Disarmament Position Papers Chair: Anant Gandhi
Austria Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Austria feels that the establishment of a nuclear free zone in the middle east is a priority that must be dealt with, and soon, to prevent any future catastrophe. While we feel that this zone is a good idea and should be implemented, we do realize that it will not be an easy task, considering the number of nations in the Middle East area that refuse to sign any global treaties banning weapons of mass destruction. The International community should not just sit around on their hands though. Several elements, such as a clear definition of the geographic zone of application, universal membership by countries in the region, an international system of verification and control to oversee compliance, a regional system for mutual verification and cooperation, and security assurances from the UN security council to assist any country in the region whose security is threatened, would all have to be taken care of to ensure the zone’s success. If countries still insist on keeping their nuclear programs to provide energy for their countries, give them safer alternatives. Provide the countries with lower enriched uranium for the reactors, non weapons grade material, or light water reactors instead of heavy water reactors. As Austria has been a nuclear free country since 1977, we cannot say we understand other countries views on why they need their nuclear program. However, we can understand that if offered an alternative solution to provide power, it would help bolster that countries international reputation.
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Country: Republic of Belarus Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Creation of a Nuclear-Free Zone in the Middle East Belarus, being a former Soviet Republic has a history of having nuclear warheads as well as developing them in large numbers. Although additional strategic weapons are still deployed in Belarus, these weapons are under Russian control. In the face of serious economic and political challenges, most of Moscow's actions regarding its strategic programs -- and the actions Belarus-- demonstrate a commitment to denuclearization and nonproliferation. Russia and Belarus have stated publicly that they consider proliferation to be a potential threat to their own security. Although compliance with the various nonproliferation norms varies, turbulent political, social, and economic conditions continue to complicate their nonproliferation efforts. Belarus is also committed to denuclearization. In February 1993, its parliament ratified the START Treaty and the Lisbon Protocol which is a treaty between USA and the former republics of USSR that ensures reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms, and acceded to the Non-proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapons state, thereby codifying Belarus' intent to become nuclear-free. Belarus has no known chemical warfare programs and no intention of establishing them, but they have experienced the horrifying effects of nuclear waste, such as the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and understand the irreversible effects of careless use of nuclear weapons. Belarus encourages the creation of the Nuclear Free zone in the Middle East.
Argentina Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East Argentina is a very peaceful country that has no nuclear weapons. The Treaty of Tlateloclo, which was established in 1967, created a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in Latin America. The Treaty of Tlateloclo has allowed for peaceful relationships for countries in Latin America. Argentina believes that a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the region of the Middle East would be very profitable to all the countries included.
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Sponsor: Republic of Benin Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Committee: Disarmament The Republic of Benin feels that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) signed on 1 July 1968 represents the world's single most important nuclear arms control agreement, with the largest membership, and it remains the most successful example of arms control. The NPT remains the only global legally binding instrument committing the nuclear-weapon states (NWS) to disarm, and it’s uncertain extension in 1995 strengthened the global nuclear non-proliferation standard. The concept of nuclear-weapon-free zones (NWFZ) in populated parts of the globe and was devised primarily to prevent the emergence of new nuclear-weapon states. To the extent that the incentive to acquire nuclear weapons may emerge from regional security considerations, the establishment of such zones strengthens the cause of nuclear non-proliferation. The Republic of Benin has signed the Pelindaba Treaty which is a NWFZ of the African continent, and all of the African states have signed this treaty except for Madagascar. The Pelindaba calls on the nuclear weapon states not to use or threaten to use a nuclear device against any signer of the Treaty or any territory within the zone for which a state party and that nuclear weapon states not to test or assist or encourage the testing of any explosive device within the zone
TOPIC: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East COMMITTEE: First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) COUNTRY: Federative Republic of Brazil Briefly summarizing Brazil’s position on nuclear weapon free zones, the permanent mission statement of Brazil to the United Nations states, “Brazil sees the pursuit of nuclear disarmament as a fundamental priority. We fully recognize the risks of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, yet we cannot disregard the importance of reducing and dismantling existing arsenals of all such weapons. Together with nonproliferation efforts, we must continue to work tirelessly towards nuclear disarmament. ...As a founding member of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, Brazil welcomes the celebration of the Conference of the States parties to the nuclear weapon free zones. It is a development that certainly strengthens the international community’s determination to continue working towards freeing the entire Southern Hemisphere of nuclear weapons. ...” For a number of decades, the Middle Eastern region has been a hotbed for suspicions and confirmations concerning the possession of nuclear weapons. Although the nuclear weapons programs in Iraq are no longer active, and although Libya has turned away from nuclear weapons, the threat of nuclear weapon proliferation is still as prevalent today as it was then.
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In September of 1962, Brazil called for a Latin American nuclear weapon free zone to alleviate the threat of nuclear weapons in the region. Approximately one month later, the former Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The act almost resulted in a nuclear war between the United States and the former Soviet Union. The Treaty of Tlatelolco was created in 1967 to eliminate the threat of nuclear weapons in Latin America by permanently making the region a nuclear weapons free zone. Brazil feels this solution should serve as a model for the Middle Eastern Region. Brazil feels the first step to making the Middle Eastern region a nuclear weapons free zone is an overall regional consensus. Brazil believes negotiations need to be made between Nuclear Weapon States and the representatives from the region in question to decide what is best for them. Brazil also feels it will be the obligation of the international community to support what ever decision is made and do nothing to force or hurry it.
People’s Republic of China Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in the Middle East China has always closely followed the situation in the Middle East, attached importance to advancing the Middle East peace process, and actively supported the efforts for the establishment of a nuclear-weapon free zone in the Middle East. Through bilateral and multilateral channels and in many different ways, China has always advocated peace talks, urging Israel and Palestine to resolve their territorial disputes through political negotiations. By so doing, China has played a unique role in facilitating the Middle East peace process. China has on many occasions put forward its views and propositions in light of the features of the Middle East peace process in different historical periods. We have called for the abandonment of terrorism and violence of all forms, closer regional economic cooperation and the realization of common development and prosperity. China has long since been unconditionally committed to no use or threat of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon countries or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and has always supported the efforts of countries in related regions to establish nuclearweapon-free zones on a voluntary basis through consultation. In its statement upon accession to NPT in 1992, China made a solemn appeal, “All nuclear-weapon states undertake to support the proposition of establishing nuclear-weapon-free zones, respect the status of such zones and undertake corresponding obligations.” China also backs 1995 NPT Review Conference’s Decision on the Middle East Question. China has actively promoted the establishment of the Middle East NuclearWeapon-Free Zone at the bilateral level. In high-level meetings with leaders of Middle East countries, the Chinese leaders have expressed China’s appreciation of their efforts in establishing the nuclear-weapon-free zone, and have upheld the unambiguous position of supporting its establishment. In December 2003, Libya decided to abandon its WMD programs including that of nuclear weapons. China has spoken positively of it, believing that it will contribute to
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upholding the international non-proliferation regime as well as promoting peace and stability in the region. China has joined the international community in supporting a proper settlement of the Iran nuclear issue through dialogue within the framework of IAEA. To this end, China supports the ongoing negotiation between Iran and three EU members to work out a long-term settlement plan for the Iran nuclear issue. China believes that Israel’s accession to NPT and agreement to IAEA safeguards for all its nuclear facilities bears great significance to achieving the goal of the Middle East’s universal accession to NPT and reinforcing the international non-proliferation regime. China is willing to work with the international community to make continued efforts for and contribution to the restoration of peace in the Middle East and the establishment of the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone at the earliest possible date. China is confidant that the Disarmament committee will be able to find a lasting solution to the question of a NWFZ in the Middle East. Czech Republic Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East The Czech Republic believes in the purpose of nuclear weapons free zones. In areas of unrest and conflict it could be used as a safeguard to prevent the threat and possible use of a nuclear attack in areas of concern. One area of much concern to the Czech Republic is that of the Middle East. The threat that governments involved in common conflict come into possession of nuclear weapons and eventually would detonate one is one of national interest and security of our interest in the region. We would like to see a nuclear weapons free zone implemented in the middle east to establish a safeguard against such a threat. We would also like to see governments in and around established and proposed nuclear weapons free zones to give the International Atomic Energy Agency full scope and clearance of all nuclear activities.
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Topic: Nuclear free zone in the Middle East Country: Kingdom of Denmark Committee: Disarmament Denmark is not in the Middle East, so we do not have direct involvement. A volatile region like the Middle East does not need nuclear weapons complicating matters. We need to take measures to make the area nuclear free. Iran is vogue right now for going against this, but we need to keep objective and look at countries like Israel as well. A plan will not work unless it is comprehensive. Talks for nuclear free movement need to be held jointly with ongoing peace talks. Denmark will again stress the point this has to be all-inclusive, a nuclear free zone is impossible without such measures.
Committee: Topic: East Submitted By:
Disarmament The Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in The Middle Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea recognizes the nuclear issues facing the world today. The situation in today’s worlds with few countries holding the majority of political and military power in the world is unjust. Ongoing world tensions, including some in our region has caused the need of nuclear weapons to be elevated. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea deems it necessary for a country to take any means to protect itself, even if that requires having a nuclear arsenal. In 1994, the DPRK signed to the Agreed Framework agreement with the United States to end its nuclear weapons program and remain a member of the Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty. However, the United States never fulfilled its side of the agreement. To date, the economic and political sanctions of the United States on DPRK haven’t been lifted, though it was promised to be done in the agreement. Though the majority opinion is against our allotment of nuclear weapons, one must consider the restraints against our country by foreign powers. The Korean peninsula has been divided since 1950. The Korean War never ended in a treaty, but yet in a ceasefire in July 1953; the war hasn’t technically ended. Though the situation may seem absurd to outsiders, tensions between our two countries have run high since 1953. No mistake should be made, the deployment of the United States Second Infantry Division on the Korean peninsula and the American military presence at the Korean Demilitarized Zone is the act of an occupying army. Our citizens awaken every morning with the realization that foreign fighters are in their own backyards. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has repeatedly asked for bilateral talks concerning a non-aggression pact. However, the United States has refused our appeals to discuss the matter. The United State’s ambiguous actions has beg to offer the country’s true motives. Are they trying to give peace to our part of the world or are they trying to overthrow our sovereign state?
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The issue at hand for this council is the subject of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East. As stated above, the DPRK believes every country that has the means to protect itself, must take initiatives to do so. However, our country does understand the threat nuclear weapons have to humanity. So, the DPRK does support a NWFZ in the Middle East on the following conditions: y y y
Israel must dismantle their WMDs. All international sanctions must be lifted from the Arabic countries. All world powers must sign a non-aggression pact with the abiding countries.
The situation in the world is fragile today. The world powers have too much supremacy in global order. Peace can be obtained, but the first-world countries must appreciate the role they play in these agreements. Concessions must be made; sanctions must be lifted; give countries a chance to succeed, and the programs will be dismantled. But, one must note that the United States and Russia hold over 95% of world’s nuclear stockpile. The threat of nuclear weapons doesn’t lie in Asia Pacific or the Middle East; it lies in backyards of the world’s superpowers.
Arab Republic of Egypt Committee: Disarmament Topic: Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East As a long time member of the International Atomic Energy Agency and a country in compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Egypt is more than willing to accept the implementation of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in the Middle East. Egypt’s ties with other Islamic nations, specifically those of the Middle East, have made Egypt a mediator on several occasions in which containment of nuclear weapons have been discussed. As the first country to sign a peace agreement with Israel, the Camp David Accords of 1978, Egypt is more than willing to help with negotiations. Egypt would wholeheartedly support restrictions on nuclear weapons and the possible removal of such weapons from the Middle East. However, as a result of strained relations between several Islamic Middle Eastern countries and the Western world, Egypt would encourage a cautious advance to eliminating nuclear weapons entirely. There are several countries in the Middle East that are not in compliance with the NPT and those countries should be encouraged to act in accordance with said treaty in order for a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone to be successful. Through a careful and diligent approach, Egypt is quite confident that creating a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in the region of the Middle East would be very successful.
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Germany Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East As a socially responsible nation Germany must take steps to help the people of this region. Germany is capable of producing Nuclear Weapons, however, we have abstained from doing so. Germany urges the nations in the Middle East to do the same to avoid more bloodshed on a massive level. Therefore, Germany will support of the creation of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East. Germany believes that the nations in this region would benefit greatly from the creation of such an area. The creation of such a zone might ensure security and possibly some level of stability to the region. Germany would like to aid in the creation of such a zone.
