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SUMMARY Similar to other East European and Mediterranean countries, the sub-sector of medicinal and aromatic plants in Republic of Macedonia is dominated by traditional wild collection, as far as the production side. Since ancient times, wild collected medicinal and aromatic plants have always been an integral part of the local traditional medical treatment. The demand for products from this sector increases constantly, not only by the domestic market, but by the export market as well. For the rural population, wild plant collection means additional income generation, that could be provided through collection of wild plants for sale. In the past, wild collection was mainly characterized by an uncontrolled and unsustainable exploitation of the biodiversity. The present situation is not much improved due to the fact that the existing legislation is not applied efficiently by the authorities. Therefore, the national heritage of rare plant species is endangered. Training of collectors is an imperative and precondition of a sustainable and controlled collection of medicinal and aromatic plants. It is of great importance that every company, especially certified in organic production, organizes permanent training of its collectors during the whole year. The realization of the publication "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - manual and monographs for collectors according to the principles of organic production" is the first step into the forthcoming activities jointly supported by GTZ Agro Promotion Project - Skopje and SIPPO (Swiss Import Promotion Program) oriented toward the following: - Training of trainers and local collectors in GWCP (Good Wild Collecting Practice); - Training of companies in GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice); - Support of income generation for rural populations; - Raising public awareness for sustainability aspects; and - Promotion of bio-certification process. This handbook consists of 2 parts: general part and plant monographs. The general part outlines the main information that collectors should know about collection, post harvesting treatment, packaging, storage and documentation. The part with monographs consists of 53 plant monographs. 7

Besides plant description, each monograph consists of 1-3 photographs of plants in their natural setting, botanical survey and/or a photograph of a dried plant. Special emphasis is given to the details about the characteristics of the collection areas, plant parts harvested, time period of collection, harvesting tools and method as well as to the post collection treatment. Special thanks to the representatives of GTZ (German Technical Cooperation) from Bosnia and Herzegovina for encouraging and supporting the GTZ Agro Promotion Project - Skopje and SIPPO to use and revise the already prepared Bosnian version of the manual with monographs of medicinal and aromatic plants for the collectors.

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24

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - QDG]HPHQGHORGUDVWHQLHWRVWHEORVROLVWRYLLFYHWRYLKHUED Millefolii herba - FYHWMillefolii flos 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 1DG]HPQLWH GHORYL VH VRELUDDW RG MXQLGRVHSWHPYUL &YHWRWVHEHUHYRVH]RQDWDQDFYH WDZHMXQLMXOLLDYJXVW  $ODW]DEHUED 1RCHYLLOLQRCLFLNRQRS 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 3UL VRELUDZH QD KHUEDWD VH RWVH NXYDQDG]HPQLRWGHORGUDVWHQLHWR VR FYHWRYL L OLVWRYL GR  cm YR GROCLQD 3ULVRELUDZHQDFYHWRWVHRWVHNX YDDW VDPR VRFYHWLMDWD GR  cm YR GROCLQD6REUDQLWHUDVWHQLMDVHYU]XYDDWYRVQRSaLZD RGFYHWRYLWHQDVHNRHUDVWHQLHLRGUDVWHQLMDWDQD HGHQKDELWXVWUHEDGDVHRVWDYDWQHGRSUHQL1HHGR]YROHQR RWNRUQXYDZHQDUDVWHQLMDWDRG]HPMDWD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR $NRVHYRSUD^DZHPDOLNROLaLQLVREUDQPDWHULMDOPRCHGDVH VX^LQDSULURGHQQDaLQYRVHQNDQD]D^WLWHQLLSURYHYQLPHVWD YHWHU  3RJROHPL NROLaLQL WUHED GD VH VX^DW YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHUDWXUD GR °C. 3RVOH VX^HZHWR VH SDNXYDDW YR KDUWLHQL LOLMXWHQLYUH`LVpGRXSRWUHEDWD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VLURYDPDVDVHGRELYDRNROXkg VXYDELRPDVD 25

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Agropyrum repens L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

3LUHYLQDSRO]HVWSLUSLUHM

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 3LUHYLQDWDSULSD_DQDIDPL OLMDWD QD WUHYLWH Poaceae Gramineae  3UHVWDYXYD WUDM QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH YLVRNR cm1DVWHEORWRVHQDR _DDW GROJL WHQNL WHVQL L JUXELOLVWRYL &YHWRYLWH RELaQR  VH VR EUDQLYRWHQNLLJXVWLNODVR YLVRGROCLQDGRcm&YHWD YRWHNRWQDOHWRWR 3LUHYLQDWD LPD SRO]HaNL NRUHQ5L]RPLWHVHGREURUD] YLHQL L VH YR REOLN QD SRO ]HaNL SRG]HPQL VWRORQL RG NRL VH UD]YLYDDW VWHULOQL L IHUWLOQL L]GDQRFL ,PDDW CROWREHOD ERMD VR GHEHOLQD RGmm6WHEOHQFHWRSRPH _X NROHQFDWD LQWHUQRGLLWH H ^XSOLYR 5DVWHQLHWR VH UD]PQRCXYDVRUL]RPLWH .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHSRQLYLLQDYODCQLOLYDGL=DRUJDQVNRSURL]YRGVWYRQH VHVRELUDDWUDVWHQLMDWDRGQLYLWH 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - UL]RPGraminis rhizoma

26

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 5L]RPLWHWUHEDGDVHVRELUDDWYRPDUW 1DMGREUR YUHPH ]D VRELUDZH H RNWRP YULNRJDYUHPHWRHVXYR $ODW]DEHUED 0RWLNDORSDWDLUDNDYLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 5L]RPLWHVHYDGDWRG]HPMDWDVRPRWLND LOLORSDWD

'R]YROHQRHGDVHVREHUDWVDPRRGUL]RPLWHQDUDVWLWHO QDWDSRSXODFLMDQDHGHQKDELWXV 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR =HPMDWD VH RWVWUDQXYD RG UL]RPLWH VH PLMDW VR ODGQD YRGD VH RWVWUDQXYDDW VLWQLWH CLOLaNL L VH VX^DW QD VRQFH LOL YR VX^QLFD .YDOLWHWQR LVX^HQLRW UL]RP H WHQRN HODVWLaHQ SR ERMDCROWREHOVREHOLQDGROCQLOLQLL,VX^HQLRWPDWHULMDOVH SDNXYDYRKDUWLHQLYUH`LLOLNDUWRQVNLNXWLL

27

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Allium ursinum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

0HaNLQOXN

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Allium ursinum SULSD_DQDIDPLOLMD WD Liliaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD WUHYHVWR SRYH`HJRGL^QR UDVWHQLH VR SRG ]HPQLHOLSVRYLGQLOXNRYLFLRNROX  cm GROJLEHOLLOLCROWH QLNDYLQDSUHVHN 1DG]HPQRWR VWHEOR JR VRaLQXYDDW SUL]HPQLWHOLVWRYLNRLL]OHJXYDDW QHSRVUHGQR RG ]HPMDWD RG OXNR YLFLWH LFYHWQRLVSUDYHQRVWHEOR NRH GRVWLJQXYD GROCLQD GR  cm &YHWQRWR VWHEOR H WULDJOHVWR LOL RNUXJOR L QRVL ^WLWRYLGQR VRFYH WLH VR EHOL \YH]GHVWL FYHWRYL 6R FYHWLHWR SUHG FYHWDZHWR H REYLW NDQR VR EHOX]ODYD REYLYND L H VR VWDYHQR RG QHNRONX EHOL FYHWRYL NDUDNWHULVWLaQL]DOXNRYLWH 1DMaHVWRVHUD]YLYDDWSRUHWNR LOL OLVWRYLNRLVHUDPQLHOLS WLaQRODQFHWRYLGQL ]D^LOHQL WHQNL VMDMQR ]HOHQL SUL RVQRYDWD SRVWHSHQR VH VWHVQXYDDW SUHPLQXYDM`L YR  mm GROJD OLVQD GU^ND/LVWRYLWHVHGRcm GROJLLcm ^LURNL 3ORGRW H aX^ND NRMD VRGUCL QHNRONX VLYRFUQL VHPLZD NRL VH UDVHMXYDDWVRSRPR^QDPUDYNLWHPLUPHNRKRULMD  &YHWDYRDSULOLYRPDM 5DVWHQLHWR PLULVD QD OXN L FHORWR PRCH GD VH NRULVWL YR LVKUDQDWDNDNR]DaLQ

28

.DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 1DMGREURVHUD]YLYDQD^XPVNLCLYHDOL^WDYREXNRYLLOLEXNR YRLJOROLVQL ^XPL 1D UDPQL L GROLQVNL PHVWD VR]GDYD JXVWL SRSXODFLL 1DMPQRJX PX RGJRYDUD KXPXVQR UDVWUHVLWR ED]QR QHXWUDOQR GR XPHUHQR NLVHOR ]HPML^WH L PHVWD NDGH SRGROJR VH ]DGUCXYDVQHJRW 0RCH GD VH QDMGH QD SHVRNOLYL NDPHQHVWL LOL VODER JOLQHVWL SRGORJL 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - OLVWRYLAllium ursini folium - OXNRYLFLAllium ursini bulbus  9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6H VRELUD YR WHNRW QD YHJHWDFLRQLRW SHULRG RG DSULO GR RNWRPYUL  0ODGLWH OLVWRYL VH VRELUDDW YR DSULO L PDM SUHG VH]RQDWD QD FYHWDZH/XNRYLFLWHVHEHUDWSUHGSUROLVWXYDZHWRDSULO LOL SUL NUDMRW QD YHJHWDFLRQDWD SHULRGD NRJD OLVWRYLWH `H RYHQDW RNWRPYUL QDPHVWDWDQDNRLHXWYUGHQRSULVXVWYRQDSRSXODFL LWHQDPHaNLQLRWOXN $ODW]DEHUED 1RCHYLQRCLFLD^RYLLPRWLNL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRYLWHVHVHaDWQDQLYRQDOLVQDWDGU^NDLVHVPHVWXYDDWYR VRRGYHWQDDPEDODCDNR^QLFLYUH`LLVO /XNRYLFLWHVHYDGDW VRD^RYLOLPRWLNDSRWRDVHaLVWDWRG]HPMDLVHVPHVWXYDDWYR VRRGYHWQDDPEDODCD 3UL VRELUDZHWR WUHED GD VH ELGH YQLPDWHOHQ GD QH VH ]DPHQL PHaNLQLRWOXN VRPRPLQDWDVRO]DConvalaria majalis PUD]RYHFRW Colchicum autumnale  ]PLLQRWR JUR]MH Arum maculatum  aHPHULNDWD Veratrum spp. LOL NXNXUHNRW Helleborus odorus NRL VHRWURYQL0LULVRWQDOXNHVLJXUHQ]QDNNRMQHGR]YROXYDHYHQ WXDOQD]DPHQD

29

3UDYLODWDYHODWGHNDRGOXNRYLFLWHLRGUDVWHQLMD WD QD HGQD SRSXODFLMD WUHED GD RVWDQDW QHGRSUHQL LOL GD VH RVWDYDW QDMPDONX  RG GREUR UD]YLHQLWH UDVWHQLMD ]D GD VH RVLJXUD QRUPDOQRWR VHPHQR L YHJHWDWLYQR UD]PQRCXYDZH QD SRSXODFLMDWD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR /LVWRYLWH VH VX^DW QD ]D^WLWHQR ]DVHQHWR L SURYHYQR PHVWR 3RJROHPLNROLaLQLVHVX^DWYRVX^QLFLQDWHPSHUDWXUDRG°C. /XNRYLFLWHVHVX^DWLVWRNDNROXNRWQDVRQFHLOLYRVX^QLFL 6SDNXYDMJLLVX^HQLWHUDVWHQLMDYRVRRGYHWQDDPEDODCD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRKDUWLHQLYUH`LVR LOL EH] SHUJDPHQW  VR YRHGQDaHQD WHCLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWLLSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GL UHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYOD JDQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJOR GDUL RGGHOHQL RG RWURYQL L VLOQR DURPDWLaQL UDVWHQLMD 3ULaXYDZHWRWUHEDGDVHLPD Y SUHGYLG GHND UDVWHQLHWR H VLOQRKLJURVNRSQR 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2G  kg VYHCL OLVWRYL VH GRELYDkg VXYDGURJD

30

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Althaea officinalis L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

%HOVOH]

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR %HOLRWVOH]SULSD_DQDIDPLOLMDWD QD VOH]RYLWH Malvaceae  3UHW VWDYXYDSRYH`HJRGL^QRUDVWHQLHVR MDN L PHVHVW UD]JUDQHW NRUHQ VR EHOD ERMD 2G NRUHQRW L]ELYDDW ]HOHQL WUNDOH]QL OLVWRYL D SRWRD L VWHEOR NRH PRCH GD GRVWLJQH YLVLQDRGm/LVWRYLWHVHGHEHOL QDEUDQLLYODNQHVWL 2GSD]XYLWHQDOLVWRYLWHVHUD]YL YDDW EHOL LOL UR]HYNDVWL FYHWRYL VRFYHWQDGU^ND3HULRGRWQDFYH WDZHHRGDSULOGRRNWRPYUL .DUDNWHULVWLNL QD REODVWLWH QD VRELUDZH 1DMGREUR UDVWH QD YODCQL CLYH DOL^WDNDNR^WRVHPODNLSRSOD YHQLOLYDGL UHaQLRVWURYLPRaXUOLYLPHVWDLVOLaQR 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - NRUHQAlthaeae radix - FYHWAlthaeae flos - OLVWAlthaeae folium 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWH VH VRELUDDW YR SHULRGRW QD FYHWDZH WH RG DSULO GR RNWRPYUL /LVWRYLWH VH VRELUDDW YR HVHQ RG SRORYLQDWD QD DYJXVWGRVHSWHPYUL .RUHQRWVHYDGLYRHVHQRNWRPYUL LOLYR SUROHWPDUW NRJDH]DYU^HQSHULRGRWQDFYHWDZH.RUHQRWVH VRELUDRGUDVWHQLMDVWDULJRGLQL 31

$ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLUDNDYLFLLORSDWD 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRYLWHQDEHOLRWVOH]VHEHUDWGYDGRWULSDWLJRGL^QRVHNR JD^ UDQR QDXWUR NRJD YUHPHWR H VXYR 6REUDQLWH UDVWHQLMD VH VWDYDDW YR MXWHQL YUH`L L VH WUDQVSRUWLUDDW GR PHVWRWR QD VX^HZH RGNRUHQLWHRGFYHWRYLWHLRGOLVWRYLWHPRUD GD RVWDQDW QHGRSUHQL  RG SRSXODFLMDWD QD HGQR CLYHDOL^WHPRUDGDRVWDQHFHORVQRQHGRSUHQD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6YHCLWH UDVWLWHOQL PDWHULMDOL VH VX^DW YR WHPQL L VXYL SURV WRULL.RUHQRWHSRWUHEQRGDVHLVaLVWLRGGUYHQHVWDWDJODYDL QHaLVWRWLMDWDLGDVHL]PLHVRODGQDYRGD7RMWUHEDGDVHL]OXSL L QDGROCQR GD VH SUHVHaH QD QHNRONX GHORYL 3RWRD NRUHQRW H SRGJRWYHQ ]D VX^HZH NRH VH YU^L QD WHPSHUDWXUD RG °C .RUHQRW PRUD PQRJX EU]R GD VH LVX^L ]D GD VH VSUHaL SRMDYD QD JDELaNL

32

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Angelica sylvestris (L.)

