Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Industrial “NECTAR DE MANGO CIRUELO O TAPERIBA”
Asignatura:
DISEÑO DE PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES
Docente: Ing. Miguel Solano Cornejo
Integrantes: Ticlia
Vásquez Mabel. Mabel. Pérez Mechan Cesar. Cieza cubas Jhony. Vella Guiop Juan
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Chiclayo Mayo del 2012
RESUMEN El pres presen ente te trab trabaj ajo o de inve invest stig igac ació ión, n, cont contie iene ne la info inform rmac ació ión n necesa necesaria ria para para desarr desarroll ollar ar un produc producto to NECTAR UTILIZANDO EL TAPERIBA , como materia prima. El fruto se puede obtener en la zona de Piura o en la zona nororiental del Perú, es conocido también como mango ciruelo, pues su textura se asemeja al mango y el sabor agridulce a la ciruela. En la selva se le conoce como Tapisho. El proceso para elaborar las muestras de este producto, considera las operaciones unitarias de pesado, lavado, pelado, trozado, refinado, estandarizado, pasteurizado, envasado y enfriado. Se ha teni tenido do much mucho o cuid cuidad ado o en la esta estand ndar ariz izac ació ión n del del néct néctar ar asegurando el buen cálculo del balance de masa y en la pasteu pasteuriz rizaci ación, ón, con con el el fin de de elimin eliminar ar las leva levadur duras as que que podrí podrían an caus causar ar ferm fermen enta taci ción ón,, así así como como hong hongos os y bact bacter eria ias s que que podr podría ían n originar malos sabores, sin afectar las características organolépticas del producto.
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I. INTR INTROD ODU UCCIÓ CCIÓN N La pro propues puesta ta del néct néctar ar de tape taperi rib ba, tien tiene e com como obje objeti tivo vo desarrollar un producto con características diferentes de sabor, a las ya conocidas frutas del mercado de néctares. Su sabor agridulce genera mucha aceptación en las zonas donde se cult cultiv iva a como como por ejem ejempl plo o en Piu Piura dond donde e es cons consum umid ido o en cremoladas. La aceptación de este producto nos anima a realizar las pruebas correspondientes para elaborar el producto siguiendo los procedimientos básicos de preparación de néctar.
I.1 Descripci Descripción ón del Producto Producto Corresponde a un néctar de fruta de Taperiba, de color amarillo, sabo saborr agri agridu dulc lce e en meno menorr inte intens nsid idad ad a la de la frut fruta, a, olor olor característico de la fruta. La presentación es en botellas de vidrio previamente lavadas y esterilizadas, con capacidad de 0.296 Lt.
I.2 Materia Materia Prima, Prima, Insumos Insumos I.2.1 I.2.1 Materi Materia a Prim Prima a Se ha utilizado el fruto Taperiba, como materia prima para el producto néctar. El Taperiba es un fruto drupáceo elipsoide de unos 6-8 cm de long longit itud ud y 4-6 4-6 cm de anch ancho, o, la supe superf rfic icie ie de colo colorr amarillo intenso a anaranjado con lenticelas blanquecinas y manchas pardas, la pulpa carnosa y suculenta, color crema a blanqu blanqueci ecino, no, entrem entremezc ezclad lada a con fibras fibras del endoca endocarpi rpio o que es delgado, fibroso a espinoso, dividido en 5 celdas, cada una de ellas con una semilla alargada, de 1.5-2 cm de longitud, de color amarillo claro.
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Fruta Taperiba
En la siguiente tabla se muestra el valor nutricional en 100 gr. de parte comestible:
Kcal gr gr gr gr mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg FUENTE: Tabla Peruana de Composición de Alimentos. Energía Proteína Grasa Carbohidratos Fibra Calcio Fósforo Hierro Retinol Tiamina Riboflavina Niacina Acido Ascórbico
56.00 0.60 0.30 14.20 0.60 39.00 27.00 0.70 0.05 0.19 0.67 5.90
I.2. I.2.2 2 In Insu sumo mos s Agua El agua empleada proviene de la red pública, en cantidades calculadas en el balance de masa
Azúcar Se util utiliz iza a azúc azúcar ar rubi rubia a refi refina nada da,, cuid cuidan ando do de que que no contenga cuerpos extraños y no presente grumos difíciles de disolver.
