the commo tourt gude Thee  a hort decp to of the ad ad of thoe ted b tog bod o ove to ther natve o, the eee moutan and foet, the ver ad parklng ake, and the cte and vlage Some hghght o Tanvaan

 AD AD IS PEOPS After Word War  the three great power the United State  Americ Great Britain and France rehaped the face of Eatentra ope The AtoHngarian onarchy and with it the nity of te nbin in was dismnted and broken into ma tte. Trn syvani an integra part of Hngary or amot one thoand years a given to Rumania. The area awarded by the Trianon eace Treaty of 19 known today a Tranyvania i btantiay ger than the hitorica Tran syvania which payed ch an important roe between 16 and 691  n independent principaity garding freedom of ctre and reigio hie Hngry proper angihed nde Ottoman occpation It con ain ao a wide trip of the Great Hngarian Pain adjoining it from he wet We noted earier that Tranyvania i approximatey the ize o ortga. That mean that it forty thoand qare mie make it bot two and onehaf time a arge a Switzerand to which it 

t oveemngy Hngaan popaton The mountan ae moty covered by foet, he the h and vaey a under ntenve agctra ctvaton Tranyvana  epecay rch n mnera God, ron, at, coa, and natura ga make pobe a properng ndtry t rver ofe hydro-eectrc poer the pent quarre n the montan factat the contrcton and mantenance of road. The foret, athog greaty depeted by eceve and nwe epotaton unde Rumanan e, ae the fondaton o a thvng mber ndut and uppy the need o bdng OPU AO The popaton pctre  compcated throughout the Danban Ban. Th  even moe true n Tranyvana he three man na onate Rmanan Hngaran, and erman ve n ettement that can not be eay dvded namch a mot of the terrtory  dotted by med communte of vayng ethnc proporton The Rmanan ve n to reatvey pre ethn concentraton, oe n the oth comprng the counte of ebenbu, ogaraa gara, HunyadHnedoara, KraCara, and part o hahor e other  n the north preadng over MramaoMaramue, eter

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f      t   o  . f   T  t   h  h    e      A l        w  p s   o i   s  f       F      o  o    ga    r  as      i   n n s    y l    t   h           S   o     ut    b  h      m  o  d  C    t         p           c     [  

the Eectve ottee f the aa Cot Part decded to aboh a adtratve dtrct, cdg the uresaar uo nomous errior ad retu to the prewar cout tem h pe the ed of the htherto oa atoo of th Hugara area Overwhemg Gera area ca be fod  the outher coute of K-Kk/aava ca, ag-Kk/aava Mare, fehr/ba, zee/bu, ogara/agara, ad aroud ra/ra ov he 1948 ceu ted 145,713 Gera peakg peope here hee Gera were etted b the Hgara kg  the thr teeth cetr the ca theeve ao Aother arge group ued to ve arod zzrge/Regh,  the cout of arotorda/re ad ezterce/trta but ot of te emgrated to Gera ad tra at the ed of the ecod Word War he 1948 ce foud  2,162 ravaa ao  the cout of Marotorda/ure ad 5,370  ezterce/trta  Other Germa, caed waba are  greater tregth o the pa, former part of Hugar proper,  the dtrct of ee orot!orota, Kra/ara, r/ever ad rad hee waba were etted b the Haprg at the tr of the eghteeth cetur o the ew reoccuped tertore where th rk ao eterated the orga Hgara popato I the cot of eme orot!orota the 1910 Hgara ceu ow the Gera

he aa authte have bee do everthg wth th power to aeeate th devepet b refu ett pert  thee te to the oud Hugara popato whe proot the f of eth a fro the eat the uaa of the prerao ear eo opoto  the forr Hara terrtore oe foow the eth dvo Hgaa are oa atho avt ad Utara the ravaa Sao are Luthera the Swaba f the /aat are a atho  the uaa beoed to the reek Othodo ad reek Cathoc chrhe ut ater the Secod Word Wa whe the atter wa forb tegrated to the reek Orthodo hrh he proporto baed o the eu of 1910 that tabuated the data fo isorial Trana o are a foow ee Ooox ee oi