/RNDOQLLPLZD

$QJHOLND

=DEHOH^ND 8SDWVWYDWD ]D VRELUDZH QD DQJHOLNDWD PRCDW GD VH SULPHQDWLSULVRELUDZHQDAngelica pancici Vand. 2YRMYLGHHQ GHPLWQD%DONDQVNLRW3ROXRVWURYLQHELWUHEDORGDVHVRELUD 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR $QJHOLNDSULSD_DQDIDPLOLMD WD Apiaceae (Umbeliferae) 3UHW VWDYXYD GYRJRGL^QR GR SRYH `HJRGL^QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH VRYUHWHQRYLGQRcm YHU WLNDOHQ LOL NRV WHPQR NDIHDY NRUHQ/LVWRYLWHVHGYRMQRSHU HVWLSRGHOHQLVRJROHPL]DOLV WRFL 2GGHOQLWH OLVQL SORaL VH MDMFHYLGQL L QHUDPQRPHUQR RVWUR QD]DEHQL  cm GROJL L cm ^LURNL 6RFYHWLHWR H WRSaHVW VORCHQ ^WLW VR  SURVWL ^WLWRYL VHNRMVRSRFYHWRYL&YH WRYLWHVHGR2 mm YRGLMDPHWDU L QD GR  mm GROJL GU^NL 9H QHaQLWHOLYaLZDVHEOHGRUR]H YL L NOLQRYLGQR VYUWHQL NRQ QDYQDWUH 3ORGRYLWHVH^LURNRHOLSVRYLGQLVLOQRVSOHVQDWLLJROL.RJD SORGRW `H VH SRGHOL QD GYD GHOD VH GRELYDDW GYH SROXSORGaLZD NRLLPDDWNULOHVWRVWUDQLaQLUHEUD 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGMXOLLDYJXVW .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWH SR YODCQL ]DVHQaHQL PHVWD YR ^XPL SRNUDM UHNL L NUDM SRWRFLGRm QDGPRUVNDYLVRaLQD 33

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - NRUHQAngelicae radix) 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRQDNRUHQRWVHRGYLYDYRWHNRWQDHVHQWDVHSWHPYUL RNWRPYUL SRVOHVR]UHYDZHQDSORGRYLWHLRYHQXYDZHQDQDG]HP QLWHGHORYLLOLYRWHNRWQDSUROHWWDDSULOPDM NRJDVHUD]YL YDDWSUYLWHOLVWRYL $ODW]DEHUED /RSDWDD^RYLNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH .RUHQLWH QD GREUR UD]YLHQL  JRGL^QL UDVWHQLMD VH SRWNRSX YDDWVRSUDYDORSDWDLOLD^RYDSRWRDRNROXUDVWHQLHWRGREURVH UDVNRSXYD]DGDPRCHNRUHQLWHFHORVQRGDVHL]YDGDW1DMSRJRGQR YUHPH]DYDGHZHQDNRUHQLWHHSRVOHGRCG6REUDQLWHNRUHQLVH aLVWDW RG ]HPMDWD L RG UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL D SRWRD VH RWVHNXYD QDG]HPQLRWGHO6HVWDYDDWYRNR^QLFL 6HVRELUDDWVDPRSRVWDULWHNRUHQL3RYDGHZHWRQDNRUHQLWHRG ]HPMDQDSUDYHQDWDGXSNDWUHEDGDVHLVSROQLVR]HPMD =DGROCLWHOQR H SUL EHUHZHWR GD VH RVWDYL  RG GREUR UD]YLHQLWHUDVWHQLMD]DGDVHRVLJXUDVHPHQRWRUD]PQRCXYDZH QD YLGRW L YR]REQRYXYDZH QD QDR_DOL^WHWR 6OHGQRWR VREL UDZHQDLVWRWRQDR_DOL^WHHGR]YROHQRQDMUDQRSRVOHJRGL QL1HHGR]YROHQRGDVHVRELUDYRREODVWLNDGH^WRUHWNRVH VUH`DYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLWHNRUHQLVHL]PLYDDWSRGPOD]RGYRGD1HWUHEDGDVH RVWDYDWSRGROJRYUHPHSRGYRGD]DGDQH]DSRaQHL]YOHNXYDZHQD ELRDNWLYQLWHPDWHULL2WNRJD`HVHLVFHGDWVHVHaDWQDSDUaLZD GR  cm L SUL WRD VH RWVWUDQXYDDW UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL 3RGHEH OLWHNRUHQLVHFHSDWQDGROCQRQDLOLGHODYR]DYLVQRVWRG QLYQDWD GHEHOLQD ]D GD VH ]DEU]D QLYQRWR VX^HZH 6X^HZHWR 34

PRCHGD]DSRaQHVRL]ORCXYDZHQDNRUHQLWHQHNRONXaDVRYLQD VRQFHDSRWRDVHSRVWDYXYDDWYRHGHQVORMQDUDPNLLOLVWDODCL YRVLOQRSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLLOLQDRWYRUHQR3ULVX^HZHWR QD RWYRUHQR QH VPHH GD JL IDWL GRCG LOL URVD .RUHQLWH VH LVX^HQLNRJDSULVYLWNXYDZHVHNU^DW6XYLWHNRUHQLVHVREL UDDW QD NXSRYL YR VXYL SURVWRULL YR NRL RVWDQXYDDW  GHQD ]D YRHGQDaXYDZHQDYODJDWD=DWRDYUHPHVHSUHYUWXYDDWYQLPDWHO QRSDWLVRYLODLSULWRDVHRWVWUDQXYDDWSURPHQHWLWHNRUHQL SUL VX^HZH L WHQNLWH NRUHQaLZD 0RCH GD VH VX^DW L YR VX^QLFLQDWHPSHUDWXUDQHSRYLVRNDRG°C 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRKDUWLHQLYUH`LVR PDVD RG  kg. 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGHOHQL RG RWURYQL L QHDUR PDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLNRUHQLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD

35

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Arctostaphylos uva ursi L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

0HaNLQRJUR]MHPHaNLQLX^L

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 0HaNLQRWR JUR]MH SULSD_D QD ID PLOLMDWD Ericaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD ]LP]HOHQD SRYH`HJRGL^QD SROHJ QDWDJUPX^NDYLVRNDGRm /LVWRYLWH VH WHPQR ]HOHQL VR RNUXJORHOLSWLaHQORSDWHVW RE OLN 1D RSDaLQDWD QD OLVWRYLWH OLVQDWD QHUYDWXUD H LVSDNQDWD D QDOLFHWRHYGODEQDWD &YHWRYLWHVHEHORUR]HYLLYLVDW QD YUYRW RG JUDQNLWH YR PDOL JUR]GRYL 3ORGRW H LQWHQ]LYQR FUYHQDLVMDMQDERELaHVWDNRVWHO ND VR GLMDPHWDU RNROX  mm 9R ERELQNDWDLPDNRVNLNRLVRGU CDWSRHGQRVHPH5DVWHQLHWRFYH WD YR PDM D SORGRYL GDYD YR SHULRGRW RG MXOL GR RNWRPYUL 1HRSKRGQR H GD VH YQLPDYD OLVWRYLWH RG RYD UDVWHQLH GD QH VH ]DPHQDWVROLVWRYLWHQDVOLaQLWHUDVWHQLMDNDNR^WRVH - ERURYLQNDVaccinium myrtillus - FUYHQDERURYLQNDVaccinium vitis idea - NLVHOWUQBerberis vulgaris /LVWRYLWHQDNLVHOLRWWUQ]DUD]OLNDRGOLVWRYLWHQDPHaNLQR WRJUR]MHLPDDWSDUDOHOQDQHUYDWXUD .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 2YD UDVWHQLH UDVWH YR LJOROLVQL ^XPL RSNUXCHQR VR GUXJL JUPX^NLQDVRQaHYDLSUHWHCQRYDURYQLaNDSRGORJD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - OLVWRYLUvae ursi folium 36

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aNL GRNRONXWLHVHVURQDWVNU^DW LOLMDL]JXEDW]HOHQDWDERMD3R VX^HZHWROLVWRYLWHVHSDNXYDDWYRKDUWLHQLYUH`LLOLNXWLL

37

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Berberis vulgaris L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

.LVHOWUQ

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Berberis vulgaris SULSD_DYRIDPLOL MDWD Berberidaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD WUQRYLW JUP YLVRN RNROX  m ,]GDQRFLWHVHVYLWNDQLQDSUHVHN VH VR CROWD ERMD L LPDDW PD]QD VLYR]HOHQDNRUD /LVWRYLWH VH VLYR]HOHQL MDMaHVWL SR REOLN FYUVWL L NUXSQL 3R UDERWVHVLWQRQD]DEHQLYODNQHVWL L PUHCHVWL SR SRYU^LQDWD VR GROCLQD RG  cm /LVWRYLWH VH SRVWDYHQL SU^OHQHVWR D QHNRL VH SUHWYRUHQL YR WUQRYL &YHWRYLWH VH VLWQL L CROWL SRVWDYHQL YR JUR]GHVWL YLVHaNL VRFYHWLMD VR QHSULMDWHQPLULV 3ORGRYLWH VH L]GROCHQL FUYHQR SRUWRNDORYL ERELFL VR NLVHONDY YNXVGROJLRNROXcmVRGRVHPLZD7LHYLVDWYRJUR]GRYL LVWRNDNRLFYHWRYLWH .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHSRVRQaHYLVXYLLNDPHQHVWLULGRYLPH_XJUPX^NLLPH_L SRUDERYLWHQD^XPLWHLOLYDGLWH6HVUH`DYDRGQL]LQLWHSDVp GRm QDGPRUVNDYLVLQDQDSODQLQLWH 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - NRUDBerberidis cortex - NRUHQBerberidis radix - ]UHOSORGBerberidis fructus

38

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39

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40

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Betula pendula Roth.

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Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.

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45

%RWDQLaNRLPH /RNDOQLLPLZD

Chamomilla recutita Rausch. (Matricaria chamomilla L.) .DPLOLFDYUWLSRSEROLYDa

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR .DPLOLFDWD SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Asteraceae (Compositae) 3UHWVWDYXYD HGQRJRGL^QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH VR WHQRNYUHWHQRYLGHQNRUHQ6WHEORWRH YLVRNRGRcmLVSUDYHQRUD]JUD QHWR YR RVQRYDWD JROR L QDEUD]GHQR /LVWRYLWH VH QDL]PHQLaQL VHGHaNL L  SDWL SHUHVWR GHOHQL &YHWQLWH JODYLaNLVHcm YRGLMDPHWDUUDV SRORCHQL QD GU^NL GROJL  cm 2VQRYDWD QD VRFYHWLHWR H LVSDNQDWR NRQXVRYLGQD -D]LaHVWLWH FYHWRYL VH SR UDERW QD VRFYHWLHWR L VH EHOL D WUXEHVWLWH FYHWRYL YR VUHGLQDWD QD VRFYHWLHWRVHCROWL 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGSRaHWRNRWQDPDMGRNUDMRWQDMXOL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHSRWUHYHVWLL]DSX^WHQLPHVWDSRNUDMVHODSDWL^WDLQL] SRVHYL 5DVSURVWUDQHWR H QDVHNDGH GR  m QDGPRUVND YLVR aLQD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWRGNDPLOLFDChamomillae flos (anthodium) - QDG]HPHQGHOKHUED RGNDPLOLFDChamomillae herba) 1H VH GR]YROHQL SULPHVL RG ULPVND NDPLOLFD Anthemis nobilis) NRMD^WRVHNDUDNWHUL]LUDVRQHSULMDWDQDPLUL]EDLUDPQDRVQR YDQDVRFYHWLHWRDLVWRWDNDQHVHGR]YROHQLSULPHVLLRGQHPL UL]OLYDWDNDPLOLFDMatricaria inodora)

46

I&YHWRGNDPLOLFDChamomillae flos (anthodium)) 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRQDFYHWRWVHRGYLYDRGVUHGLQDWDQDSUROHWWDGRNUD MRW QD OHWRWR ]D YUHPH QD FYHWDZHWR NRJD EHOLWH FYHWaLZD VHX^WHVHYRKRUL]RQWDOQDSRORCED'RNRONXEHOLWHFYHWRYLVH YLVQDWL QDGROH VRFYHWLHWR SUL VX^HZH VH UDVSD_DDW L GURJDWD JXELRGNYDOLWHW1HGRUD]YLHQLWHFYHWQLJODYLaNLVRGUCDWPDOR NROLaHVWYRQDELROR^NLDNWLYQLPDWHULLLLVWRWDNDLPDDWPDO NYDOLWHW $ODW]DEHUED AH^OLNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRVHRGYLYDVDPRSRVXYRLVRQaHYRYUHPHSRVOHGLJDZH QDURVDWD6RELUDZHWRQDFYHWRYLWHVHRGYLYDVRVSHFLMDOQLaH^ OL GUYHQL VDQGDaLZD NRL QD HGQDWD VWUDQD VH RWYRUHQL L LP H SULNUHSHQ PHWDOHQ aH^HO  6H RWNLQXYDDW FYHWQL JODYLaNL VR GU^NL GR  cm 1DEUDQLRW UDVWLWHOHQ PDWHULMDO UDVWUHVLWR VH UDVSRUHGXYDYRSOLWNLNR^QLFL3ULYUHPHQRVHUDVSRVWHOXYDYR cm WHQRNVORMQDSODWQRGRGHNDQHVHSUHQHVDWGRPHVWRWRQD VX^HZH7UHEDGDVHLPDYRSUHGYLGGHNDVYHCDWDNDPLOLFDDNRVH aXYDYRSULYUHPHQDWDDPEDODCDLOLQDJROHPNXSRVREHQRDNRH QDVRQFH SRYH`HRGaDVDOHVQRVHVSDUXYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR &YHWRYLWH VH aLVWDW RG SULPHVL RG GUXJL UDVWHQLMD OLVWRYL L GHORYLRGVWHEORQHGRUD]YLHQLFYHWQLJODYLaNLGU^NLSRGROJL RG  cm L GHORYL QDSDGQDWL RG EROHVWL 3RWRD UDVWLWHOQLRW PDWHULMDOVHSURVHMXYDQL]VLWRVRGLMDPHWDUQDRWYRULWHmm SRVOH ^WR VH SURGXYXYD QD YHMDOND 1D NUDM PDWHULMDORW VH SUR aLVWXYDVRUDND6X^HZHWRVHL]YU^XYDQDVHQNDYRVORMRGcm, SRVWHOHQLYU]UDPNLLOLQDSODWQRYRSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULL1H H GR]YROHQR LVNRULVWXYDZH QD YH^WDaNL PDWHULMDOL QDMORQ SROLHWLOHQLVOLaQLQDQLY JRSRSUHaXYDDWEU]RWRRGGHOXYDZH QDYODJDWD7RDGRYHGXYDGRYOR^XYDZHQDNYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWD 47

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48

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50

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Colchicum autumnale L.

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$ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLLQRCHYL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWHVHRGVHNXYDDWVRQRCLFL $NR VH VRELUD VHPHWR PRCH GD VH VRELUDDW FHOLWH aX^NL NRL VH VPHVWHQLYRVUHGLQDWDQDUDVWHQLHWRL]PH_XOLVWRYLWH/LVWRYLWHVH SRPHVWXYDDW NRQ RVQRYDWD QD aX^NDWD L VH RWVHNXYDDW VR QRCLFL 7UHEDGDVHYQLPDYDSULVRELUDZHWRaX^NLWHGDELGDW]DWYRUHQLL VRCROWDERMD6HPHWRRG]HOHQLWHaX^NLQHHVRGREDUNYDOLWHW RGSRHGLQHaQLWHUDVWHQLMDUDPQRPHUQRUDVSRUHGHQL YR REODVWDNDGHVHYU^LVRELUDZHWRLRGaX^NLWHWUHEDGD RVWDQDWQHGRSUHQL]DUDGLUHJHQHUDFLMD6OHGQRWRVRELUDZHQD VHPHYRLVWDWDREODVWHGR]YROHQRQDMPDONXSRVOHJRGLQLYR ]DYLVQRVWRGVWHSHQRWQDREQRYDQDSRSXODFLMDWD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR &YHWRYLWHWUHEDGDVHVX^DWYR^WRSRWHQRNVORMYRGREURSURYH WUHQLSURVWRULLLYRQGLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWORVW 3UL VX^HZHWR aX^NLWH VR VHPHWR WUHED GD ELGDW L]ORCHQL QD VRQaHYDVYHWOLQD3HULRGRWSRWUHEHQ]DRWYDUDZHQDaX^NLWHL ]DLVSD_DZHQDVHPHWRRGaX^NLWHHL]PH_XLGHQD3RLVSD _DZHWRRGaX^NLWHVHPHWRHSRWUHEQRGDVHVX^LX^WHGHQD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRW UDVWLWHOHQ PDWHULMDO VH SDNXYD YR GYRMQD DPEDODCD RG SROLSURSLOHQVNL YUH`L VR YRHGQDaHQD WHCLQD 1D VUHGLQDWD RG YUYRW QD DPEDODCDWD VH REHOHCXYD WUDHQ FUYHQ UDE 3 cm YR ^LULQDNRMSRNDCXYDGHNDUDVWHQLHWRHRWURYQR6HPHWRVHaXYD YRVXYLaLVWLLSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRG GLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLL JORGDULRGGHOHQLRGQHRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD3URVWR ULLWHYRNRLVHaXYDGURJDWDWUHEDGDELGDW]DNOXaHQLLGRQLY SULVWDSGDLPDDWVDPRYR]UDVQLOLFD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLaX^NLVHGRELYDRNROXkg VXYRVHPH 52

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Crataegus monogyna L.