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Se util utiliz iza a para para evit evitar ar la sedi sedime ment ntac ació ión n en el néct néctar ar,, genera generado do por las partícu partículas las de la pulpa, pulpa, dándol dándole e mayor consistencia al néctar. Para la elaboración del néctar propuesto, se ha utilizado el Carboxi Metil Celulosa, conocido como C.M.C. debido a que no cambia las características propias del néctar, soporta temp temper erat atur uras as de past pasteu euri riza zaci ción ón y actú actúa a muy muy bien bien en medios ácidos.
Acido cítrico Se empl emplea ea para para regul regular ar la acid acidez ez del del néct néctar ar y de esta esta manera hacerlo menos susceptible al ataque de micr microo oorg rgan anis ismo mos, s, ya que que en medi medios os ácid ácidos os ésto éstos s no podrán desarrollarse. Para efectos de las pruebas realizadas no se utilizará acido cítrico.
Conservante Los Los cons conser erva vant ntes es son son sust sustan anci cias as que que se añad añaden en a los los alimentos alimentos para inhibir inhibir el desarrollo desarrollo de microorgan microorganismos ismos,, prin princi cipa palm lmen ente te hong hongos os y leva levadu dura ras. s. Evit Evitan ando do de esta esta manera su deterioro y prolongando su tiempo de vida útil. Los conservantes químicos más usados son: el sorbato de potasio y el benzoato de sodio. Su uso está regulado en dosis permisibles indicado por las normas técnicas, por considerarse un producto con riesgo perjudicial para la salud. Para efectos de las pruebas realizadas no se utilizará conservantes.
2.2.3Proceso Industrial Recepción y Pesado Se destino 10 TN. de fruta de taperiba.
Lavado y Desinfección. Se sumergió la fruta en un recipiente con agua de soda causti caustica, ca, se proced procedió ió a lavarla lavarla frotán frotándol dola a ligera ligeramen mente, te, asegurando de retirar las impurezas adheridas a la cascara. Luego se procedió a enjuagarlas.
Pelado y Trozado (despepitado)
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Lueg Luego o de proc proced edió ió a reti retirar rar la pulp pulpa a apli aplica cand ndo o cort cortes es alrededor de la semilla, en este proceso se obtuvo pulpa con restos de las espinas y fibras que forman parte de la semilla y están bastante integradas a la pulpa del fruto. Después de este proceso se obtuvo 253 Kg. de descarte de cascara mas semillas y 9697 Kg. de Pulpa.
Escaldado / Pre Cocción Se coloco un tanque con agua potable, y se procedió a hervir el agua, se vertió la pulpa en la olla y se dejo cocinar durante 5 min a una ºT de 90 ºC.
Pulpeado Lueg Luego o de reti retira rada da la olla olla de la coci cocina na,, se proc proced edió ió a machacar la pulpa utilizando una espátula, con la finalidad de descomponerla en partes más pequeñas.
Estandarización En este proceso ingresa 34909,2 34909,2 Kg. de jugo de taperiba diluido en agua. Se procede a medir el Brix, depositando unas gotas del jugo de la pulpa fibrosa en el refractómetro, resultando un Brix de 6. Para Para efec efecto to de dilu dilució ción n y brix brix obje objeti tivo vo se cons consid ider era a las las especificaciones de la siguiente tabla:
FRUTA maracuya cocona chirimoya naranjilla Duraz razno(Okina inawa) Duraz razno(B o(Blan lanquillo) illo) tamarindo taperiba mango tuna
DILUCIÓN Pulpa : Agua 1:4-5 1:4-5 1:3.5-4 1:4-5 1:2.5-3 1:2.5 :2.5-2 -2.5 .5 1:10-12 1:4-5 1:2-2.5 1 3 35
Ph
Brix
3.3 3. 3.5 3. 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 3. 3.8 3.5 3.8 38
13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12.5-13 -13 12.5-1 .5-13 3 15 14 12.5 13
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Fuente: Fuente: Soluciones Soluciones PrácticasPrácticas-ITDG ITDG.. Programa Programa de Sistemas Sistemas de producción y acceso a mercados. Curso Técnico N 5614. Néctares y mermeladas. 1997
Tomando los datos antes mencionados, calculamos el bala balanc nce e de masa masa para para obte obtene nerr la cant cantid idad ad de agua agua = 4334.2Kg, azúcar=556.812Kg. y CMC=186.903 Kg. que se agregaran al jugo de taperiba. Pulpa diluida en 11650kg
Homogenización Se mezclan los sólidos (azúcar- CMC) con los líquidos (jugo y agua), con movimientos constantes para evitar que se formen grumos.