794 7904 152

aa omn oi inis

922 375325 399312

A BRIEF HSTORY Tranvania irt appear in ritten hitor in Roman time a the home o the Dacian onquere b the Emperor Trajan it became a Roan provnce ater  AD an peron fro a part o the Em pre etd there repacing the near etinct native popuation n e poed otpot, Dacia wa given up in   the Eperor Areian ho to qot the hitrian Vopicu ed awa boh odier an pro vincia" etting them in northern uaria The Roman etter aving compete abanoned the province, Tranvania remained the coroad o migrating peope during the net even centrie beginning ith the arp and ending with the Sav and Avar An accompihment o Roman rue were tingihed and the provinc pae on a tangentia roe in the region' hitor Foowing the agar conqe o the Carpathian Bain in 89, Hungarian tribe entere the provine throgh the Maro (Mre vaey and the eze Gate etbihing themeve on the centra pain he triba ke (ga adopted Bzantine hritianit an entertained

 R A  S Y V A  I A ! <   H  F T H CNTU

etter to mgrate to e outer trc etween  a  e Saon were granted far-reachng autonomy a regtered n Kng An drew II' harer of . Ther prvege regardng admnraon, ary ervce court and taato remaned n effect amo n changed nt 8 Docment from  on meton he preence of Rmanian (Vach, Bacc) n the outhe Fogara (agara) dtrc nder he ow chef ( kenez) The waterhed of Trayvanan hory  he Tarar nvaon of  when he town and ferte rver valley were devaaed. T dercton deermned ao the permanent decne of drect roya power namuch a the kng fro now on had o rey on the nobe n orde o rebd Tranyvanan etement and ther economy. To ecre he oya cooperaon Hngaran kng donated frher eae o e Rmanan mountaneer and hepherd comng from he northern Ba kan were permed to enter Tranyvana n order to compenae fo the manpower oe of  Mo of hem eed n he Bhar (or Monan and he Mrmaro (Maramre) regon or e Hnya (Hnedoara) and Fogara (Fagara) area The forteenth century wtneed frher deveopmen of he hi orca" naton. The kng' frt-born on, who p n now had hed

prove pae  ar roe  Hugra ad urope hr  twee 4 ad 9 h Huad, geera a aer rege of Hugar coducted ma ampag aga he urk a  he ae of Be grade (4) uceeed  hag urkh epao fr he e ev e year H o, Matha kg of Hugar (89), ecme a e Reae kg, oeg a rge brr of ode foud uvr ite, ad ave parcptg  he affar of he Ho Roma Empre emporr he eve acqured he errore of Morava, ea a ower Aur for he Hugara ro Upo he deah of Mha he apoa am beme powerfu  ryva. oh apoa wa eeed kg of Hugr foowg he fael bttle of Mohc () aga he urk. However, v wa eued whe pr of he Hugara eae eee Ferdad of Hp burg a kg of Hga Upo Zpoa' deah, h wdow ad fa so, oh gmd, adved b rda George Maruzz, ame he throe d cled for rkh hep e urk oere Bua ad estblhed oh gmud  rava, ea oa rue  he d of the prce ad he eae he ew rvaa prpa a faed wh he dve for of he Rformo utheram wa oo repaed  am amog te Hugaras though retnd b he Sao whe Uara foud aeret mog te zekeys, par of whom, however remaed ah

a called n by oe Szkely aant te renn prnce Simnd Bthory only to per at te and of te aan of Genera Bata, repreetn Imperal Atra, after one year of rle. Prnce Geore Rkczy I (  48   led a campan to acqre th o crown n  bt te Trk ntervened earn te growt of  power. Tranylvana wa dvatated bt rvved a a prncpalty for another trty year and onted to be a Trk and Frec al aant te Hapbr Te ccefl reconqt of Hnary by t mt-natonal Ha br arme ended Tranyvann ndependence T ndependence a elped to preerve Hnaran cltre drn te Trk perod, a t wen t provnce aeved internatonal fame and provded a kn for Poand n the peron of Stepen tory (8. Upon te death o Prnce cael Apaffy , te cncellor, icael Telek, ned te tran fer of te provnce to te Hapbr Tranylvna rejoned te Hna ran rown t wa admntered by a parate cancery n Venna. T cancellor were member of te nobly of te htorc naton" b Hapbr contro wa not permanently ared ntl the defeat o t arme of Prnce Frnc Rkczy II n     . Drn the eventeent and eteenth centre new wave o Rmanan ettler moved nto Trnylvana a te war of 84 and

