TRANSYLVNI
ov ctu: Rf Chch Mglk6
T R A N SYL V A N I A he Pathos of a Reormation radition
M EUGENE OSTERHAVEN
Table of C
PREAE
Te histor o ctain areas, nations, and eoe has a rare ascination which deies comarison Transyania is such an area elativel small and, to mos people, unown, iece o territor, ts mied opulation seems to ave eeienced ore than its share of te joys and sorrows whch ay on te eotons o peole Te story of Translvania shoul inteest tose who cheris the Rormation tradition, or the utern and the Reforme churches there reach ar back nto stnh cnty Hngi lvnists an Saon Lutherans ae ritten an iressive che n the histor o their respctive taditions and toether have str
IS IS ASAIA ma part of the word there are regon tamped wth dentte umtakaby ther own eve though the are part of overegn tate One ch regon n Europe Tranyvana. Perhap a ubte combnaton of htory, popaton, prt, and the beat of t and haped Tranyvana nto a nqe commnit whre dfferet atoate, regon, and clture hav ved de by de for centre. ertan, geography too h elped imbe Tanyvana' fve and onehaf mon peope with a peca character Roghy the ze of Portga or ghtly arger than the State of ane, Tranyvana tuated on a hgh patea n the eatern part of the dde Danbe, or arpathan Bain. Batonke, the apathan ountan' eaternmot and othern arc preent a natra border to the northeat, eat, and oth that eparate Tranlvana from the pan of Waacha and odava. The wetern border, e of a natra barrer, marked b wde vaey and hily regon, graday decendng to the Grea
to tha pecula phlooph, o tate o md, ote eered to a the Tavaa Spt" Aothe pheomeno pecuar to Travana, where Eaten ad Wete Euope have met thoughout hto, the extece, de b de, of the three maor Crta rego Roma Catocm and Potetatm embaced b the Hugaran and the Saxon, ad the Othodo and Eater Rte Catholc chuche of the Rumana Toda anothe theefold condto chaacterze Tranvana Geo graphcal he tuated n Cetal Euope Poltcall he n Eate Europe And cutual he moe or le Wete Euope Sce the ed of Wod War II, Tranlvana, lke other pat o Euope ad Aa, ha bee expoed to a ew deoog, arxm It perhap too ear to conclude how he Tanlvanan Spt" ha reacted to the ew fuece It certa, howeve, that te ter natonallmded Marxt plooph, couped wth Rumaa a toalm, w have a pronounced mpact on te Tanlvana wa o thnkg, a t alead ha had on the Tanvaa wa o e Th ef teate eek to llumnate acet of the country ot uual treated the commo tourt gude Thee a hort decp to of the ad ad of thoe ted b tog bod o ove to ther natve o, the eee moutan and foet, the ver ad parklng ake, and the cte and vlage Some hghght o Tanvaan
AD AD IS PEOPS After Word War the three great power the United State Americ Great Britain and France rehaped the face of Eatentra ope The AtoHngarian onarchy and with it the nity of te nbin in was dismnted and broken into ma tte. Trn syvani an integra part of Hngary or amot one thoand years a given to Rumania. The area awarded by the Trianon eace Treaty of 19 known today a Tranyvania i btantiay ger than the hitorica Tran syvania which payed ch an important roe between 16 and 691 n independent principaity garding freedom of ctre and reigio hie Hngry proper angihed nde Ottoman occpation It con ain ao a wide trip of the Great Hngarian Pain adjoining it from he wet We noted earier that Tranyvania i approximatey the ize o ortga. That mean that it forty thoand qare mie make it bot two and onehaf time a arge a Switzerand to which it