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2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Crataegus monogyna SULSD_DQDIDPLO LMDWD QD UXCLWH Rosaceae  %HOLRW JORJHUD]JUDQHWDWUQRYLWDLRWSRUQD JUPX^NDLOLQLVNRGUYRYLVRNRGR m/LVWRYLWHSRUDERWVHQHSUDYLOQR QD]DEHQL SRGHOHQL QD  UH]QL *RUQDWDVWUDQDQDOLVWRYLWHHWHPQR ]HOHQD D RG GROQDWD VWUDQD ERMDWD H VYHWOR]HOHQDLOLVLQNDVWR]HOHQD &YHWRYLWH VH EHOL UHWNR VYHWOR UR ]HYNDVWL VR VLPHWULaQD JUDGED 6R EUDQL VH YR PLUL]OLYL VORCHQL VRFYHWLMD JURZL  6H]RQDWD QD FYH WDZHHRGPDMGRMXQL 3ORGRYLWHLPDDWMDEROaHVWREOLNLFUYHQDERMDDYRSUHaQLNVH SRPDOLRGcm3ORGRWHMDGOLYDNRVWHONDLHSRPDORGSORGRWQD FUYHQLRWJORJ5DVWHQLHWRPQRJXHVOLaQRVRFUYHQLRWJORJRGNRM VH UD]OLNXYD SR YODNQHVWLWH FYHWQL GU^NL L SR SRGODERNR UD] GYRHQLWHUH]QLQDOLVWRYLWH .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQLHWRUDVWHQDRJROHQLVXYLLNDPHQHVWLPHVWDQDULGVNLWH OLYDGLLYRUHWNLWH^XPL3RQHNRJD^PRCHGDVHQDMGHLQD m QDGPRUVNDYLVLQD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWRYLCrataegi flos - OLVWRYLCrataegi folium - ]UHOLSORGRYLCrataegi fructus 

53

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWH VH EHUDW YR DSULO L PDM VDPL LOL VR OLVWRYLWH LVNOXaLYR SR XWULQVNDWDURVD /LVWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWGRMXQL 3ORGRYLWHVHEHUDWYRMXQLLMXOL $ODW]DEHUED &HOLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHVRELUDVRUDND 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 3ORGRYLWHVHVRELUDDWEH]GU^ND3ORGRWNRMMDL]JXELOERMDWDJRQHPD SRWUHEQLRWNYDOLWHWLQHWUHEDGDVHVRELUD1HVHSUHSRUDaXYDGDVH VRELUDDWFYHWRYLNRLSRWHPQDOHOLVWRYLVRJUDQaLZDLOLSORGRYLNRL MD]DJXELOHVYRMDWDERMDYRWDNRYVOXaDMNYDOLWHWRWQHHGREDU RGSORGRYLWHWUHEDGDVHRVWDYDW]DUHJHQHUDFLMDRG FYHWRYLWH L  RG OLVWRYLWH QD VHNRH UDVWHQLH PRUD GD VH RVWDYDWQHGRSUHQLDRGUDVWHQLMDWDQDHGQDSRSXODFLMDYR HGQDREODVW PRUDGDRVWDQDWFHORVQRQHGRSUHQL1HWUHEDGDVH NU^DWLRWVHNXYDDWJUDQNLWHLOLFHOLWHJUPX^NLDSRWRDGDVH REHUDWVRFYHWLMDWD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR &YHWRYLWH L OLVWRYLWH VH VX^DW RGYRHQR QD WHQRN VORM QD SRNULHQLLSURYHYQLPHVWD 3ORGRWVHVX^LQDVRQFHLOLYR]DWYRUHQLSURVWRULL 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR WHCLQDRGkg REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDUL RGGHOHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVROLVWRYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD 54

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Equisetum arvense L.

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2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Equisetum arvense SULSD_DQDIDPLOL MDWD Equisetaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD WUH YHVWR SRYH`HJRGL^QR UDVWHQLH YLVR NRcm,PDPQRJXUD]YLHQLUL ]RPL 6WHEORWR H aOHQNRYLWR ^X SOLYR L]EUD]GHQR RVWUR L JUXER VR VLYR]HOHQDERMD'ROJLWHLJOLaHVWL OLVWRYLVHWDNDSRGUHGHQLGDIRUPL UDDW SRYH`HNDWQL SU^OHQL RNROX VWHEORWR 2YD VH VWHULOQLWH VWHE OHQFDNRLVHNRULVWDWYRPHGLFLQDWD 0QRJX H YDCQR GD VH UD]OLNXYD RYRM YLG RG GUXJL VOLaQL YLGRYL NRL VH RWURYQL ^WHWQL L QH VH NRULVWDW YR PHGLFLQVNL FHOL 7LH VH UD]OLNXYDDW RGNRZVNRWRRSDYaHSROLVWRYLWHNRLLPVHKRUL]RQWDOQLLOLYLVDW 'UXJLVOLaQLYLGRYLVH - RVWUD QDGGDYND ]LPVND QDGGDYND RVWUD QDGGDYND Equisetum hiemale L. - EDUVNDQDGGDYNDEquisetum limosum Roth. - JROHPDQDGGDYNDEquisetum maximum - PRaXUOLYDQDGGDYNDEquisetum palustre L.  .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 9RRELaDHQRCLYHDOL^WHQDNRZVNRWRRSDYaHVHPQRJXYODCQLWH SUHVODSL 5DVWH QD SRGYRGQL KXPXVQL ]HPML^WD QD UHODWLYQR NLVHOLSRaYLQDOLYDGLWHQLYLWHLPRaXUL^WDWD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW 6H VRELUDDW VDPR VWHULOQLWH ]HOHQL JUDQNL ]DHGQR VR JODYQRWR VWHEOR 55

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56

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Erythraea centaurium Pers. = Centaurium umbellatum Gilib

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3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR PDVD RG  kg REYLWNDQL VR QDWURQRYD KDUWLMD L SRUDEHQL VR WNDHQLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWURYQLLVLOQRDUR PDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLKHUED VHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

59

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Fragaria vesca (L.)

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61

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62

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Frangula alnus Mill. (Rhamnus frangula L.)

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64

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65

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Gentiana lutea L.

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68

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Geranium macrorrhizum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

=GUDYHF

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69

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71

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72

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Hedera helix L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

%U^OHQ

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR %U^OHQRWSULSD_DQDIDPLOLMD WDAraliaceae3UHWVWDYXYDGUYHQ HVWD ]LP]HOHQD OLMDQD NRMD SRO]L SR ]HPMD LOL VH NDaXYD SR UDVWHQLMD L NDUSL VR SRPR^ QD DGYHQWLYQL NRUHQL 6WHEORWR PRCH GD GRVWLJQH GROCLQD L GR  cm /LVWRYLWH VH WHPQR ]H OHQL NRCHVWL VMDMQL L GRD_DDW YR UD]OLaQL IRUPL QDMaHVWR VH VUFHYLGQL LOL YUHCDQL QD  PHVWD  &YHWRYLWHVHVREUDQLYR^WLWR YLGQLVRFYHWLMDSRERMDVHCRO WL LOL ]HOHQLNDYL L PQRJX VH PLUL]OLYL 6H UD]YLYDDW YR QR HPYUL 3ORGRW H WHPQR VLQD ERELQND NRMDVR]UHYDYRWHNRWQD]LPDWD &HORWR UDVWHQLH H JRUaOLYR L RWURYQR .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH %U^OHQRW H PQRJX UDVSURVWUDQHWR GLYR UDVWHQLH NRH VH MDYXYD QDVHNDGH SRaQXYDM`L RG QLVNLWH SD Vp GR YLVRNLWH QDGPRUVNL YLVLQL 5DVWHQLHWR UDVWH QD GUYMD SR NDPHQHVWL RJUDGL L QDSX^WHQLXUQDWLQL 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - VYHCLVXYOLVWHederae folium - SORGHederae fructus 73

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRWH]HOHQFHODJRGLQDLVHVRELUDYUHPHQVNLQHRJUDQLaHQR YRVYHCDLOLVXYDVRVWRMED6XYLWHOLVWRYLVHVRELUDDWRGMXQLGR RNWRPYUL 3ORGRWVHVRELUDYR]LPDRGGHNHPYULGRIHYUXDUL $ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLLNR^QLFD 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRWVHEHUHVROLVQDWDGU^NDNRJDQHPDURVD6HEHUDWVDPR QHR^WHWHQLWH OLVWRYL L OLVWRYLWH EH] IOHNL 6REUDQLWH OLV WRYLVHVWDYDDWYRNR^QLFDWDDSRGRFQDYRSURVWRULL]DVX^HZH 3ORGRWVHEHUHVRUDNDVHVWDYDYRNR^QLFDLOLYUH`DDSRWRDVH WUDQVSRUWLUDGRSURVWRULLWH]DVX^HZHVOLNDGHVQR  RG OLVWRYLWH QD UDVWHQLHWR WUHED GD RVWDQDW QHGRSUHQL  RG SORGRYLWH WUHED GD VH RVWDYDW ]D UHJHQHUDFLMD UD]P QRCXYDZH  7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR /LVWRYLWH L SORGRYLWH QD EU^OHQRW VH VX^DW YR WHQRN VORM QD GREUR SURYHWUHQL L SURYHYQL PHVWD LOL YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHU DWXUDRG°C. 'REURLVX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDORGYRHQR VHSDNXYDYRKDUWLHQL`HVLLOLNXWLL

74

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Helichrysum plicatum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

6PLT

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 3ULSD_DQDIDPLOLMDWDAsteraceae (Compositae) 6PLTRW H SRYH`H JRGL^QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH VR VLYNDVWD ERMD NRMD SRWHNQXYD RG PQRJXEURMQLWHYROQHVWLYODNQHQ FD6WHEORWRHLVSUDYHQRLQHUD] JUDQHWR YLVRNR  cm 3RNUL HQR H VR HOLSWLaQL OLVWRYL D QD YUYRW QRVL CROWL JODYLaHVWL VRFYHWLMD 3R IRUPD FYHWQLWH JODYLaNL VH MDMaHVWL GR RNUXJOL 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDYROHWR .DUDNWHULVWLNL QD REODVWLWH QD VRELUDZH 5DVWHQDSHVRNOLYLSRGORJLVLUR PD^QLVRKXPXVQDVRQaHYLSDGL QLQDQDGPRUVNDYLVLQDGRm 5DVSURVWUDQHW H LVNOXaLYR YR PHGLWHUDQVNLRW SRMDV VR SRJRGQL NOLPDWVNLRVRELQLYRKHUFHJRYVNRGLQDUVNLRWSRMDVNRMVHSUR WHJDGRHGHQGHORG&UQD*RUDL$OEDQLMD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - JODYLaHVWLVRFYHWLMDHelichrysi flos 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH -XQLMXOLDYJXVWLVHSWHPYUL %HUEDWDVHRGYLYDSRVRQaHYRYUHPHNRJDFYHWRYLWH`HSRaQDWGD VHRWYDUDDW

75

$ODW]DEHUED 6USRYLLQRCHYL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 3UL EHUHZHWR VH NRULVWDW VUSRYL L QRCHYL VR YUH`D YR NRMD VH VWDYDDWVRFYHWLMDWD6RRJOHGQDWRDGHNDUDVWHQLHWRHCEXQHVWR QDMSRJRGQRHGDVHEHUHVRVUS]DCQHHZH&YHWQLWHJODYLaNLVH ]DID`DDW VR HGQDWD UDND D VR GUXJDWD JR RWVHNXYDPH YUYRW SRG UDNDWDYRYLVLQDGRcm 1HVPHHGDVHNRUQHRG]HPMDWDRGUDVWLWHOQDWDSRSXODFL MDWUHEDGDRVWDQHQHGRSUHQD1DHGQDREODVWUDVWHQLHWRVPHH GDVHVRELUDVDPRHGQD^JRGL^QR 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLRWPDWHULMDOVHVX^LYRWHQRNVORMYRSRNULHQSURVWRU VRGREUDYHQWLODFLMDQDYR]GXKRWEH]GDVHL]ORCXYDGLUHNWQRQD VRQFH ,VWRWDND VX^HZHWR PRCH GD VH L]YU^L L YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHUDWXUDGR°C,VX^HQDWDGURJDLPDVYHWOR]ODWQRCROWD ERMD6HSDNXYDLaXYDYRMXWHQLYUH`L

76

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Herniaria glabra L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

*RODNLODYLFDJRODVLWQLFD

=DEHOH^ND8SDWVWYDWD]DVRELUDZHQDJRODWDNLODYLFDPRCDWGD VH SULPHQDW L SUL VRELUDZH QD YODNQHVWDWD NLODYLFD Herniaria hirsuta). 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 3ULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Caryophyllaceae.LODYLFDWDH HGQRJRGL^QR LOL GYRJRGL^ QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH 6WHE ORWR H UD]JUDQHWR VR JROHP EURM SROHJQDWL JROL ]HOHQL L  cm GROJL JUDQNL /LY aLZDWDVHSULVHGQDWLLVSUR WLYQRSRORCQLGRmm GRO JLJROLLCROWR]HOHQL&YH WRYLWHVH^LURNLGRmm, SR  YR VRFYHWLMD VR  aD^ NLQL MDMFHYLGQL OLYaLZD L  EHOL MDMFHYLGQL YHQHaQL OLY aLZDNRLVHSRNUDWNLRGaD^ NDWD 3ORGRW H MDMFHYLGQR RUHYaH 5DVWHQLHWR FYHWD RG MXQL GR VHSWHPYUL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQDSHVRNOLYLWUHYHVWLLNDPHQHVWLPHVWDGRm QDG PRUVNDYLVRaLQD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - QDG]HPQLWHGHORYLKHUED Herniariae herba

77

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 3UHNXOHWRWRRGMXQLGRVHSWHPYULYRWHNRWQDFYHWDZHWR $ODW]DEHUED 1RCLOLQRCLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6H RWVHNXYD VR R^WDU QRC FHOLRW QDG]HPHQ GHO 6H aLVWL RG SHVRNRWL]HPMDWDLQHHGR]YROHQRVRELUDZHQDSUHFYHWDQLLUDV WHQLMDQDSDGQDWLRGEROHVWL1HVPHHGDVHNRUQH]DWRD^WRYR GURJDWDQHVPHHGDLPDGHORYLRGNRUHQRWVR^WRELVHQDPDOLO NYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWD 1HHGR]YROHQRNXEHZHQDQDG]HPQLRWGHO=DGROCLWHOQRHSUL EHUHZHWR GD VH RVWDYL  RG UDVWHQLMDWD VR GREUR UD]YLHQL FYHWRQRVQLVWHEOD]DGDVHRVLJXUDVHPHQRWRUD]PQRCXYDZHQD YLGRW L YR]REQRYXYDZH QD QDR_DOL^WHWR 6OHGQRWR VRELUDZH QDLVWRWRQDR_DOL^WHHGR]YROHQRQDMUDQRSRVOHJRGLQL1H HGR]YROHQRGDVHVRELUDYRREODVWLNDGH^WRUHWNRVHVUH`DYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQDWDKHUEDVHaLVWLRGSULPHVLRG]HPMDRGSUHFYHWDQLLOL UDVWHQLMDQDSDGQDWLRGEROHVWLLRGGUXJLUDVWHQLMD6HVX^LSRG VHQNDYRSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLLOLSRGVWUHL+HUEDWDVHVX^LYR WHQRNVORMQDUDPNLVWDODCLLOLQDSRVWHOHQDKDUWLMDQDSRG1H H GR]YROHQR LVNRULVWXYDZH QD YH^WDaNL PDWHULMDOL QDMORQ SROLHWLOHQLVOLaQLQDQLY JRSRSUHaXYDDWEU]RWRRGGHOXYDZH QDYODJDWD7RDGRYHGXYDGRYOR^XYDZHQDNYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWD D NRJD H YODCQR YUHPHWR GXUL L GR UDVLSXYDZH 9R SURFHVRW QD VX^HZHKHUEDWDWUHEDaHVWRGDVHSUHYUWXYDYR]DYLVQRVWRGYUH PHQVNLWHSULOLNLLVWHSHQRWQDQLYQDLVX^HQRVW+HUEDWDHVXYD NRJDQDMGHEHOLWHGHORYLQDVWHEORWRLOLVQLWHGU^NLSULVYLWNX YDZHVHNU^DW +HUEDWDPRCHGDVHVX^LLYRVX^QLFLQDWHPSHU DWXUD QH SRYLVRND RG °C L GREUD YHQWLODFLMD 6XYDWD GURJD VH aLVWL X^WH HGQD^ RG UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL 5DVWHQLMDWD VR SRWHP QHWL OLVWRYL LOL EH] OLVWRYL L UDVWHQLMDWD EH] FYHWRYL QHPDDW 78

NRPHUFLMDOQDYUHGQRVW3RWRDVHVRELUDYQLPDWHOQRQDSRGHEHO SODVWYRVXYDSURVWRULMDWDPXRVWDQXYDGHQD]DGDVHYRHGQDaL YODJDWDSRVOH^WRPRCHGDVHEDOLUDLSDNXYD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR PDVDRGkg REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLL SURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLVLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