m oply ollowg  Hpsbug vcto, Son lunc pvl  Tslvn o gtn s but ungn Szkl pssv ss tc nll sul n t AustoHngn Compoms of 87 un wc Tsylv jon Hung mstrly T po btw t Copos nd t Fst Wold W s t bgnnngs of ustlzton d lo pnson conom pogss fl, owv, to ocom t ntonl ntgonsms mong t tols spt t b Nonlts Lw of 88 wc w bs upon rspct o t fom o t nvul Tnsylvnn Rums s  lck of ttol utoomy ltoug most o t p to lv n t psbg oncy t n t Run tt fomd n 8 ou o t on o olv n Wllc wnc t cv fnncl n ol sppot Dspt ssnt, o ws mtn n g pogss ws d n t fls of comc t, duto, nd nst A n ungn, So, n Rumnn ml clss mg om t ns of t gong numbs of g cool guts t Unvst of olozsv Clj) n vous s nt tts w ound nd lmnt ducto ws m co ulsoy Rumn,  nomnl ll o t Tpl Allnc consstng o  m, Aus-Hung n tly, cng ss n  9   n ttck

T NSYLV NI  N TE T CU

Orgally a rec aly aa ell uner era fuec  9 ater the Set ultatu orcig her to cee Besara a Nothe Bka t t USS. at the sae te ulgara a H gary ere rssg terrtral ea agas her Hugara eas ee arbitrate o ugut , 9  he Viea ar restorig t Hgay the orther a sutheaster cunties o Transylni here te ulk of the ugara a Szekely opulto as cocetrte.  9 uaa jo te Th Rich i ts ght aginst th Siet Uo ut once era r otunes eclie a Soiet toops d tre uaa the gement as oetho n o ugust 3 9 uaa joe the allie poers. s a ear she s alloe to miister Northen rasyvni nd, oining the Cuist o eoe Hugry she regae tht tio unde the Paris Pece et o 9

REDM  RLIGON AD CSI N RYVI Beore te avet o te sciece o cutural atropology scoars epene o ei uerstaning o te atioal caracteristcs o a peop on te accuuate oservatos o te ceturies May o these national caracteristics kon as nationm proprietates i te scoary Lain of te tie ere no or ta ortsneckrei, or oca jesting b tere as i te uch tougtu oservatio ase o acts as e it respect to Tansylvania te ost coo caracterizatos ae to e te a o reeo" or te an o reeo o reigio a cosciene e oigin o tese provers is te ecaratos or reig ous reeo eclare i sixteet cetury rasyvaia. Te surpiin act is tat eteen 144 an 4 soe tenty-to las granting reeo or the practce o e teoogica oions ere nacte y te parliaent cale te Diet o rasyvaa No oter arliaent ayere passe so uch egisatio coceing reigious

ac of th chuchs an o stiln the ontovesis that have aisn in t osl tachin, e hav c to stabish a na tional sno, whri n th snc of vot ministes of th Wo o o, as ll as oth mn of an, nuin comaisons o octin ma b mad and une o's uianc, issnsion an diffncs of oinion i rliion ma b mov his s the first legslato grneein freeo of religion in ny ounry. t eres tht ne religions o he o prtiipe in  ntion syno here n the resene o iisters of te Wor of o n eruite lyen oprisons of otine ight e e hree of e tenty-to ls entioe oe o not grnt freeo of te pr ie of religon to tree e religios, though they ffir the e of eigious freeo in generl, euse the representies of the ne iths ere uniling to iscuss their ehings efore the ntion syno On he oter hn, prtily eey ne piee of legision onrning eligion s ente fter isussio y the syno hose eeings ee siir o ongressiona herings toy Meers of the Diet of rn sylvni oul ten s uitors n ees on eigion ere e orgnze Kng John Sigisun hiself, fter his other's eth, often tene lough he neer presie. he pesiin offier s us ppointe y the king n s inrl  ee n respete perso