Hellenic Republic of Greece Committee of Disarmament Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East The Hellenic Republic of Greece as well as the European Union is aware of the importance of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones, that are established on the basis of arrangements freely negotiated among the States that the region pertains to. We welcome and support any Nuclear-Weapon States that have signed and ratified the protocols of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones. And applauds the efforts of any State that is currently negotiating or considering a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. Since, the Republic of Greece does not have nuclear capabilities (military or commercial,) we fully support any Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone that is ratified by the considered nations and finally by the Untied Nations. Multiple Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones have been established, to resolve conflicts containing the ocean floor, the continent of Antarctica and the Latin American States but, Greece would like to bring attention to the number of nuclear holding nations in the considered region of the Middle East. As the Hellenic Republic of Greece expresses hope in a treaty of no nuclear weapons in the Middle East, we also must express it with reserve. This region has been in turmoil for countless decades and many treaties of nuclear classification have failed due to differing opinions. Nevertheless, progress has been made in this subject of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones but, nothing has been completely accomplished in obtaining this goal. The 1991 Madrid Peace Conference had established a framework for all negotiations pertaining to the Middle East but it was recently abandoned due to Israeli’s position. Due to developments in the Middle East, Israel has recently pulled out of Palestine and voted upon a new head of their government.
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Changes have taken place that, we believe, could change the outcome for the better for a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in the Middle East. The Hellenic Republic of Greece stands by the European Union on all deciding matters and wishes to take part in the development of a safer world for all to live in.
Iran Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Iran has an especially pointed opinion on the establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East. Despite allegations from more economically blessed nations such as the U.S., United Kingdom, China, Russia, and France, Iran does not have, and does not intend to produce nuclear weapons; therefore, Iran is for the establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East. Since turbulent and unstable nations such as Israel have nuclear weapons, it is important to Iran that weapons like these are secured immediately to prevent them from falling into the wrong hands, or for their use in an attack on Iran, other Islamic nations, or perhaps innocent Palestinians who reside in the land that Israel has so cruelly usurped.
Iraq Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Free Weapons Zone in the Middle East Region The Middle East region is one of the hotspots of the world. Every nation in the area is prone to volatile political situations internally. Externally, many are openly hostile to bordering countries. With these nation-states in such proximity, it is Iraq’s desire to see a Nuclear Free Weapons Zone created for all of the Middle East and those nations therein. The International Atomic Energy Agency would have oversight of such an agreement with provisions to notify the Security Council if any nation is in violation of the agreement. The Security Council would then have the power to impose counteractive measures, such as international sanctions, upon the country in order to attempt to bring that nation’s nuclear ambitions to a halt. It must be noted that Iraq believes that nuclear energy for that purpose is a legitimate claim for any nation.
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Israel Disarmament Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Israel doesn’t want to be involved within the NPT. The reason is Israel feels threatened by the other middle eastern states. Its main threat is Egypt, and Pakistan who have signed the NPT in the past. Egypt being the exception now because they feel threatened by Israel, so they feel no need to renew the treaty. A Nuclear Free zone would not be signed by Israel. Israel denies the fact of having Nuclear Weapons so there is another reason not to sign the NPT. The United States is trying to intervene by making it not so much of a security threat and cause less tension between the nations in the middle east. Israel is also concerned about their own security so they are currently trying to cause a controlling state over the Middle Eastern states. So they have a really strong interest within them selves. The U.N Security Council tried to pass this resolution in 1991, the resolution failed. We don’t believe this resolution will be passed.
Italy Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Many parts of the world possess nuclear arms suck as warheads. Because pf this there is always a constant threat to the safety of a nation. It the Middle East this problem is one of the larger ones because of all of the warring nations. Since the Middle East has these nuclear weapons it is also possible that they could be a threat to the rest of the world. Recently a problem that pertains to a country in the Middle East has arisen. This country happens to be Iran. Iran has stated that they would start up their nuclear weapon program again. Although Italy has two bases that have nuclear weapons, we still are for the idea of nuclear weapon free zone. In 1998, we voted in favor of a proposition that dealt with a NWFZ. It was to call upon a treaty. The treaty stated would call on it to tolerate to the treaty without further delay and not to develop, test, produce, or acquire nuclear weapons, and to renounce possession of nuclear weapons, and to place all its unsafeguarded nuclear facilities under full-scope International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards as an important confidence-building measure among all States of the region and as a step towards appealing peace and security.
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Since Italy is in favor of this treaty, we fill that it is necessary to continue to take steps to the disarmament of the weapons in the Middle East. If we could detain this problem, all areas of the world will be able to live with a better filling of protection. We would like to see the problem dissolved by creating more ideas to rid of this problem. Also we would like to see ideas on how to further enforce the progress we have made on this problem. Japan Committee: Disarmament Topic: Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in the Middle East Japan is aware, as is the rest of the world, of the tense and violent struggles in the Middle East that have occurred for thousands of years. However, with the threat of nuclear weapons lurking, these struggles have become urgent problems for the entire world. Some have suggested the creation of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in areas of the Middle East to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons. However, Japan feels that this zone may not have the desired effect. Being closely situated to North and South Korea, Japan has witnessed first-hand how this zone has had the opposite effect and actually encouraged the arms race. Many such zones have deteriorated to this – a small strip of no man’s land surrounded on each side with weapons pointed towards the other. Disregarding effectiveness, a NFWZ in the Middle East might not even be feasible – there aren’t enough clear borders between warring factions such as Israelis and Palestinians, and attempting to demilitarize entire sections might prove futile because of the numerous points of entry through which weapons could be smuggled. However, Japan remains the only country to actually experience nuclear attacks, and does not take the threat of nuclear warfare lightly. Japan suggests that if an NFWZ were to be created, it should be created and funded by the people and governments of the region, because the citizens will more likely support an effort by their own country than one forced on them by the international community. Enforcement should also be delegated to the law enforcement already in the region, unless the state is unable to provide it, in which case the state can call on the UN to provide peacekeeping troops to guard points of entry against weapons smuggling. Libya Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Since Libya’s announcement of its intentions to fully disarm its WMD arsenal on December 19, 2003, Libya has been fully cooperative in the attempt to establish a nuclear weapon free zone in the region of the Middle East. Because of Libya’s denouncement of WMD, economically-crippling sanctions have been lifted and Libya is able to increase trade with the West. Libya has also been able to rejoin the community of nations as a member in good standing after decades of being condemned as a rogue state, and Libya is very appreciative of nations that have supported Libyan disarmament. Therefore, Libya would be happy to welcome a resolution that tackles the establishment of a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle Eastern region.
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The Delegation of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia’s position on establishing Nuclear Free Weapon Zones (NWFZs) in the Middle-East For Macedonia, peace is a very common goal. It is in our best wishes that one does not arouse violence in middle-eastern territories, brought on by means of the attempted establishment of nuclear free weapon zones. It is our opinion that the tension brought on by an foreign nation attempting to create these zones should be avoided. With these consequences, Macedonia sees no point in the attempts to clarify these regions as ‘nuclear free’. Nepal Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East The Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in Nepal is a sure fire way to keep Nepal a progressing and upstanding country. Nepal believes that the establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone would ensure safety in the Middle East. Nepal is also grateful for all the support from Iran, Syria and Egypt in the pushing for a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone.
Kingdom of the Netherlands’ position on a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East The Kingdom of the Netherlands understands that there is a need for a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East. We also understand that there have been some other areas of the world that have this kind of treaty in place. The treaties of Tlateloclo, Bangkok, and Rarotonga, the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Korea, and the Pelindaba Treaty are all currently in effect. These treaties cover the areas of Latin America, the South Pacific, Korea, Southeast Asia, and Africa. We believe that there is no reason why there should not be a treaty for the Middle East region, or any of the other regions not under jurisdiction of the preceding treaties. The Kingdom of the Netherlands is in full support of the establishment of a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East. We believe that some of the countries that are unsure about the establishment of such a treaty should reconsider and look at all of the positive aspects that this treaty could bring.
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Committee: Disarmament and International Security Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Sponsored by: Kingdom of Norway The Kingdom of Norway fully supports the establishment of a nuclear weapons free zone (NWFZ) the Middle East. Norway feels that this will greatly reduce tensions between nations of the region. Norway feels that if nations of the Middle East were to start a nuclear program, or expand an existing one, it would result in much devastation not only to the region, but also around the globe. Norway requests that any nations in the region that have a nuclear program currently and agree to a NWFZ in the Middle East put their programs under International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards. Also, Norway encourages any nations considering starting a nuclear program (such as Iran) to work with UN Disarmament and Security Council committees and negotiate agreements to use their programs for peaceful purposes. Norway believes that if such cautions are not taken the problem could end with devastating results. One scenario is that nations neighboring the Middle East could feel threatened if nations in the region were to create or expand nuclear programs and the outcome may end in nuclear fallout. Another possible scenario if this problem is not handled is that once more and more countries in the region build nuclear weapons others will also build more weapons and the result will be an arms race. A final possible scenario may be that terrorists acquire nuclear weapons and would have the ability to cause death and destruction to any target they like. None of these possible outcomes must never take place, and with that in mind Norway strongly urges every nation to help and establish a NWFZ in the Middle East. If nothing is done on this subject not only will the Middle East suffer, but the global community will feel the consequences as well.
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The Philippines Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the region of the Middle East We as the Philippines do not believe in the usage of any kind of nuclear weapons, we ourselves do not have any nuclear weapons and we are members of the Southeast Asian Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone so we would like the establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the region of the Middle East.
First Committee Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Romania Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zones (hereinafter referred to as “NWFZ”) prohibits the development, manufacture, stockpiling or acquisition, or possession of any nuclear explosive device within the zone of application by any contracting party. Peaceful applications and uses of nuclear energy, under appropriate IAEA safeguards are allowed. 1
Thanks to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) we now have international regulations and safeguards regarding nuclear weapons and devices. Romania has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 2004. We are acceding the European Union (EU) and plan to join in early 2007. We signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1970 but Nicolae Ceausescu, our former communist leader, had something else in mind. Nicolae’s regime pursued, a secret nuclear weapons development operation. Once overthrown, his operation was terminated. On March 30 1998 we signed a treaty with the United States to support military relationships between us and to work simultaneously to control trafficking in fatal biological, chemical and nuclear weapons.
The Russian Federation Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Because the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East would act as a significant contribution to the development and consolidation of a nuclear non-proliferation regime in that area, the Russian Federation welcomes a resolution restricting nuclear activities in the Middle East. We believe that by creating a nuclear-free zone, participating states are promoting the strengthening of regional and international security in a very realistic manner. Additionally establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free
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zone in the Middle East would enhance the mutual trust and understanding shared between cooperating nations, which is something that would provide countless benefits for such a religiously and politically tense area. Moreover the Russian Federation insists that the establishment of a nuclearweapon-free zone in the Middle East would have favorable prospects in the present time. Due in part to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya’s voluntary renunciation of its WMD programs, the lack of convincing evidence of nuclear intentions on the part of Iraq, and progress in clarifying concerns about the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear plans, enough justification exists that would suggest that implementing such a sone in the proposed area would have very positive results. Therefore the Russian Federation suggests to the Disarmament committee that the best way in which to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East would be to pass a resolution structurally similar (but in no way limited to) :The Treaty of Tlatelolco, The Treaty of Rarotonga, The Bangkok Treaty, and the Pelindaba Treaty. All of these documents have been successful in implementing a nuclear-weapon-free zone in a specifically proposed area . Furthermore, Russia insists that by utilizing all the strong points of each respective treaty while at the same time strengthening each treaty’s weaknesses, our committee will be able to establish the proposed nuclear-weapon-free zone without major conflictions between the United Nations’ Members.
Rwanda Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Rwanda understands the troublesome environment that currently exists in the Middle East Region. We, Rwanda, have ourselves been victims of years of infighting and civil war. While the establishment of a nuclear free zone in the Middle East has obviously no direct effect on Rwanda, we encourage the Middle East and the United Nations to reach a fair agreement on this matter. We believe the establishment of a nuclear free zone in the Middle East would be a good start for reaching stability in the region.