Pasteurización Luego Luego de la mezcla mezcla realiz realizada ada,, se coloca coloca nuevam nuevament ente e al fuego, se espera hasta que comience el hervor y se deja hervir el néctar por un tiempo adicional de 5 min.
Envasado: Lueg Luego o de la past pasteu euri riza zaci ción ón inme inmedi diat atam amen ente te se pasa pasa al enva envasa sado do,, llen llenan ando do las las bote botell llas as de vidr vidrio io con con el néct néctar ar utilizando un embudo. El llenado es total sin dejar espacios de aire en el cuello de la botella, luego se aplica la tapa.
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO
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BALANCE DE MASA
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DESCRIPCION DE MAQUINARIA
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1. Recepción y pesado. La materia prima fruto Mango ciruelo o tape riba es de procedencia de la selva y es traído en camiones y dirigido a la planta de procesamiento de néctar. Balanza Electrónica: Se utiliza 2 balanzas que pesa 250 kg. aproximadamente. Las dimensiones del espacio físico que utiliza esta especificado en la tabla:
1.
Lava Lavad do de de la la ma materi teria a prim prima: a:
Cant )
Largo (mts)
Ancho (m)
Alto (m)
2
3
2.5
0.1
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4. Escaldado y precoccion: Autoclave I : Sistema de control de temperatura a presión.Banda Transportadora: Transporta la fruta y permite su clasificación manual. Cant )
Largo (mts)
Ancho(m)
Alto (m)
3
1 .5
1.5
3
5. Pulpeado: pulpeadora tornillo: tornillo: La maquina ayuda ayuda a sacar la pulpa lo mayor mayor posible aqui aqui se separa las pepas de la pulpa. aqui se saca 1667 kg de pulpa y se desecha 253
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7. Estandarizacion: en esta etapa se agregan todos el insumo primordial que es el azucar, CMC(espesante), Acido citrico, Coservante(Benzoato de sodio). Cant )
Largo (mts)
Ancho(m)
Alto (m)
1
2
1.2
1.8
Se visualizan su dimensiones espaciales en la tabla.
8. Homogenizacion :
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Cant )
Largo (mts)
Ancho(m)
Alto (m)
1
1.5
1.5
2
10. Envasadora : Equipo embasadora tipo circular , es posible envasar el néctar en envases envases PET por medio de un sistema sistema de procesamiento aséptico debido a mejoras en las barreras UV y oxigeno de los envases PET.
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2.
Cant )
Largo (mts)
Ancho(m)
Alto (m)
1
15
10
3
Alma Almacé cén n del del pro produ duct cto o term termin inad ado. o. Montacargas; utilizado para el almacenamiento, sus dimensiones son muy importantes porque de el depende las dimensiones de los espacios por donde circulara.
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ANALISIS DE GUERCHERT k= Cant )
L (mts)
a (mts)
1 Pesado 2 Banda Transportadora: 3 Tanque de Lavado 4 Peladora
2 1 1 1
3 2 2.5 2
2.5 0.5 1 1
0.1 1 1 1.5
5 Autoclave
3
1.5
1.5
3
N°
Equipo
H (m)
Se
N` de lados
Sev = (Se + Sg) * k
Sg 15 1 2.5 2 6.7 5
1.6 St = Se + Sg + Sev
4 4 4 3
60 4 10 6
Sev 15 1 2.5 2
30 1 2.5 2
St 105 6 15 10
0
0
6.75
20.25
27
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3
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