t oveemngy Hngaan popaton The mountan ae moty covered by foet, he the h and vaey a under ntenve agctra ctvaton Tranyvana epecay rch n mnera God, ron, at, coa, and natura ga make pobe a properng ndtry t rver ofe hydro-eectrc poer the pent quarre n the montan factat the contrcton and mantenance of road. The foret, athog greaty depeted by eceve and nwe epotaton unde Rumanan e, ae the fondaton o a thvng mber ndut and uppy the need o bdng OPU AO The popaton pctre compcated throughout the Danban Ban. Th even moe true n Tranyvana he three man na onate Rmanan Hngaran, and erman ve n ettement that can not be eay dvded namch a mot of the terrtory dotted by med communte of vayng ethnc proporton The Rmanan ve n to reatvey pre ethn concentraton, oe n the oth comprng the counte of ebenbu, ogaraa gara, HunyadHnedoara, KraCara, and part o hahor e other n the north preadng over MramaoMaramue, eter
S : 4 c G o
f t o . f T t h h e A l w p s o i s f F o o ga r as i n n s y l t h S o ut b h m o d C t p c [
the Eectve ottee f the aa Cot Part decded to aboh a adtratve dtrct, cdg the uresaar uo nomous errior ad retu to the prewar cout tem h pe the ed of the htherto oa atoo of th Hugara area Overwhemg Gera area ca be fod the outher coute of K-Kk/aava ca, ag-Kk/aava Mare, fehr/ba, zee/bu, ogara/agara, ad aroud ra/ra ov he 1948 ceu ted 145,713 Gera peakg peope here hee Gera were etted b the Hgara kg the thr teeth cetr the ca theeve ao Aother arge group ued to ve arod zzrge/Regh, the cout of arotorda/re ad ezterce/trta but ot of te emgrated to Gera ad tra at the ed of the ecod Word War he 1948 ce foud 2,162 ravaa ao the cout of Marotorda/ure ad 5,370 ezterce/trta Other Germa, caed waba are greater tregth o the pa, former part of Hugar proper, the dtrct of ee orot!orota, Kra/ara, r/ever ad rad hee waba were etted b the Haprg at the tr of the eghteeth cetur o the ew reoccuped tertore where th rk ao eterated the orga Hgara popato I the cot of eme orot!orota the 1910 Hgara ceu ow the Gera
he aa authte have bee do everthg wth th power to aeeate th devepet b refu ett pert thee te to the oud Hugara popato whe proot the f of eth a fro the eat the uaa of the prerao ear eo opoto the forr Hara terrtore oe foow the eth dvo Hgaa are oa atho avt ad Utara the ravaa Sao are Luthera the Swaba f the /aat are a atho the uaa beoed to the reek Othodo ad reek Cathoc chrhe ut ater the Secod Word Wa whe the atter wa forb tegrated to the reek Orthodo hrh he proporto baed o the eu of 1910 that tabuated the data fo isorial Trana o are a foow ee Ooox ee oi
794 7904 152
aa omn oi inis
922 375325 399312
A BRIEF HSTORY Tranvania irt appear in ritten hitor in Roman time a the home o the Dacian onquere b the Emperor Trajan it became a Roan provnce ater AD an peron fro a part o the Em pre etd there repacing the near etinct native popuation n e poed otpot, Dacia wa given up in the Eperor Areian ho to qot the hitrian Vopicu ed awa boh odier an pro vincia" etting them in northern uaria The Roman etter aving compete abanoned the province, Tranvania remained the coroad o migrating peope during the net even centrie beginning ith the arp and ending with the Sav and Avar An accompihment o Roman rue were tingihed and the provinc pae on a tangentia roe in the region' hitor Foowing the agar conqe o the Carpathian Bain in 89, Hungarian tribe entere the provine throgh the Maro (Mre vaey and the eze Gate etbihing themeve on the centra pain he triba ke (ga adopted Bzantine hritianit an entertained
R A S Y V A I A ! < H F T H CNTU