pos on on o is ein or i is  i o Go is omes fom earin d eri  e wor o Go (e ripres) racs Da straye urther r Scrture  hs attrtara s s shckig hs llers that st  the reture t the e re Church Kg Jh Sgsu e ueectely at the age  tety-e years  11 The et rle  rasylaa te thry cre the re us las hch ee ha eer ee a lishe ut rae urther eates  the Natal Sy  e c cet eerge the syste  recee relgs c recgze the a Cathlc the uthera the ere a the Utara Churches ut rae urther aj lgus ats art r the litats  ts e ccet the srt  ree  elg e ca a trati  Trasylaa a as terrete as te ree  cnscece as ell as suseuet cetres test     te Tra sylaas ere eers  ree  eery el cl ltcal lerty

 i    n       g  

      c       

      p     T  o     k         i    d         a   g  o   , D i             s   t   U  �    ,  i       i    n i           i              g  5        6    o  8  i    s    ,  h   d       i    s   O          i        h             o   g  a   e     i                i           g        o        b  i    s         e  o A  f           n r   a   g     e  l   

KOOZVA E APITAL OF TAYVAA n mnin Clu n mn Klsnrg

h cptl of Trnslvni is olozsvr. Toy it is not n min ttiv or poliicl cpitl bt thr  cultur on It is t lg ty in th trtory tht Hng s compll to c to mni n t pc ttis o 0 n 4 ts sttistics ov t lst  cs  s follos Totl

Y



9 9 9

,88 ,4 ,9

a:

,4  ,9

a



O

, ,8 4,

, , 

8 8, ,

FotoN

 

3

 soy o Koosv s a ssta sarae a aat pat of h history o Hungay its vy stoe testyg to this act o th ti of th oig of the cout gloy a gloo vasta tion an n ginings fo a ossio tulnc a ac ul ogss hv  th stiy o t city Scoug y Tata hos n h thitth ctry fn agaist Tukish sig in th si nth aaud a oss y uia cenais in th sv nth cntuy, invad y ussia aris i 89 a 9, an ocpd y t maians in 99 n 4 th pop of Kolosv v ad o tn thi sh of haship a sffing. ut Kolozsvaians hv also itt som o the ost glorious cods of Hnin histoy. Din h is o th kings o th ou o pd, Hungy's fist ynasy Kolosv evop into an mpotnt city In th fouth ctuy it as a vrital stat ithi  stat it as ovhl ith pivls y th Hugaian ings thias Coius t at ing, s o h i . In  sixtnth ctuy Kolosv as h city hich ca amous caus of its stong stan fo liy of onscic. Kolozsv gav siitual lashi to th foratio  Tra vnia an it oplaio cam th chamions of Potstantis i hat ost astn stonghold of th Potstat ol Fancis Dvi

 o, o pop om, i iniuion, nd por  n  inn it   Hungin mnt o h iy' popua ion i oundd h iniuion. Ti mk i douy hr o Hungain  or, or that mr, or pop o goodil nyre, o in  upion o Hungain ur in Koozv oay HSTOICA LANDAS OF OOSV  oozv i on o  od ii in od Hungy. Duing  im o omn rul a on knon  Npoa ood , poy ui ov  i o  om Din popuon n. Sva nui ar  Hungin o am o op   ui  od p o  pn i  vro Od Fo on  nin un. In  min pza at te n o thi Od Fo  tr givn y King S pn V a poimd o  on  in h middl o t in nuy. T O Fo a  oiid on uoundd y ug . T gr p o  on,  ion t m o  ui ouid   o  Od Fo,  i urround  poiv l. T , oiid i ion,  dmolih a  nd o  ninn ny nd ony   ion v n lt in Th mo iking on, omp i i on orii ion  oc Bhln Bion may  n a  oninuion o