79

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Hypericum perforatum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD ]DVHNOLYDWUHYD 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR .DQWDULRQRWSULSD_DQDIDPLOLMDWD Hypericaceae (Guttiferae)3UHWVWDYXYD SRYH`HJRGL^QR LVSUDYHQR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH YLVRNR RG  cm 6WHEODWD YR JRUQLRW GHO VH UD] JUDQHWLDJUDQNLWHVHVSURWLYQRSR ORCQR SRVWDYHQL 6WHEORWR QD NDQ WDULRQRW LPD GYH NDUDNWHULVWLaQL QDGROCQLLVSDNQDWLOLQLLSRNRLVH UD]OLNXYDRGGUXJLWHYLGRYL /LVWRYLWH VH HGQRVWDYQL VSURWLY QRSRORCQL WHVQL HOLSWLaQL L RYDOQL EH] OLVQD GU^ND VHGHaNL  ,V^DUDQL VH VR PQRJXEURMQL WRa NDVWL COH]GL NRL VH LVSROQHWL VR HVHQFLMDOQRPDVOR 1DYUYRWRGVWHEORWRVHQDR_D^WL WRYLGQRVRFYHWLHNRHHVRVWDYHQRRG ]ODWQRCROWL FYHWRYL 9HQaHWR H VRVWDYHQR RG  WHPQR CROWL NRVR MDMFHYLGQL OLYaLZD NRL VH PDONX QD]DEHQLSRUDERWLSRVLSDQLVRWHPQLGDPNL 3ORGRW SUHWVWDYXYD WULGHOQD aX^ND NRMD QRVL FUQR LOL VPH_R VHPHLVHRWYDUDVDPRNRJDYUHPHWRHXEDYR 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGPDMGRDYJXVW .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH .DQWDULRQRW H ^LURNR UDVSURVWUDQHWR UDVWHQLH 5DVWH SR QDSX^WHQL OLYDGL SR UDERYLWH QD ^XPLWH SRNUDM JUPX^NL L PRaXUL^WD 80

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWHyperici flos - JRUQLRW GHO RG VWHEORWR VR OLVWRYLWH L FYHWRYLWH Hyperici herba 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6HVRELUDYRMXQLLMXOLNRJD]DSRaQXYDVH]RQDWDQDFYHWDZH

$ODW]DEHUED 6USQRCLFLLNR^QLFD 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQLHWR VH EHUH VR SRPR^ QD VUS LOL QRCLFL L VH VWDYD YR NR^QLFL ]D GD VH L]EHJQH R^WHWXYDZHWR QD VYHWOLWH WRaNL COH]GL QDOLVWRYLWHYRNRLVHQDR_DHWHULaQRWRPDVOR

81

RGFYHWRYLWHQDVHNRHUDVWHQLHWUHEDGDVHRVWDYDWQHGR SUHQLRGUDVWLWHOQDWDSRSXODFLMDWUHEDGDRVWDQHQHGR SUHQD 3UDYLODWD YHODW GHND DNR VH VRELUD FHORWR UDVWHQLH SRWUHEQR H  RG SRSXODFLMDWD LOL  RG UDVWHQLMDWD VR GREUR UD]YLHQL FYHWRQRVQL VWHEOD QD HGQR PHVWR GD RVWDQH FHORVQRQHGRSUHQD]DGDVHRVLJXUDVHPHQRWRUD]PQRCXYDZHQD YLGRWLYR]REQRYXYDZHQDQDR_DOL^WHWR1HHGR]YROHQRNXEH ZHQDUDVWHQLMDWDRG]HPMD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR  cm GROJLWH VWHEOHQFD VR OLVWRYL L FYHWRYL VH VX^DW YR WHQRNVORMQDSURYHYQLPHVWDYRVHQND5DVWHQLMDWDPRCDWGDVH VX^DWVREUDQLYRNLWNL6HYU]XYDDWSRUDVWHQLMDFYHWRYLWH VH SRUDPQXYDDW RG VWUDQD L VH YU]XYDDW YR GROQLRW NUDM L VH ]DNDaXYDDWREHVHQLQDGROXQDNOLQHF5DVWHQLMDWDVRSRWHPQHWL OLVWRYLLOLEH]OLVWRYLLUDVWHQLMDWDEH]FYHWRYLQHPDDWNRPHU FLMDOQDYUHGQRVW 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR PDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD,VX^HQDWDKHUEDPRCHGD VH SDNXYD YR MXWHQL YUH`L D FYHWRYLWH YR KDUWLHQL YUH`L 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWURYQLLVLOQRDUR PDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

82

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Juniperus communis L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

6PUHND

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 6PUHNDWD SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Cupressaceae 5DVWH YR SODQLQVNLWH SUHGHOLNDNR]LP]HOHQDJUPX^NDYLVR NDmLOLNDNRPDORGUYRYLVRNRGR m YR SUHGHOLWH VR SRPDOD QDGPRUVND YLVLQD3RVHEQLWHGUYDLPDDWNUR^QD VR SLUDPLGDOHQ REOLN QR DNR QD LVWR PHVWR UDVWDW SRYH`H GUYD QLYQDWD NUR^QDLPDQHSUDYLOHQREOLN /LVWRYLWHVHWHQNLLJOLaHVWLLGROJL RGGRmm &YHWRYLWH VH PDOL VR CROWR]HOHQD ERMDLVHSRVWDYHQLYRSD]XYLWHQDOLV WRYLWH6PUHNDWDHGYRGRPQRUDVWHQLH HGQR UDVWHQLH QRVL VDPR PD^NL D GUXJRQRVLVDPRCHQVNLFYHWRYL  3ORGRWHERELQNDNRMDVR]UHYDYRWHNRWQDQDUHGQDWDJRGLQDYR LVWRYUHPHUDVWHQLHWRSRVHGXYDL]HOHQLL]UHOLSORGRYL7LHQD SRaHWRNRWVH]HOHQLSRERMDSRWRDGRELYDDWERMDQD U_D]DGDQD NUDMNRJD`HVR]UHDWGDGRELMDWSHSHODVWRVLQRFUQDERMD 'UXJLYLGRYLNRLPRCDWELGDWL]YRU]DIDOVLILNXYDZHVH - Juniperus oxycedrus L. FUYHQDVPUHND o ERELQNLWHVHSRJROHPLRGERELQNLWHQDJuniperus communis mm YRGLMDPHWDUVRWHPQRFUYHQDERMD - Juniperus macrocarpa o ERELQNLWHQDJuniperus macrocarpa VHSRJROHPLRGERELQNLWHQD Juniperus communis. 5D]OLNDWD H YR VLQNDVWDWD SUHYODND 2YLH ERELQNLQHPDDWNRPHUFLMDOQDYUHGQRVW - Juniperus sabina L. o VHVUH`DYDYRQD^DWDIORUD%RELQNLWHVHRWURYQLSRERMDVH VLQRFUQLLOLFUQLcm YRGLMDPHWDU 83

- Juniperus phoenicea L. o Juniperus phoenicea PRCHGDVHQDMGHYRSUHGHOLWHYREOL]LQDQD NUDMEUHCMHWR %RELQNLWH VH PQRJX SRJROHPL RG ERELQNLWH QD Juniperus communisSRERMDVHCROWLLOLFUYHQRCROWLLRWURYQL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 6PUHNLQRWRGUYRPRCHGDVHQDMGHNDNRUDVWHYRUHWNLWH^XPLQD ERURW L EUH]DWD QD SODQLQVNLWH aLVWLQNL QD QHREUDERWOLYL QDSX^WHQLVXYLRJROHQLLNDPHQHVWLPHVWD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - ]UHOLRWSORGJuniperi fructus 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH .RJD `H VWDQDW VLQRFUQL SR ERMD ERELQNLWH VH ]UHOL L SRG JRWYHQL ]D EHUED .DM QDV WRD VH VOXaXYD RG NUDMRW QD DYJXVW GR RNWRPYUL]DYLVQRRGQDGPRUVNDWDYLVLQD $ODW]DEHUED -XWHQRSODWQR2 x 2 mUDNDYLFLPHWDOQDLOLGUYHQDNXNDLaDGRU 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH %RELFLWHPRCHGDVHEHUDWVRUDNDLOLGDVHLVWUHVDWRGJUPX^ NDWDQDSUHWKRGQRSRGJRWYHQRMXWHQRSODWQRLOLVOLaQDSRGORJD SU YR aDGRU  $NR JUPX^NDWD VH WUHVH WRD WUHED GD VH L]YHGH YQLPDWHOQRGDQHVHLVWUHVDWL]HOHQLWHSORGRYL9DCQRHGDVH VREHUDW]UHOLWHSORGRYL RGSORGRYLWHQDHGQRUDVWHQLHWUHEDGDVHRVWDYDW]DUHJH QHUDFLMD UD]PQRCXYDZH  1H H GR]YROHQR GD VH VHaH VWHEORWR QDVPUHNDWDLOLSDNFHOLJUPX^NL6PUHNDWDEDYQRVHUD]YLYD LQHVHREQRYXYDSRVOHVHaHZH7UHEDGDVHRVWDYDWQHREUDQL RG JUPX^NLWH ]D GD VH RVLJXUD VHPHQRWR UD]PQRCXYDZH QD YLGRWLREQRYDQDSRSXODFLMDWD6OHGQRWRVRELUDZHQDLVWRWR PHVWRHGR]YROHQRQDMPDONXSRVOHJRGLQL9DCQRHGDVH]QDH GHND ^XPVNLWH SRCDUL SUHWVWDYXYDDW SRVHEQD RSDVQRVW ]D VPUHNDWDELGHM`LWDDQHSRVHGXYDVSRVREQRVW]DUHJHQHUDFLMD 84

7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 3ORGRYLWHQDVPUHNDWDWUHEDGDVHVX^DWQDSURYHYQRPHVWRLRG YUHPHQDYUHPHGDVHSUHYUWXYDDW6X^HZHWRYRWHQRNVORMRYR] PRCXYD SROHVQR SUHYUWXYDZH L SRGHGQDNYR VX^HZH 3R VX^H ZHWRERELQNLWHWUHEDGDVHLVaLVWDWRGHYHQWXDOQLQHaLVWRWLL LJOLaNL]HOHQLERELQNLLVO6XYLWHERELQNLVHSDNXYDDWYRNDU WRQVNLNXWLLLOLYRMXWHQLYUH`L 6XYLRWSORGHPHVHVWVRWHPQRYLROHWRYDERMDLmm YRGLMD PHWDU0HVRWRVUCWD HWHPQR]HOHQRPHNRDSRSRGROJRYUHPH VWDQXYD VXQ_HUHVWR 3ORGRW QD VPUHNDWD LPD SULMDWHQ PLULV L VODWNRJRUaOLYYNXV 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWSORGVHSDNXYDYRYUH`LVRYRHGQDaHQDPDVD6XYLWH ERELQNL PRCH GD VH SDNXYDDW YR NDUWRQVNL NXWLL LOL YR MXWHQL YUH`L 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWURYQLLVLOQRDUR PDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD'URJDWDQHWUHEDGROJRGDVHaXYD]DWRD^WR HWHULaQRWR PDVOR VH JXEL D VR WRD VH YOR^XYD QHM]LQLRW NYDOLWHW 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLSORGRYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD

85

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Malva silvestris L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

&UQVOH]

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR &UQLRWVOH]SULSD_DQDIDPLOL MDWD Malvaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD WUH YHVWR SRYH`HJRGL^QR LOL GYHJR GL^QR UDVWHQLH VR GREUR UD] YLHQNRUHQ 6WHEORWRNRHHYLVRNRGRmH UD]JUDQHWRVRSROHJQDWLJUDQNL /LVWRYLWHVHYRREOLNQDGODQND QDPHVWDSUVWHVWRYUHCDQLL SRVWDYHQLVHQDGROJLGU^NL &YHWRYLWH VH UR]HYRYLROHWRYL SR ERMD SRVWDYHQL YR JUXSD YR SD]XYLWH QD OLVWRYLWH QD YUYRW QD L]GDQRNRW 9HQHaQLWH OLY aLZD VH VUFHYLGQL  cm GROJL LSDWLSRGROJLRGOLYaLZDWD QDaD^NDWD 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGMXQLGRVHS WHPYUL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH &UQLRW VOH] H UDVSURVWUDQHWR UDVWHQLH NRH VDND SORGQD SRaYD 5DVWH SR QDVHOELWH YR EOL]LQD QD NX`LWH L SRNUDM RJUDGLWH =D RUJDQVNRSURL]YRGVWYRQHWUHEDGDVHVRELUDDWSULPHURFLWHNRL UDVWDWSRNUDMNX`LWHRJUDGLWHLQDVHOHQLWHPHVWD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - OLVWMalvae folium - FYHWMalvae flos - VWHEORWRQDG]HPQLRWGHOL]GDQRNRW Malvae herba - NRUHQMalvae radix

86

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRYLWH L FYHWRYLWH VH VRELUDDW YR SHULRGRW QD FYHWDZH QD UDVWHQLHWRRGMXQLGRVHSWHPYUL 'RNRONXVHVRELUDVWHEORWRVR FYHWRYL L OLVWRYL  KHUEDWD QDMSRJRGQR H GD VH EHUH YR DYJXVW .RUHQRWVHYDGLYRSUROHWLYRHVHQ $ODW]DEHUED 0DODORSDWNDVHNDaQRCLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWEH]GU^NDNRJDVHFHORVQRUDVFYHWDQL6H VRELUDDWSRVRQaHYRLVXYRYUHPH1DG]HPQLRWGHOQDUDVWHQLHWR VR FYHWRYL L OLVWRYL VH VHaH SUL YUYRW RVWDYDM`L  cm RG L]GDQRNRW 5DVWHQLHWR VH VRELUD VR aLVWL OLVWRYL EH] EHOL LOL ELORNDNYLGUXJLGDPNLQDQLY.RUHQRWQDMOHVQRVHYDGLVRRVWUD ORSDWDSUL^WRYUYRWVH]DELYDYR]HPMDWDQDcm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aDWQDGHORYLGROJLcm6HVX^DWYRWHQRNVORM

87

3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRW UDVWLWHOHQ PDWHULMDO VH SDNXYD RGGHOQR  YR VWDQ GDUGQL EDOL VR PDVD RG  kg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 6XYLRW PDWHULMDOPRCHGDVHSDNXYDYRJXVWLMXWHQLLOLOHQHQLYUH`L=D SDNXYDZHQDNRUHZDWDWUHEDGDVHNRULVWLVLWQRPUHCHVWPDWH ULMDO DPEDODCD  6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURV WRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGHOHQL RG RWURYQL L VLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLOLVWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL 2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL 2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

88

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Ononis spinosa L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

*UPRWUQ]DMDaNLWUQ

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'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - NRUHQRGJUPRWUQOnonidis radix  9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRQDNRUHQRWVHRGYLYDYRWHNRWQDHVHQWDSR]UHHZH WRQDSORGRYLWHVHSWHPYULRNWRPYUL SUHNX]LPDWDSULSRJRG QL XVORYL ]D EHUHZH L GR UDQD SUROHW PDUW  DSULO  QR SUHG SRaHWRNRWQDUD]YRMQDUDVWHQLHWR $ODW]DEHUED .RSDaNR^HYL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 1DMSRGRJQR YUHPH ]D YDGHZH QD NRUHQLWH H SRVOH GRCG NRJD SRaYDWD H GREUR QDWRSHQD .RUHQLWH VH LVNRSXYDDW VR NRSDa VH LVWUHVXYDDW RG ]HPMDWD L VH RWVHNXYDDW QDG]HPQLWH GHORYL SRG NRUHQRYLRWYUDWWHQNLWHVWUDQLaQLNRUHQaLZDLWHQNLWHNUDHYL QDJODYQLRWNRUHQ3RYDGHZHWRQDNRUHQLWHRG]HPMDQDSUDYHQD WD GXSND WUHED GD VH LVSROQL VR ]HPMD 6H RWVWUDQXYDDW ^XSOLYLWHVNDSDQLWHLNRUHQLWHSRYUHGHQLRG^WHWQLFL,VNR SDQLWHNRUHQLVHVWDYDDWYRNR^HYLLOLWRUELLVHWUDQVSRUWL UDDWGRPHVWRWRQDVX^HZH 1H H GR]YROHQR GD VH YDGDW NRUHQL RG PODGL UDVWHQLMD ]DWRD ^WR VH XQL^WXYDDW L QH VH GRELYD VWDQGDUGQD GURJD ELGHM`L NRUHQLWHVHWHQNL3ULEHUHZHWRWUHEDGDVHRVWDYLQDMPDONX RGUDVWHQLMDWDVRGREURUD]YLHQLFYHWRQRVQLVWHEOD]DGDVH RVLJXUDVHPHQRWRUD]PQRCXYDZHQDYLGRWLYR]REQRYXYDZHQD QDR_DOL^WHWR 6OHGQRWR VRELUDZH QD LVWRWR QDR_DOL^WH H GR]YROHQRQDMPDONXSRVOHJRGLQLYR]DYLVQRVWRGVWHSHQRWQD REQRYD1HHGR]YROHQRGDVHVRELUDYRREODVWLNDGH^WRUHWNR VHVUH`DYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLWHNRUHQLVHL]PLYDDWYRPOD]RGYRGDLVHRVWDYDDWGDVH RWFHGDW 2WNRJD `H VH LVFHGDW SRGROJLWH NRUHQL VH VHaDW QD 90