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Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Country: Singapore The ongoing situation in the Middle East has not been even close to being solved. Many propositions have been made and resolutions have been passed none of them have helped very much to solve the Middle East’s problems. The establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East is something that can not be tossed aside. Asia partially blames for itself for the current situation in the Middle East. From around the world everybody has helped the Middle East. We have not made much of an effort to help unite the Middle East into Asia, as we should be doing. Often the Middle East has been put into it’s own region separate from Asia. We have made new councils connecting different regions. Southeast Asia has created through ASEAN: the Asia-Europe Meeting, Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, and the Asia Cooperation Dialogue. In addition, both North and Central Asia have done this as well. Who is not there? The Middle East is absent. Singapore sees the Middle East as part of Asia geographically but also politically and socially. Everybody is helping the Middle East but nobody has attempted to tie into the Middle East. We believe that we need to take action to do so. International and national security has been a very prominent concern for many nations including us. Singapore believes that by establishing a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East will help decrease tension not only in the region but internationally as well. However, some nations feel it is necessary for the Middle East nations to have nuclear weapons for “peaceful purposes”. Then what is the point for the establishment of a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East? If those nations feel they are insecure because they are lacking nuclear weapons while others have them, then we will come to their aid. Because surely they will not agree to a free zone unless we give them protection. The Middle East nations will agree to stop development, produce, station, or acquire nuclear weapons in any of their boundaries, which includes territories. By establishing a free zone in the Middle East, it will ease the insecurity of the world. In addition, it will help peace talks between nations in the Middle East. To help unite the Middle East with the world, we must help them, not take control: politically, socially, and economically, but for those who seek help from the rest of the world. If we can help the nations become equal to each other then the problems in the Middle East will eventually begin to decline.
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The Republic of South Africa Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East Nuclear weapons are capable of bringing about incredible amounts of destruction. Keeping this in mind, the Republic of South Africa believes in the establishment of a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East. The Middle East is currently largely in a state of disarray. There are many tensions and conflicts going on, some of which are fueled by religious, cultural, and political differences. These tensions make security in the area difficult. Because this region is so unstable, allowing nuclear weapons in the area could have disastrous effects on the lives of many people around the world. If any nations in the area have nuclear weapons, the standard conflicts that are regularly erupting could quickly escalate to nuclear conflicts which would result in incredibly high casualties. In order to preserve life and help to keep some degree of peace in the area, the establishment of the nuclear weapon free zone appears to be an excellent way to do so. Several nations in the area have already pushed for the NWFZ, and the security of many other nations, even those located outside of the zone, would benefit from it as well.
Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in the Middle East Country: Tanzania The United Republic of Tanzania supports the establishment of internationally recognized nuclear-weapons-free zones (NWFZ) as instruments of peace, security, and confidence-building among states. We have ratified the Treaty of Pelindaba, declaring an African NWFZ and advocate other states to take steps likewise in both Africa and volatile regions like the Middle East. Tanzania strongly emphasizes the importance of multilateral cooperation and dialogue in entering NWFZ into force. As one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), we support its prioritization of nuclear non-proliferation. The failure of the adoption of resolution 60/1 of the Highlevel Plenary Meeting to reach an agreement on disarmament disappointed Tanzania along with the NAM. Through Tanzania’s membership and cooperation in the NAM, South African Development Committee, the Africa Group, Tanzania hopes to further the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons throughout the world, especially in the Middle East. Tanzania attended the Conference of State Parties and signatories of Treaties that establish NWFZs in April 2005 and support its final declaration advocating NWFZs elsewhere. Tanzania ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) on June 7, 1991, and calls upon all states in the Middle East to do likewise. Although the 2005 NPT Review Conference did not produce a final document, Tanzania maintains our full support of the NPT and its universal implementation. Tanzania believes that political will is the greatest component in achieving nuclear disarmament in the Middle East and elsewhere. Through realization of the Middle East resolution and the 13 practical steps of the 1995 and 2000 Review Conferences of the NPT, regional security will be heightened in the Middle East, resulting in greater security in Tanzania. We stress the
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importance of cooperation with IAEA, its safeguard agreements, and additional protocol in the use of nuclear technology and encourage all states in the Middle East to ratify it. As a Least Developed Country (LDC), Tanzania greatly benefits from the peaceful uses of nuclear technology, as allowed by the NPT and other nuclear agreements. By participating in the African Regional cooperative Agreement for research, development, and training related to nuclear science and technology, we have improved Tanzanian agriculture, health, non-destructive testing, and waste management. The Tsetse mass research institute provides promising aide for the welfare of our people through cooperation with the IAEA. Many of our nuclear initiatives could not exist without assistance; however, Tanzania appeals to able states to render their increased assistance to LDCs to level their relative inequities in peaceful nuclear technology. Tanzania resolvedly acts against the illicit trade of nuclear weapons and materials through initiatives like upgraded security in radiation sources and legislation. By supporting Security Council resolution 1540 and conventions suppressing terrorist activity, Tanzania supports cost-effective methods of crushing terrorist threats. Conflict in the Middle East exacerbates that in Africa and a Middle Eastern NWFZ provides assurance to the Great Lakes and Horn Region of Africa. Developments like the establishment of Palestinian territory in the Gaza strip and free elections in Iraq and Afghanistan give Tanzania renewed hope in establishing a NWFZ through cooperation between states.
Disarmament Thailand Establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East As an Asian country, topics concerning nuclear weapons are a very tender subject. Thailand, along with many other Asian countries, feels that the establishment of a nuclear-weapons-free zone in the Middle East would be greatly beneficial to all nations. Thailand along with countries such as; Senegal, Jamaica, Great Briton, the United States, and India just to name a few are all in full support of the weapons-free zone. With the Middle East being on of the key suppliers of natural gases, the world as a whole cannot suffer a nuclear attack in the area. Keeping in mind that the area in and around the Middle East is a violent area. Thailand feels that the world cannot withstand an attack, which may damage the Middle Eastern oil fields. Thailand continues its support of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, by continuing to stress the importance of the nuclear-free-zone in the Middle East. Thailand feels that to ignore the importance of such a vital steep in the disarmament process would be irresponsible. We have all seen the violence that takes place in the Middle-Eastern region. Steeps must be taken to ensure that countries within, and party to, the NWFZ are keep secure. As with any UN program the issue of funding arises. Thailand feels that it is not the responsibility of the countries within the NWFZ. Thailand suggest that able nations give a annual donation to the program.
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United States of America Committee: Disarmament Topic I: Establishment of a NWFZ In favor of any comprehensive and effective peace plan for the Middle East, the United States is in favor of Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (NWFZ), as long as it meets the following criteria: 1. The desire and initiative to establish a NWFZ comes from the states within the zone; 2. All states within the zone participate; 3. The agreement will have sufficient systems of verification built into it; 4. The established zone would not interfere in any way with the rights of selfdefense, nor disturb existing security agreements between individual countries; 5. The agreement effectively prohibits all participating nations from obtaining or developing nuclear weapons of any form; 6. The agreement does not disturb any nation’s existing agreements regarding transit through its air, land, or sea space; 7. The agreement does not impose restrictions on international law regarding the high-seas freedoms of navigation and overflight. The issue of enforcement is one that should also be left up to the involved countries. Possibilities could include giving the responsibility of enforcement to an outside actor trusted by all of the nations in the zone, such as the UN or a foreign nation. Since the end of the Cold War, the U.S. has initiated a program known as the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR). In this program, the United States helps to dismantle the weapons of former Soviet Union nations by using various contractors and national laboratories. The Department of Defense occasionally buys back weapons from these countries. A method similar to this could be utilized to help fund the disarmament of willing nations. The United States feels that the most important aspect of the establishment of a NWFZ in the Middle East is that the affected countries are the ones to establish this agreement, uniquely engineering it to their region. The UN, as well as other countries, has a very limited role in the creation of a NWFZ. Other groups are really only able to facilitate discussions. All other decisions are left solely up to the groups involved directly in discussion. Equally important is cooperation between the involved parties. For the NWFZ to work, the nations must have a sense of trust between each other. More specifically, the nations in the Middle East must come to terms with the existence of an Israeli state, and Israel in turn must be willing to negotiate with its neighbors. Once a non-violent atmosphere is achieved, then the creation of a NWFZ becomes more likely.
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United Arab Emirates Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Middle East The advancement of weaponry is against the UAE’s policies. Nuclear weapons are not good for use in general warfare, harmful for the environment, and detrimental to diplomatic solutions. Time is much better spent on others weapons of war or other purposes, and in this day and age in the middle east the benefits do not exist for using this kind of weaponry.
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East The establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone within the Middle Eastern Region would be an ideal way to ensure peace and stability. However, this has become increasing difficult with the nuclear ambitions of Israel, Pakistan, and India. It should be noted that Venezuela believes in a completely Weapons Free Zone for the region and feels as if this will not be obtainable until the disarmament of these three states. The issue of Iran has arisen in recent months in concerns with the creation of a nuclear free zone. Venezuela would like to point out that the Islamic Republic of Iran has every right to nuclear energy, and would also like to shed light on the uninvoked American threats that have been plaguing the Iranian nation. Venezuela is willing to stand by Iran’s right to a nuclear state as two nations both under the imperialistic thumb of the United States. Lastly, in order to show our commitment to the ultimate goal of a NWFZ in the Middle East, we would like state that Venezuela is a fully committed member of the NPT and supports the ideals presented within the organization. The implication of resolution A/RES/53/74 has been a concern of the Venezuelan people, as we continue to strive to find a solution to the nuclear weapons issue, not only in the Middle East, but world-wide. It is fully believed by the people of Venezuela that within our life time a NWFZ in the Middle East will be realized.
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United Kingdom Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear weapon Free Zone in the Region of the Middle East. For years the United Nations has strived to keep the peace across the globe. The world has taken large strides along side of the United Nations to achieve this idea of world peace. But the United Kingdom feels that these efforts, although great in success, have not been enough. With the constant conflict in the Middle East, the world can never feel safe. The everlasting threat of an attack by use of nuclear weapons casts a pall over the entire Middle Eastern Region. But this gloomy aura doesn’t stop there; it spreads into the homes of our soldier’s families who fear that their loved ones shall never return. In 1967 The Latin American Tlatelolco Treaty established the first Nuclear Weapons Free Zone, since the success of this treaty was indisputable and no Nuclear weapons have been used in this Region since, this would remain an acceptable model to base this possible establishment after. This extremely sensitive issue must be addressed, and the United Kingdom would be delighted to see this matter be resolved in a peaceful manner. We would hope to see the people of the Middle East and the United Nations Work together to resolve this issue. Situations like this all too often turn Violent; the establishment of a Nuclear Weapon Free zone is the only thing that can save the Middle East from itself.
Viet Nam Committee: Disarmament Topic: Establishment of a Nuclear Free Zone in the Middle East Terrorist attacks affect every country and have devastating results. Our people don’t travel, money is lost and lives are forfeit. We need to make nuclear weapons obsolete in the Middle East. We must prevent the build up of nuclear weapons around the world and to keep the area of the Middle East free from all nuclear weapons. We hope to gain support for this cause and set upon a course of action to achieve this.
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Austria Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space
Considering that Austria does have its own space agency, and the fact that we are fairly active in the European Space Agency (ESA), the militarization of out space is a fairly important topic that needs to be addressed. If one country begins to develop space weapons, then it can begin a whole new arms race, one resembling the cold war, that no one needs right now. Because the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is located in Vienna, Austria has and will be an influence in whatever the UN decides to do in outer space.
Country: Republic of Belarus Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space Belarus has a variety of aircraft capable of delivering NBC weapons. It has no capability to produce missiles, but does produce the chassis for road mobile missile launchers. The states of the former Soviet Union inherited the largest inventory of cruise missiles in the world. The majority of these missiles is now under Russian control, are located on Russian territory, and include large numbers of air-, sea- and land-launched systems. However, Belarus has air-launched cruise missiles in their air forces, while Ukraine may have a small number of sea-launched and coastal defense cruise missiles under its control. Outer Space treaty of 1967, directly states that “states shall not place nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction in orbit or on celestial bodies or station them in outer space in any other manner” and that “the Exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall be province of all mankind.” Belarus feels that militarization of outer space will serve as a precedent to other counties such as itself to work towards militarization for self-defense and sometimes this is not economically possible and puts other nations at a disadvantage and therefore space militarization should be stopped, and outer space research be solely for peaceful purposes such as concentrating on scientific research for the betterment of the standard of living and be directed towards helping our environment and world.
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Argentina Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space Like many other countries Argentina’s space program is not highly decorated. Many of these countries are not economically stable enough to compete with countries with economies like that of the United States. Argentina is threatened by the risks of a new arms race. Argentina supports the scientific research of Outer Space; however, it condemns the use of space for military purposes.
Sponsor: The Republic of Benin Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space Committee: Disarmament and International Security Internationally, for many years, it has been agreed that space should be used for peaceful purposes, and for the benefit of all humankind. Examples of uses and benefits include weather monitoring, help in search and rescue, help in potential natural disaster detection, coordinating efforts on detecting and dealing with issues of space debris and minimizing harmful impacts on Earth, research in sciences, health, etc. Towards the end of 2000, the United Nations General Assembly had a vote on a resolution called the “Prevention of Outer Space Arms Race.” “Peaceful uses of missiles” has been used to describe activities such as enhancing the understanding and subsequent use of space technology for development purposes in general and in particular to strengthen the capabilities of developing countries. The Republic of Benin has signed resolution A/49/33 and supports the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was set up by the General Assembly in 1959 to review the scope of international cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space, to devise programs in this field to be undertaken under United Nations sponsorship, to encourage continued research and the dissemination of information on outer space matters, and to study legal problems arising from the exploration of outer space.