K  o l     o zs  v  a  r  i    n  t   h   e  1       t    

 c   en t   u     . E n   g     v         g  b    y  G 

nly, t  s suound y nissnce-style os  odo usss n t y t pltil hos o Hunin ais ots ny o t uldns v n psv in ti oiinl o T pis ous, t Jsi nson, t Szty ansion n  oqu Bny lc   . On o te ost utiul oqsy uidin in t ty is t o ToldlgiKoa nsio t t on o Ky nd Mno Stts (tody Std Auustus 23) tt s ut n 1801 nd 1807 y th Itlin ctct Clo Jsi n  son son o t ity, n t Bthn Bston, t  otd on o t ost cctistic suctus o Tnsylnin ss itctu It is t gt od Cuc on Fks t tody Std Koglnicnu) nd s on o te ol otiid hu o t ony Ts toss nd sinlen stctu, ul y Kn ttis I s on  Mnot cuc ut sinc t o on s svd  contion il Ap,  nc o Tnsylvni  id n  cuc's cypt n Kolozsv m und unin ul, Fs Stt s t n Qt, t st o scoos nd colls n Kolos Nxt to  Romd cuc is t uilding o t cuc's o igh sool ny non s t od Coll" T  i scool o

iet Hsogd Ceetey i Kolosv At th ot o the elek Moutai, it is te esti place o ay cuch igitaies uicipa d pulic igres, d te ees o outstadi Tasylvia  ilies.  spi  eve o preset ideooica a cutua strie, i syoies he passin o a ou taitio ic thoug ogotte y men, is ko o Go

 'Populatin Condtions n Tsylvn, o de

que,



la

Soc. ooe de

Stais-

Bpet .

Rcnamel Gr 



Popuaei

Rome 

ts cst 0

1930

Itttl nr  S-

Pots pb ici opula Rmn e le 25 Jn uar  1948, Isitutl Cenra d

tts rs 48

-

Aa

tttc

al

RP.R. 6 s

TE PRST STUTO O UARNS  TRSYV

 in  ud o oy ompd  Hungin n Tnyn o o und uni u y h id  hid iizns i o pion of   And i in he ioy ht hs n i hond fo on ound y Thi  fe of id i  izd  one of  indud y o nd he unin poic of oppion und i y d o i Tht poicy, o y ultu n vo,  d o  doion of Hungin o Souhn Tn yni o contion p in 1940 nd 1941; h s urdr, o gnod of Hungin in 44 nd 1945;  dpoions nd ipion n, und inhun ondiion of ound of Hungis nd h oniion of i nd nd o;  yi hn  peuion o Pon nd on Choi gy on tupdup hg nd hi un impionn o dpoion o on

ee appeang to e gng nfoato ufaoale to te state to a foege. With foats of the state n key pstos t s lttle oe that the Magyas ae to eeal the true feelgs only ithn the aily le  t fens on ose onee they a ely. UMN TITS To te a patula sae of teo, ate the looy suppesso f the ee ght  Hugay n 956 uana authotes aeste o false hages ay Hugaans luig Protestat stes a oa athol pests a sentene the to pso o to eath Th poltal tals of soe of these pesons ee ese  etal  t West ean eekly Der pieel in 96 The follog taken fro th atle ae typal: Irn Pte  a stuent o hstoy as sentee to te yeas  psoent eause se ote  her pate ay that she sypathze th the eents of Ote-oee 95 n Bapest. The ay as oun y the pole ug a seah of he hoe; Adrs Berezk a ee of the ounst party a hea of the Insttute of MaxsLens o the Bolya Unersty as sen

o  Bupe  u r  n g t votion o 1956 Seral hnre pop r tnc o mromnt or peros ranging ro o to hre yars ecause they ha een reporte to hae listene to h es roacasts  aio apes nos Dob ri a roessor at the fore heological Seinary a entenc o six years; a high school tacer na Komrom as sen tenc to ie yars and Dr s Lsl6 a inister o he our hnre year ol eore hrch at Kolozsr-Cl as senece to three ears iprisoe. e charge against all hree as that they ha i heir possession copies of he faos poe One Sence aot ran ny" y Gyla Illys a Hngrian ot an crretly er o te prsidiu o the Hngarian Writrs' ssociaion an puy caira o he Hngaria Pe l. George aley an rica ornalist, scrie the oppressio o Hngarians in ransylaia in Th Rporr o Nomr 964 ccord ing to hi ater the ching of the Hngarian olion of 195 hosands of Hngarians r arrsd prhaps hndrd  o ah n on rial alon in lj hirn o o fifsve accsed er xed Tis ar some igh hosand poliial prisoner r relased wi considrabl fanfar b h Ranian ovr· men in a gnral amnes B as far as  cold ascerain in m cn ravls hrogh ranslvania no on of h Hngarian