etter to mgrate to e outer trc etween a e Saon were granted far-reachng autonomy a regtered n Kng An drew II' harer of . Ther prvege regardng admnraon, ary ervce court and taato remaned n effect amo n changed nt 8 Docment from on meton he preence of Rmanian (Vach, Bacc) n the outhe Fogara (agara) dtrc nder he ow chef ( kenez) The waterhed of Trayvanan hory he Tarar nvaon of when he town and ferte rver valley were devaaed. T dercton deermned ao the permanent decne of drect roya power namuch a the kng fro now on had o rey on the nobe n orde o rebd Tranyvanan etement and ther economy. To ecre he oya cooperaon Hngaran kng donated frher eae o e Rmanan mountaneer and hepherd comng from he northern Ba kan were permed to enter Tranyvana n order to compenae fo the manpower oe of Mo of hem eed n he Bhar (or Monan and he Mrmaro (Maramre) regon or e Hnya (Hnedoara) and Fogara (Fagara) area The forteenth century wtneed frher deveopmen of he hi orca" naton. The kng' frt-born on, who p n now had hed
prove pae ar roe Hugra ad urope hr twee 4 ad 9 h Huad, geera a aer rege of Hugar coducted ma ampag aga he urk a he ae of Be grade (4) uceeed hag urkh epao fr he e ev e year H o, Matha kg of Hugar (89), ecme a e Reae kg, oeg a rge brr of ode foud uvr ite, ad ave parcptg he affar of he Ho Roma Empre emporr he eve acqured he errore of Morava, ea a ower Aur for he Hugara ro Upo he deah of Mha he apoa am beme powerfu ryva. oh apoa wa eeed kg of Hugr foowg he fael bttle of Mohc () aga he urk. However, v wa eued whe pr of he Hugara eae eee Ferdad of Hp burg a kg of Hga Upo Zpoa' deah, h wdow ad fa so, oh gmd, adved b rda George Maruzz, ame he throe d cled for rkh hep e urk oere Bua ad estblhed oh gmud rava, ea oa rue he d of the prce ad he eae he ew rvaa prpa a faed wh he dve for of he Rformo utheram wa oo repaed am amog te Hugaras though retnd b he Sao whe Uara foud aeret mog te zekeys, par of whom, however remaed ah
a called n by oe Szkely aant te renn prnce Simnd Bthory only to per at te and of te aan of Genera Bata, repreetn Imperal Atra, after one year of rle. Prnce Geore Rkczy I ( 48 led a campan to acqre th o crown n bt te Trk ntervened earn te growt of power. Tranylvana wa dvatated bt rvved a a prncpalty for another trty year and onted to be a Trk and Frec al aant te Hapbr Te ccefl reconqt of Hnary by t mt-natonal Ha br arme ended Tranyvann ndependence T ndependence a elped to preerve Hnaran cltre drn te Trk perod, a t wen t provnce aeved internatonal fame and provded a kn for Poand n the peron of Stepen tory (8. Upon te death o Prnce cael Apaffy , te cncellor, icael Telek, ned te tran fer of te provnce to te Hapbr Tranylvna rejoned te Hna ran rown t wa admntered by a parate cancery n Venna. T cancellor were member of te nobly of te htorc naton" b Hapbr contro wa not permanently ared ntl the defeat o t arme of Prnce Frnc Rkczy II n . Drn the eventeent and eteenth centre new wave o Rmanan ettler moved nto Trnylvana a te war of 84 and
m oply ollowg Hpsbug vcto, Son lunc pvl Tslvn o gtn s but ungn Szkl pssv ss tc nll sul n t AustoHngn Compoms of 87 un wc Tsylv jon Hung mstrly T po btw t Copos nd t Fst Wold W s t bgnnngs of ustlzton d lo pnson conom pogss fl, owv, to ocom t ntonl ntgonsms mong t tols spt t b Nonlts Lw of 88 wc w bs upon rspct o t fom o t nvul Tnsylvnn Rums s lck of ttol utoomy ltoug most o t p to lv n t psbg oncy t n t Run tt fomd n 8 ou o t on o olv n Wllc wnc t cv fnncl n ol sppot Dspt ssnt, o ws mtn n g pogss ws d n t fls of comc t, duto, nd nst A n ungn, So, n Rumnn ml clss mg om t ns of t gong numbs of g cool guts t Unvst of olozsv Clj) n vous s nt tts w ound nd lmnt ducto ws m co ulsoy Rumn, nomnl ll o t Tpl Allnc consstng o m, Aus-Hung n tly, cng ss n 9 n ttck
T NSYLV NI N TE T CU