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TOPIC: The Militarization of Outer Space COMMITTEE: First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) COUNTRY: Federative Republic of Brazil The militarization of outer space is a crucial subject which is spotlighted in the Disarmament committee and Brazil’s agenda. From the day when the Sputnik Satellite was launched into space, individuals everywhere have felt a sense of loss in international security. Further technological advances and endeavors, such as the landing on the moon in 1969 and the establishment of space stations have created a sense of terror in the eyes of mankind. With such surmountable steps in the advancement of our Outer Space, Brazil feels even the thought of arms of any form being placed into Outer Space is immeasurable. Because of this, the United Nations has already done many things to help prevent this from ever happening. The first preventative measure taken by the United Nations was the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which provided a basic framework on international space law, including principals such as free exploration, use, and benefit of space for all; with the absence of national appropriation, claims of sovereignty, occupation, or on celestial bodies. The treaty also encompassed responsibility for national activities and damage liability. Brazil would like to call attention to previous resolutions such as A/RES/45/55, A/RES/55/32, A/RES/56/23, A/RES/54/53, A/RES/52/37, A/RES/48/74, A/RES/47/51 have all passed with an overwhelming majority, but no treaty has ever been formed as of yet which prohibits nations from launching weapons into space. Brazil is a nation which has been intertwined in suspicions of using Outer Space for military purposes. When Brazil became a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in 1995, it was allowed to continue its space launch program, despite the potential for military application. States such as the United States of America have suspected Brazil of using their space launch program for military purposes. In an attempt to prove this was not occurring, Brazil created the Civilian Brazilian Space Agency to preside over the space program, replacing the military-connected Brazilian Commission for Space Activities in 1994. In present state, Brazil’s military does continue to control certain aspects of the space program, especially in rocket intelligence. One suggestion to establishing a peaceful solution to the matter is the creation of an international space defense shield. This program would be very similar to that of the United Nations former program Star Wars, but would be based on the defensive principles only and be incapable of launching any offensive measures. Such a shield would be based on earth to prevent infringement of any previously signed resolutions and treaties. Summarizing a few of Brazil’s main beliefs, we feel if an arm of any kid was launched into Outer Space it would create mass hysteria and havoc in the hearts of mankind on an international level. Brazil also feels as technological advances grow more rapid, they will be aimed more and more towards the technological advances in Outer Space.
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People’s Republic of China Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space The Chinese Delegation believes that the final purpose of exploring the outer space and its utilization should be to create for mankind an even finer space for existence and development. The outer space activities undertaken by various states should benefit the friendly cooperation between the states and social progress; benefit the maintenance of universal peace and security of the international society. The development and experimentation of weapon systems in outer space could lead to its militarization and touch off arms race in the outer space. China believes such a development would be detrimental to all nations and steps must be taken to prevent such an occurrence. Such activities as the testing, deployment or use of weapons, weapon systems or their components should be banned in outer space, in order to prevent the militarization of and an arms race in outer space. At present, there are intentions, plans and actions to pursue unilateral military and strategic superiority in, and control of, outer space. They are not only real but also growing. Therefore, it is realistic and urgent that the international community takes effective measures to stop such negative developments. Over a period of years, the international community has, drawn up a series of multilateral or bilateral legal instruments regulating State Parties' space activities. However, these instruments have not reflected the development of the most advanced aerospace technology today, and therefore are unable to effectively prevent the militarization of or an arms race in outer space. China believes that the most direct and effective way to achieve this purpose in the new century is to negotiate and bring into being a new international legal instrument, in addition to continued strict compliance with the existing ones. China attaches great importance to the issue of arms control and disarmament, and works hard to promote the sound development of the international disarmament process. We believe that fair and rational arms control and disarmament efforts are conducive to the relaxation of the international situation, thereby constituting a vital means of safeguarding world peace and enhancing international security. At the same time, China resolutely opposes the attempts of some countries to use arms control and disarmament as a tool to weaken other countries and reinforce their own military superiority for the purpose of seeking regional or global hegemony.
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Czech Republic Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space The Czech Republic believes it is in the best interest to preserve the tranquility of outer space for the benefit of all mankind through the peaceful application of space technology for telecommunications and scientific research. In 2003 the Czech Republic signed the European Cooperating State Agreement with the European Space Agency. Although not the first significant event with the Czech Republic and outer space, it has given us the opportunity to advance in space technology. In 1996 the Czech Republic launched its first satellite into outer space. Since then we have launched several satellites, all scientific research that will be available for everyone. Since this beginning of our space program we have been committed to the peaceful application of outer space. We strongly advocate that any use of outer space be for either scientific of telecommunication purposes to advance the development of countries. The Czech Republic fears the idea of militarizing outer space. A militarization of outer space could begin another arms race similar to that of the cold war, but on a more intimidating scale with far greater consequences. Militarizing outer space could upset the imbalance of power currently in place in the world, causing nations to be intimidated by a country that could accomplish this. We would like to see clear resolution striking down the notion of arming space. It is to every nation’s interest that space be kept for international peaceful purposes as long as nations continue to be involved in the application of space technology.
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Country: The Kingdom of Denmark Topic: Militarization of space Committee: Disarmament Denmark currently participates in para-military space activities. As a European Union member we agree to most EU treaties, documents, etc. The EU currently approves of military use of space. EU green and white papers state this as such: "Moreover, there are many common features of civil and military space technologies, so that it is appropriate to combine resources in the most effective manner..." (Commission of the European Communities, Green Paper European Space Policy, January 21, 2003) A white paper from the same commission says: "Europe needs an extended space policy, driven by demand, able to exploit the special benefits space technologies can deliver in support of the Union's policies and objectives: faster economic growth, job creation and industrial competitiveness, enlargement and cohesion, sustainable development and security and defense." (WHITE PAPER: Space: a new European frontier for an expanding Union An action plan for implementing the European Space policy European Commission 11 November 2003.) The European space agency has launched several intel-based satellites. Now the launching of such things is not only beneficial for scientific data, but defense based as well. Denmark highly approves such use of space. However, the intel-satellites make obvious targets in conflict due the advantage in a defensive situation. Which brings up the idea of satellites to protect the intel-based ones. This is a very dangerous slope as selfdefense can breed mistrust and suddenly a space cold war has started with no substantial provocation. This is why Denmark would like to see a limitation of offensive capable satellites. Also any plan originated in debate needs to be carefully crafted so that it can be augmented as time progresses. With the introduction of the private space sector, the till now fantastical notion of "space pirates" could become a rather real problem. As such, limitations of defensive arms may release international tension now, but may result in huge losses later on if precautions to adapt to the ever-changing world of space are not taken. So in a summary Denmark believes in a "Defensive space" with a limited amount of arms. We also feel there is a need to prepare in the ever-changing realm of space.
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Committee: Topic: Submitted By:
Disarmament The Militarization of Outer Space Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
he Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is excited about the possibilities that outer space has to help our society. The DPRK holds the majority belief that outer space should be used for peaceful purposes and for the betterment of all mankind. Though some countries feel that space should be used to build up the military strength, one must realize that space is a new frontier for all countries, not an area to stage war. The DPRK has never had spaceflight in its history. Our space program is in its infancy. We have neither the monetary or public support to pursue human spaceflight. However, we do feel our opinion should be heard on the situation. During the 1980s, when the President of the United States proposed a Strategic Defense Initiative above the earth’s atmosphere, the DPRK staunchly opposed the idea. Our country felt that the defense shield was hostile. It left the Soviet Union without offensive capabilities, while leaving American offense intact. Many technical stances against the SDI were evident too, including the feasibility of being able to intercept a missile at point blank range. In today’s present world, the Bush Administration in the United States has long made it clear that the United States wishes to expand its military capabilities and have weapons in space and therefore also be dominant in this fourth military arena (the other three being sea, land and air). This new “ultimate high ground” would provide further superior military capabilities. DPRK believes it will be used for offensive purposes to push America’s national interests even if they are not in the interests of the international community. Furthermore, together with its pursuit of missile defense, (which goes against the Anti Ballistic Missile treaty, an important part of global arms control mechanisms), the United States risks starting a wasteful expenditure of an arms race in space, when 30,000 children die from treatable diseases in impoverished Africa. Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, and the resulting “War on Terror” military-based policies and spending has increased. So too have the policies looking into space-based weapons. But because space-based weapons have been on the agenda long before September 11, and the War on Terror, the fight against terrorism is not the sole justification, though it may now add to the reasons. However, long before September 11, the concerns of the United State’s motives for pursuing such policies have been questioned. The fear is by seeking to create a dominant position in space, this will allow the United States to become even more powerful. Many world powers talk about the prospect of peace. The United States argues that militarization of outer space will help ensure peace. One must wonder how peace through strength and peace through domination will better serve mankind. It is clear to most of the world that the SDI and the National Defense Mechanism is not about protection, but it is another way for the United States to exert its global hegemony. The NMD, as this history of the SDI shows us, is a political weapon to further United States ends rather than enhance global security.
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Arab Republic of Egypt Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space The Arab Republic of Egypt has been in support of the peaceful use of outer space following the development of international space programs; however, Egypt feels that the militarization of outer space is out of the question. Not only would militarization of the outer boundaries of the earth be a threat to every nation of the world, it would ultimately result in an unfair arms race. Nations with developed space programs would have a huge advantage over countries with small or no space programs. Egypt has a successful missile program but does not have a very developed space program, and would therefore be left behind if an arms race in space ensued. Egypt is willing to support any negotiations involving peaceful and non-militarized space, but cannot condone the development of weapons for use in outer space.
Germany Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space Germany is opposed to the use of space for military purposes other than reconnaissance. To utilize space for such a purpose would be a violation of The Outer Space treaty. Germany does have the resources to undertake such a project ,however, it has no interests in doing so. Such a project runs the risk of sparking an arms race, which might threaten Global Security. If a nation were to begin work on the militarization of space, Germany would vehemently object to the project.
Hellenic Republic of Greece Committee of Disarmament The Militarization of Outer Space The Hellenic Republic of Greece truly defines space exploration as a peaceful endeavor. Ever since mankind has launched a probe into space, we has wondered what else could it be used for. Scientific research has been the only known use of Outer Space, as we try to study its mysterious ways. But most recently it has been tagged as the next battlefield. A battlefield that can be used by the large superpowers of the world. Not only can it be used as a war ground but also military reconnaissance and military staging areas for all compatible weapons. The dream has been dreamt and now the richest are trying to obtain it.
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The United States, Russian Federation, and China have been the only countries to enter the earth’s atmosphere and then into space. At the moment they are currently cooperating with each other to build a International Space Station that will research the living behaviors in space. Even though the Republic of Greece is not active in space exploration, we surely support all scientific research that is being conducted. And as our skills are sharpened we hope to, one day, break into the vast darkness of Outer Space. As we have stated before, the question of militarization of Outer Space has come through this committee several times before and now is brought forward, again. Even though the Republic of Greece does support research in Outer Space it does not support militariztion of it. In late 2000 this topic was once again on the chopping block and brought out three abstentions, coming from the Federated States of Micronesia, Israel, and the United States. Even though this resolution was passed it did show that if this came under fire once again it would have more support on opposing the band of militarization of Outer Space. The Hellenic Republic of Greece proudly stands by the European Union on all foreign matters and truly believes that Outer Space should be used for peaceful purposes only. As the world goes more technologically advanced, space becomes the limit and as that grows so should the precautions and restrictions on what should be rightfully open to warfare. An ordered treaty is needed to reinforce the idea that Outer Space should be kept peaceful for the safety of the world as well as for mankind.
Iran Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space Iran firmly believes that those nations who are more economically stable should use their money and power in order to better mankind instead of destroying it. Iran thinks that all militarization of Outer Space needs to be stopped immediately, and it's halting is necessary to further promote peace in our world, instead of fostering paranoia and fear in the citizens of the world.
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Iraq Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space Iraq would like to see a ban on orbital missiles, killer satellites, or any other militarization of outer space. This agreement should apply to all nations as the reaches of space belong to no nation. Also, a large majority of nations, Iraq included, do not possess a space program of any kind nor do these possess the funds capable of supporting such a program. These nations would not be able to defend themselves in a space war. Another thought to consider is that the amount of time for a country to prepare against an attack from orbital missiles is greatly reduced. No government would have time to raise a defense or even to alert the civilian populace to seek shelter.