SDUaLZDVRRSUHGHOHQDGROCLQDVDPRSULQDUDaND.RUHQLWHVH VX^DWQDRWYRUHQRUDVSRVWHOHQLYRRNROXcm GHEHOVORM3UL OR^RYUHPHNRUHQLWHVHVX^DWSRGVWUHLLOLYRSURYHWUHQLSURV WRULL UDVSRVWHOHQL QD SRWHQRN VORM  cm  YU] UDPNL LOL SRVWHONL 1H H GR]YROHQR LVNRULVWXYDZH QD SRVWHONL RG YH^ WDaNL PDWHULMDOL QDMORQ SROLHWLOHQ L VOLaQL QD QLY  NRL JR SRSUHaXYDDW EU]RWR RGGHOXYDZH QD YODJDWD 7RD GRYHGXYD GR YOR^XYDZHQDNYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWD.RUHQLWHVHLVX^HQLNRJD SULVYLWNXYDZHVHNU^DW6XYDWDGURJDX^WHHGQD^VHSURaLVWX YD RG SULPHVL L RG NRUHQL R^WHWHQL SUL VX^HZHWR 6XYLWH NR UHQLVHVRELUDDWQDNXSRYLYRVXYLSURVWRULLYRNRLRVWDQXYDDW GHQD]DYRHGQDaXYDZHQDYODJDWD=DWRDYUHPHVHSUHYUWXYDDW YQLPDWHOQRSDWLVRCHOH]QDYLODRGNXSaHQDNXSaH]DGDVH RWVWUDQDW ]HPMDWD WHQNLWH NRUHQL L GUXJLWH SULPHVL 7DND REUDERWHQLWHNRUHQLVHSRGJRWYHQL]DEDOLUDZHLSDNXYDZH3UL VX^HZHQDNRUHQLWHYRVX^QLFLWHPSHUDWXUDWDQHWUHEDGDELGH SRYLVRNDRG°C 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLWHNRUHQLVHSDNXYDDWYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVRYRHGQDaHQD PDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLL SURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLNRUHQLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

91

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Origanum vulgare L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

2ULJDQRSODQLQVNLaDM

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94

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Paeonia peregrina Mill.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

%RCXU

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98

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

/RSXK

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR /RSXKRW SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Asteraceae 3UHWVWDYXYD SRYH`H JRGL^QR WUHYHVWR GYRGRPQR UDV WHQLH VR PHVHVW SRO]HaNL UL]RP RG NRM YR SUROHW VH UD]YLYDDW FYHWRQRVQLWHVWHEOD3RVOHSUH FYHWXYDZHWR RG UL]RPRW VH UD] YLYDDWNUXSQLSUL]HPQLOLVWRYL VR GROJL L ^XSOLYL GU^NL L VUFHYLGQL OLVQL SORaL GR  cm YR SUHaQLN /LVQLWH SORaL VH QHUDPQRPHUQL QD]DEHQL RG JRUH VHPD]QLL]HOHQLDRGGROXVHVLYR]HOHQLLJUXERYODNQHVWL &YHWRQRVQLWH VWHEOD QD PD^NLWH HGLQNL LPDDW  OX^SHVWL OLYaLZDLFYHWQLJODYLaNLGRGHNDCHQVNLWHHGLQNLLPDDW  OX^SHVWL OLYaLZD L  FYHWQL JODYLaNL VREUDQL YR YUYQL JUR]GRYLGQL VRFYHWLMD 3RHGLQHaQLWH FYHWaLZD YR FYHW QLWH JODYLaNL VH WUXEHVWL EOHGR YLROHWRYL GR UR]HYL LOL CROWHQLNDYL0D^NLWHJODYLaNLVHmm, DCHQVNLWHRGmm YRSUHaQLN 3ORGRWHFLOLQGULaHQ 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGPDUWGRPDM .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWH SR NDPHQOLYL L YODCQL PHVWD SRNUDM UHNL L SODQLQVNL SRWRFLGRm QDGPRUVNDYLVRaLQD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - UL]RPVRNRUHQPetasitii rhizoma cum radicibus - OLVWPetasitii folium)

99

I5L]RPVRNRUHQPetasitii rhizoma cum radicibus 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWR QD UL]RPRW VH RGYLYD YR NUDMRW QD OHWRWR L YR SRaHWRNRWQDHVHQWDDYJXVWRNWRPYUL  $ODW]DEHUED /RSDWDLD^RY 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 5L]RPLWH]DHGQRVRNRUHQLWHVHSRWNRSXYDDWVRSUDYDORSDWDLOL D^RY D SRWRD VH RWNRUQXYDDW VR UDND 1DMSRJRGQR YUHPH ]D YDGHZHQDUL]RPLWHHSRVOHGRCG6REUDQLWHUL]RPLVHa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`DYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLWH UL]RPL VR NRUHQL VH L]PLYDDW SRG POD] RG YRGD 1H WUHED GD VH RVWDYDW SRGROJR YUHPH SRG YRGD ]D GD QH ]DSRaQH L]YOHNXYDZH QD ELRDNWLYQLWH PDWHULL 2WNRJD `H VH LVFHGDW VH VHaDWQDSDUaLZDRGcm LSULWRDVHRWVWUDQXYDDWJQLOLWH GHORYL3RGHEHOLWHUL]RPLVHFHSDWQDGROCQRQDLOLGHODYR ]DYLVQRVWRGQLYQDWDGHEHOLQD]DGDVH]DEU]DQLYQRWRVX^HZH 5L]RPLWHVHSRVWDYXYDDWYRHGHQVORMQDUDPNLLOLVWDODCLYR VLOQRSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLLOLQDRWYRUHQR3ULVX^HZHWRQD RWYRUHQRQHVPHHGDJLIDWLGRCGLOLURVD5L]RPLWHVHLVX^HQL 100

NRJD SUL VYLWNXYDZH VH NU^DW 6XYLWH UL]RPL VH VRELUDDW QD NXSRYL YR VXYL SURVWRULL YR NRL RVWDQXYDDW  GHQD ]D YRHGQDaXYDZHQDYODJDWD=DWRDYUHPHVHSUHYUWXYDDWYQLPDWHO QRSDWLVRYLODLSULWRDVHRWVWUDQXYDDWSURPHQHWLWHUL]R PL SUL VX^HZH L WHQNLWH NRUHQaLZD 0RCH GD VH VX^DW L YR VX^QLFLQDWHPSHUDWXUDQHSRYLVRNDRG°C 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUL]RPVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVRPDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWUR YQLLVLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLUL]RPLVRNRUHQLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD II/LVWRGORSXKPetasiti folium) 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWR QD OLVWRW VH RGYLYD YR WHNRW QD OHWRWR MXQL  DYJXVW NRJDQDMGREURVHUD]YLHQLLQHQDSDGQDWLRGU_D $ODW]DEHUED 1RCVUSNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRVHRGYLYDSRVXYRYUHPHNRJD`HVHNUHQHURVDWD6R RVWDU VUS LOL QRC VH RWVHNXYDDW OLVQLWH SORaL EH] OLVQLWH GU^NL3RJROHPLWHOLVWRYLVHVHaDWQDLOLGHOD1DEUDQLWH OLVWRYLUDVWUHVLWRVHVWDYDDWYRNR^QLFLDQLNDNRYRWRUEL 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR /LVWRYLWHVHVX^DWYRWHQRNVORMVRYODNQHVWDWDVWUDQDQDJRUH QDSURYHYQLPHVWDYRVHQNDSRVWHOHQLYU]UDPNLLQHVHGRSLUDDW VH GRGHND QH VH LVX^DW 1H H GR]YROHQR LVNRULVWXYDZH QD YH^WDaNL PDWHULMDOL QDMORQ SROLHWLOHQ L VOLaQL QD QLY  JR 101

SRSUHaXYDDW EU]RWR RGGHOXYDZH QD YODJDWD 7RD GRYHGXYD GR YOR^XYDZH QD NYDOLWHWRW QD GURJDWD D NRJD H YODCQR YUHPHWR GXUL L GR UDVLSXYDZH 9R SURFHVRW QD VX^HZH OLVWRYLWH WUHED aHVWRGDVHSUHYUWXYDYR]DYLVQRVWRGYUHPHQVNLWHSULOLNLLVWH SHQRW QD QLYQD LVX^HQRVW /LVWRYLWH VH VXYL NRJD QDMGHEHOLWH CLOL QD OLVQDWD SORaD SUL VYLWNXYDZH VH NU^DW /LVWRYLWH PRCH GD VH VX^DW L YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHUDWXUD QH SRYLVRND RG °C L GREUD YHQWLODFLMD 6XYDWD GURJD VH aLVWL X^WH HGQD^ RG UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL 3RWHPQHWLWH OLVWRYL QHPDDW NRPHUFLMDOQD YUHGQRVW3RWRDOLVWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWYQLPDWHOQRQDNXSYRVXYD SURVWRULMDLWDPXRVWDQXYDDWGHQD]DGDVHYRHGQDaLYODJDWD SRVOH^WRPRCHGDVHEDOLUDLSDNXYD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUL]RPVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVRPDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWUR YQLLVLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLOLVWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL

102

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Pinus mugo Turra

/RNDOQLLPLZD

3ODQLQVNLERU[X[HVWERU

Pinus mugoH]DJUR]HQYLG1HHSRJRGHQ]DRUJDQVNRSURL]YRGVW YRRGGLYLSRSXODFLL6RELUDZHWRRGGLYLUDVWHQLMDPRCHGDVH VSURYHGH VDPR GRNRONX VWHEODWD VH SUHWKRGQR SRUDGL GUXJD SULaLQDNXWQDWLLVHaHQL LOLVHRWVHaHQLJUDQNLWH 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Pinus mugo SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Pinaceae#LYRWQLRWREOLNQDUDV WHQLHWRHSROHJQDWDJUPX^ND .RUHQRYLRW VLVWHP H UD]JUDQHW L GRVWLJQXYD GR  m YR GLMDPHWDU 1HSUDYLOQLWH VWHEOD OHCDW QD ]HPMD D JUDQNLWH VH JXVWL L YHU WLNDOQR VDEMHVWR SRVWDYHQL GR  m YR GROCLQD .RUDWD H VLYR NDIHDYD FUQD LOL FUYHQRNDIHD YD  L PRCH GD VH L]OXSL QD PDOL SDUaLZDGHEHOLmm3XSNLWHVH GROJLRYDOQLLSRNULHQLVRVPROD /LVWRYLWH VH LJOLaHVWL VR WHPQR ]HOHQD ERMD RG GYHWH VWUDQL 'YH LJOLaNL L]UDVQXYDDW RG NUDWNLWH EHOLL]UDVWRFLLRVWDQXYDDWQDJUDQNLWHRNROXJRGLQL 0D^NLWHFYHWRYLVHGROJLLCROWHQLNDYLDCHQVNLWHVHRNUXJOL L VLQNDVWL 1D SRaHWRNRW RG UD]YRMRW ^L^DUNLWH VH VHGHaNL L VLQNDVWLSRGRFQDNDIHDYLLRNUXJOLDVR]UHYDDWYRWUHWDWDJR GLQDQDSUROHW9RQLYVHVPHVWHQLNDIHDYLMDMFHYLGQLVHPLZD .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 3ODQLQVNLRWERUUDVWHYR^XPLWHNRLSULSD_DDWQDVXEDOSVNDWD LDOSVNDWD]RQDQDQDGPRUVNDYLVLQDGRm LQDCLYHDOL^WD L]ORCHQLQDVRQFH 103

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - YUYRYLWHQDPODGLWHJUDQNLPini mugonis 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 9UHPHQVNLRWSHULRGQDVRELUDZHHYRWHNRWQDDNWLYQLRWYHJHWD FLRQHQSHULRGRGMXQLGRDYJXVW $ODW]DEHUED 2VWULVHNDaLLOLQRCLFL]DRWVHNXYDZHQDJUDQNLWH 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6HVHaDWPODGLWHYUYRYLQDJUDQNLWHVRLJOLaNLYRGROCLQDGR cm6REUDQLRWPDWHULMDOVHJUXSLUDYRVQRSRYLLVHWUDQVSRUWL UDYRSRJRGQDDPEDODCDNR^QLFLOHQHQLLOLKDUWLHQLYUH`L  6HNRJD^LPDMWHQDXPGHNDUDVWHQLHWRUDVWHPQRJXEDYQRQDYLVR NLQDGPRUVNLYLVLQLWDND^WRWUHEDGDVHL]EHJQXYDDWELORNDNYL R^WHWXYDZD5DVWLWHOQLRWPDWHULMDOPRCHGDVHVRELUDVDPRRG SDGQDWLWHGUYDLOLRGRWVHaHQLWHJUDQNL 'R]YROHQR H LVNRULVWXYDZH GR  RG SRSXODFLMDWD QD HGQR CLYHDOL^WHSRUDGLWRD^WRVHUDERWL]D]DJUR]HQL]D^WLWHQ YLG 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 2GVREUDQLWHGHORYLQDUDVWHQLHWRVRSRPR^QDGHVWLODFLMDVR YRGHQDSDUHDVHGRELYDHWHULaQRWRPDVOR

104

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Plantago lanceolata L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

7HVQROLVWHQWHJDYHF

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 7HVQROLVWQLRW WHJDYHF H SRYH`HJRGL^QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH NRH SULSD_D QD IDPL OLMDWDPlantaginaceae /LVWRYLWHVHVREUDQLYRSUL]HPQDUR]HWD 3R UDERYLWH VH L]GROCHQL VR LVWDNQDWL QHUYL &YHWQRWRVWHEORHSRGROJRRGOLVWRYLWH LLPDGODERNLEUD]GL9LVRNRHGRcm VR  cm GROJR NODVRYLGQR VRFYHWLH QD YUYRW NRH VRGUCL UR]HYL FYHWRYL &YH WRYLWH VH GYD SDWL SRGROJL RG YHQaHWR L LPDDWCROWHQLNDYLSUD^QLFL 'UXJLVOLaQLYLGRYLVH - Plantago major ^LURNROLVWHQWHJDYHF  VH UD]OLNXYD RG Plantago lanceolata SR REOLNRWQDOLVWRYLWHNRLVHSR^LURNL - Plantago media VUHGHQWHJDYHF HYODNQHVW/LVWRYLWHVHYRUR]H WDDQDVHNRMOLVWVHLVWDNQDWLODaQRVYLHQLQHUYLNRLVHVSRMX YDDWQDYUYRWRGOLVWRW .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 7HVQROLVWQLRW WHJDYHF UDVWH QD OLYDGL L SDVL^WD 6DND KUDQ OLYLSHVRNOLYL]HPML^WD5DVWHYRVYHWOLWH^XPLQDULGRYLWHL QDYLVRNLWHSODQLQLGRm QDGPRUVNDYLVLQD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - OLVWRYLPlantaginis folium 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWRGPDMGRRNWRPYULNRJDUDVWHQLHWRFYHWD

105

$ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLLNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRYLWHWUHEDGDVHEHUDWVRQRCLFLNRJDQHPDURVD6HVREL UDDWPODGLWH]GUDYLLQHR^WHWHQLOLVWRYL]DYUHPHQDFYHWDZH WR QD UDVWHQLHWR 7UHED GD VH YQLPDYD OLVWRYLWH QD WHVQROLVW QLRWWHJDYHFGDQHVH]DPHQDWVROLVWRYLWHQDYROQHVWLRWEXWLQ Digitalis lanata NRMHRWURYHQ 1HHGR]YROHQRNXEHZHQDUDVWHQLMDWDRG]HPMDLOLRWVHNXYDZH QD FHODWD UR]HWD YR RVQRYDWD 3UDYLODWD YHODW GHND  RG UDVWLWHOQDWDSRSXODFLMDWUHEDGDRVWDQHQHGRSUHQDLOLGDVH RVWDYDW QDMPDONX  RG UDVWHQLMDWD VR GREUR UD]YLHQL FYHWRQRVQL VWHEOD ]D GD VH RVLJXUD QRUPDOQRWR VHPHQR UD]P QRCXYDZHQDYLGRWLREQRYDQDSRSXODFLMDWD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR /LVWRYLWH QD WHVQROLVWQLRW WHJDYHF VH VX^DW YR WHQRN VORM YR VHQND L QD SURYHYQL PHVWD ]D GD VH ]DGUCL XEDYDWD ]HOHQD ERMD NDUDNWHULVWLaQLRWPLULVLVODERJRUaOLYLRWYNXV 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLWH OLVWRYL VH SDNXYDDW YR VWDQ GDUGQL EDOL VR PDVD RG  kg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 6XYLRW UDVWLWHOHQ PDWHUL MDO PRCH GD VH VSDNXYD L YR KDUWLHQL YUH`LLOLYRNDUWRQVNLNXWLL6HaXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQ aHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLV WRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRW URYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLOLVWRYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD 106