Orgally a rec aly aa ell uner era fuec 9 ater the Set ultatu orcig her to cee Besara a Nothe Bka t t USS. at the sae te ulgara a H gary ere rssg terrtral ea agas her Hugara eas ee arbitrate o ugut , 9 he Viea ar restorig t Hgay the orther a sutheaster cunties o Transylni here te ulk of the ugara a Szekely opulto as cocetrte. 9 uaa jo te Th Rich i ts ght aginst th Siet Uo ut once era r otunes eclie a Soiet toops d tre uaa the gement as oetho n o ugust 3 9 uaa joe the allie poers. s a ear she s alloe to miister Northen rasyvni nd, oining the Cuist o eoe Hugry she regae tht tio unde the Paris Pece et o 9
REDM RLIGON AD CSI N RYVI Beore te avet o te sciece o cutural atropology scoars epene o ei uerstaning o te atioal caracteristcs o a peop on te accuuate oservatos o te ceturies May o these national caracteristics kon as nationm proprietates i te scoary Lain of te tie ere no or ta ortsneckrei, or oca jesting b tere as i te uch tougtu oservatio ase o acts as e it respect to Tansylvania te ost coo caracterizatos ae to e te a o reeo" or te an o reeo o reigio a cosciene e oigin o tese provers is te ecaratos or reig ous reeo eclare i sixteet cetury rasyvaia. Te surpiin act is tat eteen 144 an 4 soe tenty-to las granting reeo or the practce o e teoogica oions ere nacte y te parliaent cale te Diet o rasyvaa No oter arliaent ayere passe so uch egisatio coceing reigious
ac of th chuchs an o stiln the ontovesis that have aisn in t osl tachin, e hav c to stabish a na tional sno, whri n th snc of vot ministes of th Wo o o, as ll as oth mn of an, nuin comaisons o octin ma b mad and une o's uianc, issnsion an diffncs of oinion i rliion ma b mov his s the first legslato grneein freeo of religion in ny ounry. t eres tht ne religions o he o prtiipe in ntion syno here n the resene o iisters of te Wor of o n eruite lyen oprisons of otine ight e e hree of e tenty-to ls entioe oe o not grnt freeo of te pr ie of religon to tree e religios, though they ffir the e of eigious freeo in generl, euse the representies of the ne iths ere uniling to iscuss their ehings efore the ntion syno On he oter hn, prtily eey ne piee of legision onrning eligion s ente fter isussio y the syno hose eeings ee siir o ongressiona herings toy Meers of the Diet of rn sylvni oul ten s uitors n ees on eigion ere e orgnze Kng John Sigisun hiself, fter his other's eth, often tene lough he neer presie. he pesiin offier s us ppointe y the king n s inrl ee n respete perso
pos on on o is ein or i is i o Go is omes fom earin d eri e wor o Go (e ripres) racs Da straye urther r Scrture hs attrtara s s shckig hs llers that st the reture t the e re Church Kg Jh Sgsu e ueectely at the age tety-e years 11 The et rle rasylaa te thry cre the re us las hch ee ha eer ee a lishe ut rae urther eates the Natal Sy e c cet eerge the syste recee relgs c recgze the a Cathlc the uthera the ere a the Utara Churches ut rae urther aj lgus ats art r the litats ts e ccet the srt ree elg e ca a trati Trasylaa a as terrete as te ree cnscece as ell as suseuet cetres test te Tra sylaas ere eers ree eery el cl ltcal lerty
i n g
c
p T o k i d a g o , D i s t U � , i i n i i g 5 6 o 8 i s , h d i s O i h o g a e i i g o b i s e o A f n r a g e l
KOOZVA E APITAL OF TAYVAA n mnin Clu n mn Klsnrg
h cptl of Trnslvni is olozsvr. Toy it is not n min ttiv or poliicl cpitl bt thr cultur on It is t lg ty in th trtory tht Hng s compll to c to mni n t pc ttis o 0 n 4 ts sttistics ov t lst cs s follos Totl
Y
9 9 9
,88 ,4 ,9
a:
,4 ,9
a
O
, ,8 4,
, ,
8 8, ,
FotoN
3