Israel Disarmament The Militarization of Outer Space Israel believes that military in space should be limited. The lemmatization of military in space sets specific standards and rules that other countries can follow. Israel believes that satellites should be used for intel. and communication. If satellite guided weapons come into this category, they should be allowed too. One other type of limit is the space to ground weapons for defense Israel would also like to add that it would like to have anti satellite defense systems . Steinitz said “Israel must not ignore trends and technologies that can extend the battlefield beyond the atmosphere.” Israel totally supports military in space. Even know we abstained in this we do support some future interest in this topic. Israel and 165 other nations are pushing for the end of the 1967 treaty and actually pushing for more research for military in space. Israel supports the United States in this topic due to the fact they have some interest with the militarization in space. A former Israel Air Force Commander said “It will be difficult to start putting a lot of military in space.” Ivry, the former Air Force Commander, also said “They had to many satellites on the ground than in space and that should change.” This is a very good topic to push for. Israel’s potion is pro Militarization in space.
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Italy Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space Our world is a very unstable place. There are many wars. And with the threat of nuclear firearms, the stability is even more threatened. Capable countries are starting to “colonize” space by creating the international space station. But it if space is militarized our world will be even more threatened by the fact that we could be attacked at any moment. Also we could not retaliate nor destroy the vehicle that attacked us. Italy is still, as the rest of the world, on the way to such a program. If another state were to develop the technology to fully militarize space, not only would my country be at risk but the rest of the world along with it. I believe that if our country wanted to fund a project like this, we would be well on our way but would not yet be able to fund it completely. If any nation came up with the technology to create this technology, it should only be used for defense. If it ever was used for something else I believe that the world would turn chaotic. I believe to make it where that this technology could only be use for defense, a long lasting bill should be drawn up. We would like to see how this problem would affect everybody else in the world. Also how and when the soonest date of a prototype of a vehicle could arise. If we could see a date for a prototype we could discuss how to counter this prototype if a country ever decided to militarize space.
Japan Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space In 1972, Japan became the fourth country to launch a satellite into outer space. The country’s space efforts were overseen by three different programs that merged on October 1st, 2003, to form the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). JAXA is involved in the launch of several satellites, development of a Space Plane for routine transport from earth, and contribution to the International Space Station (ISS) by way of the Japanese Experiment Module “KIBO”. Japan’s stance has remained that outer space does not and should not “belong” to any state, and that the uses of space are physically limited only by the desires and resources of individual states. However, activities in space affect the entire world, regardless of their participation. Though Japan does not object to the use of space as a means of protecting its citizens and the advancement of knowledge, the wisdom is seen in curbing the ability of states to extend defensive uses to include weapons of destruction in space or other measures which precipitate attacks on other states. As a result, Japan has ratified the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, and has voluntarily reported its launches to the Registry of Objects Launched into Outer Space. While Japan would not support efforts to drastically limit its sovereignty by banning measures for defensive purposes, such as defensive satellite programs, it supports further efforts to keep space free of weapons of mass destruction. It also advocates the extension of the Office of Outer Space Affair’s authority to include not
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simply recording the launches of objects by states, but reviewing submissions before any launch occurs in order to report and stop any suspicious or potentially destructive objects from being launched.
Libya Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space The peaceful use of outer space has been an interest of Libya’s, particularly because of its many positive contributions to development, including improvements in health, medical services, and the economy. AT UNISPACE III in Vienna, Libya introduced a paper on its establishment of a remote sensing centre for space science to address issues such as underground water supplies and desertification. Libya has also participated in the Outer Space Committee and has helped to strengthen the role of African countries within it. Libya believes that outer space belongs to all of mankind and should be used for humanitarian purposes only. Therefore, Libya is against the militarization of outer space and calls upon all nations to adopt legislations that would prevent outer space militarization.
The Delegation of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia’s position on the Militarization of Outer space Macedonia is a smaller country, and this is Macedonia’s opportunity to better itself. Just as the second world war pulled the United States out of depression, Macedonia shall grow into a world power with it’s booming economy, and with space on it’s side, Macedonia will potentially be very well equipped for a land war.
Nepal Militarization of Outer Space Nepal recognizes the constant threat of the militarization of outer space and attempts to stop it by notifying all nations about the possible World War that could come from it. Nepal is grateful for the General Assembly for holding a vote on the “Prevention of outer space arms.”
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The Kingdom of the Netherlands’ Position on the Militarization of Outer Space The Kingdom of the Netherlands believes that there should not be any further militarization of outer space. We believe that there is no reason as to why any country should have the dire need to have any sort of weapons in outer space. Outer space should be a region that is explored and enjoyed by every individual member nation. Outer space should not be just another war zone. The Netherlands believes that the problem with having any weapons of any sort in space is that if one country has them, quite a few others would want some as well. Clearly, if the United Nations does not do something to stop the militarization of outer space, there will be another arms race. We believe that this statement can be supported by the events that have occurred in the world’s history.
The Philippines Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space Many nations do not have the financial capabilities to develop an outer space defense program and these nations believe their country could be threatened by such a program. There are some countries could afford it but we would not use it so in the Philippine’s opinion such militarization should never happen or be used.
First Committee The Militarization of Outer Space Romania Romania would just like state that we are deeply concerned about the dangers of weapons in outer space. We believe that the prevention of an arms race would cease the threat on international peace and security. We also believe that the moon and other celestial bodies shall only be used for peaceful purposes. Romania is convinced that deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threatens the future of upcoming generations, because when they are deployed there is no guarantee the accuracy of their final destination. Romania is a proud member of the Outer Space Treaty. We signed it back in the 60’s. We are space explorers, but would like to firmly state that it’s only for peaceful purposes. We do have space programs one being the Romanian Space Agency, which is under the support of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.
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The Russian Federation Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space Though the core of the existing Russian space program was developing during the era of the Soviet Union, it is still clear, nevertheless, that Russia is one of few countries that maintains an extensive space industry and carries on a number of military-related space programs. The former Soviet Union still remains the only country to date that developed and operationally deployed an anti-satellites system designed to attack those satellites on low orbits. Tests of this system demonstrated its capability to destroy these specific satellites with altitudes up to 1000 km. Though the system was accepted for service and commission for active duty in 1979, it was later disbanded in November of 1983. Despite the fact that today Russia has managed to keep most of its space industry intact, this does not apply to companies involved in the anti-satellites systems or spacebased weapons. However this does not limit Russia’s military use of space. Additionally it is likely that Russia could play a key role in developing military-space technology that would be transferred onto the market or even to other interested parties. Though Russia still invest significant efforts into its early-warning and military communication satellites, fortunately for its adversaries, neither of these Russian systems relate to Space-based weapons. Russia has not yet to demonstrate the ability to integrate space-based systems, into military operations as it does not seem to be able to preserve the basic industrial infrastructure necessary. Today the Russian Federation reaffirms its belief that any of its respective progress in formulating “general-purpose military space systems” should hardly be seen as a major threat by other nations. Because such attempts are military-orientated, relevant systems should not be considered weapons since they are not intended to engage hostile targets and additionally do not pose an offensive threat in or from space. Therefore the Russian Federation declares that because its space related operations offer no State an immediate threat, it should be allowed to conduct its spacial activities without major interference from other nations.
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Rwanda Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space The militarization of outer space is an abhorring thought. Every day, many of our people die tragically in the streets due to genocide and civil war. The expansion of violence and chaos will do nothing but cause an increase in the magnitude of social decay. This program will create an even larger rift between the rich countries capable of space programs, and the poorer or underdeveloped nations such as our own. It will become harder and harder for Rwanda to protect itself against outside oppression. We, the people of Rwanda, stand firmly against this.
Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space Country: Singapore Man has truly exceeded the boundaries of Earth. Outer space is the last frontier and has vast potential to be of great use to each and every one of us. However, we have come to a point where outer space offers a threat to us all. Militarizing outer space is out of the question. Resolution 1472 (XIV) created The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space by the General Assembly in 1959 which has grown to 65 total members. Although Singapore is not signatory, we still feel we need to speak out on this issue. Allowing the use of military weapons in outer space contradicts the peaceful use of outer space. In addition, if military weapons were allowed then an arms race in outer space would unfold. This would only add tension to an already insecure world. We would have a Cold War in space with the war against terrorism on Earth. Allowing the use of weapons in outer space, it would eventually start to separate the members of the United Nations. Every country would become insecure, and each nation will go down its own path. As a result, the United Nations would no longer exist. This would help destroy the unity of these members, and defeat the purpose of the United Nations all together. Singapore feels that we should start working out resolutions on how to explore and exploit outer space. Outer Space is the future, and we need to protect it.
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The Republic of South Africa Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space The militarization of outer space opens up many new questions. Is militarizing space a good idea, or should it just be used for the betterment of all mankind? If nations start to place new weapons in space, it can threaten other nations everywhere. This would require other nations to build up their own outer space arsenals to compensate for the threat they are receiving. This could cause another arms race. By placing weapons in what would be a new 4th military era, the security of all nations is placed in jeopardy. It threatens human security. It might be wise to ensure that all space technology is used exclusively for peaceful purposes. Establishing an effective legal way to help prevent the militarization of space and prevent another arms race should also be considered. While it is possible that weapons placed in space could serve as a defensive purpose, there would need to be some way to monitor that weapons were not intended to launch assaults on other nations. Space based weapons should only exist in the case where they would be used as defense systems to monitor compliance with nonaggression agreements or to avoid a military conflict with another nation.
Country: The United Republic of Tanzania Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space. Tanzania does not have a space program due lack of funding and the pressing nature of its domestic problems. In addition to combating the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons, Tanzania’s resources remain occupied by alleviating poverty, combating diseases, and ensuring the immediate well being of its people. However, we work towards gaining benefits of space exploration and research. By increasing the interests of developing nations in peaceful uses of outer space, greater pressure will arise to prevent its militarization. In 2002, Tanzania attended the UN Regional Workshop on the Use of Space Technology for Disaster Management for Africa. Through satellite communication and surveillance, space technology may help alleviate the damage from disaster. Although Tanzania does no have any satellites in space, we support the agreement between the European Space Agency and our fellow East African Community member Kenya to set up a station in Malindi. Tanzania also attended the African Leadership Conference on Space Science and Technology, developed in part by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPOUS). As a developing nation, Tanzania relies upon the assistance of other nations for improved technology and joins other developing nations in raising increased support for technological growth in such areas. Through such increased peaceful uses of space technology, Tanzania hopes to collaborate with similar nations to influence certain states to refrain from militarization of outer space. An arms race in space would exacerbate the volatile nature of nations like Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo that border Tanzania, destabilizing the Tanzanian people. The placement of space weaponry in outer space, from anti-satellite
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systems to ballistic missile defense systems, increases tension among all nations throughout the world. Tanzania considers the gradual implementation of arms nonproliferation measures to be most effective over time, with the goal of creating a treaty that clearly prevents the use of arms in outer space. In our efforts to maintain security and encourage growth in outer space, Tanzania has voted in favor of each General Assembly resolution entitled “The Prevention of an Arms race in Outer Space.” We have signed the Liability Convention of 1971 and ratified institutions like the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water. Though we are not a member of the COPOUS or the CD, Tanzania supports their efforts to prevent the presence of arms in outer space in the interests of international security. Tanzania would like to emphasize the high cost, difficulty in calibration, maintenance and repair, and potential for arm race resulting from the militarization of outer space, rendering space weaponry development efforts non-beneficial in comparison with its consequences. By contributing to earthly issues, space and international security is maintained. Although we do not have the resources or capabilities to explore outer space, Tanzania holds the unilateral militarization of outer space unnecessary and detrimental to global security. Tanzania supports the efforts of past treaties, yet no recent treaties have discussed the issue of outer space. Through cooperation with COPOUS, CD, and other member states, Tanzania seeks to more clearly express the prevention of the militarization of outer space.
Thailand The Militarization of Outer Space Thailand feels that Outer Space is one front that need not be militarized. Thailand feels that this would cause unnecessary tension among rivaling nations. Thailand feels that the militarization of outer space could lead to another arms race like the one between the United States and the USSR. Thailand feels that outer space should be used as frontier for the betterment humanity. Thailand feels that opening Outer Space up to militarization would be completely contrary to the purpose of the disarmament committee, not to mention the United Nations as a whole. Thailand feels that we use Outer Space as a means to better life, instead of endangering it. Thailand feels that any missions into space should only be permitted if in occurrence with UNOOSAs definition of peaceful.