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Primula veris (L.) Huds.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

-DJOLND

6RELUDZHWR QD MDJOLNDWD PRUD GD ELGH VWURJR RJUDQLaHQR D NROLaLQLWHQDGJOHGXYDQLSRUDGLQDPDOXYDZHQDL]RELOVWYRWRRG RYD UDVWHQLH YR PQRJX GHORYL QD (YURSD NDNR UH]XOWDW QD QHM]LQRWR VRELUDZH ]D PHGLFLQVNL FHOL 1H WUHED GD VH VRELUD NRUHQRWQDMDJOLNDWD 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR -DJOLNDWD SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Primulaceae 7DD H SRYH`HJRGL^QR WUH YHVWR UDVWHQLH NRH UD]YLYD VYHWOR ]HOHQL OLVWRYL SRVWDYHQL YR SUL]HPQD UR]HWD /LVWRYLWH VH QDEUDQL L SRGYLW NDQLQDUDERYLWHSRVWHSHQRNRQRVQRYD WD VWDQXYDDW SRWHVQL L SUHPLQXYDDW YR EHOLaHVWDVRaQDOLVQDGU^ND 2G VUHGLQDWD QD OLVQDWD UR]HWD VH UD] YLYDFYHWQRVWHEORYLVRNRGRcm NRH QD YUYRW QRVL ^WLWRYLGQR VRFYHWLH &YHWRYLWH VH VYHWOR CROWL FHYaHVWL L SRVHGXYDDWYHQHaQLOLYaLZD0LULVRW QDFYHWRYLWHHEODJLSULMDWHQ&YHWQDWD GU^NDHYODNQHVWDNDNRLRSDaLQDWDQD OLVWRYLWH 5L]RPRWHGROJcm LRGQHJRL]OHJXYDDWEURMQLWHQNLPDOLL CROWHQLNDYLNRUHQaLZD .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH -DJOLNDWDSUHWHCQRUDVWHQDVRQaHYLLVXYLOLYDGLULGVNLSDGL QLYREOL]LQDWDQDJUPX^NLWHLOLQDVYHWOLPHVWDYROLVWRSDGQL ^XPL0RCHGDVHQDMGHQDQDGPRUVNDYLVLQDGRm 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWPrimulae flos 107

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRWVHVRELUDYRPDUWLDSULO $ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLLNR^QLFD 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWSRVRQaHYRLVXYRYUHPHNRJDQHPDURVD 3RUDGLSUHJROHPDEHUEDMDJOLNDWDQDPQRJXPHVWDHSURUHWaHQDL XQL^WHQDSD]DWRDSRWUHEQRHGDVH]D^WLWL 3ULVRELUDZHWRFYHWRYLRG UDVWHQLMDWDLOLQDMPDONX RGGREURUD]YLHQLWHUDVWHQLMDQDCLYHDOL^WHWRQDNRHVHVREL UD WUHED GD RVWDQDW QHGRSUHQL ]D GD VH RVLJXUD VHPHQRWR UD] PQRCXYDZH1DCLYHDOL^WDWDNDGH^WRHSURUHWaHQDQHHGR] YROHQRGDVHVRELUD.RQWUROLUDQRVRELUDZHPRCHGDVHYU^L QDPHVWDNDGHLPDERJDWLSRSXODFLLQRQDVHNRLJRGLQL 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR &YHWRYLWHQDMDJOLNDWDVHVX^DWQDSURYHYQLPHVWDYRVHQND]DGD VH]DaXYDQLYQDWDSULURGQDERMD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLWH FYHWRYL VH SDNXYDDW YR VWDQ GDUGQLEDOLVRPDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQLVR WNDHQLQD 3R VX^HZHWR FYHWRYLWH PRCH GD VH SDNXYDDW L YR KDUWLHQL YUH`L LOL NXWLL 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYH WUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRG GLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUH GL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2G  kg VYHCL FYHWRYL VH GRELYD  kg VXYDGURJD 108

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Rosa canina L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

'LYDUR]D^LSND

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 'LYDWD UR]D SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Rosaceae3UHWVWDYXYDUD]JUDQHWDLWUQOL YD JUPX^ND YLVRND GR  m *UDQNLWH VH GROJLLWHQNLODaQRVYLHQL/LVWRYLWHVH QHSDUQRSHUHVWRVORCHQLVRVWDYHQLRG HOLSWLaQRL]GROCHQLQDYUYRWRVWULLSR UDERW SUDYLOQR SLOHVWR QD]DEHQL OLY aLZD &YHWRYLWH VH XEDYL L NUXSQL VR  UR]HY NDVWL LOL EHOL YHQHaQL OLYaLZD 3ORGRW LPDFUYHQDERMDLGROCLQDRGGRcm L QDVWDQXYDRGFYHWQDWDORCDNRMDSRVWDQXYD PHVHVWD 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDYRPDMLMXQLDSORGRYLWH VH]UHOLYRVHSWHPYULLRNWRPYUL %OLVNLVURGQLYLGRYLVH - Rosa dumetorum Thuill  SUHWVWDYXYD JUPX^ND YLVRND  m 0QRJXHVOLaQDVRRosa canina/LVWRYLWHVHVYHWOR]HOHQLLYODN QHVWLRGGYHWHVWUDQLSORGRWHLVWNDNRSORGRWQDRosa canina6H EHUDW]DHGQR*LQDVHOXYDSRWRSOLWHNUDHYL - Rosa rugosa L. U_HVWDUR]D SUHWVWDYXYDJUPX^NDYLVRNDm VR NXNDVWR VYLHQL WUQRYL NRL VH SUR^LUHQL YR RVQRYDWD 9R VSRUHGEDVRSORGRWQDRosa caninaSORGRWQDRosa rugosa HRYDOHQ DFYHWRYLWHLPDDWPQRJXSRYH`HSUD^QLFL - Rosa acicularis SODQLQVNDUR]D HJUPX^NDYLVRNDRGGRm &YHWRYLWHVHFUYHQLDSORGRWHPQRJXSRGROJRGSORGRWQDRosa canina mm LUDVWHQDQDGPRUVNLYLVLQLGRm .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 'LYDWDUR]DUDVWHQDVHNDGH5DVWHSRNUDM^XPLCLYLRJUDGLYR QL]LQLWH NDNR L YR SODQLQLWH =D RUJDQVNR SURL]YRGVWYR QH 109

WUHEDGDVHVRELUDRGSULPHURFLWHNRLUDVWDWSRNUDMCLYLRJUD GLLQDVHOEL 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - SORGRosae fructus, Cynosbati fructus 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6HSWHPYULLRNWRPYUL $ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLLNRCQLUDNDYLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6HVRELUDDW]UHOLWHLFYUVWLSORGRYLEH]GU^ND  RG SORGRYLWH PRUD GD RVWDQDW QHGRSUHQL ]DUDGL UHJH QHUDFLMDQDSRSXODFLMDWD1HHGR]YROHQRGDVHNU^DWLVHaDW JUDQNLRGJUPX^NLWH]DGDSRWRDVHVRELUDDWSORGRYLWHRGQLY 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLWHSORGRYLVHVX^DWFHOLLOLSUHVHaHQLQDSROD0RCH GD VH VX^DW YR VX^QLFL LOL SULURGQR QD SURYHYQL PHVWD 3ORGRYLWH VX^HQL YR VX^QLFL LPDDW SRYRHGQDaHQ L SRGREDU NYDOLWHW 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLWHSORGRYLVHSDNXYDDWYRKDU WLHQL LOL SROLSURSLOHQVNL YUH`L VR YRHGQDaHQD PDVD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWURYQL LVLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLSORGRYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD 110

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Rubus idaeus L.

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113

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Rubus sp. diversa

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114

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116

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Salix alba L.

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118

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Salvia officinalis L.

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Sambucus nigra L.

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Satureja montana L.

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AXEULND

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Satureja montana SULSD_DQDIDPLOL MDWD Lamiaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD HGQRJR GL^QRLOLSRYH`HJRGL^QRUD]JUDQH WR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH YLVRNR GR  cm /LVWRYLWH VH WHVQL ]HOHQL OL QHDUQRODQFHWRYLGQLGROJLGRcm VHGHaNL LOL QD PQRJX NUDWNL OLVQL GU^NL1DRSDaLQDWDVHVLYNDVWL &YHWRYLWHVHPDOLEHOLUR]HYLLOL VYHWOR UR]HYL VR FYHWQL GU^NL SR VWDYHQL YR SD]XYLWH QD OLVWRYLWH L GDYDDW YSHaDWRN QD PDOD PHWOLaND 3RVHEQLRWSULMDWHQPLULVQDUDVWH QLHWR GRD_D RG HWHULaQRWR PDVOR NRH LPD YLVRND VRGUCLQD QD NDU YDNURO 3HULRGRWQDFYHWDZH]DYLVLRGQDG PRUVNDWD YLVLQD L ]DSRaQXYD RG MXOLSDVpGRRNWRPYULSUYRQDSRYLVRNLWHDSRWRDQDSRQLVNLWH PHVWD 6HNRULVWLNDNROHNRYLWRL]DaLQVNLUDVWHQLH 3RVWRMDWQHNRLVURGQLLPQRJXVOLaQLYLGRYLNDNR - Satureja hortensis .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWH QD VXYL NDPHQHVWL L WRSOL PHVWD QD VRQaHYLWH SDGLQL 3UHWVWDYXYD PHGLWHUDQVNR UDVWHQLH NRH UDVWH QD EUHJRW QD -DGUDQVNRWRPRUHLYRNRQWLQHQWDOQLWHGHORYL 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - QDG]HPQLRWWUHYHVWGHOKHUEDWD Saturejae herba 123

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6HVRELUDYRWHNRWQDSHULRGRWQDFYHWDZHRGMXQLGRRNWRPYUL 1DMGREURHGDVHVRELUDSRVXYRLVRQaHYRYUHPHUDQRQDXWURL GRFQDSRSODGQH$NRYUHPHWRHVXYRPRCHGDVHVRELUDYRWHNRW QDFHORWROHWRVpGRHVHQWD$NRVHVRELUD]DGHVWLODFLMDQDHWH ULaQRWRPDVORSHULRGRWQDVRELUDZHHQDNUDMRWQDVHSWHPYUL SUL^WRUDVWHQLHWRQHWUHEDGDVHVX^L $ODW]DEHUED 6USRYLLQRCLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6H VRELUD  cm RG QDG]HPQLRW ]HOMHVW GHO EH] GUYHQHVWLRW GHO  QD UDVWHQLHWR NRJD WRD H FHORVQR UDVFYHWDQR 6REUDQLWH UDVWHQLMD VH SDNXYDDW YR SRJRGQD DPEDODCD MXWHQL YUH`L  L VH WUDQVSRUWLUDDWGRPHVWRWRQDVX^HZH 1HHGR]YROHQRNXEHZHQDUDVWHQLMDWDRG]HPMD6SRUHGSUDYL ODWD PRUD GD VH RVWDYDW  RG SRSXODFLMDWD QD HGHQ ORND OLWHW QHGRSUHQL LOL QDMPDONX  RG UDVWHQLMDWD VR GREUR UD]YLHQL FYHWRQRVQL VWHEOD ]D GD VH RVLJXUD VHPHQRWR UD] PQRCXYDZHLYR]REQRYXYDZHQDQDR_DOL^WHWR6OHGQRWRVREL UDZH QD LVWRWR PHVWR QDR_DOL^WH  H GR]YROHQR SRVOH QDM PDONXJRGLQLYR]DYLVQRVWRGVWHSHQRWQDREQRYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 3UHG VX^HZHWR UDVWLWHOQLRW PDWHULMDO WUHED GD VH LVaLVWL RG QHaLVWRWLL6HVX^LYRWHQRNVORMQDSRNULHQLLSURYHYQLPHVWD EH]GLUHNWQRL]ORCXYDZHQDVRQFHLOLYRVX^QLFLQDWHPSHUDWX UDGR°C 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQDWDKHUEDVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVRPDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 5DVWLWHOQLRW PDWHULMDO PRCH GD VH VSDNXYDLYRMXWHQLYUH`L6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLLSURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD 124

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125

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Sideritis scardica Griseb.

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126

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HGQD^ RG UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL 5DVWHQLMDWD VR SRWHPQHWL OLVWRYL LOLEH]OLVWRYLLUDVWHQLMDWDEH]FYHWRYLQHPDDWNRPHUFLMDOQD YUHGQRVW3RWRDVHVRELUDYQLPDWHOQRQDSRGHEHOSODVWYRVXYD SURVWRULMD WDPX RVWDQXYD  GHQD ]D GD VH YRHGQDaL YODJDWD SRVOH^WRPRCHGDVHSDNXYD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH 6XYLRWPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRaLVWLMXWHQLLOLKDUWLHQLYUH`L 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWURYQLLVLOQRDUR PDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

128

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Stachys officinalis L.

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5DQLOLVW

=DEHOH^ND 8SDWVWYDWD ]D VRELUDZH QD UDQLOLVWRW PRCDW GD VH SULPHQDW L SUL VRELUDZH QD PDJDUH^NL aDM UDVWHQLMD NRL SULSD_DDWQDURGRYLWHStachys germanica L Stachys alpina. 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 5DQLOLVWRWSULSD_DQDIDPLOL MDWD Lamiaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD SRYH`HJRGL^QR LVSUDYHQR WUH YHVWR UDVWHQLH YLVRNR RG  cm VR KRUL]RQWDOHQ UL]RP 6WHEODWD VH aHWYRURDJOHVWL YODNQHVWL L YR JRUQLRW GHO UHWNRVHUD]JUDQHWL /LVWRYLWH VH FHOL L]GROCHQR MDMFHYLGQLVRVUFHYLGQDRVQRYD D SR UDERW VH WDSR QD]DEHQL 'ROJL VH  cm D ^LURNL  cm /LVWRYLWH VH VSURWLYQRSR ORCQL QD GROQLRW GHO VH QD OLVQL GU^NL D YR JRUQLRW GHO VH SULVHGQDWL &YHWRYLWH VH VREUDQL QD YUYRW RG VWHEORWR YR SU^OHQL AD^NDWD H  mm GROJDLSDWLSRNXVDRGYHQaHWRNRHHMDUNRFUYHQRGRUR]HYRNDM PDJDUH^NLRWaDMYHQaHWRHEHOR LGYRXVQDWR3ORGRWHVXYLVH UDVSD_DQDNDIHDYLWULDJOHVWLRUHYaLZD 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGMXQLGRVHSWHPYUL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DQLOLVWRW UDVWH SR OLYDGL WUHYHVWL PHVWD SRPH_X JUPX^NL L UHWNL^XPL5DVSURVWUDQHWRHSRQL]LQLWHLSODQLQLWHGR1.400 m QDGPRUVNDYLVRaLQD

129

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131

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Taraxacum officinale Web.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