soy o Koosv s a ssta sarae a aat pat of h history o Hungay its vy stoe testyg to this act o th ti of th oig of the cout gloy a gloo vasta tion an n ginings fo a ossio tulnc a ac ul ogss hv th stiy o t city Scoug y Tata hos n h thitth ctry fn agaist Tukish sig in th si nth aaud a oss y uia cenais in th sv nth cntuy, invad y ussia aris i 89 a 9, an ocpd y t maians in 99 n 4 th pop of Kolosv v ad o tn thi sh of haship a sffing. ut Kolozsvaians hv also itt som o the ost glorious cods of Hnin histoy. Din h is o th kings o th ou o pd, Hungy's fist ynasy Kolosv evop into an mpotnt city In th fouth ctuy it as a vrital stat ithi stat it as ovhl ith pivls y th Hugaian ings thias Coius t at ing, s o h i . In sixtnth ctuy Kolosv as h city hich ca amous caus of its stong stan fo liy of onscic. Kolozsv gav siitual lashi to th foratio Tra vnia an it oplaio cam th chamions of Potstantis i hat ost astn stonghold of th Potstat ol Fancis Dvi
o, o pop om, i iniuion, nd por n inn it Hungin mnt o h iy' popua ion i oundd h iniuion. Ti mk i douy hr o Hungain or, or that mr, or pop o goodil nyre, o in upion o Hungain ur in Koozv oay HSTOICA LANDAS OF OOSV oozv i on o od ii in od Hungy. Duing im o omn rul a on knon Npoa ood , poy ui ov i o om Din popuon n. Sva nui ar Hungin o am o op ui od p o pn i vro Od Fo on nin un. In min pza at te n o thi Od Fo tr givn y King S pn V a poimd o on in h middl o t in nuy. T O Fo a oiid on uoundd y ug . T gr p o on, ion t m o ui ouid o Od Fo, i urround poiv l. T , oiid i ion, dmolih a nd o ninn ny nd ony ion v n lt in Th mo iking on, omp i i on orii ion oc Bhln Bion may n a oninuion o
K o l o zs v a r i n t h e 1 t
c en t u . E n g v g b y G
nly, t s suound y nissnce-style os odo usss n t y t pltil hos o Hunin ais ots ny o t uldns v n psv in ti oiinl o T pis ous, t Jsi nson, t Szty ansion n oqu Bny lc . On o te ost utiul oqsy uidin in t ty is t o ToldlgiKoa nsio t t on o Ky nd Mno Stts (tody Std Auustus 23) tt s ut n 1801 nd 1807 y th Itlin ctct Clo Jsi n son son o t ity, n t Bthn Bston, t otd on o t ost cctistic suctus o Tnsylnin ss itctu It is t gt od Cuc on Fks t tody Std Koglnicnu) nd s on o te ol otiid hu o t ony Ts toss nd sinlen stctu, ul y Kn ttis I s on Mnot cuc ut sinc t o on s svd contion il Ap, nc o Tnsylvni id n cuc's cypt n Kolozsv m und unin ul, Fs Stt s t n Qt, t st o scoos nd colls n Kolos Nxt to Romd cuc is t uilding o t cuc's o igh sool ny non s t od Coll" T i scool o
iet Hsogd Ceetey i Kolosv At th ot o the elek Moutai, it is te esti place o ay cuch igitaies uicipa d pulic igres, d te ees o outstadi Tasylvia ilies. spi eve o preset ideooica a cutua strie, i syoies he passin o a ou taitio ic thoug ogotte y men, is ko o Go
'Populatin Condtions n Tsylvn, o de
que,
la
Soc. ooe de
Stais-
Bpet .
Rcnamel Gr
Popuaei
Rome
ts cst 0
1930
Itttl nr S-
Pots pb ici opula Rmn e le 25 Jn uar 1948, Isitutl Cenra d
tts rs 48
-
Aa
tttc
al
RP.R. 6 s
TE PRST STUTO O UARNS TRSYV
in ud o oy ompd Hungin n Tnyn o o und uni u y h id hid iizns i o pion of And i in he ioy ht hs n i hond fo on ound y Thi fe of id i izd one of indud y o nd he unin poic of oppion und i y d o i Tht poicy, o y ultu n vo, d o doion of Hungin o Souhn Tn yni o contion p in 1940 nd 1941; h s urdr, o gnod of Hungin in 44 nd 1945; dpoions nd ipion n, und inhun ondiion of ound of Hungis nd h oniion of i nd nd o; yi hn peuion o Pon nd on Choi gy on tupdup hg nd hi un impionn o dpoion o on
ee appeang to e gng nfoato ufaoale to te state to a foege. With foats of the state n key pstos t s lttle oe that the Magyas ae to eeal the true feelgs only ithn the aily le t fens on ose onee they a ely. UMN TITS To te a patula sae of teo, ate the looy suppesso f the ee ght Hugay n 956 uana authotes aeste o false hages ay Hugaans luig Protestat stes a oa athol pests a sentene the to pso o to eath Th poltal tals of soe of these pesons ee ese etal t West ean eekly Der pieel in 96 The follog taken fro th atle ae typal: Irn Pte a stuent o hstoy as sentee to te yeas psoent eause se ote her pate ay that she sypathze th the eents of Ote-oee 95 n Bapest. The ay as oun y the pole ug a seah of he hoe; Adrs Berezk a ee of the ounst party a hea of the Insttute of MaxsLens o the Bolya Unersty as sen