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United States of America Committee on Disarmament The Militarization of Outer Space While the U.S. does strive to create peace in the world, it feels that expanding its defense system into outer space is the only way to protect its economic interests, as well as to defend itself from the increasing threat of a ballistic missile attack. In order to effectively maintain a sense of self defense, the United States must achieve and maintain space superiority. This gives the U.S. the freedom to attack, as well as the freedom from being attacked. Space superiority, in essence, means four things. First, is protecting U.S. outer space assets from enemies. Second is preventing these enemies from getting to these assets in the first place. Third is to prevent other enemies from obtaining any type of threat to the U.S.’s arsenal. Fourth is surveillance of other space objects. There is currently no international law that prohibits the use of weapons in outer space, except for the “Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,” which prohibits nuclear arms or weapons of mass destruction. Because of this, the United States would not be in violation of any law by utilizing outer space for purposes of self defense. Currently, however, the U.S. has only considered the possibility of starting an outer space weapons program. No new policies have been put into place or even seriously discussed.
United Arab Emirates Committee: Disarmament Topic: Militarization of Outer Space UAE is in no way a supporter of militarizing outer space. One of the only frontiers left, defiling this area would be corruption of the highest sort. That everything that everyone has ever wanted needed God has provided. That the UAE believes that militarization of anything is wrong. That any weapons that are forced, or put on anything is wrong.
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space As an adamant supporter of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, the Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of the States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, etc, Venezuela wishes to express the need for a peaceful and demilitarized outer space. We just halt any possible arms race before this race could begin. It takes little imagination to see how larger, more
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technologically able states could use the militarization of outer space to their own personal advantage while the goals of this very body are completely ignored. Plans are currently underway to gather support and enforce these treaties and others, and as a result Venezuela is working on the forefront of this issue to ensure that these efforts are not in vain.
United Kingdom Committee: Disarmament Topic: Arms Race in Space Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, our world has wondered at the marvels of Space. However there are those over-zealous few who wish to use this beautiful opportunity to explore and learn for war purposes. The militarization of space will break our nations apart hear on earth, which we have to strive to so hard to keep together even now in our small corner of the universe. All militarizing space would do is give our war lords, gangsters and terrorist more land to fight over. Until an alien race attacks, the UK will stand by the idea that space shouldn’t be fought over. Space could be much more useful when scattered with weather monitoring satellites, environment management tools, GPS technology, Medical Researchers, or Management tools for disaster management, rather than the ruins of war.
Viet Nam Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Militarization of Outer Space
The thought of arms being used in outer space is of concern to all. If outer space were to be militarized, many smaller states could be oppressed. We, as one of the small states, are opposed to any such militarization. We look to those states who have the capabilities for outer space weapons to consider the needs of smaller and weaker nations when developing their military plans.
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Austria Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Seeing as Austria is one of the world’s most important small arms and light weapons manufacturers, we are very concerned about the fact that our weapons, as well as other countries, could and are being used to kill innocent people all over the world. Also, we are concerned about how many people have small arms and will not give them up. We do understand though that unless people feel secure enough, there is no way they are going to give up their weapon, their only source of protection. To prevent these weapons from getting into the wrong hands, marking and tracing of weapons and the transfer controls of weapons are of the highest priority. Only together can we stop this deadly illegal trade of small arms and light weapons. Country: Republic of Belarus Committee: Disarmament Topic: Illicit Weapon Trade Belarus has created efficient export control system that meets high international criteria. In January 1998 Belarus adopted the law “On export control”. Adoption of the Law and the Decree established legal basis for export control in Belarus, provided necessary interaction of central agencies in the sphere of export control.
In the pursuit of export control policy Government of Belarus is guided by the following common principles such as “acquisition and/or development of military articles and dual purpose articles by certain the so-called "difficult" countries may jeopardize general world order; international export control can be an effective means to contain and confine this threat; export control must not impede legal trade of special purpose and dual use articles. “
Export of arms and military equipment from Belarus is also controlled with licenses issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to those producers having permission of the Ministry of Defense to develop, produce, maintain and sell such products. Besides a small number of intermediary foreign trade companies that have permission of the government to sell such products are also provided with the licenses. Following criteria are taken into account in consideration of an application for the license issuance: compatibility of exporter's rights to supply specified goods and services; compatibility of an exported product with the Register; legality of a deal with regard to an end user; compatibility of an exported product with regard to the end use; legality of a deal with regard to the country end user; reliability of an applicant and a mediator in terms of nonproliferation policy. No deal is possible to implement without approval of the Belarusian agency which is authorized to control exports and imports of military products – Interdepartmental commission on military and technical cooperation and export control attached to the Security Council of Belarus.
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The Republic of Belarus feels that in order to prevent and put an end towards the spread and export of illicit arms thorough out the world, more strict as well as secure export laws should be implemented. The financing of any weapon export from any government officials should be immediately ceased. Such disappointing actions like expansion of unsanctioned warheads thorough out the world lead to support of civil wars and rebellions which result in millions of deaths that could be prevented.
Argentina Committee: Disarmament Topic: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Argentina is a peaceful country, and we are concerned with the over half a million deaths caused by small arms each year. The distribution of over 600,000,000 light weapons each year makes it easy for traffickers to obtain these weapons. Argentina is fully aware of the need for small arms for military and law enforcement uses. However, we are concerned about the lack of regulations on the production of light weapons. Argentina would welcome strict regulations on the production and distribution of these weapons.
Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Sponsor: The Republic of Benin Committee: Disarmament and International Security The Republic of Benin believes illicit arms trafficking fuels civil wars, contributes to sky-rocketing crime rates and feeds the arsenals of the world's worst terrorists. Particularly troubling is the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons (SA/LW). SA/LW account for an estimated 60-90% of the 100,000+ conflict deaths each year (Small Arms Survey 2005) and tens of thousands of additional deaths outside of war zones. They are also the weapons of choice for many terrorists. Stemming the flow of these weapons is incredibly difficult. Unlike weapons of mass destruction, small arms and many light weapons have legitimate military, law enforcement, and/or sporting and recreational uses. These uses preclude the types of outright bans on manufacture, stockpiling and sales imposed - with some success - on landmines and chemical and biological weapons. Instead, governments try to prevent the diversion and misuse of SA/LW without unduly infringing upon legitimate use and trade. This is no small feat. Plentiful, easy to conceal, and lethal, SA/LW are a smuggler's dream and a law enforcement nightmare.
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TOPIC: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons COMMITTEE: First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) COUNTRY: Federative Republic of Brazil There are around forty wars raging in countries around the world today. These wars are being fought primarily with small arms and light weapons (SALW) carried by individual soldiers or on light vehicles. Few combatants involved produce any; let alone the bulk, of these munitions. Most light arms being used in these conflicts are imported either through legal international channels, or through the black market. Statistics on small arms trafficking are hard to come by but the available evidence suggests that this trade is flourishing in the post-Cold War era. The prolific and largely unregulated transfer of arms, particularly small arms, has resulted in tremendous human suffering. Together with other factors, it has led to the erosion of civilians rights to protection from violence and access to humanitarian assistance. While weapons of mass destruction, incendiary weapons, and tactical nuclear weapons may cause more deaths in one firing than light weapons, they are also much more expensive and therefore available to only a select few. Small arms are cheaper to manufacture, transport, and operate than larger arms. For this reason, countries, terrorist groups, people, and other groups and organizations all purchase these weapons and put them in the hands of an entire army rather than a select few. Brazil is convinced of the need for a global commitment to a comprehensive approach to promote the prevention, reduction and eventual eradication of the illicit trade in small arms as a contribution to international peace and security. This prevalent issue directly affects Brazil due to its problems with weapons being smuggled in from Bolivia and Uruguay. Brazil is often internationally applauded for its disarmament law and the campaign that has resulted in the collection of over 300,000 small arms and light weapons within the borders since 2004. In the past, however, Brazil exported arms to Iraq illegally while it was ruled under the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein, as well as to Angola during their 26 year civil war. Brazil is making progress, however, now with only slight speculations of having arms trading problems with Paraguay. With this prolonged problem, propositions for plausible long term solutions need to surface. Brazil feels in order to monitor the trade of small arms and light weapons, nations must know exactly what do monitor, therefore a proper definition should be enacted. There also needs to be a creation of revision of restrictions on the sale of small arms to entities other than governments. With a collaboration between small arms manufacturers and governments, this problem wouldn't be nearly as difficult to take, so Brazil feels that team would alone better control the problem.
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People’s Republic of China Committee: Disarmament Topic: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons In recent years, SALW has increasingly become the focus of international attention. The illicit trafficking and excessive accumulation of such weapons have worsened the armed conflicts in certain countries and regions and disrupted peace processes and the smooth operation of post-conflict reconstruction. They are also closely linked with terrorism, organized crimes, illicit exploration of natural resources and child soldiers, causing political, economic and social damages. China fully supports the efforts against illicit trade of SALW, and has taken an active part in the relevant international efforts. China has already signed the Firearms Protocol, and is now preparing for ratifying and implementing the Protocol, establishing the data base at national level for SALW production, possession and trade, and optimizing its marking system. China supports the United Nations in playing a leading role in the international efforts to seek solutions to the SALW issue. China is ready to join the rest of the international community for an early appropriate global solution to the issue of SALW. In combating the illicit trafficking of SALW, national governments shoulder the primary responsibilities. And the root cause for this problem can only be removed by reinforcing national legal systems and control mechanisms and imposing strict control on domestic SALW production and trade. At the same time, as SALW have increasingly become a global issue, its appropriate solution cannot be sought without the joint efforts of the international community. It is necessary for all countries to conduct close cooperation at the national, regional and international levels, tighten supervision and control on SALW trade, trace illicit trafficking networks, pool information, and provide the developing countries with necessary financial and technical assistance. China hopes that the upcoming sessions will provide the world’s nations with a comprehensive plan for the control of trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons both on the international and national levels. China is fully committed to these tasks and supports the efforts of other nations to devise a complete solution.
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Czech Republic Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons The Czech Republic is committed to the eradication of illicit trading of small arms and light weapons. In, we changed our national laws concerning this illicit trade happening within our own borders. We increased legal penalties for brokers of illegal arms deals, submitting false documentation, and illegal transit of arms within our country. The Czech Republic is a major manufacturer of small arms and ammunition in Europe and the surrounding region. We do trade small arms and light weapons from our manufacturers and stockpiles to nations and parties in accordance with national and international laws. Before any deal is authorized we meticulous investigate the authenticity and reliability of proposed buyers. We realize that even with thoroughly examined applications, the meticulous background checks, and a successful completion of a legal arms trade that there is nothing else we can do to prevent the illegal use and transfer of supplied arms to unauthorized destinations without creating binding international legal boundaries and punishments. We would like to see an endorsement to for all nations to accede to legal terms of government-to-government transfers. The Czech Republic strongly believes that nations need to take a stronger role regulating what arms freely transfer through citizens without tracking. In 2004 we amended our laws requiring citizens to obtain a permit to possess any arms. We also created a list of military oriented weapons that are not to be for public use, but for the army and police. To enforce this new measure we established criminal punishments for those possessing any firearm without a permit or those possessing restricted weapons. We would like to see all nations to take steps toward tracking weapons within each nation and would like to see an international legal code pushed forward.
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Country: Kingdom of Denmark Topic: Illicit trade of small arms Committee: Disarmament Illicit Small arms trade has often been overlooked due to matters like weapons of mass destruction floating about. But Denmark finds the illicit trade of small arms can cause death abroad just as much. A statement in General assembly by Denmark on the issue of terrorism expressed this point quite articulately: "At the same time concerted action is needed to end illicit traffic in small arms and light weapons. Arms transfers must be transparent. Denmark strongly supports adoption of an international arms trade treaty. Such a treaty must be legally binding, include all weapons and be UN-based." (Statement by H.E. Minister for Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Dr. Per Stig Møller to the General Debate of the 60th Session of the United Nations General Assembly on 20 September 2005.) Illicit small arms trade is very preventable if the right measures are taken. Embargo is our strongest tool in preventative measures. Further enforcement of UN recommendations is crucial. Ideas presented in special oversight groups could severely limit arms trade; but the recommendations are never fully followed through with. Denmark has noted such problems circulating in Africa, where arms carousel between bloody civil disputes. Denmark has openly expressed its feelings on this subject, its complex- but the UN can severely damper the illicit trade. The international community has to come together and Denmark for one wants this to happen
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Committee: Topic: Submitted By:
Disarmament Question of Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) recognizes the importance of abolishing illicit trade throughout the world. Small arms were directly responsible for 500,000 thousands deaths in 2004. The illicit arms trade fuels have destabilized regions and fueled many conflicts in the last 50 years. The Disarmament Committee must find ways to curtail the wave of small arms trade, while insuring impartiality between both world powers and impoverished nations. In 2001, The plague of small arms and the efforts to block the flow of illegal weapons lead to the first UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Their Aspects held July 9-20, 2001. However, the DPRK and the world have witnessed numerous countries’ unwillingness to obey international law. Now, the world is increasingly concerned over the killings of innocent civilians, mostly women and children, and serious socio-economic problems resulted from the illicit trade, possession and use of small arms and light weapons. According to the 1999 report of the governmental expert group on small arms, more than 500 million small arms and light weapons are circulated around the world and they continue to be produced in large numbers and exported competitively. In this regard, leading arms export countries should be duly responsible and take active steps for curbing the trend of this kind. DPRK is also of the view that particular attention be given to the principle of respect for the right of each country to self-defense in dealing with the issue of small arms and light weapons. Every country has the equal right to self-defense irrespective of the size of territory and the level of development. This is a legitimate right entrusted by the Charter of the United Nations. Nowadays, certain military powers and arms export countries are blockading economically and threatening militarily those countries, particularly developing countries, in their efforts to strengthen their national defense capabilities aimed at self-defense under the pretext of disarmament and nonproliferation, while they themselves research, develop, produce, deploy and export sophisticated weapons at their discretion. A number of disarmament-related conventions and mechanisms are already in place so far. But there is no fairness in their implementation. Interfering in other's internal affairs and encroaching upon the right to self-defense on the plea of preventing the illicit trade of small arms should never be tolerated. In order to ensure just and effective global disarmament, the application of double standards should be put to an end in the field of disarmament.