*OXYDUaH

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR *OXYDUaHWRSULSD_DQDIDPLOL MDWD Asteraceae Compositae  7RD H SRYH`HJRGL^QR WUHYHVWR UDV WHQLH 5D]YLYD GODERN L GHEHO JODYHQ NRUHQ RG NRM L]ELYD UR]HWD QD GROJL WHVQL GODERNR SHUHVWR YUHCDQL L SR UDERW FHOL LOL QD]DEHQL VMDMQL WHPQR ]HOHQL LOLVPH_DVWLOLVWRYL >XSOLYLWH FYHWQL VWHEOD NRL VH YLVRNL RNROX  cm UDVWDW GLUHNWQRRGNRUHQRWLVHNRHRG QLY VR]GDYD SR HGQR ]ODWQR CROWRJODYLaHVWRVRFYHWLH cm 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGDSULOGRRNWRPYUL 3RFYHWDZHWRNRJDVHPHWR`HVR]UHHVHUD]YLYDDWVQHCQREHOL WRSaLZD NRL VH VRVWDYHQL RG PQRJX FUQL DKHQLL VR EHOL ^WLWRYLGQLSDSXVL NRLVHUD]QHVXYDDWVRSRPR^QDYHWURW1D RYRMQDaLQUDVWHQLHWRVHUD]PQRCXYD .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH *OXYDUaHWR H ^LURNR UDVSURVWUDQHWR UDVWHQLH 5DVWH QDVHNDGH GR NDM ^WR GRVSHYDDW VHPLZDWD =D RUJDQVNR SURL]YRGVWYR QH H GR]YROHQR GD VH VRELUD YR EOL]LQD QD QDVHOHQL PHVWD SDWL^WD RYR^WDUQLFLLVO=DWDDFHOPRCHGDVHVRELUDVDPRRG"GLYL" CLYHDOL^WD ,VWRWDNDUDVWHLQDYLVRNLWHSODQLQLQRYRWRMVOXaDMUR]HWDWD PX H SRPDOD 5DVWHQLHWR VDND SORGQD KXPXVQD L YODCQD SRaYD 1HJRYLRW L]JOHG YDULUD YR ]DYLVQRVW RG CLYHDOL^WHWR L HNROR^NLWHXVORYL 132

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134

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Teucrium montanum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

7UHYDLYD

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135

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136

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137

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Teucrium polium L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

%HOGXEHFSRGXEHFSRGDELaH

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR Teucrium polium SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD QD XVQR FYHWQL UDVWHQLMD Lamiaceae  7RD H WUHYHVWR SRYH`HJRGL^QR SROXJU PX^HVWRUDVWHQLHVRVL OHQ NRUHQ RNROX  cm YLVRNR 6WHEODWD VH QHMDVQR aHWYRURDJOHVWL VNRURFLOLQGULaQLLJXV WR QDSODVWHQL VR YODN QHQFD /LVWRYLWHVHHOLSWLaQRODQFHWRYLGQLWDSRQD]DEHQLSULRVQR YDWDVWHVQHWL'ROJLVHcm LVHVHGHaNL &YHWRYLWHVHEHOLLOLCROWHQLNDYLVREUDQLYRYUYQLJODYLaNL QDJUDQNLWHAD^NDWDH\YRQaHVWDDYHQaHWRMDQHPDGROQDWDXVQD NDNRNDMGUXJLWHXVQRFYHWQLUDVWHQLMD3ORGRWHVXYLVHUDVSD_D QDHOLSVRYLGQLWHPQLRUHYaLZD 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGMXQLGRDYJXVW .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWH QD VXYL WRSOL YDURYQLaNL L VLOLNDWQL NDPHZDUL L QD SHVRNOLYL ]HPML^WD 5DVSURVWUDQHWR H QD VHNDGH QD QDGPRUVND YLVRaLQDGRm 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - QDG]HPQLWHGHORYLVRFYHWRYLWHKHUED Teucrii polii herba 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQLHWRVHEHUHRGMXQLGRDYJXVW

138

$ODW]DEHUED 1RCLOLQRCLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6H RWVHNXYD VR RVWDU QRC FHOLRW QDG]HPHQ GHO 1H VH VHaDW QHJRYLWHGUYHQHVWLGHORYL6HaLVWLRGSHVRNRWL]HPMDWDLQHH GR]YROHQR VRELUDZH QD SUHFYHWDQL L UDVWHQLMD QDSDGQDWL RG EROHVWL1HVPHHGDVHNRUQH]DWRD^WRYRGURJDWDQHVPHHGDLPD GHORYLRGNRUHQRWVR^WRELVHQDPDOLONYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWD Teucrium polium VHVRELUDSRVRQaHYRYUHPH 1HHGR]YROHQRNXEHZHQDQDG]HPQLRWGHO=DGROCLWHOQRHSUL EHUHZHWR GD VH RVWDYL QDMPDONX  RG UDVWHQLMDWD VR GREUR UD]YLHQL FYHWRQRVQL VWHEOD ]D GD VH RVLJXUD VHPHQRWR UD]P QRCXYDZH QD YLGRW L YR]REQRYXYDZH QD QDR_DOL^WHWR 6OHGQRWRVRELUDZHQDLVWRWRQDR_DOL^WHHGR]YROHQRQDMUDQR SRVOH  JRGLQL 1H H GR]YROHQR GD VH VRELUD YR REODVWL NDGH ^WRUHWNRVHVUH`DYD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQDWDKHUEDVHaLVWLRGSULPHVLRG]HPMDRGSUHFYHWDQLLOL UDVWHQLMDQDSDGQDWLRGEROHVWLLRGGUXJLUDVWHQLMD6HVX^LSRG VHQNDYRSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULL+HUEDWDVHVX^LYRWHQRNVORMQD UDPNLVWDODCLLOLQDSRVWHOHQDKDUWLMDQDSRG1HHGR]YROHQR LVNRULVWXYDZH QD YH^WDaNL PDWHULMDOL QDMORQ SROLHWLOHQ L VOLaQLQDQLY JRSRSUHaXYDDWEU]RWRRGGHOXYDZHQDYODJDWD7RD GRYHGXYDGRYOR^XYDZHQDNYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWDDNRJDHYODCQR YUHPHWR GXUL L GR UDVLSXYDZH 9R SURFHVRW QD VX^HZH KHUEDWD WUHEDaHVWRGDVHSUHYUWXYDYR]DYLVQRVWRGYUHPHQVNLWHSULOL NLLVWHSHQRWQDQLYQDLVX^HQRVW=DSREU]RVX^HZHUDVWHQLMDWD PRCDWGDVHL]ORCDWaDVDQDVRQFHDSRWRDVHGRVX^XYDDWQD VHQND+HUEDWDHVXYDNRJDQDMGHEHOLWHGHORYLQDVWHEORWRLOLV QLWHGU^NLSULVYLWNXYDZHVHNU^DW +HUEDWDPRCHGDVHVX^LL YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHUDWXUD QH SRYLVRND RG C L GREUD YHQWL ODFLMD6XYDWDGURJDVHaLVWLX^WHHGQD^RGUDVLSDQLWHGHORYL 5DVWHQLMDWDVRSRWHPQHWLOLVWRYLLOLEH]OLVWRYLLUDVWHQLMDWD 139

EH]FYHWRYLQHPDDWNRPHUFLMDOQDYUHGQRVW3RWRDVHVRELUDYQL PDWHOQR QD SRGHEHO SODVW YR VXYD SURVWRULMD WDPX RVWDQXYD  GHQD ]D GD VH YRHGQDaL YODJDWD SRVOH ^WR PRCH GD VH EDOLUD L SDNXYD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQDWDKHUEDVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVRPDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWUR YQLLVLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

140

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Thymus spp. L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

0DMaLQDGX^LaNDPDWHUND

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 0DMaLQDWD GX^LFD H PDOR SR YH`HJRGL^QR SROXJUPX^HVWR UDVWHQLH RG IDPLOLMDWD LamiceaeYLVRNRRNROXcm,PD VLOQR UD]YLHQ NRUHQRY VLVWHP NRMPXRYR]PRCXYDGDCLYHHQD VLURPD^QL]HPML^WD 6WHEORWR YR RVQRYDWD H RGU YHQHWR L GHOXPQR SRO]L SR SRGORJDWD9RGROQLRWGHOQD VWHEORWR VH UD]YLYDDW DGYHQ WLYQL NRUHQL D YR JRUQLRW GHO JUDQNLWH VH aHWYRURDJRO QLFUYHQNDVWLLYODNQHVWLVR UR]HWDRGOLVWRYLQDNUDMRW /LVWRYLWH VH GROJL  cm L  mm ^LURNL FYUVWL NUXWL L HOLSWLaQL VR COH]GHVWL WRaNL NRL VRGUCDW EURMQL COH]GL LVSROQHWL VR HWHULaQR PDVOR 6PHVWHQLVHQDOLVQLGU^NLGROJLmm &YHWRYLWHVHSRVWDYHQLQDNUDWNLFYHWQLGU^NLGROJLGRmm L]OHJXYDDW RG SD]XYLWH QD OLVWRYLWH L IRUPLUDDW WRSaHVWR LOL PDONXL]GROCHQRVRFYHWLHQDYUYRWRGJUDQNLWH&YHWDYRWHNRW QDOHWRWR&HORWRUDVWHQLHLPDSULMDWHQLDURPDWLaHQPLULV 6OLaHQYLGHLThymus vulgaris NRMLPDEHOLFYHWRYL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQLHWR UDVWH QD YDURYQLaNL SRGORJL SORGQL VLURPD^QL QHXWUDOQLLOLXPHUHQRDONDOQLSRaYL.LVHOLWHLYODCQLSRaYL QHtJRGDWQDPDMaLQDWDGX^LFD6DNDVYHWOLQDLWRSOLQDRVREHQR YRSHULRGRWQDFYHWDZH3RUDGLWRDCLYHDOL^WDWDQDThymus spp. VHL]ORCHQLQDVRQFHL]D^WLWHQLRGYHWDU'RNRONXYRSHULRGRW 141

QD FYHWDZH SUHRYODGXYDDW REODaQR YUHPH L YUQHCL VREUDQLRW PDWHULMDOLPDVODENYDOLWHW 2ELaQRUDVWHQDJROHPLSRYU^LQLJROLQLSDVL^WDOLYDGLLQD GUXJL YRJODYQR VRQaHYL PHVWD =D RUJDQVNR SURL]YRGVWYR QH H GR]YROHQRVRELUDZHRGQLYLWHLYRQDVHOHQLWHPHVWD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - PODGLL]HOHQLGHORYLQDVWHEORWRVROLVWRYLLFYHWRYLThymi serpylli herba 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6H VRELUD RG PDM GR RNWRPYUL 6RELUDZHWR VH YU^L SR XEDYR L VRQaHYRYUHPHNRJDQHPDURVD $ODW]DEHUED 2VWDUQRCPDOVUSQRQDMGREURHXSRWUHEDQDVRRGYHWQLRVWUL QRCLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 9RWHNRWQDEHUEDWDPRUDYQLPDWHOQRGDVHSRVWDSXYD]DWRD^WR PDMaLQDWD GX^LFD H PQRJX QHCQR UDVWHQLH VR WHQNL JUDQaLZD NRL OHVQR VH NU^DW WDND ^WR L SUL QDMPDO GRSLU COH]GHVWLWH GHORYLRWSD_DDWLOLSUVNDDWSUL^WRHWHULaQRWRPDVORL]OHJXYD RGQLYLVHJXEL0RUDGDVHRWVHaDWVRRVWDUQRCPDOVUSLOLQDM GREURVRRVWULQRCLFL6HRWVHNXYDDWVDPRJRUQLWHSRORYLQLQD JUDQaLZDWDVRFYHWRYLL OLVWRYL 6REUDQLRW PDWHULMDO QH VPHH GDVHQDELYDYRYUH`LWXNXYQLPDWHOQRGDVHUHGLYRNR^QLFD 5DVWHQLMDWDQHVPHDWGDVHRWNRUQXYDDWRG]HPMDWD5DVWHQLMDWD NRLUDVWDWYRHGQDREODVWQDNRMDVHYU^LVRELUDZHQHVPHDWGD VH VRELUDDW SRYH`H RG HGQD^ JRGL^QR 9R REODVWLWH QD VREL UDZH RG ELROR^ND JOHGQD WRaND QHRSKRGQR H GD VH RVWDYDW EDUHPRGUDVWHQLMDWDVRGREURUD]YLHQLFYHWRQRVQLVWHEOD LRGOLVWRYLWHQDVHNRHUDVWHQLH]DGDVHRVLJXUDVHPHQR WRUD]PQRCXYDZHQDYLGRWLREQRYDQDSRSXODFLMDWD

142

7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 3RVOH EHUEDWD VREUDQLWH UDVWHQLMD PRCH GD VH VX^DW QDGYRU PDOL NROLaLQL  QD ]D^WLWHQL PHVWD YR VHQND L]ORCHQL QD YR]GX^QRVWUXHZH3RJROHPL NROLaLQL VH VX^DW YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHUDWXUDGR°C. 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQDWDKHUEDVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVRPDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQL VR WNDHQLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRGGHOHQLRGRWUR YQLLQHDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2GRNROXkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

143

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Tilia cordata Mill.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

6LWQROLVQDOLSD

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 6LWQROLVQDWD OLSD SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Tiliaceae 3UHWVWD YXYD OLVWRSDGQR GHNRUDWLYQR ^XPVNRGUYRYLVRNRGRmVR HGQRVWDYQL DVLPHWULaQL L NUXSQL OLVWRYL VR GROJD OLVQD GU^ND &YHWRYLWHREUD]XYDDWVRFYHWLH L LPDDW FYHWQD GU^ND NRMD GR SRORYLQDHVUDVQDWDVREUDNWHD WD 9HQaHWR H VRVWDYHQR GR EHORCROWL OLYaLZD VR VUFHY LGQDIRUPDQDYUYRW]D^LOHQL LSLOHVWRQD]DEHQLSRUDERW &YHWDYRMXQL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQDMaHVWRQDVRQaHYLWHVWUDQLRGSODQLQVNLWH^XPLQDQDG PRUVND YLVLQD GR  m AHVWR VH VDGL L UDVWH SR SDUNRYLWH L GUYRUHGLWH/LSDWDCLYHHPQRJXGROJR =DRUJDQVNRSURL]YRGVWYRQHVHVRELUDRGQDVHOHQLWHPHVWD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - VRFYHWLHWRVREUDNWHDWDTiliae flos cum bracteis 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RFYHWLMDWD VH VRELUDDW YR PDM MXQL L MXOL %HUEDWD ]DSRaQXYD NRJDYUHPHQVNLWHXVORYLVHSRYROQL]DQHDXEDYRLVRQaHYRYUHPH LNRJDUDVWHQLHWRSRaQXYDGDFYHWDWHNRJDVHUDVFYHWDQLRG FYHWRYLWH 144

$ODW]DEHUED =DVRELUDZHWRQHRSKRGQRHGDVHLPDVNDOL6RFYHWLMDWDVHVREL UDDWVRUDNDLOLVRSRVHEQLQRCLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWHVHRWNLQXYDDWRGJUDQNLWHVRUDND*UDQNLWHQHVPHDW GDVHVHaDWLVWUJQXYDDWLOLXGLUDDWVRVWDSRYL 1HHGR]YROHQRVHaHZHQDJUDQNLWHLGUYMDWDNDNRYR^XPLWH WDNDLNUDMSDWL^WDWDYRQDVHOHQLWHPHVWDSDUNRYLWHJUDGL QLWH L VO  RG FYHWRYLWH WUHED GD RVWDQDW QD GUYRWR ]D UHJHQHUDFLMDQDVHPHWRL]DSaHOLWH]DVRELUDZHQHNWDU  7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLRW PDWHULMDO VH VX^L YR WHQRN VORM QD SRNULHQL L SURYHYQLPHVWDEH]GLUHNWQRL]ORCXYDZHQDVRQFH0RCHGDVH VX^LLYRVX^QLFLQDWHPSHUDWXUDGR°C, ]DGDVHGRELHGURJD VRVYHWORCROWR]HOHQDERMD6HSDNXYDLaXYDYRMXWHQLYUH`L 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR PDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLL SURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLQHDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL

145

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Tussilago farfara L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

3RGEHO

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 3RGEHORWSULSD_DQDIDPLOLMDWDQD JODYRFYHWQLWH UDVWHQLMD Asteraceae Compositae  3UHWVWDYXYD SRYH`H JRGL^QR WUHYHVWR UDVWHQLH VR GR EURUD]YLHQRSRG]HPQLKRUL]RQWDO QL UL]RPL 5DQR QDSUROHW L]ELYDDW YODNQHVWL OX^SHVWL EHORVLYL VWH EOHQFDVRCROWRVRFYHWLHQDYUYRWL VR SULMDWHQ PLULV 6WHEOHQFDWD VH YLVRNL  cm 6YHWOR CROWLWH FYHWRYL QD UDERW RG VRFYHWLHWR VH MD]LaHVWLGRGHNDRQLHYRVUHGLQDWD VHFHYaHVWLLLPDDWYHQHFRGYODNQD 3UYLWH OLVWRYL VH SRMDYXYDDW SR FYHWDZHWRQDVWHEORWRNRHUDVWHRG NRUHQRW /LVWRYLWH VH JROHPL NRONXGODQNDVRVUFHYLGHQREOLNLSRUDERWVHQD]DEHQL/LFHWR QD OLVWRW H VR WHPQR ]HOHQD ERMD D RSDaLQDWD H VUHEUHQREHOD SRNULHQDVRNUDWNLLJXVWLYODNQD 9RSHULRGRWQDNRPSOHWHQUD]YRMQDOLVWRYLWHQDUDVWHQLHWRWRD HGYDSDWLSRJROHPRRWNRONXYRID]DWDQDFYHWDZH /LVWRYLWHVHVODERJRUaOLYLLVOX]DYLSRYNXVEH]PLULV .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 3RGEHORWUDVWHYREOL]LQDQDL]YRULSRWRFLQDVLSLNDQDOLLQD YODCQLOLYDGLVRJOLQHVWDSRaYD5DVWHQLHWRQHWUHEDGDVHVREL UDYREOL]LQDQDSDWL^WDLREUDERWOLYLSRYU^LQL 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWRGSRGEHOFarfarae flos - OLVWRGSRGEHOFarfarae folium 146