o Bupe u r n g t votion o 1956 Seral hnre pop r tnc o mromnt or peros ranging ro o to hre yars ecause they ha een reporte to hae listene to h es roacasts aio apes nos Dob ri a roessor at the fore heological Seinary a entenc o six years; a high school tacer na Komrom as sen tenc to ie yars and Dr s Lsl6 a inister o he our hnre year ol eore hrch at Kolozsr-Cl as senece to three ears iprisoe. e charge against all hree as that they ha i heir possession copies of he faos poe One Sence aot ran ny" y Gyla Illys a Hngrian ot an crretly er o te prsidiu o the Hngarian Writrs' ssociaion an puy caira o he Hngaria Pe l. George aley an rica ornalist, scrie the oppressio o Hngarians in ransylaia in Th Rporr o Nomr 964 ccord ing to hi ater the ching of the Hngarian olion of 195 hosands of Hngarians r arrsd prhaps hndrd o ah n on rial alon in lj hirn o o fifsve accsed er xed Tis ar some igh hosand poliial prisoner r relased wi considrabl fanfar b h Ranian ovr· men in a gnral amnes B as far as cold ascerain in m cn ravls hrogh ranslvania no on of h Hngarian
te il t use Rumanan n pul ey ll sum dis· missed ha seen h these egulatins hen I sepd in a sh in agu Mues and ddessd h salel in Hungi h d i uanin psistd in Hungian H esi in umni Finaly I ased him i he pe Hungian Whn I n, he nsed in Hungaian "u e a und ds t spe Rumnian t smes I asked i Tg Mues s n the pitl f the Hungian Rein "h is the aital imb,' he eplied Rmani's tnsfmtin fm n squius satllite pai ig "gnuin plian intenatinlim t a fiely independen inl tt pusuing a pliy f file imilatin f mini i is mpanid by a ppaganda ffense n a bd fnt th inludes th eiteetin f hiy s methd f fuh ing th Rmaniniatin f Rumaia h mnin authitis h dpted a id aiey the msues islte th Hngian minity m nat ith h t thm thin s thei hmld Hungain in Rumni must ait f si mnths t a yea missin t isit atie
o n n t chst-p or ys utl
umbd n joind coltiv volutiy" A trust inss from th Uit Sts lt tt rev he st in 19 s in ospitl wit pnsiz lgs u to uch rmt. Rspctd pstfrmr ti n foc o wlk og t sts of getemi s lso o otrs ody ths psntfms who wr t bckbon of t o ecoomy r t mos misbly t mbrs in t colltivs n ygmt t ommnd of t Rumni militi torur nd blckmi my pop nil on nt s bt sriously b yon Szkls. H ws nsf to igboing Hungin villg or to d ong Hngin boy. An invstigtion lunc t t q o pnts n it ws stbli tt boy h bn btn dt T mud, ov, s o trnsfr on in, s nismn. Tis sm officil ws m ling pty fnction in sznmiksorgni in sum m of 9 njoying osdb po NN LS In odr to conc iton of minoritis t Rmnin
is pssu y og d s h a l l 'h ong pop do · o h chch Oly ldly pop t o m ubl • bou yhig ll bu ligion I unr n suvill· hv o v b fid of my o 1·eliv." Fo fw xmpls of h pru p e chchm ' . owig iscs r id: Th scod loo of h Ro Teolgc Smiy s k ov by h Rumis wh hv ! ooms fo poli smis giv o school ch his f of poliicl psc B l , Rfomd m i Ngyby comid suicid n io o msis fomd miiss w hld i piso lm Csih J k, c Viski d Kl V r a , i i Abudb Thos lsd w: Dzs Lszl, Gsz{ Ars Ngyb, n Jos Dobi ofssor of Thology ua Dvi, J, ssis pf s ps cus h dlivd commmov d t omb of Jo Apczi Cs i h Hzsogrd Ct o f h F dom gh in 9 Csr ws ldig n iis of his im who oudd h Rfomd Collg o olo nd id in 9 Th siuio of h Rom Cholc Ch n Tsyvi is
Rmnns ony so ny Hngrin in rnsyni r c dmnd to conomic in wil ll ision hop futur. T sittion of ur Mgyr rt in Trnsyi ks moy of t ticls f pc ris which wre id t protct ing ntion inoitis ciistic poicy f ust Ru n its Stinist nti-Hgrinis disrgrds right nd in tionl ligtion olny gd pon nd prid in pc tis f y cng in tt policy is dicd it is uly ore in sbilty tn in ssc