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Arab Republic of Egypt Committee: Disarmament Topic: Trade of small arms and light weapons The Arab Republic of Egypt has been the victim of numerous terrorist attacks involving small arms and light weapons (SA/LW), ranging from the assassination of president Anwar al-Sadat in 1981 to the 1997 attack in Luxor, Egypt killing almost 60 foreign tourists. As a result of such attacks, Egypt has cracked down on terrorist groups that use SA/LW, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, an extremist organization based in Egypt. Egypt’s association with the United States and Israel has made it a target of terrorist activity, but because of its ties with other Islamic nations; terrorist groups have found Egypt as a convenient weapon trade location. Very concerned by the threat of terrorist activity and the trade of SA/LW, Egypt is more than willing to welcome steps taken against the illegal and dangerous trade of weapons through tighter boarder security and policing efforts.
Germany Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons Germany produces many small arms and exports them to other nations. Unfortunately many of the small arms that are produced by Germany end up in the wrong hands and are traded illegally to other nations. Germany is taking part of many peacekeeping missions and many of the places where these missions take place are being fueled by weapons that have been traded illicitly. Therefore Germany would be in favor of action that would be taken against the trade of illicit small arms and light weapons, as long as such action does not interfere with
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Hellenic Republic of Greece Committee of Disarmament The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Crimes are committed everyday in the Republic of Greece. Each crime will contain a small weapon of some kind, and most are unregistered or illegal. The Hellenic Republic of Greece believes that illicit trade in small arms needs to be addressed, but has little hope in the subject. When tracking trade such as consumer goods, usually the government of company can keep an eye on all designated trade ports/routes. With tracking the trade of weapons the government cannot keep an eye on all trade routes, since there isn’t really any. Weapons of any kind are illegally traded as well as sold without government consent. Undertaking a task of this magnitude has proven to be one of the toughest and most reoccurring topic that has been given to this committee. Since, these weapons, especially small arms, are so hard to track governments have taken different approaches to this topic. Most everyone begins with heightened border control as the first measure; scanning automobiles, ship containers, etc. But still weapons are found to be smuggled in. Governments has found that these smuggled arms are usually sold to terrorist or anti-government groups. Small arms are the most common weapon in any crime, especially in terrorist operations. Ever since 9/11 the United States as well as the world has been trying there own ways to crack down on these terrorist groups. Greece has taken action trying to control our weapon trades, paying close attention to small arms trade. After employing several techniques, we have slow and steady progress. Hope is running out as well as sufficient funding. Money is always needed for a country’s security but, concentrating on one topic can exhaust funds immediately. The Hellenic Republic of Greece has shared its ideas with neighboring countries, with the same out put. To strengthen the tracking of illicit trade of small arms, funding is the most important topic on its agenda. With the right amount of funding each country could stream-line there protocol as well as communicate to one another (especially important in border trading.) As seen from above, the Republic of Greece has mixed emotions on how to handle such a widespread topic. A treaty is needed but, with plenty of funding from other countries or collective bodies. The Hellenic Republic of Greece wishes to have a sound and just treaty for all that can stream-line security and improve communication.
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Iran Committee: Disarmament Topic: Small Weapons Trade Iran believes that the U.N. should allow sovereign nations to deal with the problem of small arms trade on their own device. It is important for the nations of the world to deal with domestic problems on their own, since the issues are most likely due to a difference in opinion, politics, or even religion that are not fully understood by outsiders, therefore it is left up to sovereign nations to fully understand the issues at hand and work with its issues.
Iraq Committee: Disarmament Topic: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons In today’s world, conflicts are not fought using missiles and heavy equipment. They are instead fought using small arms and light weapons, many smuggled illegally. By some estimates there are more than 600 million small arms and light weapons worldwide. The nation of Iraq knows well the danger of having these destructive items floating around society. That is why Iraq wishes to see a ban on the illegal trade and smuggling of small arms and light weapons, but recognizes the legality of nations to sell and trade such weapons to one another. Iraq also wishes to see an international strengthening of borders and border security in order to catch those smuggling the weapons.
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Israel Disarmament Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Israel creates many weapons used by many forces around the globe. It does trades with other nations also. The trade revenue has jumped 40% since 2002 and another 40% before that. The profits were close to 2.6 Billion dollars and included many things other than small arms. Large contracts have been signed within the last few years between corporations dedicated to making small arms. Israels foreign policy decides who they can and can’t sell arms to setting guide lines to who gets arms and who doesn’t. These guidelines really help by limiting the amount of arms that can be received by terrorist organizations. Helping the war on terror. Israel would like to also add that its arms dealing is really only to sovereign states. Israel would like to also add that like it was said before arms dealing is really a double edged sword, you can get hurt in the process of this, but you can also get something good out of it. Israel has had some embarrassments in the past with some problems in the late 70s that the world found out about later Israel wants to recommend all nations follow Israel’s new examples in help the reduction of small arms dealing, but also allowing some countries to still receive arms dealing.
Italy Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Over half a million deaths a year are caused by small arms. Most arms happen to be illicit. Italy does produce some firearms. But like most other countries, we would like to reduce the trade of illicit arms. Italy is not totally affected by this problem. We are affect just like every other country is mildly affected. By having illegal arms flow through Italy it is easier for people without licenses to obtain a firearm. On a larger scale Italy is affected by having firearms being put into hands of groups such as terrorist. By groups such as terrorist, sects, or factions in a civil war being able to obtain firearms with such ease, civilians are at risk. Innocent people are sometimes caught in the cross fire that come from the people who have possession of these weapons. To dissolve this issue, I believe that it is necessary to track down the manufactures of these illegal weapons, then find and stop the trade route that these firearms are traveling on. If this can be done I think the area were a lot of these firearms are ending up will be safer. I would like to see ideas on how we will fund these projects and what forces we should use to carry them through.
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Japan Committee: Disarmament Topic: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons In accordance with the Japanese government’s Three Principles on Arms Exports, Japan does not export any weapons, and has not since 1976. In addition, Japan has set forth three objectives for solving the small arms and light weapons issue. The first objective is the strengthening of international norms to prevent the accumulation, transfer, and illicit trade of small arms. The second is economic assistance for DDRdisarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants- in regions of conflict. The third objective was the contribution to the success of the 2001 United Nations Conference on the issue and to its goals. Japan, in recent years, has become a world leader in the fight to end the illicicit trade of SALW’s. In October of 2002, a Draft Resolution on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects submitted by Japan, was unanimously adopted in the First Committee of the U.N. General Assembly. Japan supports the expansion of programs for voluntary surrender of arms, Guns for Food programs, public weapon-destruction ceremonies such as Flame of Peace ceremonies, and wider dissemination of materials on how to perform these ceremonies and of the Destruction Handbook produced by the Department of Disarmament Affairs. Japan also supports moratoriums on weapon production in areas of recent and ongoing conflict. It also recognizes the need for greater transparency in the reporting of weapons production by individual states.
Libya Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Libya acknowledges that although the accumulation of light weapons is not the cause of conflicts, it can undoubtedly intensify conflicts. Libya also acknowledges that light weapons are the basic weapons of national armed forces and police, especially of small countries without heavy weapons. However, Libya believes that the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons and their circulation are sources of danger and hinder socio-economic development all over the world. Libya feels that producers of such weapons should take full responsibility and reduce their production of these weapons; producers should also take measures to prevent small arms and light weapons from reaching conflict areas. Therefore, Libya will support any resolution that is realistic in its attempt to combat illicit trade in small arms and light weapons.
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The Delegation of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia’s position on the Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons: The illegal smuggling of light fire arms is a terrible thing to the Macedonian society. Seeing as the country is seemingly less tha stable, firearms should be governed considerable more strictly than have been in the past. Not being an export of Macedonia, nearly 17,000 firearms were brought into the country for vicilian uses. All trade of such alien substances thus should be vanquished in pursuit of a stronger economy and more liable government. It is recommended this is achieved by placing an end to trade of all light weapons. Nepal Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons The deletion of the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in the Middle East would greatly help prevent the possible terrorist attacks. Nepal suggests that law enforcers scan all luggage imports before entering the country. Nepal believes that the funding for new scanner can be easily achieved by a tariff.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands’ Position on the Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons The Kingdom of the Netherlands believes that the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons has to come to a halt. We do not believe, however, that member nations should stop producing such weapons, as they are a source of protection. The only fair way to stop the production of such weapons would be to take every single one out of the world, but this is likely to never occur. Referring to the information supplied by the International Committee of the Red Cross, 90 percent of the casualties of the recent wars were due to the use of small arms and light weapons by civilians. Everyone is susceptible to this danger. The biggest problem with these weapons is that they are so easily transported and looked over so often. We need to take he time to look at every individual aspect, even though it may not seem suspicious. If we want to find ways to protect our people, then we will have to take some extra initiative in doing so.
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Committee: Disarmament and International Security Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Sponsored by: Kingdom of Norway There are a little over 550,000,000 small arms and light weapons in worldwide circulation. That is enough to arm one person for every twelve on the planet. Norway feels that the problem is getting out of hand and believes that something must be done. The problem is extremely bad in regions like Africa and the Middle East. These weapons are what arm rebel groups and terrorists. These rebel groups start civil wars that kill many people and ruin countries economically, as well as ruining the government. Small arms and light weapons also arm child soldiers, another major problem around the world. By stopping the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons, we can help eliminate the use of child soldiers. The root of the problem comes from the illegal arms dealers from around the globe who supply rebel groups with large amounts of Kalashnikov assault rifles (AK-47), RPGs (rocket propelled grenades), and explosives like hand grenades. Once these arms are in the country many people can sell them for very cheap prices. In some areas you can get an AK-47 for the small price of a chicken and a few pounds of rice. In Africa many warlords buy large amounts of these light weapons for a few conflict diamonds, a.k.a. “blood diamonds”. To acquire these diamonds, the warlords force men, women, and children to go to diamond mines, remove huge amounts of earth by shovel to get to the diamonds, and then sift for the diamonds. This process usually takes many weeks in which time a considerable amount of people may die. This is yet another problem that can be stopped with the cease of the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons. As stated before, the root of the problem is in the illegal arms dealers, and if they are stopped then those who use the arms will run out of supplies and their destruction ceased. Norway suggests that profiles be made on all supposed legitimate arms dealers and are watched carefully, to ensure that they are actually legitimate. Also, Norway suggests that INTERPOL and other agencies apply harsher rules and regulations on arms dealing so that it is harder for dealers to evade arrest. Norway further recommends peacekeeping missions to countries in which rebel groups and terrorists are based in order to oppress them and unarm them. This will cease the trade of the illegal arms within the countries. Finally Norway urges that all nations put strict regulations on purchase of small arms and light weapons if they have not already done so. This will prevent someone who intends on using the arms for harmful purposes, such as criminals, from acquiring them. Norway strongly urges all nations to help cease the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons. Nuclear warheads sit in their silos, and are currently only a potential threat. The AK-47 is the real weapon of mass destruction.
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The Philippines Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons We the Philippines believe that the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons is a problem that not only affects us but also affects the well being of other nations, we have also set up a safety net for protecting children from the adverse effects of illicit small arms and light weapons which we believe would benefit all other nations as well.