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRWVHEHUHEH]VWHEORWRYRPDUWLDSULO /LVWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWRGDSULOGRRNWRPYUL $ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLLNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWHLOLVWRYLWHVHEHUDWEH]GU^NLVRSRPR^QDQRCLFL NRJDQHPDURVDSROLVWRYLWH3RUDGLWRD^WRLQVHNWLWHLJDELWH aHVWRJLQDSD_DDWOLVWRYLWHVHEHUDWVDPRRQLHOLVWRYLNRLSR VHEHQHPDDWWRaNLLOLELORNDNYLGUXJLR^WHWXYDZD 3RVRELUDZHWRUDVWLWHOQLRWPDWHULMDOVHVWDYDYRNR^QLFLWH]D GDVH]D^WLWLRGLQVHNWLLJDEL  RG FYHWRYLWH L  RG OLVWRYLWH WUHED GD RVWDQDW QHGR SUHQL D  RG FHODWD SRSXODFLMD WUHED GD RVWDQH FHORVQR QHGRSUHQD 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR &YHWRYLWH L OLVWRYLWH QD SRGEHORW VH VX^DW YR WHQRN VORM YR GREURSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLYRVHQND'REURLVX^HQLRWPDWHUL MDOVHSDNXYDYRKDUWLHQLYUH`LLOLYRNDUWRQVNLNXWLL /LVWRWPRCHGDVHSDNXYDLYRMXWHQLYUH`L 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYD YR VWDQGDUGQL EDOL VR PDVD RG  kg, RE YLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLV WLLSURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^ WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJD SRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDULRG GHOHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLOLVWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL 2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL 147

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Urtica dioica L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

.RSULYD

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR .RSULYDWD SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWD Urticaceae 7DD H GREUR SR]QDWR WUH YHVWR SRYH`HJRGL^QR UDVWHQLH NRMD CDULLRVWDYDFUYHQLORSRNRCDWDSUL GRSLU ,PDJXVWRLVSUHSOHWHQLSRG]HPQLVWH EODL]DWRDVHNRJD^VHMDYXYDQDLVWL PHVWD /LVWRYLWHVHWHPQR]HOHQLSRIRUPD WULDJOHVWRVUFHYLGQL QD]DEHQL SR UDERWLQDMaHVWRSRJROHPLRGcm &YHWRYLWHVHQHXJOHGQL]HOHQL]GUX CHQL QD NUDWND GU^ND YR UHVHVWL VRFYHWLMD6RFYHWLMDWDL]UDVQXYDDWRG SD]XYLWH QD OLVWRYLWH 5DVWHQLHWR H GYRGRPQR &YHWDRGPDMGRVHSWHPYUL .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH 6H QDR_D QD CLYHDOL^WD NRL VH QD_XEUHQL L ERJDWL VR D]RW 1DMaHVWR UDVWH YR JUDGLQL OR]MD SRNUDM CLYL RJUDGL SR UDERYLWHQD^XPLWHLVO=DRUJDQVNRSURL]YRGVWYRVPHDWGDVH VRELUDDWVDPRUDVWHQLMDWDNRLUDVWDWQDGLYLCLYHDOL^WD1HH GR]YROHQR GD VH EHUH RG NXOWLYLUDQLWH SRYU^LQL RJUDGLWH LOL YREOL]LQDQDQDVHOHQLWHPHVWD 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - NRUHQUrticae radix - OLVWUrticae folium - YUYRWQDUDVWHQLHWRcm YRGROCLQDUrticae herba

148

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH /LVWRYLWH L KHUEDWD VH VRELUDDW YR WHNRW QD SHULRGRW QD FYH WDZHRGMXQLGRVHSWHPYUL .RUHZDWD VH LVNRSXYDDW QDHVHQ LOL UDQR QDSUROHW DSULO LOL RNWRPYUL  $ODW]DEHUED 1RCLFLUDNDYLFLPDOD^RYVUS 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 5DVWHQLHWRPRCHGDVHQDMGHYRJUXSLLWRJD^VHVRELUDVRVUS6H RWVHNXYDDWOLVWRYLWHLOLQDG]HPQLRWGHOYUYRWQDUDVWHQLHWR cm YRGROCLQD.RUHQRWVHYDGLVRD^RYL]HPMDWDYHGQD^VH LVWUHVXYDLRWVWUDQXYDRGQHJR 1LNRJD^ QH VH VRELUDDW YODCQLWH QDG]HPQL GHORYL RG UDVWHQL HWRRVREHQRYREOL]LQDQDRYR^WDUQLFLLOR]MDNRLVHSUVNDDW 1H VH EHUDW VLWH UDVWHQLMD RG HGQR PHVWR 6SRUHG SUDYLODWD  RG SRSXODFLMDWD LOL QDMPDONX ôRG GREUR UD]YLHQLWH UDVWHQLMDWUHEDGDRVWDQDWQHGRSUHQL]DGDVHRVLJXUDSULURG QRWRYHJHWDWLYQRLVHPHQRUD]PQRCXYDZHQDYLGRW6OHGQRWR VRELUDZHQDLVWRWRPHVWRHGR]YROHQRSRVOHQDMPDONXJRGLQL YR ]DYLVQRVW RG VWHSHQRW QD REQRYD $NR VH VRELUD NRUHQRW WRJD^ QDMPDONX  RG UDVWHQLMDWD WUHED GD RVWDQDW QHGR SUHQL 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR 6REUDQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHVX^LQDSRNULHQLLSURYHYQL PHVWDEH]GLUHNWQRL]ORCXYDZHQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQD3RCHOQRH VREUDQLRWPDWHULMDOGDVHLVHaHQDcm GROJLSDUaLZD6XYLWH UDVWHQLMDVHSDNXYDDWYRMXWHQLYUH`L 2GNRUHZDWDWUHEDGDVHRWVWUDQLQHaLVWRWLMDWDLGDVHL]PLMDW VR YRGD 6H VX^DW L]ORCHQL QD GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD 'ROJLWHNRUHZDSRCHOQRHGDVHLVHaDWQDcm GROJLSDUaLZD DGHEHOLWHGDVHSUHVHaDWSRGROCLQD

149

3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR PDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLL SURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLVLOQRDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLNRUHZDVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL 2Gkg VYHCLOLVWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL 2Gkg VYHCDKHUEDVHGRELYDkg VXYDKHUED

150

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Vaccinium myrtillus L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

%RURYLQND

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR %RURYLQNDWD SULSD_D QD IDPLOL MDWD Ericaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD PDOD LVSUDYHQD JUPX^ND YLVRND RG  GRcm 1DL]PHQLaQR SRVWDYHQLWH OLV WRYL VH WHQNL GROJL  cm SR IRUPD RNUXJORHOLSWLaQL VR NUDWND GU^ND PD]QL RG GYHWH VWUDQLLVRSHUHVWDQHUYDWXUD 2G SD]XYLWH QD OLVWRYLWH UDVWDW EHOL LOL VODER UR]HYL \YRQaHVWL SRHGLQHaQLFYHWRYLNRLYLVDW 3ORGRWHVLQRFUQDVRaQDERELQND VR QHNRONX VLWQL VHPHQNL 1D YUYRWSORGRWLPDNUXQHVWSUVWHQ %RELFLWH LPDDW SULMDWHQ NLVHOR VODGRN L VODER RSRU YNXV ,VX ^HQDWDERELQNDH]EUaNDQDVRJROHPLQDQDSORGRGELEHU &YHWDYRPDM .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH %RURYLQNDWDUDVWHYRLJOROLVQLLOLVWRSDGQL^XPLSRSODQLQ VNLWH PH_L L SDVL^WD YR SODQLQVNLWH UHJLRQL 1D RYLH CLYHDOL^WD UDVWH YR L]RELOVWYR JUDGHM`L MD SUL]HPQDWD IORUD QLVNL JUPX^NL  QD PQRJX QD^L YODCQL L VWXGHQL SODQLQVNL ^XPLLaLVWLQNL 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - OLVWMyrtilli folium - SORGMyrtilli fructus

151

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152

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153

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Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. (V. album var. lobelianum Koch.)

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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154

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156

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Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. (V. thapsiforme Schrad)

/RNDOQLLPLZD

/RSHQ

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157

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWRGORSHQVerbasci flos - OLVWRGORSHQVerbasci folium) 9RQD^DWD]HPMDLPDQDGYLGRYLORSHQRGNRLGURJDPRCHGDVH VRELUDLRGYODNQHVWLRWORSHQVerbascum phlomoides L.  I/LVWRGORSHQVerbasci folium) 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRQDOLVWRWVHRGYLYDYRWHNRWQDOHWRWRMXQLDYJXVW RG YWRUDWD JRGLQD NRJD OLVWRYLWH VH QDMGREUR UD]YLHQL 1H VH SUHSRUDaXYD VRELUDZH QD OLVWRYL RG UR]HWDWD QD UDVWHQLMD YR SUYDWDJRGLQD $ODW]DEHUED 1RCNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRVHRGYLYDSRVXYRLVRQaHYRYUHPHNRJD`HVHNUHQH URVDWD6RQRCVHRWVHNXYDDWOLVWRYLWHLOLVHNLQDWVRUDND1H WUHEDGDVHEHUDWOLVWRYLNRL^WRVHVRGDPNLNRLVHSRFUQHWL LOL QHaLVWL 1DEUDQLWH OLVWRYL UDVWUHVLWR VH VWDYDDW YR NR^QLFLDQLNDNRYRQDMORQVNL`HVL 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR /LVWRYLWH VH VX^DW YR WHQRN VORM QD SURYHYQL PHVWD YR VHQND SRVWHOHQLYU]UDPNLLQHVHGRSLUDDWQLWXYUWDWVpGRGHNDQHVH LVX^DW1HHGR]YROHQRLVNRULVWXYDZHQDYH^WDaNLPDWHULMDOL QDMORQSROLHWLOHQLVOLaQLQDQLY JRSRSUHaXYDDWEU]RWRRG GHOXYDZHQDYODJDWD7RDGRYHGXYDGRYOR^XYDZHQDNYDOLWHWRW QD GURJDWD D NRJD H YODCQR YUHPHWR GXUL L GR UDVLSXYDZH /LVWRYLWHVHVXYLNRJDVRUDVWULYDZHPH_XSUVWLVHURQDWLQDMGH EHOLWH CLOL QD OLVQDWD SORaD SUL VYLWNXYDZH VH NU^DW /LVWRYLWH PRCH GD VH VX^DW L YR VX^QLFL QD WHPSHUDWXUD QH SRYLVRNDRG°C LGREUDYHQWLODFLMD6XYDWDGURJDVHaLVWLX^WH HGQD^ RG UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL 3RWRD OLVWRYLWH VH VRELUDDW YQL 158

PDWHOQRQDNXSYRVXYDSURVWRULMDLWDPXRVWDQXYDDWGHQD]D GDVHYRHGQDaLYODJDWDSRVOH^WRPRCHGDVHEDOLUDLSDNXYD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR PDVDRGkg, REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLL SURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLOLVWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL II&YHWRGORSHQVerbasci flos) 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRQDFYHWRWVHRGYLYDYRWHNRWQDOHWRWRMXQLDYJXVW ]DYUHPHQDFYHWDZHWR $ODW]DEHUED 1RCNR^QLFL 0HWRGQDVRELUDZH 6RELUDZHWRVHRGYLYDVDPRSRVXYRLVRQaHYRYUHPHSRPH_XL aDVRW QDXWUR &YHWRYLWH YR VRFYHWLHWR VH UD]YLYDDW SRVWHSHQR RG GROXQDJRUHL]DWRDEHUHZHWRVHSUDYLYRHWDSL]DYUHPHQDFYHWDZH WRQDUDVWHQLHWR6HNRMFYHWFYHWDVDPRHGHQGHQ1DXWURVHRWYDUD DQDYHaHURYHQXYD6RUDNDVHRWNLQXYDVDPRYHQaHWRLVUDVQDWLWHVR QHJR SUD^QLFL 1H WUHED GD VH EHUDW SUHFYHWDQL LOL RYHQDWL YHQaLZD]DWRD^WRSULVX^HZHSRFUQXYDDWVR^WRRSD_DNYDOLWHWRW QDGURJDWD1DEUDQLWHFYHWRYLUDVWUHVLWRVHVWDYDDWYRNR^QLFLQH WUHEDGDVHSULWLVNDDWLJPHaDW]R^WRWDNDSRWHPQXYDDW1HWUHED GDVHNRULVWDWGODERNLNR^QLFLLQLNDNRQDMORQVNL`HVL 7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR &YHWRYLWHVHaLVWDWRGSULPHVLLVHVWDYDDWGDVHVX^DWYRWHQRN VORM QD SURYHYQL PHVWD YR VHQND SRVWHOHQL YU] UDPNL VWDODCL 159

LOLQDKDUWLMDSRVWHOHQDQDSRG6RRWVWUDQXYDZHQDGHORGYOD JDWDFYHWRYLWHVHGRVX^XYDDWQDVRQFHLOLYRVX^QLFLQDWHPSH UDWXUD QH SRYLVRND RG °C &YHWRYLWH VH VLOQR KLJURVNRSQL L ]DWRDVHSUHSRUDaXYDVX^HZHQDVRQFH1HHGR]YROHQRLVNRULV WXYDZHQDYH^WDaNLPDWHULMDOLQDMORQSROLHWLOHQLVOLaQLQD QLY JRSRSUHaXYDDWEU]RWRRGGHOXYDZHQDYODJDWD7RDGRYHGXYD GRYOR^XYDZHQDNYDOLWHWRWQDGURJDWDDNRJDHYODCQRYUHPHWR GXULLGRUDVLSXYDZH&YHWRYLWHVHVXYLNRJDVRUDVWULYDZHPH_X SUVWLVHURQDW6XYDWDGURJDVHaLVWLX^WHHGQD^RGSULPHVLWHL FYHWRYLWHNRLVHSURPHQLOHSRVX^HZHWRUDVLSDQL 3RWRDFYH WRYLWH VH VRELUDDW YQLPDWHOQR QD SRGHEHO SODVW YR VXYD SURV WRULMDL WDPXRVWDQXYDDWGHQD]DGDVHYRHGQDaLYODJDWDSRVOH ^WRPRCHGDVHSDNXYD 3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH ,VX^HQLWH YHQHaQL OLYaLZD VH SDNXYDDW YR VDQGDFL LOL "ND^RQL" VR YRHGQDaHQD PDVD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYH WUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH OHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD 3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH 2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL

160

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Viola odorata L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

0LUL]OLYDVLQROLaNDWHPMDQX^ND

9LG RG &UYHQDWD OLVWD QD ]DJUR]HQL YLGRYL 2YD UDVWHQLH QH H SRJRGQR]DRUJDQVNRSURL]YRGVWYRRGGLYLWHSRSXODFLL0RCHGD VH VRELUD VDPR YR RGUHGHQL REODVWL L WRD YR RJUDQLaHQL NROLaLQL 2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR 0LUL]OLYDWD VLQROLaND SUHW VWDYXYD SRYH`HJRGL^QR WUH YHVWR UDVWHQLH NRH SULSD_D QD IDPLOLMDWDViolaceae,PDNUD WRNUL]RPLSRO]HaNLVWRORQL /LVWRYLWH NRL VH VREUDQL YR SUL]HPQD UR]HWD LPDDW OLVQL GU^NLGROJLGRcm &YHWRYLWH VRGUCDW  YLROH WRYL YHQHaQL OLYaLZD VR JR OHPLQD RG  GR  cm D VH SRVWDYHQLQDcm GROJDFYHWQD GU^ND 5DVWHQLHWRFYHWDRGPDUWGRPDM .DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH Viola odorata HGLYRVDPRQLNQDWR UDVWHQLHNRHUDVWHQDOLYDGLWH YRVYHWOLWHOLVWRSDGQL^XPLSRNUDMCLYLWHRJUDGLJUPX^NLWH LPH_LWH 'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW - FYHWRWEH]FYHWQDWDGU^NDViolae odoratae flos 9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH &YHWRYLWHVHVRELUDDWYRPDUWLDSULO

161

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162

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Viscum album L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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