te il t use Rumanan n pul ey ll  sum dis· missed  ha seen h these egulatins  hen I sepd in a sh in agu Mues and ddessd h salel in Hungi h d i uanin  psistd in Hungian H esi in umni Finaly I ased him i he pe Hungian Whn  I n, he nsed in Hungaian "u e a und ds t spe Rumnian t smes I asked i Tg Mues s n the pitl f the Hungian Rein "h is the aital  imb,' he eplied Rmani's tnsfmtin fm n squius satllite pai ig "gnuin plian intenatinlim t a fiely independen inl tt pusuing a pliy f file imilatin f mini i is mpanid by a ppaganda ffense n a bd fnt th inludes th eiteetin f hiy s  methd f fuh ing th Rmaniniatin f Rumaia h mnin authitis h dpted a id aiey  the msues  islte th Hngian minity m nat ith h t  thm thin  s thei hmld  Hungain in Rumni must ait f si mnths t a yea  missin t isit atie

   o  n n t chst-p or ys utl

  umbd n joind  coltiv volutiy" A trust  inss from th Uit Sts lt tt  rev he st in 19 s in ospitl wit pnsiz lgs u to uch rmt. Rspctd pstfrmr  ti n foc o wlk og t sts of getemi s  lso o otrs ody ths psntfms who wr t bckbon of t o ecoomy r t mos misbly t mbrs in t colltivs n ygmt t ommnd of t Rumni militi torur nd blckmi my pop nil on nt  s bt sriously b yon Szkls. H ws nsf to  igboing Hungin villg   or to d  ong Hngin boy. An invstigtion  lunc t t q o  pnts n it ws stbli tt  boy h bn btn  dt T mud, ov, s o trnsfr on in, s nismn. Tis sm officil ws m  ling pty fnction in sznmiksorgni in  sum m of 9 njoying osdb po NN LS In odr to conc   iton of minoritis t Rmnin

is pssu y og d  s h a l l 'h ong pop do        · o h chch Oly ldly pop  t o   m ubl      •     bou yhig  ll bu ligion I   unr n suvill·        hv o v b fid of my o 1·eliv." Fo  fw xmpls of h pru  p  e   chchm '  .   owig iscs r id: Th scod loo of h Ro Teolgc Smiy s   k     ov by h Rumis wh hv    !     ooms fo poli smis giv o school ch  his f of poliicl psc  B  l  ,  Rfomd m  i Ngyby comid suicid n      io o msis   fomd miiss w hld i piso   lm Csih J k, c Viski d Kl V  r a ,  i i Abudb Thos lsd w: Dzs Lszl, Gsz{ Ars  Ngyb, n Jos Dobi  ofssor of Thology ua Dvi, J,  ssis  pf s ps cus h dlivd  commmov d t  omb of Jo Apczi Cs i h Hzsogrd Ct  o f h F dom gh in 9 Csr ws  ldig n iis of his im who oudd h Rfomd Collg o olo nd id in 9 Th siuio of h Rom Cholc Ch n Tsyvi is 

Rmnns ony so  ny Hngrin in rnsyni r c dmnd to conomic in wil ll ision  hop futur. T sittion of ur Mgyr rt in Trnsyi ks  moy of t ticls f  pc ris which wre id t protct ing ntion inoitis  ciistic poicy f ust Ru n its Stinist nti-Hgrinis disrgrds   right nd in tionl ligtion olny gd pon nd prid in pc tis f y cng in tt policy is dicd it is uly ore in sbilty tn in ssc