First Committee The Question of Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Romania On July 10, 2001, Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN), offered the international body the subsequent challenge: 1 “Four years ago, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines took the world by storm, and with remarkable speed and compelling logic mobilized the world against these instruments of death. Equally deadly, and even more pervasive, are small arms such as revolvers and rifles, machine guns and mortars, hand grenades, anti-tank guns and portable missile launchers. They should be then next focus of urgent global attention...we need better laws and more effective regulations...Yet there is no such framework of binding norms and standards to eliminate the trade in small arms and light weapons...Surely, the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons deserves similar attention”; and that we have done, such as the UN Programme of Action (PoA), thanks to international cooperation. 2 Romania believes that small arms have overpopulated the international body. Small arms and Light weapons (hereinafter referred to as “SALW”) cause numerous fatalities, some due to armed child soldiers, terrorist and rebel groups. 3 When those people are involved within conflict it can cause not only physical problems, but emotional and psychological problems too. Romania is unconditionally against the illicit trade of SALW. 4 Many attempts have been made to eradicate SALW to unauthorized beings and even if the attempts failed, many steps and precautions have been taken toward the eradication process. Being a part of Europe and having the newly state of Russia formed due to the Cold War, we still have some SALW manufacturing companies that exist. Yet, even though we are manufacturing them we have applied to join the European Union (EU) and expect to join them in 2007. Since we are going to join forces with the EU that means that we have complied with their guidelines, such as the arms export code of conduct, toward manufacturing, selling and trading of weapons. 5 We would like to restate from a past Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) conference that states such as ourselves should not be responsible for arms concluding in unauthorized dealers and recipients when those arms were specifically sold to an authorized nation. Romanian arms export and imports have decreased since we have complied with the European Union’s (EU) standards. We are reviewing arms trade very closely to make sure
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that our weapons do not wind up in a trafficking network or even worse, by terrorist (groups or individuals). Nevertheless, we urge other nations to have complete and uttermost control over their imports, exports, and manufacturing of small arms, illegal or known. An evermore peace cannot be attained as long as the dangerous, yet deadly circle of trading illicit weapons still endures. 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
The 2002 National High School Model United Nations, First Committee History
The Russian Federation Committee: Disarmament Committee Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons The Russian Federation becomes more and more alarmed by the issue of the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons each day. Not only do these weapons have the ability to destabilize respective regions and their societies with their power to injure, intimidate, and kill, but these related health challenges seem to be spreading like an epidemic due to their illicit trading. Russia believes that organizations such as our IPPNW-Russia (or Russian Physicians for the prevention of Nuclear War) have really proved to be a God-send in the midst of this detrimental issue. The IPPNW-Russia is composed of partner physicians that define the challenge, develop policy, evaluate results, and prevent the use of small arms and light weapons. By investigating injuries caused by small arms and light weapons, these medical practitioners are able to identify characteristics of the used weaponry and even go so far as to work with law enforcement officials to track these weapons and locate and punish their traders. The Russian Federation proposes that by establishing more of these organizations under the respective jurisdiction of each member State, the United Nations will be able to move to a new height on this issue, saving thousands of lives and controlling manufacturers and traders of small arms and light weapons to boot.
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Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Country: Singapore The world is at a time when some nations and radical groups feel it is necessary to over protect or to build up for an attack. As a result, through illicit trade, they have grown from the cheap profit of small arms and light weapons. This must be put to a stop. It is causing insecurity in nations and groups nationally and internationally. Soon others will result to illicit trade. Not only has it caused insecurity socially but also it has deprived nations’ economies. Every country deals with illegal activities but illicit trade is something that can not be taken lightly. It will spread and grow. If we do not take action, illicit trade will turn from small arms and light weapons into big arms and heavy weapons. Singapore believes illicit trade has damaged our economy and has increased social instability. Illicit trade is a network of tunnels in nations and regions, which we happen to be tied in to it as many of you as well. To help decline illicit trade, each country needs to do their part. Mr. Kishore Mahbubani, a permanent representative on Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in Singapore, proposed a way to help resolve this problem: The Programme of Action will be a guide to member states as an expression of concerted international opinion on how to deal with the illicit traffic in small arms. To be truly effective, it will need national, regional and international commitment to its implementation. National commitment is crucial. The illicit trade in small arms is a web connecting many nations. Each State needs to put in place appropriate and effective national systems to reduce its vulnerability to this traffic. Many countries already have some controls on small arms. The Programme of Action can be a support for such existing measures and a source of new ideas, particularly in dealing with the diversion of arms for legitimate national defense and security purposes into illicit channels. These measures should include the strong regulation of the possession and transfer of small arms within the State’s territory, as well as proper disposal procedures for surplus arms. States should also seriously consider only exporting arms to government-authorized entities and licensed dealers National efforts should be complemented by co-operation between States. States could exchange information between enforcement agencies, and share expertise in developing robust national legislation on small arms possession and licensing. Where appropriate, regional databases of legitimate arms traders and prosecuted illicit traders could be established. Regions that find themselves particularly afflicted by the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons could look into further measures that are relevant to their situation. The Programme of Action must take into account the varying circumstances, capacities and situations among different States and regions. Many developing countries will need international assistance in implementing its proposals, since their scarce resources may not otherwise be sufficient. Otherwise, there is the risk that appropriate measures may not be implemented fully or at all and the Programme of Action will remain no more than an ambitious statement of intent.
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The Republic of South Africa Committee: Disarmament Topic: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons The Republic of South Africa’s position on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons acknowledges that it is the users of the weapons that need to comply with humanitarian laws, but it also believes that it is the job of the manufacturer to carefully select those who it chooses to trade with. Because small arms are inexpensive and easy to move, they are often shipped into war zones and used to fuel conflict. Small arms are also responsible for many deaths each year. Keeping this in mind, small arms are also able to be used for defensive purposes as well as for suppressing human rights, and their trade should not be stopped entirely. South Africa believes that trade that helps a recipient country to provide for legitimate self defense should be allowed. Also, problems arise where traffickers are involved, often acquiring the weapons from unstable governments. They deal in trades involving blood diamonds, and often the weapons saturate the market and bring about organized crime. South Africa is the sole major arms producer on the continent. It is committed to the international goals of arms control and disarmament. It wishes to prevent the proliferation of small arms throughout Africa. By controlling the trade, and not trading with parties that will use the weapons to violate human rights and freedoms, small arm and light weapon trade can continue without ill effects. Trade should not be allowed to unstable nations, or nations that might pass them off to third parties.
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Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons Country: The United Republic of Tanzania Situated among such conflict areas like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi, the Tanzania is subject to much traffic from the illegal trade of small arms and light weapons (SALW) and is fully committed to its eradication in all its aspects. We ratified the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illegal Trade of SALW (UNPoA) in 2001. In addition, we have ratified the UN Firearms Protocol, the Bamako Declaration, South Africa Development Community (SADC) Declaration, and the Nairobi Protocol to further fight the illicit trade of SALW. Tanzania was one of the first African nations to establish a National Action Plan (NAP) in July 2001, and has become a model for the prevention of the illicit trade of SALW. In August 2001, Tanzania cemented a five-year partnership with CEPEDE, the Tanzania Maritime Foundation, SaferAfrica of South Africa, and Safer World of the United Kingdom to facilitate our implementation of our NAP in accordance with the UNPoA. The NAP was furthered by Tanzania’s establishment of its National Focal Point committee on SALW, Arms management and Disarmament Committee, National Defense and Security Council, and Regional Task Force. Our National Focal Point Committee draws its members from various sectors of government including the Police, Customs, Military, Legal Affairs, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society groups. Cooperation between civil society and government officials in Tanzania has catalyzed Tanzania’s current actions to eradicate the illicit trade of SALW. The National NGO Conference in May 2002 promoted improvement of our NAP and our legislation was strengthened through its creation of a Special Committee to monitor the implementation of our commitments like the UNPoA. Over a hundred microprojects within our NAP work together to cover every aspect of curbing the illicit trade of SALW, including strengthening law enforcement, training and capacity building, developing information exchange and cooperation methods nationally. During the first phases of our NAP, Tanzania has taken many practical steps to improve condition in our nation related to SALW. We have established a National NGO Network extending throughout the nation and destroyed about 6,547 illegally owned firearms. We have ratified the Nairobi Protocol and urge others in Africa to do likewise. Tanzania upholds its requirements of states to incorporate provisions like universal gun registration, standardizing the movement of arms, and banning civilian ownership of rifles into legislation. To strengthen both internal and external communication, Tanzania has digitized the paper data of about 32,865 records of internal arms information. Our success in implementing the Tanzanian NAP has served as case study to other member states in Africa. In 2005, Tanzania hosted a National Focal Points Coordinators Workshop to continue the training of those involved, and we emphasize the importance of regional, sub-regional, and international workshops in increasing awareness of methods to curb the illegal Trade of SALW. Tanzania upholds the UNPoA and other supplementary declarations and anticipates success at its upcoming review conference through multilateral cooperation. By utilizing the aide of other nations, NGO’s, civil society programs, and other groups, Tanzania strives to eventually eradicate the illicit trade of SALW.
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The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Thailand Thailand feels that the rapid proliferation of small arms and light weapons has created an excessively violent culture. Thailand feels that to fully combat nations must begin tagging weapons and ammunition to promote supplier trade ability, concluding multilateral agreements on destruction of surplus armament stocks, and creating a specific Southeast Asian small arms register. Thailand understands that this may infringe on national sovereignty, but feels that it is for a greater thing. Thailand also feels that to fully address the issue of small arms and light weapons we must also address the issue of organized crime. Organized crime is both one of the key suppliers and retainers of small arms and light weapons.
Disarmament The Question of Small Arms and Light Weapons United States of America The United States of America is and has been an active participant in discussions regarding the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons. The U.S. feels that it is in its best interest to help curb the flow of SALW; it has therefore been in support of multiple NGO initiatives, as well as international supports nations bilaterally with monetary donations, as well as services and training. In the past year, it has initiated a program in several conflict-prone areas to help destroy SALW. The U.S. feels that the main factor exacerbating the problem of illicit trade of SALW is not the manufacture and trade of SALW; rather it is the lack of control and legislature regarding the trade of SALW in problem nations. It feels that the most effective way to fight the illicit trade of SALW is to focus on where it is most rampant: areas prone to conflict and instability. While the UN can help to solve this problem on many levels, the nation itself must take steps on a national level to create appropriate legislature and enforcement measures. In an effort to support various tracking measures, the United States has donated US$ 125,000 to the INTERPOL Weapons and Explosives Tracking System (IWETS). The United States believes that more stringent measures should be taken to track small arms and light weapons, such as proper marking of weapons. It is also important that governments and weapons manufacturers effectively apply the use of end-user certificates to verify the destination and use of all weapons. Another important aspect of controlling the illicit trade of SALW is that of effective Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration programs in post-conflict nations. It is important to ensure that weapons are removed from these areas in an effort to stop conflict.
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United Arab Emirates Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons No real reason is put forth for this illegal trade. Nations of the world, unite in the elimination of this plague. It endangers the lives of all involved, causes disturbances throughout the world, and blights even peacetime endeavors.
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons The people of Venezuela recognize the very real threat poised by the illicit trade of small arms. It is for this reason, Venezuela has been an active member of the international community particularly in the field of reducing this threat. As supporters of the “Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All It’s Aspects”, we and fell OAS have created the “OAS Firearms Convention” in order to follow though with the recommendations to combat illicit small arms trade at the regional level. The Bolibarian Republic of Venezuela has also taken into consideration the Secretary General’s report on the future of illicit small arms trade published in February of last year. We are currently underway in implementing these recommendations and hopes that the Disarmament Committee is willing to follow suit. Lastly, it should be noted that Venezuela is in full support of UN resolutions A/RES/59/87 and 59/88. However, we just be weary as so the restrictions we place upon nations in the name of combating the illicit sell of small arms. Legal weapons being sold between nations must not be threatened by this body and any resolution that is written must reflect this.
UNITED KINGDOM Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Each year millions of innocent people die and suffer because of illegal weapons that have fallen into the wrong hands. This is a serious problem that may seem too large to tackle all at once. Illegal weapons remain illegal no matter whose hands they lay in, whether they sit in the hands of a terrorist organization, a single citizen, a gang, or even a government. Illegal weapons problems are especially bad in Africa and the Middle East, and to deal with this we must work together. It may take several years to stop a problem this massive, but working together we can achieve peace.
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Viet Nam Committee: Disarmament Topic: The Question of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons
Small arms are responsible for much of Viet Nam’s illegal drug trafficking and drug production. We suggest making gun possession a criminal offense, destroy surplus weapons and create an international agency to coordinate elimination efforts.
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